Dictionary Microsoft Bookshelf - NEWACE English-Korean Dictionary, 2nd Edition - American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 3rd Edition Upd

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1 ` Copyright c , mkwind_force@hotmail.com (Copyright c , hgycap@hotmail.com)

2 Dictionary Microsoft Bookshelf - NEWACE English-Korean Dictionary, 2nd Edition - American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 3rd Edition Update History ver 한국GRE 4.0 으로 작성 ver 한국GRE 4.5 update 반영 ver KOREA GRE Fifth Edition 반영 ver Revised and Modified through Proofreading ver 표제어 추가 및 英 英 풀이를 표제어 위주로 수정 ver GRE Verbal Rainbow Bible 0801 version 반영 ver 기출대전 v. 2.0 Antonym 반영 ( ) ver ?????????? ver 발음기호 추가 및 통지1.1(1.1.4) 반영 ( ) Notations ( ) : 관계가 명확하지 않음 ( ) : 관계가 서로 다름 [한] : 한컴 사전(Essence English-Korean Dictionary) 참조 L : Longman, Dictionary of Contemporary English 참조 C : Collins COBUILD Dictionary 참조 : 답 아님 : 어원 Copyright c , hgycap@hotmail.com Copyright c , mkwind_force@hotmail.com

3 A abacus [ǽbәkәs] n. abacus : calculate :: balance (저울) : weigh abacus : calculate :: sextant : navigate abacus : calculated :: balance : weighted abandon [әbǽndәn] n. : a complete surrender of inhibitions abandon : inhibition :: despair : hope (A lack B) abandon : inhibition :: agitation : tranquility abandon : inhibition :: volubility : terseness :: voluble : terse abandon : inhibition :: consciousness : numbness salvage abandon abase [әbéis] vt. (, ) : DEGRADE to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem abase : stature :: lower : height abase : status :: shorten : length stature, ;, status, ; ; ( ), abase : prestige :: damp : ardor prestige,,,, damp ; ; ardor curtail : duration :: abase : strength abase extol abash [әbǽʃ] vt. : DISCONCERT to destroy the self-possession or selfconfidence of unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded : announcement abash = embarrass, herald = announce embolden abash, faze, cow embolden to foster boldness or courage in; encourage faze to disrupt the composure of; disconcert abate [әbéit] v. (,,, ) : MODERATE 1. to reduce in amount, degree, or intensity; lessen 2. to deduct from an amount; subtract abate : tax :: alleviate : distress alleviate to make (pain, for example) more bearable abate : degree :: discount : price :: fade : loudness :: decelerate : speed :: shrink : size abate : force :: attenuate : thickness attenuate, abate : intensity :: taper : width :: fade : loudness :: decelerate : speed taper ; abatement : intensity :: deceleration : speed thin : density, intensity :: abate : length abate : length :: alleviate : power abate : value :: constrict : diameter abate intensify, promote, increase in intensity, augment abbreviate [әbrí vièit] vt., : to reduce (a word or phrase) to a shorter form intended to represent the full form abbreviation [줄이는 행동, 줄여진 상태 모두를 나타냄] 1. the act or product of shortening 2. a shortened form of a word or phrase used chiefly in writing to represent the complete form abbreviate : sentence :: abridge : essay abbreviation : sentence :: abridgment : essay abbreviation : sentence :: synopsis : narrative (A = B를 줄인 것) synopsis narrative, abbreviation : word :: abridgment : article abbreviation : word :: synopsis : article abbreviate : length :: attenuate : thickness abbreviate : letter :: abridge : word abbreviate extend, protract abdicate [ǽbdikèit] v. : to renounce a throne, high office, dignity, or function recant : belief :: abdicate : throne recant, abdicate : throne :: resign : office abdicate constitute constitute ; ;, abdicate assume assume, ;, ; ( ) abdicate usurp usurp, aberrant [әbérәnt, ǽbәr- ] a., : ATYPICAL deviating from the proper or expected course aberration : course :: digression : theme aberrant : standard :: digressive : topic aberrant typical, normal abet [әbét] vt. ;, 1. to approve, encourage, and support (an action or a plan of action); urge and help on 2. to urge, encourage, or help (a person) abet : assistance :: counsel : guidance (A = B를 하다, 동 : 명) abet : encouragement :: elucidate : clarity elucidate to make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify abet : assistance :: counsel : guidance abet thwart, impede, stymie, frustrate, obstruct, forestall, hinder stymie, forestall, ; ( ) abeyance [әbéiәns] n. ( ) : SUSPENSION temporary inactivity abeyance continuance, fulfillment abhor [æbhɔ r] vt. : LOATHE to regard with extreme repugnance abhorrence : dislike :: adoration : fondness (A >> B) abhor greatly admire abiding [әbáidiŋ] a., : ENDURING, CONTINUING lasting for a long time; enduring abiding evanescent, ephemeral, transient miscreant law-abiding individual miscreant <mískriәnt> ;, abject [ǽbdʒekt, -- ] a. SERVILE, SPIRITLESS 1. brought low in condition or status 2. being of the most contemptible kind 3. being of the most miserable kind abject exultant, spirited, exciting exultant, marked by great joy or jubilation; triumphant abjure [æbdʒúәr / әb-] vt. ( ), 1. to renounce under oath; forswear 2. to recant solemnly; repudiate 3. to give up (an action or practice, for example)

4 abjure : reject :: ( ) abjure embrace, espouse, affirm abnegate [ǽbnigèit] vt. (, ) : SURRENDER, RELINQUISH abnegate reaffirm abolish [ b' li ] v., 1. to do away with; annul 2. to destroy completely abolish establish abolition, ; (A-) 1. the act of doing away with or the state of being done away with; annulment 2. abolishment of slavery anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery (A break B) abolition persistence in slavery abolitionism [æ bәlíʃәnìzәm] n. anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery (A = B에 반대하는 사 람) abominate [әbɑḿәnèit / әbɔḿ-] v. : to detest thoroughly; abhor abominate esteem aboveboard [әbʌ vbɔ rd] a. : in a straightforward manner surreptitious barefaced, aboveboard surreptitious, ; chicanery aboveboard action chicanery,, deception by trickery or sophistry; a trick abrade [ br'eid] 1. to wear down or rub away by friction; erode 2. to make weary through constant irritation; wear down spiritually abrade augment abrasion [әbréiʒәn] n., abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration (B cause A) desiccate, ; abraded : friction :: vaporized : heat scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization (A lead to B) scuff, lubricate : abrasion :: seal : leakage (A prevent B) lubricate, abrade augment abridge [әbrídʒ] vt. : CONDENSE 1. to reduce the length of (a written text); condense 2. to cut short; curtail abbreviate : sentence :: abridge : essay abbreviation : word :: abridgment : article abridge : length :: attenuate : thickness :: abase : prestige prestige, abridge extend in length, amplify, protract protract to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong abridgement extension condensed unabridged abrogate [ǽbrәgèit] v. ( ) : ANNUL to abolish by authoritative action abrogate uphold, embrace, institute abscission [æbsíʒәn, -ʃәn] n. : REMOVAL the act or process of cutting off abscission process of grafting graft,, abscond [æbskɑńd / -skɔńd] v. :to depart secretly and hide oneself abscond : depart, leave :: pilfer, steal : take pilfer to steal (a small amount or item) abscond : depart :: eavesdrop : listen :: shadow : follow :: secrete : store follow : shadow :: leave : abscond :: plot : scheme abscond : depart :: lurk : wait lurk, ;, lurk : wait :: purloin : appropriate (DEFECTIVE) (purloin과 appropriate는 모두 DEFECTIVE) ( ) purloin <pә:rlɔ in> to steal, often in a violation of trust appropriate ;, absolute [ǽbsәlù t] a. 1. perfect in quality or nature; complete 2. not mixed; pure 3. a. not limited by restriction or exceptions; unconditional b. unqualified in extent or degree; total 4. unconstrained by constitutional or other provisions absolute qualified qualified / ; absolve [æbzɑĺv, -sɑĺv / -zɔĺv] vt., 1. to pronounce clear of guilt or blame, 2. to relieve of a requirement or an obligation exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir (형 : 동) exculpate to clear of guilt or blame hortative : encourage :: exculpatory : absolve hortative, hortatory, marked by strong urging absolve inculpate, indict inculpate = incriminate, ; indict, ; / absorb [æbsɔ rb, -zɔ rb] vt. ; 1. to take (something) in through or as through pores or interstices 2. to occupy the full attention, interest, or time of; engross absorb : sponge :: seal : caulk absorb dissipate, exude, reflect exude ( ) / abstain [æbstéin] vi. : to refrain deliberately and often with an effort of self-denial from an action or practice mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain (A require B) mandatory ;,, abstemious [æbstí miәs] a. : marked by restraint especially in the consumption of food or alcohol abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate (OPPOSITE, 형 : 동) austere,,, abstemious : indulge :: intransigent : control intransigent, reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge reticent, ;, gorge ; cf. gorgeous, ;, abstinent indulging, intemperate, gluttonous glutton ; gluttonous, ; abstinence [ǽbstәnәns] n. ; 1. the act or practice of refraining from indulging an appetite, as for food

