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1 한수지 51(6), , 2018 Original Article Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 51(6), , 년국내연안고래류의혼획특성 이슬희 최슬기 김지혜 김현우 * 손호선 국립수산과학원고래연구센터 Characteristics of the Cetacean Bycatch in Korean Coastal Waters from 2011 to 2017 Seulhee Lee, Seulgi Choi, Ji Hye Kim, Hyun Woo Kim* and Hawsun Sohn Cetacean Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Ulsan 44780, Korea Globally, the survival of many marine mammals is threatened by entanglement in fishing gear and there is also a high bycatch in Korea. This study analyzed the bycatch data of most cetacean species for Korean waters from 2011 to 2017, including the narrow-ridged finless porpoise Neophocaena asiaeorientalis, common dolphin Delphinus delphis, common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata, and Pacific white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens. A total of 12,262 cetaceans were captured as bycatch. In the Yellow and South Seas, the main species affected was the narrow-ridged finless porpoise, with 82.9% caught in stow nets and 11.5% captured in trawls. In the East Sea, the common minke whale, common dolphin, and Pacific white-sided dolphin were reported. The main common minke whale bycatch (43.5%) was in set nets, while common dolphins (49.0%) and Pacific white-sided dolphins (91.4%) were mainly caught in gill nets. The narrow-ridged finless porpoise, common dolphin, and common minke whale were most commonly reported in March, April, and May, while the Pacific white-sided dolphin was most frequently captured as bycatch in January and December. Each of these factors (season and gear responsible for bycatch) depended on the characteristics of the cetacean species. To conserve cetaceans, it is necessary to reduce the bycatch Key words: Bycatch, Narrow-ridged finless porpoise, Common dolphin, Common minke whale, Pacific white-sided dolphin 서론, (Read et al., 2006). (Crowder and Murawski, 1998; Norman, 2000; Jackson et al., 2001; Myers and Worm, 2003; Read et al., 2006) (Reeves et al., 2003). (IWC, International whaling commission) 1986., ,, ,,,. *Corresponding author: Tel: Fax: address: hyunwoo.kim@korea.kr This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 51(6), , December 2018 Received 8 November 2018; Revised 24 November 2018; Accepted 2 December 2018 저자직위 : 이슬희 ( 연구원 ), 최슬기 ( 연구원 ), 김지혜 ( 연구원 ), 김현우 ( 해양수산연구사 ), 손호선 ( 해양수산연구관 ) Copyright 2018 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 704 pissn: , eissn:

2 국내연안고래류의혼획특성 705, (An et al., 2004; Kim et al., 2004; Sohn et al., 2012). Kim et al. (2013) Kim et al. (2013), 재료및방법 ,..,,,,,,,,. 1) 2) Table 1. Number and species of bycaught cetacean in Korean waters from 2011 to 2017 Suborder Scientific name Common name Korean name Total (%) Mysticeti Odontoceti Balaenoptera physalus Fin whale 참고래 Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback whale 혹등고래 Balaenoptera brydei Bryde s whale 브라이드고래 Balaenoptera acutorostrata Common minke whale 밍크고래 Orcinus orca Killer whale 범고래 Tursiops truncatus Tursiops aduncus Pseudorca crassidens Common bottlenose dolphin Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin False killer whale 큰돌고래 남방큰돌고래 흑범고래 Grampus griseus Risso s dolphin 큰머리돌고래 Globicephala macrorhynchus Short-finned pilot whale Delphinus delphis Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Common dolphin Pacific white-sided dolphin 들쇠고래 참돌고래 , 낫돌고래 Neophocaena asiaeorientalis Narrow-ridged 상괭이 714 2,207 1,435 1,144 1, , finless porpoise Phocoena phocoena Harbour porpoise 쇠돌고래 Phocoenoides dalli Dall s porpoise 까치돌고래 Unidentified sp. Unidentified 미분류고래류 Total 1,129 2,654 1,880 1,735 2,215 1,300 1,349 12,

