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1 Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 16, No. 4 pp , ISSN / eissn 강영식 1* 1 충남대학교교육학과교육대학원유아교육전공 The Effects of Forest Experience Activities for Developing a Moral Sense on Moral Development of Children Young-Sik Kang 1* 1 Dept. of Early Childhood Education, Chung-Nam National University 요약본연구는을알아보는데목적을갖고, 충남지역소재 H 어린이집만 5세유아를대상으로실험집단 20명 ( 남아 9명, 여아 11명 ) 과통제집단 20명 ( 남아 8명, 여아 12명 ) 의총 40명의유아를대상으로 2014년 4월 7일부터 7월 25일까지실험집단에게는숲체험활동을, 통제집단에게는누리과정연계일반활동을총 15차시에걸쳐실시하였다. 연구결과첫째, 숲체험활동교육이유아의도덕적판단력향상에효과가있는것으로나타났다. 둘째, 도덕적행동에있어질서, 예절, 절제가숲체험활동교육을실시한실험집단에유의미한향상을보여숲체험활동이유아의도덕적행동향상에효과가있는것으로나타났다. 이같은결과는유아의숲체험활동이또래와같이자연과의교감과상호작용을통해생명의소중함과더불어또래간공동협동활동을통한질서, 예절, 절제를인식하게하는도덕적발달을증진시키는데유용한교육임을입증시켜준것이라할수있다. Abstract This study is intended to look into the effects of forest experience activities for developing a moral sense on moral development of children. To achieve this, forest experience activities were performed to 40 5-year-old children from H kindergarten in Chungnam area through April 7 to July 25, They were classified into an experimental group(9 male children and 11 female children) and a control group(9 male children and 11 female children). Forest experience activities and Nuri curriculum-related forest experience activities were performed to the experimental group and the control group 10 times, respectively. The results were as follows. First, forest activity education had an effect on improving children's moral judgment. Second, moral behaviors showed that the experimental group improved in order, courtesy and moderation, which forest experience activities had a significant effect on improvement in their moral behaviors. As stated above, children's forest activities will valuable education to enhance moral development that identifies the preciousness of life through communion and interaction with nature along with peers, and order, manners and self-control by joint cooperative activities between peers. Key Words : forest activity, Moral Development, moral behavior, moral judgment 1. 서론 숲은인간과자연과의조화로운관계를어린시기부터자연스럽게인식하게하고정신과육체를튼튼히하 여유아를전인적이고도덕적으로교육하는데매우좋은대상이다 [1]. 무엇보다도숲체험활동은놀이를중심으로활동하면서모든활동영역을통합적으로구성하여유아의전인적인성장과도덕적발달을돕는데적합한 * Corresponding Author : Young-Sik Kang (Chung-Nam National Univ.) Tel: tlrdudrkd1@hanmail.net Received March 9, 2015 Accepted April 9, 2015 Revised (1st March 26, 2015, 2nd April 10, 2015) Published April 30,

