<30352DC1A4B0E6B8B82C20C1A4C0AFC1F82E687770>

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "<30352DC1A4B0E6B8B82C20C1A4C0AFC1F82E687770>"

Transcription

1 NEUROTHERAPY 대한신경치료학회지정경만제21, 권정유진제3호 초기뇌졸중환자에서체간제한과결합된로봇보조상지훈련의효과 : 무작위대조예비연구 정경만 1, 정유진 *2 1 원광대학교병원물리치료실, *2 원광대학교병원작업치료실 The Effect of Robot-Assisted Upper Limb Training Combined with Trunk Restraint in Early Stroke Patients: Randomized Controlled Pilot Study Kyeoung-Man Jung 1, Yu-Jin Jung *2 1 Dept. of physical Therapy, Won-kwang University Hospital *2 Dept. of occupational Therapy, Won-kwang University Hospital Purpose This study was to determine the effect of robot-assisted upper limb training combined with trunk restraint in early stroke patient. Methods Sixteen inpatients were randomly allocated into the experimental group (n=8), who received robot-assisted upper limb training combined with trunk restraint, and the control group (n=8), who received a robot-assisted upper limb training. Each intervention consisted of a 30 min session once a day, five times a week, for four weeks. To measure the functions of the upper limbs and performance capacities in the activities of daily living, the Fugl-Meyer assessment-upper extremity (FMA-UE), Manual function test (MFT), Korean-modified Barthel index (K-MBI) were used before after the intervention. Results The robot-assisted upper limb training combined with trunk restraint group and control group improved more significantly after intervention in FMA, MFT, K-MBI (p<.05). However, robot-assisted upper limb training combined with trunk restraint group was more effective than control group in increasing the FMA, MFT, K-MBI (p<.05). Conclusion These results suggest that robot-assisted upper limb training combined with trunk restraint is more helpful to improve upper-extremity function than robot-assisted upper limb training only early stroke patients. Key words Activities of daily living, Robot-assisted upper limb training, Stroke, Trunk restraint, Upper extremity function Corresponding author Yu-Jin Jung (amyeugene@naver.com) Received date 23 August 2017 Revised date 20 September 2017 Accepted date 19 October 2017 I. 서론 뇌졸중은뇌혈관질환으로뇌로공급되는혈관이막히거나터짐으로써신체전반에걸쳐기능제한과일상생활활동에장애를유발한다. 1) 뇌졸중환자의 85% 에서인지, 운동, 감각, 균형장애등이나타나며그중 69% 이상의환자에서마비측상지에기능장애가발생된다. 2) 특히뇌졸중발병초기에마비측상지의심각한운동장애를보이는환자중 20% 정도에만상지기능이일부회복되었고, 상지기능이완전회복되는경우는 5% 미만이라고하였으며, 발병 5년이후에도 25% 의환자가적절한상지사용의어려움을호소할정도로뇌졸중후상지기능회복은부정적이다. 3,4) doi : 뇌졸중이후발생하는상지기능장애는정교한손동작, 조작하기, 식사하기, 글씨쓰기, 개인위생관리, 의사표현하기, 걷기, 균형유지하기등과같이동작을방해하는주요원인으로작용하기때문에환자의사회적독립성을방해하고삶의질저하를초래한다. 5) 뇌졸중환자의상지기능회복은인간의가장기본적삶을유지하는데중요하기때문에하지의보행기능못지않게중요하다고할수있다. 6) 최근무작위대조군연구를통한메타분석한연구에서, 상지기능향상을위해실시한상지재활로봇치료가상지근력및운동기능에효과적이라는보고가있었다. 7) 상지로봇은신경학적질환이있는환자들에게감각운동훈련을제공할수있는장비로, 상지무게를보조하여비정상적인골곡근시너지를감소시켜선택적움직임을유도할수있으며, 과제지향적훈련을통해운동학습및동기유발을증진 초기뇌졸중환자에서체간제한과결합된로봇보조상지훈련의효과 : 무작위대조예비연구 27

