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대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 4 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(4):562-567 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2016.57.4.562 Original Article 시력의질을포함한스마일수술의임상결과보고 Clinical Outcome of Small Incision Lenticule Extraction including Visual Quality Analysis 손지성 이수찬 임태형 Gi Sung Son, MD, Su Chan Lee, MD, Tae Hyung Lim, MD, PhD 한길안과병원 HanGil Eye Hospital, Incheon, Korea Purpose: To present the clinical outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) including visual quality analysis in Korean patients with myopia Methods: The medical records of 228 eyes of 116 patients who underwent SMILE in HanGil Eye Hospital LASIK Center from May 2014 to Feb 2015 and were followed-up for at least 3 months was analyzed retrospectively. The patients were followed up at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after the operation. Refractive value, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and visual quality were measured at each visit Results: Preoperatively, uncorrected distant visual acuity was 0.01 ± 0.02 in log MAR, spherical equivalent was -5.03 ± 1.72 diopters, intraocular pressure was 15.85 ± 2.85 mm Hg, and the objective scattering index (OSI) value was 0.68 ± 0.49. The postoperative uncorrected distant visual acuity was 0.13 ± 0.10, 0.05 ± 0.08, 0.04 ± 0.09, and 0.02 ± 0.04 and OSI was 2.16 ± 1.89, 1.25 ± 0.64, 1.14 ± 0.69, and 0.81 ± 0.36 at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after the operation, respectively. The postoperative intraocular pressure was 12.55 ± 3.74 mm Hg, 13.03 ± 4.35 mm Hg, 11.65 ± 2.49 mm Hg at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after the operation. The efficacy of refractive surgery 3 months after the operation was 0.97 ± 0.11, the safety was 0.99 ± 0.10, and predictability was 99.56% and 100.00% at the range of ±0.5 diopters and ± 1.0 diopter, respectively. Conclusions: The SMILE operation showed comparable clinical outcomes with conventional refractive surgery in terms of efficacy, safety, and predictability. Intraocular pressure and visual quality normalized gradually throughout the 3-month postoperative period. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(4):562-567 Keywords: Femtosecond laser, Optical quality analysis system, Small incision lenticule extraction 펨토초레이저의발달로원하는깊이에서각막의절삭이가능해짐에따라, 각막절편을만들지않고도절제된각막실질조각을작은절개창을통해꺼내는스마일수술 (small Received: 2015. 11. 12. Revised: 2015. 12. 15. Accepted: 2016. 1. 29. Address reprint requests to Tae Hyung Lim, MD, PhD HanGil Eye Hospital, #35 Bupyeong-daero, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon 21388, Korea Tel: 82-32-503-3322, Fax: 82-32-504-3322 E-mail: limthnet@naver.com incision lenticular extraction, SMILE) 이가능해졌다. 