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미만성거대 B 형세포림프종환자에서 CHOP 항암치료와 Filgrastim 투여후발생한폐쇄세기관지기질화폐렴 1 례 1 연세대학교의과대학내과학교실, 2 병리학교실, 3 폐질환연구소, 4 BK21 의과학사업단, 5 암전이연구센터정우영 1, 변민광 1, 이진형 1, 한창훈 1, 강신명 1, 김진석 1, 조상호 2, 김영삼 1,3, 김세규 1,3,4,5, 장준 1,3, 김성규 1,3, 박무석 1 A Case of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia Following CHOP Chemotherapy and Filgrastim Use in a Patient with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Wou Young Chung, M.D. 1, Min Kwang Byun, M.D. 1, Jin Hyoung Lee, M.D. 1, Chang Hoon Hahn, M.D. 1, Shin Myung Kang, M.D. 1, Jin Seok Kim, M.D. 1, San Ho Cho, M.D. 2, Young Sam Kim, M.D. 1,3, Se Kyu Kim, M.D. 1,3,4,5, Joon Chang, M.D. 1,3, Sung Kyu Kim, M.D. 1,3, Moo Suk Park, M.D. 1 1 Department of Internal Medicine, 2 Pathology, 3 The Institute of Chest Diseases, 4 Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, and 5 Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is often diagnosed in patients with pneumonia who respond poorly to antibiotics. BOOP is often idiopathic, and the etiology of the remaining cases has been attributed to a wide range of agents or medical conditions. When a patient develops the clinical symptoms characteristic of BOOP, the medical team must endeavor to determine the etiology of this disease because it can be treated with glucocorticoid and avoidance of the causative agent. In particular, if BOOP is diagnosed during or after chemotherapy for a malignancy, the possible culprit agent can be the anti cancer drugs but other drugs used for supportive care must be also be considered. We report a case of BOOP that arose after CHOP chemotherapy and a filgrastim injection in a patient with a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2005; 59: 561-565) Key words : Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, CHOP, Filgrastim 서 최근약제에의한폐독성으로인한급성및만성폐질환의진단이점점늘어나는추세이다. 수많은약제들이폐손상의가능성을갖고있다. 이러한약제들의임상적, 방사선학적소견들은이들의조직병리학적특성을반영하며미만성폐손상 (diffuse alveolar damage), 비특이성간질성폐렴 (non-specific interstitial pneumonia), 폐쇄세기관지기질화폐렴 (Bronchilitis obli terans organizing pneumonia), 호산구성폐렴, 폐출혈, 폐부종, 정맥폐쇄병 (veno-occlusive disease) 등이이 론 Address for correspondence : Moo Suk Park, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, CPO box 8044, Seoul, Korea. Phone : 02-2228-1974 Fax : 02-393-6884 E-mail : ms70l@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr Received : Oct. 12. 2005 Accepted : Oct. 28. 2005 범주에속한다. 이중미만성폐손상, 비특이성간질성폐렴이가장흔히관찰되는병리소견이며 BOOP은 bleomycin과 cyclophosphamide, methotrexate에의해종종발생되며특발성으로나타나는아형과동일한조직병리학적특성을보인다 1. 본저자들은미만성거대 B형세포림프종환자에서 CHOP 항암치료와 filgrastim 투여후발생한 BOOP 1례를경험하였기에보고한다. 증례환자 : 김 O 진, 남자 78세주소 : 발열, 호흡곤란현병력 : 78세된남자가 3주전부터서서히심해진호흡곤란과발열을주소로입원하였다. 환자는내원 4개월전좌측허벅지에 2 X 3 cm 크기의종괴가촉지되어정형외과에서종괴적출술시행받았으며병리검사상미만성거대 B형세포림프종으로진단되 561

