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, ( 3, 3275, 000 )0 1 %, 2000 1989,,,,, ) 36 1 ~ 2 33, 000 ( 16, 000 1990, 1994, 1998 ( 14, 000 ) 19908, ( 2963, 000 1 9944, )05% (, 2000 ) ( 1991 ~ 2000 171 ) 1998 ( 2696, 000, )634% (, ), ( 1998 4 ) ( 1998 11 ), 2000,,, 2000 2000 43, 000 ( 1 1989 1 3 %( 1950 41%), ( 408, 000 ) 3 ( ), 48 %16, 000 5, 000, 27, 000 )1 989

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L l o y d s Ports of the world 1999 - ( 197), - ( 169), - ( 94), - ( 92), -, - 13 ~ 14, -, - 2000 1 ) 1999, TV ) - 2000 3 - -, -,,, 3, 3-20ft 1 900 ~ 1, 000, - 300, - 500 2 ~ 3-7, - (,,, 3, 40%, 15% 1) 7 0 3, 20ft,,,, 2000 11 p48

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1950 1960 1961,,, 1960,, (Egon Bahr)1 963, ( Wandel durch Annährung) 1958 1962,, 19609 19649 2 19618 10 1 4 19631 21 7 ( P a s s i e r s c h e i n a b k o m m e n ),, 11, ( 1966 )

1950, (Politik der Stärke) (Kurt Georg Kiesinger),, 196713 1 ( Wi l l y B r a n d t )41 2, 42 0 1960 19691 0 19691 02 7,,, (Ministerium für gesamtdeutsche Frage) ( Wiederherstellung der deutschen Einheit) (Ministerium für innerdeutsche Beziehungen),,, ( 5 3),

( W ä h r u n g s g e b i e t k l a u s e l ) ( Verbotsprinzip mit Erlaubnisvorbehalt) ( 1949 5 8 ) ( 1949 10 7 ) (TSI, Tr e u h a n d- stelle für den Interzonenhandel),,, 19491 08 (Frankfurter Abkommen), ( C O C O M ), VE(Verrechnungseinheit, 1 V E = 1 ) EC 195192 0,, ( I n t e r z o n e n h a n d e l s a b k o m m e n ) (Berliner Abkommen), 199071,,,, G AT TE C ( 14 % 11 % ), (Clearing System), ( b i l a t e r a l ),

( S w i n g ) 1957 1983, 10, 1984 95, 000, 1950 74, 000, 1 989 153, 20,,, 3,,,, (Zwangsumtausch) S w i n g,,, 30, 45

,,, I n t e r s h o p, 1971934, 1, 0445, 000 ),,,,, 19751 21 9 ~ 1978111 6 ~,,,, 1975~ 1989 3 0,,,,, 1972 2 965, 000 (, (Investitionszulage),,,,,

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1999 43, 866 95 % 22 7 % 25, 18 7 %,, 18 2 % 2015 6 1, (NHTSA, National Highway Tr a ffic Safety Adminstration) 1996 41 199743 0 7 23 1, 284, (driver inattention), (vehicle speed), (alcohol impairment), (perceptual errors), (decision errors), (incapacitation) 151%, 101%, 6 4 %

7 0 ~ 90 %, ( s o l e f a c t o r ) 16 7 %, (primary fact o r ), 5 2 %,,, 6 8 %, 3 8 % 60%, 11 7 %,, 8 9 %, 6 0 %, 4 4 %, (rear end crash avoidance system) (intersection collision

avoidance system) (lane keeping systems) 2008 20% 20001 2 A P TA(American Public US DOT, The Relative Frequency of Unsafe Driving Acts in Serious Traffic Crashes, January, 2001 US DOT, The Changing Face of Transportation, 2 0 0 0 Transportation Association) A P TA A P TA 12 9 125, 120 5 2 (Sangkwon Lee ) T e x- ass A&M E-mail: sklee@tamuedu

: US Department of Energy Energy Information Administration(EIA) : : : 0 0644 0 0710 10% <1 > 2 (19991~20011),, 0 972 1 406 45%, 0 965 1 522 58 % 1, 000 f t 3 0 541 0 620 ( 1999 1 ~ 2000 8 )1 9 %, 0 0632 0 0654 35% <2 > 2,, (median) 1 ) 0 4583 1 1581 153 %, 1, 000 f t 3 0 5033 0 6989 38% 8 <3 > 8 1 26, 1 19 30% 1)

