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Original Article J Sasang Constitut Med 2015;27(2):231-239 http://dx.doi.org/10.7730/jscm.2015.27.2.231 수식관호흡이사상체질에미치는영향 배효상ㆍ김지환ㆍ이용재ㆍ손한범ㆍ박성식 동국대학교한의과대학사상체질과 Abstract The Effects of Breath-Counting Meditation on Sasang Constitution Hyo-Sang Bae, Ji-Hwan Kim, Yong-Jae Lee, Han-Beom Son, Seong-Sik Park Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Dongguk University Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out whether or not there are differences of effects when we count breaths on inspiration or expiration, and how differently the effects show up according to gender or Sasang Constitution Methods A group of 79 participants were enrolled and diagnosed Sasang Constitution by Sasang Constitution Diagnosis System of the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. Physical responses to respiratory changes were measured by Biofeedback sensors that were attached to the participants while they were seated comfortably on a sofa and breathing normally without counting for 5 minutes, counting on inspiration for 5 minutes, and counting on expiration for 5 minutes. Results and Conclusions 1. Mean heart rate and respiration rate decreased in association with breathing counting on inspiration and expiration more than breathing normally without counting. Especially respiration rate was stabilized during counting on inspiration and mean heart rate was stabilized during counting on expiration. 2. Interaction between breathing methods and gender did not appear. In comparison between gender, LF/HF ratio was higher in male during breathing normally without counting and counting on inspiration. Body temperature was higher in male during counting on inspiration and expiration. 3. Interaction between breathing methods and Sasang Constitution did not appear. In comparison between Sasang Constitution, mean heart rate was higher in Soyang-in, Soeum-in than Taeeum-in and abdominal amplitude was lower in Taeeum-in than Soeum-in. Key Words : Breath-Counting Meditation, Sasang Constitution, Biofeedback Received June 1, 2015 Revised June 1, 2015 Accepted June 23, 2015 Corresponding Author Seong-Sik Park Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Bundang Korean medical hospital of Dongguk university, 87-2, Sunae 3-dong Bundang-gu, Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-865, Rep. of