5 2. abstention from alcoholic beverages abstinence : drunkenness :: celibacy : promiscuity celibacy ; promiscuity, ; abstract [æbstrǽkt], ; (epitomize), ; : to draw away the attention of abstract elaborate elaborate to express at greater length or in greater detail abstract attention accentuate underplay underplay accessible [æksésәbәl] a., capable of being understood or appreciated 1. easily approached or entered 2. easily obtained 3. easy to talk to or get along with, 4. easily swayed or influenced cache : hidden :: summit : inaccessible (CHARACTER) abstruse accessible, patent abstraction [æbstræk : n] 1. a. the act or process of abstracting or the state of having been abstracted b. an abstract concept, idea, or term c. an abstract quality 2. preoccupation; absent-mindedness 3. an abstract work of art abstraction attention abstruse [æbstrú s] a. : RECONDITE difficult to comprehend abstruse : comprehension :: indiscernible : vision abstruse accessible, explicit, patent, manifest patent, ; (obvious, plain) abuse [әbjú s] / [әbjú z] v. : REVILE 1. to use wrongly or improperly; misuse 2. to hurt or injure by maltreatment; ill-use 3. to assail with contemptuous, coarse, or insulting words diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery diatribe, burlesque, polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive (명 : 형) polemic, invective,, declamation : grandiloquence :: diatribe : abuse (EQUAL) declamation ;, grandiloquence, pompous or bombastic speech or expression diatribe a bitter, abusive denunciation abut [әbʌ t] v. : to touch along a border or with a projecting part contiguous : abut :: simultaneous : coincide (형 : 동) abysmal [әbízmәl] a.,, stygian : dark :: abysmal : low (A >> B) Styx, accede [æksí d] v. 1. to give one's consent, often at the insistence of nother; concede 2. to arrive at or come into an office or dignity 3. to become a party to an agreement or treaty accede demur, dissent, oppose demur to voice opposition; object dissent v.i., accelerate [æksélәrèit] v., expedite : process :: accelerate : pace expedite, ; ; accelerate : speed :: prolong : duration accelerate retard accentuate [ækséntʃuèit] v. ; ; accessory [æksésәri] n, a., : ADJUNCT 1. a subordinate or supplementary item; an adjunct 2. something nonessential but desirable that contributes to an effect or result accessory of primarily importance accidental [æ ksidéntl] a. : occurring unexpectedly or by chance inventiveness : accidental :: effect : casual (OPPOSITE) casual,, safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss (A = B로부터 보호) hedge ;, intentional : accidental :: arrogant : humble (OPPOSITE) acclimate [æ klәḿèit, әkláimit] vt. : to adapt to a new temperature, altitude, climate, environment, or situation; adapt adapt to make suitable to or fit for a specific use or situation acclimate become unaccustomed, disaccustom, make unfamiliar with, make unaccustomed acclimated unaccustomed accolade [ǽkәlèid] n. ( );, accolade excoriating remark, cutting remark excoriate ; accolade swearword, censure, denunciation, reproof, reprobation, disapprobation, denigration, castigation, criticism swearword, denigrate ;, ( ) accolade derogate, speak ill, excoriate derogate (, ), ; deplore accolade, extol deplore ; accommodate [әk ḿәdèit / әkɔ m-] v., ; ; ; 1. to do a favor or service for; oblige 2. to provide for; supply with 3. to hold comfortably without crowding 4. to make suitable; adapt 5. to allow for; consider 6. to settle; reconcile accommodate : supply :: obliterate : remove (A = B) obliterate, accomplice [әk ḿplis / әkʌḿ-] n. one who aids or abets a lawbreaker in a criminal act, either as a principal or an accessory accost [әkɔ ( )st, әk śt] vt. : to approach and speak to often in a aggressive, hostile, or sexually suggestive manner accost : approach :: importune : request (A >> B) importune ; beset, ; ;

6 accountability [әkàuntәbílәti] n. accountable 1. liable to being called to account; answerable 2. that can be explained an accountable phenomenon accrete [әkrí t] v. : ACCUMULATE : to make larger or greater, as by increased growth accretion a. growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion b. something added externally to promote such growth or increase accrete : growth :: erode : destruction accrete : grow :: inch : advance (A << B) inch to move or cause to move slowly or by small degrees accrete wear away accretion reduction in substance caused by erosion capitulate categorical ; acquiesce defy, resist, refute defy, ; refute ; acquisition [æ kwәzíʃәn] n., divestiture acquisition divest ( ) ; ( ) acquit [әkwít] vt. 1. (law) to free or clear from a charge or accusation, 2. to release or discharge from a duty ( ) acre [e ikәr] [ ];, ream : paper :: acre : land accumulate [әkjú mjәlèit] v., : AMASS : to gather or pile up especially little by little accumulate dissipate accumulation dissipation accuse [әkjú z] v. : BLAME 1. to charge with a shortcoming or an error 2. to charge formally with a wrongdoing acerbic [әsә rbik] a., : sour or bitter, as in taste, character, or tone acerbic sweet, saccharine saccharine <sæ kәrì:n> ; ; acerbity saccharine achromatic [æ krәmǽtik] a. : designating color perceived to have zero saturation and therefore no hue, such as neutral grays, white, or black hue 색조; 특색, 경향 1. the property of colors by which they can be perceived as ranging from red through yellow, green, and blue, as determined by the dominant wavelength of the light 2. a particular gradation of color; a shade or tint 3. color 4. appearance; aspect achromatic : hue :: transitory : permanence (A lack B) achromatic : hue :: extraneous : essence :: transitory : permanence (LACK) acid ; / 1. a substance having a sour taste 2. the quality of being sarcastic, bitter, or scornful acid savory acme [ǽkmi] n., : APEX, CULMINATION, ZENITH acme : surpass :: impossibility : execute (B할 수 없는 상태 = A) surpass, acme : mountain :: crest : wave (A = B의 정점, 꼭대기) vagary : predict :: acme : surpass (A면 B하기 힘들다) vagary, an extravagant or erratic notion or action acme nadir acquiesce [æ kwiés] v. : to accept, comply, or submit tacitly or passively intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend intransigent, deferential, acquiesce : yielding :: capitulate : categorical (OPPOSITE, A에는 마지 못해 하는 뉘앙스가 있음) yielding inclined to give way to pressure, argument, or influence; docile acrid [ǽkrid] a., : IRRITATING 1. unpleasantly sharp, pungent, or bitter to the taste or smell 2. caustic in language or tone acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile (A lack B) grating, strident : sound :: acrid : odor strident, acrid : odor :: grating, piercing : sound acrid gentle, savory savory ;, ;, acrimonious [æ krәmóuniәs] a., : caustic, biting, or rancorous especially in feeling, language, or manner uninformative : knowledge :: acrimonious : goodwill (LACK) acrimonious harmonious acumen [әkjú mәn, ǽkjә-] n., : quickness, accuracy, and keenness of judgment or insight alacrity : prompt :: acumen : shrewd (EQUAL, 명 : 형) shrewd,, acumen obtuseness, bluntness, unable to discerning blunt,,, acute [әkjú t] a.,,, perspicacity : acute :: caprice : whimsical perspicacity (acuteness); (penetration) fatuous acute fatuous, ; acute mild ad hoc [æd-hɑḱ, -hóuk] adj. ad. 1. for the specific purpose, case, or situation at hand and for no other a. 1. formed for or concerned with one specific purpose 2. improvised and often impromptu adage,, a saying that sets forth a general truth and that has gained credit through long use adamant [ǽdәmәnt, -mæǹt] a., : UNYIELDING : unshakable or immovable especially in opposition adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control refractory, ; obstinately resistant to authority or control impossible : execute :: adamant : move adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble (A = B하지 않는) gamble, ;

