<30342E C1F5C8C4BFCD20BFAABFACB7C92C20B0F1BFACB7C92C20C3CAB0E620BDC3B1E220B9D720BCBAC0CE20BFB9C3F8BDC5C0E D B0FAC0C720B0FCB0E82E687770>

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "<30342E C1F5C8C4BFCD20BFAABFACB7C92C20B0F1BFACB7C92C20C3CAB0E620BDC3B1E220B9D720BCBAC0CE20BFB9C3F8BDC5C0E D B0FAC0C720B0FCB0E82E687770>"

Transcription

1 대한한방소아과학회지제 31 권제 4 호 (2017 년 11 월 ) J Pediatr Korean Med. November, 2017;31(4):31-38 ISSN (Print), (Online), Risser 증후와역연령, 골연령, 초경시기및성인예측신장 (AHP-TW3) 과의관계 구은진 이진화 김윤희 대전대학교한의과대학소아과학교실 Abstract The Study on Correlations of Risser Sign with the Chronological Age, Bone Age, Menarche, and Adult Height Prediction according to TW3 Method Koo Eun Jin Lee Jin Hwa Kim Yun Hee Department of Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University Objectives The purpose of this study was to find out the clinically reliable relationships between the Risser sign and chronological age, bone age, menarche, and adult height prediction (AHP) and to evidence the reliability of the Risser sign. Methods This study had been carried out with 50 children who had their growth checked in an oriental medical hospital from January 2015 to February We investigated Risser sign in AP X-rays with iliac crest, bone age, AHP for all 50 children and the timing of menarche from the 22 girls in the study subjects. We also investigated a correlation between the Risser stage and the other indicators to analyze statistical data. Results The mean chronological ages of Risser 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 11.2, 12.6, 14.4, and 15.5 years respectively for the boys and 10.8, 12.2, 13.8 and 14.8 years respectively for the girls. The mean bone ages of Risser 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 12.3, 13.6, 15.7 and 16.5 years respectively for the boys and 11.7, 13.8, 14.3 and 14.9 years respectively for the girls. We analyzed 22 girls' Risser stages in accordance with the duration from menarche. The result showed that in the first six months after menarche, all girls were in Risser 1 and 2; in the next six months, the girls were in Risser 2 on average; in the next 12 months, all girls were in Risser 3 and 4; after more than two years from menarche, all girls were in Risser 4. The mean remaining growth height of Risser 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 27.8, 17.3, 4.4 and 1.0 cm respectively for the boys and 14.5, 5.1, 3.1 and 1.1 cm respectively for the girls. The Risser stage was correlated strongly with chronological age (Spearman's rho=0.707 (boy), (girl)), bone age (Spearman's rho=0.869 (boy), (girl)), duration from menarche (Spearman's rho=0.909) and remaining growth height (Spearman's rho= (boy), (girl)). Conclusions This study showed that the Risser sign can be useful in assessing skeletal maturity and predicting remaining growth height based on the Risser stage and the other growth indicators. Key words: Risser sign, Chronological age, Bone age, Menarche, Adult Height Prediction (AHP), TW3, Remaining growth height Received: October 26, 2017 Revised: November 9, 2017 Accepted: November 10, 2017 Corresponding Author: Kim Yun Hee Korean medicine hospital of Daejeon university, 75, Daedeok-daero 176beon-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. Tel: / Fax: unia67@dju.kr c The Association of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine. All rights reserved. This is an open-access article distributed under the tenus of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2 32 The Study on Correlations of Risser Sign with the Chronological Age, Bone Age, Menarche, and Adult Height Prediction according to TW3 Method Ⅰ. Introduction 최근우리나라는지속적인경제발전과함께식습관및생활환경등의변화로소아청소년의성장발육속도가점차빨라지고있다 1). 이에따라사회적으로신장에대한관심이높아지고큰키를선호하는사회적분위기가조성됨에따라많은부모들이자녀의키성장증진을위해노력하고있으며, 성장클리닉에내원하여성장에대한평가를받고자하는소아청소년이증가하고있다 2-4). 일반적으로성장평가에는유전, 가족력, 출생시체중등의병력과현재의체중, 신장등신체지표, 골연령, 성장속도등이중요한평가요소가되며성장기동안정기적인검진을통한지속적인관찰이필요하다 5). 소아의성장단계에서사춘기는제 2의급성장기로, 성성숙및골격의성장이두드러지게나타나는시기이다. 여아에서 2차성징의첫징후는유방발달 ( 유두발달, breast budding) 이며, 음모와액모가뒤이어나타나고사춘기시작후약 2 2.5년사이에키의급성장이일어난후초경이시작된다. 남아의사춘기는고환의부피증가에서시작되며 6 8 개월후점차성기가커지고음모가발달하기시작한다. 이후사춘기후반부터는점차완만한성장속도를보이다가뼈의골단 (epiphysis) 이융합 (fusion) 되면서성장이멈추게된다 5,6). 1958년 Risser 7) 가장골능골단의골화가완성되면척추의성장이완료된다는사실을처음발표한이후장골능골단의골화과정에서보이는 Risser 증후는골연령과골격성장을예측하는신뢰성있는지표로인식되어왔다. 일반적으로초경이후매 6개월마다 Risser 단계가한단계씩높아지는것으로알려져있다 8). 하지만초경시기와골반장골능골단의골화가일치하지않는경우도적지않으며, 실제 Risser 증후가역연령, Tanner stage, 2차성징발현등기타성장지표들과비교하여얼마나정확하게골연령및키성장을예측할수있는지에대해서는아직까지논란이있다 9-12). 국내에서는 2000년이등 9) 과 2003년서등 10) 이한국소아청소년의 Risser 단계에따른연령및초경시기와의상관관계를조사하였다. 이후 Risser 증후를주제로한연구는발표되지않았으나, 2014년임등 1) 이진맥시의맥박변화와골연령, 역연령등성장지표와의상관성을분석하는연구에서 Risser 증후와골연령, 역연령과의상관관계를밝힌바있다. 이에저자는 Risser 증후와역연령, 골연령, 초경시기, 그리고 TW3 (Tanner Whitehouse 3) 법으로추정된예측신장 (Adult Height Prediction, AHP) 까지남은키를비교분석하여추후골반뼈의방사선검사를통한골성숙도평가및최종신장예측에유용하게활용할수있는근거자료로서소아청소년의성장평가및치료에도움이되고자하였다. Ⅱ. Materials and Methods 1. 연구대상 2015년 1월부터 2017년 2월까지대전대학교부속둔산한방병원소아청소년과성장클리닉에내원하여손과골반의 X-ray 검사가포함된성장검진을받은소아청소년 233명중골반 X-ray 상 1-4단계의 Risser 증후 (Fig. 1) 가나타난소아 50명을대상으로하였다. 2. 연구방법 1) 진료기록수집 1 대상자정보및신체지표환아의신장및체중은내원당시신장체중자동측정기 (FANICS, BF-50) 를이용하여측정하였으며, 환아의초경시기및부모의키는환아와보호자에게직접설문하여조사하였다. 2 Risser 증후및골연령, 성인예측신장 (AHP) 분석모든대상자는본원영상의학과의진단용엑스선장비 (LISTEM, REX-650R) 를이용하여양측손과골반의 X-ray 사진을촬영하였다. TW3법으로추정된예측신장 (AHP-TW3) 은환아의 Hand AP X-ray 필름영상을바탕으로요골, 척골, 중수골 ( 제 1, 3, 5지 ), 기절골 ( 제 1, 3, 5지 ), 중절골 ( 제 3, 5지 ), 말절골 ( 제 1, 3, 5지 ) 총 13개의골연령및성숙도와, 단계마다매겨진등급으로산출된 RUS (Radius, Ulna and Short bone) score 및환아의성별및역연령, 여아의경우초경여부를고려하여이미설계된회귀식 13) 에따라자동계산되는 EXA-3000 프로그램에의해분석되었다. TW3법에따른골연령및 Risser 단계는숙련된한방소아청소년과수련의 1인에의해측정되었다. Risser

