97-11 1997
: ( ) : ( ) ( ) : ( ) ( )
1 1 1. 1 1) 1 2) 2 2. 8 1) 9 2) (1926.10-1945.8) 14 3) (1945.8-1950.6) 19 4) (1950.6-1953.7) 23 5) (1953.7-1961.9) 28 6) (1961.10-1967.7) 34 7) 1 (1967.8-1973.4) 48 8) (1973.4-1982.3) 64 9) (1982.3-1992.5) 65 10) 2 (1992.2-1994.7) 69 11) (1994.7- ) 86 2 102 1. 102 2. 104 1) 104 2) 104 3) 107 3. 113 1) 113 2) 115 - i -
4. 116 1) 116 2) 118 3 120 1. 120 1) 120 2) 126 3) 130 4) 145 5) 147 2. 149 1) 149 2) 150 3) 152 4) 153 5) 155 6) 156 3. 158 1) 158 2) 159 3) 162 4) 163 5) 164 6) 164 4. 165 5. 167 1) 167 2) 168 3) 169 - ii -
4 171 1. 171 2. 173 1) 173 2) 179 3. 187 1) 187 2) 189 5 193 1. 193 1) 193 2) 198 2. : 204 1) ( ) 204 2) 205 3) 206 4) ( ) 207 5) 207 210 A BS TRACT 212 214 1. (1947.3-1998) 215 2. < > 345 3. 371 4. (1946-1995 ) 374 - iii -
< 1-1> 14 < 1-2> < > 94 < I-3> 96 < 2-1> 102 < 2-2> 111 < 3-1> 148 < 3-2> 149 < 3-3> 151 < 3-4> (, ) 157 < 4-1> 175 < 4-2> 177 < 4-3> 183 < 5-1> 199 < 2-1> 105 < 2-2> 106 < 2-3> 108 < 2-4> 109 < 2-5> 125 < 2-1> 117 - iv -
< 2-2> 119,.,.,,.,,..,.,,.,.,.,,, 90 2 < >( 42 ). 2 :,. - v -
1) :.... 2) :. (1926-1961 ), (1961-1992 ), (1992 - ). 2. : (1926 10-1945 8 ), (1945 8-1950 6 ), (1950 6-1953 7 ), (1953 7-1961 9 ). < >.,. < >.. (1946 ), (1946 ), (1947 ). < >. - vi -
,. < >.,. : (1961 10-1967 7 ), 1 (1967 8-1973 4 ), (1973 4-1982 3 ), (1982 3-1992 5 )... < >.. 1964,. < 1 >,,. < > 1973,, 3, 1. < >,,. : 2 (1992 5-1994 7 ), (1994 7 - ). < 2 > 2 - vii -
6. < >. < > 2,. 3 :,,,. 1) :. (1947 ), (1950 ),,, (1952 ), (1977 ). 2) :,,.,.,, 5.18,. 3) :.,.. 4) :,. - viii -
,. 4:,,,,. 1) : 7 -,,,,,, -,.,. 7 -, 4.25,,,,, -. 2) :....,..,,. 3) :,,. - ix -
4) :. 1 5. 5) :,,. < >, < >.. 4, 30.8% TV 47.2%. 5 :,,,. 1) :,,,. 2) : 1973. 1. 3) :. 4) :.,,,,. 6.., ( ) - x -
,,,.,.,.,.,,,,.. - xi -
1 1. 1). 1920 9. 1922. < > 1923, 1925 < >.... 1). ( ),. 2). 1970 1) :.,.. 2),, :, 1987. ;,, :, 1995, 85. - 1 -
< > < > 1973 < > < >. 3).,. 4),.,,. 5). 1 < >, < >, < >. 2) (1) (< >), 3 < > 3)., (1977. 11. 30), 32, 516 ;,, 85. 4) ( ).. 5),,, 1995, 27. [ ] - 2 -
. 6) 1960 11 27..,.. 7) 12 (, 1981)... 1966 2 4. 8).. 6),,, :, 1994, 192. [ ] 7) (1986), 43. 8) (1987), 29. - 3 -
1960,. 1988 12 8 12. 9) 1949 4 10, 1964., 507 2,870... 10) (2).,. 1988 9) (1989 ). 10), ( ), 72-73. - 4 -
. 1 12 2 15. 1,640 8,940. 11) 1942 2 16 1960 9 1964.. 1967 5 4 15., (, ),... 1969. 12). 1960.. ( ; ) ( ; ).. 13) < >, < 11) (1989) 12) 2, 244-246 ;, 290. - 5 -
>, < >, < >. < >. < >.... 1962 8 20 10 4,.., (1996 1 ) 1956 1 28. 1959 1 2.. < >... 60. 13), ( ), 57. - 6 -
< >, < >, < >... 14) (, ),. 8.. 1 (, 1992)...... ( ) 15) 1989. (,, ) < > 1 < > 2 < >, < >3 4 5 (< >), < >( 13 ), < >, < > 3 < >(, ), < > ( ), < >, < >, < 14), ( ), 69. 15),, 179. - 7 -
>, < >, < >, < > 1 (, ), < >, < >, < >, < >, < 2 > 1 2, < > 21. 16) 2.. 1960,,.,..., 60.,,,,,,,,. 16) (1990), :, 1991 10 20. - 8 -
.,..,,, 90,,., 90 -,,,, -.,,, 90 21. 1) - 9 -
..,,..,.. (, ) 17).,...... 17), -, 1996, 762. - 10 -
1973 4,..,,,,...,...,.,... 1972-11 -
, 1991., (, 1981),,. 18), 1945 1950 6, 1950 6 1953 7, 1958, 1959 1966, 1967 ( < > 1975 ) 5. (,,, 1986 ) (1945. 8-1950. 6), (1950. 6-1953. 7), 1953 7 1960, (1961 ) 4, 4 (1961-1966), 1966, 1973, 1986 4. 18).,,., ( :, 1966),,, 4( :, 1978),, ( :, 1979), ( :, 1985) (,1986.8).,., ( 88 ),,,( :, 1992),,, ( :, 1989),,, 1993.,. (, 1989),, 40 ( 89.2). - 12 -
,. 19)....,.,.,.,.. 20). 1970,, 1994 7. (1926 10-1945 8 ), (1945 8-1950 6 ), (1950 6-1953 7 ), (1953 7-1961 9 ). (1961 19) ( ),.,. 20),,, 68-69. - 13 -
10-1967 6 ) 1 (1967 7-1973 4 ) (1973 4-1982 3 ) (1982 3-1992 5 ). 2 (1992 5-1994 7 ) (1994 7 - ).. < 1-1> 1926.10-1945.8 1945.8-1950.6 (1926-1961) 1950.6-1953.7 1953.7-1961.9. 1961.10-1967.7 1 1967.8-1973.4 (1961-1992.5) 1973.4-1982.3 1982.3-1992.5 2 2 1992.5-1994.7 (1992.5- ) 1994.7-2) (1926.10-194 5.8) -.,,,,,,,. 2 1). 21), ( :, 1989) 42-53. - 14 -
,. 22). 23),,,.. (,. 70 ). 24),.,,. 22) 1, 208. 23),,. 24),. - 15 -
,,.,.,,,... 25),.,,,,,.,.,,, < > < >, < >,. 26) 25) ( :, 1991),.,. 26). < > < >,< > - 16 -
,... 27) 3.1 1939 3...,,,. 28),.,,,,,,,. < >... < > < >, <3 1 >, < >, < >, < >, < >, <8 > < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >....,. 69. 27), 2, 128-129. 28), 100 ( :, 1993) 168. - 17 -
.. < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > < >, < >, < >, < >, < > < >, < >, < >, < >, < > < >, <13 >, < >, < >. 29).. < >.,. < >,. < >. 30) 1960 70. 29),, 922-942. 30),,, 1969.9.27. - 18 -
3) (1945.8-1950.6) -,.,. 3 1). 32), 20. 1946 5 24,,,,, 31),. 32),, 6. - 19 -
33). 1947 3 29. 1948 20.,. 1946 3 25. 1946 5, ( 43 ),.,. 1946 3 25 1), 2), 3),,,, 4),,, 5), 6). 34),. 1947 2 6 178. 35) 33),, 1, 324,,. 34),, 190-200. 35). ( :,1991), 311. - 20 -
,. 1946 5 24,,,,,.,,,,. 36) 1946 11 3,,. 37),. 38),. - i). 20 (1946.3.23) (1946.10) (1946.3.23) 36), 91. 37),1946 11 11,,. 38) 1950,,. - 21 -
(1947.3.28) (1947.4.30) (1947.9.16) 1960 70. < >< >,. 1. (1946.3) (1946.1) (1946.8) (1947.2.6) (1948.6. 4 ). ii).. 1946. 1 ( ) 1946.10 1946.11. - 22 -