7 adamant vacillatory, moved, inclined to yield, easily change mind, flexible, irresolute, pliable, yielding vacillatory inclined to waver; irresolute adapt [әdǽpt] vt., : to make suitable to or fit for a specific use or situation adapt remain unchanged adaptable unchangeable addendum [әdéndәm] n. : something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book addendum : document :: postscript : letter addict vt. ; 1. to devote or give (oneself) habitually or compulsively 2. to cause to become compulsively and physiologically dependent on a habit-forming substance disabuse : error :: rehabilitate : addiction (A = B에서 벗어나다) addicted [әdíktid] a., addict to devote or surrender (oneself) to something habitually or obsessively inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency (A = B를 가지고 있는) inure, adept [әdépt] /[ǽdept] adj., : very skilled complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit (OPPOSITE) complaisance ; the inclination to comply willingly with the wishes of others; amiability adept bungling, clumsy, inept bungle, to work or act ineptly or inefficiently adhere v., ;, 1. to stick fast by or as if by suction or glue 2. to be a devoted follower or supporter 3. to carry out a plan, a scheme, or an operation without deviation adhere detach adherent [ædhíәrәnt] n. : a believer in or advocate especially of a particular idea or church adherent dissenter, forerunner dissenter ( ) ; - forerunner, ; adhesive [ædhí siv, -ziv] n., adhesive : bind :: compass : orient compass <kʌ mpәs> ( ) etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive etch, ; adjourn [әdʒә rn] vi. ( ) / convoke adjourn adjudicate v. ; ( ) 1. (law) to hear and settle (a case) by judicial procedure 2. to study and settle (a dispute or controversy) adjudicator [әdʒú dikèitәr] n. one that act as judge adjunct [ǽdʒʌŋkt] n., something joined or added to another thing but not essentially a part of it adjunct essential element ad-lib[ædlíb, - -] n. : something spoken, composed, or performed without preparation ad-lib : impromptu :: side, aside : divergent (명 : 형) aside ad., n. ;, admire v. / ; 1. to regard with pleasure, wonder, and approval 2. to have a high opinion of; esteem or respect admission [ædmíʃәn, әd-] n., lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission ( ) raffle a lottery in which a number of persons buy chances to win a prize admonish[ædmɑńiʃ, әd- / -mɔń-] v., : to express warning or disapproval to especially in a gentle, earnest, or solicitous manner admonish : denounce :: punish : pillory (A << B) pillory ; (pillory) peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation (A << B) castigation, pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove (A << B) alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory exculpate to clear of guilt or blame apprise : information :: admonish : warning (동 : 명) apprise to give notice to; inform cf. appraise to evaluate, especially in an official capacity adore [әdɔ r] vt., 1. to worship as God or a god 2. to regard with deep, often rapturous love 3. to like very much abhorrence : dislike :: adoration : fondness, affection (A >> B) adulate : fawn :: woo, love : adore (A = B :: A << B) ( ) adulate, to praise or admire excessively; fawn on woo,, apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration (A << B) terror intense, overpowering fear fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness (A >> B) adroit [әdrɔít] a. : having or showing skill, cleverness, or resourcefulness in handling situations loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly (OPPOSITE) adroitness : inept :: difficulty : simplicity (OPPOSITE) (품사가 맞지 않 음) ( ) adroit ungainly, inept ham-handed deft, adroit ham-handed, ; adulate [ǽdʒәlèit] v. : to flatter or admire excessively or slavishly adulate : fawn :: woo : adore ( ) aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration (A >> B) disinclination a lack of inclination; a mild aversion or reluctance admire / ; fulminate : criticize :: adulate : flatter (A >> B) fulminate ; adulate scorn, excoriate, disparage, disdain, vituperate, reproach, vilify disparage ; adulation obloquy, disdain, vituperation, somber affection obloquy <áblәkwi>, ;,, disdain,, vituperation,, somber, ; ;, ; (dismal)

8 adulterate [әdʌĺtәrèit] vt. aesthetics : beauty :: epistemology : knowledge adult : child :: cat : kitten adulterate : pure :: bolster, brace : weak :: dismantle : unity bolster ;, brace ( ) ; ;, demand : satisfied :: adulterate : pristine (OPPOSITE) epistemology gourmet : food :: aesthete : art gourmet <gúәrmei>, philistine aesthete philistine ( ) ; pristine, stickler : approximation :: purist : adulteration (A object B) affable [ǽfәbәl] a. embellish : austere :: adulterate : pure (A B) dismantle : unity :: adulterate : pristine (A B) (품사가 일치하지 않 음) ( ) dismantle to take apart; disassemble; tear down adulterate : purity :: enervate : vigor (A remove B) unalloyed adulterated tainted unadulterated : characterized by ease and friendliness affable irascible, testy irascible, testy,, (irritable) affability surliness, sullenness surly,, sullen, ; (, ) adulteration purification affectation [`æfekt'ei : n] n., ; adumbrate [ædʌḿbrèit, ǽdәmbrèit] v. 1. to give a sketchy outline of 2. to prefigure indistinctly; foreshadow 3. to disclose partially or guardedly revelation adumbration adversary [ǽdvәrsèri / -sәri] n. : ENEMY, FOE affected [әféktid] a. : PRETENDED supplicant : humility :: adversary : resistance (A have B, CHARACTER) supplicant n. a., humility, adversary ally ally <әlái>, ;, : assumed artificially or falsely posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant (A = B가 없는 사람) tolerant, ; disaffected : contentment :: dubious : commitment, conviction :: dishonest : integrity (A lack B) disaffect, to cause to lose advertence [ædvә rtәns, әd-] n., ; affection or loyalty disaffected resentful and rebellious, especially advert ; to call attention; refer advertence inattention advertent inattentive inadvertence careful attention against authority commit, ;, ; ( ), conviction ( );, a fixed or strong belief officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel (형용사 : 동사) advertise [ǽdvәrtàiz] vt. officious, : to announce publicly especially by a printed notice or a broadcast advertising : commercial :: publishing : journal meddle, disaffected content, contented affected natural, artless, ingenuous ingenuous, ;, advocate [ǽdvәkèit] vt. : to speak, pled, or argue in favor of affection [әfékʃәn] n., : FONDNESS exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass exponent, pollster, polltaker canvass ; ( ) ; advocate denounce apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration (A << B) embrace, kiss : affection :: shrug : indifference :: frown : displeasure (A = B를 보여주는 행동) shrug to raise (the shoulders), especially as a gesture of doubt, disdain, or indifference scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection :: hurl : disgust scowl aerate [ɛ әreit, éiәrèit] v., ; hurl, ; ; swagger : bravado :: caress : affection (sign) aerate : oxygen :: hydrate : water aerate remove air from swagger, bravado caress <kәre s>, ; aerial [ɛ әriәl, eiíәr-] a. obeisance : esteem :: embrace : affection : of relating to, or occurring in the air or atmosphere aerial : air :: aquatic : water obeisance, ; embrace ; ( ) ;, aesthete, 1. one who cultivates an unusually high sensitivity to beauty, as in art or nature 2. one whose pursuit and admiration of beauty is regarded as excessive or affected aesthetics [esɵétiks / i s-] n. : a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, and taste and with the creation and appreciation of beauty 1. a show, pretense, or display 2. a. behavior that is assumed rather than natural; artificiality b. a particular habit, as of speech or dress, adopted to give a false impression affectation artlessness mercurial : mood :: fickle : affection mercurial ; ( ) ;, ;, fickle, ; antipathy affection adulation somber affection somber, ; ;, ; (dismal) adulation excessive flattery or admiration

9 affidavit [æ fәdéivit] n., events of navigational importance : a sworn statement in writing made especially under oath or on affirmation aggrandize [әgrǽndaiz, ǽgrәndàiz] vt., affidavit : statement :: wedding : ceremony (A is a kind of B) : to make appear great or greater; praise highly aggrandize disparage, undermine, relegate, efface affiliate v., ;...,... relegate,, 1. to adopt or accept as a member, subordinate associate, or branch 2. to associate (oneself) as a subordinate, subsidiary, effacing aggrandizing efface, ; conspicuous ; employee, or member 3. to assign the origin of aggravate [ǽgrәvèit] vt. : to make worse, more serious, or more severe; intensify unpleasantly affiliation [әfìliéiʃәn] n., ;, ; ; : to bring or receive into close connection as a member or branch affiliation dissociation affinity [әfínәti] n. ( ); ;, 1. a natural attraction or feeling of kinship 2. relationship by marriage 3. an inherent similarity between persons or things affinity antipathy, aversion, hideousness, repugnance hideous <hídiәs>,, ; affix [ f'iks] 1. to secure to something; attach 2. to impute; attribute 3. to place at the end; append affix detach succor aggravate succor <sʌ kәr>, to give assistance to in time of want, difficulty, or distress aggravate alleviate, ameliorate alleviate, to make (pain, for example) more bearable ameliorate / to make or become better; improve console aggravate grief allay increase the intensity of, aggravate, intensify allay <әle i>, aggregate [ǽgrigèit] v, n., v., ; (, ) : to collect or gather into a mass or whole coalesce disaggregate coalesce, disaggregate, disintegrate join together aggregate isolated units (명) aggregate disperse (동) afflict [әflíkt] v. : torture, gruel, distress, wreak, inflict, tribulate affliction [әflíkʃәn] n. 1. a condition of pain, suffering, or distress 2. a cause of pain, suffering, or distress affluent [ǽflu( )әnt, әflú -] a. : having a generously sufficient and typically increasing supply of material possessions affluent needy, indigent indigent <índidʒәnt>, experiencing want or need; impoverished impecunious wealthy, prosperous, affluent impecunious lacking money; penniless penury affluence penury, affront [әfrʌńt] v., : to insult intentionally, especially openly : An open or intentional offense, slight, or insult aghast [әgǽst, әgɑ st] a. : SHOCKED : struck by shock, terror, or amazement agenda [әdʒéndә] n. ( ) : a list or program of things to be done or considered program : concert :: agenda : meeting repertoire : performance :: manifest : cargo :: agenda : meeting manifest ( ) curriculum : class :: menu : dish curriculum, syllabus : course :: agenda : meeting itinerary : travel, trip :: agenda : meeting minute : agenda :: log : itinerary (주요 기록 사항) minute a note or summary covering points to be remembered itinerary,, log a record of a ship's speed, its progress, and any shipboard aggressive [әgrésiv] a., : inclined to behave in a hostile fashion aggressive even meaning, even-tempered aggrieve [әgrí v] vt., : DISTRESS 1. to distress; afflict 2. to inflict an injury or injuries on aggrieve gratify, comfort, inspire gratify, to please or satisfy; to give what is desired to aggrieved buoyant, sinking( ) aghast [ g'æst] adj., : struck by shock, terror, or amazement aghast undismayed dismay 1. to destroy the courage or resolution of by exciting dread or apprehension 2. to cause to loose enthusiasm; disillusion 3. to upset or alarm agile ['æd3 l] adj., ;, 1. characterized by quickness, lightness, and ease of movement; nimble 2. mentally alert agile sluggish agility dilatoriness, hesistancy dilatory, ; hesistancy, hesistance,, agitate ['æd3it`eit] v. ;, 1. to cause to move with violence or sudden force 2. to upset; disturb 3. to arouse interest in (a cause, for example) by use of the written or spoken word; debate agitate soothe agog [әgɑǵ / әgɔǵ] adj. / : full of intense interest or excitement : EAGER

