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1 Kr. J. Micrbil. Bitechnl. Vl. 34, N. 2, (2006) Auxin Siderphre» ³ Bacillus subtilis AH18 Á½ Á Á½ * û w w w An Auxin Prducing Plant Grwth Prmting Rhizbacterium Bacillus subtilis AH18 which has Siderphre-Prducing Bicntl Activity. Jung, Hee Kyung, Jin-rak Kim, Sang-Min W, and Sang-Dal Kim*. Department f Applied Micrbilgy, Cllege f Natural Resurces, Yeungnam University, Gyengsan , Krea T islate a bacterium that prduces plant grwth prmting hrmne, a ttal f 29 bacteria were btained frm the sil in Gyengsan, Krea. Amng these, 14 strains were selected by their psitive reactin n Salkwski t prduce auxin. All f these were then tested fr their prperty t prduce siderphre using CASG(chrme azurl S) blue agar, and ne was chsen fr its ability t prduce bth, auxin and siderphre. This strain, dented, AH18, shwed 1.5 times higher adventitius rt inductin rates than cntrls, using mung-beans. The strain als shwed efficient bicntrl prperties twards Fusarium-wilt f tmates in artificial pt assays. The strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis by 16s rdna cmparisn and Bilg analyses. Grwth and media cnditins fr Bacillus subtilis AH18 t highly prduce siderphre were als investigated. Key wrds: Bicntrl, siderphre, auxin, Fusarium xysprum, Bacillus subtilis «(Rhizsphere cmmunity) w w e m plant grwth prmting rhizbacteria(pgpr) w, w p yw w ƒ š. w w auxin, gibberellin y w, w [10], ³ s ƒ wz [1, 2] siderphre m mw Á wš w, cytkinin, jasmnic acid, ethylene w w w». t y auxin s,,» y, y w, w Aztbacter[17], Pseudmnas[12], Rhizbium[5], Azspirillum [3] š š. auxin œ w w j [3]. Auxin q Gibberella fujikuri, y, { kq w j [16], Aztbacter, Arthzbacter *Crrespnding authr Tel: , Fax sdkim@yumail.ac.kr š. ³ w» Pseudmnas spp. w siderphre «t PGPR (Fe 3+ ) w ³ w, w ¼w m j {w [8, 19, 23]. w w m ³» ƒ» w s x w m w. m w yw w mw w w. ù m w ³ w p z ƒ û ³ m g w w yw, j v w š. m w w x m û z wš ³ ¼w wì k auxin siderphre» ³ wš, ³ w siderphre e, ph w w w šw.

2 «m Auxin ¼w³ w «m ƒ «m 0.1 g ³ 0.9 ml ƒw w z Nutrient agar(nutrient brth 0.8%, agar 1.5%) 0.1 ml w 30 C 24~48 w clny w. Auxin ³ Auxin ³ w L-Tryptphan 0.02% ƒw King's B brth (Peptne NO.3 2%, K 2 PO %, MgSO 4 7H 2 O 0.15%, glycerl 1.5%) 5 ml m l w ³ wš 30 C 24 w. z 8,000 rpm 10 w e Salkwski (5% perchric acid 100 ml, 0.05 M ferric chlride 2 ml) 1:2 30 k z y ³ w, ³ Nutrient agar w 4 C w [9]. Siderphre Auxin ³ siderphre w» w siderphre ³ CAS(chrme azurl S) blue agar [18] auxin ùkü ³ w 28 C j range hal zne w siderphre ³ wš CAS liquid assay w siderphre y CAS