1 01 1 3 4 a a 4 1 2 3 4 01
02 5 6 7 8 10 C D C D 11 C D 1 2 3
+ + +C 1 C+ 4 5 6 02 C D = 1 + 1 + + + 1 2 + 1 1 + +C 1 C+ 3 4 6 7 8 + 1 + 9 H,.N +3H 12,2.NH 11 3333 13 3_2=6 2_3=6 N,1.N +3H 12,2.NH 112 11 1_2=2 2_1=2 10 2H O 12 2H O+O 2 2 1 =221 a 03
04 a 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 + 3 + 1 + 4 H C H O CO 2H +O 12 2H O 112 ++
112 + 112 + 5 6 7 8 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 ++ 9 10 + + - 12 + - 11 12 13 H O CO O H C H O CO O 14 + 1 + (-) (+) 05
06 + 1 + + 1 + + 1 + + 1 + 15 Fe O O Fe+3O 12 2Fe O Fe 4Fe+3O 12 2Fe O C H H H CH +O 12 CO +2H O C O CH +2O 12 CO +2H O 16 H O 21 17 N H NH N +3H 1 2NH 1 3 2 2 6 8 132 1 3 2 4 2 18 19 2CH OH+3O 1 2CO +4H O 1 O g 2 H C H O CO gno gcl Cl - + 21 3 CaCl +Na CO 12 2NaCl+ CaCO CaOH +Na CO 12 2NaOH+ CaCO (-) (+) CaCl +K CO 12 2KCl+ CaCO
CaCO 4 H O CO O O N +3H 12 2NH H +Cl 12 2HCl CaCO +2HCl 1 CaCl +H O+CO 1 2 4 + 1 + CH OH+O 1 CO +H O a=x4a=2ya=ya+2b=2x+y 2CH OH+3O 1 2CO +4H O H C a=1b=5c=1 H O CO O a=2b=1c=1d=1 C H OH+3O 1 2CO +3H O 5 gno Cl gcl C gno gcl gcl N Cl Cu K Fe H HCl NH Mg NaCl 1 2 3 + 1 H +O 1 H O 2H +1O 1 2H O 221 122 212 241 Fe+S 12 FeS C+O 12 CO O 2HgO 1 Hg+O Hg 2HgO 1 2Hg+O N N +O 1 2NO O N +2O 1 2NO O C 2CO+O 1 2CO O 2g O 1 g+o g 2g O 1 4g+O N H Cl P4a=4ca=c O2b=10cb=5c a 1a=1b=5c=1 Naa=2b Ha=2d Ca=b+c O3a=3b+2c+d a 1bcd;2!; _2a=2b=c=d=1 07
ac H OH+bO 1 xco +yh O C2a=x H6a=2y3a=y Oa+2b=2x+y a 1a=1b=3x=2y=3 C H OH+3O 1 2CO +3H O = > 5 6 03 7 = = + 6.8g-3.6g=3.2g 8 41 =41=8gxx=2g 08 N N gn g N N=gg= = = g g ml C 1 2 3 4 9 1 =0.3g3.0-0.6g=0.3g2.4g=18 2 =1.0-0.4g4.8g=0.6g4.8g=18 10 6mL 10% 6mL 10% 6mL 11 12 13 10g 14g 10g4g 10g4g=52 14 12 10 20 10 10 a b a 5
b 4 6.0mL 6.0mL 11 11 D C 2.0mL 2.0mL 1 123 2 1 1 2mL 15% 8mL 15% 8mL g + g g 1 + 1 + 2 3 4 = => 5 09
10 6 7 34g 1 18g+ xg x=16g 8 0.4g 0.5g 0.1g 0.4g0.1g=41 9 41 20g 41=20gx x=5g 20g5g 25g 5g 10 0.3g 0.2g 32 11 32 =325 50g 35=x50gx=30g 12 32 13 0.12g 1.20g 0.24g 18 0.24g 1.92g 0.28g 14 18 18 18 =189 10g80g 90g 15 16 + 1 + 11 C 6mL E 2mL F 4mL D 17 5 N15=20-5 N 5 18 N 1 N 2 N 7g 4g N 3g N N N=4g_13g_2=4g 6g=23 g