2 교육장소이다 [2]. 유아기에획득한자연에대한태도와지식은성인이되었을때많은영향을미친다 [3]. 특히, 생태학적관점에서의숲체험을통한유아의도덕성교육은유아기에이루어져야성인이되었을때올바른인성을갖고도덕적규범에따른충실한바른사회생활을하게된다. 도덕성은인륜의태도로서마땅히지켜야할도리및그에준하는관습, 풍습과연관되는정사 ( 正邪 ), 선악 ( 善惡 ) 의표준또는옳고그름에대한판단력을갖게하는규범으로행동의방향을결정하는태도를가진다 [4-5]. 이같은도덕적판단력과행동을결정짓는도덕성은사회질서유지와대인관계에매우중요한요인이다 [6]. 따라서성인기에이미고착화되어버린판단력과행동은수정하기엔이미늦고발달기유아기에도덕성을습득하도록해주는것이사회와개인의발달을위해중요시된다. Piaget 와 Kohlberg은도덕적판단력과행동을정서에있지않고인지에있다고하였다. 특히 Piaget[7] 는 4 5세유아는타율적도덕성을중시하여규칙은신이나부모와같은권위적존재에의해서만들어진것이라믿으며, 그규칙은신성하고변경할수없는것으로인식한다고주장하였다. 만약이를위반하면벌을받아야한다고생각한다는것이다 [8]. 이러한이유로발달기유아에대한지식의학습과함께보편적양심으로서의도덕적교육이필요함을시사한다. 숲체험활동교육은자연속의동식물의생명체와상호작용을놀이를중심으로활동하면서무한한상상력과창의력을자극할수있는자연의이치를일깨워주는훌륭한장소이다 [1]. 숲체험활동교육이놀이를중심으로활동하면서유아의전이적인성장과발달을돕는데적합한교육활동으로 Chaile와 Britiain은유아들이자연에대한경험을갖게되면, 자연에대해민감성과신중함을갖게되고자연을인식하고지각하여유아들이본래갖고있었던 경이로움 에대한감각을느껴서생물체간의관계를지을수있다고하였다 [9]. [10] 도유아들이숲체험활동을함으로써직접체험의기회를제공받음은물론, 환경교육에대한동기부여그리고환경에대한감수성발달과자연에대한심미적이해를복원할수있다고하였다. 특히유아들에게자연에서의경험을통해습득하게 되는숲활동은어린시절에획득한자연체험이자연에대한바른인식과태도를형성하고, 생명체들과의관계를맺으면서, 그들과더불어살아가는존재라는것을인식케하는데유아의 인성형성에필요한도덕적판단력과행동에대한바른인식함양 에중요한영향을끼칠수있는장소이기때문이다 [11]. 유아기에 지능 달이대부분이이루어지는이시기의도덕적판단력과도덕적행동및도덕적태도를갖게하는인지발달에아주큰영향을미친다. 즉도덕적판단력에있어유아의자연에대한체험은유아들에게자연그대로의놀이터와놀이감을제공하며, 감각능력과지적호기심및상상력을키워주는마음의안정과평화그리고생명의소중함과또래간의협동심을통한질서와양보, 참된체험을통한진실등의삶의지혜를가르쳐준다는점에서도덕적판단력을키우는데적합한교육이다 [12]. 또한도덕적행동에있어서도유아들에게또래와또래간그리고또래와사물간의관계와공존, 배려와질서및자신과타인에대한배려와절제등의행동을통해질서와규범을지켜야한다는도덕성행동발달과도연결된다는점에서연관성이크다 [1,10,13]. 그리고유아자신은물론또래들과다른생명체를사랑할줄아는지혜로거듭날수있는기회를제공하기때문에숲이라는장소는유아들의도덕적판단력과질서, 예절, 절제라는삼요소의도덕성행동을키우기위한최적의장소가될수있다. 그러나이같은유용성에도불구하고기존선행연구는도덕성발달과의연계가부족한환경친화와자연사랑에대한접근에치우쳐왔다. 그주요연구동향으로독일및해외의숲활동효과에관한연구 [14-16], 숲체험교육의생명존중에관한연구 [17], 숲체험교육활성화방안에관한연구 [18], 숲체험활동이유아의자존감 [19] 이나감성지능 [20-21], 환경친화적인태도와생명존중인식 [22] 등정의적측면과수학 [23], 과학 [24], 음악 [25] 의인지적측면에긍정적영향을미침을주장하는연구에초점이맞추어져기존연구의한계와숲체험활동을자연환경친화성이외의도덕적발달과연계시킴으로유아들에도덕성발달을위한현장탐구를접목한연구로서매우유용한연구방법임을뒷받침해준다. 따라서본연구에서는과거의텍스트형교수방법에서벗어나도덕성발달을중시한체험탐구학습프로그램을이용한유아들의도덕성발달을접목시킨유아의최고의놀이공간이라할수있는숲체험활동프로그램 2487

