01-JKOS (정영택-김부기)-719.hwp

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대한안과학회지 2019 년제 60 권제 8 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2019;60(8):719-724 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2019.60.8.719 Original Article 각막혼탁이있는환자에서스마일수술의단기간임상성적 Short-term Clinical Outcomes of Small Incision Lenticule Extraction for Correction of Myopia Patients with Corneal Opacity 김부기 문수정 김지선 양영훈 문준형 정영택 Buki Kim, MD, Sujoung Mun, MD, PhD, Jisun Kim, MD, Younghoon Yang, MD, Junhyung Moon, MD, Youngtaek Chung, MD, PhD 온누리스마일안과 Onnuri Smile Eye Clinic, Seoul, Korea Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for the treatment of myopia with corneal opacity. Methods: Thirteen eyes of 13 patients with corneal opacities who underwent SMILE were retrospectively studied. Uncorrected distance visual acuity, spherical equivalence, efficacy index, and safety index were noted at 3 months after the procedure. The density and area of the corneal opacities were measured and compared preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. Results: All eyes had preoperative corneal opacities within the lenticule formation areas. The mean area and density of corneal opacities were 0.72 ± 0.33 mm 2 and 52.46 ± 15.74, respectively. All procedures were uneventful and no intraoperative complications were observed. At 3 months after the procedure, the efficacy and safety indices were 1.01 ± 0.15, and 1.05 ± 0.10, respectively, and the mean densities and areas of corneal opacities were 46.85 ± 14.56 (p = 0.038) and 0.70 ± 0.36 mm 2 (p = 0.776), respectively. Conclusions: The SMILE procedure was effective and safe for the correction of myopic patients with corneal opacities. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2019;60(8):719-724 Keywords: Corneal opacity, Small incision lenticule extraction 각막혼탁은안외상, 감염성각막염, 군날개등여러가지원인에의해나타날수있는데, 각막이손상을입으면주변부위의각막세포가활성화되어서손상부위로이동하고섬유모세포나근섬유모세포로변화하고, 이세포들이각막혼탁을만든다고알려져있다. 1 만약각막혼탁이부정난시를 Received: 2019. 3. 21. Revised: 2019. 3. 29. Accepted: 2019. 7. 18. Address reprint requests to Youngtaek Chung, MD, PhD Onnuri Smile Eye Clinic, 9F Hyobong Building, #1 Gangnam-daero 65gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06614, Korea Tel: 82-2-6913-0000, Fax: 82-2-532-5406 E-mail: ytchungc@daum.net * Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts to disclose. 유발하거나교정시력을떨어뜨릴정도로심하다면 rigid gas permeable 콘택트렌즈나각막이식등의방식으로치료를해야하지만, 경도의부분적각막혼탁을가진환자는특별한증상을일으키지않을뿐아니라특별한치료를요하지않는다. 2 펨토초레이저는근적외선레이저로써투명한각막을통과하여원하는깊이에서광분해를일으키고, 이원리를이용하여펨토초레이저만을이용하여절제된각막실질조각을작은절개창으로꺼내는스마일수술 (small incision lenticule extraction) 이가능해졌다. 3 그리고많은연구에서스마일수술의효율성, 안전성, 예측성그리고시력의질적측면에서좋은결과를보고하였다. 4-6 스마일수술중펨토초레이저가각막실질조각만드는과정은술후결과에큰영향 c2019 The Korean Ophthalmological Society This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 719

