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1 Korean Journal of Human Ecology Vol. 23, No. 5, ISSN (Print)/ISSN (Online) 20대후반성인여성의한복저고리패턴개발을위한 1) 상반신뒷면의체형분석 Upper Back Somatotype Analysis for Development of Hanbok Jeogori Pattern of Female in Late 20s 엄란이 이예진 * 2) 충남대학교의류학과 Eom, Ran-i Lee, Yejin* Dept. of Clothing & Textiles, Chungnam National University Abstract The objective of this study is to classify somatotypes of back-surface shape of women in their late 20s by using 3D body scan data(size Korea 2010) in order to improve fitness of Hanbok Jeogori. The results were as follows: 1. According to the in-depth survey of the experienced expert's interview, most problems related to the fit were caused by the back area of Jeogori. 2. The result of factor analysis indicated that 6 factors were extracted and those factors comprised 82.85% of total variance. 3. According to the cluster analysis, back somatotypes of women in their late 20s were categorized by two types : straight type(54.1%) and bending type(46.9%). The results could be used as the Hanbok Jeogori to improve the fitness of back-surface shape. Keywords: Somatotype, Back-surface shape, 3D body scan data, Hanbok Jeogori Ⅰ. 서론 한복은우리나라전통복식으로비록현재한복의구매비율이과거에비해감소하고착용횟수도줄었지만 (Cho et al., 2009), 문화이미지제고를위해계속발전시켜계승해야하는아이템이다. Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism(2007) 에서도전통문화를활용한 한브랜드화사업 을추진하면서패션산업중한복의개발과활용이필요함을언급한바있으나기성복에비해상대적으로연구가매우부족한실태이다. 아직도많은업체에서는한복제작시전통평면재단방식의장촌식제도법을사용하고있으며, 사이즈는단순히대 중 소로만구분하고있어 착용자는착용후불편함을적지않게호소하고있다 (Lee, 2004). 특히착용후불편해하는부분으로저고리뒤품을 37% 나지적했고, 현한복제작업체도제작후문제가되는부위로 30% 가저고리뒤품을언급하였다 (Lee & Soh, 2000). 또한완성된저고리에대해소비자로부터수정이요구되는부위역시뒤품이 32% 로나타나 (Cho et al., 1998), 저고리패턴에있어서해결해야하는주요요인이뒷면등부위이며이부위체형분석에근거하여전통외관및봉제법은고수하면서착용감이편하며맞음새가우수한한복개발연구가필요함을알수있었다. 한복관련의복구성학적접근의기존연구들대부분이먼저연령대에따라체형특성을파악한후이에적합한 이연구는충남대학교 cnu 학술연구비에의해지원되었음. * Corresponding Author: Lee, Yejin Tel: yejin@cnu.ac.kr c 2014, Korean Association of Human Ecology. All rights reserved
2 2 한국생활과학회지제 23 권 5 호 2014 패턴을제시하는순서로연구를진행하고있다. 예를들면노년기여성의체형을간접계측에의해분류한후저고리를설계하거나 (Kwon, 1994), 체형별중년여성의인체모형을이용하여저고리패턴을제시하였다 (Jin & Kwon, 2003). Kang과 Choi(2009) 는 20 30대여성의표준체형평균치수로어깨선과진동선, 소매산에변화를주어기성복처럼어깨각도가있는저고리패턴을개발하였다. 최근에는가상착의프로그램을활용하여중년여성의체형에맞는저고리패턴을소개하였다 (Lim & Lee, 2012). 그러나연구대상인연령대가중년이나노년에많은분포되어있어상대적으로한복구매가가장많이이루어지는 20대후반여성 (Statistics Korea, 2012) 의패턴은다루어지지않고있다. 또한우리나라 20대여성은다른연령대와는다르게어깨비대칭과목의숙임에따른자라목등의형태적특성이있다고 Size Korea(2004) 에서보고된바있어무엇보다 20대후반여성의체형분석을선행되어져야패턴을언급할수있다. 그런데일반기성복패턴개발과는달리한복의경우 3차원을활용하여체형파악및분석하는연구가거의없는실정이다. 그러므로한복저고리에서가장큰문제가발생하는뒷면부위의불편함을해결하기위해 20대후반여성의체형을 3차원인체정보를활용하여보다심도있게분류할필요가있다. 먼저한복제조업체전문가에게심층설문조사를실시하여체형분석을위한부위를명확하게설정하고, 20대후반여성의뒷면부위의형태를 Size Korea(2010) 에서측정한 3차원데이터를활용하여유형화하였다. 