단원 4: 동식물의적응화 주요개념 : 4.1 : 생물들이어떻게영양분을섭취하고, 호흡하며, 생식하는지그리고, 몸에쌓인불순물을어떻게배출하는지설명하라 4.2 : 식물들이생존하기위해서어떻게환경에적응해야하는지설명하라 4.3 : 동물들이생존하기위해서어떻게환경에적응해야하는지설명하라 * 구조및기능 ( 예, 날개, 지느러미, 비늘, 깃털, 모피, 등 ) * 동물들은환경의변화에반응한다는이해 ( 심장박동, 눈깜빡거림, 전율 ) * 동물들은계절의변화에따라함께변화한다 - 동면 ( 겨울잠 ) - 이주 ( 필요에따라서한장소에서다른장소로이동 ) 사람도포함된다. 4.4 : 생물들의두가지특징을인식하라 * 유전된특징 ( 꽃색깔, 눈색깔 ) * 학습된 / 습득한특징 ( 수영할수있는능력, 흉터 ) 단원개괄모든생물들은기본적인욕구가있다. 음식, 물, 공기, 그리고보금자리가그것이다. 생물들은여러다양한방법으로그들의필요를충족한다. 기본적인필요를채우는것은쉬운일은아니지만, 살기위해서반드시해야만하는일이다. 동식물은필요를충족하기위해서적응화를해왔다. 적응화라는것은몸의일부를말하거나, 부모로부터물려받은행동을의미한다. 이는생존에유리한것이다. Unit 4:Plant and Animal Adaptations Key Ideas: 4.1: Describe how all living things grow, take in nutrients, breathe, reproduce and eliminate waste 4.2: Describe how plants must adapt to their environment in order to survive 4.3: Describe how animals must be adapted to their environment in order to survive * Structures and their functions (e.g., wings, legs, fins, scales, feathers, fur, etc.) * Understand that animals respond to change in the environment (e.g., heart rate, eye blinking, shivering) * Animals change as seasons change - Hibernation - Migration (i.e., moving from place to place to meet needs) including humans 4.4: Recognize that traits of living things are both * Inherited (color of flowers, eye color). * Learned/acquired (being able to swim, having scars). Unit Overview All livings things have the same basic needs. They are food, water, air, and shelter. Living things meet their needs in a variety of ways. Meeting basic needs isn t always easy, but living things must do it to survive. Plants and animals have adaptations that help them meet their needs. An adaptation is a body part or a behavior that a living thing gets from its parents, and that helps it to survive. 생물이생식할때, 그자손은부모의특징을물려받는다. 대부분의특징은유전적요소와양육의조화를통해서발전하게된다. 양육은당신의삶에서 When living things reproduce, the offspring will carry the parents traits. Most traits develop through a combination of heredity and nurture. Nurture is everything Science Bilingual Study Notes Gr. 4 & 5 Unit 4 Page 1
일어나는모든것이다 - 당신이사는장소, 당신이아는사람, 당신이하는모든행위, 이모든것을포함한다. 양육은특징을형성하는데에많은영향을미친다. in your life where you live, the people you know, and the activities you do. Nurture influences many traits. Science Bilingual Study Notes Gr. 4 & 5 Unit 4 Page 2
4 단원 : 동식물의적응화 Unit 4:Plant and Animal Adaptations 핵심문제 : 동식물들은살기위해서어떻게 Essential Question: How are plants and 환경에순응하는가? animals well-suited to live in their 주요개념 4.1 : 모든생물들이어떻게자라나고, 영양분을섭취하고, 숨을쉬며, 생식하고, 또한불순물을배출하는지설명하라. 과학용어 :1. 외골격 2. 변형 3. 발아 4. 포자 5. 잎 6. 배우체 7. 포자체 8. 탈피 9. 전분 10. 유대동물 11. 태아 12. 양서동물내용 : environments? Key Idea 4.1: Describe how all living things grow, take in nutrients, breathe, reproduce and eliminate waste. Scientific Terms: 1. exoskeletons 2. metamorphoses 3. germination 4. spores 5. fronds 6. gametophyte 7. sporophyte 8. molt 9. starch 10. marsupials 11. embryo 12. amphibians Content: * 생물의특징 : - 일생동안성장한다 - 영양분을필요로한다 ( 영양분은에너지를얻고성장에필요한물질이다 ) - 생식을통해서자신의종자를번식한다 - 한싸이클의삶을산후에죽는다. * 생물이아닌것 : 살아있지않은것이다. 그래서, 그들은영양분을필요로하지않는다. 생식을하지못한다. * 어떻게생물은성장하는가? 동식물이자라고생존하는데에음식 / 양분이필요하다. 음식 / 양분은동식물이성장하는데에필요한에너지를제공하며동식물이자라는데에꼭필요한물질이다. 식물은태양에너지를당분과녹말로바꾼다. 이러한요소들은잎과꽃, 그리고열매를맺는데에사용된다. 식물은약간의당분을녹말로바꿔서저장한다. 