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BAA plc BAA Heathrow, 1995 Transportation Policy Te a m, 3 Transportation Forum 10 Transport Forum 19461 8 (Heathrow International Airport), 6, 6, 300, 4 93, 200,, 1, 250 1 ( h u b ), 27 6 82 %, - 23 2000 73 1, 224, 000 7 ( H e a t h r o w, G a t w i c k, Stansted, Southampton, Glasgow, Edinburgh, and A b e r d e e n ) 1986 ( B A A plc, British Airport Authority) BAA p l c, 9 34 %( ) 50 %,

: Heathrow Express rail-link(450 million), Operating hours: 05:30-23:30(every 15 minutes), Journey time: 15 minutes(t1,t2,t3), 20 min utes(t4), Check in facilities at London Paddington station, Transport Forum4, Heathrow as a coach hub 50 % B A A H e a t h r o w, BAA Heathrow BAA Heathrow p a r t n e r- Piccadilly Line s h i p 13 % Railair Service: Speedlink and Jetlink Service: Airbus Service: ( 70 ) (Local Bus): 25 1977T1, 1986T 2 1, 500, 20 %

BAA HeathrowBritish Rail (check-in desk) 1998 Heathrow Express Rail-Link 1 Paddington 15, 15 6 5 BAA Heathrow 20 % 15, 000 108, 000 (Black Cab), (Mini cab) p i c k - u p T 5 2 (Piccadilly Underground Line) H e a t h r o w / (monthly/season tickets) (car park pass) 2 00 (cycle mileage allowances) C a r-sharing, Teleworking and Flexi-working T 1T4 96, 000 6 Heathrow Express Rail-Link 4 5, 000, 5, Express Rail-Link h t t p : / / w w w b a a c o u k (Wo o Young Ahn) Baggage Clam E-mail: a h n w y @ y a h o o c o m

Barth, M a n d To d d, M ( 1999 )( ), ( d e p o t ),,, ( t r i p ) ( 1997 ), ( ), 1964C i t y C a r,, (, ),,,,, 5 ~ 10? ITS, ( d e p o t ),,, (depot), ITS 1960 1970,

,,,,, trip,,,, 2, ITS,,,, 3,, ( 1998), ( 1999 ), Sperling, D, etal(2000), E c o l o g ym o b i l i t y (2000),,,,, ( d e p o t ),,,,, 1 O D 2 t r i p,, ITS (depot) t r i p ( ),,,,, 100trip/, 3 ~ 6, 18 ~ 24 ( )

,, Bonsall(1980) Chira-Chavala, etal(1999),,, ( ) ( 1996 ),, 1 > (Taekyu Kim) E-mail: tkkim@mnwasedaacjp 32 2S N C F ( ) 8 61 0 TGV (TGV Médierr a n é e ) T G V, < (TGV Sud-Est) 250, ( Va l a n c e ) ( Avignon), ( N î m e s ) ( M a r- s e i l l e ) < -( L I l l e ) > - < > - < > TGV ( Valance TGV), ( Avignon TGV), (Aix en Provence TGV) 3,, TGV 2 TGV 250 (45, 000 ), 90 %RFF(Réseau Ferréde France) 1 ), 10 % 3 S N C F, RFF,

TGV Duplex, TGV Réseau, T G V Sud-Est Rénovation 1 TGV Sud-Est R é n o v a- tion 2 4 300/ h ( 4 10 3, ) TGV Duplex1 996 - TGV 140 1 2 ( 510 ) ), - 24 T G V, - (Montpellier) 11, - 15 12 2004 34 6, 3, 5 D u p l e x 30, 2002 42, 2004 62 TGV Réseau1 993 - ( 377 ) 3 60/ h 4 9 TGV Sud-Est Rénovation 1 TGV Sud- Est Rénovation 2 1 981 T G V TGV Sud-Est TGV Sud-Est Rénovation 1 TGV Sud-Est Rénovation 2 47, 42 - TGV - TGV, - - TGV Duplex TGV S N C F 2003 1 ) 2) TGV Sud-Est Rénovation 2 49 %

