Air regulations on Lithium batteries 1. Background and Cases( 배경및사례 ) 2. Air transportation regulation( 항공운송시규제 ) 3. Air transportation pre-test( 항공운송

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1 Air regulations on Lithium batteries Choi Sung Eun Senior Technician Korea Conformity Laboratories

2 Air regulations on Lithium batteries 1. Background and Cases( 배경및사례 ) 2. Air transportation regulation( 항공운송시규제 ) 3. Air transportation pre-test( 항공운송시사전시험 ) 4. Air transportation dangerous goods package inspection ( 항공위험물포장용기검사 )

3 1. Background and Cases Accidental cases UPS airplane accident (Boeing AF) Date : September 3 rd, 2010 Location : Dubai International Airport Cologne Bonn Airport Details : Explosion during flight after 50 minutes from take-off All crews deceased. Note : Unreported lithium battery loaded at Dubai. Fire started during take-off. Cause : UAE Civil Aerial Organization announced the cause to be fire from Lithium ion battery.

4 1. Background and Cases Accidental cases Asiana airlines accident Date : July 28 th, 2011 Location : Inchon international airport Pudong International Airport Details : Received fire detection after 50 minutes from take-off. No contact after 1 hour from take-off. All crews deceased. Note : Includes lithium ion battery, paint, amino acid, 400 kg of synthetic resin. Cause : Physical evidence of fire was unidentified, but it started from or near the pallet containing dangerous goods. Fire spread too fast to suppress, partial fuselage disintegrated and the aircraft fell. <Source : Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport>

5 1. Background and Cases Risk of Li-ion ion battery Li-ion battery Highly reactive metals Explosion risk Due to melting point of approx. 180, possible melting after extinguished. Heat from spontaneous ignition of one battery may cause series of ignition of nearby batteries. Transportation through aircraft may cause serious safety issues. Must be verified prior to air transportation

2. Air Transportation Regulation Undeclared Dangerous Goods Example No.

Photo 1 Cargo (Export) 16.2.19 Asiana Incheon /Germany Kukdo Chemical Co.,LTD.

9 FedEx Incheon /Singapore Boram Co.,LTD.

6 2. Air Transportation Regulation Undeclared Dangerous Goods Example No. Classification Date Airline Departures / Arrivals Shipper Substance (UN Number) Location Photo 1 Cargo (Export) Asiana Incheon /Germany Kukdo Chemical Co.,LTD. Flammable liquids (UN1866) Germany (Leak solution) 2 Cargo (Export) FedEx Incheon /Singapore Boram Co.,LTD. Lithium Batteries (UN3480) Singapore 3 Cargo (Transshipment) Asiana Hong Kong /Incheon Shenzen E-City Lithium Batteries (UN3480) Korea <Source : Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport>

4 Asiana Incheon /Hong Kong Renault Samsung Wet Batteries (UN2794) Hong

24 Polar USA/Incheon Class Molding Lithium Batteries (UN3480) Korea 6

7 2. Air Transportation Regulation Undeclared Dangerous Goods Example No. Classification Date Airline Departures / Arrivals Shipper Substance (UN Number) Location Photo 4 Cargo (Export) Asiana Incheon /Hong Kong Renault Samsung Wet Batteries (UN2794) Hong Kong 5 Cargo (Import) Polar USA/Incheon Class Molding Lithium Batteries (UN3480) Korea 6 passenger Asiana Incheon /Vietnam Vietnam Nationality Lithium Batteries (UN3480) Korea 7 passenger Asiana Incheon /USA Korea Nationality Sodium hydroxide (UN1823) Korea <Source : Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport>

8 2. Air Transportation Regulation Air transportation regulation of lithium battery Announcement of lithium-ion battery s regulation(icao) Lithium battery Prohibition of lithium-ion battery that is transported outside of a device on passenger aircraft. According to UN 3480, PI 965, Section 1A and Section 1B, Lithium-ion cell and battery limited to 30 % SOC of rated capacity. <SOC : State Of Charge> (Recommended) Effective April 1, 2016

2. Air Transportation Regulation Related Organization International

위험물운송에관한규정 ) Technical Instruction TI( 기술지침 ) Domestic Regulation DGR

Transportation Regulation Aviation Act Dangerous Air Transportation

9 2. Air Transportation Regulation Related Organization International Regulation Recommendations on the Transport Dangerous Goods ( 위험물운송에관한규정 ) Technical Instruction TI( 기술지침 ) Domestic Regulation DGR ( 위험물운송규정 ) Adopt international regulation Dangerous Air Transportation Regulation Aviation Act Dangerous Air Transportation Regulation Tests conducted in accordance with MOLIT(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport) s

