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Journal of the Korean Society of Safety, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 81-90, August 2013 Copyright@2013 by The Korean Society of Safety (pissn 1738-3803) All right reserved. FMEA ๋ฅผํ™œ์šฉํ•œํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ณต์‚ฌ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๊น€ํ˜ธ๋ฏผ ์šฐ์ธ์„ฑ * ์ธ์ฒœ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› * ์ธ์ฒœ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์•ˆ์ „๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ (2013. 2. 6. ์ ‘์ˆ˜ / 2013. 7. 25. ์ฑ„ํƒ ) A Study of Methods on Risk Assessment for Plant Construction using FMEA(Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) Ho Min Kim In Sung Woo * Graduate School, University of Incheon * Department of Safety Engineering, University of Incheon (Received February 6, 2013 / Accepted July 25, 2013) Abstract : To meet increased demand and lead to execution of successful overseas's plant construction, A prompt System is urgently needed to carries prevention and control of hazards associated with work related tasks and activities. This study is aimed to develop efficient and reliable program to identify control measures for high risk activities by choosing and conducting proper risk assessment methodology that addresses Risk Priority Number(RPN) of adverse effects. Key Words : FMEA, risk assessment, evaluation criteria 1. ์„œ๋ก  1.1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๋ฐ๋ชฉ์ ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฐ์—…์€์ •์œ ์„ค๋น„, ๊ฐ€์Šคํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ, ์„์œ ํ™”ํ•™์„ค๋น„๋“ฑ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ์ž๋ณธ์žฌ๋ฅผ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š”์‚ฐ์—…์ด๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š”๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜์‚ฌ์—…์„ฑ์„๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธˆ์œต์„์ฃผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ฃผ, ์„ค๊ณ„, ๊ตฌ๋งค, ์‹œ๊ณต์€๋ฌผ๋ก ์‚ฌํ›„์šด์˜์„์œ„ํ•œ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ์ฑ…์ž„๊นŒ์ง€ํฌ๊ด„ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์ปจ์„คํŒ…๋“ฑ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ์ œ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๋ณตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์œต๋“ฑ์„์œตํ•ฉํ•œ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€๋†’์€์ง€์‹์ง‘์•ฝํ˜•์‚ฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ์„œ์ œ์กฐ์—…๊ณผ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—…์˜์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„๋™์‹œ์—๊ฐ–๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š”์œตํ•ฉ์‚ฐ์—…์ด๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ฑด์„ค์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ EPC ๋ฐœ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋˜์–ด์žˆ๊ณ , ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ฑด์„ค๊ณผ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ๊ณผ๊ธฐ์ž์žฌ๊ตฌ์ž…๋น„์šฉ์ด๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ธ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ง€๋ฐฐ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์ง€๊ธ‰์ด์ฃผ๋กœ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—ฐ๋ถˆ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ธˆ์œต๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์–ดํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์—…์˜์†์ต๊ณผ์„ฑํŒจ๋ฅผ์ขŒ์šฐํ•˜๋Š”์‚ฐ์—…์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆํ™”๊ณตํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๋Š”๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜์ƒ์‚ฐ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ, ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€ํ™”ํ•œํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ž๊ฐ€๋‹จ์ˆœ์‹œ๊ณต๋งŒ์„๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฐ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง, ๊ธฐ์ž์žฌ, ์žฅ๋น„๋“ฑ์˜ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์„ค์น˜, ๊ฑด์„ค์‹œ๊ณต์„์ผ๊ด„์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ์‚ฌ์—…์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š”๋ณตํ•ฉ์‚ฐ์—…์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ํ•ด์™ธํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ์ˆ˜์ฃผ์•ก์€๊ตญ์ œ์œ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ธฐ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ 2004๋…„์ดํ›„๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ์ƒ์Šน์„ธ๋ฅผ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ์ตœ๊ทผ๊ตญ๋‚ด๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์žˆ์–ดํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์‹ ๊ทœ์ˆ˜์ฃผ๋ฐ์˜์—…์ด์ต๋“ฑ์ฃผํƒ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์˜์นจ์ฒด์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๊ฑด์„ค์—…์˜์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ๊ทน๋ณตํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ์—ญํ• ๋กœ์„œ๊ทธ์œ„์ƒ์„๋”ํ•ด๊ฐ€๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ธฐ์™€๊ฐ™์ด์ง€์†์ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์ถ”์„ธ์—์žˆ๋Š”ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์‚ฌ์ „์—๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์„์ž‘์—…๊ณต์ข…๋ณ„๋กœ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๊ฐœ์„ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด์ ˆ์‹คํžˆ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š”์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์‚ฌ์ „์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๊ณผํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ณต์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋งˆ๊ฐ๊ณต์‚ฌ์—์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๊ฐ€์žฅ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ๊ณต์ •์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ณผ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ์ž‘์—…๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„์ œ์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ์žฌํ•ด๋ฅผ์‚ฌ์ „์—์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ณต์‚ฌ์—์žˆ์–ด์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผํ• ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ํ˜„์žฅ์•ˆ์ „ํ™œ๋™์—์ ํ•ฉํ•œ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ๊ทธ์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹จ์œ„์ž‘์—…๋ณ„์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด์œ„ํ—˜์˜์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„๋„์ถœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋ณด๋‹คํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ณ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์žˆ๋Š”์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์žํ•œ๋‹ค. 1.2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”์ด๋ก ์ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ํ†ตํ•ด์ž‘์—…์ „์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ์‚ฌ์ „์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์ด๋ก ์ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ํ†ตํ•ด์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ชฉ์ ๋ฐ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋“ฑ์„์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๊ณ , ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฐํ•ด์™ธ์˜์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„์„ํ†ตํ•ด๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋ฐ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ๊ณ ์žฅํ˜•ํƒœ์™€์˜ํ–ฅ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ๋ฒ• (FMEA : Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) ์„ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ฑด์„ค๊ณต์‚ฌํ˜„์žฅ์—์ ํ•ฉํ•œ FMEA ํ‰๊ฐ€์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ , ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ์ž‘์„ฑ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฐ์—ญํ• ๋“ฑํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผํ™•๋ฆฝ 2) ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„, ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋„, ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜์˜์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋“ฑ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ฐ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์žํ•œ๋‹ค. Corresponding Author: Ho Min Kim, Tel: +82-10-9292-1077, E-mail: homin0122@naver.com Graduate School, University of Incheon, 119, Academy-ro, Yeonsu, Incheon 406-772, Korea 81