1 각막절편을만들어야하는레이저각막절삭가공성형술 (laserassisted in-situ keratomileusis, LASIK) 은수술의효율성과안전성이높지만, 2 술후안구건조증, 각막확장증 3, 외상성각막편위 4 등의여러합병증을동반할수있다. 그에반해스마일수술은기존의굴절수술과동등한굴절값결과를나타내면서도, 5-9 각막의생역학적안정성에서큰차이가없고, 10-12 특히각막신경의손상이적어술후각막지각이기존굴절수술에비해우월하다는보고가있다. 13,14 또한두가지플랫폼의레이저를사용해야하는라식수술과비 c2016 The Korean Ophthalmological Society This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 562

- 손지성외 : 스마일수술의임상결과 - 교하여한가지플랫폼의레이저만사용하므로수술시간이단축되고, 술후측정한총고위수차가상대적으로작아큰동공을가진환자에도유리한측면이있다. 1 이러한여러가지장점들로스마일수술은현재펨토초레이저를사용한최신굴절수술로서크게각광받고있다. 그러나아직국내환자를대상으로스마일수술에대한임상결과를발표한논문이 1편뿐이며, 15 특히안압및시력의질을포함한포괄적인임상결과를발표한예는없다. 아울러스마일수술후발생한잔여근시나, 스마일수술중환자의급작스러운안구이동등, 발생할수있는합병증에대한국내발표도아직적은실정이다. 이에저자들은, 116명 228안을대상으로시행한스마일수술의시력의질을포함한임상결과를발표하고자한다. 또한수술중수술안의급작스러운이탈로스마일수술을마무리할수없어라섹수술로전환했던 1안과, 경과관찰중발생한저교정에대해라섹수술을통해추가절삭수술을시행했던증례를덧붙이고자한다. 대상과방법 본연구는한길안과병원의임상심사위원회와윤리위원회의심사를통과한후진행되었다 ( 한길IRB 15012). 한길안과병원라식센터에서 2014년 5월부터 2015년 2월사이에스마일수술을시행받고술후 3개월간경과관찰이가능했던근시환자 120명 240안의의무기록을후향적으로분석하였다. 스마일수술은 -10디옵터이내의근시및 3디옵터이내의난시를가진사람중만 22세이상의성인을대상으로수술을시행하였으며, 술전각막지형도검사에서원추각막등의각막이상이발견되었거나, 술후잔여각막두께가 300 μm 이하로예상되는사람은대상에서제외되었다. 또한굴절이상이외에나안및교정시력에영향을미칠수있는각막, 망막, 녹내장질환, 매체혼탁을가진자도제외되었다. 이중최소 3개월이상경과관찰이가능했던 116명 228안에대해현성굴절검사, 시력검사, 안압검사, OQAS 검사 (Optical Quality Analysis System II, Visiometrics, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain), 각막지형도검사 (WaveLight Oculyzer II, Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) 를시행하였다. 수술은본원 2명의술자에의해진행되었다. 술전에 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride (Alcaine, Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA) 를이용해점안마취를시행하였으며, 1명을제외한모든환자에서양안수술이진행되었다. 수술에는 VISUMAX (Zeiss, Meditec, Jena, Germany) 가사용되었으며, 파장은 1,043 nm, pulse duration은 400 femtosecond, pulse rate는 500 khz였다. 먼저광파괴 (photo disruption) 를통해주변부에서중심방향으로절제각막의후면을만들었으며, 이후중심부에서주변부방향으로절제각막의전면을형성하였고, 뒤이어절제각막을꺼내기위한절개창이각막의 11시방향에만들어졌다. 광학부의직경은 6.50 mm였으며, 이행부의직경은 0.10 mm로설정하였다. 절제각막위뚜껑부분의직경은 7.5 mm였고두께는 120 μm로설정하였다. 절개창의직경은 2.5 mm로설정하였고, 각막표면에서절개각도는 90 o 였다. 레이저시술이끝난뒤에는스파튜라를통해절제각막의전면을박리한뒤, 다시절제각막의후면을박리하였고, 겸자를통해절제각막을꺼내었다. 이후별다른세척없이수술을마무리하였다. 환자들은수술후 0.5% moxifloxacin (Vigamox, Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA) 을 1주일간하루 4차례, 0.1% fluorometholone (Fluometholon, Santen, Osaka, Japan) 을 4주에걸쳐하루 4번에서점차감량하도록하였다. 또한수술후 1일, 1주, 1달, 3달시내원하여현성굴절검사, 시력검사, 안압검사, OQAS 검사를시행토록하였다. 안압검사는리바운드안압계 (IcarePRO; Icare Finland Oy, Hensinki, Finland) 를사용하였고, 술후 1일시안압검사는시행하지않았다. 시력의질은 OQAS 검사를통해이루어졌다. 술후 3개월의검사결과를바탕으로스마일수술의효율성, 안전성및예측도를평가하였다. 효율성은수술후나안시력을수술전최대교정시력으로나누어효율성지수 (efficacy index) 를계산하였고, 안전성은수술후최대교정시력을수술전최대교정시력으로나누어안전성지수 (safety index) 를계산하였다. 스마일수술의예측도 (predictability) 는수술후 3개월시구면대응치가목표굴절값의 0.5디옵터혹은 1.0디옵터내에드는환자의비율로산정하였다. 