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1 한국 GRE 년 7월

2 Dictionary Microsoft Bookshelf - NEWACE English-Korean Dictionary, 2nd Edition - American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 3rd Edition - 그 외 잡다한 인터넷 검색 Update History ver 한국 GRE 4.0 으 로 작성 ver 한국 GRE 4.5 update 반영 ver KOREA GRE Fifth Edition 반영 ver Revised and Modified through proofreading ver 표 제어 추 가 및 英 英 풀 이를 표 제어 위주 로 수 정 ver GRE Verbal Rainbow Bible 0801 version 반영 ver 기출 대전 v. 2.0 Antonym 반영 ( ) (hgycap@hotmail.com님) ver ?????????? ver 발음 기호 추 가 및 통 지1.1(1.1.4) 반영 ( ) ver. 5.5 수 정판 2006, 2007년 후 기 추 가, 오 류 수 정, 주 석 등 추 가 ( ) ver 년 6월분 까지 후 기 추 가, 오 류 수 정, 발음 기호 보 강 ( ) Copyright c , mkwind_force@hotmail.com Copyleft , 코 리안영영() Some Rights Reserved. 2

3 A abacus [ǽbəkəs] n. 주판 abacus : calculate :: balance : weigh 주판:계산하다::저울:무게를재다 abacus : calculate :: sextant : navigate ::육분의:항해하다 abacus : calculated :: balance : weighted 주판:계산된::저울:무게를단 abacus : calculator :: quill : pen (종류 (중에서 구식인 것)) quill : 깃털펜 abandon [əbǽndən] n. 방종, DESERT, FORSAKE(저버리다,버 리다. 예; They made a bargain that they would not forsake each other.) : a complete surrender of inhibitions abandon : inhibition :: hideboundness : innovation (A lack B) abandon : inhibition :: despair : hope (반대) 내비둠:금지::절망:희망 abandon : inhibition :: agitation : tranquility(반대) 격앙:고요 abandon : inhibition :: volubility : terseness :: voluble : terse :: calmness : frenzy abandon : inhibition :: consciousness : numbness 의식:마비 abandon salvage abandon restrain abase [əbéis] v.t. (품위, 지위) 떨어뜨리다 : DEGRADE to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem abase : force :: taper : width (A는 B를 줄이다) abase : strength :: taper : width (A는 B를 줄이다) abase : stature :: lower : height abase : status :: shorten : length :: shorten : height stature 신장, 키; 품위, 재능 status 지위, 신분; 높은 지위; (사물의) 상태, 정세 abase : prestige :: damp : ardor prestige 위신, 명성, 신망, 위세, 세력 damp 축축하게 하다; 불을 끄다; 의기소침하게 하다 ardor 열정 curtail : duration :: abase : strength abase extol abash [əbǽʃ] v.t. 당황하게 하다 : DISCONCERT to destroy the self-possession or selfconfidence of unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded : announcement abash = embarrass, herald = announce embolden abash, faze, cow embolden to foster boldness or courage in; encourage faze to disrupt the composure of; disconcert abate [əbéit] v. (정도, 기세, 세기, 수량) 감소시키다 1. to reduce in amount, degree, or intensity; lessen 2. to deduct from an amount; subtract 예 ; Although their initial anger had abated somewhat, they continued to berate the careless worker who had broken the machine. * unabated 줄어들지 않는 abate : tax :: alleviate : distress alleviate to make (pain, for example) more bearable abate : degree :: discount : price :: fade : loudness :: decelerate : speed :: shrink : size :: chill : temperature (A는 B(대상)를 ) abate : force :: attenuate : thickness attenuate 줄이다, 감소시키다 abate : intensity, strength :: taper : width :: fade : loudness :: decelerate : speed taper 끝이 뾰족하게 되다; 점점 줄어들다 abatement : intensity :: deceleration : speed thin : density, intensity :: abate : length abate : length :: dilute : concentration (A는 B(대상)를 ) abate : value :: constrict : diameter abate : status :: shorten : height abate intensify, promote, increase in intensity, augments, strengthen unabated palliated, allayed, mitigated abbreviate [əbríːvièit] v.t. 생략하다, 단축하다 : to reduce (a word or phrase) to a shorter form intended to represent the full form * abbreviation [줄이는 행동, 줄여진 상태 모두를 나타냄] 1. the act or product of shortening 2. a shortened form of a word or phrase used chiefly in writing to represent the complete form abbreviate : sentence :: abridge : essay downgrade : quality :: abbreviate : sentence abbreviation : sentence :: abridgment : essay abbreviation : sentence :: synopsis : narrative (A = B를 줄인 것) synopsis 개요 narrative 이야기, 담화 abbreviation : word :: abridgment : article abbreviation : word :: synopsis : article : synopsis : narrative abbreviate : length :: attenuate : thickness :: sap : vigor abbreviate : letter :: abridge : word abbreviate extend, protract abdicate [ǽbdikèit] v. 퇴위하다 : to renounce a throne, high office, dignity, or function recant : belief :: abdicate : throne recant 철회하다, 부인하다 abdicate : throne :: resign : office abdicate constitute constitute 구성하다; 임명하다; 설치, 제정하다 abdicate assume assume 당연하게 생각하다, 가정하다; 떠맡다, 인수하다; (태도를) 취 하다 abdicate usurp usurp 강탈하다, 횡령하다 aberrant [əbérənt, ǽbər- ] a. 비정상적인, 이상한 : ATYPICAL deviating from the proper or expected course aberration : course :: digression : theme aberrant : standard :: digressive : topic aberrant typical, normal, conventional (relevant는 오답) abet [əbét] v.t. 자극하다 1. to approve(인정), encourage(격려), and support(지지) (an action or a plan of action); urge and help on 2. to urge, encourage, or help (a person) abet : assistance :: counsel : guidance (A = B를 하다, 동 : 명) abet : encouragement :: elucidate : clarity (A하는 목적 = B) elucidate to make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify abet : assistance :: counsel : guidance abet thwart, impede, stymie, frustrate, obstruct, forestall, hinder, hamper stymie 방해하다, 좌절시키다 예; Companies have been stymied by the length of time it takes to reach an agreement. forestall 미연에 방지하다, 선수를 치다; (상품을) 매점하다 abeyance [əbéiəns] n. (일시적) 중지 : SUSPENSION temporary inactivity abeyance continuance, fulfillment abhor [æbhɔ ːr] v.t. 혐오하다 : LOATHE to regard with extreme repugnance abhorrence : dislike :: adoration : fondness (A >> B) abhor greatly admire abiding [əbáidiŋ] a. 지속적인, 불변의 3

4 : ENDURING, CONTINUING lasting for a long time; enduring abiding evanescent, ephemeral, transient miscreant law-abiding individual miscreant [mískriənt] a.사악한, 타락한, n.악한 abject [ǽbdʒekt, -- ] a. SERVILE, SPIRITLESS 1. brought low in condition or status 의기소침한 2. being of the most contemptible kind 비열한 3. being of the most miserable kind 비참한 abject exultant, spirited, exciting exultant 기뻐 날뛰는, 환희하는 marked by great joy or jubilation; triumphant abjure [æbdʒúər / əb-] v.t. (맹세하고) 신앙, 주의를 저버리다 1. to renounce under oath; forswear 2. to recant solemnly; repudiate 3. to give up (an action or practice, for example) abjure : reject :: abjure embrace, espouse, affirm abnegate [ǽbnigèit] v.t. (권리, 소신) 등을 포기하다 : SURRENDER, RELINQUISH abnegate reaffirm abolition [æ bəlíʃən] 폐지, 박멸; (A-) 노예제도의 폐지 1. the act of doing away with or the state of being done away with; annulment 2. abolishment of slavery * abolish [əbáli ] v. 없애다, 폐지하다 1. to do away with; annul 2. to destroy completely abolish establish anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery (A break B) abolition persistence in slavery abolitionism [æ bəlíʃənìzəm] n. 노예제도 폐지론 anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery (A = B에 반대하는 사 람) abominate [əbɑḿənèit / əbɔḿ-] v. 몹시 싫어하다 : to detest thoroughly; abhor abominate esteem aboveboard [əbʌ vbɔ ːrd] a. 공명정대한 : in a straightforward manner surreptitious barefaced, aboveboard surreptitious 몰래, 비밀리의; 부정한 chicanery aboveboard action chicanery 얼버무리기, 발뺌, 핑계 deception by trickery or sophistry; a trick abrasion [əbréiʒən] n. 마찰, 마모 * abrade [əbréid] v. 마멸시키다, 깎아내다, 마모시키다 1. to wear down or rub away by friction; erode 2. to make weary through constant irritation; wear down spiritually abrade augment abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration (B cause A) desiccate 건조시키다, 건조시켜 보관하다; 기운 없게 만들다 abraded : friction :: vaporized : heat scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization (A lead to B) scuff 발로 문지르다, 비비다 lubricate : abrasion :: seal : leakage (A prevent B) lubricate 기름을 치다, 미끄럽게 하다 abrasion : stroke :: boil : heat abrade augment abridge [əbrídʒ] v.t. 요약하다, (기간, 범위 등을) 단축하다 : CONDENSE 1. to reduce the length of (a written text); condense 2. to cut short; curtail abbreviate : sentence :: abridge : essay abbreviation : word :: abridgment : article abridge : sentence :: abbreviation : word abridge : duration :: truncate : length (A는 그 대상인 B를 약화시킴) abridge : length :: attenuate : thickness (A는 그 대상 B를 약화시킴) abridge : length :: dilute : concentration (A는 그 대상 B를 약화시킴) abridge : length :: enervate : energy (A는 그 대상인 B를 약화시킴) abridge : length :: abase : prestige (A는 그 대상인 B를 약화시킴) prestige 명성, 신망 abridge extend in length, amplify, protract protract; to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong abridgement extension, complete sentence, expansion, sufficiency, enlargement condensed unabridged abrogate [ǽbrəgèit] v. (법령 등을) 폐지하다 : ANNUL, to abolish by authoritative action abrogate uphold, embrace, institute abscission [æbsíʒən, -ʃən] n. 절단 : REMOVAL, the act or process of cutting off abscission process of grafting graft 접붙이다, 이식하다, 접합하다 abscond [æbskánd / -skɔńd] v. 몰래 도망가다 :to depart secretly and hide oneself abscond : depart, leave :: pilfer, steal : take :: conspire : plan :: lurk : wait (DEFECTIVE) pilfer to steal (a small amount or item) abscond : depart :: eavesdrop : listen :: shadow : follow :: secrete : store follow : shadow :: leave : abscond :: plot : scheme abscond : depart :: lurk : wait lurk 숨다, 잠복하다; 잠행하다, 살금살금 걷다 lurk : wait :: purloin : appropriate (purloin과 appropriate는 둘 다 defective일 수 있으므로 상황에 따라서 되기도 하고 안되기도 함) purloin [pə:rlɔín] to steal, often in a violation of trust appropriate; 사용하다; 돌려쓰다, 충당하다 absolute [ǽbsəlùːt] a. 무제한의 1. perfect in quality or nature; complete 2. not mixed; pure 3. a. not limited by restriction or exceptions; unconditional b. unqualified in extent or degree; total 4. unconstrained by constitutional or other provisions absolute qualified qualified 자질/능력 있는; 조건부의 absolve [æbzɑĺv, -sɑĺv / -zɔĺv] v.t. 사면하다, 면제하다 1. to pronounce clear of guilt or blame 용서하다, 사면하다 2. to relieve of a requirement or an obligation 면제하다 exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir (형 : 동) exculpate to clear of guilt or blame hortative : encourage :: exculpatory : absolve hortative, hortatory 격려의, 충고의 marked by strong urging absolve inculpate, indict, sentence inculpate = incriminate 고소하다, 죄를 부과하다; 뒤집어씌우다 indict 비난하다, 공격하다; 기소/고발하다 absorb [æbsɔ ːrb, -zɔ ːrb] v.t. 흡수하다; 열중케 하다 1. to take (something) in through or as through pores or interstices 2. to occupy the full attention, interest, or time of; engross absorb : sponge :: seal : caulk absorb dissipate, exude, reflect exude (땀 등이) 스며/배어 나오다 abstain [æbstéin] vi. 절제하다, 기권하다 4