WY Chung et al. : BOOP following CHOP and filgrastim in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 어 (Ann Arbor 병기 I기 ) 3차례 cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin HCL, vincristine 및 prednisolone 을포함한 CHOP 항암요법을세차례받았다. 항암치료는 3주간격으로진행되었으며치료첫날 cyclophos phamide 1260 mg ( 체표면적당 750 mg), doxorubicin 84 mg ( 체표면적당 50 mg), vincristine 2mg을정맥투여받고, 프레드니졸론 100 mg 씩 5일간유지하였으며마지막항암요법은내원한달전, 증상시작 1주전에완료되었다. 각각항암치료시마다발생된혈구감소증으로인해 GM-CSF인 filgrastim 을 300 μg 씩매치료시마다 6일에서 9일까지투여받았다. 마지막항암치료직후시행한흉부엑스선은정상소견이었다. 과거력및가족력 : 15년전고혈압진단받은것이외에는특이소견없음. 투약력 : 고혈압을진단받은후부터 amodipine bes ylate 5 mg씩매일복용하였으며, 그외한약등의투약력은없었다. 진찰, 신체검사소견 : 내원시활력징후는혈압 130/90 mmhg, 맥박 95회 / 분, 호흡수 20회 / 분, 체온 38.1 이었다. 의식은명료하였고, 두경부및액와림프절은 촉지되지않았다. 청진소견상호흡음이양측하폐야에서감소되어있었고, 염발음이청진되었다. 복부촉진상특이소견없었고사지에함요부종은관찰되지않았다. 검사실소견 : 말초혈액검사상백혈구 19,860/ mm3 ( 다형핵백혈구 86%, 림프구 8%, 중성구 1.3%), 혈색소 10.8 g/dl, 혈구용적 37.8%, 혈소판 363,000/ mm3이었다. 요검사상특이소견없었으며혈청생화학검사상총단백 6.0 g/dl, 알부민 3.1 g/dl, 총빌리루빈 0.6 mg/d L, AST 47 IU/L, ALT 77 IU/L, BUN 24.8 mg/dl, Cr 1.5 mg/dl 이었다. 동맥혈가스검사상 ph 7.55, 이산화탄소분압 22.6 mmhg, 산소분압 45.0 mmhg, HCO 3 농도 20.2 mmol/l, 산소포화도는 86.1% 이었다. 비강으로산소투여 (6L/min) 시작 40분후재시행한동맥혈가스검사는 ph는 7.56, 이산화탄소분압 26.6 mmhg, 산소분압 60.9 mmhg, HCO 3 농도 20.2 mmol/l, 산소포화도는 94.5% 이었다. 이후병실에서비강으로산소 2-4L/min 으로유지하며산소포화도 93-96% 유지하였다. 방사선소견 : 흉부단순촬영상양측폐야에미만성간유리혼탁화소견이관찰되었으며 (Fig. 1), 흉부전산화단층촬영상새롭게발생된전폐야의중심성간유리혼탁화소견을보였다 (Fig 2). 병리조직학적소견 : 경기관지폐생검소견상 2형폐세포의과증식과종말세기관지및폐포가성긴섬유조직과결체조직에의해폐쇄된소견이관찰되었다 (Fig. 3A & 3B). Figure 1. Chest PA showed diffuse and patchy ground glass opacities on both lungs. Figure 2. HRCT scan taken before transbronchial lung biopsy, showed diffuse and patchy interstitial pne umonia in both lungs with some fibrotic processes. 562

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol. 59. No. 5, Nov. 2005 (3A) (3B) Figure 3. 3A (H & E, X 100) & 3B (H & E, X 400). Microscopic examination showed bizarre type II pneumocyte hyperplasia and focal septal young fibrosis in terminal bronchioles and alveolar ducts. 견의악화및반복된세균배양과혈청바이러스검사에서원인미생물이관찰되지않았다. 이후시행한 cytomegalovirus, Ebstein-Barr virus, herpes-simplex virus 및 varicella-zoster virus 에대한 IgM 항체가모두음성이었으며자가면역표식인자음성이었다. 경과관찰중흉부엑스선상호전이없어경기관지폐생검을시행하였다. 병리조직학적소견상 BOOP을시사하는소견이관찰되었고, 임상적으로합당하여경구프레드니졸론 60 mg (kg/1 mg) 을매일투여하였으며이후증상의완화와흉부방사선의호전소견을보여 (Fig. 4) 퇴원하여외래에서추적관찰중이다. 고 찰 Figure 4. Chest PA taken after steroid treatment, sho wed improvement of bilateral infiltrates 치료및경과 : 내원시발열과오한, 흉부엑스선소견및염증을시사하는검사실소견상폐렴진단하에항생제치료를시작하였다. 초기항생제는최근에병원입원력이있는면역력저하환자로써 cefepime, ciprofloxacin 및 aminoglycoside 를투여하였으나흉부엑스선의악화소견으로인해 1주일후비정형균주에대한항균범위를강화하기위해항생제를 tazobactam 및 moxifloxacin 으로교체하였다. 그러나항생제교체후에도지속되는발열과흉부엑스선소 BOOP은세기관지와폐포를침범하는조직의섬유화와연관된임상및병리학적증후군으로설명한다. 50% 가량이특발성으로나타나고나머지는방사선조사, 감염, 약제, 결체조직질환이나면역억제상태와연관이있다 2. BOOP의진단은적절한항생제치료에반응하지않는환자에서흉부엑스선상미만성간유리혼탁화및흉막하국소성반점형경화를보일때의심할수있다. 그러나이러한방사선학적특성은 BOOP에만국한되어있는것이아닌비특이적인소견으로임상증상과방사선학적소견에조직병리학적진단이뒷받침되어야가능하다. 563

