09
09
21 55 1990 21 4
1 2 1920~1930 3 12 2008 3 5
1 011 013 018 032 036 038 054 061 066 068 071 073 078 083 088 092 097 098 102 105 107
110 113 2 119 120 126 133 140 149 152 155 161 171 176 177 179 183 190 200 201 204 205 211 221
227 229 231 236 247 252 3 257 259 263 270 275 284 285 295 303 315 318 320 324 327 335 341
19
19 (nationalism) nation state) 19 1 11
1825 1791 18 19 12
1790 19 1829 1844 1 13
200 14
200 (identity) 1871 18 1 15
18 19 16
rhetoric 1 17
19 18
19 18 19 1 19
20
7 7 7 6 1930 1825 1 21
30 1854 22
1 23
24
1 25
26
19 1 27
18 28
1850 19 1 29
19 30
18 18 18 1 31
17 1825 1930 32
1 33
2002 1 2003 85 2003 14 2003 21 1973 53 1984 29 1980 13 1977 13 5 1996 1990 1997 1974 1975 1992 1951 1987 19 1952 Koschmann, Victor 1987, The Mito Ideology : Discourse, Reform, and Insurrection in Late Tokugawa Japan, 1790~1864, Cal. University of 34
California 1998 :. Tadashi, Wakabayashi and Bob 1986, Anti-Foreignism and Western Learning in Early Modern Japan : The New Thesis of 1825, Cambridge : Harvard University Press. 1 35
1 1932 1929 1932 36
1939 1939 1984 1939 6(1981) 1 37
1880 1900 1 1930 3 1910 1 1920 1930 1930 7 38
13 1880 1887 1901 7~8 1918~1919 1913 1918 1919 1919 1919 1922 1923 1924 1924 1925 1926 1928 1923 1925 5 1930 1 39
6 1931 9 6 7 5 15 8 13 1880 1883 1883 40
34 1901 1 1906 1906 41 1908 43 6~7 1 11 5~6 1 41
1919 1930 1931 1854 4 2 2 42
1871 1873 1874 3 1874 1875 1878 1879 12 1878 1881 1889 1880 1881 1880 1 43
1881 10 1890 1884 1978 44
3 19 1881 1888 4 1889 4 1889 5 1 45
1886 1887 1883 1887 3 1889 5 9 46
1930 1880 1892 2 1901 1908 2 1 2 1888 4 1 47
1880 48
1885 3 16 1888 1888 1880~1890 1 49
1889 1890 1890 11 1 2002 1 (1890.11.29~1891.3.7) 50
11% 4.9% 2,182 2,076 5 1 2 1892 11 29 4 2 20% 2 1892 2 1891 1893 1 51
4 1893 1 12 871 2 1893 2 10 6 30 1 1 1 4 4 1894 8 4 52
1895 3 1891 1898 2 3 1894 1980 1 53
1882 4 6 1889 2 11 10 18 1875 1881 1901 1 1 1918 1918 54
1919 1919 1919 1919 1920 1922 1920 1918 10 3 1918 1 1919 1 55
1919 8 1936 2 26 8 1919 2 4 1 1930 56
1 1920 1929 7 1930 5, 5, 3 70% 70% 69.75% 1930 4 22 12 70% 1930 11 14 1 57
1930 1 1931 9 18 1932 9 1933 3 1932 58
10 1931 1932 1932 2~3 1 59
1932 5 15 5 15 60
1971 1930 1 61
1 3 1930 1935 1935 2 62
1937 1870 1 63
( ) 1931 64
1935 1936 1 1936 2 26 1 65
1936 2 26 2 26 17 2 26 1936 66
1931 1940 1983 1 1937 10 1938 2 30 300 1939 6 8 2 7 8 2 152 2,200 63 3,800 1 67
19 700 1 68
3 1930 1939 1 4 3 1 69