3 Risser 증후와역연령, 골연령, 초경시기및성인예측신장 (AHP-TW3) 과의관계 33 (A) Risser stage 1. (B) Risser stage 2. (C) Risser stage 3. (D) Risser stage 4. Fig. 1. Radiographs in pelvic anterior-posterior view showing Risser sign 증후는장골능골단의골화정도에따라 5단계로분류하였으며연령분포의범위가넓은 0단계및 5단계는분석대상에서제외하였다. 3 통계분석본연구의통계분석은 sas 9.4 프로그램을이용하였으며각 Risser 단계에서역연령, 골연령및남은키의평균값차이는 ANOVA test 를이용하여유의성을검증하였다. Risser 단계와골연령, 역연령, 초경후경과기간그리고예측신장까지남은키와의상관성은 Spearman test를이용하여분석하였다. 모든분석의유의수준은 P<0.05를기준으로하였다. 3. 연구지원본논문은 2017학년도대전대학교교내학술연구비지원에의해연구되었으며, 대전대학교둔산한방병원기관생명윤리위원회의심의를통과하였다 ( 심의번호 DJDSKH-17-E-03). Ⅲ. Results 1. 대상자분석 ( 연령및성별분포 ) 2015년 1월부터 2017년 2월까지본원에서성장검진을받은환아는총 233명이었으며, 그중골반 X-ray 사진상 Risser 증후가나타난환아는총 51명으로대부분 Risser 증후가아직나타나지않는사춘기이전에성장클리닉을찾았음을알수있었다. 본연구에서는 Risser 증후가나타난 51명중 Risser 5단계에속한 1명 (17세 8개월 ) 을제외한 50명을대상으로조사하였다. 50명중남아는 28명으로, 연령은 10 세 6개월부터 17세 5개월까지분포하였으며여아는총 22명으로, 연령은 8세 5개월부터 17세 5개월까지분포하였다 (Table 1). Table 1. Distribution of Age and Sex (Number of Patients) Age (yrs) Sex Boy (%) Girl (%) Total (%) 8-1 (4.5) 1 (2) (3.6) 1 (4.5) 2 (4) 11 1 (3.6) 3 (13.6) 4 (8) 12 3 (10.7) 4 (18.1) 7 (14) 13 4 (14.3) 6 (27.3) 10 (20) 14 9 (32.1) 4 (18.1) 13 (26) 15 6 (21.4) 1 (4.5) 7 (14) 16 3 (10.7) 1 (4.5) 4 (8) 17 1 (3.6) 1 (4.5) 2 (4) Total 28 (100) 22 (100) 50 (100) 2. Risser 증후와기타성장지표와의관계 남아 28명은 Risser 1단계부터 4단계까지각각 1명, 5명, 13명, 9명이속하였으며, 여아 22명은단계별로각각 4명, 5명, 6명, 7명의분포를보였다.