식물이살고자라는데에필요한당분과녹말은그들의뿌리, 줄기, 잎, 열매, 그리고씨에저장된다. * Characteristics of living things: - They grow during their lives, - They need nutrients. (Nutrients are substances a living thing needs for energy and growth.) - They can make more of their own kind through reproduction (producing young, or more of its own kind). - They die at the end of their life cycles. * Nonliving things: They are not alive, so they do not need nutrients. They cannot reproduce. * How do living things grow? Plants and animals need food in order to grow and to live. Food supplies the energy and the materials that are necessary for plants and animals to grow. Plants grow by turning the sun s energy into sugar and starches which they use to make leaves, flowers, and fruits. Plants change some sugars and store them as starches. The sugars and starches that plants use to live and grow might be stored in their roots, stems, leaves, fruits and seeds. Science Bilingual Study Notes Gr. 4 & 5 Unit 4 Page 1
생명주기씨에서성장하는식물 : 씨앗은발아되기적당할때까지땅속에머물러있다. 그런다음, 묘목으로자라나게된다. 꽃은벌에게즙을제공한다. 벌은꽃가루를다른꽃으로이동시킴으로꽃가루에있는정자가난자와결합하게된다. 꽃은씨를가진과일로변한다. 동물들은그과일을먹고씨를다른새로운장소에배출하여퇴적시킨다. 포자에서성장하는식물 ( 예, 양치류 ): 포자송이는양치류잎에서성장한다. 포자는송이로부터방출된다. 포자는습한지면에내려않고, 그것이배우체가되는것이다. 배우체는정자와난자를생산한다. 정자와난자는수정을하고수정된난자는돌돌말린잎으로자라난다. 그잎은펴지고양치류잎으로자라남으로아포체가되는것이다. Life-Cycle Plants from seeds: Seeds stay in the ground until conditions are right for germination. Then they grow into seedlings. A flower provides nectar for bees. The bees carry pollen to another flower. Sperm cells in the pollen join with egg cells. Flowers turn into fruit with seeds inside. Animals eat the fruit and deposit the seeds in a new area. Plants from spores ( for example, fern): Clusters of spores grow on the fern fronds. Spores are released from the clusters. Spores land on damp ground. They grow into heart-shaped plants. This is the gametophyte generation. The gametophytes produce sperm and eggs. The sperm fertilize the eggs. The fertilized eggs develop into fiddleheads. The fiddleheads uncurl and grow into fern fronds. This is the sporophyte generation. 동물들은그들이먹는음식으로부터필요한에너지를얻는다. 동물들은그들스스로가몸에필요한에너지를만들수는없기때문에반드시먹어야한다. 동물들이뿌리인당근을먹을때, 과일인토마토를먹을때혹은줄기인아스파라거스를먹을때, 그들은식물안에저장되어있는당분과녹말을먹게된다. 동물들은다양한방법으로성장발전한다. 닭이나말같이내골격을가진동물들은뼈가몸안에있기때문에자라나지만그형태를바꿀수는없다. 단지더크게만자라나는것이다. 외골격을가진동물들, 즉거미나왕새우같은동물들은성장할때에껍질을벗는다. 왜냐하면, 그들이성장하는만큼외골격이자라나지않기때문이다. 이러한동물들은반드시껍질을벗어야하거나털을갈아야 Animals get the energy they need from the food they eat. They cannot make their own food. They must eat. When animals eat carrots, which are roots, or tomatoes, which are fruits, or asparagus, which are stems, they are eating the sugars and starches that the plant stored. Animals grow and develop in different ways. Animals with internal skeletons, such as chickens and horses: The bones inside their bodies grow and they do not change form. They just grow bigger. Animals with exoskeletons, such as spiders and crayfish: These animals shed their hard outer covering when they grow. Because the exoskeletons do not grow as they grow, the animals must shed, or molt, their exoskeletons. Each time the animal Science Bilingual Study Notes Gr. 4 & 5 Unit 4 Page 2
한다. 이러한동물들은껍질을벗을때마다조금씩자라난다. 그런다음, 그것은새롭고큰개체로자라나는것이다. 다른동물들즉나비나나방등은변형의과정을거친다. 이것은몸의형태가바뀌는것을말한다. 먼저, 그들은알에서부화함으로애벌레나모충이된다. 애벌레나모충은성장하여그형태를다시바꿔서번데기나고치가된다. 고치나애벌레상태에서모충은번데기로불린다. 그다음으로번데기는형태를다시바꿔성충나비나나방이되는것이다. molts, it grows a little bigger. Then it grows a new and larger shell. Other animals, such as butterflies and moths, go through a process called metamorphoses. This means that their bodies change form. First they hatch from the egg as a larva or caterpillar. The larva or caterpillar then eats, grows and forms a chrysalis or cocoon. Inside the cocoon or chrysalis, the caterpillar is called a pupa. The pupa then changes form and an adult butterfly or moth will emerge. 