46-3대지.04이광률c

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "46-3대지.04이광률c"

정현 초
5 years ago
Views:

1 Study on Types and Distributional Properties of Abandoned Channels in Korea Gwang-Ryul Lee* Abstract The types, distributional and shape properties of abandoned channels in Korea are classified and examined. There are 409 abandoned channels in Korea and they can be classified into the 6 types such as the incised meander cutoff, stream piracy, distributary, artificial incised meander neck-cutoff, channel straightening of free meander and distributary streams. The abandoned channels by incised meander neck-cutoff showing the most frequency with 266, have the topographical properties of high altitude and steep relief and frequently distribute in Gangwon and Gyeonbuk Province and in the upper reaches of main stream of Nakdong-River, and Dal-River and Pyeongchang-River, tributaries of Namhan-River. The most frequency areas of abandoned channels by distributary, channel straightening of free meander and distributary streams are the lower reaches of Namhan-River and main stream in the lower reaches of Nakdong-River, Mangyeong-River and Yeongsan-River, and Geumho-River, respectively. The abandoned channles by incised meandering neck-cutoff and stream piracy are relatively used as farmlands or forests due to the high altitude and relative altitude from the river bed. : paleo-channel, meander neck-cutoff, channel straightening, stream piracy, incised meander, braided channel 2010 (NRF B00582)(This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government(NRF B00582)) (Assistant Professor, Department of Geography Education, Teachers College, Kyungpook National University) 304

2 abandoned channel, paleochannel) Goudie 2004 (Dury, 1965; Rotnicki, 1983; Page and Nanson, 1996; Page et al., 1996) (Sapozhnikov and Foufoula-Georgiou, 1996; Brewer and Lewin, 1998; Tabata and Hickin, 2003) (Baker et al., 1993; Shaw et al., 1999) (Ministry of Environment, 2008) (Odum, 1997) Suh(1988) Song(1993) (Lee and Yoon, 2004; Jeong and Lee, 2004; Lee et al., 2005a; 2005b; Son, 2009) 305

ArcGIS Excel 1920 1 50 000 1990 1 25 000 1970 (meander core) 1 25 000 (meander neck-cutoff) (distributary) (stream piracy)

3 ArcGIS Excel (meander core) (meander neck-cutoff) (distributary) (stream piracy) (channel straightening) 4 Figure 1 (meander neck) Figure 1. The processes of abandoned channel by meander neck-cutoff. 306

4 Figure 2. The abandoned channel at Gwangha-ri, Jeongseon-gun. (natural bridge) (meander core) C (Figure 2) (Figure 3) (bar) Figure 3. The processes of abandoned channel by braid. 307

5 Figure 4. The abandoned channel at Jangcheon-ri, Chungju-si. (Figure 4) Figure 5 A B (Figure 6) 1 7 km Figure 5. The processes of abandoned channel by stream piracy. 308

6 Figure 6. The abandoned channel at Yeondang-ri, Yeongyang-gun Figure 7. The processes of abandoned channel by channel straightening. 309

7 Figure 8. The abandoned channel at Juksan-ri, Naju-si (A-1)(A- 2) (A-3) (B-1) (B-2) (B-3) (A-1) (B-2) 55 (A-2) 38 (B-3) 28 (A-3)

8 Figure 9. The number of abandoned channels by types in Korea (A-1: incised meander neck-cutoff, A- 2: stream piracy, A-3: braided channel, B-1: artificial incised meander cutoff, B-2: artificial free meander cutoff, B-3: artificial braided channel cutoff). (B-1) 5 Figure 10 (A-1) (A-2) (A-3) (B- 1) 5 2 (B-3) Table 1. The number of abandoned channels by administrative area. A-1 A-2 A-3 B-1(artificial B-2(artificial B-3(artificial (incised cutoff) (piracy) (braided) -incision) -meander) -braided) Gyeonggi Gangwon Chungbuk Chungnam Kyeongbuk Kyeongnam Jeonbuk Jeonnam total total 311

9 이광률 Figure 10. Distribution of abandoned channel by type in Korea (A-1: incised meander neck-cutoff, A-2: stream piracy, A-3: braided channel, B-1: artificial incised meader cutoff, B-2: artificial free meander cutoff, B-3: artificial braided channel cutoff). 우리나라의 유형별 구하도 분포 -`312`-

10 (A-1) (A-2) (A-3) (B-2) (B-3) Table (A-1) (A-2) 9 313

11 Table 2. The number of abandoned channels by drainage basin. drainage basin A-1 A-2 A-3 B-1(artificial B-2(artificial B-3(artificial (incised cutoff) (piracy) (braided) -incision) -meander) -braided) total Imjin Bukhan Namhan-up Namhan-low Han(low) West coast-mid East coast-mid Geum-up Geum-low Nakdong-up Nakdong-mid Nakdong-low East coast-south Mankyeong Yeongsan West coast-south Seomjin South coast (A-3) (B-2) 15 (B-3) 98 5 Table 3 (A-3) 2 9km (B-3) 2 7km (B-1) 2 6km (B-2) 1 3km C 13 7 km (A-1) 7 7km (A-2) 314