2 NEUROTHERAPY NEUROTHERAPY 2017;21(3):27-33 할수있는장점이있다. 8) 그러나아직까지선행연구마다상지로봇치료효과에대한결과차이가나타나고있는데이는적용한로봇의종류, 로봇치료를시작한시점, 치료의강도나적용기간, 환자의인지상태등이그원인이라고하였다. 9) Joo 등 (2014) 10) 은아급성기뇌졸중환자를대상으로상지로봇치료를실험군에적용하고대조군에는고식적치료만시행한결과두군간상지기능과일상생활활동에차이가없었다고하였다. 기존연구에서보면, 뇌졸중환자의상지훈련시신체다른부위에서상지의부족한움직임을보상하기위한다양한형태의보상움직임이발생된다고하였다. 11) 이러한의도하지않은신체의보상움직임은결과적으로상지훈련의강도와선택적동작을방해하는요인으로작용하여상지훈련의효과를감소시키기때문에상지훈련시보상움직임을억제하기위한체간움직임의제한은상지훈련의효과를향상시킬수있다고하였다. 12) 체간제한방법은마비측상지로과제수행시어깨관절, 주관절의부족한움직임을보상하기위한체간의움직임을감소시킴으로써상지기능에영향을미칠수있다. 13) 체간의과도한움직임을억제하여보상움직임을줄이면상지운동시더많은잠재적기능회복을유도할수있다. 14) 그러나대부분의로봇보조상지훈련시체간의과도한움직임을제한하여시행한연구는전무한실정이다. 따라서본연구에서는초기뇌졸중환자를대상으로체간제한과결합된로봇보조상지훈련이상지운동기능과일상생활동작에미치는효과를알아보고자하였다. II. 연구방법 1. 연구대상및연구기간본연구는 2016년 9월 1일부터 2016년 12월 30일까지전북익산에위치한 W대학교병원재활의학과에입원치료중인뇌졸중환자 16명을대상으로실시하였다. 연구대상자는본연구의선정조건에부합되는자로본연구의목적과절차에대한충분한설명을듣고실험참여에자발적으로서면동의한자를대상으로하였다. 대상자의선정기준은뇌졸중으로진단받은지 1개월미만인환자중재발되지아니한자, 마비측어깨관절굴곡근과외전근이도수근력측정 (manual muscle test, MMT) 상 Poor 이상인자, 상지경직의등급이 MAS (modified ashworth scale) 가 2 미만인자, 한국형간이정신상태검사판별검사 MMSE-K(mini-mental state examination- Korea) 점수가 24점이상인자로하였으며, 로봇치료를적절히수행할수없는기저질환이있는자는제외하였다. 대상자는다음과같다 (Table 1). 2. 측정도구및측정방법 1) Fugl-Meyer 평가척도 (Fugl-Meyer Assessment; FMA) Fugl-Meyer 평가척도는뇌졸중환자를대상으로운동기능, 균형감각, 관절가동범위등운동기능회복단계를양적으로평가하기위해개발된측정도구이다. 15) 상지와하지두영역으로나뉘어있고공동운동 (synergy) 을고려하여평가할수있다. 본연구에서사용한상지영역의세부항목은어깨 / 팔꿈치 / 아래팔 18항목, 손목 5항목, 손 ( 손가락 ) 7항목, 상지협응능력 3항목이었다. 마비측과비마비측을 3회씩실시하여높은점수를채택하며, 수행정도에따라 0~2점을부여하게된다 (0 점은수행할수없음, 1점은부분적으로수행, 2점은완전하게수행 ). 상 하지모두포함한전체점수는 100점으로상지에해당하는검사는 33항목으로최대 66점이며, 회복정도를백분율로나타낼수도있다. 16) 측정자간신뢰도와측정자내신뢰도는.94와.99로높은신뢰도를가지고있다. 17) 2) 상지기능검사 (Manual Function TEST; MFT) 뇌졸중환자의상지운동기능의전반적인상태를평가하기위해일본동북대학의학부리하연구소에서개발한검사도구이다. 뇌졸중환자의상지기능및동작능력측정을짧은시간에측정할수있는장점이있다. 검사항목으로는상지운동 4 항목, 파악 2항목, 손가락조작 2항목으로상지운동기능의회복상태를확인할수있다. 세부항목마다수행시 1점, 불가능할시 0점으로기록하는데어깨굽힘 (4점), 어깨벌림 (4 점 ), 후두부에손닿기 (4점), 등에손닿기 (4점), 쥐기 (3점), 집기 (3점), 입방체운반 (4점), 페그보드에꽂기 (6점) 으로총점은 32 점이만점이다. 18) 검사자간신뢰도와검사 - 재검사신뢰도는.95 으로높게보고되고있다. 19) 3) 한국판수정된바델지수 (Korean version of modified Barthel index; K-MBI) 일상생활활동수행능력을평가하기위한도구로개발된 K-MBI 는 Shah 등 (1989) 20) 이개정한 MBI 제5판을한국실정에맞도록일부문항을수정및보완하여표준화한것이다. 총 10 가지의일상생활활동항목으로구성되어있으며각항목별 5 점척도로점수화시킨다. 100점만점으로 0~24점은완전의존, 25~49점은중등도의존, 50~74점은중도의존, 75~90점은경도의존, 91~99점은최소의존, 100점은완전독립성을나타낸다. 검사- 재검사신뢰도는.89, 검사자간신뢰도는.95 로높게보고되고있다. 21) 3. 치료중재본연구에서로봇보조상지훈련은 ArmeoSpring (Hocoma Inc, Zurich, Switzerland) 를이용하였다. 로봇훈련은해당 28 The Effect of Robot-Assisted Upper Limb Training Combined with Trunk Restraint in Early Stroke Patients: Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

3 정경만, 정유진 회사로부터로봇사용방법에대한교육을이수하고자격증을부여받은경력 5년이상의작업치료사가시행하였다. 훈련전환자및보호자에게훈련에대한충분한설명과주의사항을교육한후손잡이위치, 하부팔의길이, 상부팔의길이를조정하여마비측팔을로봇외골격에부착하였다. 훈련프로그램은마비측상지의뻗기, 들어올리기, 옮기기, 이동시키기등전반적인일상생활과관련된동작을위주로개인의능력과목적에맞게설정하였으며, 난이도는환자의운동수행결과를토대로결정하였다. 로봇보조상지훈련중실험군은체간의전방이동과회전등의보상적움직임을최소화하기위해길이 1.5m 스트랩으로체간을고정시켜훈련시체간의움직임을제한하였다 (Figure 1). 대조군은체간을따로고정하지않고등받이에부착한상태로자유롭게훈련하도록하였다 (Figure 1). 운동의강도는운동자각도를이용하여 1~2주차에서는 RPE 13~14( 약간힘들다 ), 3~4주에서는 RPE 14~15( 힘들다 ) 로상향조절하였다. 훈련은 1일 30분, 주 5회, 4주간총 20회를시행하였다. 4. 연구방법본연구는총 21명의대상자를모집하였으나선정기준에충족하지못한 4명과참여를거부한 1명을제외하여총 16명의급성기뇌졸중환자를대상으로실험을진행하였다. 대상자는불투명한상자에서실험군과대조군이적혀있는동봉된봉투를 뽑아체간제한과결합된로봇보조상지훈련을시행하는실험군 (8명) 과로봇보조상지훈련을시행하는대조군 (8명) 으로무작위배정하였다. 중재전사전평가와중재후사후평가는 5 년이상의임상경력을가진동일한작업치료사가실시하였다. 실험에참가한모든대상자는일반적물리치료와작업치료를실시하였고, 전반적인연구절차는다음과같다 (Figure 2). 5. 분석방법본연구에서수집된자료는 SPSS ver (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) 통계프로그램을이용하여분석하였다. 중재전연구참여자의일반적특성은기술통계량을이용해평균과표준편차를제시하였고, 명목척도는카이제곱검정과순서척도는맨휘트니 (Mann-Whitney) U 검정을통해동질성검정을실시하였다. 군간비교를위해서맨휘트니 (Mann-Whitney) U 검정을이용하였고, 군간중재전후를비교하기위해서비모수검정방법인윌콕슨부호순위 (Wilcoxon Signed-ranks) 검정을이용하였고, 두군별중재전후변화량을비교하기위해맨휘트니 (Mann-Whitney) U 검정을이용하였다. 통계적유의수준 p 값은.05로하였다. Figure 1. (A) Experimental group (B) Control group Figure 2. Flowchart of the study process 초기뇌졸중환자에서체간제한과결합된로봇보조상지훈련의효과 : 무작위대조예비연구 29

