ª Œª Œ 26ƒ 1D Á 2006 1œ pp. 1~11 ª qp md w An Analysis of the Traffic Noise Measurement Plans of Apartment Complexes A Case on the North Riverside Expressway in Seoul Á Kang, Jun MoÁLee, Sung Kyung Abstract This study conducts a theoretical research on road traffic noise. Also, the domestic road noise forecast models were compared each other and analyzed with advanced countries' models to indicate the application possibility and problems. For the establishment of a general formula, we compared the forecasted value with the actual value applied in the formula proposed by the National Environment Institute, and examined the necessary improvement of the domestic road traffic noise forecast model. Also, a regression model was built to examine the relationship between traffic factors and noise. The traffic volume and speed are the main traffic factors used in this formula to affect the noise. From the results, it was found that the speed had a closer relationship with the noise rather than the traffic volume. Therefore, to decrease road noise, it is more important to control traffic speed. The spatial effect of road traffic noise within the apartment complexes was used in the case study to derive locationspecific adjustment values. We surveyed the road traffic noise of three apartment complexes, and found that the road traffic noise within each complex was affected at plane level as well as at three-dimensionally. In other words, as the distance from the sound origin grows farther, noise level decreases. Also, it was found that noise increases as heigt goes up, but drops when the height goes beyond a certain level, and that the effect of noise decreases if there are obstacles along the path of the noise direction. Therefore, apartment site design should be done with consideration of the effects of noise in the future. Keywords : traffic noise, environment, apartment complex w m w r. š ü d Áw d xy w. w y w w de de w ü m d r. w w mw šw» w, w mw j w ƒ z mw ƒ mw w ƒ.» w mw š w ³ƒ wš. e w m ü œ e w wš w. qp m dw Áw m ü sá w eš yw., ƒ j»ƒ š, e j» ƒwƒ j» š, w w. ü e w w šw œ qw w w. w : m, y, qp 1. 1999l w¾ 4»e w w ùkû. ƒ»¾ 4 ü 75 y dw ùkù. d, ww»eƒ 45dB() 47dB(99,2000) 49dB(2001, 2002 ) y. p,, œ 4»e j. záyw œw œw (E-mail: junmo@hongik.ac.kr) yw w z (E-mail : sunny977@msn.com) 26ƒ 1D 2006 1œ 1