3 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 4 호, 2015 체험교육이유아의도덕성발달에실험집단과비교집단간어느정도차이를보이는지이들상호관계와차이를밝히는것을연구문제로삼고본연구에서의도덕성판단력은 Piaget의인지발달이론에근거한숲체험활동을통해발달기만5세유아의인과응보적사고체득과모방에의한획일적으로체득되는일반적도덕성이아닌숲체험활동에서나타나는일련의질서를지키고서로협동하며상호관계의소중함과차례로이동하며탐구하는과정에서의거짓없이진실한탐구체험을교사의지도에의한질서와규칙의중요성을통해도덕적판단력으로정의하고들어옆또래를도우려다꽃이꺾어져버린경우수집해놓은꽃잎과벌레풀등을몰래훔치려다들킨경우를비교할때, 전자의경우가더나쁘다고생각하는차이를도덕적판단력으로정의한다. 그리고도덕적행동은체험활동을통해자연의질서와또래간차례를지켜탐구체험하려는의도와욕심내지않고순리를지켜탐구하는행동을도덕적행동으로정의하고이들두가지도덕적발달로실험집단과비교집단간의차이를밝히는것을본연구의목적으로한다. 2. 연구방법 2.1 연구대상본연구의대상은충남에소재하는 H 어린이집 40명을실험집단과통제집단으로하였다. 실험집단에는 B반에재원중인만 5세유아 20명 ( 남아 9명, 여아 11명 ) 과통제집단에는 K반에재원중인만 5세유아 20명 ( 남아 8명, 여아 12명 ) 으로총 40명의유아를실험집단과통제집단으로구분하였다. 연구방법은실험집단의 B반은숲활동을도덕성발달교육과연계된숲체험활동프로그램을계획하여적용하였다. 반면통제집단의 K반은본원에서실시하고있는누리과정과연계한일반적활동을적용하였다. Table 1. Research Subjects Classification Student Numbers Male Students Female Students Total Experimental Total 연구절차본연구는실험집단통제집단에게사전검사, 숲체험활동실험처치와사후검사로실시하였다. 2.3 실험집단과통제집단교육내용통제집단은일반체험활동으로누리과정 50분동안누리연계일반산책체험활동을통해신체표현이나기본생활습관을중심으로감성표현, 사회관계, 의사소통, 자연탐구등누리과정활동을중심으로생활주제에따라진행하였다. 실험집단은도덕성발달을교육목표로하는숲체험활동으로숲활동시공공장소에서질서지키기, 숲활동후정리 정돈하기, 협동하며규칙지키고활동하기, 함께할때는큰소리로이야기하지않기, 간식먹을때예절지키기, 친구를배려하고양보하고이해하기활동을통해도덕성을강조한체험활동을교수학습교육계획안을작성하여 15회기동안실험적용하였다. 2.4 검사도구본연구에서는숲체험활동교육이만 5세유아도덕성발달에미치는영향을알아보기위하여통제집단과실험집단에적용할사전 사후검사를위한설문문항은유아의도덕적판단력을묻는 12문항과유아의도덕적행동을묻는단답형 40문항, 일반적특성은성별 1문항으로총 53문항으로구성하였는데이를보면다음과같다 유아의도덕적판단력본연구에서유아의도덕적판단력을측정하기위한도구는 Piaget의이론을바탕으로하여새로운방법을도입한 Hebble[26] 의척도를국내반영한정서목 [27] 와김수진 [28] 의척도를바탕으로본연구에맞도록수정 보완하였다. 이척도의구성은 Piaget[7] 의실험에서제시된과실, 거짓말, 도둑질등의세가지영역에관해도덕적책임을묻는이야기를의도와결과모두각기두수준에따라의도는좋은데결과적으로적은손실을입은좋은의도- 적은손실, 의도는좋은데결과적으로많은손실을입은좋은의도- 많은손실, 의도는나쁜데결과적으로적은손실을입은나쁜의도-적은손실의도도나빴고결과적으로많은손실을입은나쁜의도-많은손실의 4가지사례로구성되어있다. 즉, 질문지의내용은도 2488

4 덕적판단을하게하는것으로이를유아에게제시하여주인공이얼마나나쁜지, 유아로하여금판단하게하였다. 질문지의문항수는도덕성영역별 ( 과실, 거짓말, 도둑질 ) 각각 3문항, 도덕성척도별 ( 좋은의도- 적은손실, 좋은의도 - 많은손실, 나쁜의도 - 적은손실, 나쁜의도 - 많은손실 ) 로 4문항으로 Likert 4점척도의총 12개문항으로구성하였다 유아의도덕적행동 유아의도덕적행동을측정하기위한도구는국립교육평가원 [29] 에서개발한유아의기본생활습관평가척도중질서, 예절, 절제의덕목을반영한부경선 [30] 과김수진 [28] 의척도를바탕으로본연구에맞게수정 보완하여질서 12문항, 예절 11문항, 절제 17문항으로총 40문항으로구성하였다. 도덕적행동의점수는각덕목별로매우못함, 못함, 보통, 잘함, 매우잘함의 5단계척도에대해 1점, 2점, 3점, 4점, 5점으로평가토록하였다. Table 2. Questionnaire Construction Classification Question Question Numbers Moral Judgement Moral Judgement Etiquette 1-12 Moral Behaviors Order Moderation 1-17 General Characteristics Gender 1 1 Total 사전검사 사전검사는전체실험집단과비실험통제집단유아 40명을대상으로본연구자가직접질문하고답하며본설문지에자세히기록하였다. 