1997 - - A Study on Forest Policy in Korea by Imperial Japan - With an Emphasis on the National Forest Policy - 1997. 5.

- - A S tudy on the Chos un Fo re s t Policy unde r the Rule of Japanese Imperialism - W ith an E m phas is on the N ational F ores t Policy - 1997 8

1997 - - A Study on Forest Policy in Korea by Imperial Japan - With an Emphasis on the National Forest Policy - 1997. 5.

- - A S tudy on the Chos un F ores t Policy under the Rule of Imperialis t Japan - W ith an E m phas is on the N ational F ores t Policy - 1997 4 1997 7 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

1904 1945,. (1904 1926) (1926 1945).. (1904 1910) (1910 1926). (1926 1936) (1936 1945).. (1904), (1910), (1926) (1936).. (1904 1910) [ ],. (1906.10),,. (1910 1926) (1911) 7 iv

. (1926 1936) ( ),,. (1936 1945) ( ),,..,. 1920 1929. 1920.. 1933... 1937. v

6.,.,. 1 (1908) 19,,,,..,..... 10.8% 299,050 (1908) 99.6%.,. vi

. ;, ( ),,,, vii

iv i I. 1. 1. 4. 6. 7. 11. 13. 13. (1904 1910) 16 1. - 16 2. 19 3., 21 4. 28 5. 32. (1910 1926) 34 1. 34 1) 36 36 38 40 43 44 2) 52 52 54 - iv -

56 58 60 2. 64 1) 64 64 66 69 2) 79 3. 82 1) 84 2) 85 3) 89 4) 91 4. (1911 1924) 101 5. (1917 1924) 104 6. (1926 1934) 111. 116. 141. 141. (1926 1936) 142 1. 142 1) 143 2) 145 3) 147 147 150 152 156 159 2. 163 - v -

1) 163 2) 169 169 171 172 3. 175 1) 175 2) 177 178 183. (1936 1945) 186 1. 187 2. 188 3. (1942) 190 4. 193 5. 196. 201 1. 201 2. 203. 209. 212. 212. 213 1. 213 2. 221 1) 221 2) 227 (1910 1940) 227 (1908 1942) 239 243 247 - vi -

. 250 1. 250 2. 254 3. 256. 260. 268. 274. 282 1. 2. ABST RACT 285 - vii -

< 2-1> (1907 1909) 26 < 2-2> (1907 1909) 27 < 2-3> (1908 3 1911 9 ) 31 < 2-4> 33 < 2-5> 43 < 2-6>,, 49 < 2-7> 51 < 2-8> (1910 1923) 63 < 2-9> 67 < 2-10> 68 < 2-11> (1910 1924) 70 < 2-12> 72 < 2-13> (1910-1925) 73 < 2-14> (1910 1926) 77 < 2-15> (1910 1924) 79 < 2-16> 81 < 2-17> (1910 1941) 95 < 2-18> (1939 ) 96 < 2-19> 1 99 < 2-20> 5 100 < 2-21> 103 < 2-22> 107 < 2-23> 113 < 2-24> 115 < 3-1> 1924 148 < 3-2> 151 < 3-3> 153 < 3-4> 154 - viii -

< 3-5> 155 < 3-6> 1926 157 < 3-7> 158 < 3-8> 160 < 3-9> (1931 1940) 170 < 3-10> 172 < 3-11> (1933) 173 < 3-12> 179 < 3-13> (1934 1938) 180 < 3-14> (1935 1938) 181 < 3-15> 195 < 3-16> 198 < 3-17> 200 < 3-18> 202 < 3-19> (1935) 204 < 3-20> 1933 ( ) 206 < 3-21> 1933 207 < 3-22> 1933 208 < 4-1> (1927 1941) 214 < 4-2> (1927 1941) 215 < 4-3> 216 < 4-4> (1927 1941) 218 < 4-5> 222 < 4-6> (1910 1940) 225 < 4-7> 1938 226 < 4-8> (1910 1940) 229 < 4-9> 230 < 4-10> 231 < 4-11> 233 < 4-12> (1911 1938) 236 < 4-13> (1911 1938) 238 < 4-14>,, 240 - ix -

< 4-15>, 242 < 4-16> (1912 1938) 244 < 4-17> (1921 1937) 246 < 4-18> (1924 1942) 247 < 4-19> (1932 1935) 248 < 4-20> (1927 1932) 250 < 4-21> 252 < 4-22> (1910 1942) 253 < 4-23> (1924 1942) 254 < 4-24> (1924 1942) 255 < 4-25> (1910 1925) 257 < 4-26> (1934 1938) 259 < 4-27> 264 - x -

< 2-1> (1910 1934) 93 < 3-1> (1943 7 1 ) 193 < 4-1> (1910 1940) 224 < 4-2> (1930 1942) 232 < 4-3> (1908 1939) 241 - xi -

[ ] 119 1. 119 2. 121 3. 123 4. 128 5. 133 6. 138 < 1> 125 < 2> 135 < 3>, 136-12 -

I.. GNP 0.2%, 11%(1995). 71% 1 2.4ha, (1.3ha/ ).,.,,. 9.55m3/ ha(1960) 48m3/ha(1995)..?, 1). 1),,. - 1 -

2).., 6,,,,. 3),.., 2), - ( ) (, 1994,, 13, p.13). ( ) (, p. 13). 3) (, ).. - 2 -

., ( ) (, ).,.. 1),? 2)? 3)? 1) 2) 1), 2), 3), 4), 5).,. (1910 1926) ( ) ( ) ( ). - 3 -

., 1),, 2),,,,, 3),, 4),....... - 4 -

. ( ) 4).,, (, ),,..,,... 1920,,, ( ),.,.. (1926 1936),. 4), 1996, - -, p.19,. - 5 -

...,.. 1942 417, 5 ( ). 1910 1925 84.6% 1926 60%... (1908) (1926 1934). [ ]. - 6 -

.....,.,,., ( ) (,,, ). (1945) 5).,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, ( ) 5), 1945, (, ),, < >. - 7 -

6).,,... 1946 (1946) 7). 6 25 (1911). 1961. (1964), 8). 1965 (1965) 9). 6) < > 3/5. 1941. 1939 1941 5. 7), 1946,,. 8), 1977, -,., 1983, [ ] - 1906-1932 -. - 8 -

.. (1965).,,,, 10).,, 1939,.. 1970 1980. (191 9), 1965,,, 297, pp.1 17. 10).., 3 ( =, =, = ) = ( ) (, 1989, - -, p.30, ). - 9 -

7 1924) 11),.,,. 1990., 12). 13). 14) (1992). 1910 1919, 1939 11), 1983, [ ],,, 33, pp.129 157., 1984, [ ],,, 34, pp.93 131. 12), 1995, - -,, 3 1, pp.29 44., 1996, :, 1996,, pp.207 219., 1995, (1906 1910) :, 84:1:48 62., 1996,, 4 1, pp.1 20. 13),, 1994,, 2 1, pp.11 12. 14), 1992,,, 12:71 86. - 10 -

.,. 1926 1936 (1926) 15), 16)., (,, ),..,,.,,,, ( ),. [ ], [ ], [ ] [ ]. 15), 1996, 1926 1936, - (1926) -,, 85 3, pp.381-395. 16), 1988,, 17 18, pp.483 507., 1995,, 22, pp.149 182. - 11 -

( ) ( ). [ ] (1926 1934) ( ). (1/50 ; < 1> ). - 12 -

.. I 1),, 2)..,,.. (1964) ( ) ( ) (1939 1945 ) 17)., (1910 1925), (1926 1936), (1937 1945) 18). 1926 1937.., 1), 2) 17), 1964,, pp.162 195. 18), 1965,,. - 13 -

, 3), 4)....,..,, 1920 ( ), 1920,..,,.. 1904 1945 42-14 -

. 1900 (Sphers of Influence) 1904.. (1904), (1910), (1926), (1936). 1), 2). (1911),. (1904 1926 ), (1926 1945 ). (1904 1926 ), (1908), (1911), (1911 1924), (1917 1924). (1904 1910)., 1910-15 -

.,. :.,....,,... (1904 1926) :, 1. 19) - 19) 1904 2 1910 8. - 16 -

. ( ).,,. 1904 2 23. 8 22.,,, 10 100. 1905 11 9 ( ). (Resident General) 20).?, ( ),, 20) ( ) 3 [ (Resident- General). (Resident). ]. - 17 -

21).. (Openheim), (L.P.Cobett), 22).,,, (1902)..., 23)... 1906 2.. 21) Frederic L. Schuman, 1954, Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences; Sphers of Influence, p.297. 22) Frederic L. Schuman, 1954, Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences; Sphers of Influence, p.298. 23) Frederic L. Schuman, 1954, Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences; Sphers of Influence, pp.297 298. - 18 -

,. 2..,. ( ) 24) 6,., 25) (1904 1910). ( ),. 24) :. (, : ). ( 37 1 pp. 351-356 [ ],,, 1995,,, p. 167) 25), 1904-1910, 31:221,. - 19 -

. ( 1 ) ( 63 ), ( 24 ), ( 65 ). ( 57 ), ( 14 ) 26) ( 13 ). 1902,.,. 27) 1926 28),. 26), (1910 4 ).,,,,,,, 27) 1910 9 29 367. 28) 1926 6 163. - 20 -

3.,. 29) 1), 2).. 30),,., 1) 2) 3) 4) 5). 1), 2), 3), 4), 5). 1) 2) 3) 4).,.,. ( ) (III ).. 29) 1907 12 13 57 30) 2 (1908) 1 28. - 21 -

,.,. 1896, ( ). 1896 9 8, (J.I.Brtner) 31) 32). (gun- boat policy), ( ).,,. (New Course) 33). 31) <, 1988,, 17 18, pp.483-507>. 32). (, 1990, - 19 20, 11, p.81). 33), 1988,, pp.493-494. - 22 -

.,.,. (1905 2 23 ) - ( - ) 34). 1904 5 12 ( ) 5 18 ( ). 5 19 ( ).,, 35). 12 7. 34) 1896 (Brumel),. 20, 25% 1,228. 1900, 395. 720, 45.1% 325 (, [ ], p,793)., 1988, I,, pp.99 103.. 35) 1904 5 19 [ ](, (5), pp.326-327) - 23 -