5 : to refrain deliberately and often with an effort of selfdenial from an action or practice mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain (A require B) mandatory 명령의; 의무적인, 강제적인, 직권으로 명령된 abstain partake partake 참가하다 abstemious [æbstíːmiəs] a. 절제하는 : marked by restraint especially in the consumption of food or alcohol abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate (OPPOSITE, 형 : 동) austere 진지한, 근엄한, 금욕적인, 간결한 abstemious : indulge :: intransigent : control intransigent 완고한, 타협하지 않는 reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge reticent 과묵한, 말이 적은; 삼가는, 억제된 gorge 게걸스럽게 먹다; 꽉 채우다 cf. gorgeous 화려한, 호화로운; 멋진, 훌륭한 abstinent indulging, intemperate, gluttonous, voracious glutton 대식가; 열중하는 사람 gluttonous 게걸이 든, 대식하는; 탐욕스러운 abstinence [ǽbstənəns] n. 절제; 금주 1. the act or practice of refraining from indulging an appetite, as for food 2. abstention from alcoholic beverages abstinence : drunkenness :: celibacy : promiscuity celibacy 독신; 금욕 생활 promiscuity 혼란, 뒤범벅; 난잡한 성교 abstract [æbstrǽkt] 제거하다, 분리하다; 발췌하다(epitomize), 요약하다; 주의를 딴 곳으로 돌리다 : to draw away the attention of abstract elaborate elaborate to express at greater length or in greater detail abstract attention abstraction [æbstræk :ən] 방심, 추상 1. a. the act or process of abstracting or the state of having been abstracted b. an abstract concept, idea, or term c. an abstract quality 2. preoccupation; absent-mindedness 3. an abstract work of art abstraction attention abstruse [æbstrúːs] a. 난해한 : RECONDITE difficult to comprehend abstruse : comprehension :: indiscernible : vision (A는 B하기 힘든) abstruse : comprehend :: faint : perceive (A는 B하기 힘든) abstruse accessible, explicit, patent, manifest, obvious patent 특허의, 특허에 관한; 명백한(obvious, plain) abuse [əbjúːs] / [əbjúːz] v. 비난하다 : REVILE 1. to use wrongly or improperly; misuse 2. to hurt or injure by maltreatment; ill-use 3. to assail with contemptuous, coarse, or insulting words diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery diatribe 통렬한 비난, 혹평 burlesque 풍자, 해학 polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive (명 : 형) polemic 반론, 논쟁 invective 독설, 욕설, 비난 declamation : grandiloquence :: diatribe : abuse (EQUAL) declamation 웅변술; 극적 효과를 노린 연설, 문장 grandiloquence 호언장담, 허풍 pompous or bombastic speech or expression diatribe a bitter, abusive denunciation : to touch along a border or with a projecting part contiguous : abut :: simultaneous : coincide (형 : 동) abysmal [əbízməl] a. 깊이를 알 수 없는, 심오한, 천길 나락의 stygian : dark :: abysmal : low (A >> B) Stygian (stygian) 삼도(Styx)천의, 지옥의 강의 / 어두운 accede [æksíːd] v. 동의하다 1. to give one's consent, often at the insistence of nother; concede 2. to arrive at or come into an office or dignity 3. to become a party to an agreement or treaty accede demur, dissent, oppose demur 반대하다 to voice opposition; object dissent v.i. 의견이 다르다, 이의를 주장하다 accelerate [æksélərèit] v. 가속하다, 촉진시키다 expedite : process :: accelerate : pace expedite 재촉하다, 촉진하다; 신속히 처리하다; 파견하다 accelerate : speed :: prolong : duration (B는 A의 대상) accelerate : speed :: expand : size (B는 A의 대상) accelerate : velocity :: prolong : duration :: crescendo : loudness :: expedite : process accelerate retard accentuate [ækséntʃuèit] v. 강조하다; 악센트를 주어 발음하다; 악센트 표시를 하다 accentuate underplay underplay 소극적으로 연기하다 accessible [æksésəbəl] a. 접근하기 쉬운, 이해하기 쉬운 capable of being understood or appreciated 1. easily approached or entered 접근하기 쉬운 2. easily obtained 쉽게 얻을 수 있는 3. easy to talk to or get along with 사귀기 쉬운, 함께 하기 쉬운 4. easily swayed or influenced 귀가 얇은 accessible : approach :: irascible : enrage (A하면 B하기 쉽다) abstruse accessible, patent accessory [æksésəri] n, a. 부속물, 부가적인 : ADJUNCT 1. a subordinate or supplementary item; an adjunct 2. something nonessential but desirable that contributes to an effect or result accessory of primarily importance accidental [æ ksidéntl] a. 우연한 : occurring unexpectedly or by chance inventiveness : accidental :: effect : casual (OPPOSITE) casual 우연한, 무심결의, 무관심한 safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss (A = B로부터 보호) hedge 울타리; 장애물, 장벽 intentional : accidental :: arrogant : humble (OPPOSITE) acclaim [əkléim] v. ~에게 갈채하다, 찬양하다, 큰 소리로 부르다 acclaim berate, disapprove, denounce, vituperate acclimate [æ klə mèit, əkláimit] v.t. 순응시키다 : to adapt to a new temperature, altitude, climate, environment, or situation; adapt adapt to make suitable to or fit for a specific use or situation acclimate become unaccustomed, disaccustom, make unfamiliar with, make unaccustomed (to) acclimated unaccustomed accolade [ǽkəlèid] n. 기사 작위 수여(식); 칭찬, 영예 v. to praise or honor abut [əbʌ t] v. 인접하다 5

6 accolade : praise :: blandishment : cajole (속성) accolade : praise :: castigation : rebuke (속성) rebuke 비난(하다), 질책(하다) accolade excoriating remark, cutting remark excoriate 껍질을 벗기다; 비난하다 accolade castigation, criticism, censure, disapprobation, denigration, denunciation, reproof, reprobation, swearword denigrate 더럽히다; 모욕하다, (명예 등을) 훼손하다 swearword 저주, 욕설의 말 accolade derogate, speak ill, excoriate derogate (가치, 명예 등을) 떨어뜨리다, 훼손하다; 타락하다 deplore accolade, extol deplore 반대하다; 개탄하다 accommodate [əkɑḿədèit / əkɔ m-] v. 편의를 도모하다, 공급 하다; 숙박시키다; 조절하다; 적응시키다 1. to do a favor or service for; oblige 2. to provide for; supply with 3. to hold comfortably without crowding 4. to make suitable; adapt 5. to allow for; consider 6. to settle; reconcile accommodate : supply :: obliterate : remove (A=B 혹은 A >> B) obliterate 지우다, 말살하다 accomplice [əkɑḿplis / əkʌḿ-] n. 공범자 one who aids or abets a lawbreaker in a criminal act, either as a principal or an accessory accost [əkɔ (ː)st, əkɑśt] v.t. 다가가 말 걸다 : to approach and speak to often in a aggressive, hostile, or sexually suggestive manner accost : approach :: importune : request (A >> B) importune 성가시게 조르다; 괴롭히다 accountability [əkàuntəbíləti] n. 책임 accountable 1. liable to being called to account; answerable 책임이 있는 2. that can be explained 설명할 수 있는 an accountable phenomenon accrete [əkríːt] v. 서서히 늘리다 : ACCUMULATE : to make larger or greater, as by increased growth accretion a. growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion b. something added externally to promote such growth or increase accrete : growth :: erode : destruction accrete : grow :: inch : advance (A << B) inch to move or cause to move slowly or by small degrees accrete wear away accretion reduction in substance caused by erosion accrue [əkrú:] v. (이익 등을) 획득, 축적하다 accrue decrease, lose, scatter, dwindle, erode accumulate [əkjúːmjəlèit] v. 모으다, 축적하다 : AMASS : to gather or pile up especially little by little accumulate dissipate accumulation dissipation accuse [əkjúːz] v. 비난하다 : BLAME 1. to charge with a shortcoming or an error 2. to charge formally with a wrongdoing acerbic [əsə ːrbik] a. 신맛의, 신랄한 : sour or bitter, as in taste, character, or tone acerbic sweet, saccharine saccharine [sǽkərì:n] 달콤한; 정중한; 지나치게 감상적인 acerbity saccharine achromatic [æ krəmǽtik] a. 무색의 : designating color perceived to have zero saturation and therefore no hue, such as neutral grays, white, or black hue 색조; 특색, 경향 1. the property of colors by which they can be perceived as ranging from red through yellow, green, and blue, as determined by the dominant wavelength of the light 2. a particular gradation of color; a shade or tint 3. color 4. appearance; aspect achromatic : hue :: transitory : permanence (A lack B) achromatic : hue :: extraneous : essence (A lack B) acid [æsid] n. 산 adj. 신 맛이 나는, 매서운, 신랄한 1. a substance having a sour taste 2. the quality of being sarcastic, bitter, or scornful acid savory acme [ǽkmi] n. 절정, 정점 : APEX, CULMINATION, ZENITH acme : surpass :: impossibility : execute (B할 수 없는 상태 = A) surpass 능가하다, 초월하다 acme : mountain :: crest : wave (A = B의 정점, 꼭대기) vagary : predict :: acme : surpass (A면 B하기 힘들다) vagary 엉뚱한 짓, 변덕 an extravagant or erratic notion or action acme nadir acoustic [ekú:stik] a. 청각의, 소리의 acoustic : sound :: optical : light (autumnal : season, aquatic : wave는 오답) acquiesce [æ kwiés] v. 마지못해 따르다 : to accept, comply, or submit tacitly or passively intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend intransigent 완고한, 타협하지 않는 deferential 정중한, 공손한 acquiesce defy, resist, refute defy 대항하다, 맞서다; 저항하다 refute 반박하다; 잘못을 증명하다 acquisition [æ kwəzíʃən] n. 획득, 취득물 divestiture acquisition divest (옷 등을) 벗기다; (권리 등을) 박탈하다 acquit [əkwít] v.t. 무죄 방면하다 1. (law) to free or clear from a charge or accusation 무죄로 하 다, 석방하다 2. to release or discharge from a duty (의무 등을) 면제하다 acre [éikər] n. 에이커 [면적의 단위]; 대량, 다량 ream : paper :: acre : land :: volt : electricity :: quart : liquid acrid [ǽkrid] a. 신랄한, 얼얼한 : IRRITATING 1. unpleasantly sharp, pungent, or bitter to the taste or smell 2. caustic in language or tone acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile (A lack B) grating, strident : sound :: acrid : odor strident 귀에 거슬리는, 삐걱거리는 acrid : odor :: grating, piercing : sound acrid gentle, savory savory 입맛 당기는; 자극적인 맛이 나는, 톡 쏘는; 기분 좋은, 안락 한 acrimonious [æ krəmóuniəs] a. 통렬한, 신랄한 : caustic, biting, or rancorous especially in feeling, language, or manner 6