4 NEUROTHERAPY NEUROTHERAPY 2017;21(3):27-33 Table 3. Results of between-group comparison in the change value of each parameter of subjects RAULT a +TR b group (n=8) RAULT group (n=8) FMA UE c (score) 18.62±2.55 d 14.19± (.001 * ) MFT e (score) 11.12± ± (.001 * ) K MBI f (score) 27.25± ± (.001 * ) a RAULT: Robot-Assisted Upper Limb Training, btr: Trunk Restraint group, c FMA-UE: Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity, d Mean±Standard deviation, e MFT: Manual Function Test, f K-MBI: Korean version of modified Barthel index, * p<.05 Z(P) III. 결과 1. 연구대상자의일반적특성본연구에참여한대상자는총 16명으로실험군 8명, 대조군 8 명이다. 실험군은남자 5명, 여자 3명이며, 손상측은왼쪽 3명, 오른쪽 5명으로평균연령은 61.86세이고, 유병기간은평균 18.91일이었다. 대조군은남자 6명, 여자 2명이며, 손상측은왼쪽 4명, 오른쪽 4명으로평균연령은 세이고, 유병기 Table 1. General characteristics of subjects Pre treatment Characteristics RAULT a +TR b group (n=8) RAULT group (n=8) χ 2 /z (P) Gender (male/female) 5/3 6/ (.49) Affected side (left/right) 3/5 4/4.291 (.69) Onset duration (day) 18.91±1.89 c 19.88± (.74) Age (year) 61.86±9.17 c 62.57± (.69) Body weight (kg) 62.93±9.75 c 63.91± (.84) MMSE K d (score) 25.86±2.77 c 25.71± (.48) a RAULT: Robot-Assisted Upper Limb Training, b TR: Trunk Restraint group, c Mean±Standard deviation, d MMSE-K: Mini-Mental State Examination-Korea, * p<.05 Table 2. Results of between-group and within-group comparison on FMA, MFT, K-MBI FMA UE c MFT e K MBI f RAULT a +TR b group (n=8) RAULT group (n=8) (score) Pre test 16.00±2.13 d 16.62± (.711) Post test 34.62± ± (.002 * ) z(p) (.012 * ) (.012 * ) (score) Pre test 13.12± ± (.183) Post test 24.25± ± (.003 * ) z(p) (.011 * ) (.012 * ) (score) Pre test 29.75± ± (.712) Post test 57.00± ± (.001 * ) z(p) (.012 * ) (.022 * ) a RAULT: Robot-Assisted Upper Limb Training, b TR: Trunk Restraint group, c FMA-UE: Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity, d Mean±Standard deviation, e MFT: Manual Function Test, f K-MBI: Korean version of modified Barthel index, * p<.05 Z(P) 30 The Effect of Robot-Assisted Upper Limb Training Combined with Trunk Restraint in Early Stroke Patients: Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

5 정경만, 정유진 간은평균 19.88일이었다. 중재전두군간일반적특성에대한동질성검증을실시한결과통계학적유의한차이가없었다 (p>.05)(table 1). 2. 두군간중재전 후상지기능, 일상생활활동수행능력수준비교두군에서중재전에측정된 FMA, MFT, K-MBI 점수들은동질성검사에서유의한차이가없었다 (p>.05)(table 2). 두군간중재후결과비교에서, 두집단모두에서측정된 FMA, MFT, K-MBI에서모두유의한차이가나타났다 (p<.05) (Table 2). 3. 두군간중재에따른상지기능, 일상생활활동수행능력변화량비교중재후두군간의상지기능 (FMA, MFT), 일상생활동작수행력 (K-MBI) 의변화량의결과비교에서, 체간제한과결합된로봇보조상지훈련군이로봇보조상지훈련군보다유의하게더큰차이값을갖는것으로나타났다 (p<.05)(table 3). IV. 고찰 본연구는목적은급성기뇌졸중환자를대상으로체간제한과결합된로봇보조상지훈련이상지기능, 일상생활동작수행능력에미치는효과를알아보기위한것이었다. 이를위해본연구에참여한급성기뇌졸중환자를대상으로실험군에는체간제한과결합된로봇보조상지훈련을, 대조군에는로봇보조상지훈련을 30분씩 1일 1회적용하였다. 본연구의결과체간제한과결합된로봇보조상지훈련이로봇보조상지훈련보다상지기능, 일상생활동작향상에더효과적인것으로나타났다. 따라서뇌졸중으로인한체간제한과결합된로봇보조상지훈련은상지기능과일상생활활동능력에효과성이입증되었다. 본연구에서는사용된체간제한과결합된로봇보조상지훈련프로그램은마비측상지를사용해서모니터에나오는과제를수행하는동안체간의보상운동을억제하여마비측상지가더많이사용될수있도록하였다. 22) 상지기능수준을알아보는 FMA와 MFT 검사상체간제한과결합된로봇보조상지훈련군은로봇보조상지훈련군보다더큰개선을보였다. Michaelsen 등 (2006) 22) 은뇌졸중환자를대상으로실험군에체간제한을겸한상지운동을적용한결과체간제한을하지않은대조군에비해기능과손상의정도가더개선됨을확인하였다. 이러한결과는체간이 제한됨으로상지운동시능동관절범위가증가하였기때문이라고하였다. Kim 등 (2015) 23) 은뇌졸중환자를대상으로로봇보조상지재활훈련을시행한실험군에서상지기능의신경학적회복및일상생활동작의호전에유의한변화를확인하였으며, 고강도훈련이효율적인치료를위해고려되어야한다고하였다. 본연구의중재에서도선행연구에서적용한로봇보조상지훈련과체간제한중재를결합하였고, 연구결과선행연구와유사한결과가나타났다. 본연구의결과는다음과같은신경학적요인에의해개선된것으로추측해볼수있는데, 첫째, 로봇보조재활훈련을통해환측의상지만을집중적으로훈련할수있어마비측상지의사용기회를증가시켰으며, 24) 둘째, 뇌손상후과제지향적인고강도반복훈련을통해대뇌피질수준에서의재조직화과정이촉진되어상지기능향상에기여할수있었다. 25) 셋째, 뇌졸중이후재활과정에서이뤄지는집중적인과제지향훈련은기능적향상으로이어질수있는중재방법의기초가된다. 26) 본연구의결과로체간제한과결합된로봇보조상지훈련이체간의보상작용을감소시켜환측상지를더사용함으로써상지기능이더향상된것으로생각된다. 뇌졸중환자는과도한보상작용, 강직, 근약화, 비마비측상지의사용으로마비측상지의사용빈도가감소되므로마비측상지기능이더욱감소하게된다. 27) 이러한요소는상지움직임시어깨관절근위부의굴곡시너지를유발해팔뻗기동작시주관절의가동성을제한시켜상지기능을제한하게된다. 특히상지의일상생활동작과관련해서어깨관절굴곡과주관절의신전각도는중요한요소가될수있으므로이러한동작을유도할수있는다양한훈련은중요하다고할수있다. 28) 본연구에서도, 실험군과대조군모두상지기능과일상생활활동수행능력이증가하였다. 그러나로봇보조훈련시체간을자연스럽게움직일수있도록한대조군에비해체간제한과결합된실험군의로봇보조훈련결과일상생활활동수행능력이더크게향상된것으로나타났다. 이는과도한체간보상움직임이상지의잠재적인사용기회를감소시키기때문에체간의움직임을제한시켜팔뻗기와주관절신전과같은상지의순수한움직임을유도할수있었기때문에일상생활활동수행능력이향상된것으로생각된다. 또한, 근력약화로중력에대항하여독립적인상지기능훈련이어려운환자에게상지로봇을사용하면, 팔의무게가로봇에의해지지되어중력에대한부담이줄어들면상지훈련시불수의적인굴곡시너지가감소로선택적인움직임이촉진되어상지기능이향상되었고, 추가적인체간움직임의제한은체간의보상작용을최소화시켜상지만을이용한노력이증가되었기때문인것으로생각된다. 그러나, 본연구의제한점으로는첫째, 연구의대상자의수가 16명으로뇌졸중환자전체에일반화하는것은어려움이 초기뇌졸중환자에서체간제한과결합된로봇보조상지훈련의효과 : 무작위대조예비연구 31