, 36) 1904 8 13,.. 1905 10 6, ( ) 37),. 12 10 ( ). 200. ( ) ( ), ( ). 12, 1 12 36. 1905 11 ( ) - -,.,. (1906 2 36) 1904 5 19 ( ) [ ](, (5), pp.326-327). 37),., ( ) 1. - 24 -

) 38) (1906 10 ), (60 )., ( 211 )., 1907 5, (1907 12 )., ( 1 ),, ( 9 ) (, 1907).,,.. < 2-1> 1907 1909 3,, 60 70%. 3 22 m3.,,.. 1906 1,170m3, 1907 2,670m3., 39). 38) < > 10 10 19, < ( )> 10 10 27. - 25 -

< 2-1> (1907 1909) ( : m3) % % & 1907 42,397 31,469 73,866 10,020-10,020 52,417 62.5 31,469 37.5 83,886 100 1908 28,267 20,452 48,719 40,259-40,258 68,526 77.0 20,452 23.0 88,978 100 1909 35,764 10,469 46,233 284 1,229 1,513 36,047 75.5 11,698 24.5 47,746 100 :,, pp.9 10.,. 1907, 1908 (,, ),,. 1909 ( ) 1910 40).?. (1907) 7 8 (< 2-2> )., 39), 1965,. p.55 40), 1965,, p.55. - 26 -

. < 2-2> (1907 1909) ( : ) 1907 1,043,404.830 1,089,831.550-46,426.720 1908 1,538,870.610 1,454,531.770 84,338,840 1909 2,624,189.550 2,548,811.550 75,378.000 :, :, p. 286,,. 41).,,,,,. 1906, 1907 42).. ( ). 43). 41), 1913,, pp.70 85. 42), :, p. 298,. 43) 74-27 -

(1931) (1932). 4. 1,800 44)... 20. 22 1) ( 1 ), 2) ( 2 ), 3) ( 3, 4, 5 ), 4) 45), 19...,. ( 19 ) 1910,,. 1 ( ) 2. 44), 1991, 1. 45), 1990, ( ), p.66. - 28 -

.... 46). 1908 3 ( )... 47).. 3, 1906. 46),, 1995, (1906-1910) - -, 84 1, pp.48-62.. 47), 1933, :, p.24,. - 29 -

. 48) 49)..,. 1906., 1906 9 ( ). 48) [ ] [ ] (, 1908 12 15 ).( ) 49) (1908 12 25 ) [ ]. - 30 -

[.. ( - ), - - - ] 50) ( ) 1908 3 63 1911 4 (< 2-3> ). < 2-3> (1908 3 1911 9 ) ( : ; ) 2 4 6 151.9824 260.9500 412.9224-1 1-131.7316 131.7316 1 2 3 6.1202 475.8212 481.9414 6 1 7 1,068.9722 7.0000 1,075.9722 2-2 2,780.7018-2,780.7018-1 1 1,832.0305-1,833.0305-1 1-545.2506 545.2606-1 1-161.2610 161.2610 11 11 22 5,840.8212 1,582.0314 7,422.8526 50), 1933, :, p.13,. - 31 -

: 4- IV, 1995, 590., 11 11., 11 5,840 78.7% 1 531 1 143.8 3.7.. 2,780,.. 3 51). 5.. 51) ( - ).. (, 1965,, pp.196 197).. - 32 -

(1902),.,,,,, 52).. (< 2-4> ). < 2-4> ( ) 1902, 1902 (5-8 ) (1903) 1902. 5-1903. 4, (1903) 1904 (7-12 ), (1905) 1905 (3-10 ) (1905) 1905 (7-11 ) (1905) 1906 (9-10 ) (1907) 1908, (1909) :, 1983,, 52), 1903,, pp.72-74. - 33 -

33, p. 132.,,., 53).,.,.. (1910 1926) : 1... 54). 53), 1964,, pp.70 75,. 54),,.. 1916. - 34 -

.,.?. (1910.3),. 55) - -, 56). ( - ) 57). 55), 1933, :,, p.56. 56), 1933,, p.59. 57) 1870. 1894,. 1904 1905 3,,.,. - 35 -

. 1) 730 ( ) ( ), 2).. 1) 1902 58). 1909 1910 1 9, 59)., 58) 1902. -, 1983, [ ],, 33, p. 132. -, 1994,, 2:12 13. -, 1965,, 297:1 4. 59), 1933,, p.39. - 36 -

19 60) 61).. (1911), 4 (1917 1924)., 1910. 60) (1983, 33:139 140).. (, 1938,, p.10). ( : ). 1 5 10 (, 1933,, p.10)., (, pp.197 198). (, 1979, ( ), p.187). 61) 1910 1. - 37 -

, 36. 1 6 62).,.. 10. 63) 1870. 1868 64), 62), 1933,, p.39. 63) ( 1 )., 1933, :, pp.41 45.. 64) =, =,. 1868 1869 6-38 -

65).. 6 ( ) 66) ( ),, 3 67), 14 (28 ) 68).. 1910,,. 69) (,, 1991,, p.253, ). 65) 1871 7 14 (, 256).. 66) 3 8. 9 ( 2 ). 67) 5 :. 2. (1 7 ) 8. (, 3 ) 68) 14. 1 1 1 1 ( 3 ). 69) 5 1, 8 9. 8 :. - 39 -

... 3 8 1 2 14 1 ( 1 ) 70). 8 12. 26,672.67 1 3 4 71).. 1/ 20 1/20 3, ( ) 9 :.. 70), 1933,, p.46. 71), 1933,, p.46. - 40 -

72).,. 14 3 23 5 20 73). 14, 10 1 74).,,,.,, 14 11,911.16 13,929 1 85 5, 10 5 7.. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) 5 72) 14 3 (, p.51).. 1910 1/20.,, 130, 131, 132. 73), 1933,, p.47. 74) 47 51 13. - 41 -

.., 1 6.,,..,.. (1) (2) (3) (4) ( ) (5) (,, ) (6) (7) 1/ 50 (1) (2) (3). - 42 -

1910,,. 1/ 20 1/ 50 (< 1> ), 1/50 1913. - - 75) 76). < 2-5>. < 2-5> ( ) 628,840 3,666,561 96,721 731,563 5,122,122 (32.3%) 186,909 1,987,851 34,411 4,410,302 6,619,473 (41.8%) 221,624 1,613,589 34,270 2,237,978 4,107,461 (25.9%) 1,305,373 7,268,001 165,402 7,380,843 15,849,619 (6.5%) (45.9%) (1.0%) (46.6%) (100%) :, 1933,, p. 53. 75), 1933,, p.52. 76),,,. - 43 -

(1), (2), (3) 6%, 46%, 1%, ( ) 47%. 32%, 42%, 26% 8 9 26%. 730 410.,..,,, 1/ 20, 1/50.,.. - 44 -

1907 220. 1,035,373 1907.? ),,,., )..... (1917 1924),., 77) 27,,..,. 8 9 4 1 77) 1918 11 59. - 45 -

, 1/10,, 78)..,.. (1990) 79) (53 ).., (1990).,,, (< 3-6> ). 4 4,615,122 720 63.5%. 6,019,910 82.8%. 78), 123 :, pp.63 64. 79),,,, 1990.12,, 226, p.30. - 46 -

1908 19 220 80) 7,380,843 ( )., 100, ( ) 720, 730...,.,. 81).,. 80), 1936,, p.9. 81) /. 1876, / ( ) (, 1984, :,, p. 89). - 47 -

.. < 2-7>..., 45, 82), 19 83).. 82) 1910 1917 365,028, 41% 148,668 (, 1923, p.21). 552,725 25% 136,621 (, 1923, p.25).. 83) 19. - 48 -

< 2-6>,, (1910 12 ) 24,964 10,975 19,135 55,074 31,999 17,567 119,475 169,041 56,963 28,542 138,610 224,115 2,221 1,367 281 3,859 58,089 267,410 160,639 486,138 117,263 297,319 399,530 714,112 7,718 19,497 8,442 35,657 50,129 83,857 98,450 232,436 57,847 103,354 106,892 268,093 4,181 80 0 4,261 23,999 148,258 88,038 260,295 86,027 251,692 194,930 532,649 1,246 3,176 6,352 10,774 7,678 12,341 22,633 42,652 8,924 15,517 28,985 53,426 2,894 4,864 121 7,897 80,159 165,101 162,127 407,387 91,977 185,482 191,233 468,692 4,424 8,764 1,166 14,354 71,194 14,512 11,055 96,761 75,618 23,276 12,221 111,115 3,658 563 6,633 10,854 187,774 189,503 28,220 405,497 267,050 213,342 47,074 527,466 26,371 47,375 65,290 140,036 11,578 27,698 73,164 112,440 37,949 75,073 139,454 252,476 7,035 5,427 3,095 15,557 40,280 592,749 81,566 714,595 85,264 673,249 224,115 982,628 37,185 20,783 14,834 72,802 71,315 130,208 187,332 388,855 108,500 150,991 202,166 461,657 7,638 3,779 7,638 19,055 58,290 604,166 166,106 828,562 174,428 758,936 375,910 1,309,274 3,055 3,698 35,296 42,049 66,169 19,740 119,997 205,906 69,224 23,438 155,293 247,955 13,829 683 422 14,934 42,773 442,602 138,931 624,306 125,826 466,723 294,646 887,195 2,533 13,226 19,658 35,417 73,847 292,093 59,576 425,516 78,380 305,319 79,234 460,933 1,045 2,975 201 4,221 33,044 428,653 77,988 539,685 110,469 736,947 157,423 1,004,839 23,276 9,447 9,206 41,929 182,830 250,969 75,938 509,737 206,106 260,416 85,144 551,666 4,060 1,206 2,693 7,959 26,331 344,353 69,983 439,667 236,497 605,975 156,820 999,292 270,184 15,356 33,044 318,584 540,529 459,205 174,146 1,173,880 810,713 474,561 207,190 1,492,464 10,613 2,613 7,196 20,422 57,566 330,605 494,259 882,430 878,892 807,779 708,779 2,395,316 153,464 33,446 5,387 192,317 434,401 384,312 160,559 979,272 587,885 417,758 165,946 1,171,589 27,939 8,362 1,005 37,306 56,320 526,861 118,268 701,449 672,144 952,981 285,219 1,910,344 72,400 1,166 2,814 76,380 1,333,193 215,914 299,410 1,848,517 1,405,593 217,080 302,224 1,924,897 4,864 1,899 0 6,753 48,361 302,384 235,456 586,201 1,458,818 521,353 537,680 2,517,851 0 0 0 0 791,699 79,435 211,854 1,082,988 791,699 79,435 211,854 1,082,988 6,754 603 4,985 12,342 19,577 67,657 417,397 504,631 818,030 147,695 634,236 1,599,961 628,840 186,909 221,624 1,035,373 3,666,561 1,987,581 1,613,589 7,268,001 4,293,401 2,174,760 1,835,213 8,303,374 96,721 34,411 34,270 165,402 731,563 4,410,302 2,237,978 7,380,843 5,122,685 6,619,473 4,107,461 15,849,619 :, 1910. - 49 -