( ) : 10 1947. 1949.7.18 21 :,, iii) < >.. < >, < >(1946), < >(1947), < > < ( )>, <38 >, < >, < >(1948), < > < >(1949), < >(1949.4) 123, 78 4) (1950.6-1953.7) - - 23 -
-.,,. 1950 6 26, 1950 12,, 1951,, 12..,..,. 39),.. 40) 39) 6, 224-225,,. 40)....... < >., - 24 -
,. 1951 12,.. 4 1),,. 3 1951 3, 1952 12 15 5,. 42),. 1952 2 5, 1952 8,, 240-241. 41), 235-296. 25. 1976 11-12, 3-8. 42), 1953,,.,, 18-19. - 25 -
.,.. 43),. i).. (195 1.6.20) 44) (195 1.6.30). 32 (1950.12), (195 1.3) 43),. 44) - 26 -
, (1951.3), (195 1.6) (52.11),, (1952.5) - 5. ii),.,., 1950 8 29,,,., 1951 100% 1952 156%, 1952 140%., 1951, 1951 1952 6., 1951-27 -
. iii) < >(1951.6.20), < > (1952.1.15). < > < > 8. < >(1952.9.15). < >(1951) < > 8. 5) (1953.7-196 1.9) - 45), 45).,..,.. ( 15, 54 ). - 28 -
. 46) 1953 8 5 6 1955 12 28 1958 1 17... ( 4, 296 297 )..,...,..,.....,,... 46),. - 29 -
.. (1953.8.5) (1955.12.28) ( 3 ) (1956.12.25) (1958.1.17), (1958.10.14) (1959.7.1) (1960.11.27) (1960.2.18 ) (1961.3.4 ) (1961.3.7).,.,, 47),, 47) 10, 301. - 30 -
48) 5,,. 49),....., 50),.,. 1953 9 48) 8, 37-38,, 303. 49) 11 (1956),,,,.. 50) 10, 457-458,,. - 31 -
.,,... i) 6 (1953.8). (1953.9),,,. 1954,. 1955. 1956 3 1. 1956 4 2 3.. 1957. - 32 -
,. < >, (1957.10.5),, (1958.1.17) 1958 1958 2. ii).,,, (1956.1.18), (1956.12.25). 1960 11 27, (1961.3). (1961.1.12), ( ), 3 1. 3 1. iii) - 33 -
1959 190%, 191%, 120%. 1956 9, 1959, 1960,. < >, < >, < >. 6) (196 1.10-1967.7) - (1) - 1960 1960. 1960 11 27.,,. 5 1) 1964 11 8,.. 51),. - 34 -
.,. 4 (1961 9 11 ). 1964 11 7. 52) 1), 2), 3),. 1966 2 4,,.. 53).,.,, 4 12, 20!,. 54) 52),, 27-34. 53), 20, ( :, 1982).,. 351-361. 54),. - 35 -
,. 1966 2 4....... 1), 2), 3), 4), 5),,.,. 1966 4 30.. 55). 1966 10 16 9 56). 55), 20 ( :, 1982),., 364-367. 56),,, 364-367 - 36 -
,. 1965 12 16... 57).,. 9.,,.,, 58).,. 1966 4 30,,. 59). 1970. 57),, 348-351. 58),. 59),. - 37 -
,,,,, -, 60).,.. 1970 1973 5 7 1980 10 6 61) 60 60), ( :,1970), 2. -. 61), ( :,1993) 78-81. 1980 10 6,.. - 38 -
62) 1970 4 20 11 5. 63) 1964 1974 2 5 8 1980 6,,.. 1974 2 19 2.19 62), (1961.11) (1962.1). 1974 2 5,,,., Modern Korea and Kim Jong Il", ( :,1988). 63), ( :, 1992) 113-116., 5... - 39 -
.,.,...,,...,,,. 64) 2.19. 65) (1974 4 2 ), (1976 10 2 ) (1982 3 31 ).,, 64),,. 65), < >, (1988:, ). - 40 -
.,. 66) 70.,...,, 3 70 3. 67).,,.,,.,,,.,.,,.,. 66),. 202-203. 67),. 78-81. - 41 -
,. 68) 1973 3,, 3,. 3,...,. 69),. 70). 68),,, 1973 3 14, 26. 69),. 138-172. 70) 1973, 200 1500 8 47-42 -
,. 7 1),. 72) 3. 1974. 1975 4.,,,,,,,. 1989 3, (,, 1988). 71),. 172. 1964 12 8,. 72). -? -( )...,.. 1987 11,,.. - 43 -
. 1975,,,. ( ). 73) 60 1970 3. 1980 10 6,,. 6. 80, [. ] (1982 10 17 ), (1986 7 15 ), (1987 10 10 ), (1987 9 25 ), (1990 10 3 ), (1991 5 5 ), (1992 1 3 ), (1992 10 10 ) 80-90. 1986 5 31 73), 78-79. - 44 -
40. 74) 1990 5 9 1, 1.. 91 12 6 19. 1993 4 9 9 5 2,, 3. 75) - 1969 2 19. 2 8. 74),...., 80. 75),,.,,. [ ] 1993 4 10. - 45 -
...... (, 76) ) (2) (1961.10-1967.6) -. 1964 12 8,. (1964.1.8) (1964.11.7) 76), 748-749.. - 46 -
(1964.12.8)( ) (1968.11.1) (1965.12.16) (1964.6.12) (1964.12.10) (1966.2.26) (1966.12.27) (1967.6.30) 1964 6 12 2.8. 2 8. 2 8...,. 2 8. 2 8. (,, 2.8-47 -
) 77) 2 8,,. 2 8..... 2 8...... 2 8..,. (,, 2.8 ) 78) 7) 1 (1967.8-1973.4) 1960 1970. 1970 77), (1996; ) 745. 78), 748. - 48 -
. 79).,,,,. < >(10 ),.. 80) ( ).,. 2 < >..,.... 1960, 1970 81). < >. 1969 < >. 82) 79) 1992 8 7. 80),. 81),,. 82) 124-49 -
< >.. < >, < >, < >.. 83) 1973 4 11 84).,,,. < > 85)....,,, 180.,, 152-159. 83), 158. 84) 8 47.,, < >1989 3. 85), 17,, ( :,1988) 9. - 50 -
. 86), < > < >. 87),. 1971 7 17 < >. < > < >. 1), 2), 3), 4). 88) < >. 89) 1986 1 1,000 < >(1971), < >(1972), < >(1972), < >(1973) 5. 90) < >, < > 86),, 5. 87),. 18-23. 88).,.1 ( :,1989) 237-260. 89), 163-172. 47 2,400 2,700. 39 1 164.. 90),,, ( :,1990) 91-271.,, < >1985 2,, < >, 1985 11. - 51 -
.,.,. < >, < >,. 9 1) < > 1), 2), 1), 2), 3) < >. 92) 5 < >, < >, < >, <3 1 >, < >. 93),. < >.,. 94) 91),. 92),. 93) 5,,,,,..,. 94),,,, 352-405,,, 3 20-52 -
95) < >(1 ~10 ). 96) < >(6.25 ), < >(1981), < >(1983), < >(1983) 30-40 2 2.( 1987 2 6 ). 95).. : ( ) 1926, ( ) 1926 1928, ( ) 1929 1930 6, ( ) 1930, ( ) 1931 12 1932 4 25, 1932 ( ) 1932 1933, ( ) 1933 1934, ( ) 1934 1936, (, ) 1936 3 1936 5, ( ) 1936 8 1937 6, ( ) 1937 7 7 100, ( ) 1937 1938, ( ) 1938 1939 3, ( ) 1939 5, ( ) 1939 9 1940 3... (1992: ). 96) 1982 4 13,,. - 53 -
. 97). 98) 1986.,,. 1982 11 15.... 99) 4.15.. 1... < 97),, ( :,1989).. 98),. 99) < >1988 11. - 54 -
>......... < > < >.. - 55 -
. 100)... < >. < > 2. < >.. 100)....... (, 1, ), (,, ), (, ), (, ), (, ), (, ), (, ) (, ), ( ), (, ),.,,,,,,,.. - 56 -
..... < >.. 1.. 10 1) 101).... - 57 -
... 2-3.... < > < >........, 771. - 58 -
,,,,, 2 8...,,,.....,,,. - 59 -
,..,.,.. 1930.............. - 60 -
...,.............,.... - 61 -
..........,,,,..,..... - 62 -
,., : 4 15.,. :...,. :.,..., 5. :.. < > - 63 -
. 8) (1973.4-1982.3) -,.,.,,.,.,,.. (1974.2.19) (1974.10.1) (1974.11.6) (1975.10.5) (1975.10.22) (1978.3.1) (1981.3.31.) (1982.3.31) 1974 12 6 1980 1980 1 8 3-64 -