10 2. Air Transportation Regulation Domestic air transportation regulation of lithium battery Strengthening of MOLIT s safety control of aviation hazardous material Composition of private and public task force Team for safety control of aviation hazardous material (Kick off meeting. On March 25, 2016) Background : Necessity to strengthen safety control of aviation hazardous material regarding continuous shipping case exposure of undeclared hazardous material - Penalty effectiveness of violation of Aviation hazardous material s regulation - Subdivision of penal provision and increasing penalty charge

11 3. Pre-test for air transportation Pre-test for air transportation Performance test Marking for transportation

12 3. Pre-test for air transportation Section 38.3 of UN Manual of Test and Criteria mentions about testing of Lithium ion cell and batteries. Currently the Product complied with UN 38.3 can be transported by air. But, prototype or low productivity(less than 100 cell or batteries) exempted UN 38.3 test and transported with permission from ministry of land, infrastructure and transportation according to A88 exception. Department : Electric & Electronic Team Researcher : Mun Jong Geun, Senior researcher. 199, Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, Korea Tel

13 3. Pre-test for air transportation UN Manual of Test and Criteria s section 38.3 Test items Cell Small Batteries (Less than 12 kg, 6200 Wh ) Large Batteries (More than 12 kg, 6200 Wh) T.1 Altitude simulation T.2 Thermal T.3 Vibration T.4 Shock T.5 External Short Circuit T.6 Impact / Crush (Pouch cell is applied Crush Test) X X T.7 Overcharge X T.8 Forced overcharge X X Criteria No leaking, venting, rupture. No fire, No disassembly

14 3. Pre-test for air transportation T.1 Altitude simulation( 고도시험 ) u Purpose : Air shipping low pressure environment condition u Test detail : Cell, Battery stored in decompression chamber and then tested T.2 Thermal Test( 열충격시험 ) u Purpose : Through rapid change in temperature, internal electrical binding and property of cell and battery tested T.3 Vibration( 진동시험 ) u u Purpose : Simulate the vibration condition during transportation Test detail : 3 axes (X, Y, Z) direction, sine wave, 12 cycles T.4 Shock( 충격시험 ) u Purpose : Simulate the shock during transportation

15 3. Pre-test for air transportation T.5 External Short Circuit ( 외부단락시험 ) u Purpose : Simulate the short circuit during transportation T.6 Impact / Crush ( 충돌 / 압축 ) u Purpose : Simulate the impact during transportation T.7 Overcharge ( 과충전 ) u Purpose : Testing the capability of overcharge condition T.8 Forced Discharge ( 강제방전 ) u Purpose : Testing the capability of forced discharge condition

16 4. Air transportation dangerous goods pkg. inspection Procedure Applicant KCL

: Assigned ID to the specialized company in packaging with 2 people completed

construction, size, drop test, layer stack test, water resistance, spill

17 4. Air transportation dangerous goods pkg. inspection Inspection Procedure <Inspection Application> Registration Condition : Assigned ID to the specialized company in packaging with 2 people completed air transportation dangerous goods training Test item : Appearance, marking, construction, size, drop test, layer stack test, water resistance, spill resistance, Internal pressure, etc., Test duration : 24 h and 28 day Certificate label provided (refer to below image) < 시행 >

18 4. Air transportation dangerous goods pkg. inspection Packaging Performance test (Drop test) Purpose: Packaging drop test which is one of UN transportation test, test the PKG during transportation Test Condition - height : 1.2 m, no. of drops : 5 Times (one for each drop) - First drop : flat on the bottom Second drop : flat on the top Third drop : flat on the long side Fourth drop : flat on the short side Fifth drop : on the corner 주요사업분야 Criteria - No internal Content out of PKG box

19 4. Air transportation dangerous goods pkg. inspection Packaging Performance test (Stacking test) Purpose : Stacking test which is one of UN transportation test, test the PKG during transportation Criteria - No internal Content out of PKG box Packaging Performance test (Water Resistance) Purpose : Water resistance test which is one of UN transportation test, test the PKG during transportation Criteria - more than 155 g/m 2