결과 대상군 116명중남자 56명, 여자 60명이었으며, 평균나이는 26.84 ± 6.44세였다. 수술전에실시한검사상, 최대교정시력은 logmar 기준 0.01 ± 0.02였으며, 구면대응치는평균 -5.03 ± 1.72디옵터였다. 각막의평균두께는 566.17 ± 45.17 μm였고, 술전소프트웨어가예측한제거각막두께는평균 99.63 ± 27.05 μm였다. 각막굴절력은평균 42.51 ± 2.86디옵터 (K1), 43.91 ± 1.35 디옵터 (K2) 였다. 술전측정한안압은 15.85 ± 2.85 mmhg 였으며, 평균동공직경은약 7.13 ± 4.57 mm였다. 수술전시행한 OQAS 검사상, Objective Scattering Index (OSI) 는 0.68 ± 0.49였고, Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) value는 36.91 ± 10.06이었으며 563

- 대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 4 호 - Sterhl ratio는 0.19 ± 0.06로측정되었다 (Table 1). 현성굴절검사상, 평균구면대응치는술후 1일에 0.12 ± 0.15디옵터, 술후 1주에 0.14 ± 0.17디옵터, 술후 1달에 0.07 ± 0.25디옵터, 술후 3달에 0.05 ± 0.21디옵터로측정되었다. 최대나안시력은술후 1일에 0.13 ± 0.10, 술후 1주에 0.05 ± 0.08, 술후 1달에 0.04 ± 0.09, 술후 3달에 0.02 ± 0.04로측정되었다. 평균최대교정시력은술후 1일에 0.11 ± 0.08, 술후 1주에 0.05 ± 0.07, 술후 1달에 0.03 ± 0.05, 술후 3달에 0.01 ± 0.04로측정되었다 (Table 2). 술후 1주째, 술후 1달째, 술후 3달째나안시력이 0.10 (Snellen 시력표기준 20/25) 이상을기록한안은각각 81.73%, 92.04%, 93.28% 였으며, 0.00 (Snellen 시력표기준 20/20) 이상인안은각각 63.16%, 77.71%, 86.44% 였다 (Fig. 1). OQAS로시력의질을측정하였는데, OSI는술후 1일에 2.16 ± 1.89에서, 술후 3달에는 0.81 ± 0.36으로점차회복하였다. MTF와 Sterhl ratio도이와유사하게점진적인호전을보여주었다. 안압은술후 1주 12.55 ± 3.74 mmhg에서술후 1달에 13.03 ± 4.35 mmhg 로다소상승하였다가, Table 1. Preoperative demographic data of the patients Parameter Value Age (year) 26.84 ± 6.44 Gender (male/female) 56/60 S.E. (D) -5.03 ± 1.72 CDVA (log MAR) 0.01 ± 0.02 K1 * (D) 42.51 ± 2.86 K2 * (D) 43.91 ± 1.35 Corneal thickness (μm) 566.17 ± 45.17 Pupil diameter (mm) 7.13 ± 4.57 OSI 0.68 ± 0.49 MTF 36.91 ± 10.06 Sterhl ratio 0.19 ± 0.06 IOP (mm Hg) 15.85 ± 2.85 Values are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. S.E. = spherical equivalents; CDVA = corrected distant visual acuity; log MAR = logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; OSI = objective scattering index; MTF = modulation transfer function; IOP = intraocular pressure. * Corneal refractive value by manual keratometry. 술후 3달에는 11.65 ± 2.49 mmhg 로정상화되었다 (Table 3). 스마일굴절수술의효율성지수는술후 1주에 0.90 ± 0.15, 1달에는 0.94 ± 0.14, 술후 3달에는 0.97 ± 0.11로점진적으로증가했고, 술후안전성지수는술후 1주에는 0.89 ± 0.19, 술후 1달에는 0.94 ± 0.15, 술후 3달에는 0.99 ± 0.10으로점차증가했다. 목표한구면대응치인정시안에대한예측도는 ±0.5디옵터의범위에대해술후 1 주, 술후 1달, 술후 3달에각각 100%, 99.13%, 99.56% 로계산되었다. 이는술후한달째, 20세여자환자의양안에서 -1.5디옵터근시가관찰되었고, 술후 3달째다른 30세여자환자한사람의우안에서 -0.75디옵터의근시가관찰되었기때문이다. 술후한달째, 양안에 -1.5디옵터의근시소견을보였던환자는당시리바운드안압계로측정한결과우안과좌안에각각 25, 22 mmhg의고안압을보였는데, 점안스테로이드를중지하고점안안압하강제를투여한후 2주뒤경과관찰한결과안압은양안 11 mmhg로하강하였고구면대응치는우안정시안, 좌안 +0.25디옵터로정상화되었다. 