๊น€ํ˜ธ๋ฏผ ์šฐ์ธ์„ฑ 2. ์ด๋ก ์ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 2.1. ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐœ์š”๋ฐ๋ชฉ์  ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ์‚ฌ์ „์—๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ฐ€์žฅ๋จผ์ €ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ผ์€๊ณต์ •์ค‘์—์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ชจ๋“ ์œ„ํ—˜์„์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์–ด์ด๋ฅผํ™•์ธ (Identification) ํ•˜๊ณ ๋ถ„์„ (Analysis) ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์œ„ํ—˜์ดํ™•์ธ๋˜์ง€์•Š์€์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š”๊ทธ์œ„ํ—˜์„์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š”์ ์ ˆํ•œ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ• ์ˆ˜์—†๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ์‚ฌ์ „์—๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์—ฌํ‰๊ฐ€, ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”์œ„ํ—˜์„๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ๊ทœ๋ช…๋œ์œ„ํ—˜์˜๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„, ์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„, ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋„๋ฅผ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ์œ„ํ—˜์˜์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ (Risk Priority Number) ๋ฅผ๋ถ„์„ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ดํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆํ™”์žฌ ํญ๋ฐœ ๋ˆ„์ถœ๊ณผ๊ฐ™์€๋Œ€ํ˜•์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”์œ„ํ—˜์„์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์–ด๊ทธ์œ„ํ—˜์ด์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜์ž์ฃผ๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ, ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์˜ํ–ฅ์„ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ๋„๋งค์šฐ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์˜๋ชฉ์ ์€์„ค๊ณ„, ๊ฑด์„ค, ์‹œ์šด์ „๋ฐ์กฐ์—…๊ณผ์ •๋“ฑ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”์œ„ํ—˜์„์‚ฌ์ „์—๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜์—ฌ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๊ทธ๋ชฉ์ ์ด์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ฐ€๋™ / ์„ค๊ณ„ / ๊ฑด์„ค์ค‘์ธ์‹œ์„ค์˜์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ๊ณต์ •์—์ž ์žฌํ•˜๋Š”์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์˜์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด์žฌํ•ด๋ฐฉ์ง€๋Œ€์ฑ…์„์ œ์‹œ 1) ํ•˜๋Š”์ผ๋ จ์˜๊ณผ์ •์„ํ†ตํ•ด์œ„ํ—˜์„์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”์ค‘์ถ”์ ์ธ์—ญํ• ์„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐ์žฌํ•ดํŠน์„ฑ์„๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„๋ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ˆ์ธก์€๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ž ์žฌ๋œ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ๊ฒฐํ•จ๊ณผ Human error ๋ฅผ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ์„ค๋น„์˜์šด์ „์„ฑ๋ฐ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์กฐ์‚ฌ, ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์›์ธ์กฐ์‚ฌ, ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋œ์„ค๋น„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐ์„ค๋น„๋ณด์ „์ฐจ์›์˜๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์™„๋ฒฝ์„ฑํ™•์ธ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ฑ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2.2. ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฐ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š”๋‹ค์Œ์•„๋ž˜์™€๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 2.2.1. ์ž ์žฌ์œ„ํ—˜๊ทœ๋ช… (Hazard Identification) ๊ณต์ •๋‚ด์—์ž ์žฌํ•˜๋Š”์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œํ™•์ธ๋ฐ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ HAZOP, What-If, FMECA ๋“ฑ์ด์žˆ๋‹ค. 2.2.2. ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„์„ (Accident Frequency Analysis) ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„๋ฐ๊ณ„์‚ฐ, ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„๋ฐ๊ด€๋ จ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€๋ฅผ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ FTA, ETA, CA ๋“ฑ์ด์žˆ๋‹ค. 2.2.3. ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ถ„์„ (Accident Consequence Analysis) ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ํ”ผํ•ด์˜ํ–ฅ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ Source Modeling, Dispersion Modeling, Effect Modeling ๋“ฑ์ด์žˆ๋‹ค. 2.2.4. ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฐํ‘œํ˜„ (Presentation of Risk Measures) ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œ„ํ—˜ (Individual Risk Contour) ๊ณผ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œ„ํ—˜ (F-N curve) ์ด์žˆ๋‹ค. 2.2.5. ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ๋Œ€์ฑ…์œ„ํ—˜์˜์ˆ˜์šฉ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ ์•ˆ์ „์žฅ์น˜์„ค์น˜๋ฐ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋Œ€์ฑ…์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š”๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๋‹ค. Fig. 1. Steps of risk assessment. Table 1. Qualitative risk assessment. Types Checklist PHA HAZOP FMECA Description It is a useful tool that can be recongnizing of minimal risk by utilizing the pre-prepared checklist. frequently use to demonstrate about progress according to standard procedure The analysis technique that recognize the risk in advance at the design stage of the process so when hazard is found later can be saving the cost. Applied in the early stages of the plant development Method to derive systematically about risk factor of processand operating issues caused by desorption phenomenon which deviate from the design intent Method to grasp FM and influence of FM by making chart for precedence of the risk about the failure mode result of process or plant equipment and failure mode Brainstorming approach that uses "What If" by organized specialist questioning to: - Postulate potential upsets that may result in accidents or What-IF system performance problem. - Ensure that appropriate safequards against those problems are in place * PHA : Preliminary Hazard Analysis * HAZOP : Hazard and Operability * FMECA : Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis Table 2. Quantitative risk assessment. Types Description Method to identify causes on specified one accident not all system failure. FTA Efficient method to evaluate frequency of accident using FAULT to combine a series of lower level events ETA Analysis technique for identifying and evaluating the sequence of events in a potential accident scenario following occurrence of an initiating event blend of fault tree and event tree analysis to identify chains CCC of events that can result in undesirable consequences. * FTA : Fault Tree Analysis * ETA : Event Tree Analysis * CCC : Cause-Consequence Analysis ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š”์ •์„ฑ์ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€์ •๋žต์ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์„ฑ์ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š”์–ด๋– ํ•œ๋Œ€์ƒ์—๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€์•Š๋‹ค๋Š”๋ง‰์—ฐํ•œ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ์ •์„ฑ์ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š”์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํš๋‹จ๊ณ„๋‚˜์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ค‘์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ์–ด๋Š๊ณต์ •์„์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ 82 Journal of the KOSOS, Vol. 28, No. 4, 2013

FMEA ๋ฅผํ™œ์šฉํ•œํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ณต์‚ฌ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๊ณ„์ธก๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ๋ถ™์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ง€์†๊ด€์ฐฐํ• ์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ์„์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ผํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š”์–ด๋– ํ•œ์žฅ์น˜๋‚˜์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ์˜๋ฐœ์ƒํ™•๋ฅ ๋กœ๋ถ„์„ ( ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ก ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ) ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜์œ„ํ—˜์˜ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ( ์ˆ˜์น˜๋“ฑ ) ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š”๋Œ€์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ์•Œ๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—์žฅ์น˜๋‚˜์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ๊ต์ฒดํ• ์ง€์•ˆํ• ์ง€๋ฅผ๋ฐ”๋กœ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š”๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํžˆ๋งŽ์€์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •์„ฑ์ ์ธ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„๊ฐœ๋Ÿ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค. 3.1. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋ก€ 3. ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์ถ”์ง„์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์ œ๋„๋Š”๋…ธ๋™๋ถ€, ํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฐ์—…์•ˆ์ „๋ณด๊ฑด๊ณต๋‹จ์ด์ฃผ๊ด€ํ•˜๋Š” KOSHA 18001 ์•ˆ์ „๋ณด๊ฑด๊ฒฝ์˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—๊ทธ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ๋‘๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ฐ์šด์˜์€๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฌ๋ณ„๋กœ์ •๋„์˜์ฐจ์ด๋Š”์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ๊ฑฐ์˜๋น„์Šทํ•œํŠน์„ฑ์„๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ์‹คํ–‰์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋‹ค์†Œ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” P ์‚ฌ์˜์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฐ์šด์˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ํ‘œ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœํ•˜์—ฌ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์žํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€ํ‘œ์ž‘์„ฑ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€๋‹ค์Œ์•„๋ž˜์™€๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1) ํ˜„์žฅ๊ณต์‚ฌ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ณ„๋กœ์ž‘์—…๊ณต์ •์„๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ ๊ทธ์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹จ์œ„์ž‘์—…์„์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2) ์ž‘์—…๊ณต์ •์˜๋‹จ์œ„์ž‘์—…๋ฐ์žฅ๋น„, ์„ค๋น„๋“ฑ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์„๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. 3) ๋„์ถœ๋œ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์—๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„๋ฐ์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๊ณ„๋ฅผ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ธฐ์—์„œํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ๋‹ค์Œ์˜์ ˆ์ฐจ์—์˜๊ฑฐ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ๋“ฑ๋ก๋ถ€๋ฅผ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. 1) 4,6,9 ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์˜์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ๋“ฑ๋ก๋ถ€์—๋“ฑ๋กํ•œ๋‹ค. 2) ๋“ฑ๋ก๋œ๊ฐ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ๊ต์œก์ , ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ธฐ์—์˜๊ฑฐ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ๋“ฑ๋ก๋ถ€๊ฐ€์ ์„ฑ๋˜๊ฒŒ๋˜๋ฉดํ•ด๋‹น๊ณต์ข…์˜๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋…์ž, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์—…์ฒด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž์—๊ฒŒ๊ต์œก, ํ™๋ณด๋ฅผํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ Fig. 2. Flow chart of risk assessment. Table 3. Occurrence. Level Description Score High Medium Low Table 4. Severity. Very high occurrence of creating an accident Over 20% of all accidents High occurrence of creating an accident 10~20% of all accidents Moderate occurrence of creating an accident Less than 10% of all accident Level Description Score High Medium Low Table 5. Risk level. Severity of an accident is very high Over 3months of medical treatment Severity of an accident is moderately high 4~12weeks of medical treatment Severity of an accident is moderately medium Less than 4 weeks of medical treatment Risk Control plan Note 1 Minor Risk Training Secondary 2,3 Acceptable Risk Daily Control Control 4,6 Undesirable Risk Improve work methods 9 Unacceptable Risk Elimination Fig. 3. Examples of risk assessment. 3 2 1 3 2 1 Mandatory Control ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€์ฃผ์ง€๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋ก์กฐ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ ํ˜„์žฅ์šด์˜์„ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ์ดํ–‰์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์„ํ•˜๊ณ  Feed Back ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด P ์‚ฌ์˜์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•ด๋ณธ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์žฅ์ ์€์•„๋ž˜์™€๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1) ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ๋„์ถœ๋ฐ์ž‘์—…์ž๊ฐ€์ฒด๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์‹ค์ง์ ์ธ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ๋„์ถœ์ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. 2) ์‚ฌ์ „์šฐ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์œ„ํ—˜์ž‘์—…์‹๋ณ„์„ํ†ตํ•œ์ง€์†์ ์ธ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ™œ๋™์ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. 3) ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผํ†ตํ•œ์ธ์ ๋ฐ์กฐ์ง๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฐจ์›์˜์ ‘๊ทผ์ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. 4) ์‚ฌ์—…์žฅํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ„์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์ ์šฉ์„ํ†ตํ•œ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€์•„๋ž˜์™€๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1 ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋น„์šฉ์ฆ๊ฐ€์šฐ๋ ค๋ฐ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•ˆ์ „ํ•™ํšŒ์ง€, ์ œ 28 ๊ถŒ์ œ 4 ํ˜ธ, 2013 ๋…„ 83

๊น€ํ˜ธ๋ฏผ ์šฐ์ธ์„ฑ ์ž, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์—ญํ• ์ €์กฐ์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ์šด์˜์ƒ์˜ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€๋ฏธํกํ•˜๋‹ค. 2 ํ‰๊ฐ€์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ์„œ๋ฅ˜ํ™”์ž‘์—…์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋ถ€๋‹ด๋ฐ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ฑ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์ธ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด๋ฏธํกํ•˜๋‹ค. 3 ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์ž‘์„ฑ๊ด€๋ จ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ๋ถ€์žฌ๋ฐํ˜„์žฅ์˜๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ์ˆ˜์ค€์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. 4 ํ™œ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค. 3.2. ํ•ด์™ธ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋ก€ ํ•ด์™ธ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์ œ๋„๋Š”๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„, ์‚ฌ์—…์ฃผ๋ณ„๋‹ค์†Œ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ์–ด๋–ค๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ์ œ๋„ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ์˜๋ฌดํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด์™ธ์‚ฌ์—…์žฅ์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š”์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๊ด€๋ จ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” JHA(Job Hazard Analysis), JSA(Job Safety Analysis) ๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” S ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š”ํ•ด์™ธํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์‚ฌ์šฐ๋””๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์ฒด Aramco ์‚ฌ์˜์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์ œ๋„๋ฅผ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์žํ•œ๋‹ค. Aramco ์‚ฌ์˜์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Š”์•„๋ž˜์™€๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1) ์ž‘์„ฑ์‹œ๊ธฐ : ํ•ด๋‹น์ž‘์—…์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ „ 2) ์ž‘์„ฑ๋Œ€์ƒ : ๊ณต์ข…๋ณ„๋ชจ๋“ ์‹ ๊ทœ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋‹จ์œ„๊ณต์ • 3) ์ž‘์„ฑ์ ˆ์ฐจ 1 Classify work activities 2 Identify hazards - What can cause loss 3 Determine risk 4 Classify hazards and risks - See Hazard and Risk Assessment Matrix 5 Develop and implement risk control action plan(if necessary) 6 Review action plan periodically 4) ์Šน์ธ์ ˆ์ฐจ 1 ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์‚ฌ : ๊ณต์‚ฌ์ž‘์„ฑ, HSE ๊ฒ€ํ† , ์†Œ์žฅ์Šน์ธ 2 ์‹œ๊ณต์‚ฌ : ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ฒ€ํ† , HSE ๊ฒ€ํ† , ์†Œ์žฅ์Šน์ธ 5) Risk Score : ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„ X ์œ„ํ—˜์˜์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ Table 6. Risk level. Level Description 1 Death, system loss, or irreversible environmental damage Severe injury, occupational illness, major system damage, or 2 reversible severe environmental damage 3 Injury requiring medical attention 4 Possible minor injury, minor system damage, or minimal environmental damage Table 7. Occurrence. Level Description A Expected to occur frequently. B Will occur several times in the life of an item. C Likely to occur sometime in the life of an item. D Unlikely, but possible to occur in the life of and item. E So unlikely it can be assumed occurrence may not be experienced. Fig. 4. Hazard and risk assessment matrix. Fig. 5. Examples of JHA. ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ (Fig. 4) ์™€๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ธฐ์—์˜๊ฑฐ์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ S ์‚ฌ 000 ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ JHA ๋Š”์•„๋ž˜ Fig. 5 ๊ณผ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. S ์‚ฌ์˜ JHA ์ž‘์„ฑ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฐ์šด์˜์‹คํƒœ๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•ด๋ณธ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์žฅ์ ์€์•„๋ž˜์™€๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1) ์‹ ๊ทœ๋กœ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š”๋ชจ๋“ ๋‹จ์œ„์ž‘์—…์—๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ์˜๋ฌด์ ์œผ๋กœ๊ณต์‚ฌ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ „์Šน์ธ์„์–ป์–ด์•ผํ•จ์œผ๋กœ๋ชจ๋“ ์ž‘์—…์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์œ„ํ—˜๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. 