6 NEUROTHERAPY NEUROTHERAPY 2017;21(3):27-33 있지만, 예비연구로진행되었기때문에향후연구에서는연구대상자의표본크기를산출하여연구가진행되어야할것이다. 둘째, 장기간의추적관찰을통해중재이후에치료적효과의지속성을확인하지못하였다. 향후연구에서는이러한제한점을보완하여더많은연구가진행되어야할것으로생각된다. V. 결론 본연구는 16명의급성기뇌졸중환자를대상으로체간제한과결합된로봇보조상지훈련이상지기능과일상생활활동수행능력에미치는효과를알아보기위해실시되었다. 대상자들을실험군 8명과대조군 8명으로무작위배정후실험군은체간제한과결합된로봇보조상지훈련을실시하였고, 대조군은로봇보조상지훈련을실시하였다. 본연구의결과두군모두중재후상지기능을알아본 FMA, MFT와일상생활활동수행능력을알아본 K-MBI가향상되었지만, 변화량의차이에서는실험군이대조군에비해더큰향상을보였다. 따라서본연구의결과체간제한과결합된로봇보조상지훈련은급성기뇌졸중환자의상지기능과일상생활활동수행능력을개선하는데효과적임을확인하였다. 향후로봇보조상지훈련시효과적인중재방법으로사용될수있을것이다. References 1. Masiero S, Celia A, Rosati G, et al. Robotic-assisted rehabilitation of the upper limb after acute stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88(2): Luke C, Dodd KJ, Brock K. Outcomes of the Bobath concept on upper limb recovery following stroke. Clin Rehabil. 2004;18(8): Geddes JM, Fear J, Tennant A, et al. Prevalence of self reported stroke in a population in northern England. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1996;50(2): Hayward K, Barker R, Brauer S. Interventions to promote upper limb recovery in stroke survivors with severe paresis: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2010;32(24): Michaelsen SM, Dannenbaum R, Levin MF. Task-specific training with trunk restraint on arm recovery in stroke. Stroke. 2006;37(1): Sheng B, Lin M. A longitudinal study of functional magnetic resonance imaging in upper-limb hemiplegia after stroke treated with constraint-induced movement therapy. Brain inj. 2009;23(1): Mehrholz J, Platz T, Kugler J, et al. Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for improving arm function and activities of daily living after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;4(4):CD Sale P, Franceschini M, Mazzoleni, et al. Effects of upper limb robot-assisted therapy on motor recovery in subacute stroke patients. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2014;11(1): Jung YJ, Jung KM, Joo MC. Effects of Robot-Assisted upper limb training in patients with acute stroke: Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. KSOT. 2017;25(2): Joo MC, Park HI, Noh SE, et al. Effects of robot-assisted arm training in patients with subacute stroke. Brain & Neurorehabilitation. 2014;7(2): Cirstea MC, Ptito A, Levin MF. Arm reaching improvements with short-term practice depend on the severity of the motor deficit in stroke. Exp Brain Res. 2003;152(4): Michaelsen SM, Dannenbaum R, Levin MF. Task-specific training with trunk restraint on arm recovery in stroke: randomized control trial. Stroke. 2006;37(1): Cirstea MC, Levin MF. Compensatory strategies for reaching in stroke. Brain. 2000;123(5): Choudhary A, Gulati S, Kabra M, et al. Efficacy of modified constraint induced movement therapy in improving upper limb function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial. Brain Dev. 2013;35(9): Fugl-Meyer AR, Jääskö L, Leyman I, et al. The post-stroke hemiplegic patient. 1. a method for evaluation of physical performance. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1975;7(1): Duncan PW, Goldstein LB, Horner RD, et al. Similar motor recovery of upper and lower extremities after stroke. Stroke. 1994;25(6): Sanford J, Moreland J, Swanson LR, et al. Reliability of the Fugl-Meyer assessment for testing motor performance in patients following stroke. Phys Ther. 1993;73(7): Nakamura R, Moriyama S. Manual function test (MFT) and functional occupational therapy for stroke patients. Tokorozawa, Japan: National Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled Miyamoto S, Kondo T, Suzukamo Y, et al. Reliability and validity of the Manual Function Test in patients with stroke. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2009;88(3): The Effect of Robot-Assisted Upper Limb Training Combined with Trunk Restraint in Early Stroke Patients: Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