즉, 사전검사로실험집단과비실험통제집단에게관련도덕성설문지를통해 2014년 3월 17일부터 3월 21일까지일주일에걸려 5일동안하루에 4~5명씩유아를개별적으로약 10~15분정도의시간을소요하면서사전검사를실시하였다 실험처치 본연구의실험처치는계획된활동을 2014 년 4 월 7 일부터 7월 25일까지주 2회씩 8주에걸쳐총 15차시를실시하였다. 즉, 실험집단의유아에게는매주화요일과목요일에본유아교육기관의부근숲체험활동이이루어지는근교에서유아들과함께도덕성발달교육과연계한숲체험활동을매주 2회씩약 40~60분정도계획된 프로그램으로숲체험활동을실시하였으며, 비실험통제집단은실험처치기간동안본원에서실시하고있는누리과정의일반산책활동을실시하였다 사후검사 숲체험활동의실험처치가끝난후집단의효과를알아보기위해실험집단과비실험집단유아에게 2014년 7월 28일부터 8월 1일까지사전검사와동일한검사도구로동일한방법을적용하여사후검사를실시하였다. 전체적으로연구집단의숲체험활동은본연구자가직접진행하고통제집단은해당어린이집원장과교육받은담임교사가직접진행하도록하였다. 3.1 신뢰도분석 3. 연구결과 본연구에서다문항척도로측정된문항이동질적인문항들로구성되었는지신뢰도를검증하기위해문항간의내적일치도를보는 Cronbach's α계수를산출하였다. 일반적으로신뢰도의척도인 Cronbach's α값은정해진기준이없지만.60 이상이면신뢰도가있다고보며.50 이상이면분석하는데큰문제가없는것으로본다. 따라서본연구에서의도덕적판단력.72와도덕적행동.85로전체신뢰도가.82로매우높은것으로나타나문항의신뢰도는적합한것으로해석할수있다. Table 3. Reliability Analysis of Scales Classification Question Reliability Moral Judgement Moral Behaviors 3.2 자료의처리 Etiquette Order Moderation Total 본연구에서실험을통하여수집된자료의통계처리는데이터코딩 (data coding) 과데이터클리닝 (data cleaning) 과정을거쳐, SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Science) v 통계패키지프로그램을활용하여분석하였다. 구체적으로다음과같은분석을실시하였다. 첫째, 측정도구의타당성을검증하기위하여요인분석을실시하였으며, 신뢰도검증을위하여 Cronbach's α 2489

5 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 4 호, 2015 계수를산출하였다. 둘째, 연구대상자의도덕적판단력, 도덕적행동에대한동질성검증을위하여독립표본 t-test를실시하였다. 셋째, 집단별도덕적판단력, 도덕적행동변화를알아보기위하여다변량분석을실시하였으나공분산행렬에대한동질성을만족하지못하므로검증결과를신뢰할수없어후속적으로집단간차이가있는지알아보기위하여대응표본 t-test와독립표본 t-test를실시하였다. 3.3 집단간사전동질성검증 도덕적판단력 숲체험활동교육을실시한실험집단과실시하지않은통제집단을대상으로도덕적판단력에대해동질적인집단으로구성되어있는지를검증한결과는다음 Table 4와같다. 결과를살펴보면, 도덕적판단력에있어실험집단 (M=1.16) 은통제집단 (M=1.07) 에비해다소높게나타났으나통계적으로유의미한차이는나타나지않았다 (p>.05). 즉, 실험집단과통제집단은도덕적판단력에있어동질한집단으로볼수있다. Table 4. Prior Similarity of Moral Judgement Classification Experimental t-value p M SD M SD Total 도덕적행동 숲체험활동교육을실시한실험집단과실시하지않은통제집단을대상으로도덕적행동에대해동질적인집단으로구성되어있는지를검증한결과는다음 Table 5와같다. 결과를살펴보면, 전체도덕적행동에있어통제집단 (M=143.00) 은실험집단 (M=137.30) 에비해다소높게나타났으나통계적으로유의미한차이는나타나지않았다 (p>.05). 또한도덕적행동의각하위영역별질서, 예절, 절제에있어서도통계적으로유의미한차이는나타나지않아실험집단과통제집단은도덕적행동에있어동질한집단으로볼수있다. Table 5. Prior Similarity of Moral Behaviors Classification Experimental t-value p M SD M SD Order Etiquette Moderation Total 도덕적판단력및도덕적행동에대한효과 도덕적판단력에대한효과 다음 Table 6은숲체험활동교육을실시한실험집단과실시하지않은통제집단을대상으로도덕적판단력에대한변화를분석한결과이다. 