7 uninformative : knowledge :: acrimonious : goodwill (LACK) acrimonious harmonious acumen [əkjúːmən, ǽkjə-] n. 예리함, 통찰 : quickness, accuracy, and keenness of judgment or insight alacrity : prompt :: acumen : shrewd (EQUAL, 명 : 형) shrewd 빈틈없는, 날카로운, 현명한 acumen obtuseness, bluntness, lack of discernment blunt 뭉툭한, 무뚝뚝한, 멍청한, 무감각한 acute [əkjúːt] a. 날카로운, 통찰력 있는, 민감한, 급성의 perspicacity : acute :: caprice : whimsical perspicacity 명민(acuteness); 통찰력(penetration) acute imperceptive, insignificant, trivial, stupid, unintelligent, fatuous fatuous 어리석은, 어수룩한; 비현실적인 acute mild acute inveterate ad hoc [æd-hɑḱ, -hóuk] adj. 임시 변통의 adv. for the specific purpose, case, or situation at hand and for no other adj. 1. formed for or concerned with one specific purpose 특별한 목적을 위한 2. improvised and often impromptu 임시변통의 adage [ǽdidʒ] n. 금언, 격언, 속담 : a saying that sets forth a general truth and that has gained credit through long use adamant [ǽdəmənt, -mæǹt] n. 비길 데 없이 견고한 것 a. 완 고한, 단호한: UNYIELDING : unshakable or immovable especially in opposition adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control refractory 다루기 어려운, 고집 센; 난치의 obstinately resistant to authority or control impossible : execute :: adamant : move adamant : moved :: intractable : led :: incorrigible : reformed adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble (A = B하지 않는) gamble 투기, 모험; 도박 adamant : yield :: slothful : assiduity (A = B 속성이 없는) adamant easily changing mind adamant vacillatory, moved, inclined to yield, flexible, irresolute, pliable, yielding, easily swayed, pliant, tractable, vacillant vacillatory; inclined to waver; irresolute adapt [ədǽpt] v.t. 적응시키다, 개작하다 : to make suitable to or fit for a specific use or situation You must adapt method to circumstances. 방법을 상황에 적 합시켜야 한다. adapt oneself to circumstances 환경에 순응하다;융통성 있게 행동하다 adapt remain unchanged adapted unchanged adaptable unchangeable addendum [ədéndəm] n. 부록 : something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book addendum : document :: postscript : letter addict [ǽdikt] v.t. 몰두시키다; 마약 중독이 되게 하다 1. to devote or give (oneself) habitually or compulsively 2. to cause to become compulsively and physiologically dependent on a habit-forming substance disabuse : error :: rehabilitate : addiction (A = B에서 벗어나다) addicted [ədíktid] a. 탐닉하는, 중독된 addict; to devote or surrender (oneself) to something habitually or obsessively inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency (A = B를 가지고 있는) inure 익숙하게 하다, 단련하다 adept [ədépt] /[ǽdept] adj. 능숙한, 숙달된 n. 숙련자, 노련가 : very skilled complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit (OPPOSITE) complaisance 친절; 정중 the inclination to comply willingly with the wishes of others; amiability adept bungling, clumsy, inept bungle 어설픈 짓을 하다, 실수하다 to work or act ineptly or inefficiently adhere [ædhíər əd-] v. 들러붙다, 부착하다; 충실하다, 추종하다 1. to stick fast by or as if by suction or glue 2. to be a devoted follower or supporter 3. to carry out a plan, a scheme, or an operation without deviation adhere detach adherent [ædhíərənt] n. 신봉자 : a believer in or advocate especially of a particular idea or church adherent dissenter, forerunner dissenter (체제 등에의) 반대자; 반-국교주의자 forerunner 선인, 선조; 선구자 adhesive [ædhíːsiv, -ziv] n. 접착제, 반창고 adhesive : bind :: compass : orient compass [kʌḿpəs] 나침반 (방향을 알려줌) etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive etch 에칭을 하다, 새겨 넣다; 강한 인상을 남기다 adhesive nonviscous adjourn [ədʒə ːrn] vi. (회의 등을) 연기/휴회하다 convoke adjourn adjudicate [ədʒúdəkeit] v. 판결을 내리다; (분쟁 등을) 조정하다 1. (law) to hear and settle (a case) by judicial procedure 2. to study and settle (a dispute or controversy) adjudicator [ədʒúːdikèitər] n. 법관 one that act as judge adjunct [ǽdʒʌŋkt] n. 부가물, 부속물 something joined or added to another thing but not essentially a part of it adjunct essential element ad-lib [ædlíb, - -] n. 즉흥적인 것 : something spoken, composed, or performed without preparation ad-lib : impromptu :: side, aside : divergent (명 : 형, 속성) aside; adv. 곁에, 떨어져서 n. 방백; 탈선, 여담 ad-lib : impromptu :: barb : caustic admire [ədmáiər] v. 감탄/탄복하다; 존경하다 1. to regard with pleasure, wonder, and approval 2. to have a high opinion of; esteem or respect 존경하다 adulate : admire = squander : spend (A >> B, A는 부정적 의미) paltry : covert :: despicable : admire defer : leader :: admire : hero disparaging : contempt :: estimable : admire emulate : exemplar :: admire : paragon abhor greatly admire admission [ædmíʃən, əd-] n. 입장, 허가 lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission (로또복권은 추첨 방식, 표는 입장 방식) admonish [ædmɑńiʃ, əd- / -mɔń-] v. 타이르다, 경고하다 : to express warning or disapproval to especially in a gentle, 7

8 earnest, or solicitous manner admonish : denounce :: punish : pillory :: tell : proclaim (B는 A를 공 개적으로 함 (A << B라는 설도 있음)) pillory 조롱하다; 형틀(pillory)로 처벌하다 peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation (A << B) castigation 징계, 혹평 pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove (A << B) alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory exculpate to clear of guilt or blame admonish : warn :: ameliorate : improve admonish : warn :: persuade : convince admonishmeng : warn :: panegyric : compliment apprise : information :: admonish : warning (동 : 명) apprise to give notice to; inform cf. appraise 평가하다 to evaluate, especially in an official capacity adore [ədɔ ːr] v.t. 숭배하다, 흠모하다 1. to worship as God or a god 2. to regard with deep, often rapturous love 3. to like very much abhorrence : dislike :: adoration : fondness, affection (A >> B) apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration (A << B) terror intense, overpowering fear fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness (A >> B) adroit [ədrɔít] a. 능숙한 : having or showing skill, cleverness, or resourcefulness in handling situations loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly (OPPOSITE) adroitness : ineptness :: difficulty : simplicity (OPPOSITE) adroit : cluminess :: (OPPOSITE) adroit : act :: adroitness clumsiness adroit ungainly, inept, clumsy ham-handed deft, adroit ham-handed 솜씨 없는, 서투른; 손이 큰 adulate [ǽdʒəlèit] v. 엄청 아첨하다 : to flatter or admire excessively or slavishly aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration (A >> B) disinclination 내키지 않음 a lack of inclination; a mild aversion or reluctance adulate : admire = squander : spend (A >> B, A는 부정적 의미) admire 감탄/탄복하다; 존경하다 adulate : censure :: (OPPOSITE) fulminate : criticize :: adulate : flatter fulminate 격렬하게 비난하다; 큰소리와 함께 폭발하다 adulate censure, deride, scorn, disparage, disdain, excoriate, vituperate, reproach, vilify, revile disparage 비난하다; 헐뜯다 adulation obloquy, disdain, vituperation, derision (somber affection 은 오답) obloquy [ábləkwi] 불명예, 오명; 비난, 욕설, 악평 disdain 경멸, 멸시, 모욕 vituperation 비난, 매도, 혹평 adulterate [ədʌĺtərèit] v.t. 불순물을 섞다 adult : child :: cat : kitten adulterate : pure :: bolster, brace : weak :: dismantle : unity bolster 베개로 받치다; 지지하다, 강화하다 brace (버팀대로) 강화하다; 버티다; 자극하다, 분발시키다 demanding : satisfactory :: adulterate : pristine (A에는 B가 없는) pristine 초기의, 원시의 stickler : approximation :: purist : adulteration (A object B) embellish : austere :: adulterate : pure (A B) dismantle : united :: adulterate : pristine (A B) dismantle to take apart; disassemble; tear down adulterate : purity :: enervate : vigor (A remove B) unalloyed adulterated tainted unadulterated adulteration purification adumbrate [ædʌḿbrèit, ǽdəmbrèit] v. 어렴풋이 표현하다 1. to give a sketchy outline of 2. to prefigure indistinctly; foreshadow 3. to disclose partially or guardedly adumbrate : punctuality (A에는 B의 속성이 없음) revelation adumbration advent [ǽdvent] n. 출현, 도래 advent end, exit, disappearance, departure adversary [ǽdvərsèri / -səri] n. 적 : ENEMY, FOE opposition : adversary :: instruction : mentor supplicant : humility :: adversary : resistance (A have B, CHARACTER) supplicant n. 탄원자 a. 탄원하는, 애원하는 humility 겸손, 비하 adversary ally ally [əlái] 동맹국, 연합국; 친척, 동료 advertence [ædvə ːrtəns, əd-] n. 주의, 유의; 용의주도함 advert 주의를 환기시키다; 언급하다 to call attention; refer advertence inattention advertent inattentive inadvertence careful attention advertise [ǽdvərtàiz] v.t. 광고하다 : to announce publicly especially by a printed notice or a broadcast advertising : commercial :: publishing : journal advocate [ǽdvəkèit] v.t. 주장하다 : to speak, pled, or argue in favor of advocacy : champion :: criticism : evaluate champion; v. 옹호(지지)하다, 지키다 exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass exponent 주창자, 대표적 인물 pollster, polltaker 여론 조사원 canvass 면밀히 조사하다; (선거에서) 표를 구하러 다니다; 여론 조사 를 하다 advocate attack, impugn, oppose, thwart, impede aerate [ɛ əreit, éiərèit] v. 공기를 쐬다, 통풍시키다; 혈액에 산소를 공급하다 aerate : oxygen :: hydrate : water aerate remove air from aerial [ɛ əriəl, eiíər-] a. 공기의 : of relating to, or occurring in the air or atmosphere aerial : air :: aquatic : water aerial : air :: ferrous : iron aesthete [ésθi:t] n. 심미안이 있는 사람, 예술 애호가 1. one who cultivates an unusually high sensitivity to beauty, as in art or nature 2. one whose pursuit and admiration of beauty is regarded as excessive or affected aesthete : art :: gourmand : food aesthete person insensitive to beauty aesthetics [esθétiks / iːs-] n. 미학 : a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, and taste and with the creation and appreciation of beauty aesthetics : beauty :: epistemology : knowledge epistemology 인식론 8

9 gourmet : food :: aesthete : art gourmet [gúərmei] 미식가, 식도락가 philistine aesthete philistine (예술이나 문화적 가치를 경멸하는) 속물; 문외한 affable [ǽfəbəl] a. 상냥한 : characterized by ease and friendliness affable : gracious :: (A=B) affable : ease :: (A하면 B하기 쉬운 성격을 지님) affable irascible, testy, uncommunicative, reticent, solitary irascible 성미 급한, 화를 잘 내는 testy 화를 잘 내는, 성미 급한, 성깔 있는(irritable) affability surliness, sullenness, irascibility surly 무뚝뚝한, 붙임성 없는, 퉁명스러운 sullen 시무룩한, 무뚝뚝한; (날씨, 소리 등이) 음침한 affectation [æfektéi :ən] n. 꾸미기, 가장; 허세 1. a show, pretense, or display 2. a. behavior that is assumed rather than natural; artificiality b. a particular habit, as of speech or dress, adopted to give a false impression affectation artlessness, ingenuousness affected [əféktid] a. 영향을 받은; 잘난체하는, 허세부리는 1. influenced ; changed ; emotionally stirred or moved 2. assumed or simulated to impress others posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant (A = B가 없는 사람) tolerant 관대한, 너그러운; 용서하는 disaffected : contentment :: dubious : commitment, conviction :: dishonest : integrity (A lack B) disaffect 정떨어지게 하다, 호의를 잃게 하다 to cause to lose affection or loyalty disaffected resentful and rebellious, especially against authority commit 위임하다, 맡기다; 입장을 분명히 하다, 언명하다; (죄 등 을) 범하다, 저지르다 conviction 유죄 (판결); 신념, 확신 a fixed or strong belief officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel (EQUAL, 형용사 : 동사) officious 참견하기 좋아하는, 주제넘게 나서는 meddle 쓸데없이 참견하다, 간섭하다 disaffected content, contented affected natural, artless, ingenuous ingenuous 솔직한, 성실한; 순진한, 꾸밈없는 affection [əfékʃən] n. 애정, 호의 : FONDNESS apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration (A << B) embrace, kiss : affection :: shrug : indifference :: frown : displeasure (A = B를 보여주는 행동) shrug to raise (the shoulders), especially as a gesture of doubt, disdain, or indifference scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection :: hurl : disgust scowl 얼굴을 찡그리다 hurl 내던지다, 팽개치다; 전복시키다; 욕설을 퍼붓다 swagger : bravado :: caress : affection (sign) swagger 뽐내며 걷다, 허풍을 떨다 bravado 허장성세 caress [kərés] 애무하다, 쓰다듬다; 부드럽게 대하다 obeisance : esteem :: embrace : affection obeisance 경례, 경의의 표현; 존경 embrace 껴안다; (제안 등을) 받아들이다; 알아차리다, 깨닫다 mercurial : mood :: fickle : affection mercurial 수은의;수성( 水 星 )의;활발한,명랑한;변덕스러운,경박한 fickle 변덕스러운, 불안정한; 마음이 잘 변하는 antipathy affection affidavit [æ fədéivit] n. 선서, 진술서 : a sworn statement in writing made especially under oath or on affirmation affidavit : statement :: wedding : ceremony (A is a kind of B) affiliate [əfílieit] v. 가입시키다, 합병하다;유래를...에 구하다,...으로 돌리다 1. to adopt or accept as a member, subordinate associate, or branch 2. to associate (oneself) as a subordinate, subsidiary, employee, or member 3. to assign the origin of aligned awry, not affiliated, askew, improperly adjusted, badly adjusted, warped, irregular affiliation [əfìliéiʃən] n. 가입, 가맹; 동맹, 연합; 협력; 결연 : to bring or receive into close connection as a member or branch affiliation dissociation affinity [əfínəti] n. 인척 (관계); 유사; 좋아함, 애호 1. a natural attraction or feeling of kinship 2. relationship by marriage 3. an inherent similarity between persons or things affinity antipathy, aversion, hideousness, repugnance hideous [hídiəs] 무서운, 소름끼치는, 추한; 극악무도한 affix [əfíks] v. 첨부하다, 덧붙여 쓰다; (죄, 책임 등을) 뒤집어씌우다 1. to secure to something; attach 2. to impute; attribute 3. to place at the end; append affix detach afflict [əflíkt] v. 괴롭히다 : torture, gruel, distress, wreak, inflict, tribulate affliction [əflíkʃən] n. 심한 고통 1. a condition of pain, suffering, or distress 2. a cause of pain, suffering, or distress affluent [ǽflu(ː)ənt, əflúː-] a. 풍부한 : having a generously sufficient and typically increasing supply of material possessions affluent needy, indigent indigent [índidʒənt] 살기 어려운, 가난한 experiencing want or need; impoverished impecunious wealthy, prosperous, affluent impecunious 무일푼의 lacking money; penniless penury affluence penury 극빈, 결핍 affront [əfrʌńt] v. 모욕하다 n. 무례한 언동, 모욕 (=OFFEND : to cause displeasure, anger) : to insult intentionally, especially openly : an open or intentional offense, slight, or insult affront please(칭찬, 찬사하다 류) (*countenance(찬 성 하다 류)는 오답) agape [əgéip] adv. adj. 입을 딱 벌리고(벌린), 어이없이(는), 열중하여 (한) agape closed aghast [əgǽst, əgɑ ːst] a. 혼비백산한 : SHOCKED : struck by shock, terror, or amazement agenda [ədʒéndə] n. (회의) 의사일정 : a list or program of things to be done or considered program : concert :: agenda : meeting repertoire : performance :: agenda : meeting curriculum : class :: menu : dish curriculum, syllabus : course :: agenda : meeting itinerary : travel, trip :: agenda : meeting minute : agenda :: log : itinerary (주요 기록 사항) minute 의사록 a note or summary covering points to be remembered itinerary 여정, 여행 일정, 여행안내서 log; a record of a ship's speed, its progress, and any shipboard events 9