1982 11 15. 102) 9) (1982.3-1992.5) - 1980. 103),,, 102). 30, 30-50, 30, 10., 2 8,,. 1).,.......,...,. 103) 19602.. 1967-1974 : < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > 1975 - : < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > - 65 -
,,,,.. 104),.,.,... 6 25. < >, < >, < >. < > < > 10 6. < > 6 25. < > 40, 1 5. < > 20...,. < > 1985. 3. < >, < >, < >..... 104),. - 66 -
. 1991 2 49.,,,, 2 16. 1991 1 < >, 1992 2 < >... 1987, 2-3. 105), 4. 4.. 106) 4 2, 4. 1 (1987 ) 2 (1989 ) < > < >,. 1 < > 1980. 105) 1987 1, 1989 2, 1992 3, 1994 4 4. 4 1994 4., 1994 7.,.. 106). 1994 4,.. - 67 -
. =, 1990. 1980, 1990.. (1983.1.1) (1983.1.14) (1983.3.27) (1985.3.1), (1986.1.1) (1986.3.27) (1986.5.17) (1986.7.15) (1988.4.20) (1989.1.5) (1990.9.11) (199 1.5.2 1) (199 1.7.17) - 68 -
(1991.10.16) (199 1.10.23) (1992.1.20) 10) 2 (1992.2-1994.7) - i) 2 : 90,. 90 1992 1 3 < >. 107),.,,,, 3,. 108) 107),. - 69 -
109)., 110). 90. 111).,,.. (, 1992.2.7.3 ) 108), [ ], 1992 2 7. 109),. 110),.. 90. 111),. - 70 -
,,.,,. 112),. ii) 2 6 2 90.,. 1992 5 23, < >, 1970 1, 1990 2. 113),,,,,, 6 114),. 112),. 113),,. 15. - 71 -
1 : - 90 1,,,,,..,. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5),.,. 1) 2), 3), 4) 114),. 17. 90. - 72 -
.,.. 1) 2). 2 : - 90 2.,. 1) - - 3 1. 2). 3),, 4). 5). 6).,. 1). 2). 3). 4). 5). 3 : - 73 -
-, : 1990. 1) < > 2), < > 115). 3),,, 4) < >,. 5) < >,., :... 1). 2) < >. 116) 3)., :. 1) 1990 5 2) 1990 3) 5 115). 116) 1., 2. 3. 4..,. - 74 -
4) < >., : 117). 1) 2)., :. 1) < >, < >. 2) < >. 4) 6)., : 1) 2) 3),,,, 4) 117) 80,,, 12, 13. 50.,. - 75 -
., : 1) 2). 4 : 90 4.,. 1),, 3 1. 2). 3).,. 1),. 2). 3). 5 :, 905,.,,. 1). 2). 3).,. 1),,, - 76 -
. 2),.,,. 1),, 2),. 6 : 2,..,,. 1) 2), 3).,. 1) 2) 3),. 1990 2... < > - 77 -
2 6.,. < > 1), 2), 3). < >,, < >,. < >,,,,,,,,,. 118),. 1970. 119).,. 118),... 7 50. 119),.,,,,,,,,. - 78 -
. 1), 2), 3), 4), 5). 120).. < > 1992 4 1), 2) < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > 1992 2 1),. 2). 3). 12 1),,,. 1973 < >, < >, < >, < >,,. 1980 < > 40 122) < 120),.. 90. 121), ( :, 1992.6). - 79 -
> 1989 15. < >. (90.1.8, 4 ), (90.2.14, 2 ), (91.2.12, 4 ), (1991.3.30, 1 ), (1991.10.16, 4 ) 4,. 123) 122). 1985 5..,, - [21]( : ) 1 2 3 4, - [22]( : ) 1 2 3 -, 4, - [23]( : ) 1 2 3 4 5 [24],,, [25]. 123), 90-91 ( :, 1992). - 80 -
< > 124).,,. 1970 1980 < >, < >, < > 1990 < >, < >, < >, < >.,.. < >,. 125) i) < >. 2, 124),. 27-47. 125),, < >1993 1 7-38.. - 81 -
< >. 2 6, 1990.. < >. < > 126).,,, < > < >, ii) < > 90 < >. < > 1992 50 1, 2, 1997 6 40. < > < >.,, 127) 2 126). - 82 -
. < >., < >.. < >.,.. 128) < > 5 1) 2) 3) 4) 5). 129) < >( 50 ) < >( 15, 1989 ) 127). (1996: ), 2.. 128), ( :, 1988) 51-55. 129), ( :, 1975). 1975.. ( :,1989) - 83 -
. 130) < [1]> 1) 2) 3). 131) < > 1) 2) 3),. 132), < >. < > 1),. 2) < >,,.,,. 3) 133) 130) [ (1)] 1. 2. 3. 4.. 131), ( :, 1989). 132),. 133) 1985 16,,. [Korea Today] 1992 2. < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >. ( ), ( ),,,., ( :,1992.9) 7-10 - 84 -
. < >, < >.. 4)., < >. < >, < >,, 134). 1) 2) 3),,., < >. < >. 135). 1) 2) 3),, 4) 5) 6),, 134),. 135),. - 85 -
136). < >,. 1992 9 13 3 < >. 137) 11) (1994.7- ) - 90 i) 90... 1997 6 19, 136),. 137) < >1992 9 18. - 86 -
. 90.... 20 1992 52. 1970 1,, 2. 1992 2. < >, < >, < >, < >.. < >, < >,. - 87 -
. 2.,.. 138)., 1990. 139) < >, < >, < >, < > 1990 138). 1. : < >, < >, < 1994>, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > 2. : < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > 3. : < >, < >, < > 4 : < >, < 3 >, < >, < > 5. : < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > < >,. 139) 1996 1 31 4 : 86...... - 88 -
. 140). < > 14 1), < >,. 1980,.. 1994 9 4.. 1992 5 2. 1970., 140), < >,, 1996 6 :. < >.,.,.... < >,. 141) < > 1980. - 89 -
. 2 < >, 142).,.,. < >, < >, < >, < >. < >,,,,. 50,... 143) 142), < >,, 1996 6 : 2 < >. 2....,,. 143), < >,, 1996 6 : < >. 50. 50 20.. 1, 2 3 15.. < > 50. 32. 25. 1 24,, - 90 -
,.,., 1994 7 8., 4, < >, < >, < > 3 < 8 3 >. < > ( ). < > ( ).. < 8 3 > 8 3,. < >, < >.....,.. 25,....... 25. - 91 -
..,,,.,. =., 1993.,,. ii) 1995 1995 10 30. 18, 13.. 1995 23 31. 50, 24,, 25. 25. 25-92 -
. 144) 3, 4. 1989,..... 1995.., -.. 1994 7... 1995 30 90%.. 3 144), 1995.10.1-12.31. - 93 -
,,,. < > < >. 145) 90 < >. < > 50, 1992 1997 6 24 42,. < >. < 1-2> < > 1-4 5, 14-16 6-9 10 ( ) 11-13 17-18 19 20-24 25-33 34-42 (1-9 ) 1997 6 25 4.26,., 145),, ( : 1997.6). - 94 -
.,,. - 95 -
< 1-3> (1926.10~ 1945.8) (1945.8 ~1950.6) (1950~ 1953.7) 20 (1946.3.23) (1946.10) (1946.3.23) (1947.3.28) (1947.4.30) (1947.9.16) -1951.6.20 (1951.6.30), - 96 -
(1953.7~196 1.9) (196 1.10-196 7.6) (19 6 7.6-19 73.4) 1 ( :, : ) (1953.8.5) (1955.12.28) (1964.1.8) - 3 9 1956.12.25) -1958.1.17 (1959.7.1) -1960.2.18 (1964.11.7) (1964.12.8), (1968.11.1) (1965.12.16) -1958.10.14 ------------------------------- (1964.6.12) (1964.12.10) (1960.11.27) (1966.2.26), (1967.7. 8) (1968.8.16) (1968.4.16) (1968.11.1) (1969.420) (1969.9.27) (1970.2.19) (1970.6.18) (1970.10.16) (197 1.2.12) (1966.12.27) -196 1.3.4 (1967.6.30) (1973.4.11) (196 1.3.7),, (197 1.2.15) (197 1.10.28) (197 1.8.3) (1972.9.6) - - 97 -