, 66~67dB»e 55dB š 12dBù û»e(65db) w 70~71dB ñ. ù ü»» 35dB(ü), 45dB() r. w» w 1938 œk ³Ø w, 1960 Ø, 1968 ³Ø w. w 1972 ³Ø w w ³ ƒwš, ù 1977 12 y Ø w ³w» w. š 1990 Á ³Ø w w wš. p, y w m w w m dx w ƒ wš ( üx, 2001;, 2002). ù md w w y wsƒù z»(y, 2001). š m,, m w ƒ ³ew w s,, sk, p,,, y, m mp, e, s,, ƒ k p,,,»p, t k tp w m d Áƒw dx w (Blunden, 1994;, 2002, 2003; y, 2000;, 2001). x, m dx x, ww, š y w (w œwz, 1995, 1999). x Johnson & Saunders wwz d, š ù y, ww w 1 q, š ù y, ww w 1 q,, FWHA. š y s, s š š. ù ù x¾ ƒ w. ü d w š sƒ d wš w, mw xd l sƒ w l Áw» w wš w. ùƒ k z m w ü œ d w, y ey z š y šw m z z m w hw ww. 2. md w š 2.1 w (Unwanted Sound)Ø 2 ew, Á³Ø2 w»,»,,»k w w w wš. w, w q» sƒ yw w (½, 2001). w w wš., œw xƒ. w, ƒ š, w k š, w m š ƒw š, w š, zz xw. w z y -w w w yw txw 1 1). 2.2 m p ww l w q m(road Traffic Noise) w mœw ƒ wù. w m mw» y ƒ ƒ. ù y w v ƒ w m»w œw» vw» w vw p. m w z q ƒ j ù m, y,»,, p, k w w ƒ. m x ƒ ƒ w» sƒƒ p š» w. m dw šw ƒw. j w š m. d, m,, q š. m ƒ w 1 š ³ew w p ƒ, p m k., m š w(stationary)w m m y m» w ql m w, m w Peake ww s³ ƒ mƒ ƒw m w p ƒš šd œk d w zx w û ù, šd ƒ ƒw x 1) Jeffrey D. Fisher, Paul A. Bell, Andrew Baum (1978). Environmental Psychology ª Œª Œ
: Jeffrey D. Fisher, Paul A. Bell, Andrew Baum(1978), Environmental Psychology 1. w ƒ ƒ d w w š (, 2003). 2.3 m d 2.3.1 w ( y ; üx, 2001) i) 10mü( ) N 1 L = 45 + log ----- + P l L eq ó 10Álog(10 Lp/10 +10 LB/10 ) [db(a)] N 1 : x m(/hr) N 2 : x m(/hr) l:ƒw ¾ m 10 m (m) V 1 : x s³ƒ(km/hr) V 2 : x s³ƒ(km/hr) ii) 10m( ) L eq ó 8.55Álog(Q V/l) + 36.3 14.1log r a +C [db(a)] Q : 1 ƒ m(/hr) = x(/hr) + [10 x (/hr)] V :s³(km/hr) 30log N 2 L = 53 + log ----- + B l 30log V 1 ----- 50 V 2 ----- 50 l :ƒw ¾ +» 10m¾ (m) r a : (» 10m w 10m d¾ ) C : 15,000 < Q, C = -5.5 10,000 < Q 15,000, C = -4 5,000 < Q 10,000, C = -2.5 2,000 < Q 5,000, C = -1 Q 2,000, C = 0 d skwš ƒ x qp d š, šƒ š šƒ û ew, (šƒ, ), mœ(m, m) šw w, w y e w s³. 2.3.2. w d (, 1996; šw, 1994) a. 1) : (sk, m, m, šƒ) ƒ w 2) m: L Aeq d pw w., L Aeq L 50 w m 500/ 3) w: 60km/h~120km/h 4) d: s 80m, 12m¾ 5)»: t p xw» ƒ k b. 1) Unit pattern 1 ƒ ww, d w Ap y(unit pattern) w. w wš, ƒƒ d w q 26ƒ 1D 2006 1œ 3