2) Work Permit Issue ์‹œ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ JHA ๊ฐ€์ฒจ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•˜๊ณ ์‹คํ–‰์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผํ™•์ธํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์–ด์šด์˜๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๋‹ค. 3) ์‚ฌ์—…์ฃผ๊ฐ€๋ชจ๋“ ๋‹จ์œ„๊ณต์ข…์—๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ JHA ์Šน์ธ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์—†๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”์ž‘์—…์„์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š”์–‘ํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, JHA ๋ฅผ์ž‘์„ฑ๋ฐ์‹คํ–‰์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„์ถœ๋œ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€์•„๋ž˜์™€๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1) ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์‚ฌ๊ทœ๋ชจ, ์ˆ˜์ค€์—๋”ฐ๋ผ JHA ์ž‘์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋ฐ์‹ค์ œ์ดํ–‰์—ฌ๋ถ€์—์žˆ์–ดํ˜„๊ฒฉํ•œ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. 2) ์‹œ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ํ•ด๋‹น๊ณต์ • JHA ๋ฅผํ˜•์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค. 3) Method Statement( ์ž‘์—…์ ˆ์ฐจ์„œ ) ์—์˜๊ฑฐ JHA ๋ฅผ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์ง€์•Š๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€๋งŽ์ด๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. 4) ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ด์ง€๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค. 4. ๊ณ ์žฅํ˜•ํƒœ์™€์˜ํ–ฅ๋ถ„์„ (FMEA) 84 Journal of the KOSOS, Vol. 28, No. 4, 2013

FMEA ๋ฅผํ™œ์šฉํ•œํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ณต์‚ฌ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 4.1. FMEA ๊ฐœ์š” FMEA(Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) ๋Š” 1960 ๋…„๋Œ€์ค‘๋ฐ˜๋ฏธํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ๊ตญ (NASA) ์˜์•„ํด๋กœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๊ณ„ํš์—์„œ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœํ™œ์šฉ๋์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1974 ๋…„์—๋ฏธํ•ด๊ตฐ์—์„œ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š”๋กœ์ผ“์˜์‹คํŒจ์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ๋ฏธ์—ฐ์—๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ FMEA ๋ผ๋Š”๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„์ฐฝ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1970 ๋…„๋Œ€์ž๋™์ฐจ์—…๊ณ„์˜๊ฒฝ์˜์ ์ž๋ˆ„์ ๊ณผ์ œ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ฑ…์ž„๋น„์šฉ์—๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ FMEA ๊ฐœ๋…์„์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์ „์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„์—์ „ํŒŒ๋˜๊ธฐ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1980 ๋…„๋Œ€๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜์ž๋™์ฐจํšŒ์‚ฌ Big 3 ๊ฐ€๋‚ฉํ’ˆ์—…์ฒด์— FMEA ๋ฅผ์ œ์ถœํ† ๋ก์˜๋ฌดํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ ISO 9000 ์„๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•œ QS 9000 ์„์ œ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ FMEA ๋ฅผํ•„์ˆ˜ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ์ œ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. FMEA ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€์„ค๊ณ„๋œ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜์ž ์žฌ์ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ชจ๋“œ๋ฅผ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์„๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ํ–ฅ์„์กฐ์‚ฌํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ์œ„ํ—˜์˜์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๊ฐ€๋†’์€์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์—๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ ๊ทธ์˜ํ–ฅ์„์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ FMEA ๋Š”์ƒํ–ฅ (Bottom-up) ์ ์ธ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์„œ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ์ „์ฒด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜๊ณ ์žฅ์„์กฐ์‚ฌํ•จ์—์žˆ์–ด๊ฐœ๋ณ„๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์˜๊ณ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š”์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์‹ 6) ์ด๋‹ค. FMEA ๋Š”์ฃผ๋กœ์•„๋ž˜์™€๊ฐ™์ดํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1) ์ž ์žฌ๊ณ ์žฅํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ณ ์žฅ์„์‚ฌ์ „์—์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. 2) ์„ค๊ณ„๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์‹œ๊ธฐ์กด์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜๊ณต์ •์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. 3) ์ œํ’ˆ๋˜๋Š”๊ณต์ •์˜์ค‘์ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์„์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœํ™œ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. 4) ๊ณ ์žฅ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ• ๋•Œ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. 4.2. FMEA ์™€์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฒ• FMEA ์™€์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” FTA FMA, FMCA ๋“ฑ์ด์žˆ๋‹ค. FTA ๋Š”ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ชจ๋ธ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ธ์›์ธ๊ณผ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์œ„๊ณ„์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„์ˆ˜์žˆ์–ด๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ธ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋ถ„์„์—์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค. FTA ์™€ FMEA ๋Š”์ƒํ˜ธ๋ณด์™„์ ์ธ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ ์ด๊ณ ๊ท€๋‚ฉ์ ์ธ FMEA ๋ถ„์„์„๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋Š”๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ์—ฐ์—ญ์ ์ด๊ณ ์„ ํ—˜์ ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ธ FTA ๋ฅผ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. FMA ๋Š”์‹คํŒจ์›์ธ, ๋นˆ๋„๋“ฑ์„ํ†ตํ•ด๊ธฐ์กด์˜๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋‚˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์‹œ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜๋Š”๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค. FMCA ๋Š” FMEA ์™€๊ฐ€์žฅ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์ค‘์š”๋„๊ด€์ ์—์„œ์‹คํŒจ์›์ธ, ๋นˆ๋„, ์‹คํŒจ์ƒํƒœ๋“ฑ์„๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”์ ์—์„œ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ค‘ FMEA ๋Š”๊ฐ€์žฅ๋ฒ”์šฉ์ ์ธ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ์‹คํŒจ, ๋ฌธ์ œ, ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋“ฑ์„์‚ฌ์ „์—์ •์˜, ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ œ์กฐ์—…์—์„œ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” FMEA ์—์„œ๋Š”์œ„ํ—˜๋„ (RPN : Risk priority number) ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด๋Œ€์ฑ…์ด์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•œ์šฐ์„ ์š”์ธ์„๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”๊ณ ์žฅํ˜•ํƒœ์˜์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„ (Severity), ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋„ (Occurrence), ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋„ (Detection) ๋ฅผ์„ ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋Š”์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„, ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋„, ๊ฒ€ ์ถœ๋„๋ฅผ๊ณฑํ•œ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ RPN ๊ฐ’์ด๋†’์€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ์œ„ํ—˜์ˆœ์œ„๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ์ด๋Š”๋™์‹œ์—๊ฐœ์„ ์˜์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ๊ฒฐ์ •์ง–๋Š”๋‹ค 4.3. ํ‰๊ฐ€์ฒ™๋„๋ฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ชจ๋“ ์ž‘์—…์˜์œ„ํ—˜๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ (RPN) ์„๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ์žฌํ•ด๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋ฒˆ๋„, ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ๋ณดํ†ต๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. FMEA ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์‚ฌ์ „์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ (Detection) ์„์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ์œ„ํ—˜๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” FMEA ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ์ž‘์—…๋‹จ์œ„๋ณ„์œ„ํ—˜๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด๊ฐํ‰๊ฐ€์š”์†Œ๋ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š”ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด์—†๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜๋ชจ๋“ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” 1~10 ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ์‚ฌ์šฉ 3-5) ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”๊ตญ๋‚ด์™€ํ•ด์™ธ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์˜์žฅ๋‹จ์ ์„๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ๋„์ถœ์„ํ†ตํ•œ๋Œ€์ฑ…๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ๊ฐ™์ดํ‰๊ฐ€์ฒ™๋„๋ฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 4.3.1. ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋„ (Occurrence) ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋„ ( ๋นˆ๋ฒˆ๋„ ) ๋Š”์ž ์žฌ๋œ์œ„ํ—˜์˜๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜๋†’์€์ง€๋ฅผํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”์ฒ™๋„์ด๋ฉฐํ‰๊ฐ€์ฒ™๋„๋Š”๋‹ค์Œ์•„๋ž˜์™€๊ฐ™๋‹ค. Table 8. Occurrence. Level Occurrence frequency Likelihood ratio for accident occurrence 10 Extreme 1 case within a month 9 (Inevitable accident) 1 case within 3 months 8 High 1 case within 6 months 7 (Repeated accident) 1 case within 9 months 6 1 case within a year 5 Moderate (Occasional accident) 1 case within 2 years 4 1 case within 3 years 3 Low 1 case within 4 years 2 (Less accident relatively) 1 case within 5 years 1 Rare 1 case more than 5 years Table 9. Severity. Level Accident severity Standard classification of human injuries 10 Danger without warning Fatality 9 Danger with warning 8 Extreme 7 High 6 Moderate 5 Low 4 Very low Permanent total disability (Personal damage 1st level) Permanent total disability (Personal damage 2nd ~ 3rd level) Permanent total disability (Personal damage 4th ~6th level) Permanent total disability (Personal damage 7th ~10th level) Permanent total disability (Personal damage 11th ~14th level) Permanent partial disability (More than 4 weeks) 3 Minor Permanent partial disability (Less than 4 weeks) 2 Very minor Temporary partial disability 1 Nothing Nearmiss ํ•œ๊ตญ์•ˆ์ „ํ•™ํšŒ์ง€, ์ œ 28 ๊ถŒ์ œ 4 ํ˜ธ, 2013 ๋…„ 85

๊น€ํ˜ธ๋ฏผ ์šฐ์ธ์„ฑ 4.3.2. ์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„ (Severity) ์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„๋Š”์‹คํŒจ์˜์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ๋ฐ์˜ํ–ฅ์„๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”ํ‰๊ฐ€์ฒ™๋„๋กœ๊ฑด์„ค์žฌํ•ด๋Š”๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์—๋ฌผ์ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”์ธ์ ํ”ผํ•ด์—๋Œ€ํ•ด๋”์šฑ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—์ธ์ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์ธ์ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์ค€์€์žฌํ•ด์ž์š”์–‘๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 4.3.3. ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋„ (Detection) ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋„๋Š”์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ์ „์—์ด๋ฅผ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ์ง€ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์—๋Œ€ํ•ดํ‰๊ฐ€์ฒ™๋„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋„๋Š”์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜์ž ์žฌ์ ์›์ธ, ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์ „์—๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œํ˜„์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜๊ทธํ›„์‚ฌ๊ณ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š”ํ˜„์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚ฎ์€๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„์–ป๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”๊ณ„ํš๋œ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜์ดํ–‰์ด๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. 4.3.4. RPN(Risk Priority Number) PRN ์€๋ฐœ์ƒ๋„, ์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„, ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋„๊ฐ’์˜๊ณฑ์œผ๋กœ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผํ• ์œ„ํ—˜๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. PRN ๊ฐ’์€ 1~ 1000 ์‚ฌ์ด์ด๋‹ค. RPN ๊ฐ’์˜์ •๋„์—๋”ฐ๋ผ์ž ์žฌ๋œ์œ„ํ—˜์„์ €๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ๋Œ€์ฑ…๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ RPN>100 ์ด์ƒ์ผ๋•Œ์‹œ์ •์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ์‹œํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ RPN ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„๊ฐ€๋†’์„๋•Œ์—๋Š”ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ์ฃผ์˜๋ฐ๊ทธ์—์ƒ์‘ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐœ์„ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. Table 10. Detection. Level Detection Classification 10 Uncertain 9 Almost nothing 8 Very low 7 Low 6 Moderate & low 5 Moderate 4 High & Moderate 3 High 2 Very high 1 Almost certain Detection criteria No probability to detect potential accident cause/mechanism, then subsequent accident type No probability to detect potential accident Very low probability to detect potential accident Low probability to detect potential accident cause/mechanism, then subsequent accident type via Moderate and low probability to detect potential accident cause/mechanism, then subsequent accident type via Moderate probability to detect potential accident High and moderate probability to detect potential accident cause/mechanism, then subsequent accident type via High probability to detect potential accident Very high probability to detect potential accident Almost certain probability to detect potential accident 4.4. FMEA ์ „๊ฐœ๋ฐํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค FMEA Sheet ์ž‘์„ฑ์ „์‚ฌ์ „์ค€๋น„์‚ฌํ•ญ์€์•„๋ž˜์™€๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 4.4.1. ์‹ค์‹œ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜์„ ์ •ํ˜„์žฅ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•, ์ž์žฌ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๋ฐ๋ณด๊ด€๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ๊ฑด์„ค์žฅ๋น„, ์œ„ํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ, ์œ„ํ—˜๋ฌผ๋ฐ์œ ๋…๋ฌผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ, ์†Œ์Œ์ง„๋™, ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค, ์‹๋‹น, ์ˆ™์†Œ๋“ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋Œ€์ƒ์„์„ ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. 4.4.2. ์ ˆ์ฐจ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๋ฐ์—ญํ•  FMEA ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•, ๋Œ€์ฑ…๊ฒ€ํ† ๋“ฑ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ์‚ฌ์ „์—ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ ํ˜„์žฅ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž ( ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์ธ, ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์ธ ) ์—ญํ• ๋ฐ์ฑ…์ž„์„๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค. 4.4.3. ํ‰๊ฐ€ํŒ€์˜๊ตฌ์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€ํŒ€์˜๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€์ฑ…์ž„์žˆ๋Š”์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋กœ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ด€๋ จ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜์ง์ ‘์ ์ด๊ณ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž๋ฅผํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ˜„์žฅ์†Œ์žฅ, ๊ณต์ข…๋ณ„์ฑ…์ž„์ž, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์†Œ์žฅ, ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ฑ 4.4.4. ํ‰๊ฐ€์ž๋ฃŒ์ค€๋น„๊ณต์‚ฌ์„ค๊ณ„๋„, ๊ณต์‚ฌ์‹œ๋ฐฉ์„œ, ๊ณต์ •ํ‘œ, ์œ ํ•ด ์œ„ํ—˜๋ฐฉ์ง€๊ณ„ํš์„œ, ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ณ„ํš์„œ๋“ฑํ•ด๋‹น์ž‘์—…์˜๊ณต์ •๋ฐ์ž‘์—…์ ˆ์ฐจ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๊ด€๋ จ์ •๋ณด๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ํ•ด๋‹น์ž‘์—…์˜๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ์žฅ๋น„์‚ฌ์–‘์„œ์™€์ ๊ฒ€์ ˆ์ฐจ์„œ, ์œ ํ•ด ์œ„ํ—˜๋ฌผ์งˆ์—๊ด€ํ•œ์ •๋ณด, ์žฌํ•ด์‚ฌ๋ก€, ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ Template ๋“ฑ์‚ฌ์ „์—์ค€๋น„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ „์ค€๋น„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ FMEA Sheet ์ž‘์„ฑ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฐ Flow ๋Š”๋‹ค์Œ์•„๋ž˜์™€๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1) ์ž‘์„ฑ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฐ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด๋‹น๊ณต์ข…ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์†Œ์žฅ์ด์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ FMEA Sheet ๋ฅผ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์ธ๊ณต์ข…๋ณ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฑ…์ž„์ž์—๊ฒŒ์ œ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น๊ณต์ข…์ฑ…์ž„์ž๋Š”์ ํ•ฉ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ 1 ์ฐจ๊ฒ€ํ† , ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ์ œ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋Š” 2 ์ฐจ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฐ์ตœ์ข…๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌํ˜„์žฅ์†Œ์žฅ์˜์Šน์ธ์„๋“ํ•œ๋‹ค. Fig. 6. HSE process according to FMEA. 86 Journal of the KOSOS, Vol. 28, No. 4, 2013