동물들은서로자라나는속도가다르다. 과일파리는성충으로자라는데 10 일이걸린다. 개는사람보다일곱배나빠르게성장한다. 호흡 : 물고기가물에서호흡할때, 물이아가미를통과한다. 물고기는그물로부터산소를흡수하고, 산소는몸으로전달된다. 산소를뺀나머지물은몸으로배출된다. 불순물배출 : 동물들은몸안의불순물을배출한다. 그들은숨쉴때도불순물을배출한다. 이산화탄소는몸의불순물로서몸밖으로배출된다. 식물은산소를불순물로배출한다. 생식식물 : 식물의꽃은열매를생산하고, 열매는씨를포함한다. 그씨는다시새로운식물로자라나게된다. 동물 : 거의모든동물들은수정된난자로부터생겨난다. 수정된난자는정자와결합한난자를말한다. 고양이, 사람같은포유동물은엄마의배속에서삶이시작된다. Animals grow at different rates. A fruit fly grows to be an adult in about 10 days. A dog develops about seven times faster than a human. Breathe: When a fish opens its mouth water comes in and washes over the gills. They absorb oxygen from the water and pass it into the fish s body. Waste water goes out through the slits. Eliminate waste: Animals release waste products. They also release waste products when they breathe. They release carbon dioxide as a waste product. Plants release oxygen as a waste product. Reproduction Plants: Flowers of the plants produce fruit, and the fruit contains seeds. The seeds grow into new plants. Animals: Almost all animals come from fertilized eggs. Fertilized eggs are eggs that have joined with sperm cells. Mammals, such as kittens and humans, begin life inside a mother. Marsupials are mammals that don t Science Bilingual Study Notes Gr. 4 & 5 Unit 4 Page 3
유대류포유동물은어미의몸속에있을때완전히성장하지않는다. 그들은완전히성장하기위해서어미의주머니에머물러있어야한다. 캥거루가유대류포유동물의한예다. 많은조류들이둥지에알을낳는다. 알은안에있는태아를보호하기위해서껍질이있다. 많은어린새들이부화될때에, 깃털이없다. 부화된새는단지먹이와따뜻하게몸이유지되는것이필요할뿐이다. 대부분의파충류들도알을낳는다. 그러나, 파충류는부화될때부터이미그들스스로살아갈준비가되어있다. 어류와양서류는물에알을낳는다. 물고기가부화될때, 그들은어미와똑같은모양으로나온다. 그들은날때부터스스로살아갈준비가되어있다. 복습 : 1. 동식물은성장하기위해서무엇이필요한가? 2. 외골격을가진동물들은어떻게자라나는가? 3. 어떤동물들이내골격을가지고있는가? 4. 어떤동물들이변형이되는가? 5. 식물이배출해내는불순물은무엇인가? 6. 어떤동물들이부화직후부터살아갈준비가되어있는가? develop fully inside the mother s bodies. They need to stay in the mother s pouch until they get bigger. The kangaroo is an example of a marsupial. Many birds lay eggs in nests. The eggs have shells that protect the growing embryos inside. When many young birds hatch, they have no feathers. They need to be fed and kept warm. Most reptiles also lay eggs. But when reptiles hatch, they are ready to survive on their own. Fish and amphibians lay their eggs in water. When fish hatch, they look just like their parents. They are ready to survive on their own. Review: 1. What do plants and animals need in order to grow? 2. How do animals with exoskeletons grow? 3. What animals have internal skeletons? 4. What animals go through metamorphoses? 5. What is plants waste product? 6. What animals can survive on their own when hatch? Science Bilingual Study Notes Gr. 4 & 5 Unit 4 Page 4
4 단원 : 동식물의적응화 Unit 4:Plant and Animal Adaptations 핵심문제 : 어떻게동식물은환경에 Essential question: How are plants and 적응하며살아가는가? animals well-suited to live in their 주요개념 4.2 : 식물이생존하기위해서어떻게환경에적응해야하는지설명하라. 과학용어 :1. 증발내용 : 식물은생존하기위해서, 환경에적응해야만한다. 식물은환경이다른곳에서는다른잎, 꽃, 줄기, 그리고뿌리를가질수있다. 이러한것들은크기, 모양, 굵기, 색깔, 향기가다르게나타날수있다. 생물의이러한특징은그들이환경에잘적응하기위해서또한종의필요를채우기위해서다르게될수있는것이다. 예로, 선인장같은사막의식물들은물을잎이나줄기에저장한다. 선인장은작은바늘같은잎을가지고있기때문에물이쉽게증발되지않는다. 많은사막식물들은태양의에너지를저장하지만, 한낮의가장뜨거울때는양분을만들지않는다. 수분을잃지않기위해서이다. 씨앗은자라나기위해서공간, 빛, 영양분, 그리고물이필요하다. 어미식물들은그들의씨를최대한멀리퍼뜨리는것이필요하다. 식물의종들은그들의씨앗을퍼뜨리기위해서적응해왔다. 씨를퍼뜨리는데바람에의지해온식물은씨앗이작고, 가볍거나혹은날개같은구조를가지고있고, 흐르는물근처에서식하는식물들은떠가는씨앗과열매를가지고있다. 어떤식물들은씨를퍼뜨리는데에동물들을의지한다. 이런식물들은동물들이관심을가질만한맛이좋고, 먹음직한열매가있다. 환경의변화가있을때, 생물들도반응하거나변화한다. 예를들어, 어떤푸른식물들의잎은빛의방향에따라서위치를바꾼다. 