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1 Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 16, No. 11 pp , ISSN / eissn 노효진 1, 이승호 1* 1 상명대학교의생명공학과 Development of an aequorin-based assay for the screening of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonists Hyojin Noh 1, Sunghou Lee 1* 1 Department of Biomedical Technology, Sangmyung University 요약 corticotropin releasing factor(crf) 는스트레스에의해유도되는신경펩타이드물질들중하나로서모발의손실및재성장에영향을미친다고광범위하게제기되어왔다. 이에 CRF1 수용체길항제개발을위하여세포내칼슘신호전달기전을이용한스크리닝시스템을개발하고최적화연구를수행하고자하였다. 이를위하여에쿼린모체세포에 CRF1 수용체와만능 G 단백질인 Gα16 유전자를동시에발현시켜안정화세포주를구축하였다 (HEK293a16/hCRF1). 표준효현제인 sauvagine 의반응이임시발현세포와비교하여안정화세포주에서농도의존적반응범위가 12배이상증가하였으며 (EC 50:15.21±1.83 nm), 이에따라길항제스크리닝에필수적인안정적인신호와높은용매허용도를확보할수있었다. CRF1 수용체에대한표준길항제인 antalarmin과 CP154526에대한 IC 50 수치는각각 414.1±5.5 와 290.7±1.9 nm로확인되었는데냉동보관세포의경우에도유사한결과를얻었다. 에쿼린기반세포기능실험의최적화연구를통해구축된 CRF 수용체안정화세포주는모발의재형성과관련된신규의기능성화장품및조절물질개발연구에적극적으로활용가능할것으로판단된다. Abstract Corticotropin-releasing factor(crf), one of the stress driven neuropeptides, was widely proposed to influence hair loss and re-growth. For the development of receptor antagonists, the screening system based on intracellular calcium signal process was developed and optimized. The aequorin parental cells were transfected with CRF1 receptor and alpha 16 promiscuous G protein cdna to establish HEK293a16/hCRF1, a stable cell line for the human CRF1 receptor. In HEK293a16/hCRF1 cells, the range of sauvagine dose response was 12-fold higher(ec 50:15.21±1.83 nm) than in the transiently expressed cells, hence essential conditions for the antagonist screening experiments such as the robust signals and high solvent tolerance were secured. The standard antagonists for the CRF1 receptor, antalarmin and CP154526, resulted IC 50 values of 414.1±5.5 and 290.7±1.9 nm, respectively. Similar results were presented with frozen HEK293a16/hCRF1 cells. Finally, our HEK293a16/hCRF1 cells with the aequorin based cellular functional assay can be a model system for the development of functional cosmetics and modulators that can have a clinical efficacy on hair re-growth. Keywords : Drug screening, Corticotropin releasing factor receptor, G-protein coupled receptor, High throughput screening 1. 서론 스트레스로인한생리적인변화에대응하여신속히 반응하는것으로알려진 [1] corticotropin releasing factor(crf) 는우울증, 정신분열증및알츠하이머병의발생과도연관성이있다고보고되었다 [2-3]. CRF는 41 본논문은 2014년도상명대학교교내학술연구비지원에의해작성되었음. * Corresponding Author : Sunghou Lee (Sangmyung Univ.) Tel: lees@smu..ac.kr Received September 25, 2015 Revised (1st October 12, 2015, 2nd October 20, 2015) Accepted November 6, 2015 Published November 30,
