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1 Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 17, No. 6 pp , ISSN / eissn 오염된신발의효율적인살균과탈취를위한신발장의설계 이삼철 1*, 장용석 2 1 한려대학교교양과, 2 전북대학교치과대학치과생체재료학교실 Design of a shoe rack for effective sterilization and deodorization of the shoes contaminated by various bacteria Sam-Cheol Lee 1*, Yong-Seok Jang 2 1 Department of General Education, Hanlyo University 2 Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University 요약본연구는다양한세균에오염된신발을효과적으로살균하고탈취할수있는신발장을설계하기위한최적의조건을확립하고자하는목적으로실시하였다. 신발장의제작과평가는 2014년 10월부터 2015년 9월까지 1년에걸쳐진행하였다. 항균성능의평가는 JIS Z 2801:2010 규격에따라대장균과황색포도상구균균주에대하여실시하였고, 탈취효율은한국공기청정협회실내공기청정기규격인 SPS-KACA :2006 규격에따라실시하였다. 대장균과황색포도상구균균주에대한 UV 조사시간에대한항균성능을시험한결과에서 30초후에 99.9% 이상의세균감소율을보였고, 시험가스에대한평균탈취효율은 42.5% 를보였다. UV램프로 5분의점등과 25분의소등을반복하여작동을할경우에신발내부와신발장내부온도는약 40 와 25 이하로유지되었다. 신발장의작동시간에따른온도변화를측정한결과는 UV램프를점등과소등을반복적으로작동시켜신발내부의온도를적절하게유지할수있었다. 결과적으로실제신발장내부의용적은시험연구원의챔버용적보다매우작은용적을가지고있기때문에시험결과의값을상대적으로보정하게되면실제탈취효율은측정값보다매우클것으로판단이된다. 또한신발의내부에서악취를유발하는원인균인박테리아를반복적으로살균하기때문에신발내의실제탈취의효과는더욱증가될것이다. 추가연구로일정한신발장내부의온도편차를찾아야할것이다. Abstract The aim of this study was to establish the optimal conditions to design a shoe rack that could effectively sterilize and deodorize shoes contaminated by various bacteria. The manufacture and evaluation of a shoe rock was conducted for one year from October 2014 to September The antibacterial efficacies were evaluated using Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by JIS Z 2801:2010. The deodorization efficiency was identified by the standard method for deodorization efficiency evaluation of an indoor air cleaner established by Korea Air Cleaning Association, SPS-KACA :2006. The results showed that antibacterial evaluation showed more than 99.9% of the sterilization effects on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light for 30 seconds. The average deodorization efficiency for the test gases was 42.5%. The temperature in the shoes and in the shoe rack was lower than 40 and 25, respectively, when the UV lamp was turned on for 5 minutes and off for 25 minutes repeatedly. This was controlled by turning the UV lamp on and off to maintain the appropriate temperature in the shoes. In conclusion, the real deodorization efficiency is expected to be higher than the measured value because the internal volume of the shoe rack was smaller than the