20 4. Air transportation dangerous goods pkg. inspection Example of Lithium-ion ion battery PKG 주요사업분야 Best practice recommended by IATA

21 4. Air transportation dangerous goods pkg. inspection Example of Lithium-ion ion battery PKG

22 4. Examples Fibreboard box Fibreboard box - internal Fibreboard box Fibreboard box - internal

23 4. Examples Plywood box Plywood box - internal Fibreboard box Fibreboard box internal

24 4. Examples Plywood box Plywood box internal Fibreboard box Fibreboard box internal

25 5. Conclusion Transportation of Li-ion battery through aircraft may cause serious safety issues. Must be verified prior to air transportation. Lithium-ion cell and battery limited to 30 % SOC of rated capacity. (ICAO) Must be declared Dangerous Goods for safety. Safe air transportation can be completed if the regulation was observed well.

26 Thank you Korea Conformity Laboratories

29 < 별첨 > 항공위험물포장용기검사업무안내 담당부서 : 패키징기술센터담당연구원 : 최성은, 유병열, 박상미사업장주소및연락처 : 서울시금천구가산디지털 1 로 199 운송시험실 / 출장소주소및연락처 : 서울시강서구하늘길 210 한국공항공사 ( 김포공항청사 ) 호 /

30 1. 주요연혁 KCL 은항공으로운송되는항공위험물의안전성검사를전문적으로하는위험물포장용기검사기관으로써의역할을하고있다. 지정근거 주요연혁 지정증

31 2. 인프라 KCL 은항공으로운송되는항공위험물의안전성검사를전문적으로하는위험물포장용기검사기관으로써의역할을하고있다. 검사사무실 위치 : 서울시금천구가산디지털 1 로 199 운송시험실內 김포공항화물청사내사무실 위치 : 서울시강서구하늘길 210 한국공항공사 ( 김포공항청사 ) 호 장비 : 소형물낙하시험기외 8 대 상주인원 : 검사원 1 명씩교대근무 검사원인력 : 박상미선임기술원유병열선임시험원최성은선임시험원 임대면적 : m2임대기간 : 2016년 8월 22일 ~2017년 12월 31일 주요업무 : 항공위험물검사신규 / 기신청의 시험검사및검사증 / 검사필증발급 임대료 : 5,948,040원 / 년 ( 단, 2016년에는 2,456,210원 ) 주요업무 : 항공위험물기신청검사및검사증 / 검사필증발급

32 3. 업무내용 KCL 은항공으로운송되는항공위험물의안전성검사를전문적으로하는위험물포장용기검사기관으로써의역할을하고있다. 항공위험물관련기구 항공위험물운송절차도 검사의뢰업체 KCL Technical Instruction 포장업체는시험 / 검사완료후검사증및검사필증을받아항공사로바로가져가운송하므로업무절차가신속하게처리되고있음 국토교통부의항공위험물운송기술기준에따라시험을진행하고있음

33 4. 주요업체현황 KCL 은항공으로운송되는항공위험물의안전성검사를전문적으로하는위험물포장용기검사기관으로써의역할을하고있다. 의뢰업체리스트 (16 업체 ) ImDG 주식회사아이진수출포장세이프지엘에스 제이와이에스에어비즈니스디지월드넷서비스대국수출포장진성물류디지씨티세운지엘에스화산수출포장디지카고디지프렌드로지스틱스씨엔씨에어로지스헨켈테크놀러지스 ( 유 ) 디지알서비스주식회사 항공위험물포장전문업체 항공위험물포장전문업체분포도

34 Thank you 한국건설생활환경시험연구원

목차 원하시는 화물 포장 안내를 클릭하십시오. 일반 화물 포장 안내 3 컴퓨터 기기 화물 포장 9 자동차 및 기계 부품 포장 안내 및 설계 15 배터리 배송물 포장 23

화물 포장 안내 매일 보내는 일반 화물에 대한 포장 안내 또는 특별한 화물에 대한 구체적인 안내가 필요하다면, 본 종합 화물 포장 안내서를 통해 도움을 받을 수 있습니다. 원하시는 부분을 클릭 하신 후, 필요하신 내용을 인쇄하시기 바랍니다. 목차 원하시는 화물 포장 안내를 클릭하십시오. 일반 화물 포장 안내 3 컴퓨터 기기 화물 포장 9 자동차 및 기계 부품