4 34 The Study on Correlations of Risser Sign with the Chronological Age, Bone Age, Menarche, and Adult Height Prediction according to TW3 Method 1) Risser 증후와역연령과의관계 Risser 단계별평균역연령은남아의경우각각 11.2 세, 12.6 세, 14.4 세, 15.5 세였으며, 여아는 10.8 세, 12.2 세, 13.8 세, 14.8 세로측정되었다 (Table 2). Table 2. Relation between Risser Stage and Chronological Age (yrs) Risser Boy Girl sign Number Mean SD * Number Mean SD * * : Standard deviation Risser 단계간역연령의평균차이를 ANOVA test (p<0.05) 를통해검증한결과남학생과여학생모두각군간유의한차이를보였으며, Risser 단계와역연령의상관관계를살펴본결과 Spearman's rho=0.707 ( 남 ), ( 여 ) 로남녀에서모두높은상관도를보였다 (p<0.01) (Table 6). 의 6개월간격으로분류하여조사하였다. 22명의여아중초경전의환아는 3명으로, 역연령은 8세 5개월, 11세, 13세 1개월이었으며 2명은 Risser 1단계, 1명은 2단계에속했다. 이미초경이시작된환아는 19명으로, 10세 11개월부터 17세 5개월까지의연령분포를보였다. 초경경과 0 6 개월까지는모두 1, 2단계에분포하였고, 7 12개월은평균 2단계, 13 24개월은 3, 4단계, 2년이상은모두 4단계에분포하였다 (Table 4). Table 4. Relation between Risser Stage and Duration after Menarche (Number of Patients) Duration after Menarche Risser sign (months) Total no Mens > Total ) Risser 증후와골연령과의관계 Risser 단계별평균골연령은남아의경우각각 12.3 세, 13.6세, 15.7세, 16.5세였으며, 여아는 11.7세, 13.8 세, 14.3세, 14.9세로측정되었다 (Table 3). Table 3. Relation between Risser Stage and Bone Age (yrs) Boy Girl Risser Bone age Bone age sign Number Number Mean SD * Mean SD * * : Standard deviation Risser 단계간골연령의평균차이를 ANOVA test (p<0.05) 를통해검증한결과남학생과여학생모두각군간유의한차이를보였으며, Risser 단계와골연령의상관관계를살펴본결과 Spearman's rho=0.869 ( 남 ), ( 여 ) 로남녀에서모두높은상관도를보였다 (p<0.01) (Table 6). 3) Risser 증후와초경시기와의관계 초경의경과기간은초경시작전및 0 6 개월, 7 12개월, 13 18개월, 19 24개월, 그리고 25개월이상 Risser 단계와초경경과기간의상관관계를살펴본결과, Spearman's rho=0.909 로높은상관도를보였다 (p<0.01) (Table 6). 4) Risser 증후와성인예측신장 (AHP) 과의관계 장골능골단의골화완성단계인 5단계에이르면성장이거의완료된다. 이에 Risser 단계에따라앞으로얼마나더성장할수있는지예측해보고자대상환아들의성인예측신장 (AHP) 과현재키와의차이를계산한남은키와 Risser 단계와의상관성을분석하였다. 조사결과, Risser 단계별평균남은키는남아의경우 1단계부터각각 27.8 cm, 17.3 cm, 4.4 cm, 1.0 cm였으며여아는 1단계부터 14.5 cm, 5.1 cm, 3.1 cm, 1.1 cm로측정되었다 (Table 5). Table 5. Relation between Risser Stage and Remaining Growth Height * (cm) Risser Boy Girl sign Number Mean SD Number Mean SD * : Remaining growth height = AHP (TW3) - Present height : Standard deviation

5 Risser 증후와역연령, 골연령, 초경시기및성인예측신장 (AHP-TW3) 과의관계 35 Table 6. Correlation Coefficient between Risser Stage and the Other Parameters (Spearmanʼs rho) Risser stage Chr. age * Bone age Menarche R. height Boy Girl Boy Girl Boy Girl Boy Girl Boy Girl Risser stage Chr. age Bone age Menarche R. height Correlation coefficients are Spearman correlation coefficient. All correlations are significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). * : Chronological age, : Remaining growth height Risser 단계간남은키의평균차이를 ANOVA test (p<0.05) 를통해검증한결과남학생과여학생모두각군간유의한차이를보였으며, Risser 단계와남은키의상관관계를살펴본결과 Spearman's rho= ( 남 ), ( 여 ) 로남녀에서모두높은상관도를보였다 (p<0.01) (Table 6). Ⅳ. Discussion 많은부모들이키가클수록사회적영향력이크다고여기며우리나라성인의표준키보다평균 5 6 cm 이상큰키를이상적으로생각하는경향이있다 4). 이러한사회적분위기에서키에대한관심과걱정이높아짐에따라성장클리닉에내원하는소아청소년및부모가점차증가하고있다 2). 성장에대한적절한치료시기를결정하고, 예후를판단하기위해서는정확한성장발달평가가이루어져야하며, 이를위해신체계측, 골격및성적성숙도등에대한평가가필요하다 14). 일반적으로신체발달척도로많이이용되고있는골연령은골의석회화정도를나타내며, 성장하는동안모든뼈는방사선이나초음파검사로일련의변화를관찰할수있다. 성장에따른골의석회화변화는개인차가있기는하나모든사람에서거의일정하고재현성이높아소아의성장상태및성장잠재력을평가하며최종성인신장을예측하는데중요한수단이된다 15,16). 골연령의측정방법으로는골밀도및성장판길이등을이용한방법등여러가지가있는데, 대표적으로많이이용되는방법은 X-ray 검사를통해손부위의화골핵및골단융합정도를관찰하는 Greulich-Pyle (GP) 법과 Tanner-Whitehouse3 (TW3) 법이다 1). GP법은왼쪽손목사진을이용해연령별로표본사진이나열되 어있는 GP 도감과대조하여골연령을측정하는방식으로, 빠르고간편하지만정확하지못한단점이있다. TW법은손목과손의뼈들을 TW 도감에있는각부위별성숙도에따라등급을매기고이에따른점수를합산하여골연령을측정하는방식으로, 숙련도를필요로하며 GP에비해오랜시간이걸린다. TW법의표준치는 1990년 9대유럽과북미소아들을대상으로개발되었으며 2000년도에최근자료를받아들여 TW2에서 TW3로개정되었다 17). Risser 증후는 X-ray 상에서관찰되는골반장골능의골화를통해사춘기의골성숙도를추정할수있는방법이다. 1958년 Risser의연구 7) 에서장골능골화의진행이척추의잔여성장을나타내는중요한척도로서보고된이후여러연구 18-20) 에서골연령및역연령을결정하고척추만곡의진행을예측하는데유용한지표로써언급되었다. Scoles 등 18) 은 Risser 증후를 2차성징등기타신체지표와함께사용한다면손과손목뼈의방사선검사없이도유용한골성장의평가지표로이용할수있다고하였으며, 현재임상에서는청소년기특발성척추측만증환자의치료시기, 방법및예후를결정하는데많이사용하고있다 9,10). Scoles 등 18), Biondi 등 19) 은 Risser 단계에따른연령분포를제시하였는데이러한서양의연구자료를바탕으로같은기준이동양인에게도적용되어왔다. 국내에서는 2000년이등 9) 이척추측만증이의심되어내원한환자를대상으로 Risser 단계별연령분포및역연령, 초경경과기간과의상관도를조사하였으며 2003년서등 10) 이국내초, 중, 고등학생을대상으로 Risser 증후와평균역연령, 초경시기와의관계에대해조사하였다. 이후 2014년임등 1) 이소아청소년 44명을대상으로한진맥시맥박변화와골연령, 역연령, 키, 체중등신체지표와의상관성연구에서 Risser 증후가골연령, 역연령과의상관