w. ƒ d w q»wy w zz, tz qww w q wš, A p ƒe ƒw w (A),»w ww x w Ap w (B) 2. Unit pattern, w q y w xd, 1985 z w l m w w w z rp w. 2) L Aeq Unit pattern e w, w ü mw N( m) wš, d s³w w ƒ L Aeq w. + () 10 L Aeq = 10log 10 (1/T 0 ) 10 LA t dt + 10log 10 N - 10log 10 3600 (1) T 0 = 1s (» 1) Unit pattern w q y w w. + - 10 LA () t T2 10 10 LA () t 10 = T1 T1, T2 : (s) ÿt : (s) ÿt (2) 3) L 50 L Aeq w L 50 w. L 50 =L Aeq + f(l/d) (3) f(l/d) : L Aeq L 50 yw y l : d¾ (m) d : s³ (m) 2.4.3 (FHWA) ww w t ww w FHWA š NCHRP 78/117/114/174 TSC-MOD FHWA (1978.12). p m,,, e, t k, s(,, ) w w d wš, m 3(, x p, xp) ù. 2 4 i w 9w 4.5ton w xp w, xp 2 6 i w y 4.5ton 12ton š, xp 3 12ton w. L eq L 10 ww m ƒ(l eq ) L 10 w. m w 4 0(m), xp 0.7(m), xp 2.4(m) xy w. w, w š w 2¼ 3dB wš 4.5dB w. I ---- = λ 10 L 0 L0 10 ( D 0 D) r + 2 10 ε 10», L 0 : D 0 D : ¾ λ :, λ =N/(X2 X1) = Q/V; Q : m/ V : (km/ ) ε : w r : l w D 0 : =(P 2 ref)/ρc 2.3.4 w, üá d d w m w e,, m,, p ƒ mw d l w. p, 1l q šw d w pw. y d skw š ƒ ƒ x (šƒ,, m, m) šw w, w y e w ƒ s³. 3. w x 2 dx ------------------------------- x 1 x 2 r + 2 1 + --- D 3.1 ( 2) ( ~ ) 10œ(A~J) w. d m l»ƒ mw mw dw œ. d y ww» d w. (1) de de Á mw y d rš, p w mw j w ƒ z mw qw. 3.2 de de d y w ƒš de w. t 1 deƒ de w û, y w eù š m w k. ª Œª Œ
N 1 L = 45 + log ----- + P l 30log N 2 L = 53 + log ----- + B l L eq 10 30log V 1 ----- 50 V 2 ----- 50 ( ) log 10 ( Lp) 10 10 LB 10 + [db(a)] t 1. d de de d d mw de de A 00:00~00:05 392 52.8 58.7 60.1 A' 08:00~08:05 714 44.6 53.5 54.4 B 00:00~00:05 568 73.5 74.9 75.1 B' 08:00~08:05 1029 68.5 85.5 84.4 C 00:00~00:05 519 86.1 73.4 76.5 C' 08:00~08:05 934 52.0 55.6 59.6 D 00:00~00:05 562 74.5 74.7 77.0 D' 08:00~08:05 907 45.1 53.7 58.7 E 00:00~00:05 539 78.4 74.0 78.8 E' 08:00~08:05 988 45.4 53.9 56.6 F 00:00~00:05 604 82.1 75.9 74.1 F' 08:00~08:05 900 47.1 54.4 59.3 G 00:00~00:05 497 56.5 59.3 62.2 G' 08:00~08:05 1209 71.9 87.5 89.5 H 00:00~00:05 460 71.6 60.0 65.4 H' 08:00~08:05 986 53.9 84.9 87.9 I 00:00~00:05 508 80.7 61.9 66.5 I' 08:00~08:05 826 61.1 58.3 63.2 J 00:00~00:05 579 78.7 72.0 76.4 J' 08:00~08:05 1117 57.3 85.3 88.3 3.3 z d de de Á d mw š x 2. d t 3. ty ty 26ƒ 1D 2006 1œ 5 ƒ vw. w,» š mw w ƒ r» w de mw š s³ ƒš z w. mw s³ w» w z. t 2 r, mw s³ Pearson mw w, s³ m ƒ., d w mw s ³ƒ w ƒ š. z R 2 0.642 x š w, y F 0.000 95% m w ùkû. Pearson y (w) N t 2. mw s³ 1.000.295.540 mw.295 1.000 -.439 s³.540 -.439 1.000..103.007 mw.103..026 s³.007.026. 20 20 20 mw 20 20 20 s³ 20 20 20 t 3 z» ty, w e s³ƒ.829 mw.659 s³ƒ. œ m r, ƒ œ ƒ. y B w 95% œ m t B t k ww w œ w VIF 1 () 4.537 12.109.375.713-21.012 30.085 mw 3.040E-02.007.659 4.080.001.015.046.807 1.239 s³.680.133.829 5.132.000.401.960.807 1.239 a :