20대후반성인여성의윗가슴둘레 (83.15±4.89cm), 가슴둘레, 허리둘레, 엉덩이둘레평균치수에근접한총 49명의 3차원인체형상데이터에 Design X(3D systems, Korea) 프로그램을이용하여한복저고리패턴설계에필요한기준선과기준점을설정하였다. 그리고인체형상분류에필요한 3차원치수를계측하고, 측정된치수로요인분석및군집분석을실시하여상반신뒷면 체형을분류하였다. 본연구는 20대후반여성의뒷면형상을 3차원기반으로분석하여체형을고려한한복저고리패턴설계시기초자료로사용될예정이며, 3차원테크놀로지기술이접목됨으로서맞춤제작형태의한복생산에기여할수있을것으로기대된다. Ⅱ. 연구방법및절차 1. 저고리의맞음새실태에관한면접조사방법한복제조업체에서실제로한복을구입하는고객의치수를측정하고제도및제작과정까지모두관여하고있는경력자 5인을방문하여저고리의맞음새실태에관한 1:1 포커스심층면접을실시하였다. 면접대상인경력자는최소 15년에서최대 35년까지경험이있는사람으로선정하였다. 면접장소는면접대상자의작업실에서연구의목적을설명하고자연스러운분위기에서편안하게답변하는형식으로진행하였다. 면접질문의내용은다음과같이저고리완성후어느부위가가장문제인지, 문제가많이발생하는연령대는어떻게되는지, 저고리착용후맞음새로인한불만족이있는지, 문제발생부위를어떻게해결하고있는지등으로구성하여실시하였다. 2. 3차원인체형상측정대상측정대상은 25세에서 29세의 20대후반성인여성으로, Size Korea(2010) 의인체치수조사과정에서획득된 3차원인체형상데이터 49명을제공받아활용하였다. 저고리의뒷면부위맞음새를향상시키기위한패턴개발시의기초자료로활용하고자상반신뒷면부위의형태유형화에초점을맞추기위해기존연구에서표준편차가크다고언급된윗가슴둘레, 가슴둘레, 허리둘레, 엉덩이둘레항목은통제변인으로사용하였다. 그리고 3차원인체데이터선정 <Table 1> Size specification of subjects and Size Korea(2010) (unit:cm) Sample entity used in this study (N=49) Size Korea(2010) (N=313) Mean (S.D.) Mean (S.D.) Upper chest circumference (2.29) (4.89) Hip circumference (3.50) (4.91)
3 20 대후반성인여성의한복저고리패턴개발을위한상반신뒷면의체형분석 3 시시각적으로두드러지게비대칭적인자세를가지고있는데이터는사전에연구대상에서포함시키지않았다. 통제변인을통해상반신뒷면형태만을유형화할수있었고이에적합한한복패턴설계시기초자료가될수있었다. 연구대상 49명의둘레항목기술통계량과 Size Korea(2010) 에서직접계측된치수를 <Table 1> 에기재하였다. 3. 3차원인체형상의기준선및기준점설정 20대후반성인여성의상반신뒷면형상을분류하기위해 3차원데이터상에서기준선과기준점을설정하였다 (Design X, 3D systems Korea, Inc.). 기준선으로는앞중심선 (CFL) 과뒤중심선 (CBL) 을사용하였다. 먼저 Size Korea(2010) 에서제공된 3차원측정가슴높이치수에위치한횡단면을생성하였다. 이횡단면의최외곽에두개의수직기준면을만들고이두수직기준면의중간지점 에다시 A수직기준면을설정하였다. 그리고 A수직기준면과가슴높이위치횡단면과의앞면교차점에 a점을생성하였다. 또한위와같은방법으로 3차원측정허리높이치수에위치한횡단면을만들어좌우최외곽에두개의수직기준면을생성하고이두수직기준면의중간지점에 B수직기준면을만들었다. B수직기준면과허리위치횡단면과의앞면교차점에 b점을생성하였다. 최종적으로 a점과 b점을지나는선을앞중심선 (CFL) 이라정하였다. 뒤중심선 (CBL) 은앞서언급한앞중심선 (CFL) 생성방법과같다. 다만기준횡단면으로 3차원측정목뒤높이치수와 3차원측정허리높이를사용하였다. 생성된 a 점과 b 점을지나는선을뒤중심선 (CBL) 이라정하였다 [Figure 1]. 상반신뒷면형상분류를위하여기존연구에근거해 3차원계측기준점 (Reference Point) 을선정하였고 [Figure 2], 각각의생성방법은 <Table 2> 와같다. 다만본연구에서사용된기준점은 3차원프로그램상에서 [Figure 4] Setting method of guide line [Figure 5] Reference Point of human body
4 4 한국생활과학회지제 23 권 5 호 2014 선정하다보니인체측정규정 (KS A ISO ) 과는다른것도있다. 4. 3차원인체형상의측정항목앞서 3차원인체형상에서결정이된기준점 (Reference Point) 을 49개의 3차원인체데이터에모두동일한방법으로표시를하고 Design X(3D systems Korea, Inc.) 프로그램에서치수측정을실시하였다. 본연구에서는 20대후반성인여성의상반신중등부위의형태를분석하여유형화를하고자선행연구들을참고하여필요한항목만을선정하여측정을하였다. 지수항목을포함하여 <Table 3> 과 [Figure 3] 에측정항목과측정방법을제시하였다. 측정항목중, 각도항목의경우에는평면 Plane에서 2D로투영시켜측정하였다. 5. 데이터분석방법본연구의자료분석은 IBM SPSS Statistics Ver 프로그램을사용하여통계처리하였다. 20대후반성인여성상반신의뒷면형상을구성하는요인을추출하기위해요인분석을실시하였다. 요인분석에의해추출이된요인의표준화된요인점수는군집분석에사용되어뒷면형상을유형화하였다. 분류가된유형의체형특징을분석하기위해각체형별로요인분석항목의차이를검증하였다. Ⅲ. 연구결과 1. 