6 36 The Study on Correlations of Risser Sign with the Chronological Age, Bone Age, Menarche, and Adult Height Prediction according to TW3 Method 도가높음이입증되었다. 이들외국내소아청소년을대상으로한연구는찾지못했으며, 최근 10년이내의관련연구로 2014년임등 1) 의연구가있었으나이는 Risser 증후를주제로한연구가아니었기때문에표본이적어 Risser 증후의유용성을높이기위한자료로는다소부족하였다. 이에본연구에서는한방병원의성장클리닉을찾은소아청소년 50명을대상으로하여 Risser 증후와역연령, 골연령, 초경시기등기타성장지표와의상관성을조사하고, 예측신장 (AHP-TW3) 을통해계산한남은키와의비교를통해 Risser 증후가키성장예측에얼마나유용한지표가될수있는지알아보고자하였다. 대상자의연령별분포를분석한결과남아는 14 15세, 여아는 12 14세에 50% 이상이분포하고있음을알수있었다 (Table 1). 이는일반적으로신장의급성장이일어나는사춘기초기, 남자평균 14세, 여자평균 12세 6) 와유사한분포로, 보통성장클리닉에내원하는부모와자녀들은 2차성징이나타나기시작하고또래아이들의키성장이급격히일어나는시기에성장에대한관심과고민이높아지면서병원을찾는것으로생각된다. 본연구에서 Risser 단계별평균역연령은남아는각각 11.2세, 12.6세, 14.4세, 15.5세, 여아는 10.8세, 12.2세, 13.8세, 14.8세로나타났다 (Table 2). Risser 1, 2단계에비해 Risser 3, 4단계로갈수록남녀간역연령차이가증가하였는데, 이는여아에비해남아의사춘기혹은성장기가늦게까지진행됨을의미한다고여겨진다. 이등 9) 의연구에서는 Risser 1단계의평균역연령이남녀각각 12세 11개월, 12세 6개월, Risser 4단계는 15 세 7개월, 15세 2개월이었으며, 서등 10) 의연구에서는 Risser 단계별로남자는 14.0세, 14.3세, 14.5세, 15.6세, 여자는 12.9세, 13.3세, 13.6세, 14.3세로나타났다. 임등 1) 의연구에서는 14명의대상환아가모두 Risser 3, 4단계에분포하였는데각각의평균역연령이남자는 13.3세, 14.9세, 여자는 12.5세, 14.6세였다. 이와비교할때본연구결과는이등 8) 에비해모든단계에서역연령이앞서있었으며, 서등 10) 에비해서도대체로앞서있는편이었으나여아의 Risser 3, 4단계에서는약간늦은경향을보였다. 반면임등 1) 보다는평균역연령이높게나타났다. 시대별연구에서사춘기시작초기인 Risser 1단계의평균역연령을비교해보면, 1988 년에발표된 Scoles 등 17) 의연구와 2000년대초에발표 된이등 9) 과서등 10) 의연구결과는남녀모두약 12개월이상의차이를보이며, 이등 9) 과서등 10) 의연구결과에비해본연구결과또한 12개월이상낮게측정되었다. 이는인종, 조사대상수등의차이와더불어 10 년이상의연대, 사회적차이로인한신체발달변화에서비롯된결과라고사료된다. Risser 단계별평균골연령은남아의경우각각 12.3 세, 13.6세, 15.7세, 16.5세, 여아는 11.7세, 13.8세, 14.3 세, 14.9세로측정되었다 (Table 3). 역연령과마찬가지로 Risser 2단계이후부터남녀간차이가점차증가하였으며남아의골성숙이여아에비해길게진행되며성숙이완료되는시기가여아보다늦다는것을유추할수있었다. 이등 9) 의연구에서는 Risser 단계별평균골연령이남아는 13세 1개월, 14세 9개월, 15세 5개월, 16세 6개월, 여아는 12세 9개월, 14세 4개월, 14세 7개월, 15세 9개월로나타났으며임등 1) 의연구에서는 Risser 3, 4단계에서남아는 14.7세, 15.3세, 여아는 13.6세, 15.0세의분포를보였다. 본연구결과는이등 9) 이측정한골연령에비해대체로빠른연령분포를보였으나임등 1) 에비해서는여아의 Risser 4단계를제외하고대체로늦은연령을보였다. Risser 1단계가나타나는평균연령은이등 9) 의연구결과가 Scoles 등 18) 에서보고된것보다약 6 12개월낮게나타났으며본연구에서는이등 9) 에비해반년정도낮아진수치를보였다. 여아에서초경경과 0 6 개월까지는모두 1, 2단계에분포하였고, 7 12개월은평균 2단계, 13 24개월은 3, 4단계, 2년이상은모두 4단계에분포하였다 (Table 4). 이와더불어 Risser 단계별평균초경후경과기간을분석한결과, 1단계부터 3단계까지는각각약 3개월, 5.4개월, 15개월로나타났으며, 4단계에속한군은초경경과 13개월과 22개월인 2명외에모두 3년이상의경과를보였다. 본연구에서 Risser 단계와초경경과기간은 Spearman's rho=0.909로강한상관성을가졌다. 이등 9) 과서등 10) 도두지표간에중등도이상의상관관계가나타난다고보고하였으며, 서등 10) 의연구에서는초경시작 24개월이후의군부터 Risser 단계가유의하게증가하였다. 반면본연구의남아 28명의 2차성징여부를조사한결과, Risser 1단계의 1명과 2단계의 1명이아직 2차성징이나타나지않은상태였고, 나머지는모두고환발달이진행된상태였다. 2016년천 21) 은 년 제5기국민건강영양조사 통계자료를분석한결과 년생여성의