k w siderphre w ³ w [11]. Auxin ³ ¼w³ auxin in viv ƒ w (Mung-bean adventitius rt inductin methd) ww [5]., t 0.3% sdium hypchlrite 3 e z 24 e w š ³m q w 28 C, 5,000 lux Ÿ w 6~7 w. 1 š 3 ƒ t k eü ³ w j» l wš w 3cm û»š e w z, w ³ 50 µl ³ 5mlƒ test tube w 1 š 24 ¾ w 28 C 5,000 lux 6 k z ¼ 1mm w. Bacillus subtilis AH18 PRODUCES AUXIN AND SIDEROPHORE 95 Auxin ³ ³ Auxin siderphre ƒ» ³ in vitr Fusarium xysprum, Rhizctnia slani, Phytphthra capsici ³ x ³ w d (pairing plate culture) mw w., PDA(Ptat dextrse brth, agar 1.5%) ³ 3 mm disc j» w z ³ z w 28 C w ³ ³ d w. Siderphre w in viv Auxin siderphre ƒ» ³ in viv pt m w z w» w 121 C, 20 ³ xm ( : : n =2:1:1) m m» w w. F. xysprum s wš 1 (28 C, 70%) w jš»» ³ CFU/ml ³ 6 5ml w 28 C, 70% w w j» y w [13]. ³ w ù w pt w m m y w. Auxin, siderphre» ³ auxin siderphre ³ xk yw p xw z Bilg l(micrlg TM 4.0) 16s rdna mw Bergey's manual w w [7]., ³ siderphre auxin siderphre ³ siderphre w» w King's B(prtese peptne 2%, glycerl 1.5%, K 2 HPO %, MgSO 4 7H 2 O 0.15%), Alexander(glucse 0.2%, manitl 0.2%, NH 4 Cl 0.1%, NaCl 0.05%, KH 2 PO %. MgSO4 7H 2 O 0.05%, casamin acids 0.3%), SAM(sucrse 2%, L-asparagine 0.2%, K 2 HPO 4 0.1%, MgSO 4 7H 2 O 0.02%), SMM(succinic acid 0.4%, K 2 HPO %. KH 2 PO 4 0.3%. MgSO 4 7H 2 O 0.02%, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 0.1%) medium ³ 0.1% w š 5 z w spectrphtmeter w 600 nm Ÿ d w ³ w š siderphre CAS liquid assay[11] m w k ùkü.

3 96 JUNG et al. 생산에 온도와 ph가 미치는 영향 선발된 다기능 길항균주의 온도와 ph에 따른 siderphre 생산성 조사를 위하여 King's B 배지에 선발균주 전배양액 을 0.1% 되게 접종하고 이를 10 C, 20 C, 30 C, 40 C, 50 C 에서 각각 3일 배양한 후 온도변화에 따른 siderphre 생산능을 CAS liquid assay방법을 이용해 조사하였으며, ph 에 따른 선발균주의 siderphre생산능은 ph 3-pH 11까지로 적정 한 King's B 배지에 선발균주의 전배양액을 접종하고 3일 배양 후 역시 CAS liquid assay방법으로 siderphre 생 산성을 조사하였다. Siderphre 결과 및 고찰 Auxin 생산성 균주의 선발 경작지 토양으로부터 분리한 29균주들을 배양 후 상등액 에 Salkwski 시약과 1 : 2(v/v)로 반응시킨 후 분광광도계 를 이용하여 535 nm 파장에서 측정한 후 auxin 생산성을 나 타내는 14 균주를 1차 선발하였고, 그 중에서 옥신 생산성 이 가장 높은 AH18 균주를 최종 선발하였다(Table 1). 추후 녹두발근 biassay에서도 타 분리균주에 비해 AH18균주가 가장 큰 식물성장 촉진능을 보였다. 따라서 Salkwski test 와 biassay의 결과가 동일하게 비례하는 것을 알았다. AH18 시 분명한 오렌지 환을 생성하여 siderphre를 생산함을 확 인하였으며(Fig. 1), 좀더 정확한 assay를 위하여 King's B brth배지에서 키운 AH18균주의 상등액을 회수하여 CAS liquid assay시 AH18이 생산한 siderphre에 의해 철이온을 흡착하여 CAS liquid assay용액이 탈색됨을 확인할 수 있었 다. 