2002 2007 2000 2006 2006 21 2007 26 1998 1995 2 2002 1964 31 1974 44 2 1929~1942 1980 2 1939 43 1 1998 1984 1971 3 1983 1989 5 2 1978 1987 70
1 71
SCAP 72
8 323 8 15 1940 4 1 73
1945 8 12 8 16 12 12 (http://www3. kiwius.com/~ingle/topix-2/atagoyama.html) (35) (30) (19) (33) (32) (18) (22) (32) (29) (35) (29) (27) 2 10 8 22 2 12 (http://www.asahinet.or.jp/~gx8r-mtok/meisyo.html) 1936 74
12 8 22 1 12 3 11 1945 8 23 12 1966 8 23 (http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~un3k-mn/0815- yuukoku.htm) 1939 14 8 25 14 14 (http://a.sanpal.co.jp/hokutoh/shibuya/daitou.html) 1 75
1949 1979 53 8 24 2 2 1980 76
1 1945 12 1 9 1947 1 1943 2 1961 1970 1990 2001 1 77
8 17 1946 78
1937 1941 1946 3 5 1952 4 7 1945 8 28 1 9 2 9 12 100 11 1 79
19 11 12 2 59 12 6 9 A 1945 12 15 80
1946 1 4 1 81
Yamatomusubi 1946 2 9 119 2 22 101 45 75 2 9 1948 5 71 7,415 21 288 3,422 3,381 4 6,276 1951 233 1946 5 82
1946 CIE 1946 1 1 1 83
9 25 27 11 12 84
11 12 1 85
10 1946 5 6 2 8 24 86
1 3 1946 11 3 5 3 6 2 Charles A. Willoughby 1 87
Courtney Whitney 1,000 88
1945 11 12 1945 9 3 1904 1921 1947 4 1 3 1950 4 Chicago Sun Times Mark Gayn 1945 12 9 38 1 89
1946 4 4 10 466 6 2,770 146 258 5 10 6 184 71% 400 90
140 94 14 92 5 119 2 6 1 1 1 1945 12 1946 2 1946 6 1 91
1946 4 1947 92
1951 9 1952 4 1950 10 1 1951 21 20 1951 2 1 5 8 10 11 1952 1 93
A 1953 1952 10 1953 4 94
1952 29 5 1953 21 5 4 1947 1952 1936 1 95
2007) 1997) 2001) 2006) 1945~2005 2000) 2005) 2006) 2006) 2004~2005 1983) 1957) 1990) 1983) 1974) 1990) 1 1983) 1988) 2005) 2006) 1998) 96
1 97
1946 1 A 98
1952 1951 10 1952 4 1952 8 1954 4 1954 4 1954 6 1952 8 1956 1960 1961 1952 1960 1955 1957 1 99
1996 50 1951 1960 1960 1960 1959 1959 1960 1961 1960 1958 1958 1960 1962 100
1961 1969 1954 1960 1960 1960 90% 1960 1 101
2005 : 76 2006 : 74) 3 1960 YP 102
19666 5 1966 11 1969 5 1974 3 1960 1970 1 103
1969 1968 3 1968 1970 11 1972 3 1975 3 1981 9 YP 1977 3 1978 12 104
1974 4 1978 1979 2 6 6 1 105
411 1978 1981 3 1981 10 1983 4 1985 8 1980 106
1970 1970 1980 1988 1992 1992 1980 1990 1 107
1988 9 1989 1 1988 12 8 1980 1991 1980 1990 1993 1993 1993 7 1995 6 50 50 1990 108
1995 1 1997 1 40 1997 1 1998 2001 2001 1 109
1997 5 1,700 12 20~30 50 2 2 900 1 1999 350 6 110
3 3 1958 1960~1970 1969 1969 1970 1978 1972 1979 1977 1981 1978 1972 1972 1980 1981 1 111
1999 2003 YP 112
1980 1993 1 113
1990 11 2006 12 13 2007 12 114
(2007) (2000) (2006) (1989) (1989) (1996) (2006) (1993 (2007) (1983) (2003) (2003) (1995) (2000) (1993) (2000) (2005) (2005) (2006) (1978) (1989) 100 (1996) 1 115