7 정경만, 정유진 20. Shah S, Vanclay F, Cooper B. Improving the sensitivity of the Barthel Index for stroke rehabilitation. J Clin Epidemiol. 1989;42(8): Granger CV, Albrecht GL, Hamilton BB. Outcome of comprehensive medical rehabilitation: measurement by PULSES profile and the Barthel Index. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1979;60(4): Michaelsen SM, Dannenbaum R, Levin MF. Task-specific training with trunk restraint on arm recovery in stroke: randomized control trial. Stroke. 2006;37(1): Kim JS, Park SW, Lee YS, et al. Clinical outcomes of robot-assisted arm rehabilitation in stroke patients. Brain & Neurorehabilitation. 2015;8(1): Reinkensmeyer DJ. Robotic assistance for upper extremity training after stroke. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2009;145: Taub E, Uswatte G, Pidikiti R. Constraint-Induced movement therapy: a new family of techniques with broad application to physical rehabilitation a clinical review. J Rehabil Res Dev. 1999;36(3): Duncan PW. Synthesis of intervention trials to improve motor recovery following stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil. 1997;3(4): Taub E, Crago J, Uswatte G. Constrainted-induced movement therapy: a new approach to treatment in physical rehabilitation. Rehabil Psychol. 1989; 43: Brunner IC, Skouen JS, Strand LI. Is modified constraint-induced movement therapy more effective than bimanual training in improving arm motor function in the subacute phase post stroke? A randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2012;26(12): 초기뇌졸중환자에서체간제한과결합된로봇보조상지훈련의효과 : 무작위대조예비연구 33

8

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

A 617

A 617 Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R

More information

<B0A3C3DFB0E828C0DBBEF7292E687770>

<B0A3C3DFB0E828C0DBBEF7292E687770> 초청연자특강 대구가톨릭의대의학통계학교실 Meta analysis ( 메타분석 ) 예1) The effect of interferon on development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection?? -:> 1998.1 ~2007.12.31 / RCT(2),

More information

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * Experiences of Af

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Experiences of Af Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.201-229 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.201 * Experiences of After-school Class Caring by Married Early Childhood

More information

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   3 * The Effect of H Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales

More information

기관고유연구사업결과보고

기관고유연구사업결과보고 기관고유연구사업결과보고 작성요령 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 1 2/3 2 1 0 2 3 52 0 31 83 12 6 3 21 593 404 304 1,301 4 3 1 8 159 191 116 466 6 11 (`1: (1: 16 33 44 106

More information

untitled

untitled Brain & NeuroRehabilitation Vol. 7, No. 2, September, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.12786/bn.2014.7.2.111 아급성기뇌졸중환자에서의상지재활로봇치료의효과 원광대학교의과대학재활의학교실주민철ㆍ박효인ㆍ노세응ㆍ김지희ㆍ김현준ㆍ장철환 Effects of Robot-assisted Arm Training

More information

(01) hwp

(01) hwp Journal of Life Science 2013 Vol. 23. No. 2. 157~166 ISSN (Print) 1225-9918 ISSN (Online) 2287-3406 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2013.23.2.157 α μ δ κ 158 생명과학회지 2013, Vol. 23. No. 2 Journal of

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

황지웅

황지웅 Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu 한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

<30372DB0ADC5C2BFEC2CBFC0B4F6BFF D E31332E687770>

<30372DB0ADC5C2BFEC2CBFC0B4F6BFF D E31332E687770> 특수교육재활과학연구 Journal of Special Education & Rehabilitation Science Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 135~151, 2011. 급성기뇌졸중환자들에대한상지및하지 순환식과제 - 지향훈련의효과비교 강태우 * ㆍ오덕원 ** < 요약 > 본연구는급성기상지위주의순환식과제-지향훈련과하지위주의순환식과제-지향훈련이뇌졸중환자의기능,

More information

16_이주용_155~163.hwp

16_이주용_155~163.hwp 사상체질의학회지 2008;20(2):155-163 J of Sasang Constitutional Medicine Vol. 20, No. 2, 2008:155-163 http://www.esasang.com 腦 梗 塞 으로 발생한 少 陽 人 半 身 舞 蹈 病 患 者 치험 1례 이주용 이한얼 한경수 안택원 Abstract 대전대학교 한의과대학 사상체질과 A Soyangin

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   : Researc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education

More information

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호 Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

27 2, 17-31, , * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** ( :

27 2, 17-31, , * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** ( : 27 2, 17-31, 2009. -, * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** (: dminkim@cau.ac.kr) 18 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. Ⅰ. (,,, 2004). (,, 2006).,,, (Myrick,

More information

레이아웃 1

레이아웃 1 Disability & Employment 2011. 8. 제21권 제3호(통권 72호) pp.209~238 장애인의 직업재활을 위한 자기표현력 향상에 관한 집단미술치료 사례연구 임혜숙 서울사회복지대학원대학교 사회복지학과 교수 요 약 본 연구에서는 장애인의 직업재활동기를 강화시키고 지속시키는데 필요한 자기표현력 향상을 위한 집단미술치료의 영향에 관하여 사례연구를