2,121,450, 41 29, 28.,,,,,,... 1910,,,. 212.,,, 730, ( ),, ( ), 84).,,,.. 84) <, 1993,, pp.56-57>. - 50 -

< 2-7> 1910 1924 (A) (B) (A- B) 56,074 169,041 224,115 58,546 139,989 198,535 165,569 35,657 232,436 268,093 73,627 156,500 230,127 194,466 10,774 42,652 53,426 26,566 206,618 233,184 26,860 14,354 96,761 111,115 76,500 108,954 185,454 34,615 140,036 112,440 252,476 78,272 139,081 217,353 174,204 72,802 388,855 461,657 169,003 212,981 381,984 292,654 42,049 205,906 247,955 75,192 149,146 224,338 172,763 35,417 425,516 460,933 183,642 538,740 722,382 277,292 41,929 509,737 551,666 375,660 363,184 738,844 176,006 318,584 1,173,880 1,492,464 1,081,794 158,830 1,240,624 410,670 192,317 979,272 1,171,589 1,078,603 419,591 1,498,194 92,986 76,380 1,848,517 1,924,897 1,730,513 527,460 2,257,973 194,384 0 1,082,988 1,082,988 1,172,946 254,408 1,427,354-89,958 1,035,373 7,268,001 8,303,374 6,181,924 3,375,662 9,557,586 2,121,450 : 1910, 1924, 1936,. - 51 -

19. 1919 3 1 85) 86) (1922 ). 2) 1910 8 87).,,. 18. 18,,. ( 1 ), ( ) 85), 1933. :, p.402,. 86) 1922 8, 387. 87), 1933,, p. 59. - 52 -

( 2 ). 1, 1), 2), 3), 4) ( 3 )... 1), 2), 3), 4), 5),,, ( ). 1938.. - 53 -

, ( 7 ),,. [ ], 88). (1911. 4. 23) (1911. 6. 2 0) 89). 1908 (1908) (1911,6).. 1 8 90) 88), 1933,, p. 81. 89) 1910 8 1911 1 27. 2 4 6 20, 8 31 9 1. (, 1933,, :196 220,, 1965,, p.5. ). 90) - 54 -

.,.. 28 : 2.. 1 2. 29 : 3 90. 3. 30 :, 28 1.. 35 :, 91) (1 5 ).. 91),, 1940,,, pp.5 6. - 55 -

92),.,.,... 93). 94). [ ].. ( 1) 1911 1 20 19. (2) 92), 1933, :, p.204. 93), 1930,,, pp.272 275. (1965,, pp.5 6). 94),,,,, ( 1 ). - 56 -

, 1908 39, (3) ( 4),. ( ) (1) 19 220 1,400 (4). 95). - 57 -

1912 96).. 19. 8 9 3/ 10.. [ ] 1 19 97), 95), XY. [---- 1. ( - ) ](XY, 1933, :,, pp. 360 361). 96) 1912 4. 97) 3-58 -

. (1) : ( 1 ). (2) : 1, 2. ( ) (3) :. 98). 19.,.. 98), 1933,, p.70. - 59 -

.,,, 99).,... ) 6. 12, 100)., 11 ( ) 101). 99), 1933,, pp.70-74. 100), 1933,, p.75. - 60 -

. ).,. 20 102) 101) (1914. 1. 14 13 ) 11 1 2. (1923 ) 1 149.4., 1994, (1905 1945),. 102), 1933,, pp.76 77. - 61 -

. 1923.. < 2-8> 95.9% 45.1% 1 5.2. 4.1% 54.9% 1 149.4 (< 2-1> ). 1 28.7. < 2-1> (1910 1923) - 62 -

1913 1916 27., 1913 1920 1923. 1918 1922 92,312.. < 2-8> (1910 1923) ( : ) 1910 9 230 6 622 15 852 1911 70 773 23 639 93 1,412 1912 3,322 8,662 129 6,039 3,451 14,701 1913 1,428 40,023 298 19,039 21,716 59,062 1914 7,236 64,644 337 50,733 17,573 115,377 1915 4,108 61,148 331 13,510 14,439 74,658 1916 10,526 58,856 265 18,239 10,791 77,095 1917 4,022 59,848 225 27,800 4,247 87,648 1918 1,071 43,793 279 62,486 1,350 106,279 1919 1,196 37,112 290 53,866 1,486 90,978 1920 1,875 2,723 222 81,477 2,097 84,200 1921 1,768 3,086 646 64,954 2,414 68,040 1922 3,280 4,492 268 92,312 3,548 96,804 1923 3,437 51,174 233 38,863 3,670 90,037 83,348 436,564 3,552 530,579 86,900 967,143-63 -

2. :, 1923,, p.21.. 1) (, ), 2) ( ), 3).,.,,.,. 1) ( ). (1964) 103).,. (1995) 103), 1964,, p.164. - 64 -

( - )., 104). 60 70%. 105)... 1902,.,,,.,., 104), 1995,, 22, p.182. 105) 8 5 4 1 4? 1 1.? (, 1995,, p.160).,.. - 65 -

,. 1910.. 106) ( ),..,,,,.,,., 107). 1920. < 2-9> < 2-10>. 106),, 340, p.58. 107), 1925,, p.4. - 66 -

< 2-9> (1923 5 24 ) 9 7 6 :, 1925,, p.8.,, 1913 10 1921 212 4. 1922 214 108). 13% 108),. 1) (1919), (1925) 2). 1), 1910 4 2 m3 1) < > (1925), < > (1923) 2 7 m3.. 1926 1 4 m3 1927? - 67 -

. 90%.,,,, 3, 4 20 109)., < 2-10> 349. 54 102, 1 14. 1, 2 110).. < 2-10> 1-1 1-1 3 3 6 11 7 18 13 41 54 1 - - 1 51 51-3 4 41 61 102 38 73 111 110 239 349 109), 1925,, p.10. 110), p.33. - 68 -

:, 1925,, pp.7 8.. ( ) 111). 1923 112). 1923. (National Forest Management) (National Forest Business). 1926,.,,. ). 1926. 1910 1926 332,327 660,423., 1914 111), 1925,, p.11. 112), 1925,, p.11. - 69 -

1 1925 100.. (1920). < 2-11> (1910 1924) ( ) 1910 142,036 284,072 100 1911 145,747 291,494 102 1912 102,242 204,484 72 1913 106,048 212,096 74 1914 245,920 491,804 172 1915 178,518 357,036 125 1916 344,947 689,894 141 1917 390,711 781,422 175 1918 282,853 565,706 199 1919 324,005 648,010 188 1920 233,887 467,774 165 1921 411,201 822,402 289 1922 457,098 914,196 322 1923 454,694 909,388 320 1924 494,691 989,382 348 1925 644,373 1,224,907 454 1926 690,598 1,373,125 486 5,649,569 11,227,192 198-70 -

:,, 1936, pp.45 46. ),,,. 1926.. 1914 1917, 1924 26% (< 2-12> ).. 113). 180 20. 60 114)..,,,,,.. 1927 113) - 1 18, - 2 41, - 3 43, - 4 87 (, 1930,, pp.67-72). 114) -, -, -, - (, 1930,, pp.67-72). - 71 -

12. < 2-12> ( : ) 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 % % % 294,292 92 25,208 8 319,500 100 489,403 94 30,572 6 519,975 100 284,285 83 56,432 17 340,717 100 322,553 94 19,174 6 342,267 100 212,172 87 30,636 13 242,808 100 464,816 94 30,000 6 494,816 100 409,644 91 42,319 9 451,963 100 496,539 82 109,352 18 605,891 100 467,059 74 161,587 26 628,646 100 670,385 78 189,330 22 859,715 100 665,255 70 278,083 30 943,338 100 :,, 1936, p.47. ) 1910. ( ). ( ) 1910 12. 1916 9,. 1918 1921 2, 115). - 72 -

< 2-13> (1910 1925) ( ) ( ) 1 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 30,951 58,923 30,617 77,997 75,782 78,263 196,205 1,110,753 635,952 1,469,130 716,671 509,496 571,095 715,309 837,693 1,353,428 26,645 52,830 20,610 56,232 44,392 20,791 34,053 154,592 171,387 917,209 269,085 160,869 178,634 216,322 303,011 462,393 100 190 99 252 245 253 634 3,589 2,050 4,747 2,316 1,646 1,845 2,311 2,706 4,373 0.86 0.90 0.67 0.72 0.59 0.27 0.17 0.14 0.27 0.62 0.38 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.36 0.34 8,468,265 3,089,055 529,267 193,066 725 0.36 :, 1925,, pp.22 23. 1910 < 2-13>. 1 1917 1910 35.9. 1 1919 1923., 1915 10. 1 115), 1925,, pp.21-22. - 73 -

.... 1928 80% 116).. (1917 1920 ). 1917 7 12 25 500. 76 ( 90,000 ) 10,000 1919 8 26 117).... 1913 3 ( 5 2)., 116), 1928. 117), 1976, p.223,. - 74 -

. 1917 1920 4 120 118). 390 3 119). 529,267 (176,775m3).,,. ). 120). 1919 ( ),. 214. 1920 60 1 118), p.231. 119). 1917 ( (1898 1958), 1962,, p.397). 120), 1925,, p.23. - 75 -

.,. 1 4 2..,.. ).. 1915, 1915 10 ( ).. 121) 121) 1926 1.,, (, 96, p.36).,. - 76 -