7 Risser 증후와역연령, 골연령, 초경시기및성인예측신장 (AHP-TW3) 과의관계 37 초경연령은 16.3세, 년생은 12.7세로 45년사이에약 3.6년낮아졌다고보고하였고, 같은해한등 22) 의연구에서따르면 1988년생의초경연령은 ± 1.32세, 2002년생은 ± 0.75세로나타났으며, 조기초경비율은 1988년생의 19.7% 에서 2002년생의 25.2% 로유의하게증가하였다. 이는사회경제가발전하고영양상태가좋아지면서신체발육이빨라진것이중요한이유가될수있으며, 우리나라여학생의초경연령이지속적으로낮아지면서 Risser 증후가나타나는역연령과골연령도함께빨라질수있음을뒷받침한다. 이처럼소아의초경기와골성숙은인종, 사회경제발달정도와문화, 유전과영양등에따라영향을받고시대에따라변화하기때문에각인구집단과세대에따른확립이필요하다 17). 본연구에서는 TW3법을이용해 AHP를추정한후환아의현재키에서남은키를계산하여 Risser 단계별로평균치를분석하였다 (Table 5). 골격성숙도를나타내는 RUS score는키와유의한상관관계를보이며 TW3법또한키와높은상관관계를갖고있기에, RUS score를바탕으로예측된 AHP (TW3) 는키와유의한상관도를보임을유추할수있다 2). 분석결과 Risser 2 단계이하에서는남아가여아에비해남은키가 2배가까이많았다. 이는남아 Risser 1단계군의경우아직 2차성징이나타나지않아사춘기가시작되었다고보기어렵지만, 고환발달등의 2차성징이나타난후에도남아가여아에비해남은성장기간이길며성장속도가빠르다는점을시사하는결과라생각된다. 반면 Risser 3단계이후에는남녀간차이가적어지는데사춘기후기인 4단계에서는오히려남아의남은키가여아보다 0.1 cm 가량적게나타났다. 이상의연구결과 Risser 증후는앞서많은연구들에서처럼골연령, 역연령, 초경경과기간, 남은키등과모두높은상관관계를보였으며 (Table 6), 이를통해사춘기시기의골성숙도평가및성장발달예측에의미있는척도로활용될수있을것으로사료된다. 몇몇연구 11,12) 에서는 Risser 증후가골연령을예측하는데부족한지표임을언급하며다소부정적인견해를보이기도했으나, 역연령, Tanner 등급, 초경등어떠한지표도그하나만으로는완벽하게골성숙도를평가할수없다. Risser 증후또한다른지표들과종합적으로고려하여판정할때보다정확하고신뢰도높은결과를가져올수있을것이다. 본연구는측정자가 1명이었기에숙련도에따라결과값이달라질수있는한계 가있었으며, 조사대상수가다소적은아쉬움이있었다. 향후에이러한점을보완하고, 성인기의최종신장을추적조사하여현재예측된수치와비교하는연구를추가진행한다면 Risser 증후의성장예측에보다높은신뢰도를더할수있을것으로생각된다. Ⅴ. Conclusion 2015년 1월부터 2017년 2월까지한방소아청소년과에서성장검진을받은 50명을대상으로, Risser 증후와역연령, 골연령, 초경시기, 예측신장 (AHP-TW3) 을통해산출한남은키와의비교를통해지표들간상관성을분석한결과다음과같은결론을얻었다. 1. Risser 단계별평균역연령을분석한결과, 남아는각각 11.2세, 12.6세, 14.4세, 15.5세, 여아는 10.8 세, 12.2세, 13.8세, 14.8세로측정되었다. 남녀모두각군간유의한차이를보였으며, Risser 단계와역연령은남녀에서모두높은상관도를보였다. 2. Risser 단계별평균골연령을분석한결과, 남아는각각 12.3세, 13.6세, 15.7세, 16.5세, 여아는 11.7 세, 13.8세, 14.3세, 14.9세로측정되었다. 남녀모두각군간유의한차이를보였으며, Risser 단계와골연령은남녀에서모두높은상관도를보였다. 3. 여아 22명의초경경과기간에따른 Risser 단계를조사분석한결과, 초경경과 0 6 개월까지는모두 1, 2단계에분포하였고, 7 12개월은평균 2단계, 13 24개월은 3, 4단계, 2년이상은모두 4단계에분포하였다. Risser 단계와초경경과기간은높은상관도를보였다. 4. Risser 단계별평균남은키를분석한결과, 남아는각각 27.8 cm, 17.3 cm, 4.4 cm, 1.0 cm, 여아는 14.5 cm, 5.1 cm, 3.1 cm, 1.1 cm로측정되었다. 남녀모두각군간유의한차이를보였으며, Risser 단계와남은키는남녀에서모두높은상관도를보였다. 이상의결과에서 Risser 증후는골연령, 역연령, 초경경과기간, 남은키등과높은상관관계를보이며