1920 1930
2 1 2 2 GHQ General 2 119
Headquarters 1870 1880 1855 1944 1855 4 12 3 18 120
21 1876 1877 3 31 27 54 5 43 422 20 1873 1876 21 1876 10 28 11 2 121
6 7 8 2 1 1877 9 24 22 1806 3 1865 7 14 16 1 122
12 1877 2 10 10 15 9 1 1867 1871 1871 16 1874 1877 9 2 123
1878 5 14 40 18 1878 9 3 124
1879 1 5 2 1879 2 125
1879 11 3 3 1 1879 12 5 61 20 1879 11 6 8 1 12 17 3 5 126
1881 10 27 1881 9 9 2 1880 1 1881 10 12 9 1890 1881 1881 2 127
1881 9 1882 3 140 1851 1868 1877 1881 128
1889 1894 1850 5 1880 61 2 164 1 1878 1879 3 2 1880 2 129
1880 4 61 3 1 2 3 3 1880 5 1936 1880 5 13 8 31 3 3 130
3 1879 2 9 1880 1883 160 1885 21 2 131
21 24 31 7 8 1884 12 1 1887 12 25 12km 132
3 570 1885 30 15 3 1886 1887 8 11 32 3 2 133
50 1936 4 1871 50 3 1887 134
1888 1 19 37 1889 10 1859 4 1882 1886 4 1887 1889 34 1888 11 2 135
1889 4 5 6 6 8 2 136
3 55 30 20 1889 2 7 1 11 1 15 25 4 46 1.1% 3 8 2 2 1891 5 2 137
12 25 1892 2 15 2 1892 1 3 7 25 388 9 8 1 138
1882 7 2 3 80 2 139
1884 12 2 1881 1882 3 1885 4 1885 5 6 140
30 34 500 11 139 3 2 141
1884 7 8 7 10 1 8 14 90 60 142
1 1887 1894 43 1894 2 143
5 15 6 3 500 1903 144
1901 1904 2 16 5 7 8 1 1,200 1904 1905 2 7 8 5 300 2 145
300 3 10 1898 42 11 31 33 1911 1913 2 13 3 23 146
1913 7 2 1916 4 27 3 3 4 1924 11 4 2 147
1929 6 1 1915 29 11 27 12 2 12 1 1918 7 1923 7 148
1944 10 5 90 (E. Herbert Norman) 2 GHQ 1944 2 149
GHQ 1946 1 4 GHQ 27 8 (Dark Ocean Society ) 150
(2002) (1993) 1 2006 (2002) (1980 (2003) 9. (2001) (2007) (1956) 28 (1974) 9(2) (1969) 14. (1970) 18(4). (1997) (2004) 1. (2007) (2005) (2003) (2002) 109(1/2). (2005) 21. (1917) (1966) 2 151
1874 1901 152
1937 1960 2 153
3 1 154
1919 3 1 3 1 1910 3 1 2 155
3 1 3 1 1920 5 27 1909 12 4 156
1910 2 2 9 2 3 1 1920 7 7 14 18 2 157
12 20 2 3 158
5 15 4 2 2 2 159
5 22 1 65 6 300 160
1921 11 11 17 1 3 1 2 161
2 4 162
13 50 60 2 9 2 163
2 4 3 6 6 42 8 15 3 2 18 3 164
3 1 3 1 2 165
166
4 2 167
1919 3 1 3 1 3 1 1922 3 6 45 168
23 10 3 2 169
5 50 60 3 10 20 24 170
3 1 2 171
172
2 173
(1980) (2002) (2006) (1922 10 30) (2003) 50 (1978) (2002) (1970) (1992) 31 (1929 10) 1 (1922 3) 1919 4 (1967) 26 2 (1920) (1923. 2 (1922. 4 (1922. 7. 24) (1994) 9 (1996) 32 174
(1920. 5. 27) 44 14 (1922 9 23) (1976) (1950) 534(1922. 2. 19 ) 94-15 9 1990 1993 534(1922. 2. 28 ) 94-16 9 703(1922 3 2 ) 94 19 9 (1922) 3 (1989 ) (1963) (1980) 1966 3 5 2(1921. 2) (1921. 7 1540(1922. 3. 6 ) 2 175
1863 1904 1898 1890 176
1930 1863 1879 2 177
1884 7 1885 5 1895 1890 1890 178