Korea. Tel: +82-31-710-3723 Fax: +82-31-710-3780 E-mail: parkss@dongguk.ac.kr C The Society of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. All rights reserved. This is an open acess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons attribution Non-commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/)

232 Effects of Breath-Counting Meditation on Sasang Constitution Ⅰ. 緖論 Ⅱ. 硏究對象및方法 이제마는肺와肝은氣液을呼吸하는門戶로, 脾와腎은水穀을出納하는府庫로설명하였다. 사상인중에서태양인 태음인은肺肝의大小와관련된氣液之氣의관계로, 소양인 소음인은脾腎의大小와관련된水穀之氣의관계로설정하였다 1. 그러므로사상의학의氣液代謝에는호흡의의미가내포되어있다고볼수있다. 하지만지금까지사상체질적관점에서호흡의영향에대해행해진연구는미흡한실정이다. 최근호흡이인체에미치는영향에대한연구로는호흡알아차림명상 (Breathing awareness meditation) 2, 요가 3, 마음챙김명상 (Mindfulness mediation) 4 의효과에대한보고들이있고, 호흡명상이불안장애에효과가있으며 5, 호흡명상은또한기억과집중력에영향을미친다는보고 6 가있다. 이러한여러명상법중수식관명상은호흡시에숫자를세면서호흡의길이를일정하게하고호흡에정신을집중하는방법으로불교경전인대안반수의경 ( 大安般守意經 ) 에서그유래를찾을수있다 7. 수식관시호흡은호흡이들어오고나가는것에정신을집중하여마음의안정을찾는것이므로초보자도스스로행할수있다 8. 기존의호흡관련연구들은연구자가청각 9 및시각 10 등에의한방법으로피험자의호흡을통제하는방식으로행해지며 11 또한들숨날숨의비율과같은호흡양상을통제한심박변이도 (Heart rate variability; HRV) 관련연구 12 도있다. 이러한방식은호흡을통제하여유의한결과를얻을수있다는장점이있으나통제된호흡은오히려피험자에게스트레스로작용할수있으며초보자가따라하기에는어려움이따를수있다. 이에본연구에서는수식관명상을행할때들숨 ( 吸 ) 과날숨 ( 呼 ) 의비율을통제하지않고단지집중하는것만으로도인체에미치는영향이있는지를찾아보고나아가체질에따른차이를찾아보고자하였다. 1. 연구대상및제외기준본연구는동국대한의학과학생중충분한설명을듣고자발적으로서면동의를마친 79명에대하여실시되었다. 시험시작전 1개월내자율신경계에영향을줄수있는고혈압, 부정맥등의심장질환이나당뇨병이있거나, β-blocker 또는신경안정제를복용하거나, 기질적인장애나정신질환을가진자는제외되었다. 또한실험전날과로하거나알코올이나카페인을복용한자, 그밖에피험자의과거력이나현재의상태가시험결과에영향을미치거나피험자에게위험이있을것으로판단되어지는자, 임신한자는연구에서제외되었다. 연구도중 1명의피험자가개인적인사유로실험을완료하지못했으므로최종적으로분석된대상자는 78명이였다. 본연구는동국대학교 Institutional Review Board (IRB) 로부터승인을받은후절차에따라진행되었다. 2. 연구방법 1) 호흡방법본실험에서는가부좌와같은자세의경우본피험자가초보자임을고려하여생략하여의자에편안히앉아있도록변경되었다. 또한눈을반쯤여는행위는초보자의집중에방해가될수있으므로호흡하는동안눈을감도록지시했다. 피험자들은실험이시작되기전호흡방법에대한충분한설명을들은후실험에참가하였으며다음의총 3가지호흡법을순차적으로행하였다. (1) 5분동안의자연스러운호흡 ( 평소호흡 ) (2) 5분동안매들숨에마음속으로숫자를부여하는호흡 ( 들숨집중호흡 ) (3) 5분동안매날숨에마음속으로숫자를부여하는호흡 ( 날숨집중호흡 )

HS Bae et al. 233 또한본실험의피험자는호흡법의초보자이므로장시간호흡에집중하면서스트레스를받을수도있었다. 그러므로우리는각호흡법의시간을 5분으로설정하고이시간동안에는피험자가눈을감은채자율적으로호흡을행하도록했다. 연구자는 5분을측정하여시간이지나면구두로알린후, 피험자가 1분간휴식한후에다음호흡을쉬도록지시했다. 휴식중에도특별한신체의움직임없이눈을뜨고있는정도의앉아있는자세를유지하도록하여다음호흡에영향을끼치지않도록지시했다. 2) 측정방법실험은오전 9시에서 11시사이에조용한방에서행해졌다. 피험자는의자에앉은상태로호흡에대한설명을들은후눈을감은채안정하도록한후연구자는호흡중다양한생리지표를동시에측정하기위하여 ProComp 바이오피드백 (Korea medical technology, http://www.kmtec.com, Korea) 의센서를피험자에게장착하였다. 호흡수와흉강및복강의진폭은가슴과배에장착된채센서에연결된두개의전기유도용적계벨트 (inductive plethysmographic belts) 를통해측정되었다. 