2 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 11 호, 2015 개의펩타이드로구성되며, 수용체로는 1형 (CRF1) 및 2형 (CRF2) 과 CRF 결합단백질 (CRF-BP) 이알려져있다 [4-5]. 생리학적으로중요한조절자로서의역할을수행하는 CRF 수용체 [6] 는활성화되면 camp의조절과 phospholipase C, MAPK cascades등다양한신호전달기전과관련있는것으로알려져있다 [7-9]. 이러한신경펩타이드신호전달시스템을통하여 CRF는교감신경을자극하거나또는부교감신경계를억제하여심혈관계시스템 [10] 과신경내분비시스템 [11] 을조절하는데, CRF 수용체길항제가이러한작용들을억제할수있는것으로나타났다. CRF 수용체시스템과관련된최근연구에따르면, CRF 수용체가과발현된탈모증마우스모델에서 astressin-b를피하주사하여 CRF1과 CRF2 수용체를차단시켰을때모발재형성과함께활발한피부색소침착이나타났다 [12]. 이러한결과는 CRF 수용체길항제가만성적인스트레스로인한모발의손실및재형성과관련이있다는것으로 CRF 및관련된여러신경펩타이드수용체조절물질들에대한개발연구와활용가능성이제기되었다. 지금까지의수용체조절물질들에대한 1단계스크리닝연구는주로리간드와수용체간의상호작용을수용체절편을이용하여검색하는방법으로수행되어왔다 [13]. 그러나다양한수용체조절물질들에대한활성을효현제와길항제차원에서검증하고자점차로세포내수용체단백질의발현을활용하게되고따라서형광신호를이용한이미징등여러플랫폼기술들이이용되어왔다 [14]. 특히광범위하게활용되고있는형광신호의경우스크리닝하는물질들이자체형광을가지고있거나검출되는형광을간섭하는경우실험결과에매우부정적인효과를나타내어이러한현상을극복하고자전세계적으로라벨프리기술 [15] 등다양한기술들이검토되어왔다. 그들중광단백질인에쿼린을활용한세포내칼슘신호전달감지기술 [16-7] 은시료들에의한간섭현상을최소화할수있다는측면에서천연물시료들을포함하는 CRF1 수용체에대한스크리닝기술로서적합하다고판단되었다. 이에본논문에서는모발의재형성에관여하는 CRF 길항제스크리닝연구를위하여 CRF1 수용체와함께만능 G 단백질을동시발현시킨안정화세포주를개발하고, 이를활용한에쿼린기반세포기능실험의최적화연구결과를보고하고자한다. 2. 재료및방법 2.1 재료및기기에쿼린 [18-9] 모체세포주 (ES-000-A30) 는 Perkinelmer life and analytical science ( 미국 ) 사에허가를받아사용하였다. CRF1 (GenBank Acc#, AY457172) 과 G α16(genbank Acc#, M63904) 의 cdna는 Missouri S&T cdna Resource center ( 미국 ) 로부터분양받았으며, CRF1의효능제인 sauvagine은 American peptide company ( 미국 ) 사의제품을사용하였다. CRF1의표준길항제인 antalarmin과 CP154526은 TOCRIS ( 영국 ) 사의제품을사용하였다. 96-well white Optiplate는 Perkinelmer life and analytical science사의제품을사용하였으며, 세포내칼슘변동측정에사용되는 coelenterazine h는 chromophore 보조인자로서 Promega Corporation ( 미국 ) 사의제품을사용하였다. 세포로부터의반응은 Berthold ( 독일 ) 사의 Mithras LB 940 장비를사용하여측정하였다. 2.2 세포배양에쿼린모체세포주는 EMEM과 10% fetal bovine serum (GIBCO, 미국 ) 100 IU/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml Streptomycin (HyClone, 미국 ), 10 μg/ml zeocin (Invitrogen, 미국 ) 의조성을가지는배양액을사용하였다 [20]. 세포는 100 mm 디쉬를사용하여5% CO 2 가포함된가습조건에서 37 C로배양하였다. 세포의포화도가 80% 정도에도달했을때, 1X Phosphate buffered saline (PBS : BIOSESANG, 한국 ) 5 ml로세척하고 Trypsin-EDTA 5 ml을첨가하여세포를분리한후배양액 5 ml을추가하여 1,000 Xg에서 5 분간원심분리하였다. 다시배양액 10 ml과혼합하여 개의세포를 100 mm 디쉬에옮겨 5 일간격으로계대배양하였다. 2.3 안정화세포주의구축 CRF1 수용체유전자가안정적으로발현되는세포주를확립하기위하여에쿼린모체세포주에 CRF1과 Gα 16[21] 유전자를삽입하고그유전자들을가지는벡터에대한 selection antibiotics을포함한배양액으로갈아주며세포를배양하였다. 만들어진여러개의 colony를분리하여배양한다음칼슘에대한반응을실험하여최대반응을보이는 colony를선별하였다. 실험에사용된안 7576