. < 2-14> (1910 1926) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1910 120,557 994,028 47,807 151,332 1,145,360 100 1911 99,573 712,454 49,314 206,303 918,757 80 1912 104,868 798,629 90,810 497,366 1,295,995 113 1913 111,281 841,572 80,589 376,366 1,217,853 106 1914 82,881 582,936 58,117 268,955 851,895 74 1915 129,929 830,119 44,422 161,119 991,238 87 1916 157,763 1,032,193 136,488 420,538 1,443,731 126 1917 113,212 1,018,091 107,702 442,822 1,460,913 128 1918 146,679 1,745,691 81,668 478,001 2,223,672 194 1919 167,538 2,456,029 74,642 479,404 2,935,433 256 1920 123,861 2,287,491 45,344 348,720 2,636,211 230 1921 172,496 2,212,461 175,735 682,204 2,894,845 253 1922 176,256 2,090,684 112,854 448,791 2,539,475 222 1923 188,526 2,101,506 110,895 451,454 2,552,960 223 1924 184,352 2,304,802 146,760 668,897 2,973,699 260 1925 187,912 2,134,879 162,056 1,145,568 3,280,447 286 1926 159,674 1,869,112 104,898 464,397 2,333,509 204 2,427,359 26,012,677 1,630,101 7,692,156 33,695,993 142,786 1,530,157 95,888 452,479 1,982,117 173 :, 1925,, pp.22 23.,. - 77 -

. 1914, 1915. 1 1918, 1919 3. 1920 1921. 1923 9. 1920., 1924, ( ). 1926. ). < 2-15> 1910 1924 15 38 1 1918 94, 1919 173. 1924 86., 1910 1942 64.8% 1/ 4 14.3%.,.. 1926-78 -

< 2-15> (1910 1924). (%) 1910 2,804,193 2,720,693 83,500 3.07 1911 2,.476,989 2,402,825 75,164 3.13 1912 2,485,853 2,356,923 128,929 5.47 1913 1,898,776 1,738,483 160,293 9.22 1914 1,644,709 1,599,566 45,143 2.82 1915 1,899,695 1,722,386 177,289 10.3 1916 2,560,272 2,044,753 515,518 25.21 1917 2,787,203 2,442,752 344,450 14.10 1918 3,204,063 2,260,985 943,078 41.71 1919 4,887,622 3,153,626 1,733,996 54.98 1920 4,882,794 4,027,639 855,155 21.23 1921 4,458,604 4,186,523 272,081 6.50 1922 4,061,765 4,217,482 144,282 3.42 1923 4,272,864 3,882,563 390,301 10.05 1924 4,638,645 3,788,403 860,241 22.70 54,470,500 47,637,785 6,842,714 3,026,138 2,646,543 380,150 14.3 :, 1925,, pp.44 45. 2) 1910. 1912 1915 1919. (10 ) - 79 -

. 214 1919 ( 106 ). 140 122). 1 10 123) 29 124) (< 2-16> ). ( ) 60 315 175 65 130 125).,., 1919, 1919 1925 1,213,787 5.5% 122), 1923,, p.33. 123) 1 ( 1 ), 1 3.(, 1926,, p.34) 124), 1926,, pp.33 34. 125), 1926,, 7, p.2. - 80 -

. < 2-16> ( : ) 6 1919 4 1919 61 1919 40 1919 47 1919 33 1919 55 1919 51 1919 65 1919 16 1920 22 1920 27 1920 12 1920 37 1920 32 1920 58 1920 55 1920 57 1920 2 1921 168 1921 56 1921 36 1921 50 1921 69 1921 87 1921 62 1923 77 1923 54 1923 64 1924 29 1,403 :,, 1925,. - 81 -

3. 110) 30 111). 1961.. 1910. 112),. 2 113). (,. ). 114). 110), 1933, :, 211,. 111), 1933, :, p.435,. 112). -, 1973,, 2:1 41. -, 1994,, 24:192-207. -, 1994, - -, 12:34 67. 113) 1910 9 30 354. - 82 -

., < >. < > 115).,..,,,. 116).,. (1908), 1911 6. 117).,,,, 114) 8 ( ) ( ). 115) 1910 8 29 324. 116), 1994,, p.58.. 117) 26 : 2 (1908) 1. - 83 -

,,... 1). 118).,,? 119) 120).,,,,.,. 118), 1965,, p.60. 119) (, p.533). 120) " (, p.15). - 84 -

, 1), 2), 3). 2) 1910 7,268,001 45.9%. 50.5% 367, 27.4% 199, 22.1% 161., 727. - -,... ( ).,. 1910,. - 85 -

16.,. ( ) ( ) ( ).,,.. ( ) 3.,.,.. 1 ( ) 1 10 1.. 10-86 -

. ( ). 300 20. 121),, 1), 2),, 3), 4) 70...,.,.,,. 121), 1933,, pp.76-80. - 87 -

.,,..,. ( ),. 122).,.,., 123)..,., 122), 11, 6 4., 85, 39, p.16. 123) 1939 26,477 (, pp.552 554). - 88 -

,. 124). 3), 1), 2).. 1 (1872 1886), 2 (1886 1897), 3 (1897 1907), 4 (1907 1926), 125). ( ). 124), 1933,, p.436. 125) (1962) 1872. (1), 3 1 (1872 1886) (2) (1886-1897) (3) (1897 1907) (4), 1 (1907 1926) (, 1962,, 22 1, pp.26 94).. - 89 -

,..., 1910. 126).,,....,,. 126), 1962,, p.26. - 90 -

4). 7,.... 127). 1923, 7/10, 8, 2 128).. 1918 4,,,, 129). 127) 7 ( 29 ). 128), 60 (1923.6.16). 129), 1965,, pp.60 61. - 91 -

1), 2),.,. 91.. 130). ( ) 131).. < 3-17> 1934 3% 47.1%. 1939 1,673,518 54% 910,363 10% 171,117. 1 262.3 9 30 (< 2-2> ).. 130) 195 (1917.11). 131) 628 (1924.5). - 92 -

,,. ( ) 132) < 2-1> (1910 1934) 132), 1931,, pp.510 511. - 93 -

,. 1935 (1910 1925) (1926 1934)... 131 37 28%. 28,871 22,865 79%. 220 622 283%.. 1931 1934 1 5. 1934 1 133). 1934 134). ( ). 133), 1935,, p.468. 134) 7 (1934.1.23). - 94 -

< 2-17> (1910 1941) 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 / 1 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 4 14 76 232 246 190 173 109 172 189 109 127 169 117 101 71 2,099 (131) 80 45 86 29 27 18 27 16 3 331 (37) / 1 10-34 2,448 ( ) % (3.0) ( ) (2,430) / 9 36 3,008 7,838 7,179 8,822 6,410 2,664 910 691 924 996 1,275 1,191 1,536 1,200 44,689 (2,793) 821 296 606 211 2,736 5,502 8,518 8,691 6,847 34,228 (3,803) 79,924 (97.0) (3,157) 13 50 3,084 8,070 7,425 9,012 6,583 2,773 1,082 880 1,033 1,123 1,444 1,308 1,637 1,271 46,788 (2,924) 901 341 692 240 2,763 5,520 9,545 8,707 6,850 34,599 (3,840) 82,372 (100) (5,587) 534 483 5,425 42,847 48,836 10,762 15,852 23,929 61,493 52,560 37,533 29,855 49,345 31,486 30,023 20,965 461,928 (28,871) 220 21,431 17,479 25,911 11,550 7,647 33,540 42,878 30,437 14,911 205,784 (22,865) 622 642,118 (47.1) (26,708) 275 316 526 7,108 27,087 48,484 37,297 44,940 50,602 36,154 34,518 29,413 34,082 38,698 13,651 35,571 10,340 448,787 (28,049) 10 19,597 34,489 28,302 9,684 21,445 32,802 43,966 52,137 28,773 271,195 (30,133) 8 720,001 (52.9) (28,799) 9 850 1,009 12,533 69,934 97,320 48,059 60,792 74,531 97,647 87,078 66,946 63,937 88,043 45,137 65,594 31,305 910,715 (56,920) 19 41,028 51,968 54,213 21,234 29,092 66,342 86,844 82,574 43,684 476,979 (52,988) 14 1,362,119 (100) (55,507) 17 35-41 714 394,487 83,086 1,756,606 : 1910 1917, 1923, p.25., 1918 1932, 1934, pp.22 23., 1933, 1934, 1935, pp.24 25.. 1935 1941-95 -

, 212, pp.43 44.. 1939 < 2-18>. 86,281 18.5% (12.7%), (12.4%). 19.4, (36.29 ). 137 (121 ), (114 ). < 2-18> (1939 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 7,252 63,978 2,483 45,933 356 1,172 10,932 94,785 7,076 45,697 672 35,072 10,702 56,756 9,998 52,096 579 3,412 5,439 51,724 2,814 21,623 2,320 27,680 9,506 71,420 7,182 58,453 2,227 11,780 5,121 185,829 3,843 105,183 470 61,625 4,602 86,360 4,428 66,807 85 13,541 6,246 125,820 2,971 105,105 1,471 11,835 15,969 110,669 6,697 83,212 2,068 6,798 4,257 57,353 3,500 40,975 191 9,156 2,810 321,827 1,136 101,475 801 177,706 1,837 251,646 990 101,625 200 128,793 1,608 195,351 1,273 82,179 153 103,464 86,281 1,673,518 54,391 910,363 11,593 592,038 :, 1945, ( ), p.543.,.., 1921 68.1, 1,000 59-96 -

47%, 1 7 22% 135). 4 1925 136) 1 7 1 58. 1927 60, 1932 86, 1939 109. 10 1920. 1 10,. 10 30 1934 47%.. 1911, 100 34 1,500 137).,,,,,, 7 138)., 1917 139). ( ) 1 2 10, 3 4. 135), 1923,, p.24. 136), 1926,, p.22. 137), 1913,, pp.10 12. 138) 7 1926 1 (, 1965,.., p. 65). 139),,, 146, p.57. - 97 -

,. (1917 1924) 1921 140). 20.,. 1/20 1/ 40, 1 600 15 30 141).. < 2-20> 5 53. 29 24 5 13 3 5.. ( 11.6 ) 2 (8.5 ), 3 (7.5 )., 3.5,. 1.. 1932.,, 140),,, 465, pp.29 30. 141), 1965,, p.97. - 98 -