FMEA ๋ฅผํ™œ์šฉํ•œํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ณต์‚ฌ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 2) FMEA ์ตœ์ข…๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•œํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ์˜์‹ค์‹œํ•ด๋‹น๊ณต์ข…์—๋Œ€ํ•œ FMEA Sheet ๊ฐ€์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉด์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ๊ฒ€ํ† ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ๊ฐœ์ตœํ•˜๊ณ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ํ™•์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฅ์†Œ์žฅ์ดํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ์ฃผ์žฌํ•˜๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ณต์ข…์ฑ…์ž„์ž๋“ฑ์ด์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ์ค‘์ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ •์˜์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ, ๋Œ€์ฑ…์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ์ด์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผํ˜‘์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰์œ„ํ—˜๊ฐ์†Œ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ๋‚œ์ด๋„๋ฅผ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€์—ฌ๋ถ€, ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ์‹คํ–‰๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๋‚ฎ์€์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ๊ณ ๋ ค์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์‹คํ–‰์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๊ฐ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ์ง€์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ์œ„ํ—˜์ด๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋˜์ง€์•Š์•˜๋Š”์ง€์—ฌ๋ถ€, ๋Œ€์ฑ…์‹คํ–‰ํ›„ํ—ˆ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์œ„ํ—˜๋ฒ”์œ„๋‚ด๋กœ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๋Š”์ง€์—ฌ๋ถ€๋“ฑ์„ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด์ตœ์ข…๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ์ตœ์ข…์„ ์ •๋œ๊ณต์ข…๋ณ„์ค‘์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ์ฑ…์ž„์ž, ์กฐ์น˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์ผ์ž๋“ฑ์—…๋ฌด๋ถ„์žฅ์„์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” FMEA ๋ฅผํ™œ์šฉํ•œํ˜„์žฅ์•ˆ์ „ํ™œ๋™ Process ๋Š”์•„๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ณผ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 5. FMEA ๋ฅผํ™œ์šฉํ•œ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€ํšจ๊ณผ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ํ˜„ํ–‰์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋Œ€๋น„ FMEA ๋ฅผํ™œ์šฉํ•œ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ณต์ข…์—์ ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์œ„ํ—˜๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌํšจ์œจ์„๊ฐœ์„ ํ•œ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š”์•„๋ž˜์™€๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 5.1. ํ˜„ํ–‰๊ฑด์„ค์—…์ ์šฉ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€๊ฑด์„ค์‹œ๊ณต๋ฐ๊ด€๋ จํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ์žฌํ•ด๋ฅผ์œ ๋ฐœํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”์ œ๋„, ๋ฌผ์ , ์ธ์ ์ธก๋ฉด์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ชจ๋“ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ์‚ฌ์ „์—ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ๊ทผ์›์ ์œผ๋กœ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ์œ„ํ—˜์„ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ๋„์ž…ํ•œ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์ถ”์ง„์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Š”์‚ฌ์ „์ค€๋น„, ์œ ํ•ด์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ (Hazard) ํŒŒ์•…, ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ (Risk) ๊ณ„์‚ฐ, ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฐ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๋ฐ์‹คํ–‰๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์œ ํ•ด์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์„ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ๋‹นํ•ด์œ ํ•ด์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์ด์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋˜๋Š”์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ์ด์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ( ๋นˆ๋„ ) ๊ณผ์ค‘๋Œ€์„ฑ ( ๊ฐ•๋„ ) ์—๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”์ผ๋ จ์˜์ „๊ฐœ๊ณผ์ •์„๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š”์‚ฌ์—…์žฅ์ ๊ฒ€, ์ฒญ์ทจ์กฐ์‚ฌ, ๊ธฐ์กด์‚ฌ๊ณ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฐ๊ฒฝํ—˜์น˜๋“ฑ์„ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ D/B ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ 4M ์œผ๋กœ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•œ๋’ค๋‹จ์ˆœ๋ง์…ˆ, ์กฐํ•ฉ์‹, ๊ณฑ์…ˆ์‹๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ์ผ๋ จ์˜๊ณผ์ •์„ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ๋„์ถœ๋œ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์€๊ณต๊ฐ„๋ฐ์ƒํ™ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์„ฑ์ด๋†’์€๊ฑด์„คํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š”์ œ์กฐ์—…๋Œ€๋น„์‹คํšจ์„ฑ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์ถ”์ง„์ ˆ์ฐจ์˜ 5 ๋‹จ๊ณ„ - ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๋ฐ์‹คํ–‰ (Risk Control action & implementation) ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์—๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ๊ฐ์‡„๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•œ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜๊ฐœ์„ ์กฐ์น˜๋Œ€์ฑ…์ดํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ๋น„ํ•ดํ˜„ํ–‰์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š”๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์ถ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ์†Œ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„๋‹จ์ˆœ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ๊ณผํ˜„์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์ด๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ์ข…๋ฃŒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”์˜ˆ์™ธ์กฐ๊ฑด์„์ œ์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ๊ฐ์†Œ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์ˆ˜๋™์ ํ•œ๊ณ„์„ฑ์„๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋‹ค๊ณต์ข…๋ณตํ•ฉ์‹œ๊ณต๊ณผ์‹œ์šด์ „์˜๊ณต์ •์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด๋‚ดํฌ๋œํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ฑด์„คํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š”์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„๋ณด์™„ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๊ณต์ •์‹œ๊ณต๋‹จ๊ณ„์ „์‚ฌ์ „์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ (Detection) ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ FMEA ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ๋„์ถœ๋œ์œ„ํ—˜๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ํ™•๋ณดํ•œ๋’ค๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœํŒ์ •๋œ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์—๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š”๊ณต์ •์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž์™€ํ•จ๊ป˜์„ธ๋ถ€๋Œ€์ฑ…์„๋„์ถœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œ„ํ—˜๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ (RPN) ์˜๊ฐ์‡„ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฐ์œ„ํ—˜๋…ธ์ถœํ™•๋ฅ ๋ฅผ์ค„์ผ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 7. Procedure for propulsion risk assessment. Table 11. Risk assessment weak point. Step Preparation Hazard Identification Weak Point 1. Lack of planning and communication with line management in case of change on process in the workplace. 2. Lack of employee training in the workplace. 3. Lack of awareness of preliminary hazards identification and analysis for the specific operation. 1. Lack of professional inspectors 2. Limitation of using evaluation checklist for safety and health - Quality of inspection is dependent upon the checklist - Important information can be missing or overlooked 1. Limited to likelihood and severity Risk Estimation 2. Limitation of applying formulas Risk Determination 1. Lack of measures for the tolerable risks Risk Reduction Measures & Implementation 1. Lack of active risk reduction measures 2. Lack of follow-up functions for the risk reduction measures ํ•œ๊ตญ์•ˆ์ „ํ•™ํšŒ์ง€, ์ œ 28 ๊ถŒ์ œ 4 ํ˜ธ, 2013 ๋…„ 87