3 정화세포주는 CRF1 (HEK293aeqα16/hCRF1) 로표시하였다. 형질전환의구체적인실험조건은 LONZA사의 4D-Nucleofector system을사용하여제조회사의프로토콜을따라에쿼린모체세포주에서수행하였다. 2.4 에쿼린기반세포기능실험세포내에서방출되는칼슘과미토콘드리아에쿼린을통한발광현상을기초로하는세포기능실험방법을활용하였다 [20]. 간단히설명하면형질전환을통해 CRF1 유전자가삽입된세포는 48 시간배양이끝난후 PBS 10 ml로세척하고세포를분리한다음 1,000 Xg에서 5 분간원심분리하였다. 침전된세포는기본완충액 (DMEM/HAM s F12 without phenol red, with L-Glutamate, 15 mm HEPES, ph 7.0, 0.1% BSA) 으로 2X10 6 cells/ml의농도가되도록 coelenterazine h를첨가한다음빛을차단하고상온에서 rotator를사용하여세포와 coelenterazine h를반응시켰다. 4 시간동안반응시킨후에기본완충액으로 10배희석하여 cells/ml농도로맞춘후앞에서와같은조건으로 60 분간방치하였다. 효능제활성을확인하기위해서 50 μl/well의효능제가담긴 96-well Optiplate에미리준비한세포를 50 μ l/well (10,000 cells/well) 로가한후결과신호값을측정하였다. 길항제활성을확인하기위하여준비된세포를 50 μl/well의길항제가담긴 96-well Optiplate에 Multipipette Plus (Eppendorf, 독일 ) 를사용해 50 μ l/well로첨가한후 15 분간길항제와반응시키고 50 μ l/well의효능제를주입하여반응을확인하였다. 세포의활성으로인해방출되는빛은 Mithras LB 940를사용하여측정되는수치로기록되었다. 실시간으로 (20초/well) 측정된 relative light units(rlu) 수치들을 AUC(area under the curve) 값으로변환하여 RLU(AUC) 로나타내었다. 2.5 냉동보관세포실험세포주의냉동보관을위해서세포포화도가 80% 에도달하면배양액을교체하고항생제없는조건에서 18 시간동안배양하였다. PBS 10 ml로세척하고세포를분리한다음 1,000 Xg에서 5 분간원심분리하였다. 침전된세포는냉동보관액 (DMEM/HAM s F12 without phenol red, with L-Glutamine, 15 mm HEPES, ph 7.0, 10% DMSO, 20% FBS) 으로 cells/ml의농도가되도록혼합하여 Cryotube (Nunc, 덴마크 ) 에서 -80 C 까지서서히냉동시킨뒤 -80 C 또는액체질소에보관하였다. 냉동보관한세포를실험에사용할때는 Cryotube를꺼낸즉시 37 C 수욕조에서 1-2 분간해동시킨후배양액 5 ml이담긴 tube로옮겨서 1,000 Xg에서 5 분간원심분리하였다. 이후세포와 coelenterazine h를반응시키는과정을통하여실험에사용할세포를준비하였다 [22]. 2.6 통계적분석농도별반응실험으로부터얻은데이터는 PRISM version 5.0 (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, 미국 ) 의 non-linear curve fitting functions을사용하여 EC 50, IC 50, R 2, HillSlope 변수값을얻어그래프를평가하였다. 유의수준을평가하기위해 Student t test를사용하여그룹내데이터를콘트롤데이터와상호비교하고, 그외의통계적데이터는 Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, 미국 ) 을사용하여분석하고 mean ± SD로나타내었다. 3. 결과 3.1 Gα16 에대한 CRF1 효능제활성비교에쿼린모체세포에서 CRF1 유전자와함께만능 G 단백질인 α16 cdna를도입한경우와그렇지않은세포에서칼슘신호전달에의한반응정도를효능제를통해비교하였다 [Fig 1]. HEK293 세포주에내재되어있는수용체인아세틸콜린수용체에대한신호값은두세포에서유사한반응이관찰되었다. Gα16 cdna가삽입되지않은세포에서실험한결과 (a), 효능제인 sauvagine의최저농도신호값은 4339, 최대농도신호값은 7790으로 Signal to Noise ratio(s/n ratio) 가 1.8 정도로 CRF1 수용체에대한활성이거의확인되지않았다. 반면에 Gα 16 cdna를함께삽입한세포의경우 (b), 효능제인 sauvagine에대한최저농도신호값은 8593, 최대농도신호값은 41350(S/N ratio 4.8, EC 50 = 419±15 nm) 으로나타났다. 이와같은결과는효능제로활성화된 CRF1 수용체가 Gα16 단백질과결합하여칼슘을유리시키는 Gq 유형의신호전달을일으킨것을의미한다. 따 7577