1 2.0g 2.5g 0.5g 415 8g2g 10g 2 52 20g 28g 12g 12g 1.5g 13.5g 3 X 0.2g 0.4g O 0.2g X O X 0.2gO 0.2gO 1 X 1 3 X 0.2g 0.8g O 0.6=0.8-0.2gX O 13 XO 4 25 40 20 5 30g 40 20g 20 10g =10g20g=12 5 6 7 10mL 6.0mL 6.0mL 11 10% 10mL 10% 10mL 10mL 10mL g g 1 2 3 4 5 6 11
12 7 CDE F F E 8 9 + 10 11 84g ++ 84g 9g+xg+53g=84g x= 22g 22g 12 13 - (-) + (+) + - 21 21=x 10x=20-20mL - 14 H O CO H C 15 H O H O 2H +O 1 2H O 2 1 2 4 2 6 21 2 1 2 3 2 +
16 2g O 12 4g+O 17 + 12 + 12 ++ 18 + 12 + 19 CaCO +2HCl 12 CaCl +H O+CO 20 21 10 8 g ( ) 0 15 () 8g 10g 2g 41 0.5=8.5-8.0g 41=x0.5g x=2.0g 6.0g 22 2Mg+O 1 2MgO 0.3g 0.5g 0.2g 32 32 15g =32= 15gxx=10g 10g 23 2 0.4g 3.4g 3.2=3.4-0.2g 0.4 3.2=181 0.2g 1.6g 0.4g 2.0=1.6+0.4g 3 0.6g 4.0g 0.6g 0.5g 0.1g 24 11 4mL D D 6mL 6mL 25 =14g_21g_614g_2+1g_6=14317 28g 34g 26 N 1 N 2 15 N 26 N 13 2 N N N N N=3g2_4g=38 30g N 80g N 110g 13
01 W_h+W_h+W_h=Wh Wh_=Wh=kWh kwh_/kwh= Wh kwh 9 1J 1V 1 1 10 = =10V_2_20s=400J V 11 E= t R 1 1 = =31 3X 9X 12 = =_ cal cal cal C J D W X W Wh Wh 2 N kg Jcal 3 4 2 2 4 36cal_4=144cal 5 2 2 36cal_2=72cal 13 =_=100V_4=400W 14 PÅPı=RÅRı=4X6X=23 15 = 200V = = =400X 100W 100W =_= = =0.5 200V 16 ;2!; ;2!; ;4!; =100W_;4!;=25W 17 =_=40W_2_4h_10=3200Wh 18 =_=100W_5h=500Wh 19 14 6 ;2!; 2 2 36cal_2=72cal 7 8 a b 6 = =5X10X 15X=123 a
b 6 X X 1 5 2æ 8æ =14 14 ;4!; 20_;4!; =5X 2 1 1.5æ 4.5æ =13 =31 ;3!; 1_;3!;=1X 3 J J W kwh 4 ;2!; 2 2 5 6 QÅQıQÇ=2X4X6X=123 C 7 8 1 1 1 I 2X I 4X I 6X =Q 2X Q 4X Q 6X = =632 2X 4X 6X 9 R R+R+R+R=R R R + =R 1 2 3 2 2 4 6æ 6æ_4=24æ R_R =R R+R R R+ = R V 60V 10 E= t= _60=7200J R 30X R 15
16 V 2V 11 1X I= = =2 R 1X 2X 2 2X E 2X =I Rt=2 _2X_20s=160J 12 18V 3X V 18V E 3X = t= _10=1080J R 3X 13 1J 1V 1 1 14 1Wh=1J/s_1h=1J/s_3600s= 3600J1kWh=3600000J=3600kJ 15 =10X+20X=30X 12V = = =0.4 30X = _=0.4 _20X=3.2W P 1000W 16 I= = =10 V 100V 1 200J 1 =200_60=12000J 17 C D D 18 =60_5W_4h+300W _2h+250_2W_2h+100W_24h=5200Wh 30=5200_30 =156000Wh=156kWh 19 30 =63W_2h_30= 3780Wh=3.78kWh1kWh1000 =3.78kWh_1000/kWh=3780 1100W 20 = = =5 220V =_=1100W_1h=1100Wh 220V = = =44X 5 110V = = =275W 44X 21 W = +kwh_/kwh+kwh_ /kwh=++= 1 C 2XC C C=21C C=321 C 111 321 321 3 2 V 6 V C 1= 1+ 1 = 1 R V R=X 12V 2 100X 10X 100X 10X 1 3 220V 5 220V_ 5=1100W 1100W TV 550W 1100W-550W=550W550W 4 V 100V V 100V RÅ= = =200XRı= = =50X PÅ 50W Pı 200W V 100V I= = =0.4 R 250X 41 41 80V 20V