또한 그 탈색율은 84.93%를 나태내어 옥신생산성 길항 균의 AH18균주가 고 siderphre 생산성 균주임을 다시 확 인할 수 있었다. Auxin 생산 균주의 생물학적 검정 선발된 AH18균주의 배양 상등액과 cntrl을 멸균 medium을 사용하여 녹두 발근 생검법을 3회 반복 실시하여 평균 발근수와 뿌리 길이를 biassay 측정한 결과 AH18균 주가 생산한 옥신에 의해 부정근의 생성이 멸균 medium만 첨가한 대조구와 비교하여 본 발근수와 길이가 약 1.5배 증 가되어 선발된 AH18균주는 매우 큰 식물 생장촉진능이 있 음을 확인하였다(Table 2). AH18 균주의 방제력 검증 선발된 AH18 균주의 식물병원성 진균에 대한 길항능조 사를 위해 발육저지대 측정법(pairing plate culture)을 실시 in vitr 균주의 Siderphre 활성도 측정 선발균주 AH18 균주는 CAS 배지상에 tthpicking접종 Table 1. Auxin-prducing micrrganisms selected by Salkwski test. Cntrl IAA AH1 AH2 AH7 AH8 AH15 AH16 AH17 AH18 Auxin activitya AH AH K K K K King's B brth a Auxin activity was estimated with absrbance at 535 nm by Salkwski test Cntrl : Treatment f water King's brth : Treatment f medium IAA : Indle-3-acetic acid (1 µg/ml) Fig. 1. Cnfirmatin f range hal zne n CAS medium by prductin f siderphre frm the strain AH 18. A: Negative cntrl (Bacterium nt prducing siderphre), B: Strain AH 18. Table 2. Effect f auxin prduced frm the strain AH18 with Mungbean adventitius rt inductin methd in viv assay. Rt length Rt Auxin (mm) number activitya Cntrl Test a Auxin activity was estimated with absrbance at 535 nm by Salkwski test Cntrl : Treatment f medium Test : Treatment f AH18 culture brth

4 Bacillus subtilis 한 결과 토마토 등 각종 작물의 시들음병균인 F. xysprum 에 대해 30.5%, 역병균인 P. capsici에 대해 48% 저해능, 근부병균인 R. slanin 에 대해35.5%의 병원균이 생육 저 해능을 나타내었다. 따라서 선발된 AH18균주는 식물 성장 AH18 PRODUCES AUXIN AND SIDEROPHORE 97 촉진 물질인 auxin과 주요 식물병원균의 생육을 길항하는 다기능 PGPR(식물 성장촉진 근권미생물)임을 확인할 수 있 었다. AH18 균주의 Siderphre 생산에 의한 방제력 검증 옥신생산성 길항균주인 AH18을 대상으로 토마토 시들음 병에 대한 식물방제실험을 실제 토양내에서 실시한 결과 in viv pt test에서도 충분히 시들음병에 대한 방제능을 나타 내었다(Fig. 2). 따라서 선발된 균주 AH18은 식물생장촉진 능은 물론이고 식물질병 방제력도 동시에 가지는 다기능 생 물방제균임을 다시 한번 확인할 수 있었다. Auxin 생산성 길항균주 AH18 균주의 동정 Auxin과 siderphre 생산성이 높게 나타나는 다기능 생 물방제균주 AH18을 동정을 위해 각종 생화학적 시험 후 Bilg사의 동정시스템 및 16s rdna 염기서열을 분석한 후 NCBI의 BLAST를 이용한 기존세균과 유사성을 비교분석한 결과, Bacillus subtilis에 98% 상동성을 나타내어 Bacillus subtilis AH18로 동정, 명명하였다(Fig. 3, 4). 배양시간, 배지조성, ph, 온도에 따른 sp. AH18의 siderphre 생산능 확인 선발된 다기능 PGPR 균주 B. subtilis AH18의 siderphre 생산성에 미치는 최적 배지조건을 검토한 결과 B. subtilis AH18는 Sucrse-asparagine-MgSO (SAM) medium(ph 6.0) 에 전배양액을 접종하여 30 C에서 3일간 진탕배양시에 siderphre 생산성이 최대임을 알 수 있었다(Fig. 5, 6, 7). in viv Bacillus 4 요 약 Fig. 2. In viv antifungal activity f Bacillus sp. AH18 n the grwth f tmat infected by F. xysprum. A: Treatment f F. xysprum and Bacillus sp. AH18, B: Treatment f nly F. xysprum ( Fusarium wilt by F. xysprum), C: Treatment f nly Bacillus sp. AH18. 식물생장 촉진 호르몬인 auxin을 생산하는 균주를 선발하 기 위해 경산지역 경작지 토양에서 29종의 세균을 분리하였 으며 Salkwsky test를 통해 auxin을 생산하는 14종을 선발 하였다. 이 중 CAS(chrme azurl S) blue agar에서 Fig. 3. Phylgenetic trees estimated frm Bilg system f the strain AH18.