술후 3달째 -0.75디옵터의근시소견을보였던 30세여자환자의우안에서는건성안이외에특이소견을관찰하지못하였고, 나안시력은 logmar 기준 Figure 1. Postoperative cumulative uncorrected distant visual acuity. Visual acuity was expressed in log MAR. UDVA = uncorrected distant visual acuity. Table 2. Postoperative refractive value and visual acuity Period Spherical equivalent (D) Distant visual acuity (log MAR) Uncorrected Corrected Preoperative -5.03 ± 1.72-0.01 ± 0.02 1 day 0.12 ± 0.15 0.13 ± 0.10 0.11 ± 0.08 1 week 0.14 ± 0.17 0.05 ± 0.08 0.05 ± 0.07 1 month 0.07 ± 0.25 0.04 ± 0.09 0.03 ± 0.05 3 months 0.05 ± 0.21 0.02 ± 0.04 0.01 ± 0.04 Values are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. D = diopter; log MAR = logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. 564

- 손지성외 : 스마일수술의임상결과 - +0.05 가측정되었다. 고찰 본연구에서는스마일수술에대한기존분석과유사한임상결과를보여주었다. 효율성분석에서우리연구에서는술후 3개월에분석한효율성지수가 0.97 ± 0.11이었으며, 기존문헌에서는 1.04 ± 0.20, 1.0 ± 0.19, 0.92 ± 0.19, 0.90 ± 0.25 등을보여서로오차범위내에서근접한결과를보여주었다. 7,9,15,16 술후 3개월에분석한안전성분석에서본연구에서는 0.99 ± 0.10이계산되었으며, 기존연구에서는 1.01 ± 0.03, 1.12 ± 0.16 등을보여효율성지수와마찬가지로유사한결과를보였다. 7,15 술후 3개월에시행한예측도분석에서도, 우리연구에서는 ±0.5디옵터안에 99.56% 의예측도를보여, 기존연구들 5-7,16-19 과유사한결과를보여주었다. 스마일수술후 logmar 기준시력이 0.00 (Snellen 기준 20/20) 이상인환자는술후 1주에는 63.16% 였고, 이후술후 3개월에걸쳐 86.44% 까지회복이되는것을확인하였는데, 이는기존에발표된여러문헌과부합하는내용이다. 9,20 스마일수술후 OQAS 검사를통해분석한시력의질은술후 1일 2.16 ± 1.89에서술후 3개월 0.81 ± 0.36로 3개월에걸쳐서서히호전되었으며, 이또한기존발표 21,22 의내용과부합했다. 안압은술전 15.82 ± 2.85 mmhg 에서술후 1주에 12.55 ± 3.74 mmhg 까지떨어졌다. 수술후안압이감소한것은스마일수술로인해각막의두께가감소했기때문이라고생각된다. 실제로소프트웨어를통해계산한제거된각막실질의두께와술후 1주에안압변화는유의한상관관계 (p=0.045, Pearson s correlation=0.144) 를보였다. 또한국내환자를대상으로시행한기존굴절수술과본연구를통한스마일수술의임상결과를비교한결과, 스마일수술은기존의굴절수술과시력및구면대응치에서동등한성적을나타내었다. 46명 92안의라섹환자를후향적으로분석한기존국내연구에따르면, 23 술후 3개월시측 정한굴절수술의효용성은라섹수술에서 0.99 ± 0.17을보인반면, 본연구에서스마일수술후에는 0.95 ± 0.12를보였다. 51안에대해라식, 57안에대해라섹수술을시행하여후향적으로분석한또다른국내연구에따르면, 24 술후 3개월시구면대응치는라식 / 라섹수술에서각각평균 0.06/0.04디옵터였으며, 스마일수술은평균 0.05 ± 0.21이었다. 그러나 OQAS 검사를통해측정한시력의질 (OSI score) 은라식 / 라섹수술에서술후 1개월째 0.435/0.707, 수술 3 개월째 0.459/0.407이었던반면, 23 스마일수술에서는술후 1개월째 1.14 ± 0.69, 술후 3개월째 0.81 ± 0.36으로기존의굴절수술보다다소높은수치를보여주었다. 하지만본연구에서의 OSI 수치가기존의해외보고에서와유사하게술후점진적인감소를보인다는점, 그리고본연구의경과관찰기간이 3개월로다소짧다는점, 또한본연구에서스마일수술전후 OSI 수치변화가유의하지않다는점 (p=0.146) 을고려해볼때, 본연구의결과만을통해시력의질에있어스마일수술을기존의굴절수술과단순비교하기는어렵다. 이를위해서는향후체계적인대조군설정과더긴경과관찰을시행하는전향적연구가필요하다. 수술후안압은술후 1달까지평균 13.03 ± 4.35 mmhg 로오르다가술후 3달째에는다시 11.65 ± 2.49 mmhg로안정화되는양상을보였다. 술후 1주에는 3명 4안에서, 술후 1달째에는 7명 13안에서 21 mmhg를넘는고안압이관찰되었고, 술후 3달째에는고안압환자가관찰되지않았다. 특히술후 1주째 1명의양안과, 술후 1달째 5명 10안에서 22 mmhg 초과의고안압이나타났고, 점안스테로이드를끊고한시적으로안압하강제를사용한뒤 2주경과관찰한결과, 이들모두에서정상안압으로복귀하였다. 따라서위와같은스마일수술후안압변동은술후사용한점안스테로이드제와연관이있을것으로생각된다. 228안중 1안에서는수술도중발생한합병증으로추가적인굴절수술을필요로하였다. 