10 of navigational importance aggrandize [əgrǽndaiz, ǽgrəndàiz] v.t. 확대하다, (지위를) 높이 다, (세력, 재산 등을) 늘리다 : to make appear great or greater; praise highly aggrandize disparage, efface aggrandize downplay aggrandize relegate (undermine은 2순위?(중국 2회-6-31번)) relegate 좌천시키다 effacing aggrandizing efface 지우다, 말살하다; 존재를 희미하게 만들다 conspicuous 눈에 잘 띄는; 이목을 끄는 aggravate [ǽgrəvèit] v.t. 악화시키다 : to make worse, more serious, or more severe; intensify unpleasantly succor aggravate succor [sʌḱər] 구조, 구원하다 to give assistance to in time of want, difficulty, or distress aggravate alleviate, ameliorate alleviate 경감, 완화하다 to make (pain, for example) more bearable ameliorate 개선/개량하다 to make or become better; improve console aggravate grief allay increase the intensity of, aggravate, intensify allay [əléi] 가라앉히다, 완화시키다 aggregate [ǽgrigèit] v. n. a. 모으다, 집합체, 집합한 : to collect or gather into a mass or whole coalesce disaggregate coalesce 합체, 합병하다 disaggregate, disintegrate join together aggregate isolated units (명) aggregate disperse (동) aggregated detached, separated, unfastened, part, split, polarized, bifurcated, broken apart aggressive [əgrésiv] a. 적극적인, 공격적인 : inclined to behave in a hostile fashion aggressive even meaning, even-tempered aggrieve [əgríːv] v.t. 괴롭히다, 고통주다 : DISTRESS 1. to distress; afflict 2. to inflict an injury or injuries on aggrieve gratify, comfort, mollify, appease, conciliate (energize, inspire는 오답) gratify 만족시키다, 기쁘게 하다 to please or satisfy; to give what is desired to aggrieved buoyant aghast [əgǽst] adj. 대경실색한, 간담이 서늘한 : struck by shock, terror, or amazement aghast undismayed dismay 1. to destroy the courage or resolution of by exciting dread or apprehension 2. to cause to loose enthusiasm; disillusion 3. to upset or alarm agile [ǽdʒəl] adj. 민첩한, 날렵한; 활발한, 활기 넘치는 1. characterized by quickness, lightness, and ease of movement; nimble 2. mentally alert agile : movement :: agile : mobility :: agile sluggish agility dilatoriness, hesistancy dilatory 꾸물거리는, 지연하는; 질질 끄는 hesistancy, hesistance 망설임, 주저, 우유부단 agitate [ǽdʒitèit] v. 휘젓다; 격앙시키다, 선동하다 1. to cause to move with violence or sudden force 2. to upset; disturb 3. to arouse interest in (a cause, for example) by use of the written or spoken word; debate * agitation n. agitated : equanimity :: (A에는 B의 속성이 없는) coolheaded excitable, nervous, agitated, ruffled agitate soothe agitation sang-froid, repose sang-froid 침착, 냉정 agog [əgɑǵ / əgɔǵ] adj. 흥분한/열망하는 : full of intense interest or excitement : EAGER agog indifferent agonize [ǽgənaiz] v. 몹시 괴로워하다; 필사적으로 노력하다 1. to suffer extreme pain or great anguish 2. to make a great effort; struggle agonized : distress :: obsessed : concern (A >> B) agony [ǽgəni] n. 심한 고통, 몸부림 : ANGUISH, TORTURE : intense pain of mind or body agonized : distress :: obsessed : concern (A >> B) obsess to preoccupy the mind of excessively painful : agonizing :: important : paramount (A << B) paramount of chief concern or importance; supreme in rank, power, or authority agrarian [əgrɛ əriən] a. 농업의 agrarian : farming :: mercantile : trade mercantile [mə :rkəntì:l] of or relating to merchants or trade airtight [ɛ ərtàit] a. 공기가 빠져나가지 못할, 빈틈없는 : having no noticeable weakness, flaw, or loophole airtight : loophole :: (A = B가 없는) foolproof : fail :: airtight : leak foolproof 누구나 할 수 있는, 아주 간단한 alacrity [əlǽkrəti] n. 어떤 일에 민활함, 선뜻 나섬 : promptness in response; cheerful readiness husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate (OPPOSITE) husbandry 농업, 경작, 축산; 검약, 절약 procrastinate 미루다, 꾸물대다 alacrity : prompt :: acumen : shrewd (EQUAL, 명 : 형) alacrity : apathetic :: temerity : timid (OPPOSITE) apathetic 무표정의; 냉담한, 무관심한 temerity foolhardy disregard of danger; recklessness timid lacking self-confidence; shy; fearful and hesitant alacrity dilatoriness, hesitancy, hesitance, reluctance, delay, footdragging dilatory; intended to delay; tending to postpone or delay foot-dragging; 지체, 더딤, 주저 alacrity recalcitrance, sluggishness recalcitrant marked by stubborn resistance to and defiance of authority or guidance albino [ælbáinou / -bíː-] n. 백색종 (선천성 색소 결핍증에 걸린 사람, 동물, 식물) albino : pigment :: prairie : tree pigment 안료, 색소 prairie 초원 지대 treeless grassland alchemy [ǽlkəmi] n. 연금술, 마력 alchemy : chemistry :: false drug : treatment astrology : astronomy :: alchemy : chemistry alchemy : science :: nostrum : remedy nostrum 엉터리 약; (사회, 정치 문제 해결의) 특효약 alibi [ǽləbài] n. 변명 : an explanation offered to avoid blame or justify action; an 10

11 excuse alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory exculpatory 해명이 되는, 죄를 벗겨주는, 변명의 admonitory 충고의, 훈계의 alibi : exculpatory :: admonishment : warning alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive (A is for B) sophism 궤변, 아전인수 alienate [éiljən`eit] v. 멀리하다, 떼어 놓다, 소외하다 / 재산, 권리 등을 양도하다 1. To cause to become unfriendly or hostile; estrange: alienate a friend; alienate potential supporters by taking extreme positions. ESTRANGE 2. To cause to become withdrawn or unresponsive; isolate or dissociate emotionally: The numbing labor tended to alienate workers. 3. To cause to be transferred; turn away: He succeeded... in alienating the affections of my only ward (Oscar Wilde). 4. Law. To transfer (property or a right) to the ownership of another, especially by an act of the owner rather than by inheritance. alienate unite, reunite align [əláin] v. 정렬시키다, 일직선으로 하다, (단체, 당 국가 등 을) 제휴(연합)시키다 예; aligned nations 제휴한 여러 나라 align divide, disjoin aligned awry, not affiliated, askew, improperly adjusted, badly adjusted, warped, irregular awry [ərái] 구부러져, 비스듬히; 빗나간, 잘못된 affiliate 합병시키다, 한 패로 끌어들이다, 제휴시키다 warp [wɔ:rp] 구부리다, 일탈시키다, 왜곡하다 allay [əléi] v. 가라앉히다, 완화시키다 : ALLEVIATE 1. to reduce the intensity of; relieve 2. to calm or pacify; set to rest allay : relief :: (A는 B를 할 수 있게 해 줌) allay increase the intensity of, excite, galvanize, arouse, exacerbate, foment, aggravate, compel, intensify, irritate, provoke exacerbate to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of; aggravate allegiance [əlíːdʒəns] n. 충성 : devotion or loyalty to a person, group, or cause authority : pundits :: allegiance : partisans (B have A) pundit 대학자, 전문가 partisan 동지, 지지자 renegade : allegiance :: apostate : faith renegade 변절자, 배반자 apostate [əpásteit] 배교자, 탈당자 apostasy abandonment of one's religious faith, a political party, one's principles, or a cause allegory [ǽləgɔ ːri / -gəri] n. 비유; 우화 : the expression by means of symbolic fictional figures and actions of truths or generalizations about human existence allegory : fiction :: (B use A) allergy [ǽlə:rd3i] n. 알레르기; 반감, 혐오 1. an abnormal high sensitivity to certain substances, such as pollens, foods, or microorganisms 2. (informal) an adverse sentiment; antipathy allergy : reaction :: lancet : instrument (A is a kind of B) alleviate [əlíːvièit] v. 완화하다 : RELIEVE, LESSEN : to make (as suffering) more bearable abate : tax :: alleviate : distress alleviate : intensity :: abate : tax :: console : grief (A remove B) alleviate : strength :: dampen : ardor :: assuage : sorrow alleviation : immitigable :: 완화 : 완화할 수 없는 alleviate intensify, exacerbate, increase intensity exacerbate to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of; aggravate alliterate [əlítərèit] v. 두운을 사용하다 alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface * alliteration exaggeration, duplication의 뉘앙스(alliterate means repetition of sounds, indicating lengthiness or wordiness. Remove, on the other hand, means cut short or make more concise) / blazon means proclaim widely, like in obvious and open manner, while efface (as in self-effaced) mean behaving modest or reserved. blazon 과시, 자랑하다; 공표하다, 퍼뜨리다 efface 지우다, 말살하다; 존재를 희미하게 만들다 alloy [əlɔí] v. 섞다, 합금을 만들다, 품질을 떨어뜨리다 : to debase by the addition of an inferior element alloy : purity :: thin : density (A reduce B) allowance [əláuəns] n. (특정목적의) 할당량 : a share or portion allotted or granted pittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream (A is small B) pittance 적은 생활비/수입; 소량 rivulet 시내, 개울 allude [əlúːd] vi. 넌지시 말하다 : to make indirect reference intimate : communicate :: allude : refer intimate 넌지시 비추다, 암시하다; 공표하다 allude mention explicitly ally [əlái] n. 동맹자, 협력자 ally adversary, rival aloft [əlɔ (ː)ft / -lɑ -] ad. 위에 높이 : at or to a great height founder stay aloft founder 창립자; 가라앉히다, 붕괴하다 groundedly aloft aloof [əluːf] a. 쌀쌀 맞은, 냉담한 : removed or distant either physically or emotionally aloof : objectivity :: (A는 B의 성격을 지님) aloof : solitude :: (A는 B의 성격을 지님) aloof : reserve :: sluggish : torpor (A는 B의 성격을 지님) aloof : associate :: politic : offend (OPPOSITE) (형 : 동) politic 현명한, 분별이 있는; 시기적절한; 교활한, 빈틈없는 aloof having affinity, gregarious, intimate gregarious 군집성의; 사교적인(sociable); 무리의, 군집의 alphabetical [æ lfəbétikəl] a. 알파벳순의 dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological annals 연대기; 연보 altruism [ǽltruːìzəm] n. 이타주의 altruist : selflessness :: connoisseur : expertise (A have B) connoisseur 감정가, 전문가 expertise 전문적 기술/지식 altruism egocentrism, egoism vulture altruist vulture 독수리, 콘도르; 욕심쟁이, 사기꾼 amalgamate [əmǽlgəmèit] v. 혼합하다, 합병하다 : to unite in or as if in an amalgam, especially to merge into a single body 11