3 706 이슬희ㆍ최슬기ㆍ김지혜ㆍ김현우ㆍ손호선 Fig. 1. Monthly variation in number of the bycatch cetacean by species in the Korean waters from 2011 to (a) Narrow-ridged finless porpoise Neophocaena asiaeorientalis, (b) Common dolphin Delphinus delphis, (C) Common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata, (d) Pacific white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens... (NFRDI, 2007). Google Earth Pro (Ver.7.3.2; Google, USA). ( ). ( ), ( ) ( ), ( ). 결과 혼획된고래류의종구성 ,262. (Fin whale Balaenoptera physalus), (Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae), (Bryde s whale Balaenoptera brydei) (Common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata) 4 517, (Killer whale Orcinus orca) 11 11,732, 13 (Table 1). (Narrow-ridged finless porpoise Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) 8, %. (Common dolphin Delphinus delphis) 2, %, %, (Pacific white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) %. 3%,,,, 4,,. 연 월별혼획현황,,,, 4 Table , , ,435, 1,144,

4 국내연안고래류의혼획특성 707 1, , , 5 2,947, 6 1, ,, (Fig. 1a) , , , , , 6 70 (Fig. 1b)., , , , , , 70 (Fig. 1c) , , , , , (Fig. 1d). 해역별혼획,,, Table 2. 7,105. 7,034, 99.0%, 0.8%, 0.2%. 1, %, 5.7%, 1.8%, 0.6%. 3, %. 9.7% 9.6%. 3.3% 3.0%.,,,,,, (Fig. 2a). (Fig. 2b)., (Fig. 2c).,, (Fig. 2d). 어구별혼획현황,,,,. 6,776 6,736. 2,246 1,409. 1, ,080, (Table 3). 4 (Fig. 3), Table 2. Bycaught number by species in each sea area Common name Yellow Sea South Sea East Sea Unknown Narrow-ridged finless porpoise 7,034 1, Common dolphin 0 8 2,911 - Common minke whale Pacific white-sided dolphin Others Total 7,105 1,233 3,919 5

5 708 이슬희ㆍ최슬기ㆍ김지혜ㆍ김현우ㆍ손호선 Fig. 2. Locations of bycaught animals by species from 2011 to (a) Narrow-ridged finless porpoise Neophocaena asiaeorientalis, (b) Common dolphin Delphinus delphis, (C) Common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata, (d) Pacific white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens. 82.9%. 5.0% 11.5%, 0.5% (Fig. 3a). 49.0%, 37.5%, 13.0%, 0.5% (Fig. 3b). 43.5%, 26.9%, 19.2%, 8.1%, 2.2% (Fig. 3c). 91.4%, 4.8%, 2.7%, 1.1% (Fig. 3d). 고찰 4 517, 11 11,732, 13. Sohn et al. (2012) Table 3. Number of bycaught cetacean species by fishing gear from 2011 to 2017 Common name Stow net Set net Gill net Pots Trawl Narrow-ridged finless porpoise 6, Common dolphin 0 1,080 1, Common minke whale Pacific white-sided dolphin Total 6,776 1,350 2,

국내연안고래류의혼획특성 709 Fig. 3. Proportion of bycatch fishing gears by species from 2011 to 2017.

6 국내연안고래류의혼획특성 709 Fig. 3. Proportion of bycatch fishing gears by species from 2011 to (a) Narrow-ridged finless porpoise Neophocaena asiaeorientalis, (b) Common dolphin Delphinus delphis, (C) Common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata, (d) Pacific white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens.. (Cunha et al., 2015) , 9. Kim et al. (2013) Kim et el. (2013),,,. (Zhang et al., 2004; Choi et al., 2010) (Fig. 2a). 3.0% (Table 2), 70 m (Reeves et al., 1997; Zhang et al., 2004)..., (NFRDI, 2008). 80 m (Zhang et al., 2004) (Fig. 1). 4-6 (Kim and Lee, 1996; Song et al., 2008). Park et al. (2002; 2011), ,,,, 2, Park et al. (2015) 2004/ %

7 710 이슬희ㆍ최슬기ㆍ김지혜ㆍ김현우ㆍ손호선. 2016,. 11.5% (Park and Lee, 1991). Fertl and Leatherwood (1997), Couperus (1997) (Table 1), (Fig. 3b). (NFRDI, 2008),,. 100 m (Pusineri et al., 2007; Perrin, 2009)... (NFRDI, 2008). (Clua et al., 2001),. Yoo and Park (2009) Joo et al. (2014) 3,4,5 9,10., (Jefferson et al., 2015) (Fig. 2c), 1,100, 1,600 (Sohn et al., 2001; Park et al., 2009). 9.7% 0.8% (Table 2). Kim et al. (2004) 100 m,.. (Fig. 3c) 50 m (Jefferson et al., 2015). 3,4,5, Wada (1989) Miyashita (1997) 4. Song et al. (2010) (Fig. 1). Kim et al. (2004),. (Jefferson et al., 2015). (Sohn et al., 2012). (Fig. 2d) (Fig. 3d). (Yoon et al., 2014),.