5 ;2!; ;2!; ;4!; 6 150kWh 820 1kWh 100kWh 50101200kWh 100 150kWh 100kWh 50 50kWh 100 =820+100kWh_50/kWh +50kWh_100/kWh=820+5000+5000 =10820 7 D D D 2 N 3 N N 4 a b 5 N 6 7 N 9 S C N N S N C 02 C 1 N S 10 N C D 11 12 13 17
18 a b a 5 N b 4 1 2 N S 3 S N 1 N 2 N S 3 C 4 N S C N 5 S N N 6 7 8 P Q D 9 N N 10 11 N 12 S N N N S S
13 C C N S N C N C 14 N S 15 N N 16 N S 17 18 N N 19 S N N N S N S S >>> 1 N 2 N S N 3 S N 4 S N + - N S - + 5 N S N S + - N S - + 6 N S N S 19
7 =2_15_15_ 210_2=251020 8 9 03 10 20 1 2 3 4 90 5 90 6 7 a b 5 a 5 b 1 C S D C N 2 3
4 5 6 + 1 C N C S D - N S 7 8 2 3 N S D C 9 N S S N N S S N 21
10 d b a c b a 11 12 13 C C 17 18 19 22 N 14 C CD 15 N S N 16 C S 1 C >>C 2 3 + + + + + + + +
4 5 6 7 N S 1 2 18V 3 =3X+6X=9X = = 9X =2 3X 5 E=I Rt=2 _3X_300s=3600J 18V 4 =9XI =I = =2 9X V =2_3X=6VV =2_6X=12V =2XV =V =18V J 18V 18V I = =6I = =3 3X 6X 6_2=1212_2=2418_6=10818 _3=54 >>> 5 30W+60W+1200W+100W_1h=1390Wh 30W P=VI V 200V 6 P= = =800W R 50X P=I R=2 _100X=400W P=VI=200V_15=3000W 1000W 24000J = =400W 60s 220V 7 = = = =880X 55W 8 =55W_10h=550Wh=0.55kWh 11 12 N 13 14 16 17 18 19 CD 23
5 01 24 C h= D 1 C D E 2 3 15 / 4 () 6 7 8 1 9 10 12 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 23.5 9 8 7 6 5
11 66.5 15 30 30 P 12 C D 23.5 b 7 13 14 b a C c 23.5 D d a b a 7 C 1 1 2 1 15 2 30 3 1 15 60 =4 15 9+4= 1 4 1 1 C 60 25
5 1 C D P a b a 8 9 26 2 E 3 4 2 30 5 6 1 15 h 15 _3=45 10 11 1 1 12 C D C
1 6 22 9 23 8 15 [13~14] 1 13 14 5 15 66.5 = = 23.5 16 D 17 12 11 2 10 3 C 9 4 23.5 C D 8 7 5 6 18 D C C 19 1 2 D 23.5 C D C 23.5 ' + &, % * ) $ #! " 27
C 6 22 6 7 3 23.5 h=90 - -23.5 =90-38 -23.5 =28.5 4 90-35 90-35 =55 5 66.5 6 a b 23.5 23.5 a 15 180 12 6 1 13 2 02 C E D F C G H E H C G 3 2223 6 4 C 28 7 66.5 66.5 5 27.3 27.3 29.5
6 7 8 C * - 1 2 D, ) 9 10 5 a b 7 6 6 12 3 a 7 b + 1 2 C 3 C D 23 78 15 2223 2829 1 E 6 6 4 6 H F G 29
5 13 50 6 8 9 S S C C 10 11 27.3 30 30 13?2.2 2.2 29.5 12 27.3 27.3 29.5 13 S1 S2 14 C 15 * ) -, 16 + E D C 30 C D 17 18
19 5 20 4 5 5 1 C S 1 S 2 6 13 7 27.3 C29.5 2 3 C D C 5 03 C D _ km 31
32 1 2 3 4, ) * + "& C C 5 24 7 =_ 280 280 0.72 1 028 - = _ 2 280 =3_10fi km/s_ 2 1 = - =1-0.72=0.28 a b a 7 SE SV b 5 E 2 144 M 42 S 112 144 E 1 112 42 1 5cm3.6cm=1x x=0.72 _ ' ' S E cm E 48 cm 2 S E SE M 42 E 144 S SE 112 SE 144 E 1 112 42 M SM V S E 48 V E