More information

J Korean Soc Phys Ther Vol.25, No.4, August 2013 The Journal of Korean Society of Physical Therapy plssn elssn X Original articles 가

J Korean Soc Phys Ther Vol.25, No.4, August 2013 The Journal of Korean Society of Physical Therapy plssn elssn X Original articles 가 J Korean Soc Phys Ther Vol.25, No.4, August 2013 The Journal of Korean Society of Physical Therapy plssn 1229-0475 elssn 2287-156X Original articles 가상현실을이용한조기로봇보조보행훈련이뇌졸중환자에미치는영향 이동순, 이경화, 강태우, 조성태 원광대학교병원재활의학과물리치료실

More information

* ** *** ****

* ** *** **** * ** *** **** - 47 - - 48 - - 49 - - 50 - - 51 - 구분범주빈도 ( 명 ) 비율 (%) 성별연령장애유형장애정도 남자 92 65.71 여자 48 34.28 3~6세 ( 학령전기 ) 70 50.00 7~10세 ( 학령기 ) 70 50.00 자폐성장애 53 37.85 지적장애 71 50.71 기타 16 11.42 경미한정도 31

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Effect of Paren

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   * The Effect of Paren Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.95-116 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.95 * The Effect of Parent Education Program Using Action Learning on Family

More information

72 순천향의과학 : 제14권 2호 2008 Fig.1. Key components of the rehabilitation evaluation of patients with the rheumatic diseases. The ICF provides a good frame

72 순천향의과학 : 제14권 2호 2008 Fig.1. Key components of the rehabilitation evaluation of patients with the rheumatic diseases. The ICF provides a good frame Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science 14(2) p.71~82 December 2008 71 류마티스 관절염의 재활치료 오 기 영 순천향 대학교 의과대학 재활의학교실 Rehabilitation Interventions for the Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis Ki-Young Oh Department

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

노영남

노영남 Purpose: Delayed massive hemorrhages from pseudoaneurysm rupture of the peripancreatic large arteries, after pancreaticoduodenectomy, are fatal. We reviewed the clinical course and outcome of bleeding

More information

A Study on the Relationships between Self-Differentiation and Adaptability Factors for Senior Dementia Patients Care Givers Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Welfare Graduate University Full-time Lecturer

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

歯제7권1호(최종편집).PDF

歯제7권1호(최종편집).PDF ********* (*, **, *** ).., 2002, 7, 1, 1-12. 2-5 80.,.,..,,... :,,. (naming).., (word finding), (lexical look- up), (lexical retrieval), (word recall) (Fried- Oken, 1987). (pause),,, (naming error) (Snyder

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on

More information

Effects of baseball expertise and stimulus speeds on coincidence-anticipation timing accuracy of batting Jong-Hwa Lee, Seok-Jin Kim, & Seon-Jin Kim* Seoul National University [Purpose] [Methods] [Results]

More information

Treatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy

Treatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy Treatment and Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy Chung-Ang University Hospital Chee Jeong Kim 7.2 5.3 6.4 5.6 7.3 5.5 1 1 2 3 4 10 11 7 34 49 122 123 1.0 - - 10. 2001 1998 1998 Improvement of postmenopausal

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of

More information

Rheu-suppl hwp

Rheu-suppl hwp Objective: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally

More information

( )Jkstro011.hwp

( )Jkstro011.hwp 비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy

More information

김범수

김범수 Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis

More information

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( )

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( ) :,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α=.83.91.,.,,..,,,.,. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ..,.,.,. Bandura(1997),.,,,,., (,,, 2009), (,,,, 2014).?.,,,.. Bandura (1995) (Resiliency

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: The Effect of Caree

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI:   The Effect of Caree Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.325-349 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.325 The Effect of Career Preparation Behavior Before and After Major Transitions

More information

( )Kju269.hwp

( )Kju269.hwp 만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Mediating Eff

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI:   * The Mediating Eff Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.159-177 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.159 * The Mediating Effects of Self-esteem on the Relationship between Social

More information

K O R E A C E N T E R S F O R D I S E A S E C O N T R O L & P R E V E N T I O N PHWR Vol. 5 No. 41 www.cdc.go.kr/phwr 2012 10 12 5 41 ISSN:2005-811X Comparison of drug-susceptibility test to the anti-tuberculosis

More information

00약제부봄호c03逞풚

00약제부봄호c03逞풚 경희대학교 동서신의학병원 약품 정보지 2 0 0 7. S P R I N G. V O L. 0 1 신약 소개 02 Journal Review 03 Special Subject 04 복약 지도 06 의약품 안전성 정보 07 약제부 알림 07 약제부 업무 소개 08 E A S T - W E S T N E O M E D I C A L C E N T E R 본 약품

More information

Àå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö

Àå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö Disability & Employment 55 Disability & Employment 56 57 Disability & Employment 58 59 Disability & Employment 60 61 Disability & Employment 62 63 Disability & Employment 64 65 Disability & Employment

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * Suggestions of Ways

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   * Suggestions of Ways Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.65-89 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.65 * Suggestions of Ways to Improve Teaching Practicum Based on the Experiences

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

Microsoft PowerPoint - 발표자료(KSSiS 2016)

Microsoft PowerPoint - 발표자료(KSSiS 2016) Sang Jun Kim, MD, PhD Application of 3D Printing in the Orthotic Fields Hallux Valgus, Charcot Marie Tooth, ADL Kit, Foot Insole, Wrist Pain, Foot Drop Development of Automated Program for Ankle Foot Orthosis

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 3~30 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2016. 01. 08 2016. 01. 09 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT

More information

Jkcs022(89-113).hwp

Jkcs022(89-113).hwp 대한배뇨장애 및 요실금 학회지 J. Korean Continence Society 2004;8:89-113 Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom 설문지의 한국어 번역 및 번역본의 언어 타당도 Seung-June Oh*, Hyung Geun Park*, Sung Hyun Paick, Won Hee Park and Myung-Soo

More information

Kbcs002.hwp

Kbcs002.hwp Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: A Study on the Opti

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI:   A Study on the Opti Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.127-148 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/11024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.127 A Study on the Optimization of Appropriate Hearing-impaired Curriculum Purpose:

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있 대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준

More information

1) 측두하악관절장애 (TMD) 환자에게초음파와근막이완술이측두하악관절및경부의기능적회복에미치는영향, 1 The Effect of Ultrasound and Myofascial Release on a Functional Recovery of Neck in Patients

1) 측두하악관절장애 (TMD) 환자에게초음파와근막이완술이측두하악관절및경부의기능적회복에미치는영향, 1 The Effect of Ultrasound and Myofascial Release on a Functional Recovery of Neck in Patients 1) 측두하악관절장애 (TMD) 환자에게초음파와근막이완술이측두하악관절및경부의기능적회복에미치는영향, 1 The Effect of Ultrasound and Myofascial Release on a Functional Recovery of Neck in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder Soo-jin Kim PT, Sang-wook

More information

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae

More information

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern

More information

Sheu HM, et al., British J Dermatol 1997; 136: Kao JS, et al., J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120:

Sheu HM, et al., British J Dermatol 1997; 136: Kao JS, et al., J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120: Sheu HM, et al., British J Dermatol 1997; 136:884-890 Kao JS, et al., J Invest Dermatol 03; 1:446-464 1 10 0 3 Day Normal MLE Lotion Lotion MLE Cream Cream 80 7 70 6 3 Day Normal MLE Lotion Lotion MLE

More information

Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅰ Ⅰ α < < < < < χ χ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅲ Ⅰ Bagozzi, R., & Dholakia, U. (2002). Intentional Social Action in Virtual Communities. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 16(2), 2-21. Borkovec, T. D. (1976).

More information

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3 27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,

More information

A Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and

More information

136 특수교육재활과학연구 ( 제 55 권제 2 호 ) Ⅰ. 서론 뇌졸중은뇌혈관의출혈및폐색에의한뇌혈류의이상으로인해발생되는신경학적증상으로, 우리나라의경우사망원인 1위인악성신생물중가장높은사망률을보이는폐암과간암보다도높은사망률을보이는질환이다 ( 통계청, 2011). 뇌졸중은시

136 특수교육재활과학연구 ( 제 55 권제 2 호 ) Ⅰ. 서론 뇌졸중은뇌혈관의출혈및폐색에의한뇌혈류의이상으로인해발생되는신경학적증상으로, 우리나라의경우사망원인 1위인악성신생물중가장높은사망률을보이는폐암과간암보다도높은사망률을보이는질환이다 ( 통계청, 2011). 뇌졸중은시 특수교육재활과학연구 Journal of Special Education & Rehabilitation Science Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 135~148, 2016. 과제지향적자세조절훈련이아급성기뇌졸중환자의 자세조절및균형과일상생활수행능력에미치는영향 강태우 * ㆍ김태윤 ** < 요약 > 본연구는과제지향적자세조절훈련이아급성기뇌졸중환자의자세조절및균형과일상생활수행능력에어떠한영향을미치는지알아보기위하여실시하였다.

More information

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770>

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770> 주요개념 : 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자, 성지식, 성태도 남자중학생의 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자와 비접촉자간의 성지식과 태도의 차이 김 영 혜* 이 화 자** 정 향 미*** 1. 연구의 필요성 한국은 I. 서 론 1960 년대 이후부터 시작된 돌진적 산업화 ( 한 상진, 1996) 로 인하여 경제적 부흥을 이루어 집집마다 TV 수상기를 가질 수 있게 되었고 최근에는 PC보급율

More information

<333920B0A8B0E6C0B12DB0E6B5B520C0CEC1F6BCD5BBF3C0BB20B0A1C1F820B3FAC1B9C1DF20C8AFC0DA2E687770>

<333920B0A8B0E6C0B12DB0E6B5B520C0CEC1F6BCD5BBF3C0BB20B0A1C1F820B3FAC1B9C1DF20C8AFC0DA2E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society Vol. 12, No. 12 pp. 5684-5691, 2011 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2011.12.12.5684 김훈주 1, 신중일 2, 감경윤 3* 1 동주대학작업치료과, 2 춘해보건대학작업치료과, 3 인제대학교의생명공학대학작업치료학과,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   3 * Effects of 9th Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   (NCS) Method of Con Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social

More information

(132~173)4단원-ok

(132~173)4단원-ok IV Q 134 135 136 1 10 ) 9 ) 8 ) 7 ) 6 ) 5 ) 4 ) 3 ) 2 ) 1 ) 0 100km 2 1. 1 2. 2 3. 1 2 137 138 139 140 1. 2. 141 Q 142 143 1 2 1. 1 2. 2 144 145 146 1. 2. 147 Q 148 149 150 151 1. 2. 152 100.0 weight 153

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: : A basic research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   : A basic research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.379-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.379 : A basic research for the after-school forest activities program models:

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: (LiD) - - * Way to

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   (LiD) - - * Way to Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.353-376 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.353 (LiD) -- * Way to Integrate Curriculum-Lesson-Evaluation using Learning-in-Depth

More information

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( :

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( : 27 2, 1-16, 2009. * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: jjhkim@cau.ac.kr) 2 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009 Ⅰ.,. 2008 3,536, 10 99.9% (, 2008). PC,, (, 2007). (, 2008),.,

More information

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006;

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006; ,,.. 400,,,,,,.,,, -, -, -., 3.. :, Tel : 010-9540-0640, E-mail : sunney05@hanmail.net ,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012).