test chamber used to measure the deodorization efficiency. The deodorization effect could be increased further by the sterilization of bacteria causing bad odors in shoes. Further studies will be needed to determine the temperature deviations within the shoe rack to provide constant conditions. Keywords : active carbon, deodorization, shoe rack, sterilization, UV lamp 본논문은중소기업청에서지원하는 2014년도산학연협력기술개발사업 (No. C ) 연구과제로수행되었음. * Corresponding Author : Sam-Cheol Lee(Hanlyo Univ.) Tel: sclee777@naver.com Received May 2, 2016 Accepted June 2, 2016 Revised (1st May 30, 2016, 2nd May 31, 2016) Published June 30,

2 한국산학기술학회논문지제 17 권제 6 호, 서론최근에는발의건강에대해서관심을갖게되고외출을할때에는대부분발과함께하는신발에대해관심이점점커지고있다 [1]. 신발내부에서는일반적으로세균의번식이쉬운환경적인조건을가지고있고, 신발의내부에존재하는땀에의해무좀등과같은각종의질병등을유발하게된다 [2]. 발에서나게되는악취는피부의표면에서자라고있는세균이땀으로분비가되는유기물질들을먹으면서증식을하는과정에서발생이되는기체가원인이다 [3]. 또신발에서발생을하고있는악취는공중위생상으로도다른사람들에게불쾌한감정을상당히주고있다 [3]. 특히신발의악취는주거의환경이폐쇄되어있는아파트나대중이밀집되어있는공간에서는문제들이더욱크게부각되고있다 [4]. 오랜기간동안에일하는작업의현장에서착용하게되는작업화의경우에는야기되는문제가더욱더크게야기되는실정이다. 오염되어있는신발세척은세탁하여서일광으로건조시켜서소독을하는것이일반적으로이용되고있는방법이다. 그렇지만날씨에의해서제약을받게되고, 시간에의해서도제약을받게되어신발의청결을유지하는데에어려움을주고있다. 특히가죽을사용하고있는구두나부츠와같은경우에는살균과소독을하는것이쉽지가않다. 살균을하는방법에서는가열을방법, 화학소독제를사용하는방법, 건조나살균, 그리고자외선을이용하는방법등이있다 [5-10]. 발이나양말의경우에는소독을하기가쉽기는하지만신발은옷과는다르게화학소독제사용을하거나삶게되면손상이될수가있다. 자연적으로건조하는방법으로는살균의효과는높지않을뿐만아니라시간도또한많이걸리게된다. 진공건조의방법은감압을하여서낮은온도로물을끓게하여습한물질들을비교적저온으로건조를시킬수가있는방법으로써신발에대해서압력을낮추고열을가하는방법에의해서신발손상이없으면서도빠른시간내에서신발이건조되도록할수가있다 [3]. 국내외살균신발장에사용되는살균작용기는주로원적외선, 음이온, 오존, 활성탄, 제올라이트등을활용하여살균과탈취기능을부여하고있으며, 주로기존의선반이있는신발장형태의공간에서신발외부에조사되고신발장내의공기정화를통한살균탈취를수행하고있기때문에발과주로접촉하고있는오염이심한신발내측의 살균정화에어려움이있고높은살균효과를부여하는데시간이많이걸리는문제가있다. 따라서근접살균을하지않으면살균탈취에있어서효율성에대한문제가발생할수밖에없다. 또신발내부의온도가상승을하면신발이변형이되거나손상을일으킬수있고, 전류소모량도증가를할수가있다이러한이유때문에최적의살균신발장가동조건의확립이매우중요하다. 신발의살균과소독을위한장치는주로자외선이이용되어지고있으며, 살균과소독에일반적으로사용되는방법이다 [11]. 진열대의내부천장에자외선램프가매달려서설치되는것이일반적이어서기존의신발의살균과소독을하는장치로는그성능에대해서가지고있는한계점이몇가지가있다. 실제로는신발에서의세균번식이가장많이있는장소는신발의깊숙한안쪽임에도불구하고신발의내부에깊숙하게도달하게되는자외선의양은아주적으며, 신발의크기또한다양하다. 또신발의목 (neck) 이다양한길이를가지고있음에도불구하고자외선등과더불어이루어지고있는소독의수단은모든신발에있어서동일하게적용이되기때문에신발의소독장치가갖는살균소독력이좀더강력하면서소형이고조밀하게되어져야만할필요가있다. 그리고효과적인소독을위해서는여러가지의다양한방법이보완되어져서적용되어야할필요도있다. 신발에살균소독력을강화하게하고신발의내부에깊숙하게도달하게하는소독의수단에관한연구와신발장내살균소독수단으로사용되어진자외선살균램프와활성탄등에서의살균및탈취효과에관한연구는아직도초보단계이다. 따라서본연구에서는신발소독장치를새로운구조로설계하고제작하고신발이항상청결한상태에서유지가되도록하기위하여다양한형태로의신발의살균방법중에서신발에서의각각의형태에따른적합한살균과소독의효과에대해서알아보았다. 또한추가적인연구로살균신발장작동조건이신발장의내부온도변화에미치는효과에대해알아보고자하였다. 2. 실험방법본연구는 2014년 10월부터 2015년 9월까지 1년동안수행을하였으며, 세균에오염되고악취를내포하고있는신발이효과적으로살균과탈취가이루어질수있도 200