1903 1904 1 1 1968 6 1895 2 1903 3 1890 2 179
1902 1892 8 1894 180
1898 1 2 181
1898 11 7 182
3 2 183
1898 1898 4 1898 11 2 35 184
1898 1898 2 185
30 186
60 96 1899 4 1899 1899 5 2 187
1890 5 188
1900 1903 8 1907 2 189
1900 1902 10 21 2,000 11 190
57 1900 8 2 191
192
2 1900 12 20 1902 100 1898 2 193
194
7 1900 12 20 2 195
1902 4 27 1 1898 196
1901 7 12 8 28 3 1902 2 197
1902 2 16 1901 2 28 198
1902 2 199
200
2 201
202
(1938) (1903) (1968) (1941) (2001) (1924) (1978) 1 (1996) 29 (1997) 34 (2001) (1970 8) 83 5 2 203
1920~1930 1920~1930 1930 204
1930 1920 1930 1883 4 3 1888 1897 2 205
18 1900 1902 1901 1903 1906 5 1911 10 206
1913 3 1917 6 1919 5 4 1920~1930 1919 8 3 1918 1918 1920 7 2 207
1923 1886~1957 5 1910 1922 1924 1921 1920 3 1923 12 208
1925. 8 1925. 12 1926. 5 1926. 7 1930 1926 1925 2 26 1901 1922 1925 1926 1927 2 7 40 1931 1930 2 209
2 26 2 26 1936 2 26 1,500 29 2 26 1937 8 2 26 210
1906 23 1916 5 4 1920 1923 1928 12 2 211
1906 5 23 212
1890 2 213
2 214
1911 1919 20 2 215
2 1919 1923 5 4 1 1920 216
1920 1917 1920 1 1 2 217
3 3 1 2 3 218
3 25 3 3 1 2 219
8 15 60 5 15 2 1 10 20 3 220
7 1920~1930 20 1920 2 221
1920 1930 1920 1930 1932 222
1920 1930 1929 1920 1930 1910 2 223
1920 1930 224
1920 1930 2 225
(1996) (1975) (2007) (1959 1972) 3 (1984) (1996) (1979) (1987) (1949) (2005) (1979) White, James W.(1995) Ikki : Social Conflict and Political Protest in Early Modern Japan, New York Cornell University Press. 226
1957 1960 1920 1936 1940 1941 1942 4 1944 1945 2 227
1948 1953 1955 1957 2 1957 1959 1957 1960 1 1987 228
1950 1954 4 8 2005 24 1948 GHQ General Headguarters 1945 2 229
1945 1945 1945 A 1953 4 1957 2 1945 230
1945 1952 2 231
1953 1955 1956 6 1 1957 1958 NBC 9 9 3 2 1958 4 3 1 232
1964 1958 10 8 2 2 233
1951 9 8 Security Treaty between Japan and the United States of America, 1952. 4. 28 3 C 51 1951 3 2km 234
1960 1 19 Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between Japan and the United States of America, 1960. 6. 23 10 1 1960 1 19 6 1970 9 2 235
9 1945 236
1898 11 13 4 6 19 2 237
35 3 238
3 3 1914 1 1911 1912~1926 1945 3 1 2 239
1914 8 1 21 1917 240
1920 1 1918 1 1917 1918 7 20 1918 9 1921 3 1919 1 1 3 1 5 4 2 241
1 23 1906 242
1916 1919 1920 1 1919 1923 3 2 243
1 8 244
1936 2 26 1916 11 1917 1918 2 245
1936 10 1920 1 P. A. Kropotkin 246
1919 1920 7 2 2 247
2 1920 1936 16 1936 1939 19 1925 1926 1 1929 7 1931 4 248
1920 1930 1917 1 1923 1927 1928 1 5 5 1 5 2 249
1930 1945 1935 1931 9 1932 3 40 1936 3 250