4 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 11 호, 2015 라서에쿼린모체세포주에 Gα16 cdna와함께 CRF1 유전자를삽입하면, Gs 유형의신호전달을이용하는 CRF1 수용체의경우에도세포기능의변화에따른칼슘이온의변화도를측정할수있게되어핵심최적화연구를통하여 CRF1 길항제스크리닝에응용하고자한다. Fig. 1. Stimulation of internal calcium release by CRF1 receptor agonist in HEK293aeq/hCRF1 live cells. Various concentrations of sauvagine( ) and acetylcholine( ) were prepared in assay buffer, and applied to coelenterazine-loaded HEK293aeq/ hcrf1 cells without(a), and with(b) Gα16 cdna expression. Presented data were representative data set from at least two separate experiments performed in triplicate, and each data points were expressed as mean ± SD. 3.2 안정화세포주에서의 CRF1 활성확인스크리닝실험에필수적인안정화세포주의구축을위하여에쿼린모체세포주에 Gα16 cdna와 CRF1 유전자를삽입하여배양된다수의클론들에대한효능제반응을실험하여최적의반응을보이는클론을선별하였다. 선별된 HEK293aeqα16/hCRF1의효능제와길항제에대한활성을확인하기위해농도별신호를그래프로나타내었다 [Fig 2]. sauvagine의최저농도와최고농도의신호값 (a) 은각각 5701, 로나타났다 (S/N ratio 58.8, EC 50 = 15.21±1.83 nm). Fig. 2. Dose-response curves of CRF1 receptor agonist and antagonists in HEK293aeqα16/hCRF1 live cells. (a) Dose-response curves of sauvagine( ) and acetylcholine( ). (b) Inhibitory-response curves of antalarmin( ) and CP154526( ) as standard antagonists. Presented data were representative data set from at least two separate experiments performed in triplicate, and each data points were expressed as mean ± SD. 이러한결과는 Fig 1에나타난임시발현세포의실험결과와비교하여안정화세포주에서 S/N ratio가 12 배이상높게개선된것을의미한다. 또한표준길항제인 antalarmin 과 CP 에대한반응 (b) 을실험한결과 IC 50 값이각각 414.1±5.5과 290.7±1.9 nm로확인되었다. 효능제실험결과와마찬가지로안정화세포주에서임시발현세포에서의결과와비교하여 positive control 값이약 1.8 배이상높은값으로측정되어안정화세포주에서길항제스크리닝실험을위하여최적화된결과를나타내었다. 유기물질들의용해에광범위하게사용되는 dimethly sulfoxide(dmso) 의허용조건에대한실험을진행한결과 [Fig 3], 5% DMSO 실험조건까지 DMSO를추가하지않은대조샘플과비교하여통계적으로유의성이없는결과가나타났다. 7578
5 Fig. 3. The effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) % on the CRF1 inhibition assays. *P<0.0.5 and ***P<0.005, significantly different from positive control group without DMSO. (n=3-5) 하지만 10% DMSO 조건에서는대조샘플대비 40% 의신호감소효과가나타났고, 8% DMSO 조건에서도 22% 의신호저하효과가관찰되었다. 이러한결과는현재까지의다양한세포기반실험들이 1% 미만의 DMSO 를허용하는것과비교하여 DMSO의허용도가매우높게나타난것으로, 실험대상시료의최초실험농도를최대한으로유지할수있다는것을의미한다. 즉현재의실험조건에서 100% DMSO를함유하는시료들을최초스크리닝실험에서 1/200로희석실험가능하여스크리닝실험의신뢰도를높일수있을것이라고판단된다. 3.4 냉동보관안정화세포주의활성확인신물질발굴을위한스크리닝시스템에제작한안정화세포주의효율적인활용을위해 HEK293aeqα16/hCRF1 세포를액체질소또는 -80 에냉동보관후세포를사용하였을때효능제와길항제의신호값을비교하였다 [Fig 4]. 효능제인 sauvagine에대한반응 (a) 으로 EC 50 값은 23.80±1.92 nm로확인되었다. 또한길항제인 antalarmin의반응 (b) 에서는 IC 50 값이 118.2±9.4 nm로나타났다. 