(19 73.4-19 82) (1982-1992.5) (199 2- ) ( ) 2 : (1983.3.27) (1974.2.19) (1985.3.1) (1992.5.23) (1974.10.1), (1974.11.6) (1986.1.1) (1975.10.5) (1986.3.27),, (1975.10.22) (1986.5.17) (1978.3.1) (198 1.3.3 1.) (1982.3.3 1). 1983.1.1 (1983.1.14) (1986.7.15) (1988.4.20) (1989.1.5) (1990.9.11) (199 1.5.2 1) (199 1.7.17) (199 1.10.16) (199 1.10.23) (1992.1.20),, - - - 98 -
(192 6.10 ~ 1 9 45.8) (19 45.8 ~ 19 50.6) (1950~ 1953.7) 32 (1950.12), (1946.3) (195 1.3) (46.10) - (195 1.3 (46.1) - (195 1.6) (46.8) (52.11) (1947.2.6), (1948.6- (1952.5) 4 ) - 5 1946.1- - ( ) 1946.10-1946.11. 1950.8.29-,, ( -,, )-10-195 1-100% 1947. 1952-156% 1952-140 % 1949.7.18 2 1 195 1-195 1 - -,, 1952.6-195 1, (1946) (1947) ( ), 38,, (1948) (1949) (1949.4) (195 1.6.20) (1952.1.15) - 8 (1952.9.15) (195 1) * 123, 78 8-99 -
(1953.7-196 1.9) (196 1.10-196 7.6) (196 7.6-19 73.4) 1 -, 5:5 ((1956.1.18) (1953.9) (1964.11.7) 2,, -,., (1956.12.25) - - ( ) (1960.11.27)- -4.15 ( ) (1961.1.12), ( ), 3 1 (1961.3) - ( ) 6 (1953.8) 1954-1955-, 1956.3.1-1956.4.2-3 - - -1957. - 1966.1.3,, 1957.10.5,, (1958.1.17) 1958-1958.2 1959.5.16-2.8 1959-190% -191% 120% 1956-9 1959-1960-, 1968.1.3 1964.1.3 1968.1.3 1969.1.2 1970.1.2 1970.1.2 (1.2.3 ) (1,2 ) (1,2 ) - 100 -
(19 73.4-19 82) (1982-1992.5) ( ) (199 2.5 - ) 2 1977.1.2 1979.1.1 1983.1.1?? 1986.1.1 1989.1.1-101 -
2 1.. 1997,,,,,,,. < 2-1> / 1947 2 6 178 1950 3 11 1, 1952 6 4, 1997 3 4,,,,,,. 1947-102 -
1957. 1, 2, 3,.,,,, -,, 1 -.,, 25%, 20%, 15%.,, 5.1, 8.15, 10. 1 8. (1950 3 11 2 ).,...,,,,.,. - 103 -
2. 1).,,..,,,.,. 2) 1948, (1960 12 17 ), ( ). 1995. 146) (1995, ) 147). 148),,,,,,,. 146), (92 7 ). 147),, 321. 148) (1996 4 ), 2.16. - 104 -
< 2-1> ( ) 3 ( ) : (, 1995) - 105 -
< 2-2> : I (, 199 1) - 106 -
2) (1) ( ) 7. 1946 3 10. 1953 1961 3.,,. ( ), 1,, ( ), 149).., 149),, 33. - 107 -
< 2-3> : (, 1995) - 108 -
< 2-4> ( ) - 109 -
( ) 150),,,, 5. : ( ),,,, (2),,,., (2, )... 30%, 30%, 20%, 20%,.. (3),.,. 7,, 4 25,,,,,. 151) 150),, 325. 151). - 110 -
< 2-2> 1947.2.6 4.25 1959 1946.7.1 1966.1.10 197 1.5,,,,, 2, 10. 4 25,, 3.,.,. 1967. 152).. ( ).,, 152) (1988), <1987 > 20. - 111 -
. (4) 5.18 5 18.,,,,.. 5 18. (5) 3,.,. 3. : : 3 : (FIAF), 3 :,,,, 250-112 -
3. 1)., 1950. 153).. 154). (1) :,,, : 6 : <2 16 > 155), <7 18 > (2) : 1959 1962. : : 4, 3 :,, (1990) < > 153), ( ), 96. 154) ( ), 100. 155) < >, < > 1973 2 <2.16 >.,. ;,, 239. - 113 -
5.(5 1 ) : 5 :,,,, : :, : : (1971 2 15 ).... (3) 1966 4 1. - 114 -
(4) 156). (5) 157) : : 1949 3 1 : ( 4, 3, 3, 4, 14 ), ( 3, 3, 2, 8 ).,,,, (, ),,,,,,,,,.. :,,,,. 2),,.,. 158) ( )...,,.., 156) (1996 2 ),. 157),. 1997, 160. 158), (1971 2 15 ). - 115 -
< >.. < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >,.,....,. ( ),,., 1977,. 4. 1) 11.(, 1990. 5. 21), 8 ( ) 1,,.,,. ( ). 1990 300-350 ( 70-80 ) 1990 3. 1989 1 159). (4 159) (1990), (1991 10 ). - 116 -
15 ).. 2 (, 1 ) : ( ) : ( ), ( 2.8 ) : < > ( 1 ) : ( ) ( 1 ) : ( 2.8 ) ( 2.8 ) : ( ) ( ) < 2-1>, (1952 6 4 ). - 117 -
1., 1.,. 2.,,. 3.,,. 4.,. 2),.. 15. - 118 -
. < 2-2> (1977 3 4 ). 1.. [ ] 1. 15. 2.. 3.. - 119 -
3 1. 1) 160) (1) 161),..,...... 160), ( ),, 1996. ( ) (1971 2 15 ). 161), ( ) (1971 2 15 ) ;, ( ),, 1996. - 120 -
. ( ),. ( ).,,.,,,........ 162) (1970. 6. 6) (1997 )., 60. 162), 804-807. - 121 -
. (2)...... 163) ( ).. 1.(, 796 ). (1971.. ;, 797 )., ( ). 163), (1971. 2. 15), ( ),, 1996. 811. - 122 -
,,,...,... (1971 ). 164)...,. (, 800 ),.. ( ). ( ) 164) ( ) (1971 2 15 ) ;, 798. - 123 -
. < >. < >. 165), ( ).....(, 802 ). ( )..,. ( ),... 165), 779. - 124 -
< 2-5> /,,, - 125 -
2) (1),... 166).....,.,,.. ( ) 30%, ( ) 30%, ( ) 20%, ( ) 20%..,. 166) (1971. 2. 15),, 794-795. - 126 -
. ( ),,,. 1. 167) (2),.. 1977,,,,, 3, 4, : 900 1980 6 : 393 1 < >( ) 2 < >( ) 167),, :, 1997, 332. - 127 -
1989 77 : 76 1 1 < >( ) 2 9, 19, 3 3 30 : 7, 1, 3 1992-1993 168) :,, ( : ) - -,, - <!>, - < >, <90 > - <,,!> 168) 1993 1-128 -
- - - - - - : - - 169) - 13020, 1992 9 1 1993 2 1 1993 2 2 1993 8 31 169),,.,,. - 129 -
3) (1) : 170),... < >...,..,.,, 170), (1971. 2. 15), ( ),, 1996. 3). - 130 -
....,,..,.....,...,. (1971 )...,. - 131 -
,. (2) ( ).. 1,..... 171) 171), 821. - 132 -
,,.,..,.,. 172) (3) : < >. 173). ( ) 174)., 172), 821 173),, (1991. 5), 41-43. 174) :. - 133 -
... (4). < >.(1984 1 9-1 27 ) 1983 MA.,..,. 175). 80,. 1947 2 6. 176) 175), 142-143. 176) 178 (1947. 2. 6.) ( ).. ( ) 1947 25,876,345-134 -
.. ( ). 1957. - 1, 10 -,, - 1955 (). - (,,,,, ). - 1983,.. - ( ; ), 1 8. - (, ( ), 135 ). 2.8.. 1947 15 (4 )., ( 4 ),, 206. - 135 -
( : 1983 10 ) 177) -,,,, 2, 10. ( 1985 4< >.,,..) - 25(1991 12 ) - 30%, 30%, 20%, 20% < >(1949, / ), < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < 5 >, < >, < >( ), < >(1988 ) 1989 - : < ( 3 ) >, 2 - : < >(1,2 ), < >, < >, < > - : < >, < >, < >, 2 - : < 3 : >, < 4 : >, < 5 : >, < >, < >, < >, 2 177) 1990. - 136 -
4 25 178) 1959 5 16 2 8 70 1 13. 48 2 8. 1978 1932 4 25. 1990.., 179),, ( : ) 3 178) 1996 1 ( 271) 34 4.25.. 1997 1 ( 284) 4.25. 4 25 1932 1978.(, 186 ) 179) ;, 92 7. - 137 -