3 오염된신발의효율적인살균과탈취를위한신발장의설계 록신발장을설계하였고, 제품의성능과작동조건이최적화가이루어지도록진행하였다. 2.1 하우징의구성하우징은 Fig. 1과같이크게외부커버, 내부커버로구성되어져있다. 외부와내부커버를고정하기위해인라인바퀴 ( 캐스터 ) 커버와내부커버브래킷 (bracket) 을용접하였다. 하우징하단에는미끄럼방지용고무팁과운반용인라인바퀴를달아서구성되도록하였다. 또한신발장의내부악취가외부로방출이되지않도록하고, 내부의공기탈취를위한환기시스템설치를위해 3M사의자동차탈취용의활성탄필터 (MFA 활성탄항균정전필터 ) 가적용되어진환기팬을하우징상단의중앙부분에위치하도록구성을하였다. 한편, 신발장실내온도디스플레이와걸이구의개별적 On/Off 스위치를하우징외부커버상단부분에위치가되도록구성을하였다. 그리고항균및탈취효율을향상시키기위하여하우징의내부에는 ( 주 )NCI사의 Evergreen TiO 2 광촉매를스프레이코팅의방법으로부착하였다. 원이차단되어서과열이방지될수있도록구성을하였다. 사용자의자외선노출방지를위하여도어가열릴때 UV램프의작동은자동으로차단이되도록하는기능도부가를하였다. (a) (b) Fig. 2. Internal components and diagram of electrical system. (a) Connection line structure, (b) Miniature of electricity component 2.3 신발걸이구의구성 (a) Fig. 1. Image of the developed shoe rack. (a)the outside of a shoes rack (b)the inside of a shoes rack. (b) 2.2 내장부품구성및전기계통도 살균신발장은 Fig. 2와같이전원이인가가될때활성탄필터내장환기팬과신발장내살균용 UV램프 2개 (15W) 가자동으로작동을하도록설계하였다. 신발내부의살균을위해 5쌍의신발걸이구 UV램프 (5W) 와이온발생기를개별적으로제어할수있는푸쉬버튼형 LED스위치와신발장내부의온도를표시하는디스플레이를적용하였다. 또한자동타이머의활용으로반복적인살균기능을수행할수있도록구성을하였다. 또한바이메탈온도스위치로 60 가넘을경우에는자동으로전 신발걸이구는 Fig. 3과같이 UV램프와, UV램프의파손을방지하고효과적으로 UV가투과될수있는디자인의걸이구커버, 그리고 UV램프와커버사이에음이온발생기가적용이되었다. 거치를할때에신발이이탈하는것을방지하기위해적절한각도로설계되고보조지지대를함께하여구성을하였다. 단 장목용신발걸이구의 ABS 수지커버는같은디자인으로구성을하였다. 신발걸이구측면의알루미늄가이드부분은심미성을부여하기위해서 3가지알루미늄합금 (5083, 6061, 7175) 을이용하고양극산화처리를한후에표면특성과색상을검토하였다. 최종에서는 1.8 M 황산에서 30 V의정전압조건으로 30분간전해하여표면에무광효과를부여하였다. 201

4 한국산학기술학회논문지제 17 권제 6 호, 평가방법 항균특성의평가본연구에서제작한살균신발장에대한항균특성은 JIS Z 2801:2010 방법에따라서평가를진행하였다 [12]. UV 조사시간에따른세균감소율을확인하기위해서대장균 (Escherichia coli) 과황색포도상구균 (Staphylococcus aureus) 균주를각각액체 LB배지와 BHI배지에접종을하고 CO 2 인큐베이터에서 48시간동안배양을하였다흡광도를측정하여균주수가 CFU/mL 되도록희석을한후에 Fig. 4의 (a) 와같이고체 LB배지와 BHI배지에서 100 μl씩도말을하였다. 항균성평가를위해 Fig. 4의 (b) 와같이 Table 1의조건으로신발걸이구에장착된 UV램프를이용하여균주로부터 UV를 10 cm 높이에서시간대별로노출을한후에 CO 2 인큐베이터에서 48시간동안배양을하여서세균감소율측정을하였다. 시험가스를챔버 ( 용적 :4.0±0.1 m 3 ) 에주입하여 2시간동안에살균신발장을가동하여변화되어진시험가스량의측정을하였다 신발장의온도변화 UV램프작동에의하여신발장하우징내부와온도변화의측정에는 ibutton Temperature Data Logger DS-1922T (Co. Maxim Dallas) 을이용하였다. 온도측정시간은 1분간격으로설정을하였고신발장내부에설치하여삽입하고작동시간동안에측정을실시하였다 [14]. 실험이끝난후 USB Adapter DS-9490R과 Reader DS-1402D를사용하여서컴퓨터와연결을하였고 1-WireViewer 프로그램을이용하여측정한온도의분석을하였다. 