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2007, Vol. 51, No. 2 Printed in the Republic of Korea xw yw w w» e w z Á Á y Áw # Á k * w yw w w w w w # w w w (2006. 10. 30 ) Influences of Current Education Programs for Preservice Chemistry Teachers upon Preservice Science Teachers' Self-Images as Science Teachers Hunsik Kang, Sukjin Shin, Jeongho Cha, JaeYoung Han #, and Taehee Noh* Department of Chemistry Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-748, Korea Department of Science Education, Chuncheon National University of Education, Chuncheon 200-703, Korea Division of Science Education, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 712-714, Korea # School of Science Education, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea (Received October 30, 2006). Draw-A-Science-Teacher-Test Checklist(DASTT-C) w ü xw w w w» e w w. 3 w w z, yw ( w w yw œ) 3w 72, 4w 53 z DASTT-C w., ü w w» w w w. w w ü š w z w w ƒ. z w w w» w. w» w e w -w x, x w. w w w. : w», DASTT-C ABSTRACT. This study examined the influences of current education programs for preservice chemistry teachers upon preservice science teachers self-images as science teachers by using Draw-A-Science-Teacher-Test Checklist (DASTT-C). Seventy-two juniors and fifty-three seniors were selected from the department of chemistry education or department of science education (chemistry major) in three colleges of education. DASTT-C was administered to the juniors before having science education courses, and to the seniors before and after teaching practices. The results revealed that preservice science teachers self-images as science teachers were more teacher-centered than student-centered. Only a few preservice science teachers exhibited student-centered images after having science education courses including the contents on constructivism. The self-images of some preservice science teachers even changed from student-centered to teacher-centered after having teaching practices. Many preservice science teachers answered that the main factors affected to their self-images as science teachers were prior teaching-learning experiences and/or the lim- 201

202 z Á Á yáw Á k itations in the real situations. Educational implications of these findings are discussed. Keywords: Self-image As Science Teacher, DASTT-C 1980 z w w q w w w w w z w w zw w w eš. p w x w, w š» w ü, -w, w sƒ, w v j w eš. ù w t 1 sw jš š, w š e w j w. ù x w w š ƒw wš ww wš, w y w. x y 2,3 w» w w yƒ, x w w œ w. 4 w w y j» w w v, ƒ ü, z -w w (PCK: pedagogical contents knowledge) ƒ w. 5.6 ù w w w e. 7-9 w, -w x mw x m ü ü ƒ e w w ù, šw w š š 10. 11, p w x ùƒ» l ƒ w w v ƒ. w w ü z zw» w xw w e w w ƒ w w. w ù w mw ù ù, w 12 ew. x 2,13 w w w e w k wš z w» w w mw w v ƒ. ù ¾ x w w 14-18 w w ù w w w. w, ù xk mw w, mw -w w w ü (mental image) txw» d» w ƒ. -w w w ü 19 y w w e xw w w w zw w. ƒ txw œ, e y ù k, ƒe w œw w w q ƒ w w, w ù pw š xk j z y. 19,20, w w ƒ w w š w w w 21 DASTT-C(Draw-A-Science- Teacher-Test Checklist) w w w w ƒ., DASTT-C w, w, y ƒ d w, w w w e y œw. 21, Thomas 21 DASTT-C w

xw yw w w» e w 203 w 850 w j ( «,, ),» w, ( ), û (,, ) ƒ eq w ƒ e w, l m y p ùkü w w y w w ƒ š wš w ƒƒ 1 w. y y w w «(A w), w. (B w), (C w). z, w ù ¾ DASTT-C y w yw ( w w yw œ) 3w w 10,21,22 x 23 w w w. p y w ƒ, 4w w txw w y y ù ƒ 5 z 6 e w, 19 t, ü DASTT-C ƒ w w., w w w 3w w A w 29, B ƒ ù 24,25 w w 22, C w 21 72. 4w w p w, A w 21 ƒ., B w 19, C w 15 55 ù, ü w z w (A w 5, C w» w 4 ) w ƒ e xw yw w DASTT-C w. w, C w 4w w 2 w w. w yw ù w w ( w w yw œ) y. w w Table 1 w. w yw( w) y w w w, zw, s w( w) ƒ s³ 3w A yw v w w 2.28, B w 4.05, C w 7.43 š, 4w ³ wš, A w 5.67, B w 12.37, C w 11.15 w.. (1) ü w w» p w. w w. (2) ü w w A w, yw (3w 1w»), yw» e w (3w 2w»), yw (4w x w e w. 1w») v wš (3) ü w w. yw ü w w» e w x w, w, w w w e w.. ƒ w w w ü 2007, Vol. 51, No. 2». yw w w yw œ ü w w w w w ƒ wš w( «3, 1, 3, 3, 2 ) w. ù Table 1. Numbers of subjects Junior Senior Pretest Posttest University A 29 21 16 University B 22 19 19 University C 21 12 9 Total 72 52 44