8 국내연안고래류의혼획특성 (Fig. 1d). (Leatherwood, 1984; Jefferson et el., 2015),. 12 (Fig. 1d). Selzer and Payne (1988) ppt (Salinity in parts per thousand) , 34.2 ppt (Kim et al., 2004). 2016, 2017 (Table 1),.,, 2016, 2017, (MOF, 2016; 2017).,, (Brownell et al., 1999; NOAA, 2018). 150 m 2-12 (NFRDI, 2013)., 2016, ,,,.,. 사사,. (R ). References An YR, Kim ZG, Sohn H and Yang WS By-catch of small cetaceans in the eastern coastal waters of Korea. J Korean Soc Fish Res 6, Brownell JR L, Walker WA and Forney KA Pacific whitesided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Gill, In: Handbook of marine mammals, Volume 6: the second book of dolphins and the porpoises, Ridgeway SH, Richard H, Richard JH, eds, Academy Press, New York, N.Y., U.S.A. Choi SG, Park KJ, Kim HW, Lee YR, Park JE, Moon DY and An YR Finless porpoise, Neophocaena phocaenoides, distribution in the South Sea of Korea. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 43, kfas Clua É and Grosvalet F Mixed-species feeding aggregation of dolphins, large tunas and seabirds in the Azores. Aquat Living Resour 14, Couperus AS Interactions between Dutch midwater-trawl and Atlantic white-sided dolphins(lagenorhynchus acutus) southwest of Ireland. J Northwest Atl Fish Sci 22, Crowder LB and Murawski SA Fisheries bycatch: implications for management. Am Fish Soc 23, dx.doi.org/ / (1998)023<0008:fbifm>2.0.co;2. Cunha HA, de Castro RL, Secchi ER, Crespo EA, Lailson-Brito J, Azevedo AF and Solé-Cava AM Molecular and morphological differentiation of Common Dolphins (Delphinus sp.) in the Southwestern Atlantic: testing the two species hypothesis in sympatry. PloS One 10, e dx.doi.org/ /journal.pone Fertl D and Leatherwood S Cetacean interactions with trawls: a preliminary review. J Northwest Atl Fish Sci 22, Jackson JB, Kirby MX, Berger WH, Bjorndal KA, Botsford LW, Bourque BJ and Hughes TP Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science 293, Jefferson TA, Webber MA and Pitman RL Marine Mammals of the World : A comprehensive Guide to Their Identification (2nd Edition). Academic Press, London, U.K. Joo H, Park JW, Son S, Noh JH, Jeong JY, Kwak JH and Lee SH Long term annual primary production in the Ulleung Basin as a biological hot spot in the East/Japan Sea. J Geophys Res Oceans 119, org/ /2014jc Kim DN, Sohn H, An YR, Park KJ, Kim HW, Ahn SE and An DH Status of the Cetacean Bycatch near Korean Waters. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 46, /KFAS Kim JS and Lee JH A study on fishing efficiency and by-catch of small fish of winged stow net fishery. J Fish Mar Sci Edu 8, Kim ZG, An YR, Sohn H and Baik CI Characteristics of minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) by-catch in Ko-