본시험에서는하우징내부와단목신발걸이구및, 장목신발걸이구각각에대하여 UV 가동시간 (10 분단위, 10분~180분 ) 에따른온도변화측정을하였다. Table 1. UV-light irradiation time for antibacterial evaluation Division Time(sec) (a) (b) Fig. 3. Design of shoe rack and anodization of aluminum alloys. (a) Design of shoe rack, (b) aluminum alloys 탈취효율의평가살균신발장에관한탈취효율의측정에있어서국내공인인증기관에서공인시험을할수있는한국공기청정협회의실내공기청정기규격인 SPS-KACA : 2006 방법에따라한국건설생활환경시험연구원에서폼알데하이드, 아세트알데히드, 톨루엔, 암모니아, 에틸렌, 메틸머캅탄등총 6종류의시험대상가스에대하여탈취효율측정을하였다 [13]. 탈취효율의측정은테스트할 Fig. 4. Inoculation of bacteria and UV-light irradiation (a) Inoculation, (b) UV-light irradiation 3. 결과및고찰 3.1 항균특성 Fig. 5와 Fig. 6은 Table 1의조건으로대장균 (Escherichia coli) 과황색포도상구균 (Staphylococcus aureus) 에대해 JIS Z 2801:2010에의해세균감소율을측정한결과로실험이시작된후에대장균과황색포도상구균은빠르게감소를하게되고모두 30초이상 UV에노출되었을때에 99.0% 의제거효율을보였다. 그후에모두살균이되 202

5 오염된신발의효율적인살균과탈취를위한신발장의설계 었음을확인할수있었으며세균감소율은 Table 2에나타내었다. 세균감소율을측정하여실험이시작된후에대장균과황색포도상구균은빠르게감소하여하게모두 30초이상의 UV에노출되었을때에 99.0% 의제거효율을보였으며그후에모두살균이되었음을확인할수있었다. 본연구에서살균효율이높은것은살균탈취부분의자외선램프가설치되어진공간으로신발에기생하고있는균에자외선이깊숙하게조사가되어살균이되도록설계되었고, 살균효율이극대화되도록공기와접촉하는면적을최대로하였으며내벽에는자외선을반사하도록반사판을설치하였기때문이다. UV의특성상직접조사된부분에한하여살균효과에있어서가있으므로 UV가조사되지않은 Fig 5. (a) 의 0 second, Fig 6. (a) 의 0 second, 그리고 Table 2의 Blank에보여준사진과측정값이신발걸이방법전의세균증식상황을보여주고있으며, UV가조사되지않은이대조군과비교하여신발걸이방법후의조사시간에따른항균특성의변화를비교관찰할수있었다. Kwak 등 (2001)[15] 은자외선에의한미생물살균작용의기전에대해자외선이우선적으로미생물의핵산에대해강하게흡수가되어서미생물의세포내 DNA의이중구조가변화되도록하여, 즉티민이합체 (thymine dimer) 가생성이되게하여서사멸을시키는것이라고하였다. 또한 UV살균이공기중에서의미생물살균이나고체표면에서의살균등에서유효하지만사례로는고체또는분말에서의살균에대해서는응용이된적이없으며, 오염미생물의살균이인삼의분말속에서는효과가크지않다고생각을한다고하였다 [5]. 본연구의결과에서도공기중의미생물의살균이나고체표면살균등에해당된다고볼수가있으며, 선행연구에서와마찬가지로유효한특징을보이고있음을확인하였다. 또한본연구에서사용한 UV는 185 nm인 UV 선을발생시켜오존을방출하는것이었다. 185 nm의 UV선은산소분해능력은있어도, 질소기체를분해하는능력은없다. 그래서 UV에의해만들어지는오존에서는코로나방전에의해만들고있는것에서와다르게인체에해를미치는질소산화물을포함하고있지않은깨끗한오존이라고할수있다. 다만, 열또는염소등과같은살균제처럼오존은인체에유해한특성이있다. UV램프는특성상주위의온도가낮아지면낮아질수록수명은단축이되기때문에기본적으로 10 아래의실온에서는사용하지않는것이바람직할것으로사료된다. Fig. 5. Culture test of Escherichia coli after exposure of ultraviolet (UV) light for (a) 0 second, (b) 10 seconds, (c) 30 seconds, (d) 1 minute, (e) 3 minutes, (f) 5 minutes. Fig. 6. Culture test of Staphylococcus aureus after exposure of ultraviolet (UV) light for (a) 0 second, (b) 10 seconds, (c) 30 seconds, (d) 1 minute, (e) 3 minutes, (f) 5 minutes. Table 2. Reduction ratio of bacteria after culture test Name of bacteria Escherichia coli Staphylococ cus aureus Time of exposure Blank 10 sec 0 sec 60 sec 180 sec 300 sec Blank 10 sec 30 sec 60 sec 180 sec 300 sec Concentration of bacteria (CFU/mL) Prevalue Postvalue Reduction ratio % 99.0 % % 99.0 % 203