분석결과도덕적판단력에있어서는통제집단의경우사전 (M=1.07) 에서사후 (M=1.05) 로 0.02 감소하였으나통계적으로유의미한차이는나타나지않았고 (t=.384 p>.05), 숲체험활동교육을실시한실험집단의경우사전 (M=1.16) 에서사후 (M=1.30) 로 0.14 증가하여통계적으로유의미한차이가나타났다 (t=-2.075, p<.05). 또한, 숲체험활동교육을실시한후도덕적판단력에대해실험집단과통제집단의집단간차이를분석한결과통계적으로유의미한차이가나타났으며 (t=3.805, p<.01), 실험집단이통제집단보다도덕적판단력이높은것으로나타났다. 즉, 전체적으로볼때, 본연구에서실시한숲체험활동교육이유아의도덕적판단력향상에효과가있는것으로나타났다. Table 6. Pre- and Post-Test on Moral Judgement Test Item Moral Judgement * p<.05, ** p<.01 Pre-Test Experime ntal Post-Test M SD M SD t-value * ** (.001) 도덕적행동에대한효과 다음 Table 7 은숲체험활동교육을실시한실험집단과실시하지않은통제집단을대상으로도덕적행동에대한변화를분석한결과이다. 서로상관관계가큰도덕 p 2490

6 적행동의하위요인별질서, 예절, 절제의경우 ANOVA( 일변량분석 ) 분석을실시하였다. 분석결과도덕적행동의하위요인별질서, 예절, 절제의평균벡터간차이가있는지 Box의동일성검정을확인한결과유의확률 p=.000으로평균벡터간차이가있어공분산행렬의동질성에관한가정이위배되어다변량분석의검증결과를신뢰할수없다. 따라서두집단간차이를검증하기위해독립표본 t-test를후속실시한결과는다음과같다. 먼저전반적인도덕적행동에있어서는통제집단의경우사전 (M=143.00) 에서사후 (M=151.45) 로 8.45 증가하였으나통계적으로유의미한차이는나타나지않았고 (t=-1.907, p>.05), 숲체험활동교육을실시한실험집단의경우사전 (M=137.30) 에서사후 (M=169.95) 로 증가하여통계적으로유의미한차이가나타났다 (t=-7.064, p<.001). 또한, 숲체험활동교육을실시한후도덕적행동에대해실험집단과통제집단의집단간차이를분석한결과통계적으로유의미한차이가나타났으며 (t=2.276**, p<.01), 실험집단이통제집단보다도덕적행동이높은것으로나타났다. 각하위요인별살펴보면 질서 에있어서는통제집단의경우사전 (M=42.30) 에서사후 (M=45.35) 로 3.05 증가하였으나통계적으로유의미한차이는나타나지않았고 (t=-1.786, p>.05), 숲체험활동교육을실시한실험집단의경우사전 (M=41.15) 에서사후 (M=50.95) 로 9.8 증가하여통계적으로유의미한차이가나타났다 (t=-5.525, p<.001). 또한, 숲체험활동교육을실시한후 질서 에대해실험집단과통제집단의집단간차이를분석한결과통계적으로유의미한차이가나타났으며 (F=3.028**, p<.05), 실험집단이통제집단보다질서가높은것으로나타났다. 예절 에있어서는통제집단의경우사전 (M=39.55) 에서사후 (M=41.75) 로 2.2 증가하였으나통계적으로유의미한차이는나타나지않았고 (t=-1.394, p>.05), 숲체험활동교육을실시한실험집단의경우사전 (M=38.20) 에서사후 (M=46.85) 로 8.65 증가하여통계적으로유의미한차이가나타났다 (t=-6.285, p<.001). 또한, 숲체험활동교육을실시한후 예절 에대해실험집단과통제집단의집단간차이를분석한결과통 계적으로유의미한차이가나타났으며 (F=3.589**, p<.01), 실험집단이통제집단보다예절이높은것으로나타났다. 절제 에있어서는통제집단의경우사전 (M=61.15) 에서사후 (M=64.35) 로 3.2 증가하였으나통계적으로유의미한차이는나타나지않았고 (t=-1.720, p>.05), 숲체험활동교육을실시한실험집단의경우사전 (M=57.95) 에서사후 (M=72.15) 로 14.2 증가하여통계적으로유의미한차이가나타났다 (t=-6.921, p<.001). 또한, 숲체험활동교육을실시한후 절제 에대해실험집단과통제집단의집단간차이를분석한결과통계적으로유의미한차이가나타났으며 (F=3.535**, p<.01), 실험집단이통제집단보다절제가높은것으로나타났다. 즉, 전체적으로볼때, 본연구에서실시한숲체험활동교육이유아의도덕적행동향상에효과가있는것으로나타났다. Table 7. Pre- and Post-Test on Moral Behaviors Test Pre-Test Post-Test Item M SD M SD Order Etiquette Moderat ion Total Experim ental Experim ental Experim ental Experim ental * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001 t-value *** * (.010) *** ** (.004) *** ** (.001) *** ** (.001) p 2491