평균심박수, 심박수의표준편차, 심장박동으로인해발생하는정상 R파간격의표준편차 (Standard deviation of N-N intervals; SDNN) 과심장박동을주파수영역으로변환후도출되는저주파영역 (Low frequency; LF; 0.04 ~ 0.15Hz) 과고주파영역 (High frequency; HF; 0.15 ~ 0.4Hz) 의강도, 그리고 LF/HF의비율은좌측검지손가락에장착된적외선광혈량계 (Infra-red photo plethysmography) 에의해측정되었다. 피부전도도와체온은각각좌측새끼손가락과좌측아래팔중앙에부착된센서에의해측정되었다. 바이오피드백측정은휴식기에는중단되었고각호흡중에만측정되었다. 3) 사상체질진단체질진단을위해한의학연구원의 SCAT2 ( 안면, 음 성, 체형, 설문기반 ) 13 의결과를참조하여사상체질전문의 1인이피험자의체질을최종판단하였다. 본연구대상 79명중태양인으로판별된피험자는없었다. 4) 통계분석측정된각데이터들은전처리된후 PC용 SPSS (IBM SPSS Inc. version 20) 로분석되었다. 각호흡별 ( 평소호흡, 들숨집중호흡, 날숨집중호흡 ) 개체내측정치의변화는반복측정분산분석 (post HOC : LSD) 을통해분석되었다. 반복측정분산분석에서는호흡과참여집단의교호작용여부와군간차이를확인하였다. 군간차이가있는경우집단내변화추이를살펴보기위해추가적으로통계분석을실시하였다. 한종류의호흡법에서남 / 녀군개체간차이를보기위해독립 t-test가행해졌으며, 한종류의호흡법의범주에서체질 ( 소음 / 소양 / 태음 ) 군개체간차이를보기위해일원분산분석이행해졌다. 반복측정분산분석에서종속변수가구형성가정을만족하지않는경우에는 Greenhouse-geisser의방법이나 Huynh-Feldt 방법으로유의성을검정했다. 모든분석에있어서 p값이 0.05 미만일때유의성이있는것으로판단하였다. 지표들의모든수치는평균 ± 표준편차로표시하였다. Ⅲ. 結果 1. 조사대상자의성별, 연령및사상인분포최종대상자 78명 ( 남성 50명 ; 64.1%, 여성 28명 ; 35.9%) 의평균연령은 26.3세 ( 남성 26.7세, 여성 25.5 세 ) 였다. 사상체질별분포는소음인 35명 (44.9%), 소양인 13명 (16.7%), 태음인 30명 (38.5%) 이였다 (Table 1). 2. 호흡법에따른전체 78명피험자의생리지표 Table 2에서보듯이 78명의평균심박수는평소호흡보다들숨집중호흡, 날숨집중호흡순으로감소했으

234 Effects of Breath-Counting Meditation on Sasang Constitution Table 1. Gender and Constitutional Distribution (n=78) Soeum Soyang Taeeum Taeyang SUM Male 22(44%) 8(16%) 20(40%) 0 50(100%) Female 13(46.4%) 5(17.9%) 10(35.7%) 0 28(100%) 35(44.9%) 13(16.7%) 30(38.5%) 0 78(100%) Table 2. Physiological Indexes on All Subject according to Breathing Methods Breathing methods NCB CIB CEB Heart Rate (beats/min) 71.62±9.40 c 70.55±9.10 b 69.93±8.98 a HR std. dev.(beats/min) 4.49±1.93 a 5.84±3.81 b 5.58±3.61 b SDNN (ms) 53.34±21.14 a 66.46±32.63 b 66.75±36.20 b LF (ms 2 ) 240.35±281.40 a 439.06±544.23 b 470.41±632.57 b HF (ms 2 ) 175.16±207.16 a 302.94±479.24 b 323.6±698.41 b LF/HF ratio 2.04±1.91 2.56±3.02 2.51±2.20 Skin conductance (mv) 0.6±0.55 0.59±0.67 0.6±0.74 Temperature ( ) 32.13±2.06 a 32.31±2.05 b 32.32±2.12 b Respiration Rate (breaths/min) 13.73±2.90 c 12.02±2.83 a 12.72±2.95 b Abdominal amplitude (cm) 3.07±1.69 a 3.72±2.25 b 3.28±2.13 a Thoracic amplitude (cm) 1.67±1.06 a 2.36±1.67 c 1.96±1.40 b NCB : Non-counting breathing CIB : Counting-on-inspiration breathing CEB : Counting-on-expiration breathing HR std. dev. : standard deviation of heart rate SDNN : Standard deviation of N-N intervals LF : Low Frequency power; HF : High Frequency power a, b, c : The figures sharing the same alphabet subscript in the line of each index were not statistically significant with each other (p<0.05). 