6 한국산학기술학회논문지제 17 권제 6 호, 탈취의효율 Table 3은한국공기청정협회실내공기청정기시험규격인 SPS-KACA :2006 에따라서측정을한결과를각가스에대한탈취효율을나타내는것이다. 폼알데하이드의탈취효율이 75% 로가장높았고신발내의악취에서의주요인인암모니아의탈취효율이 50% 이고, 아세틸알데히드와에틸렌에대한탈취효율이 20% 로상대적으로는낮게측정이되었으며, 6종시험가스의평균탈취효율은 42.5% 로측정이되었다. 한국공기청정협회실내공기청정기시험규격인 SPS-KACA :2006 에따라서탈취효율측정을한결과에서폼알데하이드의탈취효율이 75% 로가장높았다. 또신발내의악취에서의주요인인암모니아의탈취효율이 50% 이고, 아세틸알데히드와에틸렌에대한탈취효율이 20% 로상대적으로는낮게측정이되었다. 그리고 6종시험가스의평균탈취효율에서는 42.5% 로측정이되었다. 우수한평균탈취효율을보인것은자외선의화학적인작용및 20 nm 이하에서나발생하는오존의산화반응이이용되도록하여서탈취가이루어지도록하였기때문으로사료된다. Chun 등 (1993)[16] 은주위에서의온도가낮아지면낮아질수록오존이발생하는양은감소를하게되지만낮은온도에서도상온에서의 70% 까지오존이발생을한다고하였으며, 자외선램프에서발생한오존에의해서밀폐된공간에서존재하게되는냄새를방출하는물질들이오존과의산화반응에의해서분해가되고탈취가일어날수가있다고기대할수있다고하였다 [16]. 자외선청정기의오존발생량이 0.06 ppm으로오존탈취기내에서의오존발생량인 ppm 보다도훨씬적게발생을하지만탈취효율이높은것이오존과반응을할것으로판단되는파장영역이오존탈취기의그것에서보다도 3배가되며또자외선의작용으로인하여냄새를발생시키는물질이분해가되었기때문이다 [16]. Kobayashi[17] 는 17명의발로부터균을수집하고조사하여포도상구균 (S. epidermidis) 을발견하였고, 이균을배양하게되면사람의발로부터발생하는악취와비슷한냄새가나게된다고하였다. 비록실내공기청정기시험규격에따라시험을하여측정된객관적인결과라고는하더라도사람의발에서이균을채취해서배양한후에본신발살균기에서살균후에냄새가나지않는지에대한추가연구도필요할것으로사료된다. Table 3. Deodorization efficiency for various test gases Gases of test Deodorization efficiency (%) Formaldehyde (HCHO) Acetaldehyde (CH 3CHO) Toluene (C 6H 5CH 3) Amonia (NH 3) Ethylene (C 2H 4) Methyl mercaptan (CH 3SH) Mean 3.3 신발장의온도변화 Fig. 7은단목과장목신발을신발걸이구에거치를하여작동시간에따른신발장내부와단 장목신발내부온도변화측정을하였다. 약 2시간이후에는신발장내부는약 32, 단목신발내부는약 62, 장목신발내부는약 48 정도로모두일정하게유지되었다. Fig. 8은신발걸이구램프를 5분후에점등을하고, 25분후에소등을하는것으로반복사이클에따른신발장내부와단 장목신발내부온도변화를나타낸것이다. 신발걸이구램프가반복적으로 5분점등을한후에도단 장목신발내 40 이하로유지가되었으며, 25분소등후에는 2 5 이하로유지되었고신발장의내부는 25 이상을보여주고있다. 단목과장목신발을신발걸이구에거치를하여작동시간에따른신발장내부와단 장목신발내부온도변화를측정한결과는약 2시간이후에는신발장내부는약 32, 단목신발내부는약 62, 장목신발내부는약 48 정도로모두일정하게유지되었다. 신발걸이구램프를 5분후에점등을하고, 25분후에소등을하는것으로반복사이클에따른신발장내부와단 장목신발내부온도변화를나타낸결과에서는신발걸이구램프가반복적으로 5분점등을한후에도단 장목신발내부의온도변화는 40 이하로유지가되었으며, 25분소등후에는 25 이하로유지되었고신발장의내부는 25 이상을보여주었다. 단목과장목신발을신발걸이구에거치를하여작동시간에따른신발장내부와단 장목신발내부온도변화측정을하였다. 약 2시간이후에는신발장내부는약 32, 단목신발내부는약 62, 장목신발내부는약 48 정도로모두일정하게유지되었다. UV램프로 5분의점등과 25분의소등을반복하여작동을할경우에신발내부와신발장내부온도는약 40 와 25 이하로유지되어신발에서는문제를야기하지않으면서도건조의효과를부가적으로얻을수있었다. 신발살균기의성능은살균기의내부온도가일정 204

7 오염된신발의효율적인살균과탈취를위한신발장의설계 하게제어되는정도에의해서결정을한다. 미국의 IFTPS(institute for thermal processing specialists) 가살균기내부에서의온도편차는 1.7 이하로권장을하였다 [18]. 그러나유통되고있는살균기에서는 2 를넘기는온도편차를대부분이보이고있어서안정성까지를위협하고있다는문제를가지고있다. 따라서살균기내부에서의온도편차가일정하게제어가되도록하는추가적인연구는필요하다. 세균으로오염이되어있는신발에서는신발의나쁜냄새를유발하기도하지만발에균들을전파되게하는감염의원인으로작용할수있어서신발살균은악취성분의제거와발의건강에매우중요할것이다. 