20세여자의좌안에서, 수술중각막실질의윗면을자르는도중환자의급작스러 Table 3. Postoperative visual quality and intraocular pressure Period Visual quality * OSI MTF Sterhl ratio IOP (mm Hg) Preoperative 0.67 ± 0.49 36.91 ± 10.06 0.19 ± 0.06 15.82 ± 2.85 1 day 2.16 ± 1.89 (p < 0.001) 28.84 ± 12.6 0.15 ± 0.06-1 week 1.25 ± 0.65 (p < 0.001) 32.02 ±13.31 0.17 ± 0.11 12.55 ± 3.74 1 month 1.14 ± 0.69 (p < 0.001) 31.5 ± 11.53 0.16 ± 0.60 13.03 ± 4.35 3 months 0.81 ± 0.36 (p = 0.146) 31.61 ± 11.44 0.16 ± 0.05 11.65 ± 2.49 Values are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. OSI = objective scattering index; MFT = modulation function test; IOP = intraocular pressure. * Visual Quality: The visual quality was measured using Optical Quality Analysis System II (OQAS II R, Visiometrics, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain), The figure in parenthesis is the p-value when compared with the preoperative values. 565

- 대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 4 호 - 운안구움직임으로각막실질을모두절제하지못하였다. 당일바로라섹으로전환하였고, 수술후 3개월과 6개월경과관찰시에 +0.50디옵터의굴절값이측정되었으며나안시력은 logmar 기준 +0.05로측정되었다. 스마일수술에대한보고를종합한한문헌에따르면, 1 2,345안중약 1% 에서수술중흡입소실 (intraoperative suction loss) 이발생하였다. 약 1,800안을대상으로스마일수술을시행하여그합병증을보고한문헌에따르면, 25 약 0.8% 인 14안에서수술중흡입소실이발생하였으며이중대부분인 13안에서다시스마일수술을시도하여좋은임상결과를발표한바있다. 그러나그보고에따르면, 흡입소실이후즉시스마일수술을다시시도한한환자는각막실질의절제가불완전하여불규칙난시와단안복시를호소하게되었다. 따라서스마일수술시행중흡입소실이발생했을때절단면이정확히확인되지않은상태에서무리하게스마일수술을다시시도하는것보다는, 라섹수술로전환하는것도하나의방법이될수있다. 최근발표된국내의한증례보고에따르면, 스마일수술중발생한흡입소실후라식으로전환하여좋은임상결과를얻은바있다. 26 향후흡입소실에대한대처방안에관해서는더많은국내보고가필요할것으로생각된다. 다른 1안에서술후 1달시경과관찰상 -1.00디옵터의저교정상태가관찰되어마찬가지로추가적인굴절수술이필요하였다. 수술중이렇다할합병증이없었던 32세남자의좌안에서술후 1달시 -1.00디옵터의근시가측정되었고, 굴절마비조절검사를시행하여같은근시량을확인한후라섹수술을추가로진행하였다. 술후 3개월과 6개월경과관찰시에각각 +0.25디옵터였고, 나안시력은각각 +0.05, +0.00이었다. 현재스마일수술후발생하는저교정에대한통계는알려진바가적고, 이에대한추가굴절수술 (enhancement) 방법에대한표준또한확립되어있지않다. 1 Mitomycin C를사용한 photorefractive keratectomy 27 나라식수술로의전환 28 등이보고되고있으며, 최근에는새롭게도입된소프트웨어 Circle (Zeiss, Meditec, Jena, Germany) 을통해기존스마일수술을통해절삭한부분을포함하여더큰직경의각막절편을만든후엑시머레이저로각막실질을추가절삭하는방법도사용되고있다. 본증례에서처럼라섹수술은스마일수술후발생한저교정에대해추가굴절수술방법의하나로사용될수있다. 저자들은본연구를통해한국사람을대상으로한스마일수술의임상결과를발표하였고, 기존에발표된연구들과임상결과가대동소이함을확인하였다. 본연구는후향적연구이며경과관찰기간이 3개월로짧다는한계점이있다. 그러나국내에서는처음으로스마일수술후시력의 질과안압에대해분석하였다. 향후더많은대상안과더긴경과관찰을통해, 스마일수술에대한폭넓은연구가필요하다. REFERENCES 1) Moshirfar M, McCaughey MV, Reinstein DZ, et al. Small-incision lenticule extraction. J Cataract Refract Surg 2015;41:652-65. 2) Sandoval HP, de Castro LE, Vroman DT, Solomon KD. Refractive Surgery Survey 2004. J Cataract Refract Surg 2005;31:221-33. 3) Kim HJ, Cho SH, Kim JH, Joo CK. Risk factors and clinical evaluation for corneal ectasia after LASIK. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2005;46:589-96. 4) Khoueir Z, Haddad NM, Saad A, et al. Traumatic flap dislocation 10 years after LASIK. Case report and literature review. J Fr Ophtalmol 2013;36:82-6. 5) Sekundo W, Kunert KS, Blum M. Small incision corneal refractive surgery using the small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedure for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism: results of a 6 month prospective study. Br J Ophthalmol 2011; 95:335-9. 