7 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 4 호, 결론본연구는만 5세유아들을대상으로도덕성함양을위한숲체험활동이유아의도덕적발달 ( 판단력및도덕적행동 ) 에대한실험집단과비교집단간차이를알아보는데목적을갖고연구하였는데, 그결과를요약하면다음과같다. 첫째, 전반적인도덕적판단력에있어서통제집단의경우 0.02 감소하였으나통계적으로유의미한차이는나타나지않았고, 숲체험활동을실시한실험집단의경우실험후 0.14 증가하여통계적으로유의미한차이가나타났다. 즉, 본연구에서실시한숲체험활동이유아의도덕적판단력향상에효과가있는것으로볼수있다. 둘째, 도덕적행동에있어서는통제집단의경우 8.45 증가하였으나통계적으로유의미한차이는나타나지않았고, 숲체험활동을실시한실험집단의경우실험후 증가하여통계적으로유의미한차이가나타났다. 또한각하위요인별질서, 예절, 절제에있어서도숲체험활동교육을실시한실험집단의경우유의미한향상을보여본연구에서실시한숲체험활동교육이유아의도덕적행동함양에효과가있는것으로볼수있다. 이같은결과는유아의숲체험활동이또래와같이자연과의교감과상호작용을통해생명의소중함과또래간협동심을통해도덕적판단력과질서, 예절, 절제에대한도덕성발달을촉진시키는기제임을입증해준결과라할수있다. 이는기존의숲활동이자연과생명존중에미치는영향뿐만아니라, 유아의도덕성발달에영향을미쳤음을의미한다. 즉또래들과의협동을통한그룹활동과개인탐구학습을통해혼자개별행동하지않고함께숲체험활동을하면서위험한곳에서는서로양보하고친구가할때까지기다려주고배려하기등을통해도덕성이함양한것으로볼수있다. 즉, 숲속생명과의소통속에서인내하고참는절제를통해큰소리로떠들지않고자기역할수행하기및가지고간음식물, 쓰레기버리지않고가져가기등규칙과질서, 예절의중요성을직접체험하면서자발적학습을통해스스로체득한것이다. 이는김동욱 [21] 과장희정 [17] 이밝힌친환경적인효과연구에머무르지않고자연과의교감을통해질서, 절제, 예절이라는도덕적판단력을증진하는교육적의의를갖는데효율적이라는선행연구를지지해주는것으로숲단체또래간활동의협 동성과공동놀이활동을통한질서와양보, 자연그대로의순응의기다림의예절과절제가뒷받침됨으로보다자연의중요성과도덕적책무를바탕으로한의무감을촉진시킬수있음을시사한것으로평가할수있다. 이와같은결과는숲은유아들에게희망과회복, 변화와치료등의메시지를제공한다는점에서유아들의자연에서의활동교육을통해자연으로부터얻은감정들이유아에게 배움의씨앗 을제공하게된다. 따라서유아들에게숲체험활동을격려하고제공한다면, 유아들이생명의소중함에대해더욱깊게이해하게되고, 살아있는것에대한동정심과생명체에대한자연의질서와소중함을일깨우게한다 [31]. 특히숲은가장자연스럽게생명의다양성을인식하고경험할수있는장소로유아들에게무한한상상력을제공하는놀이터이자유아들의자연속의질서와절제를통해유아공동체로서의도덕성을체득할수있는열린공간이될수있음을입증시켜준것이라할수있다. 도덕적판단력과사고의발달놀이행동을통해인지발달이론적관점에서만 5세유아의도덕발달 [27] 과관련하여 Piaget은만 5세유아의도덕발달을인지발달과마찬가지로분화되고통합된새로운인지구조를형성해가는과정에적합한연령으로숲체험과같은자연속또래간단체활동을통해특유의도덕적판단구조를잘흡수하고인지발달수준이인지구조에의하여구별될수있는것과마찬가지로도덕발달수준또한유아자신과또래와의탐구행동을통해교육적효과를높일수있음을시사한것으로볼수있다. 따라서이같이나타난결과를바탕으로도덕성발달기인유아기에숲체험활동의장려를통한유아기도덕성발달활성화숲활동프로그램으로유아교육현장에서의확장적용을통해교육적소재로서보다활성화시켜야할것이다. 마지막으로본연구는특정지역소재유아들을대상으로한점에서결과를일반화시키는데제한을가지며향후전국적표준화와실험대상및기간을늘려보완된후속적연구가요구된다. References [1] J. T. Lim, Forest Kindergarten: Meeting of Forest and Children. Seoul: The association of Forest kindergarten, [2] M. H. Lee, A Field Study of the German Forest 2492