204 z Á Á yáw Á k t w. w, 2-3 w ù y w m ( m 2z sw) w. w s l t xk w. yw ü, STS x, yw x, x w x sww x. ƒ w z, œ y w ù w ù y w xk w. w» z t w x w w. yw ü w w y, w sƒ, m w. B w, w (3w 1w») v wš š, yw yw (3w 2w») y w (4w 1w») ù wwš. w ü w w ù w, -w. w w w t m w š, ù w 1 ~6 ¾ w w. -w w w t w. yw w yw 26 ƒ w, tw xk w š, z w w yw wš w z v xk w., ƒ œw v x» w w x š w ww d. yw x w» w, w» w w ª w w v xk w. C w, yw (3w 2w») y w (4w 1w») v wš. yw ü w w w, w. ƒ w w š, w w w ƒ w» w w ww. yw x œw» w, w w w ƒ ù w -w x w w z, w 15 w xk w., ü ƒ w w w y w š w š.. w w» w» w 21 DASTT-C w w. w w ƒ w w w š, w y w w w. DASTT-C p, w, y ƒ. y ( x,, ƒ ) eù (œ e, ) w 5ƒ w. w w y (, w ) eù ( ) w 3ƒ w. y ù x p (, k, k x, eq, w» ) w 5ƒ w. ƒ w tx 1, tx 0 w, 13., yw tx w mw y w. ü (Cronbach α) 0.81, z ƒ ƒ 0.86, 0.75. w w» w e» w

2007, Vol. 51, No. 2 xw yw w w» e w 205 DASTT-C w 2 š w ƒw., w» w -w x, -w w m, z» xw ù ƒ w. w w ƒ 3 k, w w mw, w z w.. w DASTT-C DASTT-C p w. DASTT- C Louca 27» 0~4 w (student-centered), 5~6 (no decision), 7~13 (teacher-centered) w w., ƒ -w ƒ, ƒ š y ww. w, p w š, sƒ w ü š., w w w š y k üwš w. w, y š w k y w, w w w. 21 w w» p w» w. ƒ w w» e w w» w z( ) w w (w,, ) (%) w. w, DASTT-C (, w, y ) w t t- (independent t-test) w. ƒ w w» e w w» w z w y w y( : w ) w z, w (%) w. z DASTT-C w t t- (dependent t-test) (, w, y ) w. w» w e w w w yw (%) w. w» p w e w, w w w w w wš, w 21,27 w w» w. w, ƒ w ƒ ƒ mww w. DASTT-C w» w 2 ƒ w ƒƒ wš w w e ƒ 0.90 w z, 1 w. w, w w w ww w wš w z, w ƒ, w, w w 10 mw, w w k y wš w. w. 3 w w w, w yw ( w yw œ) w yw w ƒ. ü w xy w» w w y w ùkù w š w w. w, v w, w w» e xw yw w d ww w ƒ. ü w w» w w w Fig. 1

206 z Á Á yáw Á k Fig. 1. Teacher-centered DASTT-C picture and explanation. w. w w w m ƒ., eq ù p w ƒ eš., ù., x. p. Thomas 21 w w w p w w p. ù w ù y y d p ùkû., ƒ x v TVù v l ƒ mw w x ù p w w w p. p p w w ƒ w y ùkü w š w. 21 w, x» x, w x w ICT(Information and Communication Technology)ù CAI(Computer-Assisted Instruction) p y p. w w w w p Thomas 21 w p w y ù Á y w wì w k y ww ù, z w» p (Fig. 2). w, Fig. 2. Student-centered DASTT-C picture and explanation. m y w w y ww w x ù sw. w p w w ƒ» w w w w y p, w 21 mw w ƒ» ù x w wƒ š 1 w. w w» e w w» e w. z w w» w Table 2, DASTT-C w Table 2. Frequencies (and percentages) of preservice science teachers' self-images as science teachers before and after having science education courses Before * (n=72) After ** (n=53) Teacher-centered 60 (83.4) 40 (77.0) No decision 6 ( 8.3) 4 (7.7) Student-centered 6 ( 8.3) 8 (15.3) Total 72 (100.0) 52 (100.0) * Juniors not having science education courses. ** Seniors not having teaching practices.