저고리의맞음새실태에관한면접조사결과심층면접을실시한결과등품이들뜨게되면착용후맞음새로인한불만족이모두생긴다고하였고저고리완성후어느부위가가장문제인지, 문제가많이발생하는 <Table 2> Measurement list and method Reference Point FNP (Front Neck Point) BNP (Back Neck Point) SNP (Side Neck Point) SNP" (Side Neck Point") SP (Shoulder Point) PAF (Posterior Axillary Fold) BP (Bust Point) SWP (Side Waist Point) BWP (Back Waist Point) PSP (Protruding Shoulder Point) Definition Intersection of cross section the most inside on the front body and CF Intersection of 3D Back neck height and CB Intersection of plain from BNP passing FNP and center plain between FNP vertical plain and BNP vertical plain Intersection of the most inside cross section in neck part and center plain between back and forth of cross section Intersection of changing cross section slope silhouette in shoulder in front view of body and intersection plain outer cross section Cross and vertical section in back view of body formed. Intersection of start point of wrinkling on the boundary of torso and armpit infolding finished point Intersection of bust height(size Korea, 2010) cross section and the most outside vertical plain of bust height in side view of body Intersection of the most inside cross section in side waist in cross section of waist part and outside plain the most inside of waist part in back view of body Intersection of the most inside cross section from back waist part and outside plain the most inside in side view of body Intersection of the most protruded cross section from back part and vertical plain of the most protruded point in side view of body
5 20 대후반성인여성의한복저고리패턴개발을위한상반신뒷면의체형분석 5 <Table 3> Measurement list and method Measurement items Definition 1 Length Back length Surface length from BNP to BWP 2 Stature Data provided by the Size Korea(2010) 3 Back neck height Data provided by the Size Korea(2010) Height 4 BNP BWP Vertical length from BNP to BWP 5 BNP BP Vertical length from BNP to BP 6 Shoulder width Horizontal length between SP and SP 7 Back width* Horizontal length between PAF and PAF 8 Width Waist width Horizontal length between SWP and SWP 9 CB SNP Horizontal length from CBL to SNP 10 SNP SP Horizontal length from SNP to SP 11 Back-surface upper angle** Angle of vertical line from BNP and connected line from BNP to PSP in 2D plain of projection 12 P* 13 A Angle 14 B Angle of connected line from BNP to PSP and connected line from PSP to BWP in 2D plain of projection Angle of connected line from in base line up from BWP to PSP in 2D plain of projection Angle of connected line from in base line up from BWP to BNP in 2D plain of projection 15 Left shoulder gradient Angle of from SNP"(L) to SP(L) in 2D plain of projection 16 Right shoulder gradient