๊น€ํ˜ธ๋ฏผ ์šฐ์ธ์„ฑ 5.2. FMEA ์ ์šฉ๋ฐ๊ฐœ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์œ„์™€๊ฐ™์ด์ „๊ฐœํ•œ FMEA ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋‹จ์œ„์ž‘์—…์ค‘์—๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ๊ฐ์‡„ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” FMEA ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ์•„๋ž˜์™€๊ฐ™์ด์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์žํ•œ๋‹ค. 5.2.1. FMEA ํ™œ์šฉ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์ ์šฉ Project 1 ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ธˆ์•ก : 8,000์–ต 2 ๊ณต์ •์œจ : 50% 3 ์ผ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ธ์› : 2,000๋ช… 4 ์ฃผ์š”๊ณต์ข… - ๊ฐ€์‹œ์„ค, ํ† ๋ชฉ, ๊ฑด์ถ•, ์ฒ ๊ณจ, ๋ฐฐ๊ด€, ๊ธฐ๊ณ„, ์ „๊ธฐ, ๊ณ„์žฅ, ๋‚ดํ™”, ๋ณด์˜จ, ์‹œ์šด์ „๋“ฑ 5 ์ฃผ์š”ํŠน์„ฑ - ๋‹จ๋‚ฉ๊ธฐ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ 5.2.2. ๋„์ž…๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๋ฐํ™œ์šฉ๊ฐœ๋…ํ˜„ํ–‰์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์ ์šฉ์‹œ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋„๋ฐ์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„๋กœ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐœ๋…์˜ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฐํ”Œ๋žœํŠธํ˜„์žฅ์˜์‹œ์šด์ „๊ณต์ข…์—์„œ์˜๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๊ณ ์žฅํ˜•ํƒœ์™€๊ทธ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๊ณต์ • FMEA ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์ ์ถœ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋„์ถœ๋œ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๊ฐœ์„ ํ™œ๋™์˜์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„์„ค์ •๋ฐ์œ„ํ—˜๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ญ๋ชฉ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ฐœ์„ ํ™œ๋™์ด๋ฏธํกํ•˜์—ฌ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฐ๊ฐœ์„ ํ™œ๋™์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์‹คํ–‰๋ ฅ์ œ๊ณ ๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•œ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋„์ž…์ดํ•„์š”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋‹นํ˜„์žฅ์€์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์‹œ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋„, ์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋„๋ฅผํฌํ•จํ•จ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ (RPN) ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ , ์ •์„ฑ์ ๋„์ถœ๊ฐ’์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋„์ถœ๋œ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ (RPN) ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ›„ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”ํ˜‘์˜์ฒดํšŒ์˜๋ฐ S-PCM ์„ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ๊ฐ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์‹ค์งˆ์ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์žˆ๋Š”์œ„ํ—˜๋„์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ฐœ์„ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ 2 ์ฐจํŒ์ •์‹œ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ (RPN) ์˜์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผํ—ˆ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ˆ˜์น˜๊นŒ์ง€๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ์ค‘์ ์œ„ํ—˜์ž‘์—…์„์ ์ถœํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์ถœ๋œ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ง์„ํ†ตํ•œ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ์ง‘์ค‘์œผ๋กœ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„๋†’์ผ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. 5.2.3. ๊ฐœ๋…๋„์ž…์‹œ๊ณ ๋ ค์‚ฌํ•ญ FMEA ๋ฅผํ™œ์šฉํ•œ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€๊ธฐ์กด์˜์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜๋ณด์™„์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ์„œ FMEA ์˜ํ™œ์šฉ์—์•ž์„œํ˜„์žฅ์ƒํ™ฉ์„๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ์ ํ•ฉํ•œํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ๊ณ ๋ ค์š”์†Œ๋Š”์•„๋ž˜์™€๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1 ๊ณต์ •๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ฐ์‚ฌ์—…์ถ”์ง„๋‹จ๊ณ„ 2 FMEA ํ™œ์šฉ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์˜๋ชฉ์  3 ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ์™€์œ„ํ—˜์ˆ˜์ค€ 4 ๊ณต์ •์˜๋‹จ์ˆœ, ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์ •๋„ 5 ํ‰๊ฐ€์ž์˜๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์ ์‘๋ฐํ™œ์šฉ๋„ 6 ์‹œ์šด์ „๊ณต์ข…์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ๋ฐ˜์˜ 7 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๋ฐํ‰๊ฐ€์ผ์ • 5.2.4. ์šด์˜ Flow Fig. 8. process Flow. 5.2.5. ๊ณต์ข…ํ‰๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋ก€ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋‹จ์œ„์ž‘์—…์ค‘ Pipe Rack ์„ค์น˜๊ณต์‚ฌ์—๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ S ์‚ฌํ•ด์™ธํ˜„์žฅ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์‚ฌ๋ก€, ๊ณต์ข…๋ณ„์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ๋“ฑ๊ฒฝํ—˜์น˜๋ฅผ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์ถ•์ ๋œ S ์‚ฌํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ณต์‚ฌ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ Template ๋ฅผ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœํ•˜์—ฌ FMEA ๋ฅผ์•„๋ž˜์™€๊ฐ™์ด์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ธฐ์™€๊ฐ™์ด Pipe rack ์„ค์น˜๊ณต์‚ฌ์™€๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ์ž์žฌ๋ฐ˜์ž…๋ฐ์šด๋ฐ˜, ๋ถ€์žฌ์ธ์–‘๋ฐ์กฐ๋ฆฝ, Grating ์„ค์น˜ 3 ๊ฐ€์ง€๋‹จ์œ„์ž‘์—…์—๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ FMEA Sheet ๋ฅผ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”์•„๋ž˜ํ‘œ์™€๊ฐ™๋‹ค. FMEA ๋ฅผํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Pipe rack ์„ค์น˜๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜์ž ์žฌ์ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์œ ํ˜•, Table 12. Transportation of materials. 1 108 Cut of Slings 2 100 No installation of Tag Lines 3 96 No installation of Stopper 4 81 No set-up of off limits Severity 9 5 48 Employees' unsafe act Table 13. Lifting and assembly. 1 252 Cut of Slings 2 240 No installation of Lifelines 3 140 No installation of Body harness's hanger 4 120 Insufficient installation of safety net 5 105 Insufficient installation of Outrigger's support 88 Journal of the KOSOS, Vol. 28, No. 4, 2013

FMEA ๋ฅผํ™œ์šฉํ•œํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ณต์‚ฌ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 2) RPN ์ด 100 ์ด์ƒ์ธ์ž‘์—…๋ฐ์ž ์žฌ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์›์ธ์ž์žฌ๋ฐ˜์ž…๋ฐ์šด๋ฐ˜์ž‘์—…์‹œ์Šฌ๋ง๋ฒจํŠธํŒŒ๋‹จ, ๋‹ฌ์ค„๋ฏธ์„ค์น˜๊ฐ€ RPN 100 ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์žฌ์ธ์–‘๋ฐ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์ž‘์—…์‹œ๋Š”์•ˆ์ „๋Œ€๊ฑธ์ด๋ฏธ์„ค์น˜, ์ถ”๋ฝ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ง๋ฏธ์„ค์น˜, ์•„์›ƒํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ์ง€์ง€๋Œ€๋ฏธํก์ด RPN 100 ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ Grating ์„ค์น˜์ž‘์—…์‹œ๋Š”์ž‘์—…๋ฐœํŒ๋ฏธ์„ค์น˜, ์ž‘์—…์ˆœ์„œ๋ฏธ์ค€์ˆ˜, ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฎ๊ฐœ์„ค์น˜๋ฏธํก์ด RPN 100 ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„์ค‘์ ์ ์ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐ์‹œ์ •์กฐ์น˜ํ™œ๋™์ด์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. 3) ์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„๋†’์€์ž‘์—…๋ฐ์ž ์žฌ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์›์ธ RPN ๊ฐ’๊ณผ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„๊ฐ€๋†’์€์ž‘์—…์€์ž์žฌ๋ฐ˜์ž…๋ฐ์šด๋ฐ˜์ž‘์—…์‹œ์ถœ์ž…๊ธˆ์ง€์กฐ์น˜๋ฏธ์‹ค์‹œ์™€ Grating ์„ค์น˜์ž‘์—…์‹œ์•ˆ์ „๋Œ€๊ฑธ์ด๋ฏธ์„ค์น˜๊ฐ€๋†’์€๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋™์‹œ์—๊ทธ์—์ƒ์‘ํ•˜๋Š”์„ธ๋ถ€๊ฐœ์„ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ด์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๋˜๊ณ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด์•ผํ• ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋˜์–ดํ˜‘์˜์ฒดํšŒ์˜๋ฅผํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ RPN 100 ์ด์ƒ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ Risk ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์„ธ๋ถ€๋Œ€์ฑ…์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๊ณผ๊ณต์ข…์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ์ธํ•œ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๋ณต์žก Risk ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” S-PCM ๋Œ€์ƒํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ข…์ ‘์ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๋ณต์žก Risk ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์˜ S-PCM ์„ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์„ธ๋ถ€๋Œ€์ฑ…๋ฐ์กฐ์œจ์„ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ์—…๋ฌด๋ถ„์žฅ์„์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ์ „ Risk ํ•ด์†Œ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์„œ์‹คํ˜„๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์‹ค์งˆ์ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ 2 ์ฐจ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ํŒ์ •์‹œ 1 ์ฐจํŒ์ •๋Œ€๋น„ RPN ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜๊ฐ์‡„ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์„ํ™•์ธํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1 ์ฐจ๋ฐ 2 ์ฐจ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ (RPN) ํŒ์ •์„ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ด์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋œ Fig. 9. Examples of FMEA(pipe rack). Table 14. Installation of grating. 