- 대한안과학회지 2019 년제 60 권제 8 호 - 을미칠수있는매우중요한과정인데, 술전에렌티큘형성부위에각막혼탁이존재한다면펨토초레이저의에너지가감소될수있고, 광학면이불규칙하게생성이되어서수술결과에악영향을초래할수있다. 7,8 최근 Zhang et al 9 은각막중심부에혼탁을가진환자에서스마일수술을시행하여서좋은결과를보고하였다. 그러나현재까지국내에는각막혼탁을가진환자에서스마일수술에대한연구가보고된바없었다. 본연구에서는수술전각막혼탁을가진환자를대상으로스마일수술을시행하였고, 수술후경과관찰을하여임상결과를측정하였으며, 수술중, 수술후합병증발생여부를관찰하여각막혼탁이존재하였던환자에서스마일수술의효과및안전성을알아보고자하였다. 대상과방법 2017년 2월 1일부터 2018년 4월 30일까지온누리스마일안과의원에서스마일수술을받았고, 3개월이상추적관찰이가능하였던환자중수술전각막혼탁이존재하였던환자 13명 (13안) 을의무기록을통해후향적으로조사하였다. 연구에앞서보건복지부지정공용기관생명윤리위원회 (institutional review board, IRB) 의승인을받았고 ( 승인번호 : P01-201812-21-001), 연구의모든과정들은헬싱키선언 (Declaration of Helsinki) 을준수하였다. 대상환자포함기준으로는만 18세이상의나이, 근시도수 10.0D 이하, 난시도수 4.0D 이하, 예상되는술후잔여각막두께가 280 µm 이상으로하였고약시, 망막질환, 백내장, 녹내장등의안과적질환이나당뇨, 결체조직질환과같은전신질환이있는경우는연구에서제외하였다. 수술전나안시력, 최대교정시력, 현성굴절검사, 조절마비굴절검사, 안압검사, 산동후안저검사, 자동굴절검사기 (Topcon KR-8900, Topcon Corp., Tokyo, Japan), 각막내피세포검사 (Noncom Robo-ca, Konan Medical Inc., Tokyo, Japan), 중심부각막두께검사 (Corneal pachymeter SP-3000, Tomey Co., Nagoya, Japan), 이중샤임플러그전안부분석기 (Galilei, Ziemer Ophthalmic System, Port, Switzerland) 등을시행하였다. 각막혼탁은세극등현미경검사를이용하여진단하였고, 혼탁의깊이가기질의 1/2 이상을침범하였거나혼탁부위에각막얇아짐이동반된경우, 그리고각막혼탁으로인해불규칙난시가유발된경우는수술을권하지않았다. 혼탁의면적은세극등현미경을이용한전안부사진을측정한뒤혼탁의최대직경을측정하고수직으로만나는직경을측정하여계산하였고, 혼탁의밀도는이중샤임플러그전안부분석기 (Galilei, Ziemer Ophthalmic System) 의농도계 (densitometer) 를이용하여측정하였다. 빛의투과 정도를측정하여혼탁의정도를계산하는것으로혼탁이없어서빛이완전히투과될때를 0, 혼탁이심하여빛의투과가전혀되지않을때를 100으로하였고, 혼탁부위중그밀도가가장높은값으로정의하였다. 모든스마일수술은 VisuMax 500-kHz 펨토초레이저 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) 를이용하여두명의술자 (C.Y.T., K.B.K.) 에의해시행되었다. 수술은양안에이루어졌으며좌안에서우안순서로시행하였다. 술전 0.5% Proparacaine hydrochloride (Alcain, Alcon-Couvreur nv, Purrs, Belgium) 로점안마취하고눈과안검소독후각막중심에표시한뒤수술을진행하였다. 조이스틱을이용하여침대높이를올려서환자의눈을펨토초레이저의콘택트유리 (contact glass) 에접촉하였고, 70% 이상접촉하였을때흡입을시행하였다. 흡입이완료후광파괴 (photo disruption) 에의해각막실질조각 (lenticule) 의후면, 옆면, 전면이만들어진후 11시방향에각막절개창이만들어졌다. 레이저세팅으로는 500 khz, 140 nj laser pulse, 4.0 μm spot spacing 으로하였고, 각막절개창은 2.0 mm 폭으로만들었다. 각막실질조각지름은 6.0-6.7 mm였고, 각막뚜껑지름은각막실질조각지름에 0.8 mm 더크게하였으며, 각막뚜껑두께는 120 μm로하였다. 모든수술은정시를목표로하였다. 레이저시술이끝난뒤에는미세둥근주걱으로각막실질조각의전면과후면을박리하고, 포셉으로실질조각을꺼냈다. 각막실질주머니는평형용액 (BSS, Alcon-Couvreur nv) 으로세척한뒤수술을마무리하였다. 수술중합병증인불투명기포층 (opaque bubble layer), 흑점 (black spot) 이나각막뚜껑의천공, 실질조각찢어짐등이나타나는지면밀히관찰을하였고, 술후에녹화된비디오를보며술중합병증발생여부를다시한번관찰하였다. 