어떤식물들은계절에 environments? Key Idea 4.2: Describe how plants must be adapted to their environment in order to survive. Scientific Terms: 1. evaporate Content: In order to survive in their environment, plants must adapt to that environment. Plants in different environments have different leaves, flowers, stems, and roots. These structures may be different in size, shape, thickness, color, and scent. Structures of living things are different to fit their environment and the needs of the species. For example, plants of the desert, such as cactus, store water in their leaves and trunks. They have small needle-like leaves so water doesn t easily evaporate. Many desert plants store the sun s energy but don t make food during the hot daytime, so that they do not lose water. Seeds need space, light, nutrients and water in order to grow. So parent plants need to spread their seeds far away from themselves. Species of plants have also adapted ways to spread their seeds. Plants that depend on wind to carry seeds have seeds that are tiny and light or have winglike structures. Plants that live near moving water may have seeds or fruit that float. Some plants depend on animals to spread their seeds. These plants must make tasty, colorful fruit to attract animals. When environmental conditions change, living things respond or also change. For example, the leaves of some green plants change position as the direction of light changes. Parts of some plants change with the seasons. Fruit and seeds leave the Science Bilingual Study Notes Gr. 4 & 5 Unit 4 Page 5
따라서몸의일부를바꾸기도한다. 열매와씨앗이식물에서떨어져나간다 ; 잎의색이바뀌거나떨어진다. 후에새잎과꽃이핀다. 자연에서, 종의유기체들은양분과공간, 빛, 물, 그리고짝짓기를위한상대를확보하기위해치열하게경쟁한다. 개별적차이는어떤종에게는생존하고, 생식하는데에더많은기회를주기도한다. 한예로, 큰나무는큰나무의그늘에서살아가는작은나무보다더많은태양빛을얻게된다. 복습 : 1. 선인장은어떻게환경에적응하는가? 2. 식물은환경의변화에어떻게반응하는가? plants; leaves may change color and drop. Later new leaves and flowers grow. In nature, organisms of a species compete fiercely for food, space, light, water and mates. Individual differences give some members of a species a better chance of surviving and reproducing. For example, a tall tree gets more sun than the smaller trees that live in its shade. Review: 1. How is a cactus adapted to its environment? 2. How do plants respond to changes in the environment? Science Bilingual Study Notes Gr. 4 & 5 Unit 4 Page 6
4 단원 : 동식물의적응화 Unit 4:Plant and Animal Adaptations 핵심문제 : 동식물들은살기위해서어떻게 Essential Question: How are plants and 환경에순응하는가? animals well-suited to live in their 주요개념 4.3 : 동물들은생존하기위해서어떻게환경에적응해야만하는지설명하라 * 구조와기능 ( 예로, 날개, 다리, 지느러미, 비늘, 깃털, 모피등 ) * 동물들이환경의변화에반응하는것에대한이해 ( 예, 심장박동수, 눈깜빡거림, 전율 ) * 동물들은계절의변화에따라변화한다. -동면 -이주( 필요를채우기위해한장소에서다른장소로옮기는것 ) 사람을포함해서. environments? Key Idea 4.3: Describe how animals must be adapted to their environment in order to survive. * Structures and their functions (e.g., wings, legs, fins, scales, feathers, fur, etc.) * Understand that animals respond to change in the environment (e.g., heart rate, eye blinking, shivering) * Animals change as seasons change - Hibernation - Migration (i.e., moving from place to place to meet needs) including human 과학용어 :1. 이주 2. 동면 3. 땀 Scientific Terms: 1. migrate 2. hibernate 3. perspire 내용 : Content: 동물들은생존하기위해서환경에 Animals must be adapted to their 적응해야만한다. 종종동물들은변화된 environment in order to survive. Often an 몸으로태어나기도한다. 그것은다른 animal is born with changes to its body that 종보다생존하는데에더좋은기회를 give it a better chance of survival than 준다. 더긴다리를갖는다거나더큰눈을 other animals of its species. Changes such 갖게변화가되면변화가없는동물들보다 as longer legs or larger eyes allow an 더많은먹이를찾게되고더오래살수 animal to find more food and live longer 있게된다. 