8 38 The Study on Correlations of Risser Sign with the Chronological Age, Bone Age, Menarche, and Adult Height Prediction according to TW3 Method 추후골성숙도평가및성장발달예측에기타성장지표와종합하여의미있는척도로활용될수있을것으로사료된다. References 1. Lim YK, Min SR, Hur KW, Kim HM, Chun SY, Suh KS, Kim Y, Lee H, Park HJ, Baik YS, Kim HC. Relationship between bone age, chronological age, anthropometric parameters, and diagnosed pulse rate on secondary sexual character development of child-adolescence. J Korean Med. 2014;35(1): Kang KY, Han JK, Kim YH. The study on correlation between parent's height and adult height prediction according to TW3 method. J Korean Orient Pediatr. 2012;26(3): Kim SJ, Kim KN. Perception of child growth and dietary management behavior to support growth among mothers with children in the upper grades in elementary school. J Hum Ecol. 2013;17(1): Oh JN. Perception concerning height and child heightpromoting behavior among mothers of 4th grade elementary school students in a general hospital. J Korean Soc Matern Child Health. 2011;15(1): Lee KH. Growth assessment and diagnosis of growth disorders in childhood. Pediatr. 2003;42(12): Kim KB, Kim DG, Kim YH, Kim JH, Min SY, Park EJ, Baek JH, Yu SA, Lee SY, Lee JY, Lee HJ, Chang GT, Chai JW, Han YJ, Han JK. Pediatrics of Korean medicine. Seoul: Eui Seong Dang Publishing Co. 2015: Risser JC. The iliac apophysis; an invaluable sign in the management of scoliosis. Clin Orthop. 1958;11: Suk SI. Spinal surgery. In: introduction of spinal deformity and idiopathic scoliosis. Seoul: Choi Sin Medical Books. 1997: Lee CS, Chung SS, Son HS, Park BJ, Choi MD. Reevaluation of Risser sign in estimating skeletal maturity. J Korean Orthop Assoc. 2000;35(1): Suh SW, Hur CY, Lee SH, Wang JH, Moon JK, Bae JH. Relationship of Risser sign with chronological age, menarche in elementary, middle, and high school students in Korea. J Korean Orthop Assoc. 2003;38(6): Little DG, Sussman MD. The Risser sign: a critical analysis. J Pediatr Orthop. 1994;14(5): Shuren N, Kasser JR, Emans JB, Rand F. Reevaluation of the use of the Risser sign in idiopathic scoliosis. Spine. 1992;17(3): Tanner JM, Healy MJR, Goldstein H, Cameron N. Assessment of skeletal maturity and prediction of adult height (TW3 method), 3/e. London: WB Saunders Ltd. 2001: Yun HJ, Seo JM, Kang MS, Baek JH. A clinical study on growth and development of children based on their bone age measured by hand's X-ray image and calcaneus's ultrasonic image. J Korean Orient Pediatr. 2008;22(2): Lee YJ, Yun HJ, Kwak MA, Baek JH. A study on relationships between bone age and body composition. J Korean Orient Pediatr. 2009;23(2): Kim HJ, Lee HJ, Park EJ. A clinical study on the effect of oriental medical treatment to the growth of children using bone age as measurer. J Korean Orient Pediatr. 2006;20(3): Lee JS. The application of TW3 method for prediction about bone age in hand AP image of children. J Korean Soc Radiol. 2015;9(6): Scoles PV, Salvagno R, Villalba K, Riew D. Relationship of iliac crest maturation to skeletal and chronologic age. J Pediatr Orthop. 1988;8(6): Biondi J, Weiner DS, Bethem D, Reed JF. Correlation of Risser sign and bone age determination in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop. 1985;5(6): Dhar S, Dangerfield PH, Dorgan JC, Klenerman L. Correlation between bone age and Risser sign in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine. 1993;18(1): Chun HR. Korean women s reproductive health indicators. Health and welfare policy forum. 2016; 5(235): Han DL, Lee JE, Kim SH. Secular trends and influencing factors for the early menarche among Korean middle and high school girls. J Kor Contents Assoc. 2016;16(3):

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   3 * Effects of 9th Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

歯14.양돈규.hwp

歯14.양돈규.hwp : The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy 2003. Vol. 15, No. 3, 615-631. 1 2 3 1,410.,, ( ),., ( 69%),.,, ( ), ( ).,,.., ( ).,. :,,. :, (390-711) 21-1, : 043-649-1362 E-mail : ydk9498@hanmail.net

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

Apparel Purchase Behaviors and Image Preferences of Preteen Girls and Their Mothers: Considering Preteen Girls BMI and Body Image Department of Home Economics Education, Pai Chai University Assistant Professor

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: : A basic research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   : A basic research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.379-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.379 : A basic research for the after-school forest activities program models:

More information

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   : Researc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education

More information

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770>

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770> Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 2 : 258~264 Feb. 2015 ID3 알고리즘 기반의 귀납적 추론을 활용한 모바일 OS의 성공과 실패에 대한

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Study on the Pe

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   * A Study on the Pe Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.405-425 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.405 * A Study on the Perceptions and Factors of Immigrant Background Youth

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:3~20 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/27, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] This study aims to comprehensively analyze

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   3 * The Effect of H Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales

More information

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있 대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준

More information

09È«¼®¿µ 5~152s

09È«¼®¿µ5~152s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 5 : 1031~1039 May. 2015 정보보호 산업의 경제적 파급효과 및 기여도 분석 김방룡 1 홍재표 2* Economic

More information

590호(01-11)

590호(01-11) T H E K O R E A N D O C T O R S W E E K L Y www.docdocdoc.co.kr I N S I D E 38 3 5 6 7 10 13 28 29 30 31 38 41 42 2 Advertisement Government & Medicine 3 Government & Medicine 4 Government & Medicine Government

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Research Trend Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis

More information

<B3EDB9AEC1FD5F3235C1FD2E687770>

<B3EDB9AEC1FD5F3235C1FD2E687770> 오용록의 작품세계 윤 혜 진 1) * 이 논문은 생전( 生 前 )에 학자로 주로 활동하였던 오용록(1955~2012)이 작곡한 작품들을 살펴보고 그의 작품세계를 파악하고자 하는 것이다. 한국음악이론이 원 래 작곡과 이론을 포함하였던 초기 작곡이론전공의 형태를 염두에 둔다면 그의 연 구에서 기존연구의 방법론을 넘어서 창의적인 분석 개념과 체계를 적용하려는

More information

< FB5B5BAF1B6F32C20B8F1C2F D34292E687770>

< FB5B5BAF1B6F32C20B8F1C2F D34292E687770> Case Report J Sasang Constitut Med 2014;26(4):379-388 http://dx.doi.org/10.7730/jscm.2014.26.4.379 Abstract A Case Study of Soyangin Patient with Hyperhidrosis Treated Successfully with Hyungbangsabaek-san(

More information

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285 13 2 ( 25 ) 2004 12 Korean J Med Hist 13 284 296 Dec 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * ** ** 1 1920 1930 40 ( 1896-1973) 80 * ** 1) 2003 284 2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Study on Teache

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Study on Teache Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.149-171 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.149 * A Study on Teachers and Parents Perceptions on the Introduction of Innovational