이러한결과는배양세포상태에서실험한경우와비교하여세포반응값이거의동일한수준으로측정되었다는것을의미하며, 효능제와길항제실험에서얻은 EC 50 값과 IC 50 값또한통계적으로유의성이있는현저한차이가발견되지않았다. Fig. 4. Dose-response curves of CRF1 receptor agonist and antagonist of CFR1-transfected in frozen cells stored at -80. (a)agonist dose-response curves of sauvagine( ) and acetylcholine( ). (b) Dose-response curve of antalarmin as a standard antagonist. Presented data were representative data set from at least two separate experiments performed in triplicate, and each data points were expressed as mean ± SD. 4. 고찰 스트레스에의해다양한생리조절물질들의발현패턴이변화되고이에따라생리활성의변화가나타난다 [1]. 본연구에서는스트레스에의해유도되는신경펩타이드물질들중하나인 corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) 에대한수용체길항제개발과이의산업적인활용을위하여세포내칼슘신호전달과정을통한스크리닝시스템을개발하고이를최적화하여 CRF1 수용체조절물질의개발에활용하고자하였다. 이러한스크리닝과정은세포반응의일관성이데이터의질향상에큰영향을미치기때문에안정적인데이터를얻기위해안정화세포주를구축하여최적화단계를거치는것이필수적이다. 임시발현세포를사용한사전실험에서 CRF1 수용체만도입한경우 S/N ratio가 1.8 정도로신호수준이안정적이지못하여스크리닝실 7579
6 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 11 호, 2015 험에적용하기가어렵다고판단되었다. 이를극복하기위하여에쿼린모체세포주에 CRF1과 Gα16[21] 유전자를함께전달하고생성된클론들로부터 S/N ratio가 58 이상인안정화세포주 (HEK293aeqα16/hCRF1) 를확보하게되었다. 이와같은결과는 CRF1 수용체가효능제에의하여만능 G 단백질인 Gα16과결합하여칼슘신호전달기전을활성화시킨것으로, Gs[7] 유형의신호전달이주류인 CRF1 수용체의경우에도 Gα16을도입하여스크리닝에응용할수있다는것을보여주는것이다. 특히 Gα16을도입하지않은형광실험 [23] 의경우안정적인신호의확보를위하여 100,000 cells/well 조건으로실험을했지만본연구에서확보한안정화세포주의경우 5,000 cells/well 최소조건으로도충분한신호수준을확보할수있었다. 또한에쿼린기반세포실험은발광신호가형광과달리시험물질들의자체형광또는간섭현상을최소화할수있는장점이있어최근에논의되고있는천연물유래 CRF1 길항제의개발 [24] 에적극적으로활용될수있을것이라고판단된다. 안정화세포주를이용하여길항제스크리닝실험의안정성을확인한결과임시발현세포의초기실험결과와비교하여실험간변동성도최소화된것으로나타났다. 이에대한정량적인근거로 13개미소판으로진행한 Z 지수 [25] 실험결과데이터범위가 ±0.0464로공식적인스크리닝실험이가능한안정적인수치를나타내었다. 또한범용용매인 DMSO에대한실험허용도가최대 5% 로시료의최초스크리닝농도를희석율 0.005까지높게설정할수있었다. 일반적인세포기능실험들의 DMSO에대한실험허용도가 % 인것을고려하면확립된에쿼린기반세포기능연구시스템은냉동보관세포의활용가능성과함께다양한물질을기반으로하는스크리닝연구분야에적합도가매우높다고판단된다. 현재까지도출된실험조건과그결과들을종합하면에쿼린기반세포기능실험의최적화연구를통해구축된 CRF 수용체안정화세포주는모발의재형성과관련된신규의기능성화장품및조절물질개발연구에적극적으로활용가능할것으로판단된다. References [1] Lucas, M., Chen, A., Richter-Levin, G. Hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor is centrally involved in learning under moderate stress., Neuropsychopharmacology, 38(9), , DOI: [2] Arborelius, L., Owens, M.J., Plotsky, P.M., Nemeroff, C. B. The role of corticotropin-releasing factor in depression and anxiety disorders., J Endocrinol, 160(1), 1-12, DOI: [3] Dong, H., Murphy, K.M., Meng, L., Montalvo-Ortiz, J., Zeng, Z., Kolber, B.J., Zhang, S., Muglia, L.J., Csernansky, J.G. Corticotrophin releasing factor accelerates neuropathology and cognitive decline in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease., J Alzheimers Dis, 28(3), , [4] Hillhouse, E.W., Randeva, H., Ladds, G., Grammatopoulos, D. Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors., Biochem Soc Trans, 30(4), , DOI: [5] Muramatsu, Y., Suqino, N., Suzuki, T., Totsune, K., Takahashi, K., Tashiro, A., Hongo, M., Oki, Y., Sasano, H. Urocortin and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor expression in normal cycling human ovaries., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86(3), , DOI: [6] Hemley, C.F., McCluskey, A., Keller, P.A. Corticotropin releasing hormone-a GPCR drug target., Curr Drug Targets, 8(1), , DOI: [7] Dautzenberg, F.M., Kilpatrick, G.J., Hauger, R. L., Moreau, J. Molecular biology of the CRH receptors in the mood., Peptides, 22(5), , DOI: [8] Karteris, E., Grammatopoulos, D., Randeva, H., Hillhouse, E.W. Signal transduction characteristics of the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors in the feto-placental unit. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85, , DOI: [9] Grammatopoulos, D.K., Randeva, H.S., Levine, M. A., Katsanou, E.S., Hillhouse, E.W. Urocortin, but not corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway in human pregnant myometrium: an effect mediated via R1a and R2b CRH receptor subtypes and stimulation of Gq-proteins., Mol Endocrinol, 14, , DOI: [10] Kasahara, M., Groenink, L., Olivier, B., Sarnyai, Z. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) over-expression down-regulates hippocampal dopamine receptor protein expression and CREB activation in mice., Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 32(2), , [11] Budziszewska, B., Zając, A., Basta-Kaim, A., Leśkiewicz, M., Steczkowska, M., Lasoń, W., Kaciński, M. Effects of neurosteroids on the human corticotropin-releasing hormone gene., Pharmacol Rep, 7580
7 62(6), , DOI: [12] Wang, L., Million, M., Rivier, J., Rivier, C., Craft, N, Stenzel-Poore, M.P., Taché, Y. CRF receptor antagonist astressin-b reverses and prevents alopecia in CRF over-expressing mice., PLoS One, 6(2), e16377, DOI: [13] Fang, Y. "Ligand-receptor interaction platforms and their applications for drug discovery", Expert Opin Drug Discov, 7, , DOI: [14] Lee, S., Platform technologies for research on the G protein coupled receptor: Applications to drug discovery research, Biomol Therapeutics, 19, 1-8, DOI: [15] Peters, M.F., Vaillancourt, F., Heroux, M., Valiquette, M. and Scott, C.W. "Comparing label-free biosensors for pharmacological screening with cell-based functional assays", Assay & Drug Develop Tech, 8, , DOI: [16] Button, D., Brownstein, M. Aequorin- expressing