1 144 No installation of working platform 2 140 Not following of working order 3 108 Insufficient installation of open hole cover 4 90 Top and bottom simultaneous work 5 64 No installation of Body harness's hanger Severity 8 ์˜ํ–ฅ, ์›์ธ๋“ฑ์„๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณธ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ค‘์ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ž‘์—…์€์•„๋ž˜์™€๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1) RPN ์ด๊ฐ€์žฅ๋†’์€์ž‘์—…๋ฐ์ž ์žฌ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์›์ธ์ฒ ๊ณจ๋ถ€์žฌ์ธ์–‘๋ฐ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์ž‘์—…์‹œ์Šฌ๋ง๋ฒจํŠธํŒŒ๋‹จ, ์ƒ๋ช…์ค„๋ฏธ์„ค์น˜๊ฐ€ RPN 240 ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๊ฐ€์žฅํฐ์ค‘์ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์šฐ์„ ์œ„ํ—˜ Table 15. High-risk group. Transportation of materials 1 108 Cut of Slings S-PCM 2 100 No installation of Tag Lines Lifting and assembly 1 252 Cut of Slings S-PCM 2 240 No installation of Lifelines 3 140 No installation of Body harness's hanger S-PCM 4 120 Insufficient installation of safety net 5 105 Insufficient installation of Outrigger's support Installation of grating 1 144 No installation of working platform S-PCM 2 140 Not following of working order 3 108 Insufficient installation of open hole cover Table 16. Secondary evaluation. Transportation of materials 1 104 Cut of Slings Lifting and assembly 1 120 Cut of Slings ํ•œ๊ตญ์•ˆ์ „ํ•™ํšŒ์ง€, ์ œ 28 ๊ถŒ์ œ 4 ํ˜ธ, 2013 ๋…„ 89

๊น€ํ˜ธ๋ฏผ ์šฐ์ธ์„ฑ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”์ผ์ƒ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, RPN 100 ์ด์ƒ์œ„ํ—˜์ง€์ˆ˜๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ตฐ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”์ง‘์ค‘๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์‚ฌ์—…์žฅ์—์„œ๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํžˆ๋„์ถœ๋œ Risk ์—๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ Risk ํ—ˆ์ˆ˜์ œ๊ฑฐ์™€์ ˆ๋Œ€์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์ ์ถœ์„ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ Point ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ์ง‘์ค‘์œผ๋กœ์šด์˜ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. 5.3. ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋Œ€๋น„ FMEA ์ ์šฉ์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ์šด์˜ํšจ๊ณผ ํ˜„ํ–‰์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์—๊ฒ€์ถœ๋„ (Detection) ๋ฅผ๊ฐ€๋ฏธํ•œ FMEA ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„๋„์ž…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์‚ฌ์ „์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ๋ณ„์„ธ๋ถ€๋Œ€์ฑ…์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์„ํ†ตํ•œ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ๊ฐ์‡„๋ฐ์šด์˜ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š”์•„๋ž˜์™€๊ฐ™์•˜๋‹ค. Table 17. Operation effect. Division Risk grade Risk Reduction Measures Apply to object current Risk Assessment Likelihood Severity Risk reduction measures from one-time risk identification General Process Plant FMEA Application Likelihood Severity Detection Risk reduction measures from secondary risk identification Multiple Fast Track Business Unit 6. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  Remarks FMEA method determines level of risk from not only risk itself but also causation factors. FMEA application for the general process plant shall be reason of inefficient operation due to excessive measures. ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋Š”๊ณต์ข…์ด๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ ๋™์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ณตํ•ฉ๊ณต์ข…์ดํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ์‹œ๊ณต๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์šด์˜์—ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์‹œ์šด์ „๊ณต์ข…์ด์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š”ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ฑ์—์˜๊ฑฐ์žฌํ•ด๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„์ฆ๋Œ€๋ฐ๋Œ€ํ˜•์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ ๊ฐœ์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด๋†’๊ณ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์ธ์ ๋ฐ๋ฌผ์ ์†์‹ค์ดํฌ๊ณ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ์‚ฌ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™•๋ฆฝ์„ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ์ž ์žฌ๋œ Risk ๋ฅผ์‚ฌ์ „์—๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜์—ฌ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š”ํ™œ๋™์ด๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” FMEA ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ณต์‚ฌ์ค‘์ƒ๊ธฐ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ์ œ์‹œํ•œ Pipe Rack ์„ค์น˜๊ณต์ข…์—๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ์•„๋ž˜์™€๊ฐ™์€๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1) RPN ์ด๋†’์€์ค‘์ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ญ๋ชฉ์˜์ง์ ‘์ ์›์ธ์€๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ์ƒํƒœ๋ฐฉ์น˜๊ฐ€์ฃผ์š”ํ•ต์‹ฌ KEY Factor ๋กœ๋ถ„์„๋์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถˆ ์•ˆ์ „์ƒ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ๋Š”์•ˆ์ „์‹œ์„ค, ์ž‘์—…๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด์ฃผ์š”์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ„์„๋๋‹ค. 2) ๋˜ํ•œ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ์ƒํƒœ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์†Œํ™€, ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์ž‘์—…์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋“ฑ์ด์ฃผ์š”์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ„์„๋๋‹ค. 3) ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ณต์‚ฌ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ Data ๋ถ€์žฌ๋กœํ‰๊ฐ€์ž์˜์ฃผ๊ด€์—๋”ฐ๋ผ RPN ๊ฐ’์˜์ฐจ์ด๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ FMEA Sheet ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ตœ์ข…ํ˜‘์˜์ฒดํšŒ์˜๋ฐ S-PCM ์„ํ†ตํ•ด RPN ์„๊ฐ์‡„ํ•˜๋Š”์šด์˜๋ฐฉ์‹ Tool ์„ Process ์—๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ๋ฐœ์ „์ ์ธ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” FMEA ๋ฅผํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ณต์‚ฌ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์‹œ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„, ์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„, ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋„๋ฅผ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ์œ„ํ—˜์˜์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„์„ ์ •๋ฐ์ง‘์ค‘๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผํ†ตํ•œํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ์‚ฌ์ „์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ™œ๋™์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ์ง€์†์ ์ธํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ณต์ข…๋ณ„์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ Date Base, NearMiss, ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ฑ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ์ง‘์•ฝํ•˜๋Š”์ž๋ฃŒ์ถ•์ ์ด์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•œ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. References 1) Y. C. Yang, H. Choi and J. J. Kim, A Study of Methods on Safety Checklist Improvement and Integrated Operation with Schedule for Construction Accident Prevention, Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 123~135, 2004. 2) Y. S. Kim, Approach to Method of Process Failure Mode and Effect Analysis for Construction Industry, Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2002. 3) H. S. Hong, S. J. Yeo, Y. Heun J. and C. D. Kim, A Study on the Development of Checklist for Safety Management of Frequently occurred Accident Process in Steel Structural Work, Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2004. 4) S. S. Go, H. S. and H. M. Lee, Development of the Safety Information Management System according to the Risk Index for the Building Construction Work, Architectural Institute of Korea, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 113~120, 2005. 5) Y. T. Hong, J. H. Yu, G. H. Lim and H. S. Lee, Evaluation of Time-Affecting Factors in High-Rise Building Construction using FMEA, Architectural Institute of Korea, Vol. 20, No. 10, pp. 183~192, 2004. 6) G. Carter1 and S. D. Smith, Safety Hazard Identification on Construction Project, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 132, No. 2, pp. 197~205, 2006. 90 Journal of the KOSOS, Vol. 28, No. 4, 2013