5 98 JUNG et al. Fig. 4. Alignment f partial 16s rdna sequence f the strain AH18 with Bacillus subtilis. A: Partial 16s rdna sequence f the strain AH18 amplified with Primer 8F (5'AGT TGA TCC CTC AG)Gand 1492R (5'ACC TTG TTA CGA CTT), B: Partial 16s ribsmal DNA gene f Bacillus subtilis CICC frm blast result.

6 Bacillus subtilis AH18 PRODUCES AUXIN AND SIDEROPHORE 99 Fig. 5. Effect f varius mediums n the siderphre prductin f B. subtilis AH18. Fig. 7. Effect f ph n prductin f the siderphre frm B. subtilis AH18. Siderphre acitivity and cell grwth was determined with AH18 culture brth incubated fr 3day in King's B adjusted with varius ph. Siderhpre activity was measured with declrizatin rate by CAS liquid assay and cell grwth was estimated with absrbance at 500 nm. Bigreen 21 ( y:105649) w. REFERENCES Fig. 6. Effect f temperature n prductin f the siderphre frm B. subtilis AH18. Siderphre acitivity and cell grwth was determined with AH18 culture brth incubated fr 3day in King's B at varius temperature. Siderhpre activity was measured with declrizatin rate by CAS liquid assay and cell grwth was estimated with absrbance at 600 nm. siderphre y z auxin siderhre w AH18 w. AH18 mung-bean adventitius rt inductin test mw w 1.5 ù û š, m m pt test m m ³ F. xysprum w ¼w ùkü. AH18 ³ 16S rdna Bilg system mw Bacillus subtilis. B. subtilis AH18 Sucrse-asparagine-MgSO 4 (SAM) medium (ph 6.0) w 30 C 3 siderphre ƒ w. 1. Chi, D. W. and I. G. Kim Respectin f pectic enzyme amng the hydrlysis enzymes f plant cell wall. KOREAN¾J. Fd Nutrit. 9: Chun, J. O., Y. S. Hwang and J. C. Lee Effect f cell wall hydrlase and Ca++ hydrlysis f islated apple cell wall. J. Kr. Sc. Hrt. Sci. 13: Devender K. J. and G. David Characterizatin f a substance prduced by Azspirillum which causes branching f wheat rt hairs. Can. J. Micrbil. 31: Elad, Y. and R. Baker Influence f trace amunts f cautins and siderphre prducing Pseudmnads n chlamydspre germinatin f Fusarium xysprum. Phytpathlgy 75: Francine, M. P., B. G. Rlfe, M. F. Hynes and Charles H. H Gas chrmatgraphy-mass spectrmetry analysis f indleacetic acid and tryptphan fllwing aqueus chlrfrmate derivatisatin f Rhizbium exudates. Plant Physil. Bichem. 42: Hess, C. E The mungbean biassay fr the detectin f rt prmting substances. Plant Physil. (suppl.) 36: xxi. 7. Hlt, J. G, N. R. Krieg, P. H. Sneath, J. T. Staley and S. T. Williams Bergey's manual f determinative Bacterilgy. 9th., Williams and Wilkins, U.S.A Katiyar, V. and G. Reeta Imprved plant grwth frm seed bacterizatin using siderphre verprducing cld resistant mutant f Pseudmnas flurescens. J. Micrbil.