T G V 2 0 % 5~8% - 2003 2005 2 406 (73, 000) 1 40, 2 30 ( 20 ) La Tribune, La Tarification pour le TGV Méditerranée sera Simple et Modérée, 23 Mars 2001, p18-1sncf, Du TGV Sud-Est au TGV Méditerranée : le 1, 354 ( 2, 317, ) 6 58, 000 (1, 044 ), S N C F S N C F 2003 600 Meilleur du TGV au Meilleur Prix,22 Mars 2001 TGV 3 ) 4 0 %, E-mail: sjeong@freefr 3) 2001: 150, 2002: 300, 2003: 150 (JEONG Seung-Ju) E N P C

1999 ( C P ) 16, 400 1998 C P ( 17, 800 ) 1, 400, 24% CP, CP, 25, ( L i s b o n n e )Porto 1 998 3 3 %(9 00 ), C P ( C P ) ( R E F E R ), CP R E F E R 1998, 1999 35, 000 (3, 730 ),, Ta g e,, (Jaehun Lee ) E-mail: Leejaeh439@aolcom E N P C

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, 79, 984 1 3 55 2 ( 3, 75060m), 15, 39, 000, 5, 66 24, 3, 000, 270 2020 34, 4, 2,, 2007 ~ 61 5 1, 435 4, 264, 000, 62,, 45, 264, 2 3 5 100 43, 53, 1, 700,

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(private),,, 1978 3 3 %, 22% (Morrison and Winston, 1995),

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(A Variational Inequality Approach)

/ : 2001 49411 1~4 Aircraft noise : 5 Aircraft noise 6~8 Aircraft engine emissions : ICAO 8~10 Aircraft engine emissions 49 11 ICAO 57 300 20 ICAO (Aircraft Engine Emissions, 6 ~ 10 ) WG 3, 4, 5 The nature of the problem, The results, 1 5C A E P ( C o m m i t t e e on Aviation Environmental Protection) (the Conven- ICAO 16 tion on Biological Diversity) O l i v i e r Jalbert, I ATA, ACI, EUROCONTROL, ICCAIA 5 1 (Aircraft Noise Problem, 1 ~ 5 ) WG1, WG2, 2 of CAEP/5, Development since CAEP/5, The way F o r w a r d, ICAO,,

, 1 CAEP/5 9, 10 3 ICAO, I C A O ICAO Chapter 2 I C A O ICAO1 968 1 6 3 0, 19726 UN 5 I C A O 16,, 200131 9 ( 2001 6 ) ICAO ( C A E P ) ( C A E P / 5 ) Chapter 4 ICAO I C A O 200164, (Balanced Approach)

,,,, Chapter 3, 4, ( e l e m e n t s ) Chapter 3 ICAO ( C A E P ), A 32-8 ( I C A O ) 1990 Chapter 2 ICAO, 9 3 3 I C A O ( Chapter 3 ) I C A O, C A E P, (Balanced Programme), ( e l e m e n t s ),, ICAO,, ( t h e Chapter 3 1999 19996 ICAO Chapter 3 ( ) 3 5 % C A E P, CAEP/5, Chapter 3 9ICAO, I C A O, I n t e rgovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 200011 COP/6(the Confer- nece of the Parties) 7

, 2 2 UN I C A O ) C A E P, 1998 ICAO, C A E P 16, C N S / ATM, UN I C A O, ( ), (Emissions Trading), (Market Based Measures) ICAO, 9 (10dB ), Chapter 4 2006Chapter 3( ) CAEP, ICAO UN, (the Framework Convention) I C A O, 3 I C A O I C A O, A 32-8 ( H, ) ( (Operational Measures), I C A O (Market Based Options) 21, 9 (Assembly)

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KOTI (http://wwwkotirekr) 7528019 294-22-00220-9 ( 411-701 2311 031)910-3029 031) 910-3231 E-mail: sunim@kotirekr (1 2, 3,000) (, 1 5 ~ 20) 4 ~ 5 : I T S (2, 10,000) : (2 4, ) ( ) (2, ) (50% ) Working Paper : 1 2 0,0 0 0 7 0,0 0 0 The KOTI Bulletin Working Paper 50 % 50 %, ITS

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