10 agonize v. ; 1. to suffer extreme pain or great anguish 2. to make a great effort; struggle agony [ǽgәni] n., : ANGUISH, TORTURE : intense pain of mind or body agonized : distress :: obsessed : concern (A >> B) obsess to preoccupy the mind of excessively painful : agonizing :: important : paramount (A << B) paramount of chief concern or importance; supreme in rank, power, or authority agrarian [әgrɛ әriәn] a. agrarian : farming :: mercantile : trade mercantile <m ә:rkәntì:l> of or relating to merchants or trade airtight [ɛ әrtàit] a., : having no noticeable weakness, flaw, or loophole airtight : loophole :: (A = B가 없는) foolproof : fail :: airtight : leak foolproof, alacrity [әlǽkrәti] n., : promptness in response; cheerful readiness husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate (OPPOSITE) husbandry,, ;, procrastinate, alacrity : prompt :: acumen : shrewd (EQUAL, 명 : 형) alacrity : apathetic :: temerity : timid (OPPOSITE) apathetic ;, temerity foolhardy disregard of danger; recklessness timid lacking self-confidence; shy; fearful and hesitant alacrity dilatoriness, hesitancy, hesitance, reluctance, delay dilatory intended to delay; tending to postpone or delay alacrity recalcitrance, sluggishness recalcitrant marked by stubborn resistance to and defiance of authority or guidance alchemy [ǽlkәmi] n., alchemy : chemistry :: false drug : treatment astrology : astronomy :: alchemy : chemistry alchemy : science :: nostrum : remedy nostrum ; (, ) alibi [ǽlәbài] n. : an explanation offered to avoid blame or justify action; an excuse alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory exculpatory,, admonitory, alibi : exculpatory :: admonishment : warning alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive (A is for B) sophism, alienate ['eilj n`eit] v.,, alienate unite, reunite allay [әléi] v., : ALLEVIATE 1. to reduce the intensity of; relieve 2. to calm or pacify; set to rest allay increase the intensity of, excite, galvanize, arouse, exacerbate, foment, aggravate, compel, intensify, irritate, provoke exacerbate to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of; aggravate allegiance [әlí dʒәns] n. : devotion or loyalty to a person, group, or cause authority : pundits :: allegiance : partisans (B have A) pundit, partisan, renegade : allegiance :: apostate : faith renegade, apostate <әpásteit>, apostasy abandonment of one's religious faith, a political party, one's principles, or a cause allegory [ǽlәgɔ ri / -gәri] n. ; : the expression by means of symbolic fictional figures and actions of truths or generalizations about human existence allegory : fiction :: (B use A) allergy ['æl :rd3i] n. ;, 1. an abnormal high sensitivity to certain substances, such as pollens, foods, or microorganisms 2. (informal) an adverse sentiment; antipathy allergy : reaction :: lancet : instrument (A is a kind of B) alleviate [әlí vièit] v. : RELIEVE, LESSEN : to make (as suffering) more bearable abate : tax :: alleviate : distress alleviate : intensity :: abate : tax :: console : grief alleviate : strength :: dampen : ardor alleviate : power :: attenuate : force alleviate intensify, exacerbate, increase intensity albino [ælbáinou / -bí -] n. (,, ) exacerbate to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of; aggravate albino : pigment :: prairie : tree pigment, alliterate [әlítәrèit] v. prairie treeless grassland alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface (OPPOSITE) blazon, ;, efface, ; conspicuous ; alloy [әlɔí] v.,, : to debase by the addition of an inferior element alloy : purity :: thin : density (A reduce B) allowance [әláuәns] n. ( ) : a share or portion allotted or granted pittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream (A is small B) pittance / ; rivulet, allude [әlú d] vi. : to make indirect reference intimate : communicate :: allude : refer intimate, ; allude mention explicitly align [әláin] v., aligned awry, not affiliated, askew awry <әrái>, ;, affiliate,, aligned improperly adjusted, badly/improperly adjusted, warped, irregular, not affiliated warp <wɔ:rp>,, ally [әlái] n., ally adversary, rival aloft [әlɔ ( )ft / -lɑ -] ad. : at or to a great height founder stay aloft founder ;,

11 groundedly aloft aloof [әlu f] a., : removed or distant either physically or emotionally politic : offend :: aloof : associate (OPPOSITE) (형 : 동) politic, ; ;, aloof having affinity, gregarious, intimate gregarious ; (sociable);, alphabetical [æ lfәbétikәl] a. dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological annals ; altruism [ǽltru ìzәm] n. altruist : selflessness :: connoisseur : expertise (A have B) connoisseur, expertise / altruism egocentrism, egoism vulture altruist vulture, ;, amalgamate [әmǽlgәmèit] v., : to unite in or as if in an amalgam, especially to merge into a single body amalgamation : disintegrated :: (OPPOSITE) amalgamate separate, isolate, disintegrate, insulate insulate ;, amalgamation disintegration amass [әmǽs] v. : ACCUMULATE : to gather together for oneself, as for one's pleasure or profit; accumulate amass dissipate ambiguous [æmbígjuәs] a., : doubtful or uncertain especially from obscurity or indistinctness ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth (LACK) mendacious, ; ambiguous : understand :: blatant : ignore (A = B하기 힘든) blatant ; ; equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal platitude, ;, banal,, (trivial) equivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruent, incongruous oxymoron [for example, crowed solitude] incongruent, unequivocal : ambiguous :: spotless : blemish (OPPOSITE) (품사가 일 치하지 않음) ( ) blemish an imperfection that mars or impairs; a flaw or defect ambivalence n., 1. the coexistence of opposing attitudes or feelings, such as love and hate, toward a person, an object, or an idea 2. uncertainty or indecisiveness as to which course to follow ambivalent [æmbívәlent] a. ; : simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or feelings toward an object, person, or action ambivalent committed committed, [ ] amble [ǽmbәl] vi. : SAUNTER : to walk slowly or leisurely; stroll walk : amble :: talk : chat :: draw : doodle doodle, amble : wander (EQUAL) wander, amble step/stride/walk quickly ambrosial [æmbróuʒiәl] a., extremely pleasing to taste or smell in food mellifluous : music :: ambrosial : food mellifluous, mellifluous : sound :: savory : taste savory, ambulatory [ǽmbjulәtɔ ri / -tәri] v. ambulatory <> bedridden ameliorate [әmí ljәrèit, -liә-] vt. : to make or become better; improve ameliorate : promotion :: exacerbate : depravation (EQUAL, 동사 : 명 사) exacerbate ; to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of; aggravate depravation,, deprave, to debase, especially morally; corrupt ameliorate : improve :: admonish : caution (EQUAL, 동 : 동) ameliorate aggravate, exacerbate damper ameliorator damp ;, amenable [әmí nәbәl, әméŋә-] a. (, ) : readily brought to yield, submit, or cooperate amenable inimical, intransigent inimical, ;, intransigent / ; amend v. / 1. to change for the better; improve 2. to remove the faults or errors in; correct 3. to alter (a legislative measure, for example) formally by adding, deleting, or rephrasing corrective : amend :: paradigm : exemplify amenity [ m'en ti] n., : something that conduces to comfort, convenience, or enjoyment amenity : comfortable :: honorarium : grateful honorarium <ànәr ɛәriәm> ( ), grateful, ; amiable [éimiәbәl] a. : being friendly, sociable, and congenial inimical friendly, amiable, amicable amicable [ǽmikәbәl] a. : PEACEABLE : characterized by friendly goodwill amicable : malign :: negligible : elevate (OPPOSITE) malign to make evil, harmful, and often untrue statement about; speak evil of elevate, ; inimical friendly, amiable, amicable asperity amicableness amiss [әmís] a. ad., : IMPERFECTLY 1. out of proper order 2. not in perfect shape; faulty amnesia [æmn'i:3 ] n., : partial or total loss of memory, usually resulting from shock, psychological disturbance, brain injury, or illness amnesia : memory :: enervation : vigor