7 100 JUNG et al. Bitechnl. 14: Kwn, D. H., J. H. Che, H. K. Jeng, J. H. Im, G. J. Ju and S. D. Kim Selectin and identificatin f auxinprducing plant grwth prmting rhizbacteria having phytpathgenantagnistic activity. J. Kr. Sc. Appl. Bil. Chem. 47: Lee, I. K., C. J. Kim, S. D. Kim and I. D. Y Antifungal antibitic against fruit rt disease f red pepper frm Streptmyces parvullus. Kr. J. Appl. Micrbil. Bitechnl. 18: Lee, J. M., H. S. Lim, T. H. Chang and S. D. Kim Islatin f siderphre-prducing Pseudmnas flurescens GL7 and its bicntrl activity against rt-rt disease. Kr. J. Appl. Micrbil. Bitechnl. 27: Lenid, N. T., M. J. Lee, M. K. Lee, H. Park and J. H. Yn Prductin f Auxins and Auxin - like Cmpunds by Ginseng Grwth - prmting Bacterium Pseudmnas flurescens KGPP 207. Agric. Chem. Bitechnl. 43: Lim, H. S., J. M. Lee and S. D. Kim A plant grwth - prmting Pseudmnas flurescens GL20 - mechanism fr disease suppressin, uter membrane receptrs fr ferric siderphre and genetic imprvement fr increased bicntrl efficacy. J. Micrbil. Bitechnl. 12: Lim, S. U., T. G. Lee and D. M. Sa Islatin and physilgical characteristics f auxin-prducing sil bacteria. Krean J. Sil Sci. Fert. 28: Nakan, M. M. and P. Zuber Mlecular bilgy f antibitic prductin in Bacillus. Crit. Rev. Bitechnl. 10: Oh, Y. J., Cultural Cnditins fr the Imprvement in Gibberellic Acid Prductivity by a Mutant f Gibberella fujikuri ATCC Gibberella fujikuri G Kr. J. Appl. Micrbil. Bitechnl. 28: Ravikumar, S., K. Kathiresan, M. B. Selvam and S. Shanthy, Nitrgen-fixing aztbacters frm mangrve habitat and their utility as marine bifertilizers. J. Exp. Mar. Bil. Ecl. 312: Schwyn, B. and J. B. Neilands Universal chemical assay fr the detectin and determinatin f siderphres. Anal. Bichem. 160: Seng, K. Y Factrs influencing siderphre prductin by plant grwth prmting rhizpseudmnas strains. Kr. J. Sil Sci. Fert. 28: Shivanna, M. B., M. S. Meera and M. Hyakumachi Sterile fungi frm zysia grass rhizsphere as plant grwth prmters in spring wheat. Can. J. Micrbil. 40: Stsla, F. H. Surce bk n Gibberellin U. S. Dept. f Agr. Washingtn Takeru, T Enzymatic Determinatin f Itic Acid, a Bacillus subtilis Siderphre, and 2, 3-Dihydrxybenzic Acid. Appl. Envirn. Micrbil. 59: Waring, W. S. and C. H. Werkman Grwth f bacteria in an irn-free medium. Arch. Bichem. 1: Weinberg, E. D Irn and susceptibility t infectius disease. Science 184: (Received Feb. 18, 2006/Accepted June 12, 2006)

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