본연구에서설계한신발을살균하면서탈취기능을갖도록설계한신발장은신발의내부에기생을하는 Fig. 7. Temperature change in the shoes with short or long neck according to continuous operational time 균의수에있어서상당한감소를보이고, 탈취의효과에있어서도뚜렷하게변화를보여줘서실용성은매우크다고하겠다. 4. 결론본연구에서는세균에오염되고악취를내포하고있는신발을효과적으로살균과탈취가이루어질수있도록신발장을설계하였고, 제품의성능과작동조건을살펴보았다. 대장균과황색포도상구균균주에대한 UV 조사시간에대한항균성을시험한결과는매우짧은시간에살균효과가있음을알수있었고, 실제살균신발장의작동시간 60분을고려할때에도신발살균에대하여제약조건이아님을알수있었다. 시험가스에대한평균탈취효율은 42.5% 을보여탈취에있어서도효과가있음을확인하였다. 신발장작동시간에따른온도변화를측정한결과는신발걸이구 UV램프의 5분의점등과 25분의소등을반복하여작동하여신발내부와신발장내부온도는약 40 와 25 이하로유지되어신발에문제를야기하지않을것이며, 건조효과또한부가적으로얻을수있었다. 본연구에서설계한신발을살균하면서탈취기능을갖도록설계한신발장은신발의내부에기생을하는균의수에있어서상당한감소를보이고, 탈취의효과에있어서도뚜렷하게변화를보여줘서실용성은매우크다고하겠으며, 경제적인면에서도활용이가능할것으로판단된다. References Fig. 8. Temperature change in the shoes with short or long neck under the conditions which UV lamp turned on for 5 minutes and off for 25 minutes repeatedly. [1] P. K. Ng, K. S. Jee, N. M. S. Ng, L. W. Thong, C. Y. Ng, J. A. Yeow and K. L. Toh, "Design and development of an automated shoe rack", Paper Presented at International Conference on Technology and Environmental Science, Available from: ign_and_development_of_an_automated_shoe_rack (accessed May 1, 2016). [2] S. J. Park, J. S. Shin and J. Kawasaki, Ammonia removal of activated carbons modified by ozone treatment, Journal of the Korean Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 14(8), pp , [3] S. H. Park, D. H. Shin, J. S. Choi, K. H. Kim, "Effective sterilization method of the bacteria-inducing offensive odor of shoes", Korean J Dermatol, 44(5), pp ,

8 한국산학기술학회논문지제 17 권제 6 호, 2016 [4] B. Y. Kim, A study on indoor air cleaning in crowd facilities using arc reaction : focused on bacteria sterilization from the air, Doctoral Dissertation at Myongji University, [5] Y. S. Kwak, J. K. Chang, "Effect of various sterilization methods on growth of microorganism contaminated in ginseng powder", J Fd Hyg Safety, 16(3), pp , [6] Y. S. Kwak, K. B. No, J. K. Chang, and K. J. Choi, "Effect of ozone treatment on growth of microorganisms contaminated ginseng powders", J Fd Hyg Safety, 10(1), pp.45-51, [7] Y. H. Yoon, S. H. Nam, J. C. Joo, H. S. Ahn, "Photocatalytic disinfection of indoor suspended microorganisms (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis spore) with ultraviolet light", Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 15(2), pp , DOI: [8] Z. D. Meng, K. Z., W. C. Oh, "Photocatalytic activity of Fe treated AC/TiO2 composites between visible