6) Shah R, Shah S, Sengupta S. Results of small incision lenticule extraction: all-in-one femtosecond laser refractive surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2011;37:127-37. 7) Lin F, Xu Y, Yang Y. Comparison of the visual results after SMILE and femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK for myopia. J Refract Surg 2014;30:248-54. 8) Vestergaard A, Ivarsen AR, Asp S, Hjortdal JØ. Small-incision lenticule extraction for moderate to high myopia: predictability, safety, and patient satisfaction. J Cataract Refract Surg 2012;38: 2003-10. 9) Sekundo W, Gertnere J, Bertelmann T, Solomatin I. One-year refractive results, contrast sensitivity, high-order aberrations and complications after myopic small-incision lenticule extraction (ReLEx SMILE). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 252:837-43. 10) Vestergaard AH, Grauslund J, Ivarsen AR, Hjortdal JØ. Central corneal sublayer pachymetry and biomechanical properties after refractive femtosecond lenticule extraction. J Refract Surg 2014; 30:102-8. 11) Wu D, Wang Y, Zhang L, et al. Corneal biomechanical effects: small-incision lenticule extraction versus femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 2014; 40:954-62. 12) Kamiya K, Shimizu K, Igarashi A, et al. Intraindividual comparison of changes in corneal biomechanical parameters after femtosecond lenticule extraction and small-incision lenticule extraction. J Cataract Refract Surg 2014;40:963-70. 13) Wei S, Wang Y. Comparison of corneal sensitivity between FS-LASIK and femtosecond lenticule extraction (ReLEx flex) or small-incision lenticule extraction (ReLEx smile) for myopic eyes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013;251:1645-54. 14) Reinstein DZ, Archer TJ, Gobbe M, Bartoli E. Corneal sensitivity after small-incision lenticule extraction and laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 2015;41:1580-7. 15) Kim JR, Kim HS, Mun SJ, Chung YT. Outcomes of small incision 566

- 손지성외 : 스마일수술의임상결과 - lenticule extraction: mild to moderate myopia versus high myopia. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55:963-8. 16) Hjortdal JØ, Vestergaard AH, Ivarsen A, et al. Predictors for the outcome of small-incision lenticule extraction for myopia. J Refract Surg 2012;28:865-71. 17) Zhao J, Yao P, Li M, et al. The morphology of corneal cap and its relation to refractive outcomes in femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with anterior segment optical coherence tomography observation. PloS One 2013;8:e70208. 18) Chan TC, Ng AL, Cheng GP, et al. Vector analysis of astigmatic correction after small-incision lenticule extraction and femtosecond-assisted LASIK for low to moderate myopic astigmatism. Br J Ophthalmol 2016:100:553-9. 