9 712 이슬희ㆍ최슬기ㆍ김지혜ㆍ김현우ㆍ손호선 rean waters. J of Korean Soc Fish Res 6, Leatherwood S Distribution, seasonal movements and abundance of Pacific white-sided dolphins in the eastern North Pacific. Sci Rep Whales Res Inst 35, Miyashita T A note on whaling grounds for the western North Pacific minke whale. Rep. Int Whal Comm 47, MOF (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries) Statistic Database for Fisheries Production. Retrieved from www. fips.go.kr/p/s020303/# on Oct 28, MOF (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries) Statistic Database for Fisheries Production. Retrieved from www. fips.go.kr/p/s020303/# on Oct 28, Myers RA and Worm B Rapid worldwide depletion of predatory fish communities. Nature 423, org/ /nature NFRDI (National Fisheries Research And Development Institute) Whales, dolphins and porpoises off Korean Penisula. Hanguel and Graphics, Busan, Korea. NFRDI (National Fisheries Research And Development Institute) Fishing gear in Korea. Hanguel and Graphics, Busan, Korea. NFRDI (National Fisheries Research And Development Institute) Ecology and fishing ground of major commercial species in the Korean waters. National Fisheries Research and Development Institute. Ye-Moon-Publishing, Busan, Korea. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Species directory of Pacific white-sided dolphin. Retrieved from on Oct 28, Norman FI Preliminary investigation of the bycatch of marine birds and mammals in inshore commercial fisheries, Victoria, Australia. Biol Cons 92, org/ /s (99) Park JH and Lee JH In Relation to the Formation of Fishing Ground and the Fluctuation of Fishing Condition of Anchovy, Engranlis Japonica, Catched by Anchovy Drag Net. J Korean Soc Fish Technol 27, Park KJ, An YR, Kim ZG, Choi SG, Moon DY and Park JE Abundance estimates of the minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata, in the East Sea, Korea. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 42, / kfas Park KJ, An YR, Lee YR, Park JE, Moon DY and Choi SG Feeding habits and consumption by finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) in the Yellow Sea. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 44, kfas Park KJ, Sohn H, An YR, Kim HW and An DH A New Abundance Estimate for the Finless Porpoise Neophocaena asiaeorientalis on the West Coast of Korea: An Indication of Population Decline. Fish Aquat Sci 18, dx.doi.org/ /fas Park KJ, Zhang CI, Kim ZG and Sohn H Feeding habits and trophic level of finless porpoise, Neophocaena phocaenoides in the Yellow Sea. J of the Korean Soc of Fish Res 5, Perrin WF Common dolphins: Delphinus delphis and D. capensis. In Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals Second Edition. Academic Press, London, U.K. Pusineri C, Magnin V, Meynier L, Spitz J, Hassani S and Ridoux V Food and feeding ecology of the common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) in the oceanic Northeast Atlantic and comparison with its diet in neritic areas. Mar Mamm Sci 23, Read AJ, Drinker P and Northridge S Bycatch of marine mammals in US and global fisheries. Conserv biol 20, Reeves RR, Wang JY and Leatherwood S The finless porpoise, Neophocaena phocaenoides (G. Cuvier, 1829): a summary of current knowledge and recommendations for conservation action. In: Asian Marine Biology, 14. Smith and Perrin, eds. Hongkong University Press, Pokfulam, Hongkong. Reeves RR, Smith BD, Crespo E, Notarbartolo di Sciara G and the Cetacean Specialist Group Dolphins, whales and porpoises: conservation action plan for the world's cetaceans (Vol. 58). IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland. Selzer LA and Payne PM The distribution of white-sided and common dolphins vs environmental features of the continental shelf of the northeastern United States. Mar Mamm Sci 4, tb00194.x. Sohn H, Kim ZG and Miyashita T Abundance estimate of minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata, by sighting survey in the Yellow Sea, spring J Korean Soc Fish Res 4, Sohn H, Park KJ, An YR, Choi SG, Kim ZG, Kim HW and Park TG Distribution of whales and dolphins in Korean waters based on a sighting survey from 2000 to Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 45, KFAS Song KJ, Kim ZG, Zhang CI and Kim YH Fishing gears involved in entanglements of minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in the East Sea of Korea. Mar Mamm Sci 26, Song MY, Sohn MH, Im YJ, Kim JB, Kim HY, Yeon IJ and Hwang HJ Seasonal variation in the species composition of bag-net catch from the coastal waters of incheon, Korea. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 41, org/ /kfas Wada S Latitudinal segregation of the Okhotsk Sea-West

10 Pacific stock of minke whales. Rep Int Whal Comm 39, Yoo S and Park J Why is the southwest the most productive region of the East Sea/Sea of Japan?. J Mar Syst 78, Yoon SC, Jeong YK, Zhang CI, Yang JH, Choi KH and Lee DW Characteristics of Korean coastal fisheries. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 47, / KFAS Zhang CI, Park KJ, Kim ZG and Sohn H Distribution and abundance of finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) in the west coast of Korea. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 37, 국내연안고래류의혼획특성 713

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45권5호내지6.indd 한수지 45(5), 486-492, 2012 Original Article Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 45(5),486-492,2012 목시조사(2000-2010)에 의한 한국 연안 고래류의 종류 및 분포 손호선 *. 박겸준. 안용락. 최석관 1. 김장근 1. 김현우. 안두해. 이영란. 박태건 국립수산과학원 고래연구소, 1 국립수산과학원 자원관리과