12 amorphous [әmɔ rfәs] a. : SHAPELESS : having no definite form amorphous : shape :: errant, wandering : course :: ignorant : knowledge :: equivocal : meaning errant, ( ), ( ) amorphousness : definition :: lassitude : energy (LACK) lassitude, a state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or listlessness amorphous defined, definite amphibian [æmfíbiәn] n. ; ; amplify [ǽmplәfài] vt. : INCREASE 1. to make larger or more powerful; increase 2. to add to, as by illustrations; make complete 3. to exaggerate 4. to produce amplification of amplify mute, abridge mute ; ( ) measure : dimension :: analyze : nature synthesis analysis anarchist [ǽnәrkist] n. : one who rebels against any authority, established order, or ruling power anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery anarchist : rebel :: apologist : defend apologist / anarchy order anathema [әnǽɵәmә] n. : CURSE, EXECRATION 1. a formal ecclesiastical ban, curse, or excommunication 2. a vehement denunciation; a curse 3. one that is cursed or damned 4. one that is greatly reviled, loathed, or shunned anathema : curse :: theocracy : state (A is a kind of B) anathema ; ( ) state anathema panegyric, blessing panegyric /, (laudation) amplitude [ǽmplitjù d ] n. : FULLNESS 1. greatness of size; magnitude 2. fullness; copiousness amplitude meagerness meager, ;, amulet [ǽmjәlit] n. : an object worn, especially around the neck, as a charm against evil or injury amulet : evil :: helmet : injury (A prevent B) anachronism [әnǽkrәnìstic] n., / ( ) 1. representation of someone as existing or something as happening in other than the chronological, proper, or historical order 2. one that is out of its proper or chronological order anachronistic : time :: discordant : sound anaerobic [ǽnәròubic, ænɛ әroubic] a. : living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of free oxygen anaerobic living in oxygen, require oxygen, respiring respire ; ancestor [ǽnsestәr, -sәs-] n. heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator heirloom < ɛәrlù:m> bequest,, testator scion ancestor scion <sáiәn> ( ) anchor ['ænk r] n. ; v. / anchor dislodge dislodge,,, ancillary [ǽnsәlèri / ænsílәri] a. : of secondary importance; auxiliary, helping ancillary paramount anecdote [ǽnikdòutidʒ] n. 1. a short account of an interesting or humorous incident 2. anecdotes or anecdota secret or hitherto undivulged particulars of history or biography anecdote : amusement :: lecture : instruction (PURPOSE) anecdote : story :: anecdote : narrative :: skit : play (A B) skit, analgesia [æǹәldʒí zik, -dʒésik] : a deadening or absence of the sense of pain without loss of consciousness analgesia sensitivity to pain analgesic [`æn ld3'i:zik] n. analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation anesthetic aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs aseptic pain : analgesic :: sensation : anesthetic :: symptom : palliative palliative analgesia : pain :: simplification : complexity tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden soporific : alertment :: analgesic : pain analogy [әnǽlәdʒi] n. : SIMILARITY disparate analogous disparate <díspәrit> fundamentally distinct or different in kind; entirely dissimilar analogous lacking similarity analysis [әnǽlәsis] n. anemia [ n'i:mi ] n. ; anemia plethora plethora, (overfullness);, anemic [әní mik] a. ; 1. of, relating to, or suffering from anemia( ) 2. lacking vitality; listless and weak anemic hale, strong hale free from infirmity or illness; sound anesthetic [æǹәsɵétik] a. n., : lacking awareness or sensitivity analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs soporific : alert :: anesthetic : pain soporific sensation anesthesia anesthesia <æ nisθí:ʒә>, anhydrous [ænháidrәs] a. : without water, especially water of crystallization anhydrous wet

13 animation [æǹәméiʃәn] n. : ALIVE lassitude vim, verve, animation lassitude, ; a state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or listlessness vim,, verve ( ), ; ( ), anomaly [ m'am li] adj.,, 1. deviation or departure from the normal or common order, form, or rule 2. one that is peculiar, irregular, abnormal, or difficult to classify anomaly conformity to norms, predicted occurrence animus [ǽnәmәs] n., ;, 1. an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition 2. a feeling of animosity; ill will animus friendship, friendliness annals [ǽnәlz] n. 1. a chronological record of the events of successive years 2. a descriptive account or record; a history 3. a periodical journal in which the records and reports of a learned field are compiled dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological annotate [ǽnәtèit] to furnish (a literary work) with critical commentary or explanatory notes; gloss annotate : commentary :: gloss : definition gloss, ;, ;,, annoy [әnɔí] vt., 1. to cause slight irritation to (another) by troublesome, often repeated acts 2. to harass or disturb by repeated attacks testy : annoy :: tractable : control (B하기 쉬운 = A) testy, tractable, annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl (B = A하는 사람) gadfly ; churl mawkish : sentimental :: peeved : annoyed (A >> B :: A = B) ( ) mawkish excessively and objectionably sentimental peeve, to cause to be annoyed or resentful maudlin : sentimental :: peeved : annoyed (A >> B :: A = B) ( ) maudlin, effusively or tearfully sentimental patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (EQUAL) patronize, ;, ; condescend ; to deal with people in a patronizingly superior manner testy : annoy :: hesitating : balk (CHARACTER) balk <bɔ:k>, anonymous [әnɑńәmәs / әnɔńә-] a., : not named or identified anonymous : identify :: nonchalant : excite (A lack B) nonchalant,, seeming to be coolly unconcerned or indifferent antagonize [æntǽgәnàiz] vt., : to incur the dislike of; to counteract cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize (A하기 쉬운 = B) choler <kálәr>, anger; irritability synergic antagonistic synergic, synergistic propitiate, placate, mollify antagonize propitiate, to conciliate; appease placate <ple ikeit> to allay the anger of, especially by making concessions; appease allay <әle i> (calm); antecedence [`ænt s'i:d: ns] antecedence posterity n. ;, precedence antediluvian [æǹtidilú viәn / -vjәn] a. : extremely old and antiquated antediluvian : age :: colossal : size colossal <kәlásәl>, antenna [ænténә] n., antennae : butterfly :: (B have A) anterior [æntíәriәr] a. : coming before in time or development anterior ensuing ensue,, anthology [ænɵɑĺәdʒi / -ɵɔĺ-] n. compendium : summary :: anthology : collection (EQUAL) compendium, ; antibiotic [æǹtibaiɑ tik, -tai / -ɔ t-] n. antibiotic : infection :: coagulant : bleeding coagulant annul [әnʌĺ] v., 1. to make or declare void or invalid, as a marriage or a law; nullify 2. to obliterate the effect or existence of annul make legal, reaffirm anodyne [ǽnoudàin] n. (analgesic, pain-killer) a. 1. capable of soothing or eliminating pain 2. relaxing 3. watered-down; insipid anomalous [әnɑḿәlәs / әnɔḿ-] a. : IRREGULAR, UNUSUAL anomaly : paradigmatic :: blemish : flawless (OPPOSITE) paradigm, blemish ( ), to mar or impair by a flaw anomalous conforming to norms, normal, typical antic [ǽntik] n., : a ludicrous or extravagant act or gesture facetious : speech :: antic : behavior facetious <fәsí:ʃәs> ;, playfully jocular; humorous anticipatory [æntísәpәtɔ ri, -tòu-] a., retrospective anticipatory antidote [ǽntidòut] n. antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation :: remedy : disease balm ;, antidote : poison :: tonic : lethargy lethargy, antidote intoxication antipathy [æntípәɵi] n., : DISTASTE : settled aversion or dislike antipathy affection, affinity, benevolence, fondness, predilection, proclivity, settled fondness predilection, (preference) proclivity,, (tendency)