3 42 1 1 322 360 322=687-365 322 42 =360 -{360 _ } 365 =_ km x x=_ km _ km 1 2 3 6 7 >>>> 8 C F C E D C D D E F E 9 E 10 E E 11 12 S C C 48 13 14 15 1 1322 360 322=687-365 16 =1 =1.5 =1.5_10 km =x 11.5=1.5_10 kmx x=1.5_1.5_10 km=2.25_10 km 33
17 = _ =3.0_10fi km/s_ 2 280s 2 18 1.5_10 km 10.72=1.5_10 kmx x=1.08_10 km 19 = _30 =1.5_10 km_30=4.5_10 km cmcm=_ kmx 6 4 3 D 3 D 5 365 687 360 365=x687 D E 2 144 S M 112 687 x=360_?678 365 678 720 h=720-678 =42 E 1 1 2 3 C 6 5cm7.5cm=1.5_10 kmx x=2.25_10 km 7.5cm5cm=x1.5_10 km D 48æ 34 C D _ km
1 D 2 15 /h 4 60 3 1 15 1 15 2 C 30 4 5 6 1 7 9 [8~9] C D E 10 11 12 1 9 2 3 4 23.5 8 8 5 7 6 C D 23.5 9 a 11 2223 12 C 13 14 15 C C C C 16 17 24 18 19 = _;2!;_ =3_10fi km/s_;2!;_280s`?`4.2_10 km 35
7 RrYy RrYy 01 = = C 1 1 2 rryy r Y 8 1F 9 2F 4 = =9331 10 R 11 F =9331 ;1ª6; 1600_;1ª6;=900 36 3 4 6 F P Y y F Yy F F F 31 12 1F P RW a a 1 [2~3] F F 1
F 31 4 1 Rr 2 RRRrrr=121 RR Rr RR ;4!;_200=50 6 2 YYYyyy=1 21 YY ;4!; 400_;4!;=100 7 2 =31 ;4!; 25% 8 Rr rr Rr rr=11 100 100_;2!;=50 1 = 9 a 10 R Y % P RRYY rryy 1 RR F 1? rr 1 Rr F 2 P F 1 2 RR R rr r 3 1 YY 4 Y y 1 Yy 5 1 1 2 31 1 2 31 11 F =9331 ;1 6; 800_;1 6;=150 12 F RRYYRRyyrrYYrryy 4 ;1 6; 800_;1 6;=200 = = 37
1 1 2 2n n 3 4 5 1 1 Yy P F 1 =100 10 F RRRrrr=121 11 11 rr r RR_rr Rr RR_Rr RR Rr Rr_Rr RRRr rr 31 RR_RR RR 12 1 Tt 1 2 Tt_Tt TT2Tttt 13 F =31 F F RrYy F =31 3 F 14 F RrYy RYRy ryry=1111 6 15 F ;1 6; F Yy Y y Y y F 400 400_;1 6;=75 38 7 1 2 1 8 2 RRRrrr=121 ;4!; 2 400 400_;4!;=100 9 F RrF RR2Rrrr F ;4@; 200_;4@; 16 F F RrYy ;1 6; 100_;1 6;=25% 17 RRYY RrYy RY RYRyrYry RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYy
18 2 =121 19 RR WW F F RW 20 RW_RW RRRWWW =121 ;4!; 200_;4!;=50 21 RR RW RW WW RW_WW RW WW = 11 2 C YY Yyy y C Yy C 3 Tt_Tt TT Tttt= 31 C D 4 F P 5 TtRW TRTWtRtW 4 ttrw trtw 2 TtRR TtRW ttrr ttrw TtRW TtWW ttrw ttww 1 =11 YY 11 Yy C 31 C Yy ttww ;8!; 800_;8!;=100 6 1 1 7 2 39
40 02 '' ' ' '''' _ 1 2030 3 > 4 Tt 5 Rr 6 Ee 7 O O 8 O O 10 XY X'X'XY_X'X' XX'X'Y 11 XY_XX' X'Y_XX' ' XX XY XX' XY ' XX' X'Y ' X'X' X'Y 12 r Rr rr rr 50% 1 2 E F X'Y XX' X'Y_XX' XX' X'X'XY X'Y 50% % % % % % 3 X'Y 25% 4 XY X'Y 50% 5 X F X' C a b ' ' ' '' ' a 5 Tt 25%Tt_Tt TTTtTttt tt
