Landscape Changes of Coastal Lagoons during the 20th Century in the Middle East Coast, South Korea Soon-Ock Yoon*Sangill Hwang**Chung-Sun Park*** Hyo-Seon Kim****Young-Rong Moon**** 7 20 056km 2 92 206km 2 90 096km 86 032km 2 76 090km 2 52 014km 2 50007km 2 32 1190km100334km90721km89 711km79556km79116km62216km58 20 A1A2A3A4 B4B5 B6 AbstractCoastal lagoon has experienced a natural geomorphic development process which has been aggraded after the climax of transgression in Holocene. This study estimates superiority on landscape conservation of lagoons and degree of landscape changes during the 20th century as conservation ratios of area and shore length, and analyzes the causes of the changes and classifies the lagoons based on the data by case study of the major 7 coastal lagoons(hwajinpo, Songjiho, Gwangpoho, Yeongrangho, Maeho, Hyangho, and Gyeongpoho) in the middle East Coast of the Korean Peninsular. Based on the conservation ratios of area and shore length, the areal change is in order of Songjiho(0.56km 2, 92%), Hwajinpo(2.06km 2, 90%), Yeongrangho(0.96km 2, 86%), Hyangho(0.32km 2, 76%), Gyeongpoho(0.90km 2, 52%), Maeho(0.14km 2, 50%), and Gwangpoho(0.07km 2, 32%), and the shore length change is in order of Hwajinpo(11.90km, 100%), Hyangho(3.34km, 90%), Yeongnangho(7.21km, 89%), Gyeongpoho(7.11km, 79%), Songjiho(5.56km, 79%), Gwangpoho(1.16km, 62%), and Maeho(2.16km, 58%). Therefore, the characteristics of landscape changes of the lagoons in the study area can be represented in order of Hwajinpo(A1), Hyangho(A2), (Professor, Dept. of Geography and Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Kyunghee University), soyoon@khu.ac.kr (Associate Professor, Dept. of Geography, Kyungpook National University), hwangsi@knu.ac.kr (Master, Dept. of Geography, Kyunghee University), pcus96@hanmail.net (Graduate student, Dept. of Geography, Kyunghee University), smaplove@knu.ac.kr 449
Yeongrangho(A3), Songjiho(A4), Gyeongpoho(B4), Gwangpoho(B5), Maeho(B6). Serious process for land use and industrial development has changed landscape around lagoons decreasing the area of coastal plains dramatically up to this century. Because small lagoons such as Maeho and Gwangpoho have experienced severe transformation and destruction, and Gyeongpoho was transformed into artificial lake for urbanization and tourism, they show dramatic landscape change. : lagoon, geomorphic development process, landscape change, areal change, shore length change 6000 19811998 1982Toshiyuki and Yoshinori2004 2002ab 2008 NGO 1970 2006 1918 2007 20C 90 10 450
90 2008 2008 7 1 11 125000 20 20cm 1918 2007 59 1918 8 1960 1956 1964 1965 1966 15 19701974 1975197991980198619871988 10 19901996 1998 1999 9 20002005 200620078 90 1918 150000 20 20 451
7 20 GIS 215 1 206km 2 7 2 383m 524km 2007km 2 198m 100150m 20 452
23 20 20 90 60 90 2000 1918 229km 2 1960 207km 2 90 1970 208km 2 91 1980 207km 2 90 1990 210km 2 92 2000 206km 2 90 1190km 20 100 1918 1184km 1960 1175km991970 1172km99 1980 1159km98 1990 1172km992000 1190km100 280m 369km 354km 2 4 1960 1970 5 056km 2 556km 7 1918 061km 2 1960 063km 2 103 1970 059km 2 95 1980 056km 2 92 1990 058km 2 95 2000 056km 2 92 20 70 7 4 2000 92 1970 1980 10 1990 10 2000 9 1918 708km 1960 738km 453
104 1970 633km89 1980 542km 77 1990 626km88 2000 556km 79 4 1970 1980 1970 091km 53 357km 329km 2 6 7 500m 007km 2 116km 20 1918 32 1918 021km 2 131960 023km 2 1091970 019km2871980 018km 2 87 1990 007km232 2000 007km 2 32 18 1970 1990 2055 7 20 58 62 1918 187km 1960 204km104 1970 175km941980 175km94 1990 111km602000 116km62 1970 1990 1034 7 454