light and UV light irradiation", Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 11(5), pp , DOI: [9] S. B. Park, S. C. Kwon, "Microbiological hazard analysis for HACCP system application to red pepper powder", Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 16(4), pp , DOI: [10] S. B. Park, S. C. Kwon, "Microbiological hazard analysis for HACCP system application to fermented milk", Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 16(1), pp , DOI: [11] B. J. Park, J. H. Ryu, J. B. Park, "The Development of cleaning and monitoring system for pipeline type UV sterilizer", Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 14(12), pp , DOI: [12] J. Oses, J. F. Palacio, S. Kulkarni, A. Medrano, J. A. R. Garcia, R. Rodriguez, "Antibacterial PVD coatings doped with silver by ion implantation", Applied Surface Science, 310, pp.56-61, DOI: [13] S. S. Yun, "CA certificate system for Room Air Cleaner", Air Cleaning Technology, 23(4), pp.37-46, [14] J. C. Cheong, C. S. Jhune, C. J. Lee, J. A. Oh and P. G. Shin, "Methods of temperature measurement of medium in bottle during sterilization", Journal of Mushroom Science and Production, 9(2), pp.74-79, [15] H. Cho, J. Y. Sohn, Assessment of indoor volatile organic compounds & formaldehyde emission characteristics in new apartments with the effectuation of the indoor air quality law, Journal of the Korean Society of Living Environmental System, 17(2), pp , [16] J. K. Chun, Y. J. Lee, K. M. Kim, H. W. Lee, E. Y. Jang, "Sterilizing and deodorizing effect of UV-ray air cleaner for refrigerator", Korean J Food Sci Technol, 25(2), pp , [17] S. Kobayashi, "Relationship between an offensive smell given off from human foot and Staphylococcus Nippon Saikingaku Zasshi, 45, pp , [18] IFTPS, Heat transfer distribution as an extension of temperature distribution studies, 이삼철 (Sam-Cheol Lee) [ 정회원 ] 1990 년 2 월 : 전북대학교대학원화학공학과 ( 공학석사 ) 2005 년 8 월 : 경상대학교대학원의학과 ( 의학석사 ) 2000 년 2 월 : 전북대학교대학원화학공학과 ( 공학박사 ) 1997 년 3 월 ~ 2015 년 12 월 : 한려대학교석유화학공학과, 신소재공학과, 물리치료학과, 생체의공학과교수 2015 년 12 월 ~ 현재 : 한려대학교교양과교수 < 관심분야 > 생체재료, 인공장기, 의공학기술, 생물공학 장용석 (Yong-Seok Jang) [ 정회원 ] 2004년 2월 : 전북대학교대학원금속공학과 ( 공학석사 ) 2007년 2월 : 전북대학교대학원금속공학과 ( 공학박사 ) 2011년 6월 ~ 2015년 2월 : 미국노스캐롤라이나 A&T주립대학교박사후연구원 2015년 3월 ~ 현재 : 전북대학교치과대학치과생체재료학교실연구조교수 < 관심분야 > 금속표면처리, 금속공학, 생체재료 206

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