이러한몸의변화가있는 than those that have not changed. When 동물들이새끼를가졌을때, 그변화가 animals with these body changes have 어린새끼들에게유전된다. 결국은이러한 babies, the changes are passed on to their young. Eventually, the animals with these 특징을가진동물들이가장흔한종이 characteristics become the most common 된다. members of the species. 예로, 박쥐는하늘을나는유일한포유동물이다. 그들의조상은나무에서식하던작은동물들이었다. 수백만년동안이포유동물은한나무에서다른나무로먹이를찾기위해뛰어내리며이동함으로그들의피부에다른피부가생겨나기시작했다. 점점그들의앞발뼈는길어졌고, 긴발톱이얇은살로덮여졌다. 이것이오늘날박쥐의날개가된것이다. For example, bats are the only mammals that fly. Their ancestors were small mammals that lived in trees. Over millions of years, these mammals grew flaps of skin on their bodies. They began to glide from one tree to another to find food. Eventually, the bones of their front feet lengthened. The long fingers were covered with thin skin, which formed the bat s wings. 살쾡이같은동물들은추운겨울을나기 Animals such as lynxes grow more fur for Science Bilingual Study Notes Gr. 4 & 5 Unit 4 Page 7
위해서더많은털을만들어낸다. 이러한털은동물들의몸의열을보호한다. 그들의몸을추위로부터따뜻하게유지시켜주는것이다. 바다표범, 고래, 그리고해마는차가운물에서서식한다. 그들은몸을따뜻하게유지하기위해서피부아래에두꺼운지방층을갖고있다. 동물들은귀를통해서상당한열을발산한다. 흰여우는붉은여우에비해서작은귀를가지고있다. 작은귀는흰여우가몸의열을유지하는데에도움을준다. 펭귄의깃털은차가운물에서도몸이따뜻하게유지되도록돕는다. 바깥쪽깃털은펭귄의몸에물이묻지않도록방수의역할을해주고, 몸안쪽솜털은피부와바깥깃털사이에따뜻한공기가모아져있도록하는역할을한다. 따오기의긴다리와부리는얕은강가를걸으면서강바닥에있는먹이를찾을수있게한다. 황소개구리의눈은머리꼭대기에위치해있다. 이러한눈의위치는몸의다른모든부분들이물에잠겨있으면서도위험을볼수있도록돕는다. 산양의발은발굽으로불리는딱딱한것으로덮여있다. 각발굽은갈라졌고, 바닥은탄력이있어서산양이울퉁불퉁하고돌이많은땅에서안전하게걸을수있도록한다. 동물들도환경의변화에반응한다. 날씨가더워지면, 동물들은땀을흘린다. 날씨가추워지면, 동물들은몸을떤다. 다른변화는눈을깜빡거리거나, 심박동혹은호흡이빨라지는것이다. 동물들은감각을통해서환경의변화를알아낸다. 이러한정보는위험을경고하고먹이감이나짝을찾는데도움이된다. 땀을흘리는것은피부를통해물을내보냄으로여분의열을몸으로부터 the cold winter. This fur insulates the animals. It keeps their body heat in and the cold out. Seals, whales, and walruses all live in coldwater habitats. They have a thick layer of blubber, or fat, under their skin that helps keep their body warm. Animals lose much of their body heat through their ears. The arctic fox has tiny ears compared to those of its cousin, the red fox. The arctic fox s smaller ears help it keep more heat in its body. A penguin s feathers help keep it warm in cold water. The outer feathers are waterproof to keep water away from the penguin s skin. Fluffy feathers called down trap warm air between its skin and its outer feathers. The long legs and beak of the ibis allow it to walk into shallow rivers and find food in the riverbed. A bullfrog s eyes are on the top of its head. This positioning allows the frog to look out for danger without bringing the rest of its body out of the water. A mountain goat s foot has a hard covering called a hoof. Each hoof is split and has a rubbery bottom to give the goat a secure grip on uneven, rocky ground. Animals respond to changes in the environment too. When the weather warms, they perspire. When it cools, they shiver. Other changes cause their eyes to blink, or speed up their hearts and breathing. Animals learn about environmental changes through their senses. This information can warn of danger or help find food and mates. To perspire is to release extra heat by letting water escape through the skin. Animal species have adapted their Science Bilingual Study Notes Gr. 4 & 5 Unit 4 Page 8