12 amalgamation : disintegrated :: (OPPOSITE) amalgamate separate, isolate, disintegrate, insulate insulate 부도체로 입히다; 분리, 격리하다 amalgamation disintegration amass [əmǽs] v. 축적하다 : ACCUMULATE : to gather together for oneself, as for one's pleasure or profit; accumulate amass dissipate ambiguous [æmbígjuəs] a. 분명치 않은, 애매모호한 : doubtful or uncertain especially from obscurity or indistinctness ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth (LACK) mendacious 거짓의, 허위의; 정직하지 못한 ambiguous : understand :: blatant : ignore (A = B하기 힘든) blatant 뻔뻔스러운; 뻔한; 떠들썩한 equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal platitude 진부한 이야기, 상투적인 문구; 평범, 단조로움 banal 진부한, 흔해빠진, 시시한(trivial) equivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruent, incongruous oxymoron 모순 어법 [for example, crowed solitude] incongruent 일치하지 않는, 부적당한 unequivocal : ambiguity :: spotless : blemish (OPPOSITE) blemish an imperfection that mars or impairs; a flaw or defect ambivalent [æmbívəlent] a. 양면 가치의; 동요하는 : simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or feelings toward an object, person, or action * ambivalence [æmbívələns] n. 양면가치, 마음의 동요 1. the coexistence of opposing attitudes or feelings, such as love and hate, toward a person, an object, or an idea 2. uncertainty or indecisiveness as to which course to follow ambivalent committed, definite, settled, unequivocal committed 전념하는, 헌신적인 amble [ǽmbəl] vi. 느릿느릿 걷다, n. 느린 걸음걸이 : SAUNTER : to walk slowly or leisurely; stroll walk : amble :: talk : chat :: draw : doodle doodle 끼적거리다, 빈둥거리다 amble : wander (EQUAL) wander 헤매다, 어슬렁거리다 amble step/stride/walk quickly, scurry, march rapidly scurry (종종걸음으로) 급히 가다, 서두르다, 잰 걸음 ambrosial [æmbróuʒiəl] a. 아주 맛있는, 향기로운 extremely pleasing to taste or smell in food mellifluous : music :: ambrosial : food mellifluous 달콤한, 감미로운 mellifluous : sound :: savory : taste savory 맛있는, 입맛 당기는 ambulatory [ǽmbjulətɔ ːri / -təri] v. 이동하는 ambulatory bedridden ameliorate [əmíːljərèit, -liə-] v.t. 개선하다 : to make or become better; improve ameliorate : promotion :: exacerbate : depravation (EQUAL, 동사 : 명 사) exacerbate 악화시키다; 분개시키다 to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of; aggravate depravation 타락, 부패, 악화 deprave 타락시키다, 부패시키다 to debase, especially morally; corrupt ameliorate : improve :: admonish : caution (EQUAL, 동 : 동) ameliorate : improve :: persuade : convince ameliorate aggravate, exacerbate damper ameliorator damp 축축하게 하다; 약하게 하다, 기를 꺾다 amenable [əmíːnəbəl, əméŋə-] a. (충고, 지시 등을) 잘 따르는 : readily brought to yield, submit, or cooperate amenable inimical, intransigent, obdurate, recalcitrant inimical 불리한, 해로운; 적개심 있는, 적의로 가득한 intransigent 타협/양보하지 않는; 완고한 amend [əménd] v. 개선/수정하다 1. to change for the better; improve 2. to remove the faults or errors in; correct 3. to alter (a legislative measure, for example) formally by adding, deleting, or rephrasing corrective : amend :: paradigm : exemplify amenity [əménəti] n. 쾌적함, 상냥한 태도 : something that conduces to comfort, convenience, or enjoyment amenity : comfortable :: paradigm : exemplifying amenity : comfortable :: honorarium : grateful honorarium [ànərɛ əriəm] (받는 쪽에서 청구하지 않은) 사례금, 보수 금 grateful 감사하는, 고마워하는; 감사를 나타내는 amenity nuisance amiable [éimiəbəl] a. 상냥한 : being friendly, sociable, and congenial inimical, rancorous friendly, amiable, amicable amicable [ǽmikəbəl] a. 우호적인 : PEACEABLE : characterized by friendly goodwill amicable : malign :: negligible : elevate (OPPOSITE) malign 욕설을 하다 to make evil, harmful, and often untrue statement about; speak evil of elevate 들어올리다, 승진시키다; 고상하게 하다 amicable : friendliness :: (같은 뜻) inimical friendly, amiable, amicable asperity amicableness amicable rancorous amiss [əmís] adj. adv. 잘못된, 잘못하여 : IMPERFECTLY 1. out of proper order 2. not in perfect shape; faulty amnesia [æmní:ʒə] n. 기억 상실, 건망증 : partial or total loss of memory, usually resulting from shock, psychological disturbance, brain injury, or illness amnesia : memory :: enervation : vigor amnesia retention, remembrance, consciousness, awareness amorphous [əmɔ ːrfəs] a. 무정형의 : SHAPELESS : having no definite form amorphous : shape, structure :: errant, wandering : course :: ignorant : knowledge :: equivocal : certainty : disjointed : coherence errant 편력하는, (정도에서) 벗어난, (판단 등이) 잘못된 disjointed 따로따로 해체된; 혼란한, (말, 생각 등이) 지리멸렬한, 종 잡을 수 없는 amorphousness : definition :: lassitude : energy (LACK) lassitude 피곤함, 나른함 a state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or listlessness amorphous defined, definite amphibian [æmfíbiən] n. 양서류; 수륙 양용 비행기; 이중인격자 amplify [ǽmpləfài] v.t. 확대하다 : INCREASE 1. to make larger or more powerful; increase 12

13 2. to add to, as by illustrations; make complete 3. to exaggerate 4. to produce amplification of amplify mute, abridge mute 소리를 죽이다; (색조 등을) 부드럽게 하다 amplitude [ǽmplitjùːd ] n. 충분함 : FULLNESS 1. greatness of size; magnitude 크기 2. fullness; copiousness 충분한 amplitude meagerness meager 부족한, 결핍한; 여윈, 홀쭉해진 amulet [ǽmjəlit] n. 부적 : an object worn, especially around the neck, as a charm against evil or injury amulet : evil :: helmet : injury (A prevent B) anachronism [ənǽkrənìstic] n. 시대착오, 연대/날짜의 오기( 誤 記 ) 1. representation of someone as existing or something as happening in other than the chronological, proper, or historical order 2. one that is out of its proper or chronological order * anachronistic a. anachronistic : time :: discordant : sound anachronistic timely anaerobic [ǽnəròubic, ænɛ əroubic] a. 산소 없어도 살 수 있는 : living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of free oxygen anaerobic living in oxygen, require oxygen, respiring respire 호흡하다; 한숨 돌리다 analgesia [æǹəldʒí:zik, -dʒésik] 무통증 : a deadening or absence of the sense of pain without loss of consciousness analgesia sensitivity to pain analgesic [`ænəld3í:zik] n. 진통제 analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation anesthetic 마취제 aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs aseptic 방부제 pain : analgesic :: sensation : anesthetic :: symptom : palliative palliative 완화제 analgesia : pain :: simplification : complexity tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden :: stimulant : arouse soporific : alertment :: analgesic : pain analogy [ənǽlədʒi] n. 유사 : SIMILARITY disparate analogous disparate [díspərit] fundamentally distinct or different in kind; entirely dissimilar analogous lacking similarity analysis [ənǽləsis] n. 분해 measure : dimensions :: analyze : nature synthesis analysis anarchist [ǽnərkist] n. 무정부주의자 : one who rebels against any authority, established order, or ruling power anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery anarchist : rebel :: apologist : defend apologist 변명/변호하는 사람 anarchy order anathema [ənǽθəmə] n. 저주 : CURSE, EXECRATION 1. a formal ecclesiastical ban, curse, or excommunication 2. a vehement denunciation; a curse 3. one that is cursed or damned 4. one that is greatly reviled, loathed, or shunned anathema : curse :: theocracy : state (A is a kind of B) anathema 신권 정치; 신정( 神 政 ) 신에 의해 다스려지는 state anathema panegyric, blessing panegyric 칭찬의 말/글, 찬사(laudation) ancestor [ǽnsestər, -səs-] n. 선조 heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator heirloom [ɛ ərlù:m] 세습 재산 bequest 유증, 유산, 유물 testator 유언자 scion ancestor scion [sáiən] 자손(의 한 사람) anchor [ǽnkər] n. 닻; 고정 장치 v. 고정/정박시키다 anchor dislodge dislodge 제거하다, 몰아내다, 치우다, 쫓아내다 ancillary [ǽnsəlèri / ænsíləri] a. 보조의 : of secondary importance; auxiliary, helping ancillary paramount anecdote [ǽnikdòutidʒ] n. 일화 1. a short account of an interesting or humorous incident 2. anecdotes or anecdota secret or hitherto undivulged particulars of history or biography 야사 anecdote : amusement :: lecture : instruction (PURPOSE) anecdote : story :: anecdote : narrative :: skit : play (A B) skit 풍자극, 촌극 anemic [əníːmik] a. 빈혈의; 무기력한 1. of, relating to, or suffering from anemia(빈혈) 2. lacking vitality; listless and weak * anemia [əní:miə] n. 빈혈; 무기력 anemia plethora plethora 과다, 과잉(overfullness); 적혈구 과다증, 다혈증 anemic hale, strong hale 원기 왕성한 free from infirmity or illness; sound anesthetic [æǹəsθétik] a. n. 마취의, 마취제 : lacking awareness or sensitivity analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs soporific : alert :: anesthetic : pain soporific 수면제 vaccination : disease :: anesthesia : sensation sensation anesthesia anesthesia [ænisθí:ʒə] 마취, 마비 anhydrous [ænháidrəs] a. 무수의 : without water, especially water of crystallization anhydrous wet animation [æǹəméiʃən] n. 활기참 : ALIVE lassitude vim, verve, animation lassitude 피곤, 나른함; 무관심 a state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or listlessness vim 정력, 원기, 열의 verve (예술 작품에서의) 열정, 기백; (일반적인) 생기, 기력 animus [ǽnəməs] n. 의향, 의도; 적개심, 증오심 1. an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition 2. a feeling of animosity; ill will animus friendship, friendliness annals [ǽnəlz] n. 연대기 표 1. a chronological record of the events of successive years 2. a descriptive account or record; a history 3. a periodical journal in which the records and reports of a learned field are compiled 13