More information

04_이근원_21~27.hwp

04_이근원_21~27.hwp 1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일

More information

<36355FB1E8B9CEBCF62DC7AABCC520C1F5C8C4B1BAC0CC20C0D6B4C220B3FAC1B9C1DF2E687770>

<36355FB1E8B9CEBCF62DC7AABCC520C1F5C8C4B1BAC0CC20C0D6B4C220B3FAC1B9C1DF2E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 17, No. 10 pp. 562-568, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2016.17.10.562 ISSN 1975-4701 / eissn 2288-4688 김민수원광대학병원재활의학과 Effect of Robot

More information

레이아웃 1

레이아웃 1 대한위장관기질종양연구회 01 GIST 06 02 11 03 Imatinib 14 04 05 06 07 Sunitinib 32 40 44 48 GIST 6 01 7 GIST Guide book GIST 8 01 9 GIST Guide book GIST (CT) MRI FDG-PET 10 02 11 GIST Guide book 12 02 (Imatinib)

More information

untitled

untitled Brain & NeuroRehabilitation Vol. 5, No. 1, March, 2012 뇌졸중후초기기능회복과운동유발전위및체성감각유발전위의연관성 건국대학교의학전문대학원재활의학교실, 1 경희늘푸른노인전문병원재활의학과김세원ㆍ김승범ㆍ이수영ㆍ고성은ㆍ이종민ㆍ이주영 1 Motor Evoked Potentials and Somatosensory Evoked Potentials

More information

<31362DC2F7C7F6B1D42CBFC0B4F6BFF82CC1B6C7F5BDC52CB1E2B0E6C0CF2CBDC9BCB1B9CC2CB9DAC7F6C1D D E687770>

<31362DC2F7C7F6B1D42CBFC0B4F6BFF82CC1B6C7F5BDC52CB1E2B0E6C0CF2CBDC9BCB1B9CC2CB9DAC7F6C1D D E687770> 특수교육재활과학연구 Journal of Special Education & Rehabilitation Science Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 313~326, 2012. 상지신경가동화기법이편마비환자의상지기능에 미치는효과 차현규 * ㆍ오덕원 ** ㆍ조혁신 *** ㆍ기경일 **** ㆍ심선미 ***** ㆍ박현주 ****** < 요약 > 본연구는상지신경가동화기법이뇌졸중환자의상지기능에미치는효과를평가하기위해실시되었다.

More information

[ 영어영문학 ] 제 55 권 4 호 (2010) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) Kyuchul Yoon, Ji-Yeon Oh & Sang-Cheol Ahn. Teaching English prosody through English poems with clon

[ 영어영문학 ] 제 55 권 4 호 (2010) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) Kyuchul Yoon, Ji-Yeon Oh & Sang-Cheol Ahn. Teaching English prosody through English poems with clon [ 영어영문학 ] 제 55 권 4 호 (2010) 775-794 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) Kyuchul Yoon, Ji-Yeon Oh & Sang-Cheol Ahn. Teaching English prosody through English poems with cloned native intonation. The purpose of this work is to

More information

<B9DABDC3BFEEBBF9C7DAB5E5BEC6BFF42E485750>

<B9DABDC3BFEEBBF9C7DAB5E5BEC6BFF42E485750> Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy 의이해 국립재활병원 박시운 뇌의가소성 (brain plasticity) 과재활 뇌를비롯한신경조직은한번손상을입으면다시회복될수없다는것이근래까지신경 학의결론이었다. 따라서뇌졸중같은영구적인뇌손상을초래하는질환에대해서는회복에대 한연구도비교적활발하지못한편이었다. 그러나약 10-20년전부터손상된신경조직의재생

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: * Review of Research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Review of Research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.79-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.79 * Review of Research Trends on Curriculum for Students with Severe and multiple

More information

WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성 ( 황수경 ) ꌙ 127 노동정책연구 제 4 권제 2 호 pp.127~148 c 한국노동연구원 WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성황수경 *, (disabi

WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성 ( 황수경 ) ꌙ 127 노동정책연구 제 4 권제 2 호 pp.127~148 c 한국노동연구원 WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성황수경 *, (disabi WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성 ( 황수경 ) ꌙ 127 노동정책연구 2004. 제 4 권제 2 호 pp.127~148 c 한국노동연구원 WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성황수경 *, (disability)..,,. (WHO) 2001 ICF. ICF,.,.,,. (disability)

More information

RAPAEL Catalogue_Kor

RAPAEL Catalogue_Kor RAPAEL Smart Rehabilitation concept Intensive Repetitive Task-oriented Learning Schedule Algorithm for rehabilitation Individualized adaptive training RAPAEL 스마트 재활 솔루션은 중추신경계질환 환자들의 재활을 돕기 위해 개발되었습니다.

More information

노인정신의학회보14-1호

노인정신의학회보14-1호 제14권 1호 통권 제23호 www.kagp.or.kr 발행인 : 정인과 / 편집인 : 이동우 / 발행처 : 정인과 (152-703) 서울특별시 구로구 구로동 80번지 고려대학교 구로병원 정신과 / TEL : 02-818-6608 / FAX : 02-852-1937 발행일 : 2008년 4월 30일 / 제 작 : (주)엠엘커뮤니케이션 140-846 서울특별시

More information

서론

서론 - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - -

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

05-08 087ÀÌÁÖÈñ.hwp

05-08 087ÀÌÁÖÈñ.hwp 산별교섭에 대한 평가 및 만족도의 영향요인 분석(이주희) ꌙ 87 노 동 정 책 연 구 2005. 제5권 제2호 pp. 87118 c 한 국 노 동 연 구 원 산별교섭에 대한 평가 및 만족도의 영향요인 분석: 보건의료노조의 사례 이주희 * 2004,,,.. 1990. : 2005 4 7, :4 7, :6 10 * (jlee@ewha.ac.kr) 88 ꌙ 노동정책연구

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI: IPA * Analysis of Perc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI:   IPA * Analysis of Perc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp.45-72 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.2.201806.45 IPA * Analysis of Perception and Needs on Teaching Competencies of Faculty

More information

<B4EBC7D1C7D1B9E6B3BBB0FAC7D0C8B8C1F633372D342832C2F7B1B3C1A4292E687770>

<B4EBC7D1C7D1B9E6B3BBB0FAC7D0C8B8C1F633372D342832C2F7B1B3C1A4292E687770> 대한한방내과학회지제 37 권 4 호 (2016 년 9 월 ) J. Int. Korean Med. 2016;37(4):645-652 http://dx.doi.org/10.22246/jikm.2016.37.4.645 뇌졸중환자에서한양방협진과양방단독재활치료의기능회복비교 김민수 1, 윤종민 2 1 원광대학병원재활의학과, 2 원광대학교한의과대학내과학교실 Comparison

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information