xw yw w w» e w 207 Table 3. Results of independent t-test on DASTT-C scores Before (n=72) After (n=53) M SD M SD t p Teacher (5) * 3.58 1.14 3.42 1.23 0.79 0.431 Students (3) * 2.50 0.90 2.32 1.02 1.02 0.309 Environment (5) * 3.29 1.34 3.42 1.43-0.48 0.629 Total (13) * 9.38 2.83 9.15 3.26 0.41 0.682 * Full marks. t t- Table 3 w. w w 83.4% w (8.3%) {. DASTT- C s³ 13.00 9.38 r. z (77.0%) wš w (15.3%) ƒw ù w {. DASTT-C s³ 9.15 w ù, ƒ m w. ü w w» m w w, x w x š ü w w z w w. w» x w e., w ( 96.7%, w 100.0%) w» w e ƒ j -w x w., w w š w xw w (45.0%, w A) ù ƒ ¾ (40.0%, w B), ù w x(12.0%) w š w. w wœ w x w w y ƒª w w» w w w š ù ù x w y k¾ w " š w w Ì v p 0)1 w 0)1 ü w p x j ƒ w š ƒw w # ù,» -w x w š ƒw w w w w p ùkü w. w» xw v w w» w. w w ƒ ¾ (66.7%) w w ƒ. ù w x y ù z x y, w y w m mw x ww ùƒ xw w š w. w C ƒ w ü. w w z w w t wšš» û w» ƒò v w š w $ 2007, Vol. 51, No. 2

208 z Á Á yáw Á k z w w» w e -w x( 75.0%, w 62.5%) w. w, w š w xw w (32.5%) ù ƒ ¾ (22.5%), ù w x(20.0%) w, x w. w w z ¾ xw m w w š. w w 37.5% ù w x w. ù w ù w mw w w w ƒ w ww š w. w. w ü w p œw ƒw»z z ƒw»z œw z w w % w š w ( 67.5%, w 50.0%), yw ( w) yw w j š w w., 55.0% y w ù y w x, x w x x w w x w» w š w. w. w w x ùq» w ù wü» ƒ ü e w üƒ w w ü w w & ù ww ù w w, x y w w» w w. 3 x w -w x ù w ƒ w y w» š, x y w ww w w k x w š w. w, x w w l w m -w x w z j w š š. w 11 m -w x mw w w w x w y w -w x w w» ùkû ƒ. 28 wr, w 8 w 4 (50.0%) yw x w m mw w x w,. yw w x ƒ j w y w x zwš y wƒ x ƒ yw x ¾» üƒwš w ' Thomas 10 Pederson m y j» w ü ü ƒ e w š w.

xw yw w w» e w 209, w w» w -w x z œw» w š w v ƒ. ù w w A w w š, ù w. w w ƒ w e w w d w v ƒ. w w» e w w» e w. z w w» y w w Table 4, z DASTT-C w t t- Table 5. w 94.4%ƒ z š. w Table 4. Frequencies (and percentages) of the change of preservice science teachers' self-images as a science teachers after having teaching practices Before After N (%) Teacher-centered (n=36) No decision (n=3) Student-centered (n=5) Teacher-centered 34 (94.4) No decision 1 (2.8) Student-centered 1 (2.8) Teacher-centered 2 (66.7) No decision 1 (33.3) Student-centered - Teacher-centered 4 (80.0) No decision - Student-centered 1 (20.0) 5 w 4 (80.0%) 3 w 2 (66.7%) w., ƒ ü ù Á ww š, w p w m ù k y w, ü w ƒ, k, eq, k x. ù z ƒ w x ù v TV w wwš, w š. z DASTT-C m w ƒ. xw ü w x w y j z w, m y k ƒ w. wr, w w ƒ x wwš w g ù, z w x wwš, z w w w w. w z w x w ww w v wš w w y w»» š w. y, w w w k ƒ w š, mw w ƒw. -w y w v w. Table 5. Results of dependent t-test on DASTT-C scores Pretest (n=44) Posttest (N=44) M SD M SD t p Teacher 3.55 1.23 3.89 1.02-1.48 0.145 Students 2.48 0.93 2.70 0.70-1.43 0.160 Environment 3.61 1.28 3.50 1.12 0.45 0.657 Total 9.64 3.04 10.11 2.35-0.84 0.404 2007, Vol. 51, No. 2