14 dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological annotate [ǽnətèit] 주석을 달다 to furnish (a literary work) with critical commentary or explanatory notes; gloss annotate : commentary :: gloss : definition gloss 광택, 윤; 겉치레, 허식; 행간의 주, 해설, 용어 풀이 annoy [ənɔí] v.t. 성가시게 하다, 화를 내다 1. to cause slight irritation to (another) by troublesome, often repeated acts 2. to harass or disturb by repeated attacks testy : annoy :: tractable : control (B하기 쉬운 = A) testy 화를 잘 내는, 성미 급한 tractable 다루기 쉬운, 유순한 annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl (B = A하는 사람) gadfly 쇠파리; 귀찮게 구는 사람 churl 버릇없는 사람 maudlin : sentimental :: peeved : annoyed (A >> B :: A = B) (x) maudlin 눈물이 헤픈, 지나치게 감상적인 effusively or tearfully sentimental patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (EQUAL) patronize 단골로 삼다, 애용하다; 후원하다, 찬조하다; 생색을 내는 태도를 취하다 condescend 자신을 낮추다; 뻐기며 대하다 to deal with people in a patronizingly superior manner testy : annoy :: hesitating : balk (CHARACTER) balk [bɔ:k] 주저하다, 뒷걸음치다 annul [ənʌĺ] v. 무효화하다, 폐기하다 1. to make or declare void or invalid, as a marriage or a law; nullify 2. to obliterate the effect or existence of annul make legal, reaffirm anodyne [ǽnoudàin] n. 진통제 (analgesic, pain-killer) 형용사 뜻 1. capable of soothing or eliminating pain 2. relaxing 3. watered-down; insipid anodyne : pain :: soporific : wakefulness (B는 A를 저하시킴) soporific 졸리게 하는, 최면성의 wakefulness 잠이 오지 않는 anodyne irritant anomalous [ənɑḿələs / ənɔḿ-] a. 변칙의 : IRREGULAR, UNUSUAL anomaly : paradigmatic :: blemish : flawless (OPPOSITE) paradigm 모범, 전형 blemish (명성 등을) 더럽히다, 손상하다 to mar or impair by a flaw anomalous conforming to norms, normal, typical anomaly [ənáməli] adj. 변칙, 이례, 이상 1. deviation or departure from the normal or common order, form, or rule 2. one that is peculiar, irregular, abnormal, or difficult to classify * anomalous adj. 변칙적인, 파격의, 특이한 anomaly conformity to norms, predicted occurrence anomalous paradigmatic anonymous [ənɑńəməs / ənɔńə-] a. 작자 미상의, 익명의 : not named or identified anonymous : identify :: nonchalant : excite (A lack B) nonchalant 무관심한, 냉정한, 무심한 seeming to be coolly unconcerned or indifferent anonymous : identify :: unplumbed : depth :: unpredictable : vagary unplumbed 잴 수 없는, 헤아릴 수 없는 answerable [ǽnsərəbl á:n-] a.책임이 있는, 남에게 책임을 져야 할 answerable not responsible for, exempt from liability antagonize [æntǽgənàiz] v.t. 적개심을 일으키다, 반대하다 : to incur the dislike of; to counteract cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize 겁 : 상대방을 겁먹게하 다 :: 화 : 상대방을 화나게하다 antagonistic synergic synergic, synergistic 상승 작용인 propitiate, placate, mollify antagonize propitiate 달래다, 진정시키다 to conciliate; appease placate [pléikeit] to allay the anger of, especially by making concessions; appease allay [əléi] 가라앉히다(calm); 누그러뜨리다 antecedent [æǹtisí:dənt] n. 선행자, 전례, 선조 a. 전의, 앞선 antecedent posterity posterity 후대, 후세, 자손, 후예 antediluvian [æǹtidilúːviən / -vjən] a. 태고의 : extremely old and antiquated antediluvian : age :: colossal : size colossal [kəlásəl] 거대한, 대량의 antenna [ænténə] n. 촉각, 더듬이 antennae : butterfly :: (B have A) anterior [æntíəriər] a. 이전의 : coming before in time or development anterior ensuing ensue 계속되다, 뒤따라 일어나다, 결과로 일어나다 anthology [ænθɑĺədʒi / -θɔĺ-] n. 명문 선집 compendium : summary :: anthology : collection (EQUAL) compendium 해설, 개론; 요약 antibiotic [æǹtibaiɑ tik, -tai / -ɔ t-] n. 항생제 antibiotic : infection :: coagulant : bleeding coagulant 응고제 antic [ǽntik] n. 익살, 장난 a. 별난, 익살스러운 v. 장난치다 : a ludicrous or extravagant act or gesture antic : gravity :: (A lack B) facetious : speech :: antic : behavior facetious [fəsí:ʃəs] 익살맞은; 까부는, 경박한 playfully jocular; humorous anticipatory [æntísəpətɔ ːri, -tòu-] a. 예상한, 선구적인 retrospective anticipatory antidote [ǽntidòut] n. 해독제 antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation :: remedy : disease balm 향유; 진통제, 위안 antidote : poison :: tonic : lethargy lethargy 무기력, 무관심 antidote intoxication antipathy [æntípəθi] n. 혐오, 반감 : DISTASTE : settled aversion or dislike antipathy affection, affinity, benevolence, fondness, predilection, proclivity, settled fondness predilection 편애, 좋아함(preference) proclivity 성향, 기질, 경향(tendency) agreeable : antipathy :: tedious : engrossment (A에는 B가 없음) agreeable 기호나 취미에 맞는, 기꺼이 동의하는 antique [æntíːk] a. 고대의 : ANCIENT 1. belonging to, made in, or typical of an earlier period 2. of or belonging to ancient times, especially of, from, or characteristic of ancient Greece or Rome 3. of or dealing in antiques 4. old-fashioned 14

15 antique recent antiseptic [æǹtəséptik] n. 방부제 oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize sedative 진정제 sterilize 살균/소독하다; 단종하다; 메마르게 하다 antithetic, antithetical [æǹtiθétik] adj. 대조의; 대조를 이루는, 정반대의 1. of, relating to, or marked by antithesis 2. being in diametrical opposition drenched : wet :: antithetic : different (A >> B) antithetic, antithetical congruent anvil [ǽnvəl] n. 모루 hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar apathetic [æ pəθétik] adj. 무감동의; 냉담한, 무관심한 (indifferent) 1. feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent 2. feeling or showing little or no emotion; unresponsive apathetic motivated, vehement vehement 열정적인; 격렬한, 맹렬한 apathy [ǽpəθi] n. 냉담, 무관심 : IMPASSIVENESS : lack of feeling or emotion ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic (OPPOSITE) ennui [á:nwi] 권태, 지루함, 울적함 listless and dissatisfaction resulting from lack of interest fervor 진지, 열정 apex [éipeks] n. 최고조 1. the highest point; the vertex 2. the point of culmination 3. the usually pointed end of an object; the tip apex nadir [néidәr] apex : career :: summit : mountain (zenith : horizon은 오답) aphorism [ǽfərìzəm] n. 경구 : ADAGE 1. a tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion; an adage 2. a brief statement of a principle aphorism : succinct :: bromide : hackneyed (A는 B의 성격을 지님) bromide 진부한 이야기 aphorism : brevity :: caricature : distortion (A는 B의 성격을 지님) pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffusive (A is not B) euphemism 완곡어법 diffuse 널리 퍼진; 장황한 aphoristic prolix aphorism tirade apiary [éipièri, -əri] n. 양봉장 apiary : bee(s) :: cage : pet aplomb [əplɑḿ, əplʌ ːm / əplɔḿ] n. 침착, 자신감 : complete and confident composure or self-assurance trepidation aplomb trepidation 전율, 공표; 불안, 동요 apocalyptic [əpɑ kəlíptik / əpɔ k] a. 계시의, 예언적인 : PROPHETIC 1. of or relating to an apocalypse 2. involving or portending widespread devastation or ultimate doom 3. characterized by usually exaggerated predictions of or allusions to a disastrous outcom 4. of a revelatory or prophetic nature apocalyptic : prophetic :: inconsequential : illogical (EQUAL) apocalyptic : prophetic :: inconsequential : irrational (EQUAL) inconsequential 중요하지 않은; 비논리적인 apocalyptic inconsequential, trivial, insignificant apocalyptic favorable, fortuitous, auspicious, pleasant apocrypha [əpɑḱrəfə / əpɔḱri-] n. 경외전; 출처가 의심스러운 글 : writings or statements of questionable authorship or authenticity * apocryphal a. 가짜의, 저작자가 미심쩍은 apocrypha : canon :: (OPPOSITE) apocryphal : authentic :: (OPPOSITE) apocryphal : authentication :: shady : integrity (A lack B) shady a. 미심쩍은, 의심스러운, 수상한, 떳떳하지 못한 apocrypha canon apocryphal authentic, authenticated apogee [ǽpədʒ ì:] n. 원지점( perigee), 절정, 정점 apogee lowliest, nadir apologize [əpɑĺədʒàiz / əpɔĺ-] v. 사과하다, 변호하다 1. to make excuse for or regretful acknowledgment of a fault or offense 2. to make a formal defense or justification in speech or writing saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend saboteur 파괴자 patron : support :: apologist : defend patron 보호자, 후원자; 단골손님 apologize : regret :: gibe : derision (EQUAL, 동 : 명) gibe 조롱하다, 우롱하다 to make taunting, heckling, or jeering remarks derision 비웃음, 조롱 apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed contrite 회개한, 후회의 빛을 보이는 apologist : defend :: anarchist : rebel disciple : follow :: apologist : defend (명(사람) : 동) disciple [disáipəl] 제자, 문하생; 신봉자 heretic : unconformity :: apologist : defend (명(사람) : 명) heretic [héritik] 이단자, 이교도 conformity 일치, 유사, 적합; 순종, 복종 apologist critic, detractor detract (가치, 명성 등을) 줄이다, 손상하다; 비난하다 to draw or take away; divert apology [əpálədʒi] n. 사과; 변명; 임시변통 1. an acknowledgment expressing regret or asking pardon for a fault or offense 2. a. a formal justification or defense b. an explanation or excuse 3. an inferior substitute apology : regret :: gibe : derision (A show B) apologist [əpɑĺədʒist / əpɔĺ-] n. 변호(옹호)하는 사람 : one who speaks or writes in defense of someone or something apologist critic/detractor apophasis [əpɑ fəsəs] n. 부정 어법 : allusion to something by denying that it will be mentioned apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox oxymoron 모순 어법 apoplectic [æ pəpléktik] a. 발작의, 몹시 성난 : greatly agitated; extremely angry apoplectic : angry :: emaciated : thin (A >> B) emaciate 쇠약하게 하다 to make or become extremely thin apoplectic : calm :: callow : mature :: incorrigible : tractable (OPPOSITE) callow (새가) 깃털이 나지 않은; 미숙한 lacking adult maturity or experience; immature 15