- :,,,, (1985 ) - : ( ), ( ), 5-10 (1991 9 ), 20 ( (1990), 30 ) - : < > - : < >, < >(1983, < > ) - : < >(87 1 ), < >(68) - < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >(86 ) 1989 - : < >, < >, 3 - : < (1 ) / >, < 2 (1,2 )>, < / >, 1 - : < >, < ( / )>, < >, < > 1946 7 1. - 138 -
, 1946 2 < > 7 1. 1957. - ( ) - 1970.., ( ) ( ),. 180),, 181),.,. 182), 1, 180), (1970. 10. 9) ;, ( ),, 1996. 781-783. 181) 1961. 182) 1970 10 9. - 139 -
< > 60 < >, < >, < >( 4 ), < 5 >, < 6 >, < >(6 ), < >(15 ) 1962 4 111965 1971 5 1955 1 10 183)., (1985 ), (1989 ) 184) 183),, 58. 184),. - 140 -
..(, 25 )..(, 29 ),,.(, 29 ) 1978 1986 3 8 2 1983 10 20 1986 2 5. 185) 5. -.,.., ( ),.(, 30-31 ) -,.. 185) 1978 1 14, 7 19 1986 3 13. - 141 -
-..., (Barrandov)..(, 33 ) - (1986 4 15 ) 4 2, 2 2, 6, 5 2. 186) - 1983 11 7 (< > ) 7 13. < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >..(, 25 ) - < > ( < >) 187) : 1907. 1984 7.. - < > : 1920. 186) ( ), 332. 187). --- < > < >., 168-169. - 142 -
.. 188) 1989 < (3 ) : >. 189) - < > : 1930..,..,.....(, 31 ) 190).. 1985 6 14 ( ). - < > : < >. ( ) - < > :..(1985 9 ) - < > : 20 - < > : (14 ) (SF). 188), 174. 189) (1990), 436. 190) ( ), 248. - 143 -
.,,... 191) - < > ( ), < > ( ; ), < > ( ), < > (, ), < > ( ; < > ), < > ( ), < > ( ), < > ( ), < > (1,2,3 ) 192), < >, < >(6.25 ) 193), < > 194),. 1991 2,,, ( 1 ), ( ), ( ). 195) 191), 154. 192) < (1,2 )> 1986 < ( 3 )> 1989. (1987), 590. (1990), 436. 193) ( ), 212. 194), 157. 195) (1992) - 144 -
196) 10 4) (1).,. 1970. 197)... < >. ( ).,. 198) 196). 197), (1971. 2. 15), ( ),, 1996., 821. 198), (1971. 2. 15), ( ),, 1996, 828-829. - 145 -
< >. 199). < > < > ( ). < >. 200),. (1996 4 ) < : >. (< > ), 6. 7. (2) ( )..,.... 199) ( ), 211 ;, 173. 200) ( ), 327. - 146 -
1980 201). (3) 5.18 5.18. 202). 203) 5) (1) 204) 1995 18, 13 1994 7. 1995 < >(23-32 ) < >(3-4, / ), < >, < >. 201) ( ), 39. 202), (1971 2 15 ) 203) (1986), 581. 1979. 204) i). ii),,, < >,, ( ). - 147 -
< 3-1> 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 199 1 * 3 1 25 24 36 35 33 29 ** 10 6 10 6 6 /,1/2 *** 5 2 8 1 6 8 8 62 4 1 55 48 39 49 38 28 24 38 43 52 45 40 8 n.d. 14 19 14 20 24 ( ) 129 90 13 1 146 14 0 147 13 1 : *. 1 2 1 ** 2. *** 1 2. 14 24 ( 2 12 ). **** 1985 1991 (2) ( ) ( ).,,.. 1996 65 9, 405 42. 205) 10.8%. 205), 97. 4. - 148 -
25.3%. 85% 206) 62%, 20% 207). 208).,. < 3-2> 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 199 1 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 26 27 32 31 31 35 31 81 80 73 89 87 110 111 12 1 96 63 65 65 66 25 27 50 84 175 264 276 256 319 347 382 358 405 1 15 47 49 62 63 7 1 7 1 1), / 1/2. 2) ( ). 3) 1970 231. 4) 93 178, 94 199, 95 201 ( ) 2. 1) (1) 206). 207) : 1977 4 29, <TV >. 208) 1997. 4. 29. 41. - 149 -
(,, )..,.,.,.. (2),. 1970,,. 209) 2).,., 209), (1970. 10. 9) ;, ( ),, 1996. 781-783. - 150 -
.,.,,,.,.,. < 3-3>,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 8,,,,,, 1. 3-4 1.,.,,,,. 1989. 1989 5 13. 12, 6, 4 2. 6 600. 2,000, 600, 300, 100-151 -
.,,. 1 3-9, 1, 5 -. 210), 40, 80, 1 50 211).,,,,.,,.. 3) (1). (9 9 ) (4 15 ) 2.16( ) 1996 2 8 17. < >, < >, < >, < > < >, < >, < >, < 210), 1996,. 211),,, 1996,. - 152 -
>, < >., ( ). 212) (2) 1991., ( ). 1991 2 6 3 13 1,.( 1992 ) 1990 15, 7, 14, 8, 7. 2.16 2.16,,,. 2.16. 4) (1). 1978 3 8,. 212) 1996 4. - 153 -
... 1990.,,. 213)..,. 213) (1990) : 1989 9 30 ( ) - 154 -
....,,. (2).. 1978. ( 1.) 5),... - 155 -
.... < >( ). 6)... 1 1980 8 1991 4. - 156 -
< 3-4> (, ) 214) 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 199 1 13,30 1.0 13,618.4 13,088.5 11,264.5 11,966.8 9,168.0 7,708.0 34,961.7 34,785.0 29,199.6 24,111.2 4 1,590.9 15,406.0 11,57 1.5 6,181.9 7,425.0 7,930.7 5,937.3 5,937.3 3,115.6 2,526.0 1,935.0 2,0 19.4 1,762.7 1,408.8 1,4 11.8 1,170.9 67 1.1 885.3 1,4 17.2 198.6 1,060.0 1,408.8 693.1 495.0, 44,035.1 ( ) 48,205.3 47,442.0 43,476.5 45,154.3 32,920.6 26,697.4 82,332.4 87,777.8 94,87 1.3 86,452.2 86,452.0 59,34 1.6 48,372.9 3,769.2 5,49 1.0 6,334.5 467.1 5,470.4 1,786.5 4,182.3 635,300.0 655,002.0 670,233 599,365.0 614,672 44 1,57 1 355,9 16.0 187,40 1.6 20 1,381.9 20 1,64 1.2 174,092.6 162,938.7 122,061.7 98,647.3 :.(1986 ) 1987.. (1990 629,100 ) < 3-5> : ( ) 93 % 94 % 95 % 96 % 769 15.9 993 20.5 944 20.9 976 23.1 4,054 84.1 3,842 79.5 3,569 79.1 3,244 76.9 4,823 4,835 4,5 13 4,220 275 15.4 381 20.2 393 20.4 455 22.4 1,5 15 84.6 1,502 79.8 1,532 79.6 1,573 77.6 1,790 1,883 1,925 2,028 :. 1996 1,992 5 47.1% 214).. - 157 -
3. 1) (1) ( 1 ).,,,,. (,, ).. 215) 1 1987 9 1 13.. < >, < >, < > 216). 2 1990 9 1. ( ) < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, <86 >, < >. 217) 13 (1989 ),! 1989 7 2 7 6 5., 215) 1, (1987), 557-558. 216) (1988), 46. 217) (1991) - 158 -
< >( ), < >( ), < >( ) 150. (2). 1989 1 10.. 15 1989 1 13. 30 1989 2 20. 1989 2 14. 2) (1). 1956.. [ 46 11 8 ] 218) -,! - 159 -
7 ( ). [ 46.12.3], ( 1 ). 1956, 1977.,,, < >,. 1956 1977 ( ;,, 1992 7..) : 79 5 ( 12 ) : (78 ) 1985-1985 5 11-30 218), 4,,. - 160 -