mammalian cell line used to report Ca2+ mobilization., Cell Calcium, 14(9): , DOI: [17] Eglen, R.M. and Reisine, T. "Photoproteins: Important new tools in drug discovery", Assay & Drug Develop Tech, 6, , DOI: [18] Inouye, S., Noguchi, M., Sakaki, Y., Takagi, Y., Miyata, T., Iwanaga, S. and Tsuji, F.I. "Cloning and sequence analysis of cdna for the luminescent protein aequorin", Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 82, , DOI: [19] Prasher, D., McCann, R.O. and Cormier, M.J. "Cloning and expression of the cdna coding for aequorin, a bioluminescent calcium-binding protein", Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 126, , DOI: [20] Dupriez, V.J., Maes, K., Le Poul, E., Burgeon, E. and Detheux, M. "Aequorin-based functional assays for g-protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, and tyrosine kinase receptors", Receptors Channels, 8, , DOI: [21] Ueda, T., Ugawa, S., Ishida, Y., Hondoh, A. and Shimada, S. "Development of generic calcium imaging assay for monitoring gi-coupled receptors and g-protein interaction", J Biomol Screen, 14, , DOI: [22] Noh, H., Lee, S. Optimization of the cryopreserved condition for utilization of GPCR frozen cells, J Korea Acad Cooper Soc, 16(2), , DOI: [23] Dautzenberg, F.M., Gutknecht, E., Van der Linden, I., Olivares-Reyes, J.A., Durrenberger, F. and Hauger, R.L. "Cell-type specific calcium signaling by corticotropinreleasing factor type 1 (crf1) and 2a (crf2(a)) receptors: Phospholipase c-mediated responses in human embryonic kidney 293 but not sk-n-mc neuroblastoma cells", Biochem Pharmacol, 68, , DOI: [24] Huang, H.J. and Chen, C.Y. "A possible solution for hair loss by inhibiting corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) receptor from traditional chinese medicine", J Biomol Str & Dynamics, 32, , DOI: [25] Zhang, J.H., Chung, T.D., Oldenburg, K.R. "A simple statistical parameter for use in evaluation and validation of high throughput screening assays", J Biomol Screen, 4, 67-73, DOI: 노효진 (Hyojin Noh) [ 준회원 ] < 관심분야 > GPCR, Cell biology 2009 년 2 월 : 상명대학교의생명공학과 ( 공학사 ) 2011 년 2 월 : 상명대학교의생명공학과분자생리학전공 ( 공학석사 ) 2011 년 3 월 ~ 2015 년 8 월 : 상명대학교바이오환경기반공학과 ( 박사 ) 이승호 (Sunghou Lee) [ 정회원 ] 1990 년 2 월 : 미국 FDU, Dept. of Biochem. ( 석사 ) 2001 년 5 월 : 미국 Georgetown Univ., Dept. of Physiology ( 박사 ) 1990 년 7 월 2004 년 8 월 : 한국화학연구원선임연구원 2004 년 9 월 현재 : 상명대학교천안캠퍼스의생명공학과교수 < 관심분야 > 고효율약효검색, 약물수용체분자생리학 7581
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