술후환자는점안항생제 0.5% moxifloxacin (Vigamox, Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA) 을 5일간하루에 4회, 0.1% fluorometholone (Opti-V, Reyon Pharm, Seoul, Korea) 은하루 4번 5주동안사용하도록하였고, 0.1% sodium hyaluronate (Tearinfree, DHP Korea, Seoul, Korea) 를수시로점안하도록하였다. 환자는술후 1주, 1개월, 3개월에외래에내원해서나안시력, 굴절력등을검사하였고, 이중샤임플러그전안부분석기 (Galilei, Ziemer Ophthalmic System) 를측정하여서각막확장증발생여부를검사하였다. 그리고술후 3개월째에세극등현미경검사를이용하여각막혼탁의면적을측정하였고, 이중샤임플러그전안부분석기 (Galilei, Ziemer Ophthalmic System) 의농도계를이용하여각막혼탁의밀도를측정하여수술전과비교하였다. 시력은용이한분석을위해 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logmar) 으로환산하였고, 효율성지수는술 720

- 김부기외 : 각막혼탁환자에서스마일수술 - 후나안시력 / 술전최대교정시력으로, 안전성지수는술후최대교정시력 / 술전최대교정시력으로정의하여평가하였다. 통계학적분석은 SPSS 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) 을사용하였으며, 술전과술후각막혼탁의밀도및면적의변화분석에는 paired t-test를이용하였다. 모든수치는평균 ± 표준편차의형식으로표시하였고, p값이 0.05 보다작은경우에통계학적으로유의한것으로간주하였다. 수술전환자에게각막혼탁의존재를설명하였고, 발생가능한합병증등에대한충분한상담을거친뒤사전동의를받았다. 결과 수술환자는 13 명 (13 안 ) 이었고, 남자가 4 명 (4 안 ), 여자가 Table 1. Patient demographics Age/sex Preoperative Preoperative Area of corneal Density of corneal Cause of corneal Location of corneal opacity refraction CDVA opacity (mm 2 ) opacity opacity 1 21/M 1.75/ 0.5 20/18 Inferior paracentral 0.62 51 Unknown 2 36/F 2.0/ 1.25 20/18 Inferior paracentral 0.81 77 Unknown 3 19/M 8.25/ 1.0 20/18 Inferior peripheral 0.58 78 Trichiasis 4 21/F 3.0/ 1.0 20/18 Inferior paracentral 1.41 55 Keratitis 5 19/F 1.75/0 20/18 Superomedial paracentral 0.29 32 Unknown 6 21/M 3.25/ 0.75 20/18 Inferior paracentral 0.85 77 Unknown 7 24/F 3.75/ 1.5 20/18 Inferior paracentral 1.12 41 Keratitis 8 22/M 5.25/ 0.5 20/18 Inferior peripheral 0.48 37 Keratitis 9 48/F 5.25/ 0.5 20/18 Inferior peripheral 0.33 45 Keratitis 10 24/F 7.5/ 0.75 20/18 Medial paracentral 0.85 48 Keratitis 11 40/F 2.0/ 1.5 20/18 Inferior peripheral 0.97 41 Trichiasis 12 21/F 6.25/ 3.25 20/20 Inferior peripheral 0.31 57 Keratitis 13 24/F 2.25/0 20/18 Superior paracentral 0.70 43 Keratitis CDVA = corrected distance visual acuity; M = male; F = female. Figure 1. Anterior segment photos of case No. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12. The corneal opacity of all eyes was within the lenticule formation area. 721