14 antique [æntí k] a. : ANCIENT 1. belonging to, made in, or typical of an earlier period 2. of or belonging to ancient times, especially of, from, or characteristic of ancient Greece or Rome 3. of or dealing in antiques 4. old-fashioned antique recent antiseptic [æǹtәséptik] n. oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize sedative sterilize / ; ; antithetic adj. ;, 1. of, relating to, or marked by antithesis 2. being in diametrical opposition anvil [ǽnvәl] n. hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar apathetic adj. ;, (indifferent) 1. feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent 2. feeling or showing little or no emotion; unresponsive apathetic motivated, vehement vehement ;, apathy [ǽpәɵi] n., : IMPASSIVENESS : lack of feeling or emotion ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic (OPPOSITE) ennui <á:nwi>,, listless and dissatisfaction resulting from lack of interest fervor, vehement apathetic vehement, ;, apex [éipeks] n. 1. the highest point; the vertex 2. the point of culmination 3. the usually pointed end of an object; the tip apex nadir <néidiә> aphorism [ǽfәrìzәm] n. : ADAGE 1. a tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion; an adage 2. a brief statement of a principle brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature (CHARACTER) pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffusive (A is not B) euphemism diffuse ; apiary [éipièri, -әri] n. apiary : bee :: cage : pet aplomb [әplɑḿ, әplʌ m / әplɔḿ] n., : complete and confident composure or self-assurance trepidation aplomb trepidation, ;, apocalyptic [әpɑ kәlíptik / әpɔ k] a., : PROPHETIC apocalyptic : prophetic :: inconsequential : illogical (EQUAL) apocalyptic : prophetic :: inconsequential : irrational apocalyptic inconsequential (apocalypse에 중요한 의 개념은 없 음) ( ) inconsequential ; apocrypha [әpɑḱrәfә / әpɔḱri-] n. ; : writings or statements of questionable authorship or authenticity apocrypha canon apocryphal authentic, authenticated apogee ['æp d3`i:] n. ( perigee),, apogee lowliest, nadir apologize [әpɑĺәdʒàiz / әpɔĺ-] v., 1. to make excuse for or regretful acknowledgment of a fault or offense 2. to make a formal defense or justification in speech or writing saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend saboteur patron : support :: apologist : defend patron, ; apologize : regret :: gibe : derision (EQUAL, 동 : 명) gibe, to make taunting, heckling, or jeering remarks derision, apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed contrite, apologist : defend :: anarchist : rebel disciple : follow :: apologist : defend (명(사람) : 동) disciple <disáipәl>, ; heretic : unconformity :: apologist : defend (명(사람) : 명) heretic <héritik>, conformity,, ;, apologist critic, detractor detract (, ), ; to draw or take away; divert apology [ p` l d3i] n. ; ; 1. an acknowledgment expressing regret or asking pardon for a fault or offense 2. a. a formal justification or defense b. an explanation or excuse 3. an inferior substitute apology : regret :: gibe : derision (A show B) apologist [әpɑĺәdʒist / әpɔĺ-] n. ( ) : one who speaks or writes in defense of someone or something apologist critic/detractor apophasis [әpɑ fәsәs] n. : allusion to something by denying that it will be mentioned apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox (A B) oxymoron apophasis : claim :: caprice : deliberate (A B :: OPPOSITE) ( ) caprice deliberate ; apoplectic [æ pәpléktik] a., : greatly agitated; extremely angry apoplectic : angry :: emaciated : thin (A >> B) emaciate to make or become extremely thin apoplectic : calm :: callow : mature :: incorrigible : tractable (OPPOSITE) callow ( ) ; lacking adult maturity or experience; immature apoplectic calm apostasy [әpɑśtәsi / әpɔś-] n., : DEFECTION : renunciation of a religious faith; abandonment of a previous loyalty apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy (B를 버림 : 반드시 B를 버리는 것은 아님) ( ) recant ( ) /

15 heresy,, apostasy fidelity apostrophe [әpɑśtrәfi / әpɔś-] n. a mark ' used to indicate the omission of letters or figures, the possessive case, or the plural of letters or figures apostrophes : word :: ellipsis : sentence ellipsis ( ) parenthesis : explanation :: apostrophe : omission * ellipsis (,..., ***) : omission * asterisk(*) : annotation( ), indicate an omission or a reference to a footnote * caret (^) : interpolation, indicate something is to be inserted in a line of printed or written matter apothecary [әpɑ ɵәkèri / apɔ ɵ-] n. apothecary : medicine :: butcher : meat (A sell B) librarian ( ) : book appall [әpɔ l] vt. : to overcome with consternation, shock, or dismay appall embolden, nerve, encourage nerve vt. to give strength or courage to apparel [әpǽrәl] vt, ;, 1. to clothe or dress 2. to adorn or embellish gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak gaudy ; showy in a tasteless or vulgar way tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel tonsorial ( ) sartorial, appeal [әpí l] vi. 1. to make an earnest or urgent request, as for help 2. to have recourse, as for corroboration; resort 3. (law) to make or apply for an appeal 4. to be attractive or interesting recourse, corroborate to strengthen or support with other evidence; make more certain resort,, ; ( ) remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal (A = B하는 사람) remonstrate, to say or plead in protest, objection, or reproof appealing [әpí liŋ] a. ;, : PLEASING appealing noisome noisome, ;, appease [әpí z] vt., : CALM 1. to bring peace, quiet, or calm to; soothe 2. to satisfy or relieve 3. to pacify or attempt to pacify (an enemy) by granting concessions, often at the expense of principle roil clarify, appease roil ( ) ;, rile, roil, vex pacify, appease, soothe rile to stir to anger; to stir up (liquid); roil roil 1. to make (a liquid) muddy or cloudy by stirring up sediment 2. to displease or disturb; vex appellation [æ pәléiʃәn] n.,, 1. a name, title, or designation 2. the act of naming foreword : introductory :: appellation : designative 1. an instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink 2. a strong wish or urge appetite : indulge :: voracity lack of appetite voracity, ; applaud v.t. ; : to express approval, especially by clapping the hands applaud disparage applause [әplɔ z] n., mirth : laughter :: approval : applause (B represent A) mirth,,, gladness and gaiety, especially when expressed by laughter applicant [ǽplikәnt] n. remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal appoint [әpɔínt] vt. appoint : official :: cast : actor apposite [ǽpәzit] a., : APT : strikingly appropriate and relevant apposite : relevant :: (EQUAL) apposite extraneous, irrelevant extraneous, ; appreciable [әprí ʃiәbәl] a., : capable of being perceived or measured appreciable imperceptible ponderable inappreciable ponderable considerable enough to be weighed or assessed; appreciable apprehension [æ prihénʃәn] n., ; 1. fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; dread 2. the act of seizing or capturing; arrest 3. the ability to apprehend or understand; understanding apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration (A << B) apprehensive inaccessible (inaccessible에 이해 의 의미는 거의 없 음) ( ) accessible ; ; apprise [әpráiz] v., : to give notice to; inform apprise : information :: admonish : warning apprise withhold information apprentice [әpréntis] n. : novice approbation [æ proubéiʃәn] n., : COMMENDATION, PRAISE 1. an expression of warm approval; praise 2. official approval praise : approbation :: demur : objection :: cajole : blandishment (EQUAL, 동 : 명) demur to voice opposition; object censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible (OPPOSITE) reprehensible, deserving rebuke or censure; blameworthy endorse : approbation :: (A represent B) approbation execration, condemnation execration, appropriate [әpróuprièit] a. : FITTING : suitable for a particular person, condition, occasion, or place; fitting appetite [ǽpitàit] n.,