16 apoplectic calm apostasy [əpɑśtəsi / əpɔś-] n. 배교, 변절 : DEFECTION : renunciation of a religious faith; abandonment of a previous loyalty apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy (B 버린 상태 = A) recant (자신의 이전 주장을) 철회/부인하다 heresy 이론, 반론, 이단 apostasy fidelity apostrophe [əpɑśtrəfi / əpɔś-] n. 생략 부호 a mark(') used to indicate the omission of letters or figures, the possessive case, or the plural of letters or figures apostrophes : word :: ellipsis : sentence ellipsis 생략 (부호) parenthesis : explanation :: apostrophe : omission * ellipsis (,..., ***) : omission * asterisk(*) : annotation(주석), indicate an omission or a reference to a footnote * caret (^) : interpolation, indicate something is to be inserted in a line of printed or written matter apothecary [əpɑ θəkèri / apɔ θ-] n. 약국 주인 apothecary : medicine :: butcher : meat (A sell B) (librarian (사서) : book 관계는 오답) appall [əpɔ ːl] v.t. 오싹하게 하다 : to overcome with consternation, shock, or dismay appall embolden, nerve, encourage nerve; v.t. to give strength or courage to apparel [əpǽrəl] v.t, 옷을 입히다; 꾸미다, 장식하다 1. to clothe or dress 2. to adorn or embellish gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak gaudy 화려한; 미사여구를 사용한 showy in a tasteless or vulgar way tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel tonsorial 이발(사)의 sartorial 재봉사의, 의복의 appeal [əpíːl] vi. 간청하다 1. to make an earnest or urgent request, as for help 2. to have recourse, as for corroboration; resort 3. (law) to make or apply for an appeal 4. to be attractive or interesting recourse 의지, 의뢰 corroborate to strengthen or support with other evidence; make more certain resort 의지하다, 호소하다, 도움을 청하다; (자주) 가다 remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal (A = B하는 사람) remonstrate 항의하다, 이의를 제기하다 to say or plead in protest, objection, or reproof appealing [əpíːliŋ] a. 애원하는; 매력적인, 흥미를 끄는 : PLEASING appealing noisome noisome 역겨운, 고약한; 건강에 나쁜, 해로운 appease [əpíːz] v.t. 달래다, 진정시키다 : CALM 1. to bring peace, quiet, or calm to; soothe 2. to satisfy or relieve 3. to pacify or attempt to pacify (an enemy) by granting concessions, often at the expense of principle appease aggravate, exacerbate roil clarify, appease roil (휘저어서) 흐리게 만들다; 시끄럽게 하다, 화를 돋우다 rile, roil, vex pacify, appease, soothe rile; to stir to anger; to stir up (liquid); roil roil 1. to make (a liquid) muddy or cloudy by stirring up sediment 2. to displease or disturb; vex appellation [æ pəléiʃən] n. 명명, 이름, 칭호 1. a name, title, or designation 2. the act of naming designation (관직, 지위 등에서의) 지명, 임명 foreword : introductory :: appellation : designative, designatory appetite [ǽpitàit] n. 식욕, 욕망 1. an instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink 2. a strong wish or urge appetite : indulge :: voracity lack of appetite voracity 대식, 폭음; 탐욕 applause [əplɔ ːz] n. 박수갈채, 칭찬 * applaud v.t. 박수를 보내다; 칭찬하다 : to express approval, especially by clapping the hands applaud disparage mirth : laughter :: approval : applause (B represent A) mirth 환희, 유쾌함, 소동, 웃음 gladness and gaiety, especially when expressed by laughter applicant [ǽplikənt] n. 지원자 remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal appoint [əpɔínt] v.t. 임명하다 appoint : official :: cast : actor apposite [ǽpəzit] a. 적절한, 관계있는 : APT : strikingly appropriate and relevant apposite : relevant :: (EQUAL) apposite extraneous, irrelevant extraneous 관계없는, 본질에서 벗어난; 외부로부터의 appreciable [əpríːʃiəbəl] a. 평가할 만한, 알아볼 수 있는 : capable of being perceived or measured appreciable : perceive :: tenable : defend (A이면 B할 수 있는) appreciable imperceptible ponderable inappreciable ponderable considerable enough to be weighed or assessed; appreciable apprehension [æ prihénʃən] n. 불안, 두려움; 이해 1. fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; dread 2. the act of seizing or capturing; arrest 3. the ability to apprehend or understand; understanding apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration (A << B) apprehensible [æ prihénsebl] a. 이해할 수 있는, 감지될 수 있 는 capable of being understood apprehensible : perceive :: (감지할 수 있는 : 감지하다) apprehensive [æ prihénsiv] a. 불안한, 염려하는 apprehensive : dire :: (A << B) apprise [əpráiz] v. 알리다, 통지하다 : to give notice to; inform apprise : information :: admonish : warning apprise withhold information When he was apprised of the dangerous weather conditions, he decided to postpone his trip. apprentice [əpréntis] n. 초심자 : novice approbation [æ proubéiʃən] n. 칭찬, 승인 : COMMENDATION, PRAISE 1. an expression of warm approval; praise 2. official approval 16

17 praise : approbation :: demur : objection :: cajole : blandishment (EQUAL, 동 : 명) demur 반대하다 to voice opposition; object censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible (OPPOSITE) reprehensible 비난받아야 할, 괘씸한 deserving rebuke or censure; blameworthy endorse : approbation :: (A represent B) approbation execration, condemnation execration 혐오, 저주 approachable [əpróut əbl] a. 접근할 수 있는, 가까기 하기 쉬운 예; an approachable man 친해지기 쉬운 사람 approachable : intimate 친해지기 쉬운 : 친한 (A이면 B하다) appropriate [əpróuprièit] a. 적합한 : FITTING : suitable for a particular person, condition, occasion, or place; fitting meet inappropriate, unsuitable apt extremely inappropriate apt 적절한, 적합한; 영리한 appropriate [əpróuprièit] v. (특정 목적에) 사용/전용하다 1. to set apart for a specific use 2. to take possession of or make use of exclusively for oneself, often without permission lurk : wait :: abscond : depart lurk 숨어서 기다리다, 잠복하다 lurk : concealment :: purloin : appropriation smuggler : import :: embezzler : appropriate appropriate surrender appropriate demise demise 사망, 서거; 양도 approve [əprúːv] v.t. 찬성하다, 승인하다 1. to consider right or good; think or speak favorably of 2. to consent to officially or formally; confirm or sanction substantiate disapprove substantiate 확증하다; 구체화하다, 실현시키다 approximate [əprɑḱsəmèit / -rɔḱ-] a. 대략의 1. almost exact or correct 2. very similar; closely resembling paraphrase : verbatim :: approximation : precise (OPPOSITE) verbatim 똑같은 말로, 말 그대로 using exactly the same words; corresponding word for word stickler : approximation, imprecision :: purist : adulteration apron [éiprən] n. 보호판, 앞치마 : a shield to protect against erosion (as of a waterway) by water lamp : illuminate :: apron : protect (PURPOSE) drop cloth : floor :: apron : clothing (A protect B) drop cloth (페인트칠을 할 때 등의) 방울막이 천 apropos [æ prəpóu] a. 적절한 : PERTINENT apropos irrelevant apt [æpt] a. 적절한, 영리한 : READY, LIKELY 1. exactly suitable; appropriate 2. having a natural tendency; inclined 3. quick to learn or understand apt extremely inappropriate, unlikely aptness unsuitability aquarium [ekwɛ (:)əriəm] n. 수조, 수족관 aquarium : fish :: arboretum : tree aquatic [əkwǽtik, əkwɑ t- / əkwɔ t-] a. 물의 aquatic : water :: aerial : air :: arboreal : tree :: sidereal : star aqueous [éikwiəs, ǽk- éik-] a. 물의 aqueous : water :: ferrous : iron 물의 : 물 :: 철의 : 철 aqueduct [ǽkwədʌ kt] n. 수로 : a conduit for water; one for carrying a large quantity of flowing water aqueduct : water :: pipeline : gas :: vessel : blood vessel 배; 용기, 그릇; 혈관, 도관 aquifer [ǽkwəfər, ɑ ːk-] n. 대수층(지하수를 내장한 침투성 지층) mineshaft, shaft : lode :: well : aquifer (A는 B로 들어가는 통로) shaft [채광] 수갱 mineshaft; a vertical, sloping passageway made in the earth for finding or mining ore and ventilating underground excavations lode 광맥; (비유적) 풍부한 원천/공급 arachnid [ərǽknid] n. 거미류 절지동물 (거미, 지네 등) spider : arachnid :: orange : fruit (A B) arbiter [á:rbitər] n. 중재자, 조정인 1. one chosen or appointed to judge or decide a disputed issue; an arbitrator 2. one who has the power to judge or ordain at will arbiter : decide :: broker : negotiate (A는 B가 잘 되도록 돕는 사람) (consultant : examine 관계는 오답) initiative : entrepreneur :: impartiality : arbiter arbor [á:rbə:r] n. 나무 그늘의 휴식 장소 arbor : shelter :: hedgerow : fence (A B, 혹은 A는 B의 기능을 함) hedgerow 생울타리 arboreal [ɑːrbɔ ːriəl] a. 나무의 arboreal : trees :: sidereal : stars :: aquatic : water arboretum [ɑ ːrbəríːtəm] n. 수목원 arboretum : wilderness ::(B lack A) wilderness 황야, 황무지, 무인 지대 arboretum : tree :: arboretum : trees :: arcane [ɑːrkéin] a. 불가사의한 : known or understood by only a few arcane well-known archaic [ɑːrkéiik] a. 고대의; 고풍의, 낡은 : ANTIQUATED 1. of, relating to, or characteristic of a much earlier, often more primitive period 2. no longer current or applicable; antiquated 3. of, relating to, or characteristic of words and language that were once common but are now used chiefly to suggest an earlier style or period archaic : currency :: irrelevant : pertinency :: evanescent : permanence :: meteoric : constancy (WITHOUT 혹은 OPPOSITE) evanescent ; vanishing or likely to vanish like vapor meteoric 유성의; 일시적인 archaic : current : evanescent : perpetual archaic current archaism [ɑ ːrkiìzəm, -kei-] n. 고어, 고풍 : an archaic word, phrase, idiom, or other expression archaism modern diction, neologism archetype [ɑ ːrkitàip] 원형, 전형 PROTOTYPE 1. an original model or type after which other similar things are patterned; a prototype 2. an ideal example of a type; quintessence harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify (EQUAL, 명 : 동) harbinger 선구자; 전조, 조짐 one that indicates or foreshadows what is to come; a forerunner 17

18 presage 예감, 육감; 전조, 조짐; 예지, 선견 archipelago [ɑ ːrkəpéləgòu] n. 군도, 다도해 : a group of islands archipelago : island :: range (산맥) : mountain :: chain : link :: school : fish archipelago : islands :: grove : trees :: galaxy : stars :: bouquet : flowers grove 작은 숲; 과수원 oasis : desert :: archipelago : ocean :: glade : wood glade 숲 속의 빈터 architect [ɑ ːrkitèkt] n. 건축가 choreographer : movement :: architect : building (A compose B) (sculptor : statue 관계는 오답) archive [ɑ ːrkaiv] n. 공문서 보관소 1. often archives a place or collection containing records, documents, or other materials of historical interest 2. a repository for stored memories or information archive : book :: museum : painting archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon arsenal [á:rsənəl] 무기고 archive : records :: museum : artifacts, paintings book : library :: file : archive archness [ɑːrtʃnis] n. 주요함/교활함 archness straightness archness subordinate/obedience arch [ɑ:rt ] n. 아치, 만곡 a. 주요한, 주된; 장난기 있는 1. chief; principal 2. mischievous; roguish roguish [róugiʃ] 깡패의, 건달의; 장난치는, 짓궂은 archness straightness archness subordinate, obedience arctic [ɑ ːrktik] a. 몹시 추운, 북극의 : FRIGID : extremely cold torrid arctic ardent [á:rd:ənt] adj. 정열적인, 열심인; 맹렬한 1. expressing or characterized by warmth of feeling; passionate 2. displaying or characterized by strong enthusiasm or devotion; fervent 3. a. burning; fiery b. glowing; shining ardent arctic, dispassionate, apathetic, indifferent arctic a. 쌀쌀한, 냉담한 ardent : zeal :: ascetic : self-denial :: glutton : overindulgence :: busybody : intrusiveness (A한 사람은 B한 성격을 가짐, 형:명) ardor [ɑ ːrdər] n. 열정, 열의 : INTENSITY 1. fiery intensity of feeling 2. strong enthusiasm or devotion; zeal 3. intense heat or glow, as of fire assuage : sorrow :: dampen : ardor :: alleviate : strength torpor ardor torpor 마비 상태, 무감각, 무관심 arduous [ɑ ːrdʒuəs / -dju-] a. 힘겨운, 부단히 노력하는 1. demanding great effort or labor; difficult 2. testing severely the powers of endurance; strenuous 3. hard to traverse, climb, or surmount arduous facile, painless, undemanding facile [fǽsil] 경쾌한, 술술 움직이는; 손쉬운, 용이한 argot [ɑ ːrgout, -gət] n. 은어 argot standard language, common verbalism aria [a:riə] n.영창, 아리아 opera : aria :: play : monologue arid [ǽrid] a. 건조한 1. lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or woody plants 2. lacking interest or feeling; lifeless and dull * aridness n. marsh : sodden :: desert : arid marsh 습지, 늪지대 sodden 흠뻑 젖은(soaked) arid damp, marshy aridness humidness armory [ɑ ːrməri] n. 병기고 : a place where arms and military equipment are stored pantry : food :: armory : weapons pantry 찬장 arousal [əráuzəl] n. 각성, 환기 stimulation : arousal :: pathogen : diseasing (A make B) pathogen 병원균, 병원체 arouse [əráuz] 깨우다; 환기시키다, 유발하다 1. to awake from or as if from sleep 2. to stir up; excite phlegmatic : arouse :: (A = B하기 힘든) quell, quash, quench arouse, foment, instigate, rouse, incite, stir up arrest [ərést] v.t. (진행 등을) 저지하다; 체포하다 1. to stop; check 2. to seize and hold under the authority of law 3. to capture and hold briefly (the attention, for example); engage arrest vitalize, stimulate, advance, forward, promote arresting [əréstiŋ] a. 이목을 끄는 : STRIKING, IMPRESSIVE : attracting and holding the attention blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting (A는 B하게 한다) blatant 뻔뻔스러운; 떠들썩한 odious 혐오할, 불쾌한 arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure arresting banal arrhythmic [əríðmik] a. 규칙적이 아닌 arrhythmic : regularity :: apathetic : concern arrhythmic exhibiting regularity, regular arrogance [ǽrəgəns] n. 거만 : a feeling or an impression of superiority manifested in an overbearing manner or presumptuous claims arrogant a. 1. making or disposed to make claims to unwarranted importance or consideration out of overbearing pride 2. marked by or arising from arrogance arrogance the state or quality of being arrogant; overbearing pride mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance (OPPOSITE) prodigal 낭비하는, 방탕한; 대범한, 아낌없이 주는 meek 참을성 있는, 온순한, 온화한; 굴종적인 confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory (명사 : 형용사) interrogatory 질문의; 의심스러워하는 asking a question; of the nature of a question = interrogative intentional : accidental : arrogant : humble (OPPOSITE) arrogance : defer :: lassitude : stir (A하면 B하기 어렵다) defer 미루다, 연기하다; 양보하다, 존중하다 lassitude 피곤, 나른함, 무관심 a state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or listlessness 18