- 대한안과학회지 2019 년제 60 권제 8 호 - 9명 (9안) 이었다. 평균나이는 26.15 ± 9.15세, 평균구면렌즈대응치는 -4.50 ± 2.42디옵터 (D) 였다. 술전최대교정시력은모두 20/20 이상이었고평균각막혼탁의면적은 0.72 ± 0.33 mm 2, 평균각막혼탁의밀도는 52.46 ± 15.74였다 (Table 1). 모두가스마일수술이시행되는부위에각막혼탁이존재하였고 (Fig. 1), 혼탁의원인은 7안 (53.8%) 에서각막염, 2안 (15.4%) 에서속눈썹증, 4안 (30.8%) 에서원인미상이었다. 스마일수술중각막실질조각이만들어지는과정에서각막혼탁부위의공기방울이어둡게형성되기도하였으나흑점또는불투명기포층이발생되는경우는없었고, 모든수술에서각막실질조각분리과정중혼탁부위에서저항감증가외의어려움은없었으며, 각막실질조각찢어짐등의수술중합병증은발생하지않았다 (Fig. 2). 수술후 3개월간의경과관찰기간동안각막얇아짐이나각막확장증등의술후합병증또한발생하지않았다. 수술후 3개월검사상, 효율성지수는 1.01 ± 0.15, 안전성지수는 1.05 ± 0.10이었고, 평균구면렌즈대응치는 -0.03 ± 0.25였으며, 100% 에서 ± 0.75D 이하의구면렌즈대응치를보였다. 그리고평균나안시력 (logmar) 은 -0.07 ± 0.06 이었으며 1안에서나안시력이 20/25였던것을제외하고나 머지 12 안에서 20/20 이상의나안시력을보였다. 각막혼탁의평균밀도는수술전 52.46 ± 15.74에서수술후 3개월째 46.85 ± 14.56으로스마일수술후통계적으로유의한차이를보였으며 (p=0.038), 각막혼탁의평균면적은수술전 0.72 ± 0.33 mm 2 에서수술후 3개월째 0.70 ± 0.36 mm 2 로유의한차이를보이지않았다 (p=0.776) (Table 2). 고 찰 각막혼탁을가진환자에게굴절교정수술을시행할때각막의투명도, 보우만막의결손, 각막기질의세포구성차이등여러가지원인에의해서투명한각막에비해각막굴절수술에대한결과가다를우려가있다. 7-9 원칙적으로는각 Table 2. The preoperative and postoperative mean density and mean area of corneal opacity Preoperative Postoperative 3 months p-value * Density 52.46 ± 15.74 46.85 ± 14.56 0.038 Area (mm 2 ) 0.72 ± 0.33 0.70 ± 0.36 0.776 Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. * Paired t-test. A B C D E Figure 2. The preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative corneal examinations in case No. 1. (A) The preoperative corneal opacity was noted by slit-lamp microscopy. (B) Corneal opacity was noted during lenticule scanning (red arrow). (C) The lenticule was separated successfully. (D) The preoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) image. Thickening of epithelium and hyper-reflectivity of anterior stroma at corneal opacity lesion was noted. (E) The postoperative AS-OCT image. Thinning of the opacity lesion was noted. 722

- 김부기외 : 각막혼탁환자에서스마일수술 - 막절삭을하지않는안내렌즈삽입술을시행하는것이좋으리라생각되고, 각막혼탁환자에서안내렌즈삽입술을시행하여서좋은결과를보고한연구들이있으나각막내피세포저하, 안내염, 백내장발생등의합병증과안내렌즈의비싼가격등으로제한점이있다. 10-12 스마일수술시펨토초레이저는각막실질부위에수많은공포들을만드는방식으로각막을절제하는데, 각막표면으로부터일정두께를통과하기때문에각막의투명성은중요하리라생각되나논란이있다. 3,9 Farid and Steinert 13 은펨토초레이저의광분해힘이각막혼탁에의해방해되지않는다고하였고, Choi et al 14 는표층각막혼탁환자에서펨토초레이저를이용한층판각막절제술을성공적으로시행하였다고보고하였다. 반면에각막혼탁이있는눈에펨토초레이저를이용한라식수술시 Tomita et al 8 는가스탈출이많이발생하였다고보고하였고, von Jagow and Kohnen 15 은각막절편을분리하는데문제가있을수있다고하였다. 최근 Zhang et al 9 는중심부각막에혼탁이있는환자 9명 (9안) 을대상으로스마일수술을하여서술후 1개월째나안시력이모두 20/25 이상, 평균구면렌즈대응치는 0.27 ± 0.25D로좋은임상결과를보였고, 수술중불투명기포층이나흑점등이발생하지않았으며각막실질분리중어려움이발생하지않았다고보고하였다. 본연구에서역시중심부각막혼탁이있는환자를대상으로스마일수술을시행하였는데수술후 3개월째평균구면렌즈대응치는 -0.03 ± 0.25, 평균나안시력 (logmar) -0.07 ± 0.06으로좋은임상결과를보였고, 수술중그리고수술후에합병증은관찰되지않았다. 다만각막실질조각분리시혼탁부위에서약간의저항감이더심하게느껴지는경우가있었지만, 각막뚜껑천공이나각막실질조각찢어짐등은발생하지않았다. Zhang et al 9 의연구에서스마일수술시레이저세팅을 180 nj laser pulse, 4.5 μm spot spacing으로보다높은에너지와보다넓은빔사이간격을사용했고, 이때문에혼탁한각막을통과하는데도움이되었다고하였는데, 본연구에서는 140 nj laser pulse, 4.0 μm spot spacing의레이저세팅을사용하였고이는평소각막혼탁이없을때의스마일수술세팅과같았다. 