( 2.8 ) - < > 1985 8 14-22 ( ) - 1985 6 12-21 (5.18 ) 1986, 5 5 1986 40 < >(1, 2 ) 2.. 1988 < >,,,,,,,,.( (1991) ) (2) 1978, 1979 9 29-10 5 29 1985 < > ( ) 1986 ( ) 1989, 10 23-28 - 161 -
: () < > < >, < > (3) 1978 :, 1979 :, ( ) (4) (1985 ) 86 < > 1989 10 2 7 13, < > < > < > 3) 1977 94 1980,, 6 1986 9< >. 1986 25 ( ) - 162 -
< >. 219) 1986 10 < >. 4).. 1988,,,,,,,.( (1989).. - 6 25-7 27 - : : 78 16 < > 25-1989 2 24, < > - 1989 2 23-24, < > 1989 13, 219) (1987), 554. - 163 -
- 1989,, - 1 (1989 6 26 ) 220) - 1986 2 12 20 - < (1,2 )>, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > < 6 >. 5) 1978 2 2.. 1987 8 < >( ; 1985 < >.). TV... 1989 < >. 6) < >,. 80 220) (1987), 562-563. - 164 -
80,,,. < >.,. 221). 4., < >., (FIAF). 1 5..( ( )34 ) 1983,,,, 250. 1 3. 1974 FIAF. 222).., < >, < 221) ( ), 103-104. 222) ( ), 70. - 165 -
>, < >, < >, < >, < >. 3... 223), < >( ), <3 >( ), < > 224), < > 225), < > 226)... ( : 1991 1, 48 ). 1991 1.,. ( ).. ( ). 223), ( ), 37. 224), 65. 225), 116. 226), 190. - 166 -
5. 1) (1) < > - 1957 7 1. 227) -,,,. - < >,.. - < >, < >. < > - 1 10. -,,, 1,,,,,,,,,. - 1991, 1992 490 300. < >( 4 6 ) - -,,,. 227) (1991) - 167 -
- 1980 < > 4. - 1989 < >. (2).. (1989, ), (1989, 4 6 ),,.. (2) (1989, 4 6 ) 2). 1992 1.. - 168 -
< >. ( )..,,,... ( ). 228) 3) ( ) 30.8%. 18.3%. 47.2%.(1985 10 ). 229). TV. 230) 228), 1993 1, 54. 229),, :, 1997, 196. 230), 171. - 169 -
< 3-6> 231) TV PAL 19-22 (1997 2 16 ) TV 12-22 TV NTSC 4 TV PAL ( ),,, 1959 1962.,,. 232) 231),, 161. 232),,, 1991, 242 ;,, 162. - 170 -
4 1. 233) (1),. 1991 2.8 < (4,5 )>.( (1992) ) (2),,. 1946 < >., ( ), ( ),, ( ). ( ).. 233),, :, 1989.. - 171 -
...( ).,,., 1991 31, 7. (3), 1 4.,,.,,. (4),,,.,.,,,,. 1 2. - 172 -
2. 1),.,.,. 234) 235),.,.. 236),, 234),,, 1985, 162 ; (1989) ;,, 109. 235),, 301 ; (1988) ;,, 109.. 236),, 102. - 173 -
..,,,,. (1).....,,.. (2),., - 174 -
< 4-1> 1. 1. 2. 2.. 3. 3.. 4. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1. : 2. : 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 1.. 1. 1. 2... 2. 2. 3... 3. 3. 4. 5.. - 175 -
4 : 1. 2. 3. 4 1. :,, 2. : 3. : 4. : 1. 2. ( ) 1. 3. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4.. 5. 5. 6. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. - 176 -
< 4-2> 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. < >:, < > < >: < >: < > < >:, 1 : 2 : < >: 3 : 11. 1 2. 13. :. :. < >: < > < > < > < > < > < >: < > < >:... - 177 -
..,,,. (3).. 237)..,,,.,,.,.,., 237) (1971 2 15 ).. - 178 -
.,.,.,.,. 2) 2 3 8) 1973 4 11..,.,,,,... 238),, :, 1989. - 179 -
,. ( ). ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ). (1)..,,.,.,.,,..,. - 180 -
(2),..,....,,,,,,. (3),..,....,,,,. - 181 -
(4),,.... (5),,,.,.,. - 182 -
< 4-3> (19 73.4.1 1).?.?,. - 183 -
(19 88.4.20) (19 90.9.1 1) - 184 -
(19 9 1.7.17) (19 92.1.2 0). - 185 -
(6)...,,,. (7),.,.,,.. (8). - 186 -
3. 1) (1) 239).,,,. < > :,,, (2) 240) < > < >. ( ). (3) 241).,,, 239) < > 1994 11 17 ;,, :, 1994. 240),, 1998. 241),,, 1993. - 187 -
... < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >(, ) : < >, < >, < >, < > : < >() < >, < >, < >( ) < >, < >, < > < >( ), < > < >, < >, < >, < >,< > (4) 242)..... < > < 242) 172-173 - 188 -
>. < > < >... < > :....,,. < > :. 150%,..... 243) 2).. 243), 298-299. - 189 -
..,,....,.,...... 244),... 245) ( ). 1,..., 244), 27. 245), 70. - 190 -
.. ( ). (,,, 2 8 ) 1 1,,. < > < > 2,... 230. 7 246), 1,800. 1..,. 247).. <, > 246) 3 1. 247), 71-75. - 191 -
4-5,.. 248) < >.. 249),.. 250). 1970,... 251) 248), 181. 249), 160. 250) ( ), 71. 251), 177. - 192 -
5 1. 1). -, -. 252)....,. 253), 252),,,, 1994, 52. 253), 1989,,,, 1994, 27. - 193 -
. 254)., (integration).. (Ernst Hass). (Myron Weiner) (1), (2), (3),, (4), (5).. (Emile Durkheim) (mechanical solidarity) (organic solidarity). (Talcott Parsons), 254).,,,, :, 1997.. - 194 -
AGIL( Adaptation, Goal attainment, Integration, Latent pattern maintenance and tension management)..,., (commitment).,. (R. Munch). (1). (2). (3). (4) (discourse).. (social integration) (system integration). (David Lockwood) (Karl Marx),,..,. - 195 -
( )., (delinguistified steering media : ) (feedback machanisms). (Craig Calhoun) ( ) (,, ). ( ) 255) ( ).. (1), (2) ( ), (3), (4). (1) (2) (4).. 255) (imagined communities) : (B. Anderson).,..,. 38. - 196 -
,....,,.. (nationalism), (ethnic group) (ethnicity).,.,.,,.,.. - 197 -
... 2).,.,.,.,. [ ] [ 3 16 ]. [ 17 ]. [ 2 1 ]... - 198 -
1990 2 11 5.,,,,,,,.,,, 4. < 5-1> ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) :,,,, 12., - 199 -
,., :, :, : 256).,, 90. < 10 > 257). 1993 4 7< 10 >. 1. 2. 3... 4. 5., 6.. 7.., 8... 256),,, 21. 257) < >, 1993. 4. 9. 5. - 200 -
9., 10., 90,. 7.4,,,.,.,,....,. - -.,,,.,,,., - 201 -
.,.,.,,..,,.,..,.,.. 6. 1990( 1 ).... < >, < > - 202 -
..,. (157 ). 258),..,.,. 3. 1989 (Korean Film Festival) : (Center for Korean Research) : 3 - : < 1, 2>, < >, < > - : < >, < >, < > 1 ( ) : 1990 10 10-13 : ( ) 258) <TV >, 1992. 5. 1. - 203 -
- : < >, < > - : < >, < >, < >,...,,. 259),,..,,,. 2. :.. 1) ( ) 259),,, 87. - 204 -
,,,.. 2),, 3..,... ( 10 ) < >,. (1996 )....,, ( ) - 205 -