16 meet inappropriate, unsuitable apt extremely inappropriate apt, ; measured inappropriate ( ) measured ; ; (calculated, deliberate) approve [әprú v] vt., 1. to consider right or good; think or speak favorably of 2. to consent to officially or formally; confirm or sanction substantiate disapprove substantiate ;, approximate [әprɑḱsәmèit / -rɔḱ-] a. 1. almost exact or correct 2. very similar; closely resembling paraphrase : verbatim :: approximation : precise (OPPOSITE) verbatim, using exactly the same words; corresponding word for word stickler : approximation, imprecision :: purist : adulteration apron [éiprәn] n., : a shield to protect against erosion (as of a waterway) by water lamp : illuminate :: apron : protect (PURPOSE) drop cloth : floor :: apron : clothing (A protect B) drop cloth ( ) apropos [æ prәpóu] a. : PERTINENT apropos irrelevant apt [æpt] a., : READY, LIKELY 1. exactly suitable; appropriate 2. having a natural tendency; inclined 3. quick to learn or understand apt extremely inappropriate, unlikely aptness unsuitability aquatic [әkwǽtik, әkwɑ t- / әkwɔ t-] a. aerial : air :: aquatic : water :: arboreal : tree aqueduct [ǽkwәdʌ kt] n. : a conduit for water; one for carrying a large quantity of flowing water aqueduct : water :: pipeline : gas :: vessel : blood vessel ;, ;, arachnid [әrǽknid] n. (, ) spider : arachnid :: orange : fruit (A B) arbiter n., 1. one chosen or appointed to judge or decide a disputed issue; an arbitrator appropriate [әpróuprièit] v. ( ) / 2. one who has the power to judge or ordain at will 1. to set apart for a specific use initiative : entrepreneur :: impartiality : arbiter 2. to take possession of or make use of exclusively for oneself, often without permission arbor [` :rb :r] n. lurk : wait :: purloin : appropriate :: abscond : depart lurk, arbor : shelter :: hedgerow : fence (A is a kind of B) hedgerow purloin to steal, often in a violation of trust lurk : concealment :: purloin : appropriation arboreal [ɑ rbɔ riәl] a. smuggler : import :: embezzler : appropriate arboreal : trees :: sidereal : stars :: aquatic : water appropriate surrender appropriate demise demise, ; arboretum [ɑ rbәrí tәm] n. arboretum : trees :: aviary : birds aviary arboretum : wilderness ::(B lack A) wilderness,, finch : bird :: arboretum : tree (A B :: A B) ( ) finch ( ) arcane [ɑ rkéin] a. : known or understood by only a few arcane well-known archaic [ɑ rkéiik] a. ;, : ANTIQUATED 1. of, relating to, or characteristic of a much earlier, often more primitive period 2. no longer current or applicable; antiquated 3. of, relating to, or characteristic of words and language that were once common but are now used chiefly to suggest an earlier style or period evanescent : permanence :: archaic : currency :: meteoric : constancy (OPPOSITE) evanescent vanishing or likely to vanish like vapor meteoric ; archaic current archaism [ɑ rkiìzәm, -kei-] n., : an archaic word, phrase, idiom, or other expression archaism modern diction archetype [ɑ rkitàip], PROTOTYPE 1. an original model or type after which other similar things are patterned; a prototype 2. an ideal example of a type; quintessence harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify (EQUAL, 명 : 동) harbinger ;, one that indicates or foreshadows what is to come; a forerunner presage, ;, ;, archipelago [ɑ rkәpélәgòu] n., : a group of islands range (산맥) : mountain :: chain : link :: archipelago : island grove : trees :: galaxy : stars :: archipelago : islands :: bouquet : flowers grove ; aquifer [ǽkwәfәr, ɑ k-] n. ( ) mineshaft, shaft : lode :: well : aquifer (A는 B로 뚫고 들어간다.) oasis : desert :: archipelago : ocean shaft, ; ;, ; [ ] glade : wood :: oasis : desert mineshaft a vertical, sloping passageway made in the earth for glade finding or mining ore and ventilating underground excavations lode ; ( ) / architect [ɑ rkitèkt] n. choreographer : movement :: architect : building (A compose B) sculptor : statue archive [ɑ rkaiv] n. 1. often archives a place or collection containing records,

17 documents, or other materials of historical interest 2. a repository for stored memories or information archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon arsenal <á:rsәnәl> archive : records :: museum : artifacts book : library :: file : archive archness [ɑ rtʃnis] n. / archness straightness archness subordinate/obedience arch n., a., ; 1. chief; principal 2. mischievous; roguish roguish <róugiʃ>, ;, archness straightness archness subordinate, obedience arctic [ɑ rktik] a., : FRIGID : extremely cold torrid arctic ardent [' :rd: nt] adj., ; 1. expressing or characterized by warmth of feeling; passionate 2. displaying or characterized by strong enthusiasm or devotion; fervent 3. a. burning; fiery b. glowing; shining ardent arctic, dispassionate ardor [ɑ rdәr] n., : INTENSITY 1. fiery intensity of feeling 2. strong enthusiasm or devotion; zeal 3. intense heat or glow, as of fire assuage : sorrow :: dampen : ardor :: alleviate : strength torpor ardor torpor,, arduous [ɑ rdʒuәs / -dju-] a., 1. demanding great effort or labor; difficult 2. testing severely the powers of endurance; strenuous 3. hard to traverse, climb, or surmount arduous facile facile <fæ sil>, ;, argot [ɑ rgout, -gәt] n. argot standard language, common verbalism aria [ :ri ] n., opera : aria :: play : monologue arid [ǽrid] a. 1. lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or woody plants 2. lacking interest or feeling; lifeless and dull marsh : sodden :: desert : arid marsh, sodden (soaked) arid damp armory [ɑ rmәri] n. : a place where arms and military equipment are stored pantry : food :: armory : weapons pantry arousal [әráuzәl] n., stimulation : arousal :: pathogen : diseasing (A make B) pathogen, arouse ;, 1. to awake from or as if from sleep 2. to stir up; excite arrest [әrést] vt. ( ) ; 1. to stop; check 2. to seize and hold under the authority of law 3. to capture and hold briefly (the attention, for example); engage arrest vitalize arresting [әréstiŋ] a. : STRIKING, IMPRESSIVE : attracting and holding the attention blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting blatant ; odious, arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure arresting banal arrhythmic [әríðmik] a. arrhythmic : regularity :: apathetic : concern arrhythmic exhibiting regularity, regular arrogance [ǽrәgәns] n. : a feeling or an impression of superiority manifested in an overbearing manner or presumptuous claims arrogant a. 1. making or disposed to make claims to unwarranted importance or consideration out of overbearing pride 2. marked by or arising from arrogance arrogance the state or quality of being arrogant; overbearing pride mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance (OPPOSITE) prodigal, ;, meek,, ; confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory (명사 : 형용사) interrogatory ; asking a question; of the nature of a question = interrogative intentional : accidental : arrogant : humble (OPPOSITE) arrogance : defer :: lassitude : stir (OPPOSITE) defer, ;, lassitude,, a state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or listlessness frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant (A << B) arroyo [әrɔíou] n. : a deep gully cut by an intermittent stream grotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel (A << B) grotto <grátou> a small cave or cavern arsenal [ɑ rsәnәl] n. archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon artery [' :rt ri] n. ; / : a major route of transportation into which local routes flow artery : plaque :: channel : silt (B = A의 흐름을 방해) articulate [ɑ rtíkjәlit] vt. 1. to pronounce distinctly and carefully; enunciate 2. to utter (a speech sound) by making the necessary movements of the speech organs 3. to express in coherent verbal form; give words to 4. to fit together into a coherent whole; unify ratiocination : thinking :: articulation : talking ratiocinate <ræ ʃiásәnèit> / to reason methodically and logically articulate : clearly :: shout : loudly articulate : speech :: graceful : movement articulate : unclear :: elaborate : sketchy

18 artifact [ɑ rtәfæ kt], 1. an object produced or shaped by human craft, especially a tool, a weapon, or an ornament of archaeological or historical interest 2. a typical product or result archive : records :: museum : artifacts artifice [ɑ rtәfis] n., 1. an artful or crafty expedient; a stratagem 2. subtle but base deception; trickery 3. cleverness or skill; ingenuity artifice candor ascetic sybarite, voluptuary, hedonist, sumptuous, indulgent sybarite voluptuary <vәlʌ ptʃuèri>, hedonism pursuit of or devotion to pleasure, especially to the pleasures of the senses sumptuous, ;, asceticism indulgence aseptic [әséptik, ei-] a. aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs anesthetic n. a. ;, aseptic contaminated artisan [ɑ rtәzәn / ɑ rtizǽn, - -] n. : a skilled manual worker; a craftsperson artisan : potter :: entertainer : comedian (A B) artless [ɑ rtlis] a., 1. having or displaying no guile, cunning, or deceit 2. free of artificiality; natural 3. lacking art, knowledge, or skill; uncultured and ignorant 4. poorly made or done; crude blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless (OPPOSITE) blemish ( ), impeccable ; guile, artlessness : guile :: dabbler : dedication artless cunning, sly, disingenuous, affected, guileful, sophisticated sly, ; disingenuous,, not straightforward or candid; crafty ingenuous, ;, = artless guile treacherous cunning; skillful deceit artlessness duplicity, guile duplicity, artlessness urbanity, sophistication, affectation, sophism urbanity ; refinement and elegance of manner; polished courtesy affectation, ;, sophism 1. a plausible but fallacious argument 2. deceptive or fallacious argumentation ascend [ s'end] v., ; ( ) v.i. 1. to go or move upward; rise 2. to slope upward v.t. 1. to move upward upon or along; climb 2. to succeed to; occupy ascend decline, go down ascendant [әséndәnt] n. : DOMINATION : a state or position of dominant power or importance ascendant having no influence, having no power, declining ascendant nonentity nonentity / ; ascetic [әsétik] a. n., 1. leading a life f self-discipline and self-denial, especially for spiritual improvement 2. pertaining to or characteristic of an ascetic; self-denying ascetic : self-denial :: glutton : overindulgence :: busybody : intrusiveness glutton, ; busybody intrusive ; ascetic : self-denial :: bodybuilding : self-development ascetic : luxury :: teetotaler : alcohol teetotaler one who abstains completely from alcoholic beverages aside [әsáid] n. ; ;, 1. a piece of dialogue intended for the audience and supposedly not heard by the other actors on stage 2. a remark made in an undertone so as to be inaudible to others nearby 3. a parenthetical departure; a digression aside : digression :: overture : introduction (CHARACTER) aside : digression :: summary : excerpt excerpt ; ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent askew [әskjú ] a. : AWRY : to one side awry <әrái>, ; ( ), aligned askew aspect [ǽspekt] n., : EXPOSURE : a position facing a particular direction transfigure : aspect :: transfer : location (A = B를 바꿈) transfigure, ; transfix : attention transfix, (pierce); ( ) asperity [æspérәti] n., : HARSHNESS 1. a. roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate b. severity; rigor 2. roughness of manner or of temper; ill temper or irritability asperity : optimistic :: (OPPOSITE) ( ) asperity mildness of temper, amicability, amiability, mildness, soothingness aspersion [әspә rʒәn, -ʃәn] n., ; ( ) 1. a. an unfavorable or damaging remark; slander b. the act of defaming or slandering 2. a sprinkling, especially with holy water aspersion : discredit :: canard : deceive canard, aspersion glowing tribute, flattery aspiration [æ spәréiʃәn] n.,, ;, ; 1. expulsion of breath in speech 2. (linguistics) a. the pronunciation of a consonant with an aspirate b. a speech sound produced with an aspirate 3. the act of breathing in; inhalation 4. (medicine) the process of removing fluids or gases from the body with a suction device 5. a. a strong desire for high achievement b. an object of such desire; an ambition aspire v. ; 1. to have a great ambition or ultimate goal; desire strongly 2. to strive toward an end 3. to soar, ; ( )