며각호흡법간의차이는통계적으로유의했다 (p<0.05). 호흡수에서는평소호흡보다날숨집중, 들숨집중순으로감소했다 (p<0.05). 흉강진폭은들숨집중, 날숨집중, 표준호흡순으로감소했다 (p<0.05). 심박수의표준편차, SDNN, LF, HF, 그리고평균체온의경우평소호흡보다들숨집중및날숨집중에서증가했다 (p<0.05). 반면복강진폭에서는들숨집중이평소호흡, 날숨집중보다높았다 (p<0.05). 3. 호흡법에따른성별간의생리지표 Table 3에서보듯이전체피험자를남성과여성의 2개군으로나눈후, 반복측정분산분석을시행한결과, 피부전도도를제외한모든측정치에서호흡법과성별간의교호작용을보이지않았다. 또한교호작용을보인피부전도도에서는각호흡법에대해성별 군간의유의한차이는나타나지않았다. 한편교호작용이없었던다른지표들의경우를살펴보면 LF/HF 비는평소호흡과들숨집중호흡에서남성이여성보다높았으며통계적으로도유의한차이를보였다 (p<0.05). 체온에있어서는평소호흡, 들숨및날숨집중호흡에서남성이여성보다높았다 (p<0.05). 하지만평균심박수, 심박수의표준편차, SDNN, LF, HF, 피부전도도, 호흡수, 복강진폭, 흉강진폭은성별차이를보이지않았다. 4. 호흡법에따른체질별생리지표 Table 4에서보듯이사상체질별로반복측정분산분석을시행한결과, 모든측정지표에서호흡법과체질간의교호작용이보이지않았다. 각호흡법에서체질군간에는평균심박수, 복강진폭에서만통계적으로

HS Bae et al. 235 Table 3. Physiological Indexes by Gender according to Breathing Methods Breathing methods NCB CIB CEB Male 70.98±9.09 70.02±8.27 69.27±8.25 Heart Rate (beats/min) Female 72.77±9.99 71.5±10.52 71.1±10.23 HR std. dev. (beats/min) SDNN (ms) LF (ms 2 ) HF (ms 2 ) LF/HF ratio Skin conductance (mv) Temperature ( ) Respiration Rate (breaths/min) Abdominal amplitude (cm) Thoracic amplitude (cm) Male 4.66±2.20 6.43±4.43 5.99±4.21 Female 4.17±1.27 4.78±1.99 4.85±2.06 Male 55.96±21.97 71.75±36.01 71.83±39.23 Female 48.68±19.06 57.02±23.21 57.69±28.48 Male 262.11±265.75 525.1±619.83 543.75±639.29 Female 201.49±308.58 285.41±330.54 339.44±609.67 Male 166.19±205.28 334.3±552.03 362.52±833.6 Female 191.16±213.31 246.94±311.27 254.1±349.49 Male 2.37±2.18 b 3.04±3.57 b 2.82±2.19 Female 1.45±1.09 a 1.70±1.32 a 1.95±2.15 Male 0.67±0.56 0.72±0.78 0.72±0.88 Female 0.50±0.53 0.37±0.29 0.39±0.32 Male 32.64±1.21 b 32.87±1.12 b 32.87±1.20 b Female 31.22±2.85 a 31.32±2.84 a 31.35±2.94 a Male 13.48±2.84 11.8±2.98 12.52±3.17 Female 14.17±3.00 12.4±2.55 13.08±2.54 Male 3.20±1.77 3.95±2.42 3.4±2.04 Female 2.83±1.54 3.31±1.89 3.07±2.32 Male 1.64±1.11 2.36±1.71 1.93±1.46 Female 1.72±1.00 2.36±1.63 2.02±1.30 NCB : Non-counting breathing CIB : Counting-on-inspiration breathing CEB : Counting-on-expiration breathing HR std. dev. : standard deviation of heart rate SDNN : Standard deviation of N-N intervals a, b : The figures sharing the same alphabet subscript in the line of each index were not statistically significant with each other (p<0.05). 