b 4 XX' X'Y XX'X'X'XYX'Y X 50% X ' ' ' 1 2 XX' X'Y_XX' XX'X'X'XYX'Y 50% ' ' ' ' ' ' '' '' 3 ' % 1 2 3 1 1 1 4 5 Tt Tt Tt TTTt 6 2 Tt Tt 6 7 Tt tt Tt_tt Tttt 50% 8 RR rrrr_rr Rr 0% 41
42 9 Rr rr Rr rr Rrrr=11 50% 10 12 5 1 2 Ee ee 7 8 12 7Ee 3 4 9 3 4 Ee =31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 11 _OO OO O 12 O O O_ O 13 O O 14 O O O O O O 15 X 16 X X'Y XX' X C XXXX' ' ' '' 17 X'Y C XX'X'Y_XX' XX'X'X'XYX'Y 50% 18 X X'Y_ XX' XX'X'X'XYX'Y 50% 19 X'Y O XX' OO X'Y_XX' XX' X'X' XY X'Y O_OO OOO O = _O =;4!;_;2!;_100= 12.5% C ' ' 'D C D ' ''? ' ' E' ' '''' ()
' ''? ' O ' O ' 20 X'Y XX'XY_XX' XXXX'XY X'Y 21 1 2 4 7 4 9 3 43 4 3 X'X'_XY XX'X'Y _ 4 5 1 1 6 1 2 O O O 03 1 43
2 3 4 1 5 2 7 9 11 1 O 44 a b a 6 b 4 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 DN DN 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 2 3 45
46 4 5 6 % % 1 RRRr 2 3 F Rr R r F F =31 F P RR rr F 1 F 2 () 4 Rr_Rr RR2Rrrr 2 ;4!; 800_;4!;=200 5 Tt_ tt Tttt 11 6 Yy_Yy YY2Yyyy 31 YY_YYYY_Yy Yy_yy Yyyy 11 7 F =9331 F ;1ª6; F 3200 3200_;1ª6;=1800 8 rryy 11 R r Rr Y Y YY yy RrYY 9 RW WW RW_WW RWWW RW
RR 0% 10 11 e Ee_ ee Eeee 50% 12 tt tt Tt tt_tt Tttt 50% 13 E Rr FGHJ K FRr Rr rr Rr I Rr C D Rr RR Rr C D E F G H I J K 14 Dd 15 O O O 16 _OO OO _O _OO 17 X 18 19 X XY_XX' XYX'YXXXX' 50% 20 X'Y XX' XX'_XY XXXX'XYX'Y 50% 21 O X'Y XX X'Y_XX XX'XY XX' 22 23 24 25 26 27 47
J V J W Wh X W Wh 48 2Mg+O 12 2MgO += + g g x= g JJ W WhW kwh N S
>> _ km ' ' => % % % ' % ' g g g 49
50 1 2NaHCO 12 Na CO +H O+CO = + + 8.4=x+0.9+2.2x=5.3(g) 5.3g 2 H SO +a(oh) 12 2H O+aSO 35g 25g 60g 20g = + x 60=20+xx=40g 40g 3 2H O 12 2H O+O = + 136=72+xx=64g 64g g g g = g g g 1 41 10g 41=10 xx=2.5(g) 10g+ 2.5g=12.5g =45=10xx=12.5g 2 41 43g9g 43g =4 1=43xx=10.75g 9g 9g =41=x9 x=36g 9g 36g 45g 43g-36g=7g 3 12g 20g 20g-12g=8g 128=32 4 18 8.0g 1.0g 2.3g-1.0g=1.3g 5 1:8:9 ;9!; ;9*; 4.5g 4.5_;9!;=0.5(g) 4.5_;9*;=4.0(g) cal æ cal æ 1 =10X20X=12 2 12 20cal_2=40cal 3 12 3æ_2=6æ 4 1 1 = =23 15X 10X 5 23 20cal_;2#;=30cal 6 23 3æ_;2#;=4.5æ J J J J J J 1 E=VIt=220V_1.5_30s=9900J