12 Table 3. The shape and altitude of abandoned channels. A-1(incised A-2 A-3 B-1(artificial B-2(artificial B-3(artificial cutoff) (piracy) (braided) -incision) -meander) -braided) average length mean (km) max area mean (km 2 ) max altitude mean (m) max height above mean riverbed max (m) 8 8km 3 0 4km km km km 2 225m 205m 8 8m 772m 685m 4 300m 64m 32 0m 26 7m 4 5m 235m 146m m 315

13 Table 4. The number of abandoned channels by land use types. A-1 A-2 A-3 B-1(artificial B-2(artificial B-3(artificial (incised cutoff) (piracy) (braided) -incision) -meander) -braided) total urban (1.7%) facilities (7.1%) military (2.0%) farm (60.1%) wet land (13.7%) waters (7.8%) forest (7.6%)

14 Baker, V. R., Benito, G. and Rudoy, A. N., 1993, Paleohydrology of Late Pleistocene Superflooding, Altay Mountains, Siberia, Science, 259, Brewer, P. A. and Lewin, J., 1998, Planform cyclicity in an unstable reach: complex fluvial response to environmental change, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 23(11), Dury, G. H., 1965, Theoretical Implication of Underfit Streams, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 452-C, Washington. Goudie, A. S., 2004, Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, Routledge, New York. Jeong, S. M. and Lee, M. B., 2004, Change of Estuary Landscape in Suncheon Bay, South Coast of Korea, Journal of the Korean Geomorphological Association, 11(2), (in Korea). Lee, G. R. and Yoon S. O., 2004, Distribution Characteristics of the Incised Meander Cutoff in Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces, Central Korea, Journal of the Korean Geography Society, 39(6), (in Korea). Lee, M. B., Kim, N. S., Lee, G. R. and Han, U., 2005a, Analysis of Landscape Changes of Channel Meandering by Satellite Images in Lower Reach of Daedong and Jaeryeong Rivers, West North 317

15 Korea, Journal of the Korean Geomorphological Association, 12(1), (in Korea). Lee, M. B., Lee, G. R., Kim, N. S., Shin, K. H. and Nam, H. J., 2005b, A Study oil the Geomorphic Changes in Yeonbaek Coastal Plain by Using Satellite Images and Topographical Map, West Coast of North Korea, Journal of the Korean Geomorphological Association, 12(2), (in Korea). Ministry of Environment, 2008, Discovering Wetlands, Ministry of Environment UNDP/GEF Korea Wetland Project, Gwacheon 2008 UNDP/GEF Odum, E. P., 1997, Ecology: A Bridge Between Science and Society, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland. Page, K. J., Nanson, G. C. and Price, D., 1996, Chronology of Murrumbidgee River palaeochannels on the Riverine Plain, southeastern Australia, Journal of Quaternary Science, 11(4), Page, K. J. and Nanson, G. C., 1996, Stratigraphic architecture resulting from Late Quaternary evolution of the riverine plain, southeastern Australia, Sedimentology, 43, Rotnicki, K., 1983, Modelling past discharges of meandering river, in G. K., (ed.) Gregory, Background to Palaeohydrology, Wiley, Sapozhnikov, V. B. and Foufoula-Georgiou, E., 1996, Self-affinity in braided rivers, Water Resources Research, 32(5), Shaw, J., Munro-Stasiuk, M., Sawyer, B., Beaney, C., Lesemann, J., Musacchio, A., Rains, B. and Young, R. R., 1999, The Channeled Scabland: back to Bretz?, Geology, 27, Son, I., 2009, A Geomorphology on the Baeckhwa Mountains, Journal of the Korean Geomorphological Association, 16(4), 1-12 (in Korea). Song, U. G., 1993, Geomorphic Development of Incised Meander in the Middle and South Part of the Korean Peninsula, Kyungpook University Doctor Thesis. Suh, H. J. 1988, A Study on the process of the abandoned channel formed by incised meander, Journal of Geography Education, 20, (in Korea). Tabata, K. K. and Hickin, E. J., 2003, Interchannel hydraulic geometry and hydraulic efficiency of the anastomosing Columbia River, southeastern British Columbia, Canada, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28(8), georiver@knu.ac.kr, Correspondence: Gwang-Ryul Lee, Department of Geography Education, Teachers College, Kyungpook National University, Sankyuk-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu, , Korea ( georiver@knu.ac.kr, phone: ) 318

44-3대지.02이광률c

44-3대지.02이광률c Properties of Channel and Evolutions of Fluvial Terraces in Odae River Gwang-Ryul Lee* 1 3 OSL 1 MIS 2 2 MIS 3 2 0 205m/ka 0 269m/ka Abstract This study analyzes the properties of fluvial landforms in