Angle of from SNP"(R) to SP(R) in 2D plain of projection 17 D1*** Thickness from vertical line down from BNP to PSP Thickness 18 D2*** Thickness from vertical line down from BNP to BWP 19 Protrusion Back-surface Protrusion+ Horizontal length from vertical line passed by BWP to PSP 20 Back length/back Neck height Rhorer Index 21 Shoulder width/stature * Reference: *:Size Korea(2010) / Choi(2002) / **:Choi(1997) / ***: Kim(2009) / +: Kwon(1994) / : Add measurement items
6 6 한국생활과학회지제 23 권 5 호 2014 [Figure 6] List of measurement of 3D human body
7 20 대후반성인여성의한복저고리패턴개발을위한상반신뒷면의체형분석 7 연령대는어떻게되는지에대한답변을정리하면아래와같다. 연령과무관하게체형의문제로뒤가들떠요. 하지만 50대의혼주보다도 20대 ~30대의결혼하는연령에서체형의문제로저고리의등품이들뜹니다...( 경력20년 ) 마르고젊은사람들이저고리의뒤품이들뜨고있어요...( 경력 35년 ) 요즘젊은사람들이젖힌상태에서다니다보니뒤품이자연스럽데들뜰수밖에없습니다...( 경력 15년 ) 그리고문제발생부위를어떻게해결하고있는지에대한답변을정리하여요약하면아래와같다. 요즘에는미리기술을이용해서처음부터등이들뜨는것을커버합니다. 뒷중심을약 1cm정도후려주거나뒷목을조금파서해결하고있어요. 바른체형과반신체형에해당하는사람들에게이작업을합니다...( 경력15년 ) 겨드랑이를줄여서해결합니다...( 경력 35년 ) 신축성이없는소재는너무 fit감이있으면안되지만그래도잘맞게착용되는것이필요해요. 그렇기때문에등품의 fit이필요합니다. 일단가봉할때, 미리눈으로스캔해서수정할때가있는지없는지알아서수정을하고있어요. 뒷솔기를직선으로후려서줄이거나옆장을줄여줌으로서해결해완성된저고리를입었을때잘들뜨지않도록합니다...( 경력 20년 ) 실크소재로제작된저고리는다리미로해결하기도합니다...( 경력30년 ) 결과적으로저고리의맞음새는체형이크게영향을미치는것으로나타났다. 특히등부위에서저고리의뒤품이들뜨는문제가발생하다고지적하였는데대부분젊은연령층에서생긴다고하였다. 실제한복실무자들이저고리의등부위맞음새를해결하는방법에는주로등솔기인뒷중심이나겨드랑이부위를다트형태로잡아주어품을줄여주는방법을사용하고있었다. 혹은뒷중심을약 1cm 정도후려주거나뒷목을조금파기도하고겨드랑이를줄여서해결하기도한다고하였다. 가봉을할때미리눈으로스캔을해서수정할때가있는지없는지알아서수정을하는데가끔은다리미를이용하기도한다고언급하였다. 그러나체형에따라정해진패턴제도법이아닌본인의숙련된기술을통해얻은노하우이므로체형에따른패턴설계가필요함을알수있었다 대후반성인여성의뒷면형상측정치분석길이 1개항목, 높이 4개항목, 너비 5개항목, 각도 6 개항목, 두께 2개항목, 돌출량항목 1개및지수항목 2개에대한 3차원인체계측치의평균및표준편차를구한결과 <Table 4>, 인체측정치의기술통계량에서키는표준편차가 5.20cm, 목뒤높이는표준편차가 4.93cm로, 비교적넓은표준편차를나타내고있으나, 목뒤점에서허리뒤점까지의거리와목뒤점에서젖꼭지점까지의거리는표준편차가작게나타난것으로보아, 20대후반여성의키차이는하반신의높이영향이크다고볼수있었다. 목뒤점에서견갑돌출점을지나허리뒤점까지연결선이이루는각은표준편차가 4.15 로넓은분포의표준편차를보였는데, 20대후반성인여성들의등부위의만곡이다양하다는것이라고볼수있다. 허리뒤점에서올린기준선에서목뒤점을연결한선의기울기평균이 로나왔는데, 이는목이앞쪽으로기울어진인체가많이분포했기때문에 -값으로나온것으로사료된다. 오른쪽어깨기울기와왼쪽어깨기울기의평균차는 2.64 로나와약간비대칭적인자세를가지고있는것으로보인다. CBL( 뒷중심 ) 에서 SNP( 목옆점 ) 까지의거리는평균이약 7.29cm였는데이는앞서 3차원인체데이터상에서목옆점선정방법때문에실제측정방법에서사용하는기준점보다어깨쪽방향으로나가서표시가되었기때문이다. 단, 각도및두께측정은왼쪽측면에서만측정하였는데인체는비대칭적인자세를가지고있으므로오른쪽방향까지측정한다면더정확한계측이될것이라생각된다 대후반성인여성의뒷면체형분류 1) 뒷면형상의구성요인추출결과 20대후반성인여성의상반신뒷면형상을특징짓는형태요인들을추출하기위하여분석대상의 3차원인체계측자료 21개항목으로요인분석을실시한결과, 총 6개의요인이도출되었고요인전체의누적기여율은 % 로나타났다 <Table 5>. 요인을추출하는방법은주성분방법을이용하였고, 요인의특성을명확하게밝히기위해서 Varimax 법에의한직교회전 (orthogonal rotation) 방법을사용하였다. 요인항목은체형에관한선행연구에근거하여 (Kim, 2009) 0.5 이상의적재량을나타내는항목만을사용하였다. 요인 1의고유치는 4.225이고, 전체변량의 % 를