. < 2-19> 1 ( : ) - 99 -

47,778 27,764 75,542 28,304 21,971 50,275 1921 1919..,,,,, 6.,,,,. 1910 1911. 1919.,,,. 18,459 17,083 35,542 1921 9 7.. 20. 11,582 23,395 34,977 1911 10, 1913 3 10 3 4, 3. 8,,,. 16,013 15,846 31,859 1913.,,,, 1919., 17,228 3,515 20,742,,,, 1914., 9,268 5,520 14,788, 1918., 10,197 3,483 13,680 1916., 7,333 4,512 11,845,, 1924, 10,254-10,254 10 176,425 123,089 299,514 :,, 1929,,, pp.63-64. - 100 -

< 2-20> 5 ( ) ( ) 37,174-37,174 2,445 7,583 10,028 23,469-23,469 12,385 29,422 41,797 9,940-9,940 10,975-10,975 5,567-5,567 82,674 33,013 115,687 10,516 2,217 12,733-8,949 8,949 10,430-10,430 8,194-8,194 10,062 2,683 12,745 13,853 1,818 15,711 17,432-17,432 10,857-10,857 10,626-10,626-10,807 10,807 16,722-16,722 34,473 2,772 37,245 15,774-15,774 15,024 2,619 17,643 9,571-9,571-5,347 5,347 15,048-15,048 5,662-5,662 19,260 544 19,803 5,371 2,891 8,252 10,614-10,614 6,422-6,422 7,581-7,581 4,816 1,392 6,208 31,179-31,179 85,017 447 85,464 12,172-12,172 18,888-18,888 9,653-9,653 9,890-9,890 6,441-6,441 3 7,024-7,024-5,798 5,798 2,319 3,871 6,190-5,939 5,939 2,722 9,505 12,227-5,362 5,362 2-9,880 9,880 3 5,831-5,831 1-10,511 10,511 6,426-6,426 13,425 201 13,626 15,426 10,196 25,622 2,862 3,163 4,845 71,087 4,187 75,284 24 2 95,062 22,543 347,605 29 448,597 158,574 607,171 12,294/1 939.3 13,233 15,468/1 5,468 20,937 53 : 954776 /1 : 18,014.6 :,, 137, pp.91-92. - 100 -

,,. 4. (1911 1924) 1910.. 19.. (1911 1924 ). < 1 > < >.. - -,,. - 102 -

. < >. 142)... 143), 1), 2),.., < 2-21>. 142), 1936,, pp.70 71. 143), 1933,, p.439. - 103 -

< 2-21>, 1 : : 2 < > 1.,, < > 1. 2., 2. 3. 3. 2 4. 4. 5. 5. 2,000 6. 6. 7. :, 1983, ( ),p.33. - 104 -

1 ( 2 ) - [ ](1912) - [ ]( 1 ). 1. 1 < >. 144). 1924.. 5. (1917 1924) [ ](1917 1924). [ ]. 1911, 1912 ( ) 144) [ ], 1938, pp.70 71. - 105 -

1912 4,, 145),,. (1918 ). 1916 146) 1917 1922, 6.. 1918 145), 1936,, pp.6 7. 146),. - 106 -

252 4 325. 1920 2 1924 1... ( ).,. 147). (1912 ) 148) (1918 ). 147) [ ](, p,117). ( 4 1 50, 4 1 2 ) (, p.119). 265 2,814, 1917 1924 8 120 7,386 2. 1 ( ) 2,040. 148) 19-107 -

,,, ( ).. 252 1918 4 1919 11 1 1921 1925 149) (< 2-22> ) 38% 348 ( ) 111,377, ( ) 462 1935 6, 1938. < 2-22> ( : ) % 30,332 1,025,175 4,520 6,182,060 3,375,663 2,175 37.9 20.7 0 2,121,233 6,610,683 40.6 298,655 131,982 0.8 3,479,915 16,302,563 100 :, 1929,, 15.. 149), 1929,, pp.15 16. - 108 -

10 2 (1908) 1 19 136 (44.2 ).. 150).,. (1983, 1984) 151)....., 150), 1938,, p.3. 151), 1983, [ ],, p.91. - 109 -

.. ( ).,.,. 17,925 152).. 1922 522 388 (76%) 3., 153)... 152), 1936,. p.75. 153), 1965,, p.12. - 110 -

[ 1] 1,369 1922 1 154). [ 2] 170 1917. 155)..?,, 156). 45.9%..,.. 154), 1922 3 26. 155), 1923 3 26. 156), 1979,, p.296. - 111 -

. 157).., 1945 52 158)... 1.. 6. (1926 1934) 1908 1926 159). 2.. 157), 1983,, 33, p.134. 158), 1989, ( ), p.484. 159) 1926 4 7-112 -

.. 3 1.,.,. 1926 4 2,,. 3. 1) 2) 2 (1908) 1 19 3) 2 1 ( 2 ) 1927 2 1 1928 1 31 1, 111.4, 341.6. 1934. 104.6, 278.0 93.9%, 81.4%. < 2-23>.,,,. - 113 -

. < 2-23> ( : ) (A) % 1927 (B) A / B (%) 210,605 7.6 1,704,080 12.4 469,458 16.9 2,679,515 17.5 117,844 4.2 2,348,482 5.0 312,465 11.2 999,109 31.3 488,323 17.6 1,008,014 21.1 371,167 13.4 2,223,154 16.7 103,248 3.7 779,275 13.2 117,720 4.2 546,335 21.5 153,327 5.5 499,166 18.4 157,804 5.7 1,379,888 11.4 91,170 3.3 852,417 10.7 85,836 3.1 557,211 15.4 100,831 3.6 895,756 11.3 2,779,798 100 16,472,402 16.9 :,, 204, p.35,, 1929, 2., 1934.,. - 114 -

. 337, ( ) 160) 161). 1908 1934 26. 19 220 162), 10 136 163). 2 28.7 164) 7 101, 11,, 26.6, 1 4 37.7, 1 4 ( ) 267.4, 277.3.. < 2-24>.. 1920,, 160), 1938,, p.293. 161),, 1926, p.233. 162), 1938,, p.9. 163), 1938,, p.10. 164), 1938,, p.7. - 115 -

1 4.. ( ).. < 2-24> 1908 19 220 10 1,360 2 267 7,, 11 1,010 266 1 377 4 1 2,674 4 2,773 10,947 :, 1946,, pp.40 41. - 116 -

.. (1904),,..,.,.,.,. 2..,.,,,.,, - 117 -

,.,.,.,,., 1926,. (1911), (1911 1924), (1917 1924),. ( ) ( )...,,.,.,,. - 118 -

., 214 1916.,. 730.. ( ) ( ).,..,. 1925 90 m3. 1920... - 119 -

.. (1926 1945 ),,. (1926 1936) (1936 1945)., 1924 1, 1. < > (1926),. 1926.. 1937 2. < > (1936). (< 2> ). (1926) (1936),,. - 141 -

. (1926 1936) : 1. (1911 1924) (1917 1924).. 1926, 1910 1926 165). 1),,, 2).,. 70% 165) ( ). (1965, p.79).., (, 1926 7, p.1).. - 142 -

,,. 1996 (1926) 166). 1926.,. 1), 2), 3), 4),... 1) 166) 20.( 21 75, p. 61) 1996 1 1 5. - 143 -

..,,. 1),, 2),, 3),,... 1897 (1897 4 ). ( ),. 94. 1897 7 167),, ( ). 168). 741,576 23,, 167) 27. 168) 1921 9 1897 (, 1922, 12, pp.37-41).. - 144 -

169). 1920 2 1921 1920 4. 1924 40. 1923. 1..,. 1924 1897.. 2). 169), 1989, p.282. - 145 -

170).. 1926. 1), 2), 3) 3. 1).. 1,600, 7. ( ).,.., 171). 170) 522, p.14. 171) 1926 6 12, ( 163 ). - 146 -

172),.,,.. 1926. 3) 1924. < 3-1> 1924 949 1,588 60%. 531 211, 320. 140 168, 12. 1924 1 22, 2 297. 172), 1927,, pp.1 2. - 147 -

< 3-1> 1924 ( : ) (5,310) (9,490) : 2,110 : 3,200 : 1,230 (1,400) : 170 : 672 (1,680) : 1,007, : 120 (4,180) 1 (824) : 700 (1,090) : 104 : 17 : 3 (266) 2 (126) : 74 (3,090) : 52 (2,964) (6,390) 15,880 :, 1925,, pp.18-19. 1),, 2), 3) 2 173), 173) 2 ( ) (1908) ( ) ( ) - 148 -

. 2 1926 4.,. 1924. 12 519. 54,920 (183,432,800m3) 78% 42,897 12,023. 33,437 61% 39%. 174) 26,675, 66% 17,660, 34% 9,015 175).... 1926. 2 1. (, 1936, pp. 16-17) 174) 59%, 10%, 70%, 80% 10 (, p.4). 175), 1927,, p.4. - 149 -

1926 531. 176). 1) 31 10,, 2) 100, ( ) 30, ( ) 70 177). 1), 2) 131. 25%?. 1... ( ) 55 10. 45 176), p.6. 177), pp.6-7. - 150 -

40 5 2/3 1 7 178).,., 1934 50%, 1937 61% 179). 1926 1940 131 180). < 3-2> ( : ) 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 10,719 157,221 310,298 42,063 8,129 67,810 36,090 20,581 1,551 :, 1936, p.18.,,. 131. 178), p.18. 179) 1937 796,832 (, 1940 2, p.31). 1927 1937 788, 193 (25%), 166 (21%), 154 (20%). 180), 1936,, p.18. - 151 -

) < >., 50 181). 50 1931 182). 1931 1936. 1962. ( ) 1930 1954 183). 1926 1937 < 3-3>. 1931 1935. 1931.? 1927, 1928, 1929 181), p.7. 182), pp.8-9. 183), p.9. - 152 -

1930, 1931.,, < >. 1937 144%,. 1931 1932 1926 1937 131%. < 3-3> ( : ) (%) 1926 1,460 2,310 3,770 1,373 2,193 3,566 94 95 95 1927 1,600 2,430 4,030 1,547 3,072 4,619 97 126 115 1928 1,780 2,540 4,320 1,754 3098 4,852 99 122 112 1929 1,940 2,650 4,590 2,038 2,732 4,770 105 103 104 1930 2,100 2,790 4,890 2,103 2,556 4,659 100 92 95 1931 2,240 2,820 5,060 1,748 2,944 4,692 78 104 93 1932 2,350 2,850 5,200 2,463 3,738 6,201 105 131 119 1933 2,470 2,880 5,350 2,692 4,599 7,291 109 160 136 1934 2,620 2,900 5,520 2,897 4,595 7,492 111 158 136 1935 2,810 2,930 5,740 2,845 4,230 7,075 101 144 123 1936 2,820 3,020 5,840 3,246 4,861 8,107 115 161 139 1937 2,820 3,050 5,870 3,488 4,959 8,447 124 163 144 27,010 33,170 60,180 28,194 43,577 71,771 2,251 2,764 5,015 2,350 3,631 5,981 104 131 119 :, 1927,, pp.9 16. - 153 -