100m 549km 922km 2 8 096km 2 721km 2 20 3 20 14 86 1918 111km 2 1960 114km 2 102 1970 106km 2 95 1980 102km 2 92 1990 096km 2 86 2000 096km 2 86 1990 455
1990 9 20 58 1918 375km 1960 195km52 1970 276km74 1980 274km73 1990 230km612000 216km58 1970 74 1990 12 539km 877km 2 314m 456
10 014km 2 216km 1918 20 6 1 1918 2000 50 20 1960 33 1970 60 90 52 1918 029km 2 6 1960 010km 2 33 7 1970 457
018km 2 64 1980 019km 2 65 1990 015km 2 52 13 2000 014km 2 50 11 58 1918 375km 1960 195km 52 1970 276km74 1980 274km 73 1990 230km61 2000 216km 58 305m 569km 794km 2 111m 458
12 032km 2 334km 7 5 2 1960 20 76 4 90 2 13 1918 042km 2 5 1960 036km 2 86 6 1970 030km 2 721980 031km 2 74 1990 032km 2 76 2 1918 371km 1960 390km 105 1970 321km86 1980 334km 90 1990 342km92 2000 334km 90 1980 421m 1354km 3660km 2 7 1960 090km 2 14 20 1918 174km 2 1960 120km 2 69 6 1918 1960 1970 101km 2 58 7 1980 104km 2 601990 093km 2 542000 090km 2 52 3 15 79 1970 65 1918 900km 1960 831km92 1970 588km65 1980 618km69 1990 694km 772000 711km79 1960 1970 22 1970 1960 1970 459
1918 150000 1 20 1918 1960 460
1960 40 103061km 2 063km 2 104708 738km 109021km 2 023km 2 187 204km 33029km 2 010km 2 52375 195km 1918 1960 1970 1960 2 3 1970 65 2 4 6 7 1960 33 64 1918 042km 2 1960 036km 2 1970 030km 2 14 1980 101 104km 2 3 2 588 618km 4 3 1617 1970 1970 1980 1990 104km 2 093km 2 106 60 54 102km 2 096km 2 59 92 86 7 7 1980 018km 2 875 175km 972 007km 2 327 111km 607 210km 2 056km 2 031km 2 019km 2 65 015km 2 52 2000 23 9 461
1918 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 km 2 229 1 207 1 208 1 207 1 210 1 206 1 100 090 4 091 3 090 4 092 2 090 2 km 1184 1 1175 1 1172 1 1159 1 1172 1 1190 1 100 099 4 099 1 098 1 099 1 100 1 km 2 061 4 063 4 059 4 056 4 058 4 056 4 100 103 2 095 1 092 2 095 1 092 1 km 708 4 738 4 633 3 542 4 626 4 556 4 100 104 2 089 4 077 6 088 3 079 4 km 2 021 7 023 6 019 6 018 7 007 7 007 7 100 109 1 087 4 087 5 032 7 032 7 km 187 7 204 6 175 7 175 7 111 7 116 7 100 109 1 094 2 094 2 060 7 062 6 km 2 111 3 114 3 106 2 102 3 096 2 096 2 100 102 3 095 1 092 3 086 4 086 3 km 812 3 800 3 730 2 720 2 703 2 721 2 100 099 4 090 3 089 4 087 3 089 3 km 2 029 6 010 7 018 7 019 6 015 6 014 6 100 033 7 064 6 065 6 052 6 050 6 km 375 5 195 7 276 6 274 6 230 6 216 6 100 052 7 074 6 073 6 061 7 058 7 km 2 042 5 036 5 030 5 031 5 032 5 032 5 100 086 5 072 5 074 5 076 4 076 4 km 371 6 390 5 321 5 334 5 342 5 334 5 100 105 3 086 5 090 3 092 2 090 2 km 2 174 2 120 2 101 3 104 2 093 3 090 3 100 069 6 058 7 060 7 054 5 052 5 km 900 2 831 2 588 4 618 3 694 3 711 3 100 092 6 065 7 069 7 077 6 079 4 1918 7 10 20 145 16 17 19601970 1990 90 2000 1918 92 90867652 5032 100 79 90 89 79 62 58 462
463
7 3660km 2 2000 525 1980 1990 875 327 1918 1960 52 6 20 7 A B A 92 9086 76 525032 100 1902 89 3 79 79 462 5 58 6 1617 20 A1 A2 A3 A4 B4 B5B6 A1 A2 A3 A4 20 GIS B B4 B5 B6 7 20 7 20 90 1190km 20 100 1918 1960 20 1980 1918 20 90 76 4 20 1960 33 52 1970 64 464
1980 1990 2000 20 A1 A2 A3 A4 B4B5B6 A CATER 2008-4305 1981 17241-249 1998 1970 2163-173 2008 1998 332127-142 2002a 2002b 2006 12 449-460 1982 4 Korean Journal of Botany, 2537-53. 1987 p.219 2002 Holocene 483557 Toshiyuki, F. and Yoshinori, Y., 2004, Vegetation history during the Holocene from Lake Hyangho, northeastern Korea, Quaternary International, 123-125, 63-69. 702-701 hwangsi@knu.ac.kr 053-950-5230053-950-6227 Correspondence: Sangill Hwang, Department of Geography, Kyungpook National University, Sangyuk-Dong, Buk-Gu, Daegu, 702-701, Korea(phone: 053-950-5230, fax: 053-950-6227, E- mail: hwangsi@knu.ac.kr) 465