방출하는것이다. 동물들은계절의변화에서생존하기위해서그들의행동양식을바꿔왔다. 어떤동물들은더따뜻하거나더추운곳으로이동해간다. 당신은어떤새종류가오직봄과여름에만볼수있었다는것을기억할것이다. 아마도당신은거위가북쪽에서남쪽으로날아가는것을보았을것이다. 다람쥐와곰같은동물들은겨울동안에겨울잠을자며, 몸에저장된지방으로생존한다. 이주는특별히계절의변화에따라한지역에서다른지역으로이동하는것을말한다. behaviors to survive seasonal changes. Some animals may migrate to warmer or cooler climates. You may have noticed that you see certain birds only in the spring and summer. Perhaps you have seen geese flying north or south. Other animals, such as chipmunks and bears, hibernate during the winter by living on stored fat. To migrate is to move from one place to another, usually with the change of seasons. To hibernate is to go to sleep for the winter and live on stored fat. 동면은겨울동안몸에저장된지방으로생존하면서잠을자는것을말한다. 자연에서동물들은먹이와공간, 물과짝짓기대상을얻기위해엄청난경쟁을한다. 예를들어, 가장화려한꼬리를가진공작이짝을찾고생식을할기회를더갖게되는것이다. 어떤동물들의행동은환경의상태에영향을받는다. 조류와어떤동물들은좋은계절이나주변상황이가장적당하게될때에알과새끼를위해서둥지를만든다. 행동이외에도, 동물들의어떤특징들은환경변화에의한상황에따라영향을받곤한다. 예를들어서, 동물들은겨울을준비하기위해서지방을축적하거나, 외피를두껍게만든다. 또한그들은눈에서위장되기위해털색을흰색으로바꾸기도한다. 날씨가다시따뜻해지면, 두꺼운털을벗고, 지방을소모하며, 털의색도원래대로다시바꾼다. 동물들의크기가다른것도이유가있다. 그들의몸크기는생존하는데필요한것들이다. 기린은다른동물들이도달할수 In nature, animals compete fiercely for food, space, light, water and mates. For example, the peacock with the brightest tail has the best chance of attracting mates and reproducing. Some animal behaviors are influenced by environmental conditions. Birds and other animals build nests when the seasons and the conditions are right for the eggs and the young. Besides behavior, certain animal characteristics are influenced by changing environmental conditions. For example, animals may store fat or grow thick coats to prepare for winter. They might also change fur color to white for camouflage in the snow. When the weather warms, they shed their winter fur and fat, and change color again. Animals are the sizes they are for a reason. Their size helps them survive. Giraffes can eat food that other animals cannot reach. They can also spot their enemies quickly. With their long necks, they can see over bushes and trees. Some monkeys can move quickly because they are so small. Their Science Bilingual Study Notes Gr. 4 & 5 Unit 4 Page 9
없는먹이를먹을수가있다. 기린은또한그들의포식자를쉽게발견할수있다. 그들의긴목덕분에, 기린은수풀과나무너머를볼수가있는것이다. 어떤원숭이들은크기가작기때문에아주빠르게움직일수있다. 그들의이런빠른움직임은먹이를얻거나포식자로부터도망가는것에유리하다. 같은개체군중에서도서로다른특성들이존재한다. 이런차이를일컬어변종이라한다. 유기체에서의변종은색, 모양, 그리고크기가포함한다. 변종은개체군의생존에영향을미칠수있다. 그렇게생존하는동물들은생식을통해서이러한새로운특성을자식에게유전시킨다. 예를들어, 섬에는코끼리에게먹잇감이적다. 작은코끼리는큰코끼리에비해서적은먹이가필요하다. 작은코끼리들은섬에서살고생식하기에더유리하였다. 일정한시간이흐른후, 오직작은코끼리만이섬에서살아서서식할수있었다. 색깔도생존에영향을미친다. 같은개체군에두가지각기다른색깔의곤충이있다고가정해보라. 초록색과빨간색의곤충중에초록색곤충이푸른초원에서생존할가능성이높다. 왜냐하면, 빨간색곤충보다쉽게발견되지않기때문이다. 복습 : 1. 동물이땀을흘릴때그들에게무슨일이일어나는가? 2. 동물들이계절의변화에어떻게반응하는지하나의예를들어보라. 3. 환경상태의변화에따라서동물들이어떤특성들을가지는지한예를들어보라. 4. 색깔이생존에어떻게영향을미치는가? speed helps them get food and avoid enemies. There are differences among members of the same population. These differences are called variations. Variations among organisms might include color, shape, or size. Variations can affect the survival of a population. Animals that survive can reproduce. The variations that helped them survive are passed on to their young. For example, an island had too little food for all the elephants. The small elephants needed much less food than the large elephants. They were better able to live and reproduce. After a time, there were only small elephants living on the island. Color can also affect survival. Suppose there are two colors of insects in a population. The two colors are green and red. The green insects are more likely to survive in a grassy place. They are not as easy to find as the red insects. Review: 1. What do animals do when they perspire? 2. Give one example of how an animal responds to changes in the seasons. 3. Give one example of how certain animal characteristics are influenced by changing environmental conditions? 4. How does color affect survival? Science Bilingual Study Notes Gr. 4 & 5 Unit 4 Page 10