19) Ivarsen A, Hjortdal J. Correction of myopic astigmatism with small incision lenticule extraction. J Refract Surg 2014;30:240-7. 20) Vestergaard A, Ivarsen A, Asp S, Hjortdal JØ. Femtosecond (FS) laser vision correction procedure for moderate to high myopia: a prospective study of ReLEx([R])flex and comparison with a retrospective study of FS-laser in situ keratomileusis. Acta Ophthalmol 2013;91:355-62. 21) Agca A, Ozgurhan EB, Yildirim Y, et al. Corneal backscatter analysis by in vivo confocal microscopy: fellow eye comparison of small incision lenticule extraction and femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK. J Ophthalmol 2014;2014:265012. 22) Miao H, He L, Shen Y, et al. Optical quality and intraocular scattering after femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction. J Refract Surg 2014;30:296-302. 23) Jung BJ, Oh TH, Chung SK. Eight-year follow-up of laser epithelial keratomileusis for correcting moderate and high myopia. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53:1438-44. 24) Jung HG, Lim TH. The recovery of optical quality after laser vision correction. Korean J Ophthalmol 2013;27:249-55. 25) Ivarsen A, Asp S, Hjortdal J. Safety and complications of more than 1500 small-incision lenticule extraction procedures. Ophthalmology 2014;121:822-8. 26) Kim BK, Mun SJ, Lee DG, Chung YT. A case of suction loss during SMILE and a switch to LASIK. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56:1274-7. 27) Ivarsen A, Hjortdal JØ. Topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy for irregular astigmatism after small incision lenticule extraction. J Refract Surg 2014;30:429-32. 28) Vestergaard AH. Past and present of corneal refractive surgery: a retrospective study of long-term results after photorefractive keratectomy and a prospective study of refractive lenticule extraction. Acta Ophthalmol 2014;92 Thesis 2:1-21. = 국문초록 = 시력의질을포함한스마일수술의임상결과보고 목적 : 국내근시환자를대상으로시행한스마일수술 (small incision lenticule extraction) 에서시력의질을포함한임상결과를보고하고자한다. 대상과방법 : 2014 년 5 월부터 2015 년 2 월까지본원에서스마일수술을시행받고이후 3 개월간경과관찰이가능했던 116 명 228 안의의무기록을후향적으로분석하였다. 결과 : 술전최대교정시력은 0.01 ± 0.02 였으며 (logmar), 구면대응치는평균 5.03 ± 1.72 디옵터, 안압은평균 15.85 ± 2.85 mmhg, objective scattering index (OSI) 수치는 0.68 ± 0.49 였다. 스마일수술후원거리나안시력은술후 1 일, 1 주, 1 달, 3 달째각각 0.13 ± 0.10, 0.05 ± 0.08, 0.04 ± 0.09, 0.02 ± 0.04 였으며, OSI 는각각 2.16 ± 1.89, 1.25 ± 0.64, 1.14 ± 0.69, 0.81 ± 0.36 이었다. 안압은술후 1 주, 1 달, 3 달째각각 12.55 ± 3.74 mmhg, 13.03 ± 4.35 mmhg, 11.65 ± 2.49 mmhg 였다. 술후 3 개월째, 굴절수술의효율성은 0.97 ± 0.11, 안정성은 0.99 ± 0.10, 예측도는 ±0.5 디옵터와 ±1.0 디옵터의범위에대해각각 99.56% 와 100.00% 로관찰되었다. 결론 : 국내환자를대상으로한스마일수술은기존의굴절수술에비해그효율성과안전성, 예측도에서큰차이가없었고, 스마일술후측정한안압과시력의질은술후 3 개월에걸쳐점진적으로정상화되었다. < 대한안과학회지 2016;57(4):562-567> 567