,... ) 1910 184). < 3-4> 5% 70% 35%. ( ) 3.1%. < 3-4> 184), p.17. - 154 -

5% 65 10 10 ( ) 10, :, 1927,, p.17. 5% 30 25 33 7., 7%, 10% 185). < 3-5> ( : ) 185), p.18. - 155 -

(A) (B) B/ A(%) (C) (D) D/ C(%) 1926 2,000 3,068 153 4,000 331 8 1927 2,000 5,295 265 4,000 580 15 1928 2,000 7,471 374 4,000 29 1 1929 2,000 5,986 295 4,000 843 21 1930 2,000 7,146 357 4,000 1,788 45 1931 2,000 6,795 340 4,000 2,284 57 1932 2,000 7,742 387 4000 1,866 47 1933 1,000 8,299 830 4,000 1,290 32 1934 1,000 9,427 943 4,000 973 24 1935 1,750 4,980 285 5,750 5,507 96 1936 1,750 4,542 260 5,750 8,076 140 1937 1,750 4,976 284 5,750 10,611 185 21,250 75,727 53,250 34,178 1,771 6,311 356 4,438 2,848 64.2 : 1926 1934, 1927,, pp.17-22.. 1935 1936, 1936,, pp.70-71., 1937, 1938,, pp.42-45.. 1926 1937 1,771, 356%. 64.2%., 50. 1926 1937 5,981 1927 1937 85.8 69,709. - 156 -

6,311 63,398... 1910 (1911) (1915) 186) (1918) 1919 187) ( ). 1919 1914 188)... 388 10. 1926 165 189) 233. 10 233 165 11 (1936) 232 190). 388, 186) 324. 187) 1919 2,. 188) 9, 619. 189), p.26. - 157 -

1926 1930 (< 3-6> ). < 3-6> 1926 ( ) ( ) 1926 4 278,365 43,380,124 18,036,815 61,412,939 1927 8 410,375 45,224,965 24,148,753 69,363,718 1928 5 374,937 19,944,693 14,419,773 34,364,466 1929 1930 1931 7 3 7 393,031 270,808 476,692 12,810,918 13,461,702 23,176,767 8,140,890 2,523,334 22,225,887 20,951,808 24,985,036 45,402,654 1932 3 322,590 40,639,437 7,561,836 48,201,273 1933 4 326,738 24,097,227 7,144,128 31,241,355 1934 3 202,514 1,947,267 4,193,442 6,140,709 44 3,056,050 224,673,100 117,390,856 342,063,958 :, 1936,, p.42.? 7. 7 1926 1937. < 3-7> ( : ;, ; m3) 190), p.26. - 158 -

1926(A) 1937(B) 40,167 40,107 815,131 224,732 1,530,160 911,276 2,345,291 1,136,008 682 513 51,487 52,126 B- A - 60-590,399-618,884-1,209,283-169 639 1926(A) 107,490 7,805,439 3,009,623 1932(B) 53,967 3,542,735 745,173 1933(C) 53,523 1,866,360 725,625 10,815,062 857 132,130 4,289,908 2,591,985 2,388 356,592 (B+C)- A 0-2,396,344-1,538,825-3,933,169 1,531 344,462 1927(A) 1933(B) 75,207 75,207 5,550,126 1,352,255 1,928,954 441,410 7,479,080 1,793,665 859 3,572 125,241 159,402 B- A 0-4,197,871-1,487,544-5,685,415 2,713 34,161 1927(A) 1933(B) 48,714 48,715 4,035,769 2,570,295 348,214 466,730 4,383,983 3,073,025 1,001 1,198 148,669 128,401 B- A 1-1,465,474 118,516-1,310,958 197-20,268 1928(A) 1937(B) 43,207 43,189 864,762 211,349 1,598,118 1,452,856 2,462,880 1,664,205 339 180 66,059 22,746 B- A - 18-653,413-145,262-798,675-159 - 43,313 1928(A) 1937(B) 60,650 72,154 860,386 391,021 2,021,760 2,249,728 2,882,146 2,640,749 453 961 67,486 88,147 B- A 11,504-469,365 227,968-241,397 508 20,661 1929(A) 1937(B) 52,115 51,696 503,741 451,341 177,053 128,505 680,794 580,846 622 596 26,661 22,161 B- A - 419-52,400-48,548-99,948-26 - 4,500 :, 1945, ( ),, pp.639 643,, 1926 60 590,399m3, 618,884m3, 1,209,283m3 10 m3.. 7 400 m3 570 m3.,,, - 159 -

., 7, 7 400 m3 2.7 1933. 1927 1 99.4m3 6 1933 23.8m3,. 1933 1927 34,161m3.,,.,,.,.,,, 191) 36 192). < 3-8> 191), p.29. 192), p.30. - 160 -

1926 1934 1940 79,448 461,126 42,605 1920 27,351 1920 90,073 1919 184,957 200,257 167,476 229,333 60,775 135,140 123,043 85,506 74,846 119,437 1921 43,567 162,878 162,872 334,183 412,083 409,925 ( ) 113,262 113,197 114,077 209,504 209,497 208,621 188,442 1921 152,378 1921 47,149 1921 60,290 1921 45,214 420,658 1921 102,742 1921 161,590 161,480 116,980 200,606 524,016 85,569 142,564 1921 86,668 1924 172,531 1923 203,320 145,987 341,475 410,461 413,681 290,213 434,330 433,802 84,107 397,697 1920 171,171 152,099 500,761 536,454 273,697 ( ) 127,322 240,434 217,041 36 5,205,823 3,443,214 3,968,931 : 1926, 1926,,. 1934, 1936,. 1940, 1940 2,,, 1940. - 161 -

193).,,,,,. 1916.. 1919 1. (1923. 9) 1924 12 1886. 7 6 170 30 192 194). 29 36. 1926. 36,. 1929 17 1932 8 11. 1934 195) 193) 1916 1916 2 23 7. 194), 1989,, p.263. 195) 1934 4 84. - 162 -

1937, 14 196). 1934 4 197). 1942 13. 1926 ( 3-8 ). 1926 1 144,606 1934 286,934, 1940 283,495 1926 2.. 1940,. 1930,... 2. 196) 1937 3 31 90. 197), 1965,, p.83. - 163 -

1).,.,. 198). 1910 1920 8 (, 7.5%) 199). 1920 1 198),, 13, 1, p.83,. 199).., 7.5%, 5% (, 1909,, p.24). 10 (, 1939,, pp.585 586). (1911) (1912 3, 4 ). 7.5%, 10%. 1913 3. (1920 8 28 ) (1921). - 164 -

.. 200) 201). 7 ( ( ) ). ( 612 1 ).,. 1920 8 1 65mm 65mm.. [,, ( ) m3 3 10 1 95, ( ) 200) 1920 65mm 65mm,,. 1921. (1925 4 ) (, 1936,, pp.22-26). 1925 1 50 51 (1925.12-1926.3) (1926.1). 201) 1920 8 53. - 165 -

] 202), 1920 8 1 65mm. 1926 3 24, 150mm,, 150mm, 1926 3 29 37 203).. 1926 3... 204). 202), 1937, [ ], p.7. 203), 1939, ( 18 ), p.635. 204) 1929 11 8 3 4 5 4 5 5., - - ( ) - - (, 1930 3 25 535 )., ( ). - 166 -

( ),, 10. 52 (1926.12 1927.3) 1927 2 14 205). ( ) 1927 2.,,,,,,,...., -, -,, 5 206).,. 8 ( ) 207). 205), 1936, [ ], 103-105. 206, 1937,, p.2. - 167 -

1928.,,,,,,. 1). 2). 3). 4), 208)., ( ) 209). 1926 ( ) 1929 3 3 30. 1929 2,. ", 1925 51.,.. 207), 1937,, pp.32-36. 208), 36 (1928 ), p.49. 209), - (2), 96, pp.37 40,. - 168 -

. 90. 5, 60. 1919, 1920,.,, " 210),,. 4( ) 200mm 1m3 1.1 3.,, (1929. 3. 30) 1 (1930. 3. 31) 0.4, 2 (1930. 4.1 1932. 3. 31) 0.75 4 (1933) 4 1 (1.1 ).,..., (3 ) 200mm 210), 1936,, pp.263-264. - 169 -

( 3, 2 2, 3 1 ),. 1931 3 31 4 (1m3 2.7 ). 6 35% 211)... 2), (1929 ),,,..,,,. 1931 1940 < 3-9>.. < 3-9> (1931 1940) 211), 1965,, p.108. - 170 -

< 3-9> (1931 1940) ( :, %) 1931 375,151 273,651 24,439 8.9 16,106 5.9 2,308 0.8 7,291 2.7 31,913 11.7 6,381 2.3 8,381 3.1 156,480 57.2 16,129 5.9 4,221 1.5 1,500 1932 323,271 320,869 30,612 9.5 21,524 6.7 2,280 0.7 7,582 2.4 35,361 11.0 6,754 2.1 9,179 2.9 192,064 59.9 11,069 3.4 4,443 1.4 2,402 1933 384,822 368,633 38,731 10.5 29,238 7.9 3,010 0.8 8,730 2.4 51,992 14.1 9,951 2.7 5,549 2.6 201,331 54.6 10,987 3.0 5,114 1.4 16,190 1934 486,522 475,317 49,681 10.5 41,277 8.7 5,054 1.1 9,970 2.1 68,233 14.4 11,566 2.4 10,696 2.3 259,261 54.5 12,831 2.7 6,748 1.4 11,205 1935 643,987 634,355 71,165 11.2 21,338 3.4 6,619 1.0 14,997 2.4 117,983 18.6 14,393 2.3 12,169 1.9 325,730 51.3 39,804 6.3 10,162 1.6 9,633 1936 720,319 709,866 90,378 12.7 28,366 4.0 7,399 1.0 19,032 2.7 162,462 22.9 19,230 2.7 12,427 1.8 320,580 45.2 39,989 5.6 10,003 1.4 10,453 1937 967,365 955,179 122,743 12.9 45,283 4.7 10,504 1.1 21,253 2.2 267,178 28.0 26,335.2.8 15,539 1.6 393,490 41.2 40,076 4.2 12,779 1.3 12,186 1938 1,167,115 1,149,515 156,309 13.6 86,816 7.6 20,885 1.8 31,402 2.7 317,816 27.6 29,029 2.5 16,121 1.4 447,596 38.9 - - 43,541 3.8 17,600 1939 1,459,832 1,435,725 193,370 13.5 131,639 9.2 47,332 3.3 35,880 2.5 458,978 32.0 40,957 2.9 18,376 1.3 452,533 31.5 - - 56,661 3.9 24,107 1940 1,645,047 1,619,937 230,811 14.2 144,222 8.9 69,569 4.3 52,236 3.2 648,838 40.1 76,817 4.7 18,228 1.1 303,903 18.8 - - 75,313 4.6 25,109 :. :. - 170 -