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * Suggestions of Ways

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   * Suggestions of Ways Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.65-89 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.65 * Suggestions of Ways to Improve Teaching Practicum Based on the Experiences

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae

More information

44-4대지.07이영희532~

44-4대지.07이영희532~ A Spatial Location Analysis of the First Shops of Foodservice Franchise in Seoul Metropolitan City Younghee Lee* 1 1 (R) 0 16 1 15 64 1 Abstract The foodservice franchise is preferred by the founders who

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 293~316 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2015. 12. 04 2015. 12. 24 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT

More information

KIM Sook Young : Lee Jungsook, a Korean Independence Activist and a Nurse during the 이며 나름 의식이 깨어있던 지식인들이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 교육을 받은 간 호부들은 환자를 돌보는 그들의 직업적 소

KIM Sook Young : Lee Jungsook, a Korean Independence Activist and a Nurse during the 이며 나름 의식이 깨어있던 지식인들이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 교육을 받은 간 호부들은 환자를 돌보는 그들의 직업적 소 1 의사학 제24권 제1호(통권 제49호) 2015년 4월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː1-34 Apr 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.1 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 간호부 이정숙의 독립운동 김숙영* 1. 서론 2. 본론 1) 출생에서 정신여학교 수학시절까지

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Mediating Eff

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI:   * The Mediating Eff Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.159-177 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.159 * The Mediating Effects of Self-esteem on the Relationship between Social

More information

A Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   (NCS) Method of Con Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency

More information

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770>

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770> 주요개념 : 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자, 성지식, 성태도 남자중학생의 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자와 비접촉자간의 성지식과 태도의 차이 김 영 혜* 이 화 자** 정 향 미*** 1. 연구의 필요성 한국은 I. 서 론 1960 년대 이후부터 시작된 돌진적 산업화 ( 한 상진, 1996) 로 인하여 경제적 부흥을 이루어 집집마다 TV 수상기를 가질 수 있게 되었고 최근에는 PC보급율

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:21~34 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/19, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] With the development of the Internet,

More information

04_이근원_21~27.hwp

04_이근원_21~27.hwp 1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일

More information

歯kjmh2004v13n1.PDF

歯kjmh2004v13n1.PDF 13 1 ( 24 ) 2004 6 Korean J Med Hist 13 1 19 Jun 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * * 1 ( ) 2) 3) 4) * 1) ( ) 3 2) 7 1 3) 2 1 13 1 ( 24 ) 2004 6 5) ( ) ( ) 2 1 ( ) 2 3 2 4) ( ) 6 7 5) - 2003 23 144-166 2 2 1) 6)

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: Awareness, Supports

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI:   Awareness, Supports Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.335-363 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.335 Awareness, Supports in Need, and Actual Situation on the Curriculum Reconstruction

More information

대한한의학원전학회지24권6호-전체최종.hwp

대한한의학원전학회지24권6호-전체최종.hwp 小兒藥證直訣 의 五臟辨證에 대한 小考 - 病證과 處方을 중심으로 1 2 慶熙大學校大學校 韓醫學科大學 原典學敎室 ㆍ 韓醫學古典硏究所 白裕相1,2*1)2) A study on The Diagnosis and Treatment Using The Theory of Five Organs in Soayakjeungjikgyeol(小兒藥證直訣) 1 Dept. of Oriental

More information

230 한국교육학연구 제20권 제3호 I. 서 론 청소년의 언어가 거칠어지고 있다. 개ㅅㄲ, ㅆㅂ놈(년), 미친ㅆㄲ, 닥쳐, 엠창, 뒤져 등과 같은 말은 주위에서 쉽게 들을 수 있다. 말과 글이 점차 된소리나 거센소리로 바뀌고, 외 국어 남용과 사이버 문화의 익명성 등

230 한국교육학연구 제20권 제3호 I. 서 론 청소년의 언어가 거칠어지고 있다. 개ㅅㄲ, ㅆㅂ놈(년), 미친ㅆㄲ, 닥쳐, 엠창, 뒤져 등과 같은 말은 주위에서 쉽게 들을 수 있다. 말과 글이 점차 된소리나 거센소리로 바뀌고, 외 국어 남용과 사이버 문화의 익명성 등 청소년의 개인, 가정, 학교변인에 따른 비교육적 언어 사용의 차이 229 한국교육학연구 제20권 제3호 The Korea Educational Review 2014. 10. Vol.20. No.3. pp.229-251. 1) 청소년의 개인, 가정, 학교변인에 따른 비교육적 언어 사용의 차이* 강기수 조규판(동아대학교) [요 약] 본 연구의 목적은 청소년의 개인변인인

More information

A Study on the Relationships between Self-Differentiation and Adaptability Factors for Senior Dementia Patients Care Givers Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Welfare Graduate University Full-time Lecturer

More information

Jkbcs016(92-97).hwp

Jkbcs016(92-97).hwp Expression of bcl-2 and Apoptosis and Its Relationship to Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer - A Study with Long Term Follow-up correlated with the survival rate.(journal of Korean

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Effect of Paren

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   * The Effect of Paren Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.95-116 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.95 * The Effect of Parent Education Program Using Action Learning on Family

More information

Analysis of teacher s perception and organization on physical education elective courses Chang-Wan Yu* Korea Institute of curriculum and evaluation [Purpose] [Methods] [Results] [Conclusions] Key words:

More information

-06-......