WY Chung et al. : BOOP following CHOP and filgrastim in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 항암치료를받고있는악성종양환자에서 BOOP 을의심하게하는임상적방사선학적특징이관찰될때많은경우감염에의한폐렴이나종양의폐로의전이를먼저의심하게되어이에대한치료에의해 BOOP에대한치료가늦어지게되는예가흔히발생하게된다. 본증례에있어환자는항암화학요법과보존적치료인 filgrastim에의한 BOOP이의심되는상태이다. 항고혈압제재로복용중이던 amodipine을제외하면다른투약력이없으며방사선조사나직업력에서도의심할만한원인이없고, 2차항암요법전에시행하였던흉부엑스선이정상이었던점, 증상이 3 차항암치료후 1주일에서 10일사이에시작한점이이를의심케한다. 문헌조사에의하면 filgrastim2, 3 에의한경우는 2례를찾을수있었고, doxorubicin에의한예가한차례보고되었으며 4, cyclophospha mide 1,5,6 에의한경우는수차례에거쳐보고된바있고. 그외환자에서사용되지않았지만흔히 CHOP 요법과병행되는항 CD20 항체인 rituximab 7,8,9 은폐섬유화및간질성폐렴의원인으로보고된바있다. 본환자에서매항암치료시마다사용되었던과립구집락자극인자 10 의경우는급성호흡곤란증후군과도연관된것으로알려져있다. 본증례의경우대상환자의항암요법에 doxor ubicin과더불어특히약제에의한 BOOP의흔한원인들중하나로알려져있는 cyclophosphamide가포함되어있으므로이들에의한것으로판단할수있겠으나 filgrastim에의한병변악화의촉진도의심할수있다. BOOP의치료는프레드니졸론을매일 1 mg/kg 씩사용하여모두 1년에걸쳐서서히감량해나가는것이다. Epler 11 등에의하면특발성 BOOP으로진단된환자의약 80% 가그작용기전은알려져있지않으나부신피질호르몬제로완치되었다고보고하였다. 그외에 erythromycin, triamcinolone, cyclophosphamide 와 cyclosporine이치료에성공적으로사용된예도보고되고있다 11. 그리고혈액종양환자에서 BOOP 이발생한경우에고형종양보다그증상이심할수있으며치료에반응도좋지않은것으로알려져있다. 그러나, 본증례에서는프레드니졸론치료에반응이좋았으며, 지속적인추적관찰이필요하다. 본증례는미만성거대 B형세포림프종환자에서세차례항암약물치료및 filgrastim 투여후발생한 BOOP에대한증례로혈액종양환자에서새롭게폐침윤이관찰될때는항생제반응이없는경우조직검사를통한병리학적진단이필요하며, 항암약제뿐만이아니라 filgrastim 또한그원인으로생각해볼필요가있음을문헌고찰과함께보고하는바이다. 참고문헌 1. Rossi SE, Erasmus JJ, McAdams HP, Sporn TA, Goodman PC. Pulmoary drug toxicity: radiologic and patologic manifestations. Radiographics 2000;20:1245-59. 2. Macartney C, Burke E, Elborn S, Magee N, Noone P, Gleadhill I, et al. Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in a patient with non-hodgkin s lymphoma following R-CHOP and pegylated filgrastim. Leuk Lymphoma 2005;46:1523-6. 3. Law L, Tuscano J, Wun T, Ahlberg K, Richman C. Filgrastim treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (M7) relapse after allogeneic peripheral stem cell trans plantation resulting in both graft-versus-leukemia effect with cytogenetic remission and chronic graftversus-host disease manifesting as polyserositis and subsequent bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia. Int J Hematol 2002;76:360-4. 4. Ogata K, Koga T, Yagawa K. Interferon-related bro nchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. Chest 1994; 106:612-3. 5. Cazzato S, Zompatori M, Baruzzi G, Schiattone ML, Burzi M, Rossi A, et al. Bronchiolitis obliterans-or ganizing pneumonia: an Italian experience. Respir Med 2000;94:702-8. 6. Pommepuy I, Farny M, Billey T, Olivier P, Lassoued S. Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Rev Rhum Engl Ed 1998;65:65-7. 7. Leon RJ, Gonsalvo A, Salas R, Hidalgo NC. Ritux imab-induced acute pulmonary fibrosis. Mayo Clin Proc 2004;79:949-53. 8. Swords R, Power D, Fay M, O Donnell R, Murphy PT. Interstitial pneumonitis following rituximab therapy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Hema 564

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