210 z Á Á yáw Á k w» x w e. z š w w 38.2%ƒ» ww x w» w š w. w. ƒ w x j š ƒ w w œ wü ƒ w ( w w e 29 w wwš, mw ƒ š y» ùkû š ƒw. w y k» y k š. 30 x, w,, w m w y ù» w w t. p, z š w w w (47.1%) w w w w (75.0%). x w w» e w j w.. mw x ù w k w šx Ñ ƒ w w ¾ š w w f» w x w w m w x w m w»ƒ šw x w ƒ w w w w ) x w w šƒú x w w x w w *» m -w x w -w x e w w w ù, w 30 w 31 w mw w. w, w x w m w z Ï m z w x 14 w. w z» w w v ƒ. w» w DASTT-C w xw yw ü w w» e w w., ü w w» w w w. w w ü š w z w w. z w w w» w. w» w e w w x, x w. w x w y w w x w w, w ƒ w w. ù xw 7,32 yw w w» w. p, w y

2007, Vol. 51, No. 2 xw yw w w» e w 211 w w y w š wš ƒ ùkù xw yw yƒ v w w. w y j z w xw yw w w., x w -w x œ w w ƒ y w, z w -w x œw v ƒ. w, w x x w m z j»ƒ ù kû, w x ü w w k v ƒ. w mw» w x w» w»z œw xw w t -w x, x 33 w z w x w» w w v., x w x w m m y j x, y w ù x w w. w, w w w y ƒ w e w ù w w z w, sƒ w w š w. w y w» w x w w» w v w. ù ƒ ww w ƒ š», w w, ƒ š v w. x w ƒ y j» w w w y j», x w 5,6 w y j w w. 2006 ( w» ) w w w (No. R01-2006-000-10675-0). x 1. x;. w w wz. 2002, 22, 820. 2.. š w w w -w w. w w w. 2004. 3... 2001, 7, 5. 4. û.. 2003, 16, 179. 5.. w w wz. 2006, 26, 527. 6. van Driel, J. H.; Beijaard, D.; Verloop, N. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 2001, 38, 137. 7. ; x. w w wz. 1999, 19, 340. 8. ;. w w wz. 2002, 22, 632. 9. Hashweh, M. Z. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 1996, 33, 47. 10. Thomas, J. A.; Pedersen, J. E. School Science and Mathematics. 2003, 103, 319. 11. Pajares, M. F. Review of Educational Research. 1992, 62, 307. 12. Tobin, K. International Journal of Science Education. 1993, 15, 241. 13. Simmons, P. E.; Emory, A.; Carter, T.; Coker, T.; Finnegan, B.; Crockett, D.; Richardson, L.; Yager, R.; Craven, J.; Tillotson, J.; Brunkhorst, H.; Twiest, M.; Hossain, K.; Gallagher, J.; Duggan-Haas, D.; Parker, J.; Cajas, F.; Alshannag, Q.; McGlamery, S.; Krockover, J.; Adams, P.; Spector, B.; LaPorta, T.; James, B.; Rearden, K.; Labuda, K. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 1999, 36, 930. 14.. w wz. 2002, 23, 242. 15. ;. w w wz. 1995, 15, 104. 16.. w w wz. 2000, 20, 244. 17. Porlán, R.; del Pozo, R. M. Journal of Science Teacher Education. 2004, 15, 39. 18. Southerland, S. A.; Gess-Newsome, J. Science Education. 1999, 83, 131. 19. Weber, S.; Mitchell, C. Teaching and Teaching Education. 1996, 12, 303. 20. White, R.; Gunstone, R. Probing understanding; The Falmer Press: London, U. K., 1992. 21. Thomas, J. A.; Pedersen, J. E.; Finson, K. Journal of

212 z Á Á yáw Á k Science Teacher Education. 2001, 12, 295. 22. Finson, K. D. Journal of Elementary Science Education. 2001, 13, 31. 23. Finson, K. D.; Thomas, J.; Pedersen, J. School Science and Mathematics. 2006, 106, 8. 24.. w. 1997, 9, 39. 25. ; ½ z. w w wz. 2004, 24, 1082. 26. ; ; ; ; œ k; «x ; ½ x; û ; ; ; x ; x; y; «; y. yw ; e : q, w, 2004. 27. Louca, P.; Rigas, P.; Valanides, N. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Science Education; Papastylianou, A., Ed.; ARLO Ltd.: Nicosia, Cyprus, 2002; p 242. 28. Bryan, L. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 2003, 40, 835. 29. Clark, C. M.; Peterson, P. L. In Handbook of research on teaching; Wittrock, M. C.; Ed.; Macmilian: New York, U. S. A., 1986, p 255. 30. Hancock, E. S.; Gallard, A. J. Journal of Science Teacher Education. 2004, 15, 281. 31. Haney, J. J.; McArthur, J. Science Education. 2002, 86, 783. 32. Marra, R. Learning Environments Research. 2005, 8, 135. 33. k,. w. 2002, 6, 407.