2 E=I Rt=(2) _10X_10s=400J V (10V) 3 E= t= _60s=600J R 10X V 4 E= t= R (9V) 10X _(5_60)s=2430J 15V 5 =5X+10X=15X = =1 15X 5X E=I Rt=1 _5X _5_60=1500J 6 10X = =15V 10X V (15V) E= t= _5_60=6750J R 10X 1 2 3 3 7 25 4 12 22 5 6 22 W W X V W Wh Wh kwh [6~9] 10 9 11 8 1 P=VI=200V_4=800W 12 7 D 2 P=VI=220V_5=1100W C P 2200W 1 6 3 P=VI I= = =10 V 220V 2 5 3 4 V V (220V) P=VI= R= = =22X R P 2200W 6 6 22 (100V) 4 100V50W = 50W =200X 7 9 23 (100V) 100V200W = =50X 200W 8 C 41 41 3 100V50W =100_;5$;=80V 9 C 3 100V200W =100_;5!;=20V V (20V) P=VI= = =8W R 50X 5 =Pt=250W_10h=2500Wh 6 2 30 2.5 =Pt=800W_2.5h=2000Wh 7 =Pt=220W_10_30h =66000Wh=66kWh 51
1 2 10 6 c 9 23 d 12 22 3 4 90-47+23.5=66.5 90-47-23.5=19.5 5 90-37=53 6 90-37+23.5=76.5 7 D 90-37-23.5=29.5 8 - =76.5-29.5=47 9 40 40 90--23.5=90-40-23.5=26.5 5 6 7 8 52 1 90- =90-30=60 2 90-+23.5=90-30+23.5=83.5 90--23.5=90-30-23.5=36.5 3 - =(90-+23.5)-(90--23.5)=47 47 4 =90-=43 47 1 2F =31 F 600_;4!;=150 2 2F =31 F 1000_;4#;=750 3 F =9331 ;1 6; 1600_;1 6;= 100 4 F F =9331 ;1ª6; 160_;1ª6;=90 5 F =9331
;1 6; 3600_;1 6;= 675 % % 1 tt Tt Tt_tt Tttt 50% 2 RrRr_rr Rrrr 3 O O 4 O O O 5 O X'YXX' % X'YXX' % 1 X'Y XX' X'Y_XX' XX'X'X'XYX'Y ;4!;_100=25% 2 X' X'Y XX' 3 X'YX' XX' X 50% g 1 2 12 ++ 3 12 + 4 + 12 ++ H OHCO C 53
54 5 41 41 24g 6g 24g+6g= 30g 41 415 =15 60g =15=x60, x=12g 12g 6 6mL 6mL 11 6mL 6mL 6mL 6mL 11 10mL 10mL 1 = =6V_2_10s=120J 2 C=111 C=2X4X6X=123 C 123 4X 200cal 3 1 1 1 C= =632 2X 4X 6X C=632 4X 60cal 4 100V100W =_ 100W = = =1 100V V V 100V P= R= R P 100W 100V =100X =50X 200W C 100V 100W =100W_2=200J CD 100V D 200W D C 5 N S 6 CD _ km
1 CE G C C 15 2 D 3 E F E C D E 4 1 : 0.72=1.510 : x x=1.0810 km % 1 F YY Y F F 31 F Yy yy Yyyy= 11 2 1 RrYy 2 =93=31 2 30 =270909030 270+90=360 3 Tt Tt Tt 4 XXXX' D C X'Y XX' X'Y_XX' XX'X'X'XYX'Y 50% 5 6 55
56 = > g g g g 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 C 9 D 11 12 13 + 12 + 12 12 + 14 15 16 17
2H O 12 2H +O 134 233-18 19 20 21 22 + 12 + + 12 + + 12 + + 12 + + 12 + 23 21 2 24 25 26 CaCO CaCl H O CO 27 28 29 30 31 32 2NaHCO 12 Na CO +H O+CO 84g = 53g + 9g + 22g 33 34 4g 5g 45 41 45 15 10g 2g 57
35 41 41= 6xx=1.5g 1.5g = + 6g+1.5g=7.5g 7.5g 36 4g 32g 36g 37 38 D 11 6mL 6mL 8mL 6mL 39 40 41 1 =3.8-0.2)2.4=32 0.6g 32=0.6x x=0.4g 1.0g=0.6g+0.4g 42 14317 1.4g 1.7g 2 3 4 5 CD C D 58 01 1 6