8 Kindergarten, The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, Vol.8, Nov.3, pp , [3] S. D. Mi, M. A. Kim K. J. Lee, "The Meaning of the Parents` Nature Experience Activities", The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, Vol.11 No.3, pp , [4] G. R. Oh, A Study on the differences in moral development of adolescents by the parents' rearing behaviors and gender, MS Thesis Chonbuk National University, [5] J. Piaget, The moral judgement of the child. London: Routlede & Kegan Paul, [6] Y.J. Ahn, A Study on the Relationship Between Moral Development of Children and Parenting Behaviors of Mother. MS Thesis Chung-Ang University, 1995 [7] J. Piaget, The moral judgement of the child. NY: Free Press, [8] T. H. Kim, Moral Developmental Theory and Education. Goyang: Ingansarang, [9] J.S. Han, The Educational Meaning of Nature Experience Activity at Kindergarten, MS Thesis University of Incheon, 2003 [10] S.Y. Kim, The Walk Activity of Children into the Woods and the Stay,MS Thesis Chungang University, 2005 [11] Eco Education Institue, Guidebook for foresteducation.seoul: Aebeolrae, [12] H.S. Min, Effects of Learning Experiences in Natural Environment on Children's Emotional Development,MS Thesis Chungnam National University, 2003 [13] H. J. Jang, "How is the kindergardners forest education going in Korea now", Society for Forests & Culture, Vol.18 No.3, pp , 2009 [14] M.H. Lee, "A Study of Various Management Types of the Forest Kindergarten", Eco Early Childhood Education, Vol.7 No.3, pp , [15] M.H. Lee, "Prospects of Introductin Overseas Forest Kindergarden Program to Korea", Forests & Culture, Vol.18 No.3, pp. 9-22, [16] Y.M. Han, "A Study on Forest Kindergarten", The Korea Association of Child Care and Education, Vol.60, pp. 1-18, [17] H. J. Jang, "How is the kindergardners forest education going in Korea now", Forests & Culture, Vol.18 No.3, [18] M. Y. Jang, S.Y. Im, J.H. Byun, E. J. Kim, J. T. Lim, "A Study on the State and Development of Domestic Forest Kindergartens", The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, Vol.16 No.1, pp , [19] K.H. Park, A Study of the Influence of Forest-experience-activity upon Children's Self-concept Development, MS Thesis Dongguk University, 2005 [20] D.G. Kim, H. J. Kim, The Effects of Forest Experience Activities to the Children's Emotional Intelligence, Eco Early Childhood Education, Vol.4 