유의한차이가나타났다. 평균심박수의경우평소호흡과날숨집중시에는소양인과소음인이태음인보다높은반면 (p<0.05), 들숨집중시에는소음인이태음인보다높았다 (p<0.05). 복강진폭은모든호흡시소음인이태음인보다유의하게높았다 (p<0.05). 하지만흉강진폭, 심박수의표준편차, SDNN, LF, HF, LF/HF, 피부전도도, 체온, 호흡수는체질간차이가나타나지않았다. Ⅳ. 考察 사상의학에서호흡에대한언급을살펴보면, 東醫壽世保元 에서는소음인이평소에간간히한숨 을쉬는경우가있고 1, 東醫壽世保元四象草本卷 에서는태양인과소양인은잠잘때호흡이완만하면서단정하고넓게누워고요하면서무거우면좋다고하였고, 태음인과소음인은잠잘때호흡이크고웅장하고돌아눕는데힘이있으면좋다고하였다 14. 이러한내용으로볼때호흡특성의차이가사상체질별로나타날수있음을추측할수있다. 우리는자율적인수식관호흡을행할때들숨에집중하거나날숨에집중하는것에따라신체에나타나는다른영향의결과를살펴보고, 그러한차이가성별이나사상체질별로어떻게다르게반영되는지를살펴보고자했다. 전체피험자의들숨집중호흡과날숨집중호흡이평소호흡과어떤차이를보이는지를관찰한결과, 평소호흡에비해들숨혹은날숨집중호흡시심박수, 호흡

236 Effects of Breath-Counting Meditation on Sasang Constitution Table 4. Physiological Indexes by Constitutional Type according to Breathing Methods Breathing methods NCB CIB CEB Soeum 73.31±10.84 b 72.69±10.04 b 72.02±10.53 b Heart Rate Soyang 74.64±8.09 b 72.77±8.54 ab 72.43±6.70 b (beats/min) Taeeum 68.35±7.15 a 67.09±7.18 a 66.41±6.70 a HR std. dev. (beats/min) SDNN (ms) LF (ms 2 ) HF (ms 2 ) LF/HF ratio Skin conductance (mv) Temperature ( ) Respiration Rate (breaths/min) Abdominal amplitude (cm) Thoracic amplitude (cm) Soeum 4.36±1.11 6.06±4.24 5.7±3.86 Soyang 4.27±1.39 5.38±2.01 4.94±1.93 Taeeum 4.73±2.74 5.78±3.95 5.72±3.93 Soeum 51.02±18.6 64.42±29.05 67.12±41.15 Soyang 46.39±16.79 58.12±22.89 56.27±22.40 Taeeum 59.07±24.54 72.46±39.34 70.88±34.92 Soeum 229.98±311.80 411.46±451.50 520.18±761.36 Soyang 205.39±233.53 373.82±320.87 364.44±384.51 Taeeum 267.6±268.82 499.53±705.84 458.26±559.89 Soeum 168.95±203.55 294.32±431.99 369.56±910.26 Soyang 121.19±136.19 185.30±175.54 159.40±154.37 Taeeum 205.79±235.32 363.97±606.75 341.14±546.70 Soeum 2.06±2.16 2.58±3.11 2.72±2.55 Soyang 2.06±1.51 2.88±2.99 3.06±2.49 Taeeum 2.01±1.80 2.39±3.02 2.02±1.51 Soeum 0.66±0.61 0.64±0.80 0.62±0.85 Soyang 0.65±0.64 0.61±0.45 0.66±0.47 Taeeum 0.52±0.44 0.53±0.58 0.56±0.73 Soeum 31.71±2.36 32.07±2.30 32.13±2.27 Soyang 32.39±1.78 32.45±1.94 32.39±2.19 Taeeum 32.5±1.75 32.53±1.81 32.52±1.94 Soeum 13.57±3.03 11.73±2.92 12.59±3.21 Soyang 14.65±2.60 13.35±2.59 13.62±2.68 Taeeum 13.51±2.87 11.78±2.75 12.49±2.77 Soeum 3.47±1.99 b 4.36±2.92 b 3.89±2.79 b Soyang 3.15±1.56 ab 3.61±1.65 ab 3.28±1.41 ab Taeeum 2.56±1.20 a 3.02±1.15 a 2.57±1.07 a