19 frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant :: wary : paranoid (A << B) arroyo [ərɔíou] n. 작은 협곡 : a deep gully cut by an intermittent stream grotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel (A << B) grotto [grátou] 작은 동굴 a small cave or cavern arsenal [ɑ ːrsənəl] n. 병기고 archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon artery [ɑ :rtəri] n. 동맥; 간선 수로/도로 : a major route of transportation into which local routes flow artery : plaque :: channel : silt (B = A의 흐름을 방해) articulate [ɑːrtíkjəlit] a. 똑똑히 발음된 v.t. 명확히 말하다 a. 1. composed of distinct, meaningful syllables or words, as human speech 2. expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language 3. characterized by the use of clear, expressive language v.t. 1. to pronounce distinctly and carefully; enunciate 2. to utter (a speech sound) by making the necessary movements of the speech organs 3. to express in coherent verbal form; give words to 4. to fit together into a coherent whole; unify articulate : talk :: graceful : move ratiocination : thinking :: articulation : talking ratiocinate [ræ iásənei/-tiɔś-] 추론/추리하다 to reason methodically and logically articulate : clearly :: shout : loudly articulate : speech :: graceful : movement articulate : unclear :: elaborate : sketchy artifact [ɑ ːrtəfæ kt] n. 인공물, 가공품 1. an object produced or shaped by human craft, especially a tool, a weapon, or an ornament of archaeological or historical interest 2. a typical product or result archive : records :: museum : artifacts artifice [ɑ ːrtəfis] n. 책략, 기만 1. an artful or crafty expedient; a stratagem 2. subtle but base deception; trickery 3. cleverness or skill; ingenuity artifice candor artisan [ɑ ːrtəzən / ɑ ːrtizǽn, - -] n. 장인 : a skilled manual worker; a craftsperson artisan : potter :: entertainer : comedian (A B) artless [ɑ ːrtlis] a. 꾸밈없는, 엉성한 1. having or displaying no guile, cunning, or deceit 2. free of artificiality; natural 3. lacking art, knowledge, or skill; uncultured and ignorant 4. poorly made or done; crude artless : guile :: impartial : bias :: informal : ceremony blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless (OPPOSITE) blemish (명성 등을) 해치다, 더럽히다 impeccable 죄가 없는; 나무랄 데 없는 guile n. 엉큼한 꾀, 간사함 artlessness : guile :: dabbler : dedication artlessness : calculating :: (A lack B) artless cunning, sly, disingenuous, affected, guileful, sophisticated, duplicitous, urbane, calculating sly 교활한, 간교한; 음흉한 disingenuous 솔직하지 않은, 부정직한, 불성실한 not straightforward or candid; crafty ingenuous 솔직한, 성실한; 순진한, 꾸밈없는 = artless guile; treacherous cunning; skillful deceit artlessness duplicity, guile duplicity 표리부동, 불성실 artlessness urbanity, sophistication, affectation, sophism urbanity 도시풍; 세련된 태도 refinement and elegance of manner; polished courtesy affectation 꾸미기, 가장; 허세 부림, 잘난 체하는 태도 sophism 1. a plausible but fallacious argument 2. deceptive or fallacious argumentation ascend [əsénd] v. 올라가다, 상승하다; (지위 등이) 높아지다 v.i. 1. to go or move upward; rise 2. to slope upward v.t. 1. to move upward upon or along; climb 2. to succeed to; occupy * ascendency 우세, 우월, 지배력 Superiority or decisive advantage; domination * ascendant = ascendent [əséndənt] n. 우세 : DOMINATION a. 우세한 : a state or position of dominant power or importance ascendant having no influence, having no power, declining ascendant nonentity nonentity 보잘 것 없는 사람/것; 상상의 것 ascend decline, go down ascendency lack of influence, nonentity ascetic [əsétik] a. n. 금욕의, 금욕주의자 1. leading a life f self-discipline and self-denial, especially for spiritual improvement 2. pertaining to or characteristic of an ascetic; self-denying ascetic : self-denial :: glutton : overindulgence :: busybody : intrusiveness :: ardent : zeal glutton 대식가, 폭식가; 열중하는 사람 busybody 참견쟁이 intrusive 끼어드는; 침입하는 ascetic : self-denial :: bodybuilding : self-development ascetic : luxury :: teetotaler : alcohol (A는 B를 하지 않는다) teetotaler one who abstains completely from alcoholic beverages ascetic sybarite, voluptuary, sumptuous, indulgent, hedonic sybarite 쾌락주의자 voluptuary [vəlʌṕtʃuèri] 주색에 빠진 사람, 방탕자 hedonism 쾌락주의 pursuit of or devotion to pleasure, especially to the pleasures of the senses sumptuous 값진, 고가의; 호화로운, 사치스러운 ascetic hedonist (명사) asceticism indulgence aseptic [əséptik, ei-] a. 무균의 aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs anesthetic n. 마취제 a. 마취의; 무감각한, 둔감한 aseptic contaminated aside [əsáid] n. 방백; 혼잣말; 여담, 탈선 1. a piece of dialogue intended for the audience and supposedly not heard by the other actors on stage 2. a remark made in an undertone so as to be inaudible to others nearby 3. a parenthetical departure; a digression aside : digression :: overture : introduction (CHARACTER) aside : digression :: summary : excerpt excerpt 발췌; 인용 ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent askew [əskjúː] adv. 비스듬히, 비뚤어지게 a. 비스듬한 : AWRY : to one side awry [ərái] 구부러져, 비스듬히; (예측이) 빗나간, 잘못된 put up a poster askew 포스터를 비스듬하게 붙이다 19

20 askew aligned, straight, orderly aspect [ǽspekt] n. 외관, 외형 : EXPOSURE : a position facing a particular direction transfigure : aspect :: transfer : location (A = B를 바꿈) transfigure 외관을 바꾸다, 변모시키다; 거룩하게 하다 (transfix : attention 관계는 오답) transfix 찌르다, 꿰뚫다(pierce); (공포 등으로) 꼼짝 못하게 하다 asperity [æspérəti] n. 퉁명스러움, 모질게 함 : HARSHNESS 1. a. roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate b. severity; rigor 2. roughness of manner or of temper; ill temper or irritability asperity mildness of temper, amicability, amiability, mildness, soothingness aspersion [əspə ːrʒən, -ʃən] n. 비방, 중상; (가톨릭) 성수례 1. a. an unfavorable or damaging remark; slander b. the act of defaming or slandering 2. a sprinkling, especially with holy water aspersion : discredit :: canard : deceive (목적) canard 유언비어, 헛소문 deceive 속이다, 사기하다, 현혹시키다 aspersion : discredit :: sop : placate aspersion glowing tribute, flattery aspiration [æ spəréiʃən] n. 열망, 포부, 대망; 염원, 소망; 흡기 1. expulsion of breath in speech 2. (linguistics) a. the pronunciation of a consonant with an aspirate b. a speech sound produced with an aspirate 3. the act of breathing in; inhalation 4. (medicine) the process of removing fluids or gases from the body with a suction device 5. a. a strong desire for high achievement b. an object of such desire; an ambition aspire v. 갈망하다; 치솟다 1. to have a great ambition or ultimate goal; desire strongly 2. to strive toward an end 3. to soar 날아오르다, 활공하다; (희망 등이) 솟구치다 audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility (OPPOSITE) audacious 대담한, 호기로운; 안하무인의; 기운찬, 활기찬 trepidation 전율, 공포, 놀람; 당황, 혼란 laconic 간결한; 무뚝뚝한 using or marked by the use of few words; terse or concise aspirant : quarry :: hunter : prey (A = B하는 사람) quarry 채석하다; 고생하며 찾다, 뒤지다 assail [əséil] v. 습격/공격하다; (질문 등으로) 괴롭히다; (일 등을) 착수하다 1. to attack with or as if with violent blows; assault 2. to attack verbally, as with ridicule or censure 3. to trouble; beset assail champion, endorse, extol, vindicate endorse 시인/승인하다, 지지하다, 격찬하다; 배서하다 vindicate 비난을 풀다; 옹호하다, 지지하다 assay [əséi] n. 시금( 試 金 ), 분석 v. 분석 시험(시금)하다 1. a. qualitative or quantitative analysis of a substance, especially of an ore or drug, to determine its components b. a substance to be so analyzed c. the result of such an analysis 2. an analysis or examination assay : objective :: (CHARACTER) assert [əsə ːrt] v.t. 단언하다, 주장하다 : to state or express positively calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony (OPPOSITE) calumny 비방, 중상 perjury 위증; 거짓, 허위 assert : belabor :: tend : fuss (A << B) 주장하다 : 장황하게 논의하다 :: 주의하다, 신경쓰다 : 안달하다, 야 단법석하다 assertive [əsə ːrtiv] a. 단정적인, 독단적인 : disposed to or characterized by bold or confident assertion; aggressively self-assured obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive (B하면 A하다, A에는 B의 특성이 있다) obsequious 아부하는, 추종하는 full of or exhibiting servile compliance belligerent 호전적인, 싸우기 좋아하는 assertive ; inclined to bold or confident assertion; aggressively selfassured bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful (A >> B) bumptious 거만한, 오만한(arrogant); 주제넘게 참견하는 crudely or loudly assertive; pushy garish 지나치게 화려한 unassertive brassy brassy 놋쇠로 만든, 놋쇠 빛깔의; 귀에 거슬리는, 시끄러운; 뻔뻔스 러운, 철면피의; 저속한 assess [əsés] v. 평가하다 1. to estimate the value of (property) for taxation 2. to set or determine the amount of (a payment, such as a tax or fine) 3. to charge (a person or property) with a special payment, such as a tax or fine 4. to determine the value, significance, or extent of; appraise assess : value :: plumb : depth asset [ǽset] n. 자산 asset liability liability 부채, 채무(debts) assiduous [əsídʒuəs] a. 꾸준한; 근면한, 부지런한 1. constant in application or attention; diligent 2. unceasing; persistent assiduous : diligent :: bootless : futile (CHARACTER) assiduous : sluggish :: (OPPOSITE) rakish : restraint :: slothful : assiduity (OPPOSITE) rakish 방탕한, 난봉 부리는 slothful 나태한, 게으른 disinclined to work or exertion; lazy assiduous indolent, desultory, slipshod, remiss, careless indolent 게으른, 나태한 desultory 종잡을 수 없는, 막연한 slipshod 단정치 못한, 되는 대로의 remiss 태만한, 성의 없는, 덜렁대는 assistance [əsíst:əns] n. 원조, 도움, 보조 1. the act of assisting 2. aid; help assistance interference assuage [əswéidʒ] v.t. 완화(진정)시키다, 만족시키다 : APPEASE, EASE 1. to make (something burdensome or painful) less intense or severe 2. to satisfy or appease (hunger or thirst, for example) 3. to pacify or calm assuage : sorrow :: dampen : ardor assuage intensify, inflame, exacerbate, vex, incite, aggravate, chafe, irritate inflame 타오르게 하다, 자극하다, 흥분시키다 chafe 비벼서 따뜻하게 하다, 닳게 하다; 괴롭히다, 화나게 하다 gall calm, assuage gall 담즙; 쓸개; 쓰라림, 고통; 증오, 원한 assume [əsjúːm] v.t. 20