No.1, pp [21] D.W.Kim, Effects of School Forest Experiential Activities on the Emotional Change of children, MS Thesis Kyungnam University, [22] Y.S. Kang, "The influence of forests activities on children's ecological attitude and respectful recognition of life", The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, Vol.14 No.4, pp , [23] Y.M. Seo, The Effects of Mathematical Inquiry Activity based on Forest Experience on the Children`s Mathematical Problem Solving Ability and Attitude toward Mathematics, MS Thesis Chung-Ang University, [24] J.S. Ma, "The Influence of Forests Activities Based on Children`s Science Ability and Science Attitude", Korean Society For Early Childhood Physical Education, Vol.9 No.1, pp , [25] Y.H. Mun, Impact of Music Activities through Forest on the Development of the Music Ability of Preschoolers, MS Thesis Incheon University, [26] P. W. Hebble, The development of elementary schoolchild's judgement of intent. Child Development, Vol.42 No. 6, pp , DOI: [27] S.M. Jeong, The Effects of the Noble Eight Fold Path Oriented Meditation Activity on Young Children's Morality and Sociability,Ph.D. Dissertation Dong-A University,2014. [28] S.J. Kim, The Effects of a Program combining Conflict Discussion with Dramatic Play through Picture Books on Moral Development and Aggression Reduction of kindergarten Children, Ph.D. Dissertation Kyungnam University, [29] National Board of Educational Evaluation, A Study on the Evaluation of Kindergarten Education. Seoul: 2493

9 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 4 호, 2015 National Board of Educational Evaluation, [30] B. K. Seon, The effect of integrated moral education activities using traditional fairy tales on young children's development of moral ability : centering on Jeju traditional tales, MS Thesis Yeungnam University, [31] K. A. Borin, Nature places and story spaces: An exploration of children's stories about nature, Ed.D. Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick, 강영식 (Young-Sik Kang) [ 정회원 ] 2004 년 2 월 : 원광대학교유아교육전공 ( 문학박사 ) 2006 년 8 월 : 원광대학교사회복지학과전공 ( 사회복지학박사 ) 2012 년 1 월 ~ 현재 : 충남대학교교육학과교육대학원 ( 유아교육전공교수 ) < 관심분야 > 유아교육. 부모교육. 2494

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