6 02 1 2 7 H O CO 2CH OH+3O 12 4H O+2CO 03 1 3 4 2 5 3 4 16g 59
34g= 18g+ 16g 5 32 1.51.0= 3.02.0=4.53.0=6.04.0=32 1 1 R R R R 1 1 J R R J W W Wh Wh N 60 6 6mL 6mL 6mL 11 7 12 N 5g 3g N 2gN N 3 N 3g3_2g=36=12 8 W 1 2 3 2 ;2!; ;2!; 2 2 4 4 5 1 1 1 =632 10X 20X 30X 6 7
8 ;2!; 2 2 9 2 2 5 2_2_5=20 100cal_20=2000cal V 100V 10 = t= _60s=30000J R 20X 11 =_= 200V = = =800X 50W 200V = = =0.25 800X 200V 12 = = =80X 500W 100V 100V = = =125W 80X ;2!; ;2!; ;4!; 125W 30V 13 = =2 10X+5X 10X = _ =2 _10X=40W 14 =_ 15 = _ =60W_5_ 10h+1000W_3h=6000Wh=6kWh 16 6kW 6kWh_30=180kWh 180kWh_100/kWh=18000 17 _ 18 19 = _ 8 10W_8=80W 20 N 21 N S N 22 N S N S a N 23 N S S N 24 C 90 D 180 25 26 27 28 61
62 29 30 31 N S N S N 32 33 34 35 C 36 37 39 P b Q h 40 CD 41 N S N N 42 43 44 1 2 3 4 ;2!; ;2!; ;4!; ;4!; 01 V=IR V ;2!; I ;2!; P=VI ;4!;
2 S S N 5 =5X+10X=15X 15V = = =1 15X P=I R=1 _10X=10W 6 ab a b 7 02 1 NS c N S 3 4 DD D 5 6 63
7 N N 8 3 0 0 4 a c b a b c 64 03 1 2 5 6 >>C
7 _ km 2 3 15 2 30 4 5 6 7 8 c 9 11 30 9 23 12 22 10 a 37 90-37 -23.5 =29.5 11 12 31 12 22 3 21 12 13 14 15 P 37 23.5 16 13 50 17 180 13 18 6 19 20 G 21 E 22 C 29.5 23 2.2 65
66 24 25 26 D 27 28 29 30 31 48 3 24 1 30 33 >>>> 34 D 35 CD 36 23 D E 38 687-365 39 h= 360 - _360?42 365 40 48 41 42 0.72 1.5_10 km 0.72_1.5_10 km=1.08_10 km 43 301.5_10 km_30=4.5_10 km 44 D 45 24 48 01 1 2 3 2 15 15 4
5 6 66.5 02 1 2 1 13 3 7 CD 4 6 6 6 8 26.5 23.5 40 90-40 -23.5 =26.5 5 9 D 1 3 90 6 67
7 29.5 8 C D E 2 3 C 4 9 5 =c_ 280 10.28=x{c_ } 2 280 2 10 x={c_ } 6 1x=57.5x=1.5 7 03 1 8 68
Tt 9 F RrYy 4RYRyrYry 11 11 10 R Y 11 F = 9331 F ;1 6; % ' % % 3 4 480_;1 6;= 90 12 F RR RW WW=121 1 0% 13 F RrYy RYRyrYry rryy ry 14 15 16 t Tt Tt 5 PYY yy F Yy 17 Tt Tt TT Tt Tt tt 75% 25% 6 yy Yy Yy_yy Yyyy ;2!; 50% 7 F F YYYyyy12 1 YY Yy12 8 tt TT 18 Tt 25%Tt_Tt TTTtTttt 19 RR_Rr RRRr U 20 O 3 21 O_O O _O 69
O_OO O_O O O_OO 01 70 22 O O 23 OO_O OOOO 24 X Y X 25 X'YXX' XX'X'X'XYX'Y 50% 26 XY X'X'XYX'X' XX'X'Y 27 X X 29 X'X' XX' XY XX XY XX' X'Y 30 ;2!; ;4!; 31 32 33 34 36 37 39 1 3 2 3 CD 4 1 2 9331 31
5 6 1 1 7 1 Y y 1 2 31 2 Tt tt 3 Rr rr 4 O O 2 3 => 5 O O O _ 02 1 6 X 7 50% 71
XX'_X'Y XX'X'X'XY X'Y X'X' 50% X '' 5 6 03 1 2 7 3 8 72 4