8 8 한국생활과학회지제 23 권 5 호 2014 <Table 4> Descriptive statistics quantity according to measured size of back-surface shape (Unit : cm, ) Measurement items Mean S.D. Min. Max. 1 Back length Stature Back neck height BNP BWP BNP BP Shoulder width Back width Waist width CBL SNP SNP SP Back-surface upper angle ( ) P ( ) A ( ) B ( ) Left shoulder gradient ( ) Right shoulder gradient ( ) D D Back-surface Protrusion Back length/back Neck height Shoulder width/stature * Shadow area : ±3 < S.D. 설명하고있다. 키와목뒤높이, 목뒤점에서허리뒤점까지수직길이및젖꼭지점까지수직길이, 등길이의항목들이포함되었으며양의값으로부하하고있어 상반신의높이 를설명하는인자들이다. 요인 2의고유치는 3.705이고, 전체변량의 % 를설명하고있다. B( 허리뒤점에서올린기준선에서목뒤점을연결한선의기울기 ) 항목과등면돌출량, A( 허리뒤점에서올린기준선에서등면돌출점을연결한선의기울기 ) 항목이음의값으로부하하고있으며, D2( 목뒤점에서수직으로내린선과허리뒤점사이두께 ) 는양의값으로부하하고있다. 요인2에포함된인체측정항목들은측면모습에서측정된것으로 상반신측면자세및형태 을설명하는인자들이다. 요인3의고유치는 2.929이고, 전체변량의 % 를설명하고있다. P( 목뒤점 등면돌출점 허리뒤점 ) 각은음의값으로부하하고있으며, D1( 목뒤점에서수직으로내린선과등돌출점사이두께 ), 등면상부경사각은양의값으로부하하고있다. 요인3은 등의굽은정도및돌출정도 을설명하는인자들이다. 요인4의고유치는 2.306이고, 전체변량의 % 를설명하고있다. 어깨너비와지수치항목인어깨너비 / 키그리고등너비가포함되었으며모두양의값으로추출이되었다. 요인4는 어깨크기요인 를설명하는인자들이다. 요인5의고유치는 1.702이고, 전체변량의 8.512% 를설명하고있다. 왼쪽어깨기울기와오른쪽어깨기울기가포함되었으며양의값으로부하하고있다. 어깨각도 를설명하는인자들이다. 요인6의고유치는 1.583이고, 전체변량의 7.917% 을설명하고있다. CBL( 뒤중심
9 20 대후반성인여성의한복저고리패턴개발을위한상반신뒷면의체형분석 9 <Table 5> The results of factor analysis for back-surface shape Factor Measurement items Stature Back neck height BNP BWP Back length BNP BP B D Back-surface Protrusion A P Back-surface upper angle D Shoulder width Shoulder width/stature Back width Left shoulder gradient ( ) Right shoulder gradient ( ) CBL SNP SNP SP Waist width Eigenvalue Variance Explained(%) Cumulative Variance(%) 선 ) SNP( 목옆점 ) 는음의값으로부하하고있고, SNP ( 목옆점 ) SP( 어깨끝점 ) 와허리너비는양의값으로부하하고있어, CB SNP너비와 SNP SP, 허리너비가대비되면서형성이되는요인이라고할수있다. 요인6은 어깨와허리너비의대비 를설명하는인자들이다. 인체측정항목에대한요인분석결과의체형구성요인내용은 <Table 6> 에정리하였다. 2) 뒷면형상의유형화 20대후반성인여성의뒷면형상을유형화하기위해서요인분석결과로얻어진 6개의요인점수를독립변수로하여군집분석을실시하였다. 유사성척도는유클리디안거 리를사용하여군집내표본들의유사성은최대화하고, 군집간표본들의유사성은최소화되도록하였으며 K-평균군집분석방법을이용하여체형을분류하였다. 군집의수는 2개부터순차적으로증가시키면서유의확률을검토해보고체형을유형화하였다. 2개의군집일때 <Table 7>, 3개의군집일때 <Table 8>, 4개의군집일때 <Table 9> 에결과를나타내었다. 군집이 2개일때는요인2, 요인 3, 요인5에의해유형이분류가되었으며, 군집이 3개일때는요인3, 요인4, 요인6에의해유형이분류가되었고, 군집이 4개일때는요인1, 요인2, 요인5, 요인6에의해유형이분류가되었다. 본연구에서의체형유형화목적은뒷면형상을유형화하는것에목적을두고있으므로상반신측면자세및형태를설명하는요인2와등의굽은정
10 10 한국생활과학회지제 23 권 5 호 2014 <Table 6> Factors of back-surface shape Factors name Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4 Factor 5 Factor 6 Upper body height Position and shape of the side figure of upper body Crooked extent and projected extent of back Size of shoulder Shoulder angle Contrast of shoulder and Waist width <Table 7> The results of difference verification of factor score (2 clusters) Factor Type 1 Type 2 M (SD) M (SD) t-value p-value (.78).06 (1.21) (.94).46 (.86) ** (1.02).37 (.85) * (1.16).25 (.72) (.91) -.50 (.86) ** (1.07).23 (.89) * p<.05, ** p<.01 <Table 8> The results of difference