260) 3).. < >..,. < >. 261).,. 260) ( ), 94, 96. 261) < >(1926 ) ( ). ( 1926 3 1 ). < >. 1937 8 9 36 < > 19. < >(1926), < >(1927), < >(1927), < >(1927), < >(1928), ; >(1928), < >(1928), < >(1929), < >(1930), < >(1930), < >(1931), < >(1932), < 3 >(1936), < >(1937) 1938 11 10 1 < >, 8 < >, 9 < > 3, 10 2 < >.( 1 < >) ;,, :, 1997, 275-276. - 206 -
4) ( ).. 1945. ( ) ( )... 5) (1) ( ),,... (co-venture). co-production (co-production) (co-development). - 207 -
(co-production) (co-financing) (joint-acquisition) (twinning package) (2),....,,,,,,.,,.. ( ), ( - 208 -
).,. 3. (3)..., 1960.,.,..., ( ),. - 209 -
1) ( ), 1, 2, ( 21, 22 ), :, 1994.,, :, 1996.,, :, 1997.,,, 1994.,,, 1992., : 1977-1988,, ( 125 ( 89 7 ) ), 1 4., 1945-1988, 1989 1., ( ), :, 1996.,, :, 1989. (, (1988) ),, :, 1995.,,, :, 1994., 1, :, 1991.,,?, :, 1995.,, :, 1997. ( ), -, :, 1993. 12., :, :, 1995.,,, ( ), - 210 -
,, :, 1989.,, :, 1996.,,, :, 1996.,,, (1992 7 ),, (1992 7 ),,,, 1990., :, (1989. 12.), 4, (1992 7 ) 2) (1985-1992 ), : ( ) (1993 1 ), : ( ),, :, 1972., (1970 10 9 ), (1971 2 15 ), (1971 4 28 ) - 211 -
Abstract A Study on the Film Industry and Policy of North Korea 1. Purpose The Purpose of this study is to research the film industry and policy of North Korea and to suggest film exchange programs between South and North Korea. 2. Content This report consists of five chapters. 1) The Film Policy of North Korea (1) Film as a means of Propaganda (2) The Film policy of North Korea (1962-1997) 2) Law and Institutions related to North-Korean Film Industry (1) Law (2) Institutions and Associations (3) Education (4) Prize 3) North-Korean Film Industry (1) Production System (2) Distribution System (3) Film-Exchange Programs (4) Film Archive - 212 -
(5) Industries relating to Film 4) Characteristics and Limitations of North-Korean Film (1) Genre (2) Theory of Film (3) Chatacteristics and Limitations of North-Korean Film 3. Suggsetion All the Film Exchange Programs suggested here aim at the cultural unification of South and North Korea. They need three premises. ; (1) Government should allow for film makers to research North-Korean films unrestrictly. (2) Government should allow and support film exchage programs of non-governmental organizations. (3) Government should provide infrastructure which supports film exchanges between South and North korea. 1) to make a Korean Film Exchange Fund which supports film exchnge programs between South and North korea. 2) to make South and North Korean Film Festival 3) to promote acdemic co-researches on korean film history, film theory, etc. 4) to develope various film exchange programs between South and North korean film archives. 5) to support co-production of film - 213 -
1. ( 194 7. 3-1998 ) 2. < > 3. 4. ( 1946-1995 ) - 214 -
1. (1947. 3-1998). 1995 4 1996 3.... A- B- C- D- E- 0-1- ( ) 2-3- 4-5- 6-7- 9-10- 11- - 12-13- 14-8- 15- : (, ) - 215 -
E-10 E-10 E-13 C-14 C-14 C-11 C-4 47.3.9 48.3.20 49.5.2 53.3.15 54.11.6 54.11.13 54.12.4 54.12.26.,,,,,,., < >...... - 216 -
C-11 C-0 C-0 C-14 C-6 C-11 55.2.3 55.3.5 55.3.12 55.3.25 55.5.28 55.7.9 55.11.5... 1.... 1-217 -
C-11 C-11 C-7 C-0 C-4 C-9 56.1.28 56.2.11 56.5.12 56.11.10 56.11.17 56.12.30 57.2.2....... - 218 -
C-14 57.2.6. C-5 57.2.9. 57.7.12,. B-0 57.7.2 1 < > < 1 < > >. 58.2.2. C-0 C-0 58.2.3 58.2.4 < >. 1 < >. C-13 58.2.25 1. C-0 58.5.28. 1-219 -
58.12.23. C-7 58.12.30 < >. C-0 C,E-7 C-7 59.1.2 59.6.22 59.7.28 59.11.1.. < >,< >,< > 1. 2.8. - 220 -
C-7,11 59.12.28 B-3 C-11 C-11 59.12.29 60.1.18 60.2.9 60.3.6 2.8 < >. < >.. C-2 60.6.20. C-10 60.8.8 < > 2.8. C-6 60.12.8. - 221 -.
- 222 -
C-11 C-11 C-9 C-0 C-0 C-12 C-9 C-9,14 61.3.18. 61.3.20. 61.3.24. 61.5.23 < >. 61.5.27 < >. 61.6.18. 61.7.22 61.12.5 4.. - 223 -
- 224 -
C-11 62.1.7. C-11 62.1.17. C-10 62.2.4. 62.2.12. C-0 62.3.5 < >. C-11 C-11 C-10 62.3.6. 62.3.10 62.3.18.. - 225 -
C-0 62.6.13. C-11 62.6.18. B-4 C-0 C-11 C-11 62.7.7 62.8.4 62.8.13 62.8.18 62.12.13 < >..... - 226 -
- 227 -
C-11 C-11 63.1.7 63.1.9 63.1.9.. < >. C-0 63.1.10 < >. C-7 D-15 D-0 C-7 63.1.2 1. 63.2.6 2.8 2.8. 63.2.7 2.8 2.8 63.2.12. - 228 -.
C-11 63.2.28. C-11 C-11 C-14 C-7 C-9 63.3.6 63.4.16 63.5.17 63.5.27 63.7.5 63.7.8 63.7.13.... * < >. < >.. - 229 -
63.8.5. B-0 C-11 E-5 D-15 63.8.2 1 63.8.23 63.9.5 63.9.26 < >.. < >.. - 230 -
E-11 64.1.3 < >. C-11 64.1.4 < >. C-3 64.1.6 < > (< >). C-0 64.1.7. B-11 64.4.3 < >. C-7 64.4.2 1,. B-0 64.5.13 < < > >. B-0 64.5.16 < >. - 231 -
C-7 B-0 C-0 B-0 B-0 B-0 B-0 B-0 C-11 64.6.11 64.7.13 64.7.20 64.7.23 64.9.4 64.9.7 64.9.15 64.9.16 64.10.9 < >,. < < > >. < >. < >. < > 2.8. < >. < 2.8 >. <2.8 >.. - 232 -
B-0 C-7 B-0 64.10.12 64.10.16 64.11.4 < < > 2.8 >.. < < > >. C-11 C-12 B-0 C-0 B-15 64.11.17 < >3. 64.11.18 < > 2.8,. 64.11.20 < < > > 64.12.2.. 64.12.7 2.8 < < > >. - 233 -
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B-15 B-7 67.1.8 67.1.10 < >. 2.8 < < > >. B-11 C-11 B-0 C-0 67.1.11 67.1.17 67.1.20 67.2.2 < >. < > < >. < >.. B-0 C-7 C-7 B-8 C-7 67.2.12 < >. 67.2.12 67.2.15. 67.2.26. 67.3.17 < >. - 239 -.