-06-...... A Study of the Beautiful Girls Fashion Styles in the Japan Animations Department of Clothing & Textiles, Kyungpook National University Lecturer : Yoo Jin Choi The purpose of this study was to

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

untitled

untitled Original Article Experiences of Unwed Mothers Choi, Yang-Ja 1) Kim, Kwuy-Bun 2) 1) Professor, Redcross College of Nursing, 2) Professor, Kyung Hee University, College of Nursing Science 1) 2) 1) 2) Purpose:

More information

<313120B9DABFB5B1B82E687770>

<313120B9DABFB5B1B82E687770> 한국민족문화 40, 2011. 7, 347~388쪽 1)중화학공업화선언과 1973년 공업교육제도 변화* 2)박 영 구** 1. 머리말 2. 1973년, 중화학공업화선언과 과학기술인력의 부족 3. 1973년 전반기의 교육제도 개편과 정비 1) 계획과 개편 2) 기술교육 개선안과 인력개발 시책 4. 1973년 후반기의 개편과 정비 5. 정비된 정규교육제도의 특징

More information

( )Kjhps043.hwp

( )Kjhps043.hwp Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

Àå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö

Àå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö Disability & Employment 55 Disability & Employment 56 57 Disability & Employment 58 59 Disability & Employment 60 61 Disability & Employment 62 63 Disability & Employment 64 65 Disability & Employment

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) ISSN 228

(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016)   ISSN 228 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) (Regular Paper) 1 1, 016 1 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.016.1.1.60 ISSN 87-9137 (Online) ISSN 16-7953 (Print) a), a) An Efficient Method

More information

( )Jksc057.hwp

( )Jksc057.hwp 직장암환자의전직장간막절제술의 예측인자분석 : 불완전절제와절제시간에영향을미치는인자에관한연구 Analysis of Factors Affecting the Degree of Difficulty in Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer: Investigation of the Factors Affecting Incomplete

More information

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( :

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( : 27 2, 1-16, 2009. * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: jjhkim@cau.ac.kr) 2 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009 Ⅰ.,. 2008 3,536, 10 99.9% (, 2008). PC,, (, 2007). (, 2008),.,

More information

서론

서론 - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - -

More information

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š Cho, Mun Jin (E-mail: mjcho@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The performance of tack coat, commonly used for layer interface bonding, is affected by application rate and curing time. In this study, bonding

More information

16_이주용_155~163.hwp

16_이주용_155~163.hwp 사상체질의학회지 2008;20(2):155-163 J of Sasang Constitutional Medicine Vol. 20, No. 2, 2008:155-163 http://www.esasang.com 腦 梗 塞 으로 발생한 少 陽 人 半 身 舞 蹈 病 患 者 치험 1례 이주용 이한얼 한경수 안택원 Abstract 대전대학교 한의과대학 사상체질과 A Soyangin

More information

ePapyrus PDF Document

ePapyrus PDF Document 육아지원연구 2008. 제 3권 1 호, 147-170 어린이집에서의 낮잠에 대한 교사와 부모의 인식 및 실제 이 슬 기(동작구 보육정보센터)* 1) 요 약 본 연구의 목적은 어린이집에서의 일과 중 낮잠 시간에 대한 교사와 부모의 인식 및 실제를 알아봄 으로써, 교사와 부모의 협력을 통해 바람직한 낮잠 시간을 모색해 보는 데 있었다. 연구 대상은 서울, 경기지역

More information

???춍??숏

???춍??숏 Suseong gu Council Daegu Metropolitan City www.suseongcouncil.daegu.kr Contents SUSEONG GU COUNCIL DAEGU METROPOLITAN CITY 10 www.suseongcouncil.daegu.kr 11 SUSEONG GU COUNCIL DAEGU METROPOLITAN CITY

More information

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö 25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: * Review of Research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Review of Research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.79-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.79 * Review of Research Trends on Curriculum for Students with Severe and multiple

More information

Kbcs002.hwp

Kbcs002.hwp Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

9(3)-4(p ).fm

9(3)-4(p ).fm w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 9«3y, 2007 Vol. 9, No. 3, pp.319-326(2007) w xk x p w q w Analysis of Foot Characteristics According to the Classification of Foot Types of Junior High School Girls Ji-Young

More information

03이경미(237~248)ok

03이경미(237~248)ok The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: (LiD) - - * Way to

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   (LiD) - - * Way to Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.353-376 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.353 (LiD) -- * Way to Integrate Curriculum-Lesson-Evaluation using Learning-in-Depth

More information

14.531~539(08-037).fm

14.531~539(08-037).fm G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked

More information

Jkbcs032.hwp

Jkbcs032.hwp Clinical Correlation of HER-2/neu Overexpression in Patients with Breast Cancer Sung Yong Kim, Tae Yoon Kim, Jae Jun Kim, Chang Ho Kim, Ok Pyung Song, Min Hyuk Lee, Eui Han Kim 1, and Moo Sik Cho Departments

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: An Exploratory Stud

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   An Exploratory Stud Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.423-441 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.423 An Exploratory Study on the Improvement of Democratic Consultative Culture

More information

<31372DB9DABAB4C8A32E687770>

<31372DB9DABAB4C8A32E687770> 김경환 박병호 충북대학교 도시공학과 (2010. 5. 27. 접수 / 2011. 11. 23. 채택) Developing the Traffic Severity by Type Kyung-Hwan Kim Byung Ho Park Department of Urban Engineering, Chungbuk National University (Received May

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * Experiences of Af

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Experiences of Af Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.201-229 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.201 * Experiences of After-school Class Caring by Married Early Childhood

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: * A Study on Good School

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI:   * A Study on Good School Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.1 * A Study on Good School and School Evaluation Purpose: This study was to examine

More information

. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, ( )

. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, ( ) . 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ,. (, 2011),, 1980 5 49.9%, 4 (20.3%). 1985, 5 (39.0%), 4 (25.3%).

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 3~30 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2016. 01. 08 2016. 01. 09 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: * The Grounds and Cons

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI:   * The Grounds and Cons Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.63-81 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.63 * The Grounds and Consequences of the Elementary School Teachers' Trust Formation

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A S

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A S Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.461-487 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.461 * - 2008 2018 - A Study on the Change of Issues with Adolescent Problem

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 3, June, 30, 2016:pp. 93~116 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2016. 06. 12 2016. 06. 20 2016. 06. 26 ABSTRACT e-

More information

2014_........pdf

2014_........pdf 1, 1, 2, 1 (1, 2 ) Jin Suk Suh 1, Jong In Kim 1, Ryeong Jae Park 2, Sang Bum Park 1 (1 Korea Forest Research Institute, 2 Korea Traditional Dye Institute) Introduction (2011-2013), (VOCs)., (7 ),,. Materials

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: * Strenghening the Cap

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI:   * Strenghening the Cap Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.27-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.27 * Strenghening the Capacity of Cultural Arts Required in Special Education

More information