4. e w 4.1 ( 3) w Lqp, Mqp š Sqp w, 3 qp œm ƒš. Lqp 14~25d, 2d vp pw e w «y w, w w l p. e qp p. Mq p x 5d qp w x ûw x e kwš, ƒ ew 1~2d ƒ wš. 2001 x ƒ d œqp qp šdqp, w qp. Sqp 16~18d. Lqp w w «ù, ü pw ƒ w qp w qp ww. 3. e(lqp, Mqp, Sqp) 4.2 ü 4.2.1 d d 2003 10 31l 2003 11 3¾ 1 Lqp Mqp w dw, 2003 11 17 l 2003 11 19¾ Sqp Lqp w 2 dw(t 4 ). 4.2.2 d»»» CR:812A Cirrus Type 2 Ÿ(Broad band)». CR:812A» ƒ(leq) 5 d e w, 1 252,000 1 ƒ. z Ap, p fast dw. 6 1 d 2 d t 4. d d e d Lqp 1d 2003.10.31 8:00~12:00 23:00~24:00 Lqp d 2003.10.31 13:00~15:00 22:00~23:00 Mqp 1d 2003.10.31 15:00~21:00 - Mqp d 2003.10.31 15:00~21:00 - Lqp 1d 2003.11.01 14:00~17:00 23:00~24:00 Lqp d 2003.11.01 18:00~21:00 22:00~23:00 Mqp 1d 2003.11.02 10:00~18:00 22:00~24:00 Mqp d 2003.11.02 10:00~18:00 22:00~24:00 Mqp 1d 2003.11.03-22:00~24:00 Mqp d 2003.11.03-22:00~24:00 Sqp 1d 2003.11.17 08:00~14:00 23:00~24:00 Sqp d 2003.11.17 15:00~17:00 22:00~23:00 Sqp 1d 2003.11.18 11:00~16:00 23:00~24:00 Sqp d 2003.11.18 16:00~20:00 22:00~23:00 Lqp d 2003.11.19 16:00~20:00 22:00~24:00 4.2.3 d m d w v» 5 ü w 1,2 4z, 2z dw. d w yw w ƒ wš w d w w w. Lqp ( 4), qp 1d d (1~18) d(5, 10, 15, 20, 25d) d(l1~l9) w, l w m dw. e, qp ƒ¾ e w k. qp ƒ ƒ¾ p. d d ü ww l y ƒ dw. w 1 d qp zw d L1~L9 w dw wš L2, L5, L7 dwš, 2 d ù L1, L3, L4, L6, L8, L9 dw ƒ ù. Mqp ( 5), qp 1d d (1~28) d(3, 5d) d(h1~h28) w, l w m dw. e š, œ. w qp qp, 20m k. d d ƒ zw d ƒ w. w œ ü» ww ƒ dw. ª Œª Œ
Sqp ( 6) qp 1d d (1~17) d(16~18d) w, l w m dw. e š, qp ƒ¾. w qp ww qp xk d d dw. m w e 2ƒ mw m l» ƒ dw wš, x w de ƒƒ s³ (t 5 ). 4.3 d 4.3.1 L qp ü d d l : A( l 30m e): 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 15 t 5. mw, de (08:00~08:05) (00:00~00:05) mw 1209() 497() 71.9(km/h) 56.5(km/h) de 87.5dB(A) 59.3dB(A) B( l 80m e): 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 C( l 130m e): 9, 13, 17 D( l 180m e): 10, 14, 18 1d ƒ Á w. l ƒ w z. w( 7, 8 ). A( l 30m e): L1, L2, L3, L4 6. Sqp d 4. Lqp d 7. Lqp d ( ) 5. Mqp d 8. Lqp d ( ) 26ƒ 1D 2006 1œ 7
B( l 80m e): L5, L6 C( l 130m e): L7, L8 D( l 180m e): L9 5d ƒ ƒw w. pw 1d 5~10dB(A) j d. 1 w j»ƒ 5d e w w. w( 9, 10 ). wr, 10 d, 15d, 20d, 25d ƒ ƒ w(abcd) wš, 25d wš dš w ùkþ. w. Lqp d w, ƒ û ùkþ. 1d ƒ ƒ û 5d~20d¾ w j» ùkþš, 25 d 2dB(A) û ùkþ. w 20d ¾ w e 25d š. w mw ƒ û w ùkþš, 1d (7, 11, 15) d (L3, L4) ƒ 1d(1, 3, 5) d(l1, L2) 2dB(A) d, ƒ w ü ƒ» ƒ j»ƒ ƒw. 4.3.2 Mqp ü dw d l : A( l 30m e): 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25 B( l 90m e): 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26 C( l 180m e): 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27 D( l 2400m e): 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 1d ƒ ƒw (AB CD) w. w ùkþ. w, Dd ƒ 3~5dB(A), x ù mw». Lqp w, Lqp w 1d ƒ û ùš w, Mqp 9. Lqp d ( ) 11. Mqp d ( ) 10. Lqp d ( ) 8 12. Mqp d ( ) ª Œª Œ