단원 4: 동식물의적응화 필수질문 : 동식물들은살기위해서어떻게환경에순응하는가? 주요개념 4.4 : 생물들의두가지특징을인식하라 * 유전된특징 ( 꽃색깔, 눈색깔 ) * 학습된 / 습득한특징 ( 수영할수있는능력, 흉터 ) 과학용어 :1. 특징 2. 유전된 3. 자손 내용 : 특징은생물과종의기질과특성을말한다. 대부분의어종들은머리의양쪽에각각한개의눈을가지고있다. 콩식물은녹색잎을가지고있고, 조류는두개의날개를가지고있다. 종은같은특징을가진생물의집단을말한다. 모든사람들은한종에속해있다. 모든개도한종에속해있다. 과학자들은동물들의공통된특징에따라서생물의그룹을나눈다. 생물들은자신의종의자손들을생식한다. 모든생물들은그들의같은종의생물들과매우유사한모습을띤다. 똑같은줄무늬를가진호랑이는없지만, 두마리모두를호랑이라고구분할수있다. 두호랑이는같은종에속하기때문이다. 유전된형질은부모로부터자손으로전해진다. 자손은부모가낳은생명이거나, 식물과동물의자식을말한다. 어떤특질들은유전되기도하고학습되기도한다. 유전된특징은부모로부터자손으로전달된다. 예를들어, 개구리는태어날때부터수영을할수있다. 어미개구리는새끼들의수영하는능력을자녀에게전해 Unit 4:Plant and Animal Adaptations Essential Question: How are plants and animals well-suited to live in their environments? Key Idea 4.4: Recognize that traits of living things are both * inherited (color of flowers, eye color). * learned/acquired (being able to swim, having scars) Scientific Terms: 1.trait 2. inherited 3. offspring Content: Traits are qualities or characteristics of a living thing or a species. Most fish have one eye on each side of their head. Bean plants have green leaves, and birds have two wings. A species is a group of living things that share characteristics. All human beings belong to the same species. All dogs belong to the same species too. Scientists group living things according to their shared characteristics. Living things reproduce members of their own species. Most living things look very much like other members of their species. No two tigers have stripes in exactly the same place, but you can tell at a glance that each one is a tiger. Tigers belong to the same species. Inherited traits are passed down from parents to offspring. Offspring are new living things that parents produce, or the young of plants and animals. Some traits can be inherited and some can be learned. Inherited traits are passed from parents to Science Bilingual Study Notes Gr. 4 & 5 Unit 4 Page 11
줄것이다. 만약두마리의개가강아지들을가지고있다면, 대부분의강아지들은거의검은색일것이다. 해바라기는새로운해바라기로자라나는씨를만들어낸다. 생물은태어난이후에새로운특징들을발전시켜나갈수있다. 이러한특징들은유전되거나전달된것이아니다. 예를들어, 당신은운동을많이함으로서근육을발달시킬수있다. 당신은또한염색을통해머리색을바꿀수있다. 앵무새는인간의언어를배워말할수있다. 그러나, 이러한특징들은자손에게유전될수없는것이다. 수영할수있는능력은사람으로부터반드시배워야하는특징이다. 이것은유전된것이아니다. 아무리부모가수영챔피언이라할지라도, 그들의자녀들도배워야수영을할수있는것이다. 복습 : 1. 자손은무엇인가? 2. 특징의한예를대보라. 3. 당신에게유전된특징의한가지를대보라. 4. 당신이학습하여얻은특징한가지를대보라. their young. For example, frogs are able to swim when they are born. A parent frog will pass on the ability to swim to its young. If two black dogs have puppies, most of their puppies will probably be black. Sunflowers produce seeds that grow into new sunflowers. A living thing can develop a new characteristic after it is born. These characteristics cannot be inherited or passed on. For example, you can build large muscles by lifting weights. You can dye your hair blond. A parrot can learn to say human words. But these traits cannot be passed on to offspring. The ability to swim is a trait that must be learned by humans. It is not an inherited trait. Even if a mother and father are champion swimmers, their children can swim only if they are taught. Review: 1. What are offspring? 2. Give an example of a trait. 3. Give an example of a trait that you inherited. 4. Give an example of a characteristic you learned. Science Bilingual Study Notes Gr. 4 & 5 Unit 4 Page 12