5 1939 1 1941 10 1942 1943 1944 6 1945 9 A 2 251
1948 12 1930 1945 252
(1997) (2002) 15 (2007) 35-1 (2007) 35-1 (2007) 35-1 (2007) 35-1 (2007) 60 35-1 (2007) 35-1 (2007) 35-1 (1981) (1983) (1983) (2007) 35-1 (1995) (2003) (2007) 35-1 (2003) (1982) (2007) 35-1 2 253
1997 3 257
80 258
1970 2000 3 259
1873 1874 1877 260
1876 1877 1881 1 2 3 261
1930 1936 2 26 262
3 263
1946 1 4 27 2 22 210 350 400 264
1945 9 1 3 1948 1951 3 265
1970 1980 1970 2 26 266
2 26 3 1969 5 1993 1970 YP 2 3 267
YP 1986. 10. 22 268
1956 12 1 1957 1960 3 269
1990 1989 1 9 1989. 1. 23 9 270
9 1993 10 20 3 271
11 23 1990 40 272
3 1 3 273
1997 5 3 9 47 60 274
125 1990 1990 2000 3 275
1990 1990 1990 276
1990 2000 2000 1990 2001 14 2005 1 11 2006 1 3 277
2 7 9 2001 1 2 14 24 278
11 2000 60 3 279
1989 1990 1993 2000 6 2006 11 1990 2005 1960 280
2007 2 Princess Masako Prison of Chrysanthemum Throne 100 2 26 21 3 281
2006 9 282
(2001) (2007) (2000) (2001 4) 13 (2003) (2001) (1997 (2003 (1998 (1989 J-CC 30 (1993 (1999 (1970) (2001 (2005 (2006 (1994 (1970 (1995 OB (2002 1996~2006 3 283
1945 8 15 15 GHQ General Headquarters 223 1955 55 284
21 1869 1879 8 1946 1969 3 285
GHQ 1946 9 1952 8 1 1947 11 1952 11 4 286
1953 3 1956 1962 4 8 15 1963 4 668 1964 2 8 15 1964 20 1967 1 3 287
6 20 1969 1 6 1 2 20 2 8 288
1970 4 5 1971 1 5 1972 1 5 1973 4 7 9 7 1974 4 5 1930 3 289
1983 224 1952 4 30 8 1968 1978 1000 A 1978 290
10 A 14 1974 7 20 1975 2 3 291
1952 4 10 1975 8 1975 8 15 20 1978 292
A 14 A 1985 180 8 15 10 1996 7 29 8 15 2002 4 22 3 293
2002. 4. 23 2001 2005 A 2001 A 1985 8 15 294
A 1978 100 96 3 2 2007 4 5 3 1947 9 3 295
GHQ 1990 9 1980 1953 4 9 3 2 1955 2 3 2 7 8 1952 296
11 1 1,600 1956 3 2 1957 2000 1964 3 297
3 2 1969 5 1980 1981 10 1978 1990 1980 9 1980 298
1990 130 9 1992 PKO PKO 9 1992 1994 11 1 1994 9 1993 1990 1994 1996 1999 1998 8 3 299
2001 11 2006 10 9 11 9 2000 1 9 9 11 2004 1990 9 2004. 7 300
2005 1 2005 2005 4 8 1 9 44 3 2 3 2 11 50 2006 9 51 2007 4 5 1997 5 30 9 47 3 301
6 3 1997 5 29 248 2006 11 302
1980 1 1978 1985 4 1988 1 1991 1997 2 1977 1 3 7 10 1998 6 2002 3 11 3 12 3 303
2 3 22 4 2002 9 17 13 10 304
15 13 5 8 5 10 29 2003 8 6 6 6 5 2003 12 20 21 5 2004 2 9 3 305
2 40 2% 2 11 3 1 4 5 8 2 6 4 1 2 5 22 5 7 6 2006 8 11 12 1 9 25 26 2 11 (9~14 ) 306
2006 2 4 2007 3 7 8 6 2004 2005 11 2006 DNA 2006 9 2002 5 3 307
10 1998 4 2006 9 38 1 39 40 308
1964 1984 2004 12 2003 3 3 309
2002 10 2003 11 2006 9 2003 1 1960 1994 2000 2003 1 2001 2004 4 1988 1 310