1934. 50% 1936 1932 1940 40.1%. 1932 1939 2.5% 1940 4.7%. 1911 1939 7, < 3-10>. 1911 5 1925 173 1929 152 1932 174, 1939 360. 1911 17 1925 3,839 1939 12,401. 1911 70,000 1927 10,231,391 1939 40,956,638. 1932,,., 1939 12,401 270,439 4.6%. 1939 4.7%. 1939 6,953 212) 5.2%. 212) 1940, p.114. - 171 -

< 3-10> ( :,, ) 1911 1918 1925 1932 1939 5 55 173 174 360 17 945 3,839 4,149 12,401 70 1,683 8,315 6,754 40,957 152 1,700 4,228 4,643 6,953 14,575 46,749 80,375 110,650 270,439 (%) 19,640 156,802 337,249 323,271 1,459,832 2.0 3.2 4.1 3.7 5.2 0.1 2.0 4.8 2.1 4.6 0.4 1.0 2.5 2.1 2.8 :,.. 1929. < 3-11> 1933.. 1932 63 13 (21%). 1,118,846m3 42%. 43% 324,741m3.. - 172 -

< 3-11> (1933) 1 ( ) (m3) (m3) (m3) - - 965 175,821 307 553 180,000 250,000 200 25,096 318 79 33,000 25,000 93 13,350 315 42 15,000 * 500,000 160 31,727 320 96 66,000 32,000 65 9,782 290 34 11,000 1,000,000 73 13,077 241 46 30,000 20,000 65 11,331 291 38 16,000 50,000 80 10,500 312 34 12,000 20,000 15 1,554 288 45 1,700 7,000 18 1,943 283 68 2,000 50,000 52 5,477 303 18 16,500 100,000 130 10,833 338 32 30,000 80,000 62 9,650 270 36 14,330 23,000 56 13,353 220 60 28,530 100,000 65 24,730 240 102 36,253 * 30,000 38 3,484 143 24 15,200 * 10,000 16 1,876 275 6.8 2,000 2,297,000 2,153 363,534 4,754 1313.8 509,513 :, 1934,, p.13. * : 863,534m3 363,534m3 1 509,513m3-173 -

1933 1932 25.5%. 1 18 m3 17.5 m3.?, 16 ( ), ( ), ( ) 3 13 213). 10%.. 48.4%. 1995 1,402 3,440,000m3 214) 1 2,454m3. 1941, 90% 215). 1943 94.5% 26,841 75.4% 475 216). 1933 213), 7,,, pp.93-95. 214), 1996,. 215) 216), 1989,,, p.430,. - 174 -

. 3. 1) 1932, 8...,... 1927 12 ( )..., 1920.. - 175 -

. 1929... 1..... 12, 1931..,..,.... - 176 -

2),,,,,,, 8. 1932 1946 15 1,218 3 3,075., 1) :,, 2), 3).., 80 (233.4km) (264.9km) (22 ) 217). 1 3, 4, 1 7 218). 120, 97 2 219) 217), 1932,.( ), pp.5-6. 218), p.6. 219),,, 12 9 25 7 5 100, 1 97 2, 40 8, 12 2 9 5, 1 120, 51 5-177 -

,,, 8 9 220)... - -,. 1,. 221). 1876,. 222).. 12., (, 1932,.( ), pp.7-8). 220), 1932,.( ), p.8. 221), 1996,, p.94. 222), 1975,, 307, p.180. - 178 -

88 223). 12 1927 1931 5 1937 11., 1), 2) - - -,,. < 3-12> ( : ) 1908 3,252 18,819 48,279 1925 19,343 99,916 287,092 1909 3,005 15,064 31,265 1926 27,340 112,314 302,135 1910 3,955 20,719 44,561 1927 29,106 128,737 320,793 1911 5,103 24,729 64,065 1928 29,819 138,394 358,643 1912 5,684 28,138 66,005 1929 34,188 122,632 352,001 1913 5,804 31,197 64,324 1930 29,743 121,934 349,580 1914 5,328 24,842 70,342 1931 28,259 113,588 355,864 1915 6,846 36,245 95,593 1932 29,757 124,927 356,653 1916 6,674 38,992 132,069 1933 34,650 142,742 355,446 1917 10,941 44,915 177,645 1934 32,590 162,304 492,367 1918 13,689 48,143 167,932 1935 37,955 193,246 640,560 1919 17,812 70,629 195,180 1936 53,507 212,124 835,151 1920 16,786 62,802 198,386 1937 65,086 208,871 838,763 1921 17,704 82,587 285,195 1938 81,362 261,529 975,961 1922 13,390 82,609 329,287 1939 81,901 330,387 1,256,350 1923 12,804 90,455 326,765 1940 101,869 379,317 1,442,337 1924 14,207 91,475 257,035 :. 1931 62 1934 67 223), 1940,, p.195. - 179 -

...? 1908 1940 < 3-12>. 3 1934. 1933 50%,, 1933.. < 3-13> (1934 1938) ( : ) - 180 -

1934 52,494 53,371 19,713 1,683 11,080 1,323 1,285 4,258 4,468 22,604 34,040 862 15,689 1,267 5 76 7,125 7,213 1,329 375 4,106 3 144,773 2,985 11,066 23,203 5,771 19,826 34,560 16,990 26,985 40,269 401 1,754 3,739 123 949 3,859 20,548 7,491 1936 96,780 1,904 9,163 21,304 18,911 31,654 8,829 3,077 4,790 31 408 207 4 187 2,833 11 1,080 23,374 5,760 5 4 17,610 3 2 134,221 2,457 6,823 15,508 27,303 12,928 24,422 11,446 2,139 8,939 12,713 49,193 480 506 1,278 458 458 1,160 24,464 959 10,677 5,919 1937 65,765 1,358 4,344 12,949 12,317 22,943 3,312 1,745 1,774 2,556 4,441 70 84 79 72 24 775 561 214 257 1,931 36,410 5 660 1,350 27,194 31 7,170 151,017 1,472 17,707 5,043 23,133 10,890 19,948 11,704 11,307 24,867 8,123 46,785 510 949 973 430 390 1,602 5,018 3,786 24,064 3,443 1938 68,184 1,036 4,774 4,607 10,497 17,947 7,846 3,260 10,753 1,182 4,547 9 2 23 33 38 482 261 1,591 1,018 209 48,380 12,420 23,100 7,290 20 5,520 :. < 3-13> 1934 1938. 1934, 70%,. 2.5 96%.., 90%, (< 3-14> ). < 3-14> (1935 1938) ( : ) - 181 -

1935 22,252 4,609 21,235 150 11,355 517 10,766 15 10,628 3,682 10,456 17 1936 101,819 12,143 98,899 333 11,947 264 11,905 16 12,871 279 12,772 1 12,208 387 12,155 10 34,072 6,773 32,389 158 2,516 620 2,365 30 6,535 284 6,495 47 1937 111,720 16,049 98,241 1,884 5,025 371 4,909 50 7,501 616 7,447 4 12,737 562 12,623 29 21,815 2,117 19,986 488 13,891 873 9,974 32 20,062 1,284 18,182 315 1938 74,239 13,188 67,914 1,258 8,970 461 8,847 4,465 375 4,272 7 12,159 453 12,064 307 13,736 2,610 13,029 307 7,250 878 5,995 141 4,697 895 3,487 397 :. 85% 99%.,.,,,,,. 95%,,.,,,,,,,,,,.,,,.,,.., - 182 -

. 12 8% ( ) 12. 12,, 224).,.,,..,,,.. (1912) 4 3 2.,, (1912.9., 10 ). 224), 1988, 12, 12, p.90. - 183 -

,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, ( 2 2 ). 1) 1, 2) 1 ( 2 3 ) 1) 2, 2) 2 ( 3 )., 1 (500 ).,... 225).1925 1. 1), 225). 1923 5,,.. (, 1976,, p.16). - 184 -

. 240. 2) ( ) 7 3 (1 ) 3) 1920 226) (1) 20, (2) 3. 20, 3 50. 1926 46, 4 64 227),., 1925 10 1) 5 80, 2) 1 20, 100 ( 10 ). 1926 10 120 ( 12 ). 22. ( ) 10% 228). 1925, 1926 4 2 1932. 10. 2 226), 1976,, p.233. 227), 1934,, pp.59-62. 228), 1976,, pp.233-234. - 185 -

. 2 1) 28 m3(1,008,000 ), 2) 8 m3(288,000 ), 3) 34 m3(1,224,000 ), 70m3. 2 1936 4 10 45 m3(162 ) 229)... 3%,.. (1936 1945) :. 1942.,,,... 1943 229), 1976,, p.234. - 186 -

.. 230) 1944.,.. 1., 230) ( ). 1921,,,,.,, ( )., (, 1943,, p.27).. - 187 -

. (1933.1.18) 231).,..,. 44%(1933). 1937..... 232), 231). 232), 1951,, p.223. - 188 -

.... 1936.,,. 1936 1942. 2. 1936 8 25. ( ).. 1936 10 20 25, 6. 77. 2 ( ) ( ).. 3 ( ) 8 5. - 189 -

.. 1, 2, 3,, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 8. 1. 3 4. < 3. > ), ), ), ). < 4. > ),, ) 233)., 1936,,,,,.. 3. 1942 233), 1936,, pp.9 12. - 190 -