verification of factor score (3 clusters) Factor Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) f-value p-value 1.01 (.82).09 (1.02) -.19 (1.25) (.98) -.25 (.95).12 (1.09) (.82).55 (.75).20 (.78) *** (.59) -.36 (.69) 1.34 (.87) *** 5.03 (.75) -.30 (1.04).55 (1.08) (.96) -.38 (.99).16 (.86) * * p<.05, *** p<.001 도및돌출정도를설명하는요인3에의해체형구별이되는것이적합하며, 의류학분야에서체형분류가지나치게세분화되면활용하기어려우므로실용가능한수로분류하는것이타당하므로 (Na, 2007) 뒷면형상의특징을유의하게나타낼수있는 2개의군집으로정하였다. 3) 뒷면형상의유형별, 항목별차이검정결과총 49명의체형중유형1은 26명, 유형2는 23명이분포하였고, 체형별로뒷면형상의특징을명확히구분하기위해서항목별로유형의차이를 <Table 10> 에나타냈다. 측면자세및형태 을나타내는요인2에서 B( 허리뒤점
11 20 대후반성인여성의한복저고리패턴개발을위한상반신뒷면의체형분석 11 <Table 9> The results of difference verification of factor score (4 clusters) Factor Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 f p M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) -value -value 1.75 (.71).73 (.86) -.54 (.72) -.85 (.60) *** (.79) 1.13 (.69) -.25 (.66).49 (.80) *** 3.18 (.87) -.46 (.82).27 (1.00) -.27 (1.22) (.73) -.42 (.85).33 (1.14).37 (1.01) (.87).09 (.74).83 (.84) -.72 (.64) *** 6.46 (1.00) -.65 (.87) -.44 (.85).65 (.68) ** ** p<.01, *** p<.001 <Table 10> Comparison of measurement lists of the back-surface shape types Type 1 (N=26) Type 2 (N=23) Mean (S.D.) Mean (S.D.) t-value (Unit : cm, ) p-value Stature (4.30) (6.16) Back neck height (4.03) (5.87) BNP BWP (2.36) (3.23) Back length (1.52) (2.58) BNP BP (1.23) (1.79) B.11 (2.30) (1.88) *** D2.17 (1.43) 1.87 (1.39) *** Back-surface Protrusion 4.64 (1.22) 3.70 (1.06) ** A (2.41) 8.74 (2.50) * P (4.35) (3.89) Back-surface upper angle (2.69) (2.66) ** D (1.04) 5.55 (.90) *** Shoulder width (1.57) (1.10) Shoulder width/stature.22 (.01).22 (.01) Back width (1.12) (1.18) * Left shoulder gradient ( ) (3.62) (2.91) ** Right shoulder gradient ( ) (3.11) (3.17) * CBL SNP 7.53 (.85) 7.02 (.86) * SNP SP (1.13) (.97) ** Waist width (1.34) (1.22) * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<
12 12 한국생활과학회지제 23 권 5 호 2014 에서올린기준선에서목뒤점을연결한선의기울기 ) 에서유형2가음 (-) 의값으로나타나인체가앞쪽으로숙여져있는자세임을알수있고, 유형1의평균값은 0.11cm로비교적반듯한자세임을알수있다. D2( 목뒤점에서수직으로내린선과허리뒤점사이두께 ) 에서유형1의평균은 0.17cm이지만유형2의평균은 1.87cm로나타났으며, A ( 허리뒤점에서올린기준선에서등면돌출점을연결한선의기울기 ) 에서유형1은 10.2, 유형2는 8.74 로유형1은등하부가유형2에비하여비교적젖혀졌음을알수있다. 등면돌출량은유형1이유형2보다큰값을나타내고있다. 등의굽은정도및돌출정도 을나타내는요인3에서는 P각을제외한두개의측정항목이모두유형2의값이크게나타났다. 등면상부경사각은목의굽은정도를볼수있는항목으로, 유형2는등의상부가앞으로숙여졌음을알수있다. 그리고요인2의등돌출량과반대의결과로, D1( 목뒤점에서수직으로내린선과등면돌출점사이두께 ) 에서는유형2가크게나왔는데, 등이숙여진형태를가지기때문에목뒤점이앞쪽으로기울어져등돌출의두께가커지는것으로나타났다. 어깨크기요인 인요인4에서는등너비에서유형1의평균은 30.33cm, 유형2의평균은 31.10cm로유형2가크게나타났다. 어깨각도 인요인5에서는왼쪽과오른쪽의어깨기울기는모두유형1의값이크게나와유의한결과를나타냈다. 두개의유형모두오른쪽과왼쪽이똑같이수평을이루 지않는다는것을알수있다. 어깨와허리너비의대비 인요인6에서는유형1은 CBL SNP 항목이유형2보다값이컸지만 SNP SP값은유형1이작게나왔다. CBL SNP의치수가커지면서나타난현상으로보인다. 