Soeum 1.79±1.21 2.43±1.78 2.15±1.66 Soyang 1.28±0.80 1.95±1.48 1.65±1.41 Taeeum 1.70±0.97 2.46±1.64 1.88±1.03 NCB : Non-counting breathing CIB : Counting-on-inspiration breathing CEB : Counting-on-expiration breathing HR std. dev. : Standard deviation of heart rate SDNN : Standard deviation of N-N intervals LF : Low Frequency power; HF : High Frequency power a, b : The figures sharing the same alphabet subscript in the line of each index were not statistically significant with each other (p<0.05). 수가감소하였고, 심박수의표준편차, SDNN, LF, HF, 체온은증가했다 (p<0.05). 심박변이도는시간에따른심박수의변화를분석하는도구로심장의자율신경기능을파악하는데사용되는데 SDNN은심박변이도의주파수영역의지표인 Total power 와비례한다 15. 또한 LF는주로교감신경의반응과일부부교감신경반응을반영하며, HF는주로호흡의변화에대한부교 감신경의반응을반영한다 16. 심박변이도가낮을경우고혈압등의신체적문제가생길수있으며 17, 높을경우자기조절력과적응력이향상된다 18 는보고가있었다. 우리연구결과에서심박수의표준편차, SDNN, LF, HF가평소호흡에비해들숨혹은날숨집중호흡에서증가하였다는것은들숨이나날숨에집중하는것만으로도교감신경과부교감신경의자율신

HS Bae et al. 237 경활동이전반적으로증가하여신체에긍정적인효과를나타낼수있음을보여준다. 이와유사한결과로이 19 는수식관명상으로 Total power 와 SDNN 이증가되었다고보고하였는데, 피험자가 10명이고 15일간반복한후나온결과였다는점과호흡수에대한관찰이없다는점이다르다. 하지만본연구에서는 5분간의수식관호흡도중에측정한 SDNN, LF, 그리고 HF 가증가되는것을확인하였으므로아마도우리연구에서의변화들이지속적으로계속된다면누적효과도기대해볼수있다. 결국본연구에서는평소호흡에비해수식관호흡은호흡수를감소시키고심박수또한감소시켜서호흡과심장의활동을평소호흡보다상대적으로안정시키는반면, 심박변이도와연관된자율신경계는활성화시키는것으로생각된다. 한편들숨집중수식관호흡과날숨집중수식관호흡간의차이를살펴보면호흡수는들숨집중수식관호흡이날숨집중수식관호흡보다낮으나평균심박수는날숨집중수식관호흡이들숨집중수식관호흡보다낮았다. 들숨집중호흡은평소호흡에비해흉강과복강을모두사용한반면, 날숨집중호흡은평소호흡에비해흉강만사용한다는차이를보인다. 들숨집중호흡시에는무의식적으로흡기량을길게가져가기위해흉강과복강을모두사용한것으로보이고, 날숨집중호흡시에는호기량을길게할때복식호흡에익숙하지않은바평소호흡보다도호기가더쉬운흉강을주로사용하고복강을덜사용한것으로보인다. 결국흉복강을모두사용한들숨집중호흡이날숨집중호흡보다도충분히느린호흡수를나타내는것으로보인다. 하지만호흡수가감소하게되면부교감신경이우세하게되어이에따라 RSA (Respiratory sinus arrhythmia) 현상 20 으로인해심박수가감소해야하지만, 호흡수가가장낮은들숨집중호흡의평균심박수는날숨집중호흡보다높다 (p<0.05). 그러므로이러한결과를볼때평소호흡보다들숨과날숨집중수식관호흡모두호흡수나평균심박수를감소시키지만, 호흡수는들숨집중호흡에서, 평균심박수는날숨집중호흡 에서감소효과가상대적으로더나타나는것으로보인다. 남녀성별군간비교에서피부전도도를제외하고는호흡법과성별간의교호작용은없었다. 게다가교호작용이있는피부전도도도군간의차이는없었다. 즉, 성별은수식관호흡에큰영향을끼치지못하는것으로보인다. 다만 LF/HF 비율에서는남성이여성보다평소호흡과들숨집중호흡에서높았으며, 체온의경우평소호흡, 들숨및날숨집중호흡에서남성이여성보다높았다 (p<0.05). 정 8 의연구에서는 10분간의수식관호흡을 HRV로측정한결과남녀모두호흡후 LF의증가및 HF의유의한감소를보였고 LF/HF 는증가의경향을보여남녀간의경향성의차이는나타나지않았다. 다만평균값의경우 LF/HF 가남성이여성보다항상높았다는점은우리의결과와유사했으나해당연구에서남녀차이의통계적인검증은없었으므로우리의실험과비교할수는없었다. 사상체질별비교에서호흡법과사상체질간의교호작용은나타나지않았다. 즉, 수식관호흡으로사상체질간의차이가나타나지않는것으로보인다. 호흡수및자율신경에관련된다른지표들에서도통계적인차이가나타나지않았다. 하지만복강진폭과평균심박수에서사상체질간차이를보였다. 복강진폭에서는평소호흡, 들숨및날숨집중호흡에서태음인이소음인보다낮았다 (p<0.05). 또한평균심박수의경우평소호흡, 들숨및날숨집중호흡에서태음인이소음인에비해낮은심박수를보였다 (p<0.05). 이제마는태음인맥은張而緊하고소음인맥은緩而弱한것으로설명하여체질별맥의차이를언급하였다 1. 그러나이것은단순이맥의遲數을중심으로언급한것은아니다. 그러므로이러한평소호흡방식과심박수에대한체질별차이에대한보다많은근거가필요할것으로보인다. 결론적으로수식관호흡은평소호흡에비해호흡수나평균심박수를감소시키며, 호흡수는들숨집중의수식관호흡에서, 평균심박수는날숨집중의수식관호흡에서감소효과가상대적으로나타나는것으로보인

