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1 14 1 ( 26 ) Korean J Med Hist Jun 2005 ISSN X * 1 1) 2) (Alkmai n)3) * 1) 982b 155d 2) Celsus De medicina Proem 6-7 3)

2 ( ) 4) 5) 6) (Philisti n) 4 7) 1 8) 4) 2004 p 442 p 451 5) J Burnet Early Greek Philosophy London(4th ed) 1930 p ) L Edelstein Ancient Philosophy and Medicine ed O Temkin and C L Temkin Ancient Medicine Baltimore and London The Hopkins University Press ) ( ) 8) Celsus De medicina Proem 8 33

3 14 1 ( 26 ) ) 9) 10) 11) ( ) 12) [ ] [ ] 13) 9) H Diels & W Kranz Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker Vol I 6th ed Berlin Weidmann 1968( DK ) 11A14 11A15 10) DK 13A21 11) DK 12A11 12) DK 13A17 13) DK 12A23 34

4 14) (arch ) (arch ) 15) 16) 17) 18) ) 3 2) 20) 14) DK 13A17 15) 16) DK 12A15 13A10 17) DK 12A11 12B2 12A15 18) 4 ( ) 19) J Longrigg Greek Rational Medicine London and New york Routledge 1993 p 2 p 33 20) (rational) 35

5 14 1 ( 26 ) ) 22) 4 ( ) (magoi) (kathartai) (agyrtai) (alazones) 23) (hier nousos) (rational medicine) 21) J Longrigg 12 22) ) 2 36

6 (kata genos) 24) 25) 26) (kata physin) 27) 28) 3 - (Alkmai n) 1? 24) 5 25) 13 26) 21 27) 22 28) J Longrigg 2 37

7 14 1 ( 26 ) ) (physis) (arch ) (physis) (physis) (arch ) (ex hou) 10 30) 31) (dynameis) (isonomia) [ ] (monarchia) [ ] (symmetron krasis) 32) isonomia monarchia 29) 30) a21-986b8 31) T J Tracy Physiological Theory and The Doctrine of The Mean in Plato and Aristotle The Hague Paris Mouton 1969 p 67 32) DK 24B

8 34) 33) (physis) ( ) (krasis) 19 35) 33) L MacKinney The Concept of isonomia in Greek Medicine heraus von J Mau und E G Schmidt ISONOMIA Berlin Akademie-Verlag 1964 p ) (Loeb IV) 4 35) (Loeb I)

9 14 1 ( 26 ) (3 ) (4 ) I (3 ) (32 ) (pathos) (1 ) I (2 ) IV (32 ) (35 ) ( ) ( ) (2 ) 36) (Menekrat s) ( ) ( ) (Petr n) 37) (Philisti n) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 38) 4-1) 36) 6 G E R Lloyd "Who is attacked in On Ancient Medicine?" in Phronesis 8(1963) p ) T J Tracy p 67 38) M Frede Philosophy and Medicine in Antiquity Essays in Ancient Philosophy minneapolis University of Minnesota Press 1987 p

10 1 (1 ) 1 2 (physis) (hypothesis) 1 (iatrik ) (hypoth sis) [ ] /5/ (kainon) (1) (hypoth sis)39) (2) 39) (hypothesis) (86e3 ) G E R Lloyd p

11 14 1 ( 26 ) (3)? 40) 1? (1) (1) (1) 5 41) 42) 20 43) 40) 2 M Frede p ) G E R Lloyd p ) 42

12 1 13 1?? (1) 44) (2) [ ] (graphik )45) (3) [ ] (1 2 3 ) (1) (2) (physis) 43) DK 44A27 44) 45) graphik 43

13 14 1 ( 26 ) physis (1) (2) (3) ( ) (1) 46) (DK21B34) (DK24B1) 47) 46) J Longrigg Greek Rational Medicine London and New York Routledge 1993 p84 p 90 G E R 1996 p ) 1 (44B6) J Longrigg p 103 C A Huffman Philolaus of Croton Pythagorean and Presocratic Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1993 p

14 2) (hypothesis) (logoi) 48) 49) 50) 48) d-100a 49) 39 50) W H S Jones Philosophy and medicine in Ancient Greece Mew York Arno Press 1979 p

15 14 1 ( 26 ) ) [ ] 52) ( ) ( ) (to apeiron) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 53) 54) [ ] 55) 51) DK 11A12 52) (1 ) 22 53) DK 12A16 54) DK 12A11 55) DK 12A26 46

16 1/3 56) 57) (Back to The Presocratics) 58) 5 59) (physis) 55) DK 12A26 56) DK 12A10 57) DK 12A9 58) K R Popper Conjectures and Refutations Londer RKP 1978 p ) 47

17 14 1 ( 26 ) (hypothesis) ) 60) Celsus De medicina Proem 8 48

18 61) (sophi )62) 63) : : ) 436a ) sophi M Frede p ) Decorum( ) 5 49

19 14 1 ( 26 ) = ABSTRACT = T he Relation of Philos ophy and Me dicine in A ncient Gre ece RHEE Kee- Bag* The purpose of this paper is to deal with two questions concerning the relation of philosophy and medicine in ancient greece (1) Which influences had philosophy on medicine? (2) Whom did attack the author of On the ancient medicine? And (3) was his criticism right? (1) Philosophy s influences was twofold (a) As early Greek philosophers had explained natural phenomena by natural elements without recourse to any supernatural god so authors of Hippocratic Works also had sought to explain diseases They had replaced magical and religious medicine with rational medicine by virtue of rational explanation This seems to have represented medicine s debt to philosophy (b) Many medical authors primarily had studied the nature of human i e the basic constituents of the body since they had thought the very same to be causes of diseases This aspect shows the conspicuous influence of philosophy Because it was the nature of cosmos i e the source or basic constituent that early Greek philosophers had searched to explain cosmos and all natural phenomena in it (2) On the other hand the author of On the ancient medicine attacks physicians that are influenced by cosmology of early Greek philosophers The point of his criticism in Chapter 1 is that philosophical physicians postulate one or two constituents of the body as the primary cause of men s diseases Then are physicians that postulate various constituents free from the author s criticism? At least according to Chapter 20 it is not so He seems to criticize physicians in general who proceed by the hypothetical method He contrasts this method with the method of trial and error and asserts that this is of medicine but that is of philosophy (3) Although this methodological separation was right in a sense at least the opinion of the author seems to be extreme Because medicine can t be science if it does not make use of any hypothesis And philosophical physicians or early Greek philosophers does not seems to be such dogmatic as the author thinks First of all they did not exclude the method of experience Their method was both empirical and speculative They postulated some constituents by speculation based on experience and had a device to avoid danger of dogmatism that their theory might have It is critical thinking It s obvious evidence is their various thinking concerning the basic constituents The same is applied to philosophical physicians Thus the harmonious relation of medicine and philosophy had seemed to be maintained in antiquity even though the author of On the ancient medicine attacked philosophical physicians so severely and attempted to separate medicine from philosophy Key Words ancient medicine religious medicine rational medicine early Greek philosopher hypothesis * Department of Medical History Yonsei University College of Medicine 50

歯kjmh2004v13n1.PDF

歯kjmh2004v13n1.PDF 13 1 ( 24 ) 2004 6 Korean J Med Hist 13 1 19 Jun 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * * 1 ( ) 2) 3) 4) * 1) ( ) 3 2) 7 1 3) 2 1 13 1 ( 24 ) 2004 6 5) ( ) ( ) 2 1 ( ) 2 3 2 4) ( ) 6 7 5) - 2003 23 144-166 2 2 1) 6)