정답 : 단원 4 4.1 1. 동식물은자라고생존하기위해서먹이가필요하다. 먹이는에너지를제공하며, 동식물이자라는데에반드시필요한물질이다. 2. 거미나왕새우같은외골격동물들은자랄때에껍질을벗는다. 왜냐하면몸이자라는것처럼껍질이자라지는않기때문이다. 그래서이런동물들은반드시외골격인껍질을벗어야한다. 껍질을벗을때마다, 동물들인조금씩성장한다. 그런다음, 새롭고큰개체가된다. 3. 닭, 말. 4. 나비와나방 5. 산소 6. 어류 4.2 1. 선인장은잎과줄기에물을저장한다. 선인장은바늘모양의잎이있어서물이쉽게증발되지않는다. 많은사막식물들은태양에너지를저장하지만, 수분을잃지않기위해서뜨거운한낮에는양분을만들지않는다. 2. 어떤녹색식물들의잎은빛의방향을따라서위치를바꾸기도한다. 어떤식물들은계절에따라서몸의일부분을바꾸기도한다. 열매와씨앗은식물로부터떨어져나간다 : 잎은떨어지면색이변한다. 후에새로운잎과꽃이자라난다. Answer Key Unit 4 4.1 1. Plants and animals need food in order to grow and to live. Food supplies the energy and the materials that are necessary for plants and animals to grow. 2. Animals with exoskeletons, such as spiders and crayfish, shed their hard outer covering when they grow because the exoskeletons do not grow as they grow, so the animals must shed, or molt, their exoskeletons. Each time it molts, the animal grows a little bigger. Then it grows a new and larger shell. 3. Chicken, horses. 4. Butterflies and moths. 5. Oxygen. 6. Fish. 4.2 1. Cactus store water in their leaves and trunks. They have small needle-like leaves so water doesn t easily evaporate. Many desert plants store the sun s energy but don t make food during the hot daytime so that they do not lose water. 2. The leaves of some green plants change position as the direction of light changes. Parts of some plants change with the seasons. Fruit and seeds leave the plants; leaves may change color and drop. Later, new leaves and flowers grow. 4.3 1. 땀을흘리는것은피부로부터물을내보냄으로서여분의열을배출하는것이다. 2. 동물들은계절의변화에서생존하기 4.3 1. To perspire is to release extra heat by letting water escape through the skin. 2. Animal species have adapted their Science Bilingual Study Notes Gr. 4 & 5 Unit 4 Page 13
위해서행동의변화를이뤄왔다. 어떤동물들은더따뜻한곳으로혹은더추운곳으로이주한다. 당신은어떤새를봄이나여름에만본경험이있을것이다. 아마도당신은거위가북쪽에서남쪽으로날아이동하는것을보았을것이다. 3. 동물들은겨울을나기위해서지방을축적하거나외피를두껍게만든다. 어떤동물들은눈위에서위장하기위해털색을흰색으로바꾸기도한다. 날씨가다시따뜻해지면, 그들은겨울외피를벗고, 색깔도다시바꾼다. 4. 같은개체에두가지색깔의곤충이있다고가정하라. 곤충은녹색과빨간색이다. 녹색곤충이푸른초원에서더잘생존할것이다. 왜냐하면빨간색곤충보다잘발견되지않기때문이다. 4.4 1. 자손은부모가낳거나, 동식물의자식을말한다. 2. 특징은생물과종의기질과특성을말한다. 대부분의어류는머리의양쪽에한개씩의눈을가지고있다. 콩식물은푸른잎을가지고, 조류는두개의날개를갖고있다. 3. 나의부모가푸른눈을가지고있기때문에나도푸른눈을가지고있다. 나의부모가키가크기때문에, 나도키가크다. 4. 나의부모는중국에서태어나고자랐다. 그래서그들은영어를하지못한다. 나는 3 학년때에미국에왔다. 나는학교에서영어를말하고, 집에서는부모와중국어로대화한다. 나는두가지언어를말할수있다. 이것이나의특징이다. behaviors to survive seasonal changes. Some animals may migrate to warmer or cooler climates. You may have noticed that you see certain birds only in the spring and summer. Perhaps you have seen geese flying north or south. 3. Animals may store fat or grow thick coats to prepare for winter. They might also change fur color to white for camouflage in the snow. When the weather warms, they shed their winter fur and fat, and change color again. 4. Suppose there are two colors of insects in a population. The two colors are green and red. The green insects are more likely to survive in a grassy place. They are not as easy to find as the red insects. 4.4 1. Offspring are new living things that parents produce, or the young of plants and animals. 2. Traits are qualities or characteristics of a living thing or a species. Most fish have one eye on each side of their head. Bean plants have green leaves, and birds have two wings. 3. My parents have blue eyes and so do I. My parents are very tall and so am I. 4. My parents were born and raised in China so they don t speak English. I came to America when I was in third grade. I speak English in school and speak Chinese at home to my parents. I am bilingual. That s my characteristic. Science Bilingual Study Notes Gr. 4 & 5 Unit 4 Page 14