238 Effects of Breath-Counting Meditation on Sasang Constitution 다. 하지만성별에따른평소호흡, 들숨및날숨집중수식관호흡의교호작용이나, 체질에따른호흡법들의교호작용은뚜렷하지않았다. 본연구의한계로는사상체질별피험자수가고르지않았다는점과, 초보자를대상으로호흡을시행한점과, 반복측정이없었다는점이있다. 그러므로향후체질별로충분한숫자의피험자를모집하거나, 호흡숙련자를대상으로혹은호흡요소를통제한상태에서사상체질과호흡법과의관련성에대한연구를진행할필요도있다고생각된다. Ⅴ. 結論 바이오피드백기기를통하여사상체질에따라수식관호흡이신체에미친영향을분석한결과는다음과같다. 1. 수식관호흡은평소호흡에비해호흡수나평균심박수를감소시키지만, 특히호흡수는들숨집중호흡에서, 평균심박수는날숨집중호흡에서감소효과가상대적으로우세한것으로보인다. 2. 성별에따른평소호흡, 들숨및날숨집중호흡의교호작용이나, 체질에따른호흡법들의교호작용은뚜렷하지않았다. 3. 교호작용과별개로성별의경우, LF/HF 비율에서는남성이여성보다평소호흡과들숨집중호흡에서높았으며, 체온의경우평소호흡, 들숨및날숨집중호흡에서남성이여성보다높았다. 4. 교호작용과별개로사상체질의경우, 복강진폭에서는평소호흡, 들숨및날숨집중호흡에서태음인이소음인보다낮았다. 또한평균심박수의경우평소호흡, 들숨및날숨집중호흡에서태음인이소음인에비해낮은심박수를보였다. VI. 感謝의글 본논문은 2014년정부 ( 교육부 ) 의재원으로한국연구재단의지원을받아수행된연구임. (NRF-2014S1 A5B6A02049047) Ⅶ. References 1. Lee JM. Dongeisusebowon. 2nd rev. Seoul:Yeogang. 2003: 36, 278. (Korean) 2. Barnes VA, Pendergrast RA, Harshfield GA, Treiber FA. Impact of breathing awareness meditation on ambulatory blood pressure and sodium handling in prehypertensive African American adolescents. Ethn Dis. 2008;18(1):1-5. 3. Brown RP, Gerbarg PL. Yoga breathing, meditation, and longevity. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2009;1172:54-62. 4. Ando M, Morita T, Akechi T, Ifuku Y. A qualitative study of mindfulness-based meditation therapy in Japanese cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. 2011; 19(7):929-33. 5. Oh KM, Kim BK. Clinical Report of One Case with Insomnia, Depression and Anxiety Disorder Improved by Traditional Korean Medical Treatment and Breathing Meditation. J Oriental Neuropsychiatry. 2009;20(3):297-307. (Korean) 6. Chung SY, Seo JW, Kim JW, Whang WW, The Effects of Breath Meditation with Neurofeedback on Memory and Concentration of Healthy Adult Volunteers. J Oriental Neuropsychiatry. 2008;19(2):15-39. (Korean) 7. Yun HG. Medical Study of Buddha's Breathing Method in Anapanasati Sutra. Journal of Korean Seon Studies. 2012;33:125-148. (Korean) 8. Jung DJ, Lee JH. The Study on Effects of Breath- Counting Medication According to Personal Characteristics. J Oriental Neuropsychiatry 2014;25(1):39-46.

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