.. 1937. 3 10.. 9,. 1940 11 ( ) ( ). 11, 1941 9 234). ' ' (1941 6 ) ( )... 1939, 1940 10 (2.78 m3). 1942 2.. ( ) 234), 1941,, pp.14 16. - 191 -

( ) 235). 1,000 (20 ), 13,200 10,000 5 63,200.,.,. 1942 6, 9 ( ).,,., ( ), 2 3 236).. 3, 4 2, 3 1942 12 10., 235), [ 2 ] 22 ( ). 236), 1944,, 3, p.13,. - 192 -

3 237).. 4 238). 1943 7 1 (< 3-1> ).,,,,, ( ),.,,. 1943. 237) 3 :.. 1. 2. 35 2 1 3. 7. 238) 4 :.. - 193 -

< 3-1> (1943 7 1 ) 239) 4.,.,.,.,,.,.. 239),, 220, p.30. - 194 -

1943 12 1 240).,...,. 1937, 1941. ( ).. < 3-15> 240),, 3, pp.25 26,. - 195 -

.. ( ) ( 4 ) ( 2 ).( 5 ).( 4 ).( 3,. 5 ),,. (.( 6 2 ) ) ( 20 2 ).( 7 )..( 9 ).( 8 ) ( 5 ). ( 14 ),. ( 15,, )., ( 16 ).( 17 ),,.(.( 3 ) 18 ) 50..( 19 ).( 2 )...( 11 ).( 12 ) :,,, pp.21 22, :,. - 196 -

1938 20 60.. 1936 ( ) 1937. 241).. 1941 10 1943 10-80 -...,,.,. 5. ( ).,. 241),,, 193, 63 64. - 197 -

, 1936 8 242).,. ( ), 1937 ( ) (1), (2), (3),, (4),, (5). < >,. 243).,,... 242), 646, p.104. 243), 1937,, pp.1 3. - 198 -

[2. (1) 50 42. (2). - - - (3) ] 244) < 3-16> ( : 1,000 ) B/A (A) (B) % ( ) ( ) 175 150 86 30 1. 2. 108 90 83 30 217 180 83 50 500 420 84 - :, 1937,, p.9., 50,,,, 244), 1937,, pp.5 6. - 199 -

... 1937 1945 10 42 27 ( ) 13,500 ( 8,100, 5,400 ) 20. 57% 30, 50. 16. 245). 16 25, 41 50, 100. 1937 6. 100,,,,,. (1937 7 8 ). 1937 9 1 2,000, (< 3-17> ). 1 (21.6%), 2 (20.0%) 65 100 7 ( ) 77% 245), 1965,, p.121. - 200 -

. 6% 100,,. 500. < 3-17> ( : ) % 432 400 200 200 100 100 100 468 22 20 10 10 5 5 5 23 2,000 100 (1) [ ( 12 9 1 )] (1 4 ) (2) 65 (3) 100? 1938 16.2 1.3. 1941 46,062 ( 15,776, 15,633, 14,643 ). 1940 21.9 1941 7.7. 1938. - 201 -

. 1. 1. 1,600, 19 220 1,400 1911. 220 1 (1912.2.3. 4 ).., ( ). 1) (1917 1924), 2) (1926 1934), 3) (1926 ). 1910, 1927, 1935 < 3-18>. 1910 1910. 1910 220 1,400 52.4% 8,573,374. - 202 -

.. < 3-18> 165,402 (1910) 1,305,373 7,268,001 (1.0%) (6.5%) (45.9%) 5,277,425 3,895,805 164,872 (1917 1924) (32.0%) (23.7%) (1%) 4,631,002 1,110,028 184,720 (1926 1934) (28.4%) (6.8%) (1.1%) 575,349 (3.5%) 901,842 (5.5%) 7,380,843 (46.6%) 6,558,931 (39.8%) 9,506,090 (58.2%) 1941 4,181,107 1,177,749 187,131 1,066,727 9,665,140 (25.7%) (7.2%) (1.1%) (6.5%) (59.4%) : 1924 32.0%, 23.7% 55.7% 9,173,230..,. - 203 -

3,375,663 81.4% 278. 1935 35.2%( 28.4%, 6.8%) 5,740,030 1927 3,522,200., 74. 1941 32.9%( 25.7%, 7.2%) 5,385,856 1935 381,174.. 1,400,, 1941 32.9%. 908,430 (17%) 342,862.,,.. 2.? 1933 246) 246) 1933. 4. 1.. - 204 -

. 1935,.,, 1935 1935. < 3-19> 1935 1 ( ) (%) ( ) (%) 1 799,686 39.8 318,632 3.2 0.4 1 5 795,042 39.6 1,994,154 20.4 2.5 5 20 342,584 17.0 3,267,266 33.5 9.5 20 50 57,133 2.8 1,657,454 17.0 29.0 50 100 10,522 0.5 703,725 7.2 66.9 100 300 3,634 0.2 579,551 5.9 159.5 300 1,323 0.1 1,245,122 12.8 941.1 2,009,924 100.0 9,765,904 100.0 4.9 :,, 137, p.91 :,.. -. - 1. ( 3-19 ) 5 79.4% 5 50 19.8% 50 0.8%., 5 23.6%, 5 50 50.5%, 50 25.9%. 79.4% 5-205 -

23.6% 0.8% 50 25.9%. 1935 5,000 ( ) 29 1 15,468. 3, 6 1 6,504. 247),.. 1933 8 44%, 12%, 44% ( 3-20 ).. 44% 1,276,649... 247),, 1994,, pp.32-34. - 206 -

< 3-20> 1933 ( ) ( ) ( ) (%) (%) (%) (%) 307,437 162,290 253,130 274,584 439,584 424,160 368,701 291,000 210,159 265,910 263,912 247,699 120,664 231,579 138,193 203,309 217,140 366,287 354,737 282,629 235,709 175,216 208,689 222,548 182,554 77,478 75 85 80 79 83 84 77 81 83 78 84 74 64 84,371 37,812 63,735 72,264 168,708 147,553 110,882 121,118 83,631 102,644 112,685 113,591 43,178 36 27 31 33 46 41 39 51 48 49 51 62 56 52,517 18,937 28,652 30,608 40,356 42,214 12,263 36,831 24,000 24,790 22,139 18,458 6,636 23 14 14 14 11 12 4 16 14 12 9 10 8 94,691 81,444 110,922 114,268 157,223 164,970 159,484 77,760 67,585 81,255 88,878 50,505 27,664 41 59 55 54 43 47 57 33 38 39 40 28 36 3,629,230 2,896,068 80 1,262,172 44 358,401 12 1,276,649 44 :, 1936 5 1,, p.39. - 206 -

(1933). < 3-21> 1933 ( : ) 7 7 21 5-2 24 16 26 20 3 4 - - 1-4 6 - - 8-9 7 6-17 15 1 1 37 23 74 40 17 20 29 28 58 48 13 24 29 14 53 40 5 6 17 7 24 16 128 83 100 100 23 17 41 50 3 7 14 8 19 18 100 100 - - :, 106, p.57. :.. 1 1933 4, 248). 22 47, 88.. 1933 5 8 4,.. 248), 106, ( ), pp.56-57. - 208 -

< 3-22> 1933 ( : ) 17 9 2 1 3 3 47 25 - - 5 7 - - - - 10 4 - - 1-11 14 9-13 15 1 3 73 34 16 16 30 31 62 42 13 20 25 38 22 13 52 32 10 4 12 14 23 18 119 81 100 100 18 16 44 40 9 5 10 17 19 22 100 100 - - :, 106, p.57. : 1 1),. 2) 2. 3) 3 5 6. 4) 2 3. 3,. 56% 44% (1908) (1926 1934). - 209 -

. 1926 1936 (1904 1926) (1936 1945).,.. 1) 2) 3)..,.,.,,. 12. - 210 -

,..,,,.,....,. (1926 1936). (1936 1945). 249) - 211 -

.,,,,. 1936,,,,. 1),, 2), 3), 4),,,....,,. 249),, p.2. - 212 -

....,..,.,.. 1), 2), 3). 1), 2),..., - 212 -

... 250).... 1.,. 1902,. (1910), (1912 1924), (1917 250), 1987,, p.1,. - 213 -

1924), (1926 1934)., 1927 1927. 1927 1941 < 4-1> < 4-2>. 1927 1941 9.5 150 (50.1 m3). 1927 1 49.2 (16.4m3) 1941 41.7 (13.9m3).. < 4-1> (1927 1941) 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 5,277,425 5,149,606 5,081,070 4,790,823 4,764,008 4,699,142 4,681,629 4,654,778 4,631,022 4,602,780 4,528,242 4,331,435 4,260,554 4,218,347 4,181,107 3,895,805 3,551,606 3,234,682 3,049,454 2,250,248 1,931,097 1,528,435 1,209,943 1,110,028 1,054,878 1,000,696 1,157,067 1,195,966 1,099,800 1,177,749 9,173,230 8,701,212 8,315,752 7,840,277 7,014,256 6,630,239 6,210,046 5,864,721 5,741,050 5,657,638 5,528,938 5,497,322 575,349 164,872 6,558,931 617,302 170,536 6,939,509 614,227 170,408 7,347,242 691,572 174,289 7,894,755 759,776 176,109 8,537,983 816,568 177,751 8,883,543 7,299,172 7,727,347 8,131,877 8,760,616 9,473,868 9,827,862 ( : ) 16,472,402 16,428,559 16,447,629 16,600,893 16,488,124 16,458,101 868,306 179,384 9,177,819 10,225,509 16,435,555 875,738 172,776 9,422,767 10,481,281 16,346,002 901,842 184,720 9,506,090 10,592,452 16,333,502 928,486 185,447 9,568,895 10,682,828 16,340,466 983,558 188,164 9,611,216 10,782,938 16,311,876 999,578 186,960 9,633,790 10,820,328 16,317,650 5,456,520 1,011,280 187,673 9,657,741 10,856,674 16,313,194 5,318,147 1,052,583 187,292 9,634,741 10,874,616 16,272,647 5,358,856 1,066,727 187,131 9,665,140 10,918,998 16,277,854 41-27 - 1,096,318-2,718,056-3,814,374 491,378 22,259 3,106,209 3,619,826-94,548 :, 1945, ( ), p.605., 1945, ( ), pp.3 4.. 1940, 1941, 1942, - 214 -