2002 4 1997 2 2004 12 2004 6 43 2006 4 22 3 311
2007 3 23 10 40 2004 188 312
(1983) (1989) (1977) (2005) (2003) 39 3. (2006) 2 (2005) (2005) (2003) (2005) (1986) (1989) (2006) www.sukuukai.jp www.sni.or.jp www.sinseiren.org www.jinjahoncho.or.jp www.yasukuni.or.jp www.nippon-izokukai.jp/index2.html www.nipponkaigi.org www.chosa-kai.jp www.modern-korea.net 3 313
www.npa.go.jp/keibi/gaiji1/index.html www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/rati/index.html www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/n_korea/abd/rachi.html 314
2 1955 1993 1995 3 315
1997 2001 2005 2005 1 2005 5 1931 1945 2006 9 2007 9 2006 12 15 9 2010 3 2 316
2007 1982 momentum 1990 3 317
1955 1930 1872 318
1880 1880 1883 92 1886 1890 1889 1903 6 1900 1910 1920 1930 1930 3 319
1945 1946 1945 12 31 320
1947 1948 1955 1950 3 6 25 1955 civil war 1 3 321
2001 1965 1967 1970 1972 1970 2 1982 322
1965 1997 32 3 1982 1990 1993 1995 3 323
1997 3 2005 4 1982 1986 2001 2005 2007 4 2 9 324
1889 1 1874 1875 1894 1900 1904 1 1914 1918 1931 1937 1939 1941 1945 1946 3 325
1947 reverse course 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1954 1991 326
2001 2005 3 327
562 328
2 2 3 329
100 18 1985 1985 60 3 48 1 15 2 215 330
14 3 331
332
1941 12 8 7 3 333
1 2 60 10% 334
3 335
1990 2006 12 60 2001 2005 336
2001 2005 3 337
(2001) (2002) (2002) 59 (2001) 16 (2006) 26 (2005) 1910 129 (2004) 127 (2002) 33 (2006) 98 (1990) (1983) 34 (2002) (2007) 40 (2002) (2001) 338
26 (2004) 32 (2002) (2003) (2001) 16 (2002) 116 (2003) 69 (2000) 27 (2002) (2001) 41 (2001) 18 (2005) 1 3 (2004) 40 (2005) 129 (2003) 17 (2001) 5 (2005) 129 (2006) 49 3 339
(1963) 22 (2005) 93. (2001) 16 (1963) 22 (2005) 1990 1 (2004) (2001) 16 340
57, 204, 242 140 196 233 176 80, 86 78, 80 319 317 316 317 135 212 242 12, 252 44 176, 190 47 63 325 73 326 317 290, 300, 304 11 55 209 223 337 74, 94 198 179 23, 272 16 120, 261 79, 82 159 154 176, 183, 184 148 57 227 341
279 193 32 74 77 20 77, 259, 266 109, 276, 316 72, 79, 82, 92 262 131 121 12 102, 266 119 235 55 44 102 101 67 326 99 308 46 259 74 223 284, 291 29 315 315 198 55, 204, 245 263 242 152 80 4 324 3 324 Charles A. Willoughby 87 55, 207 78 322 2 322 342
81, 85 28 286, 291 186 215 299 216 105 274, 301 156 1 321 99 106 63 89 49 284 43 107, 315 169 154 8 15 73 304 285 73 269 161 199 73 259 42 102 324 181 178 121 331 12 99 232 206 250 47, 119, 261 343
318 128 76 327 Courtney Whitney 88 48 A 290, 291, 293 YP 267 344