19 audacious : trepidation :: laconic : aspiration (OPPOSITE ::??) ( ) audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility (OPPOSITE) audacious, ; ;, trepidation,, ;, laconic ; using or marked by the use of few words; terse or concise aspirant : quarry :: hunter : prey (A = B하는 사람) quarry ;, assail [ s'eil] v. / ; ( ) ; ( ) 1. to attack with or as if with violent blows; assault 2. to attack verbally, as with ridicule or censure 3. to trouble; beset assail champion, endorse, extol, vindicate endorse /,, ; vindicate ;, assay n. ( ), 1. a. qualitative or quantitative analysis of a substance, especially of an ore or drug, to determine its components b. a substance to be so analyzed c. the result of such an analysis 2. an analysis or examination assay : objective :: (CHARACTER) assert [әsә rt] vt., : to state or express positively calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony (OPPOSITE) calumny, perjury ;, assert : belabor :: tend : fuss (A << B) belabor ; ; fuss, assertive [әsә rtiv] a., : disposed to or characterized by bold or confident assertion; aggressively self-assured obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive (A >> B) obsequious, full of or exhibiting servile compliance belligerent, assertive inclined to bold or confident assertion; aggressively selfassured bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful (A >> B) bumptious, (arrogant); crudely or loudly assertive; pushy garish unassertive brassy brassy, ;, ;, ; assess [әsés] v. 1. to estimate the value of (property) for taxation 2. to set or determine the amount of (a payment, such as a tax or fine) 3. to charge (a person or property) with a special payment, such as a tax or fine 4. to determine the value, significance, or extent of; appraise assess : value :: plumb : depth asset [ǽset] n. asset liability liability, (debts) assiduous [әsídʒuәs] a. ;, 1. constant in application or attention; diligent 2. unceasing; persistent rakish : restraint :: slothful : assiduity (OPPOSITE) rakish, slothful, disinclined to work or exertion; lazy assiduous indolent, desultory, slipshod, remiss indolent, desultory, slipshod, remiss,, assistance [ s'ist: ns] 1. the act of assisting 2. aid; help assistance interference n.,, assuage [әswéidʒ] vt. ( ), : APPEASE, EASE 1. to make (something burdensome or painful) less intense or severe 2. to satisfy or appease (hunger or thirst, for example) 3. to pacify or calm assuage : sorrow :: dampen : ardor assuage intensify, inflame, exacerbate, vex, incite, aggravate, chafe chafe, ;, gall calm, assuage gall ; ;, ;, assume [әsjú m] vt. 1. to take upon oneself 2. to undertake the duties of (an office) ( ) 3. to affect the appearance or possession of; feign to take for granted; suppose assume refuse, reject, abdicate unassuming overbearing overbearing,, usurp assume rightfully usurp, ; astounding [әstáundiŋ] a. astound to astonish and bewilder indelible : forget :: astounding : expect (A = B할 수 없는) indelible, ; astound : wonder :: appall : horror (A = B하다) appall, to fill with consternation or dismay astringent [әstríndʒәnt] ; : sharp and penetrating; pungent or severe astringent :: pucker :: coagulant : congeal pucker, to gather into small wrinkles or folds coagulant congeal 1. to solidify by or as if by freezing 2. to coagulate; jell astringent : contraction :: anesthetic : insensibility astringent :: pucker :: spark : ignite astrology [ str' l d3i] n. astrology : astronomy :: alchemy : chemistry astute [әstjú t] a., : having or showing shrewdness and discernment, especially with respect to one's own concerns astute fatuous fatuous, ; asunder [әsʌńdәr] a., 1. into separate parts or pieces 2. apart from each other either in position or in direction asunder yoking, in a piece, uniting yoke ;, (cramp);,

20 asymmetrical [èisimétrikәl, æ s-] a. circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid (A lack B) protean <próutiәn> readily taking on varied shapes, forms, or meanings asylum [әsáilәm] n. ;, : SANCTUARY refugee : asylum :: (사람 : 장소) atone [әtóun] v. ( ), : EXPIATE : to make amends, as for a sin or fault guilt : expiation, atonement :: fatigue : repose expiate to make amends or reparation for; atone repose, ;, ;, atrocious [әtróuʃәs] a. : BARBARIC 1. extremely evil or cruel; monstrous 2. exceptionally bad; abominable atrocious : bad :: momentous : important (A >> B) momentous of utmost importance; of outstanding significance or consequence atrophy n., ;, 1. (pathology) a wasting or decrease in size of a bodily organ, tissue, or part owing to disease, injury, or lack of use 2. a wasting away, deterioration, or diminution attentive [әténtiv] a. ; 1. giving care or attention; watchful 2. marked by or offering devoted and assiduous attention to the pleasure or comfort of others 3. expressing affectionate interest through close observation and gallant gestures attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish (A << B) officious, attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous (A << B) meddle, ; fawning : attentive :: garish : colorful (A >> B) attenuate [әténjuèit] v. : WEAKEN 1. to make slender, fine, or small 2. to reduce in force, value, amount, or degree; weaken 3. to lessen the density of; rarefy attenuate : force :: decelerate : speed :: alleviate : power attenuate : thickness :: enervate : vitality :: cool : temperature :: weaken : potence enervate to weaken or destroy the strength or vitality of potence, potency, ;, ;, attenuate : thickness :: debilitate : strength :: collapse : volume debilitate = enervate debase : value :: attenuate : force :: retrenchment : money debase (, ), to lower in character, quality, or value; degrade retrench, ; to cut down, reduce; to remove, delete, or omit attenuate : thickness :: attenuate : force :: simplify : complexity attenuate intensify, strengthen, force( ) attorney [әtә rni] n., : a legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in legal proceedings attorney : disbar :: student : expel attorney : defendant :: (EQUAL) attrition n., ;, ; 1. a rubbing away or wearing down by friction 2. a gradual diminution in number or strength because of constant stress 3. a gradual, natural reduction in membership or personnel, as through retirement, resignation, or death 4. (theology) repentance for sin motivated by fear of punishment rather than by love of God unrepentant attritional attribute [ǽtribjù t] /[әtríbju t] n. /, v. ~ : impute, ascribe, accuse : a legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in legal auction [ɔ kʃәn] n. audacious [ɔ déiʃәs] a.,, : ADVENTUROUS 1. fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold 2. unrestrained by convention or propriety; insolent 3. spirited and original, audacious : trepidation :: laconic : aspiration ( ) trepidation, ;, ;, audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility (OPPOSITE, 형 : 명) audacious : cautious :: (OPPOSITE) audacious : caution :: inedible : food (LACK ::??) ( ) circumspect audacious, reckless, direct encounter audacious timid meticulous, audible [ɔ dәbl] a. audible : stentorian :: discernable : obvious, manifest (A << B) stentorian extremely loud audition n., ;, interview : applicant :: audition : actor augment [ɔ gmént] v. : to make (something already developed or well under way) greater, as in size, extent, or quantity augment retrench, abate retrench, to cut down, reduce; to remove, delete, or omit abate, augmentation abatement, diminution diminution a. the act or process of diminishing; a lessening or reduction b. the resulting reduction; decrease augur [ɔ gәr] n, v., : one held to foretell events by omens intercessor : mediate :: augur : predict :: translator : interpret intercessor, intercession, ;, augur : predict :: pundit : opine pundit a source of opinion; a learned person opine, to hold or state as an opinion worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury (A를 위해 B를 사용한다) maven : experience :: luminary : eminence :: pundit : opine (A = B를 가 지고 있는 것) maven a person who has special knowledge or experience; an expert luminary ; maven : experience :: augur : prediction auspicious [ɔ spíʃәs] a. : PROPITIOUS 1. attended by favorable circumstances; propitious 2. marked by success; prosperous auspicious boding ill, untoward, ominous, unfavorable, ill-omened boding / an omen or foreboding, especially of evil foreboding a sense of impending evil; an evil omen omen,, ominous ;,