각유형의특징을대표체형의측면모습과함께살펴보면 <Table11>, 유형1은목과자세가반듯하고등이비교적바르며등돌출이작은체형으로 바른체형 으로명명하였고, 유형2는목이앞쪽으로기울어져숙여진자세를가지며동시에등이둥글게굽어지면서등돌출이큰체형이므로 굴신체형 으로명명하였다. 굴신체형의경우, 배가나온실루엣을나타냈는데이러한체형은목과어깨를앞쪽으로숙이게되므로균형을이루고자하는작용으로배를앞쪽으로내밀게되기때문 (Seong & Han, 2008) 이라고하였다. Nam(1991) 는귀구슬점에서기준선을수직으로내리면어깨관절의중심과배두께의이등분점을지나는체형을바른체형으로, 숙인체형은기준선이신체앞쪽으로이동한체형으로정의하였다. 유형화된체형들의형태를시각적으로판단하기위해귀구슬점에서수직선으로기준선을내리면 Nam(1991) 의여성측면형태정의와유사한것으로나타났다. 추후본연구에서유형화된체형별저고리패턴설계시필요한치수를 3차원데이터에서추출하여 2차원저고리설계치수즉고대너비, 뒤고대점, 뒤중심다트량, 화장선기울기에반영하고자한다. 이를통해전통외관과봉제법은유지하면서맞음새가향 <Table 11> Representative somatotypes of back-surface shape types Somatotypes types Straight type Bending type Percentage(N) 53.1% (N=26) 46.9% (N=23) Characteristic Straight posture, The least protrusion of the back Bending posture, The most protrusion of the back Body side view (Baseline from tragion)
13 20 대후반성인여성의한복저고리패턴개발을위한상반신뒷면의체형분석 13 상되고편안한저고리패턴을제안할수있을것으로사 료된다. REFERENCES Ⅳ. 결론 본연구는 20대후반성인여성의 3차원인체형상데이터를대상으로인체를측정한후, 측정자료를활용하여 20대후반여성의한복저고리패턴개발을위한기초자료로확보하고자체형을유형화하였다. 성인여성의상반신중뒷면형상을구성하는요인을추출하였으며, 군집분석을실시하여특징적인유형으로분류하였다. 연구결과를요약하면다음과같다. 첫째, 20대후반성인여성의한복저고리맞음새에있어서가장문제가되는부위는등부위이며, 등부위의형태에의해저고리의뒤품이들뜨는것으로나타났다. 그러나뒤품이들뜨는문제를해결하기위한패턴은없었으며숙련자들은경험에의해해결하고있었다. 둘째, 20대후반여성의뒷면형상을요인분석한결과, 요인은상반신높이, 상반신측면자세및형태, 등의굽은정도및돌출정도, 어깨크기요인, 어깨각도, 어깨와허리너비의대비로총 6개로구성되었고총설명량은 82.25% 였다. 셋째, 본연구대상의뒷면형상분석에따른체형분류결과, 바른체형은 53.1%(26 명 ), 굴신체형은 46.9%(23 명 ) 로나타나 2개의유형으로나누어졌고고루분포됨을알수있었다. 바른체형은목과자세가반듯하고등이비교적바른형상이며등돌출이작은특징이있었다. 반면굴신체형은목이앞으로기울어지면서숙여진자세를가지며배가나온특징이있었다. 본연구에서분류된각체형별 3D 인체데이터들은맞음새가향상된저고리패턴개발시기초자료로사용될예정이다. 패턴설계시 3D상에서측정한치수를반영해줌으로써가봉없이피트성이향상된저고리를제공할수있는것이다. 그러나본연구는 3차원인체데이터표본개체수가 49명으로국한되어있어비교와확대해석에는한계가있으므로확대해석에는신중을가해야할것이다. 주제어 : 체형, 뒷면형상, 3차원인체스캔데이터, 한복저고리 Cho, H. S., Chun, A. J, & Lee, S. E. (1998). An Empirical Study on the Characteristics of the Korean Traditional Clothing Manufacturers, Journal of Korean Traditional costume, 1(2), Cho, W. H., Park, H. J., Kim, M. Y., & Kim, Y. M. (2009). The Fact-Finding Survey and Analysis for the Promotion of Korean Traditional Costume Industry, Journal of the Korean Society of Costume, 59(3), Choi, S. Y. (2002). Adult women's back type classification and Development of the Basic Bodice Pattern. Unpublished master thesis, Pusan National University. Korea. Choi, Y. K. (1997). Shape classification of bodytype on adult female and its variation of size and shape according to their age. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Seoul National University. Korea. Jin, H. S. & Kwon, M. J. (2003). A study model standardization by the body types of Jugori of Hanbok for middle-aged women, Journal of the Korea Fashion & Costume Design Association, 5(1), Kim, I. M. (2009). Somatotype classification throughout the shoulder and back types of women in theire arly twenties. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Dongduk Women's University. Korea. Kwon, S. H. (1994). Classification and Dress Forms of Body for the Construction of a College Women's Clothing. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Yonsei University. Korea. Kwon, H. J. (1994). A Study on the Suitability of Jeogory for elderly Women. Unpublished master thesis, Sook Myung Women's University. Korea. Kang, K. H. & Choi, J. W. (2009). The Development of Patterns of Jeogori to Enhance
14 14 한국생활과학회지제 23 권 5 호 2014 the Fit - With a Focus on women in their 20s and 30s -, Journal of the Korean Society of Costume, 29(1), Lee, Y. H. (2004). A Study on the Pattern of the Jeogori for women. Unpublished master thesis, Catholic University. Korea. Lee, Y. Y. & Soh, H. O. (2000). A Study on the Current Conditions of the Production Enterprises of Hanbok (the Korean traditional costumes) and Patterns, Journal of Korean Traditional costume, 3(1), Lim, J. Y. & Lee, H. Y. (2012). A Development of Hanbok Jeogori Pattern from Virtual Garment Simulation - With a Focus on Women in their 50s -, Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Textile research Journal, 14(4), Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. (2007). 2007~2011 National Fiscal Management Plan. Na, H. S. (2007). Classification of Side Somatotype of Upper Lateral Torso Analyzing 3D Body Scan Image of American Females, Journal of the Korean Society of Costume, 57(4), Nam, Y. J. (1991). A study on classification of somatotype based on the lateral view of women's upper body. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Seoul National University, Korea. Seong, W. K. & Han, M. S. (2008). Classification on the Upper Trunk Shapes of the Women in 20-30s by Tight Fitting Technique. Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles, 32(3), Size Korea. (2004). 5th Size Korea Technical Report. Seoul: Government Printing Office. Retrieved March 20, 2014, from Size Korea. (2010). 6th Size Korea 3D Scan & Measurement Technical Report. Seoul: Goverment Printing Office. Retrieved January 24, 2013, from Statistics Korea. (2012). Statistics DB Census : average age at first marriage by province. Retrieved December 31, 2012, from h t t p : / / k o s i s. k r / s t a t H t m l / s t a t Html.do?orgId=101&tblId=DT_1B83A05&vw_cd =&list_id=&scrid=&seqno=&lang_mode=ko&obj _var_id=&itm_id=&conn_path=k1&path= Received. 27 June 2014; 1st Revised 18 August 2014; 2nd Revised 29 September 2014; Accepted 14 October
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