그리고각막뚜껑의두께, 각막실질조각의지름등모든세팅및수술방법을각막혼탁이없을때와동일하게시행하였다. 샤임플러그전안부분석기 (Galilei, Ziemer Ophthalmic System) 의농도계는산란광을측정함으로써전안부의혼탁정도를객관적, 정량적으로측정할수있고, 여러연구에따르면각막혼탁의정도와농도계로측정된밀도는높은연관성을보였다. 16-18 농도계는빛의투과정도를측정하여혼탁의정도를계산하는것으로혼탁이없어서빛이완전 히투과될때를 0, 혼탁이심하여빛의투과가전혀되지않을때를 100으로나타낸다. 본연구에서는혼탁부위중가장심한부위의밀도를측정하였고수술전 32-78로평균 52.46 ± 15.74였는데, Zhang et al 9 의연구에서수술전각막혼탁의밀도가 20.4-85.8로평균 48.5 ± 20.7로최대값, 최소값그리고평균에서큰차이를보이지않았다. 또한본연구에서혼탁의밀도는스마일수술후 3개월째에측정하였을때 46.85 ± 14.56으로수술후유의하게감소하였는데그이유는모든각막혼탁이스마일수술때제거되는각막의앞기질에포함되었기때문이라고사료되며, case 1에서전안부안구광학단층촬영으로스마일수술전후각막을촬영하였을때고음영으로나타나는각막혼탁의깊이가감소한것을확인하였다 (Fig. 2). 본연구와 Zhang et al 9 의결과를기준으로보았을때샤임플러그전안부분석기 (Galilei, Ziemer Ophthalmic System) 의농도계로측정하였을때약 80 이하의각막혼탁은스마일수술시합병증을초래하지않았다. 결론적으로저자들은렌티큘형성부위에부분적각막혼탁을가진환자를대상으로성공적으로스마일수술을시행하였고, 비록비교적짧은경과관찰기간이었지만특별한합병증없이좋은임상결과를보였다. 그러나수술대상자를선별할때각막혼탁의정도, 깊이및동반된각막얇아짐여부등을반드시고려하여야하겠다. 본연구의한계점으로는후향적연구였고, 경과관찰이 3개월로짧다는점, 그리고연구대상의수가적은점등을들수있고, 향후보다긴경과관찰을포함한많은각막혼탁환자를대상으로스마일수술을시행한연구와각막혼탁의정도와수술결과를비교하는연구가필요하리라사료된다. REFERENCES 1) Gupta N, Vashist P, Tandon R, et al. Prevalence of corneal diseases in the rural Indian population: the Corneal Opacity Rural Epidemiological (CORE) study. Br J Ophthalmol 2015;99:147-52. 2) Singh K, Jain D, Teli K. Rehabilitation of vision disabling corneal opacities: is there hope without corneal transplant? Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2013;36:74-9. 3) Soong HK, Malta JB. Femtosecond lasers in ophthalmology. Am J Ophthalmol 2009;147:189-97. 4) Vestergaard A, Ivarsen AR, Asp S, Hjortdal JØ. Small-incision lenticule extraction for moderate to high myopia: predictability, safety, and patient satisfaction. J Cataract Refract Surg 2012;38:2003-10. 5) Miao H, Tian M, Xu Y, et al. Visual outcomes and optical quality after femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction: an 18-month prospective study. J Refract Surg 2015;31:726-31. 6) Blum M, Täubig K, Gruhn C, et al. Five-year results of small incision lenticule extraction (ReLEx SMILE). Br J Ophthalmol 2016;100:1192-5. 723

- 대한안과학회지 2019 년제 60 권제 8 호 - 7) Miao H, He L, Shen Y, et al. Optical quality and intraocular scattering after femtosecond laser small incision Lenticule extraction. J Refract Surg 2014;30:296-302. 8) Tomita M, Chiba A, Matsuda J, Nawa Y. Evaluation of LASIK treatment with the Femto LDV in patients with corneal opacity. J Refract Surg 2012;28:25-30. 9) Zhang S, Xu H, Zheng K, et al. The observation during small incision lenticule extraction for myopia with corneal opacity. BMC Ophthalmol 2017;17:80. 