B-0 67.4.27 < < > >. B-7 67.5.7 < >. B-9 B-7 B-15 D-15 B-15 B-15 B-11 C-7 B-15 67.5.27 67.5.30 67.5.30 67.6.1 67.6.10 67.6.12 67.15 67.6.22 67.6.25 < >. < >. < < > >.. < >. < >. < >.. < < > >. - 240 -
B-15 B-7 B-15 B-7 67.6.26 67.7.3 67.7.4 67.8.16 < >. <, >. < < > >. < >. 67.10.9 < > 2.8. C-0 C-1 B-15 C-6,15 67.10.15 67.10.27 67.11.2 67.11.24. < > *. < >.. - 241 -
B-15 B-0 B-15 67.12.24 67.12.27 67.12.28 < < > 2.8 >. < < > >. < < > >. - 242 -
- 243 -
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B-15 B-15 68.2.12 68.2.14 < < > >. < < > >. C-11 C-0 B-0 B-9 B-15 B-15 B-7 68.2.17 < < > >. 68.2.2 1. 68.2.26 < >. 68.3.26 68.3.29 68.4.6 68.4.16 < >. < > < < > >. < > < >. < >. - 245 -
B-3 B-15 B-7 B-15 B-8 C-6 C-6 B-0 68.4.16 68.4.18 68.4.27 68.4.28 68.5.20 68.5.23 68.6.8 68.6.15 68.7.4 < < > < > >. < < > >. <, >. < < < > > >. <, >. < >. < >. < < > >. < > < >. - 246 -
B-6 B-15 68.7.16 68.7.31 < >. < < > < > >. B-3 68.8.12 < > < < > > >. < 68.8.13 < > < >. B-9 B-15 68.8.18 68.8.26 < >. < 2.8 >. B-7 C-0 68.8.27 68.9.14 68.9.16 < >. < 2.8 >.. B-0 68.9.20 < >. - 247 -
B-6 B-0 B-0 B-0 B-0 B-15 B-9 B-6 B-15 68.9.20 68.10.2 68.10.3 68.10.8 68.10.10 68.10.13 68.10.16 68.10.24 68.10.27 68.10.28,, < >. < >. < >. < >. < > < >. < > < > < < > >. < >. < >. 5. < < > >. - 248 -
B-6 B-0 B-15 B-0 68.10.30 68.11.1 68.11.3 68.11.5 < >. < >. < < > < > >. < < >. > B-15 C-1 68.11.13 68.11.15 < < > > < >. < >. C-0 68.11.20 68.11.23.. B-0 68.11.26 < >. C-6 68.11.29. - 249 -
- 250 -
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B-15 69.4.22 < < > >. B-15 B-7 69.4.23 69.4.24 < < > 3 >. < >. B-0 B-2 B-0 B-0 C-7 B-7 C-7 69.4.26 69.4.28 69.4.29 69.4.29 69.5.1 69.5.4 69.5.4 < >. < >. < >. < >.,. < >. - 255 -.
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B-15 B-7 B-2 B-15 B-8 B-7 B-6 69.5.25 69.6.1 69.6.2 69.6.3 69.6.6 7 69.6.9 14 69.6.20 69.6.25 69.6.26 69.7.1 < < > >. < >. < >. < >. < >. < >. < < > >.... < > < > < > - 257 -
69.7.4 < > < > B-1 C-12 C-1 C-9 69.7.8 69.7.10 69.7.12 69.7.14 < < > >.. < >.. C-6 B-11 C-6 69.8.3 69.8.4 69.8.4. < > < >.. C-0 69.8.16. B-11 69.8.25 * < >. - 258 -
C-2 D-15 69.8.26. 69.8.29 * < >. B-6 B-0 B-15 B-15 B-15 B-15 69.8.30 69.9.3 69.9.4 69.9.6 69.9.6 69.9.11 < >. < >. < < > >. < < > >. < < > > < >. B-7 B-12 69.9.11 69.9.15 69.9.16 < < > >. <, >. < >. - 259 -.
B-15 B-7 B-15 B-15 C-6 B-15 C-0 69.9.18 69.9.19 69.9.20 69.9.26 69.9.27 69.10.1 69.10.4 69.10.7 69.10.10 < < > >. < >. < >. < < > >. < < > >.,. < < >(< > >). < < > 2 >. < >. - 260 -
B-15 C-7 B-7 B-0 C-7 B-15 C-9 B-7 B-15 69.10.11 69.10.11 69.10.12 69.10.16 69.10.24 69.11.4 69.11.5 69.11.7 69.11.8 < < > < > >.,. < >. < >.,. < >.. < >. < < > >. - 261 -
B-15 B-15 69.11.12 69.11.20 < >. < < > >. B-15 B-15 B-6 B-15 B-6 B-7 B-0 69.11.21 < < > < > >. 69.11.21 < < > >. 69.11.25 < > 69.11.26. < > < > 2 < > 69.12.3. < > 69.12.9 < >. <, 69.12.10 >. B-15 69.12.15 < < > >. C-1 69.12.28 < < > 2 >. < >, - 262 - < > 2.
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B-0 70. 1. 12 15 < >. B-1 B-7 C-12 C-6 C-9 70.1.16 70.1.18 70.1.19 70.1.20 70.1.23 70.1.26 70.1.26 < >. < >. < > < >. < >.... - 264 -
C-2 70.1.27 < * > < >. C-8 D-15 D-15 C-0 C-6 C-7 70.1.28 70.2.2 70.2.2 70.2.4 70.2.4 70.2.8 70.2.9 < >. * < >(< >).. *. 5. < >. < > < > - 265 -. *
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- 267 -
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- 279 -
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C-7 C-12 70.8.10 70.8.18 70.8.19 70.8.20 70.9.5 70.9.11 70.9.11 70.9.15 < * >(36 ). 2.8.. * < > ( ). * < > < >. * < >. * < >. 5. - 281 -
C-7 70.9.15 70.9.15 <36 > *.. C-0 70.9.18 70.9.19 < >.. C-8 C-7 70.9.22 70.9.2 3 25 70.9.25 < < > >.. 70.10.1. < >. - 282 -
- 283 -
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C-11 C-11 70.10.18 70.10.21 70.10.23 70.11.2 70.11.4 70.11.5 70.11.19 70.11.20 < >, < >. * < > 5. * < >. 5. 5. 5. * < >. * < > < >. - 285 -
C-12 70.11.23. 70.11.24 70.11.27 70.12.2 70.12.5 70.12.7 < >. * < >. < >. 2.8 < >. * D-15 C-12 B-12 C-9 70.12.15 70.12.15 70.12.19 70.12.20 < >.. 2.8. < >. - 286 -.
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B-7 B-12 C-12 C-9 C-9 B-15 C-0 71.7.2 71.7.6 71.7.8 71.7.8 71.7.13 71.7.13 71.7.14 71.7.18 71.7.22 < >,. < > *. < >. < >. 2.8... < >. < > 2.8,. - 296 -
71.7.27 < > >. < B-0 B-0 C-11 71.7.31 71.8.3 71.8.5 71.8.6 < < > >. < >. * < >( 197 1.1 6). < >. C-9 C-3 71.8.7 < > < >. 71.8.19 2.8. 71.8.20 * < >. - 297 -
C-0 B-0 71.8.2 1 71.8.27 2.8 2.8. < >. C-0 C-0 C-7 C-0 D-6 71.8.30 71.9.4 71.9.15 71.9.18 71.9.18 71.9.2 1 71.9.23 *. * < >( ). * < >( )... * < >. * < >. - 298 -
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72.1.7 < >. C-0 72.1.7 60. 72.1.9 25 < >,< >. C-6 C-9 72.1.15 < >. 72.1.16,. C-6 72.1.16 < > >. < 72.1.24 60. - 303 -
C-8 B-8 B-0 D-15 C-0 D-15 C-12 C-6 72.1.25 72.1.26 72.1.26 72.1.26 72.2.1 72.2.3 72.2.3 72.2.5 72.2.9 72.2.10 < >.. < >. < >. < >. < > 6 25.. < >.. < >. * 2.8 < > * * < > * - 304 -
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72.6.2 1 < > *. 72.7.6 < >, < * >. C-3 72.7.12 < > *. 72.7.15 < > * < >. C-9 C-9 C-9 72.7.17 72.7.26 72.8.7 18.. < > 18. C-8 72.8.10. B-1 72.8.11 < >. - 310 -
B-7 72.8.14 72.8.29 <, >. < >. C-13 72.8.30 72.8.31 72.9.15 < * > < >. < * >( ) < >.,,. C-9 C-1 72.9.19 72.9.30 72.10.12 72.10.19 < * >... 2.8 < > < >. - 311 -
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D-15 B-0 B-15 C-9 C-9 C-9 C-9 73.8.23 73.8.30 73.9.1 73.9.5 73.9.8 73.9.24 73.10.5 73.10.15 73.10.20 < > *. < < >. > < < > >. < > < >. < >. < * >.. < * >. *, 6.25. - 320 -
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