e d w d. ƒ qp ew»., ƒ z wš š ( 11, 12). 3d ƒ ƒw(ab CD) w. 3d d D w j. w ƒ¾ d Á ƒ, d Á ƒ j ( 13, 14 ). wr, 5d ƒ ƒw wš, d D ƒ w ùkû. Mqp d w, ƒ û. pw ƒ ƒ dd ƒ ƒ¾ d j. w w.» dw wwš dw, p w» w e». d w w w j š. ü ƒ û. 1d ƒ ƒ û 3d, 5d. w j, ƒ ùkû. p, ƒ ûƒ ƒ¾ ƒw, ƒ¾ û. d (6, 7, 8, 14, 15, 16, 22, 23, 24) r w û d. 4.3.3 Sqpü dw d l : A( l 30m e): 1, 4, 8, 11, 15 B( l 70m e): 2, 5, 9, 12, 16 C( l 110m e): 3, 6, 10, 13, 17 D( l 150m e): 7, 14 1d ƒ ƒw(ab CD) w. w( 15, 16 ). A( l 30m e): S1, S2 B( l 80m e): S3, S4 13. Mqp d ( ) 15. Sqp d ( ) 14. Mqp d ( ) 16. Sqp d ( ) 26ƒ 1D 2006 1œ 9
C( l 130m e): S5, S6 16d ƒ ƒw(ab C) w. 1d w 10dB(A) d. Lqp Mqp ƒ e ƒ j. w( 17, 18 ). Sqp r, ƒ û. 1d 16d s³ 10dB(A) ƒ ù. Sqp p L qp Mqp š. w dw 1d w ùkû. l ƒ ƒà» zƒ. w. 4.3.4 w, m e dw l ƒ ƒ j w ƒš qw., ƒ. ƒ û ùkþš, w w ƒ. Mqp d qw. pw d w 17. Sqp d ( ) 18. Sqp d ( ) 10. m mw w q. mw x š, mw w ƒ ƒw w ùkü. w, Lqp e qp ƒ w j z w š, Mqp 30m w Lqp ƒ 2dB(A) û. Sqp š, Lqp ƒ qpƒ w z û. w ù y» š y» ( (06:00~22:00): 65dB(A), (22:00~06:00): 55dB(A)) w wš ùkû. 5. w m w r. š ü d Áw d xy wš, w y w w de d e w ü m d r. w w mw šw» w, w mw j w ƒ z mw ƒ mw w ƒ.» w mw š w ³ƒ wš. e w m qpü œ e w wš w. w s ew w Lqp Mqp š S qp œ w. qp m dw Áw m ü sá w eš yw., ƒ j»ƒ š, e j» ƒwƒ j» š, w w. ü e w œ qw w y ey z š y š w m z z m w. w md w ƒ kw de de Áw» yw» w w w ƒ vw. w w mw w z e ª Œª Œ
mw ƒw, wì šw ƒ vw. w dw wš ƒw.» ww d w, ƒ w w w dw ƒw. p ƒ¾ d w w j yw. yw w w y ³w vw. 2003 yw w w. šx m(2001) œk d» š 463y. šw (1994) m d. ½ 5(2001) Á. 1(2002) mœw. (2003) m. Blunden 3(1994) m z. y(2000) mœw, y. (1996) m d w w., 2002(2003) m. (2001) y ey œ w m, m 31«. üx 2(2001) y wsƒ md w, y wsƒ 10«. (2002) GIS w md œ, w, œw. w œwz(1995) Ár. w œwz(1997) m. w œwz(1999) m q d». y (2001) Áy Á» z(2002~2010). FHWA (1978) NCHRP 78/117/114/174. JeffreyS D. FU, Paul A. Bell, and AndrewS BU (1978) Environmental Psychology. National Resoruces Planning Board (1941) Land Classification in the United States. Washington : Ted States Government Printing Office p. 3. (: 2004.12.14/: 2004.12.28/: 2004.12.28) 26ƒ 1D 2006 1œ 11