10) Prakash G, Avadhani K, Kalliath J, Srivastava D. Implantable collamer lens in a case of corneal scar with anisometropic amblyopia in an adult: an expanded indication. BMJ Case Rep 2015;5:2015. 11) Barsam A, Allan BD. Excimer laser refractive surgery versus phakic intraocular lenses for the correction of moderate to high myopia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;(5):CD007679. 12) Kamiya K, Shimizu K, Kobashi H, et al. Three-year follow-up of posterior chamber toric phakic intraocular lens implantation for the correction of high myopic astigmatism in eyes with keratoconus. Br J Ophthalmol 2015;99:177-83. 13) Farid M, Steinert RF. Femtosecond laser-assisted corneal surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2010;21:288-92. 14) Choi SK, Kim JH, Lee D. Treatment of corneal opacity by planned lamellar keratectomy using the femtosecond laser. Cornea 2011; 30:907-9. 15) von Jagow B, Kohnen T. Corneal architecture of femtosecond laser and microkeratome flaps imaged by anterior segment optical coherence tomography. J Cataract Refract Surg 2009;35:35-41. 16) Ishikawa S, Kato N, Takeuchi M. Quantitative evaluation of corneal epithelial edema after cataract surgery using corneal densitometry: a prospective study. BMC Ophthalmol 2018;18:334. 17) Cennamo G, Forte R, Aufiero B, La Rana A. Computerized Scheimpflug densitometry as a measure of corneal optical density after excimer laser refractive surgery in myopic eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg 2011;37:1502-6. 18) Rashad MA. Pentacam-based phototherapeutic keratectomy outcome in superficial corneal opacities. Clin Ophthalmol 2012;6:885-94. = 국문초록 = 각막혼탁이있는환자에서스마일수술의단기간임상성적 목적 : 수술전렌티큘형성부위에각막혼탁이있는환자를대상으로시행된스마일수술의임상성적을평가하고자하였다. 대상과방법 : 스마일수술을시행받고 3 개월이상경과관찰이가능하였던환자중수술전렌티큘형성부위에각막혼탁을가진환자 13 명 13 안을대상으로후향적연구를시행하였다. 수술 3 개월후나안시력, 굴절력등을측정하였고, 수술전후세극등현미경을이용하여혼탁의면적을측정하고, 샤임플러그전안부분석기 (Galilei, Ziemer Ophthalmic System, Port, Switzerland) 의농도계를이용하여혼탁의밀도를측정하여서그값을비교하였다. 결과 : 수술전 13 안모두에서렌티큘형성부위에각막혼탁이존재하였고, 평균각막혼탁의면적은 0.72 ± 0.33 mm 2, 평균각막혼탁의밀도는 52.46 ± 15.74 였다. 스마일수술은특별한합병증발생없이진행되었고, 수술후 3 개월동안의검사상효율성지수는 1.01 ± 0.15, 안전성지수는 1.05 ± 0.10, 평균구면렌즈대응치는 -0.03 ± 0.25 였으며혼탁의밀도는 46.85 ± 14.56 (p=0.038) 으로수술전과비교해서유의한감소를보였고혼탁의크기는 0.70 ± 0.36 mm 2 (p=0.776) 로유의한차이를보이지않았다. 스마일수술중합병증은발생하지않았고, 수술후 3 개월간의경과관찰동안합병증은관찰되지않았다. 결론 : 스마일수술은렌티큘형성부위에각막혼탁을가진환자를대상으로합병증없이안전하게시행되었고좋은초기임상성적을보였다. < 대한안과학회지 2019;60(8):719-724> 김부기 / Buki Kim 온누리스마일안과 Onnuri Smile Eye Clinic 724