. 2009. 11. 30 : ( ) : ( ) : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 7 1 17 2 21 1 21 1. ( :, Convergence) 23 2. ( :, Fusion) 24 3. ( :, Composition) 25 4. (, ;, Hybrid) 26 5. ( :, Integration) 27 6. ( :, Bundling) 28 7. (Convergence) 29 2 30 1. 30 2. 31 3.,, 34 4. 35 3 37 1 1 : 39 1. 40 2., 42 3. 44
2 4. 47 2 2 49 1. 50 2. 52 3. 55 3 59 4 62 1 IT 65 1. 65 2. 72 2 76 1. 77 2. 78 3 82 1. 83 2. (Service-Oriented Architecture) 85 5 87 1 87 1. 87 2. 88 2 90 1 90 2. 94 6 101 1, : 101
3 1. 101 2. 103 3. 104 2 106 7 115 118
4 2 1 23 2 2 (Fusion) (Saxtoft, 2008) 24 2 3 29 2 4 33 3 1 38 3 2 39 3 3 40 3 4 41 3 5, 43 3 6 45 3 7 46 3 8 48 3 9 49 3 10 2.0 51 3 11 58 3 12 58 3 13 60 4 1 66 4 2 68 4 3 69 4 4 70 4 5 71
5 4 6 77 4 7 (Saxtoft, 2008) 84 4 8 (SOA)(Saxtoft, 2008) 85 5 1 (Tapscott, 2009) 92 5 2 (Beck and Wade, 2004) 93 5 3 (Beck and Wade, 2004) 93 5 4 96 5 5 97 5 6 (Saxtoft, 2008) 99 5 7 (Saxtoft, 2008) 100 6 1,, 106
7 1.,,,,,,,,,,,.,,...,,,,.,,. 2.
8,,..,,.,,,.,,,,,. 2., 1, 2, 1.,,, ( 2 ).
9 1 2 (Fusion): ) : (substitutable) (Integration): ) : (inter-operability) (Com-position): ),, : (Bundling): ) CATV- : (Collective Intelligence),.
10, (Prosumer). (Social Network) (social bondage)., (normal distribution) (long tail).,,,,.. 1),,,,,,,,
11 2) (regional).. IT. IPTV IT,,.,,... (emerging opportunities).
12. (organic) (SOA; Service- Oriented Architecture).,,,,.,,, (CRM),,,,. (, forecast) (interpret) (action plan) (proactive),. (access),. (mix).,,,,.,, IPTV,,
13. (transaction process) (middleman intermediary). (institutional systems),,.,,,.,,,,,.,, (Malerba, 2006). / 3. 3.. 1,,,,, 2.
14 3,,,,,,..,,.,,,,,,.
15,. 1.. 2.,. 3.. 4.,,,,,,. 5.,,,,. 6.,,.
16 7. IT,, (,,,, ),.
1 17 1,,,,,,,,,,,.,.,.,,,..,,,,. (construct), (fluid stage).,,,.
18...,.,,... IT,,.,,.,. 2,.,,,,..,
1 19..,.,..,,,,,.,,,. (field),,,.,.,,
20,..
2 21 2 (stakeholder),..,,..,, TV, PDA,. (Platon).,. 1..,,., (inter-subjective)
22 (fragmentation). (equivocality) (confusion). ( ).,,.., (, ), (, ).,,,.,,, ( 2 1 )..,,,,,.
2 23 2 1 1. ( :, Convergence) (convergence). : (up-state).. (Greenstein and Khanna, 1997).., (artificial design)., ( ) ( ; assimilation)
24 ( ; incline toward each other-webster s College Dictionary), (come to or trend toward a common point-webster s, ibid.), (unification, concenter)., (series).,,,,. 2. ( :, Fusion) (fusion), ( ). (alloy, amalgamation-webster s Collegiate Thesaurus). 2 2 (Fusion) (Saxtoft, 2008)
2 25., (blend of two styles) (transformation) (Webster s, ibid.).,. ( 2 2 ).. (interchangeability) (cross-usability).,.,,,. 3. ( :, Composition). (com-position) (mix, composite, compound-webster s Collegiate Thesaurus). (object),...,,
26, (,.)., (literally)..,,.,.,. 4. (, ;, Hybrid) (offspring of different breeds, species, or culture) (hybrid)., 2 (G2). (mutation) 1 2.,,,..
2 27 (hybrid customer). (off line), (.com) (on line), (,. 4.)., (multiple channel) (convergence marketing). 5. ( :, Integration),., (integration). (inter-connection).,.,. (, ) (,
28 ) (, ).., ( ). 6. ( :, Bundling) (bundling), (, package). CATV.,,,.,,,,,..,,.,.
2 29. 2 3 (,, Convergence) (,, Fusion) (,, Integration) (,, Com-position) (,, Hybrid) (,, Bundling) 7. (Convergence),,,, ( 2 3 ). (description) (explanation), (limitation) (boundary)..,,,.,..
30,. (clarification), (analogy) (logical inference),.,,.,,,.,,,.,,,,,.,,,,,.. 2 1.. (, )
2 31.,,.,,,,,,,.,,. 2.,.,,,,, (converge to digital). (digital reductionism).,.,,,,..
32., (signification) (symbol)., (re-present).,,,,,. (mode of information),. (medium of recording),,,.. 0 1 (binary),,. 0 1 (representation) (dichotomy)...,,,,., (building block). 0 1... (semiology) (,, signifie),, (,, signifiant),.
2 33,. (codification),, (,,, (ASCII) ).,., 0 1, (transformation) 0 1., (reduction),,. 2 4
34.,,.,,,,, 2 ( 2 4 ).,,. 4.. 3.,,,,,. (mode of information). 0 1.,,. A 1 B., 0 1
2 35.,., 0011 10000010 10001001 ( ).,,,.,,,.,,,,,,,,,. 4.,,,...,,,,,. (embed).
36,,,,,. 1,,,,,,.,,,, (context),.
3 37. 3. (,, )..,,..,.,.,,.,,,. ( ),,,.,,,. (link). (node )
38 ( 3 1 ). 3 1.,, n k (n = node, k = 2 n).,..,,,, (threshold).,,,,,. 2., 1, 2 (commonality of signification)
3 39, ( 3 2. 3 2 1, 2 (geneology).,,. 1 1 :.,,,.
40,,. 3 3,,. 3 3 1. 1450.
3 41. 150, 1784 180. ( 3 4 ). 3 4 1826.,. 1800,.,.
42,,,. (e-book),,. 2., 1857. 20 1877 (phonograph),. 10 (Gramophone).,.. 1837 (single mode), 1900,. 1906. (reproduction)
3 43. 1913.,, ( 3 5 ). 3 5, 1930 (FM), 1961,,,. 1982 (CD), 1997 MP3 MP3. 1999
44 (Napster).,,,. 3..,. 1980. 1895 ( ). 27,. 1922, 1927. 1929 (.) ( 3 6 ).
3 45 3 6 1993 DVD (Digital Video Disk) DVD, VHS.,, 1995.,,,, PMP(Personal Multimedia Player),.,.. / TV,.
46. 1884 1925,. TV, 1 ( 3 7 ). 3 7 1928, 1931 TV. 1956. CBS TV 1954 2..
3 47 1962, VTR. 1994 HDTV 1997 BBC TV. CATV,,,.,, IPTV. 4. 1837,.. 1843 33. ( 3 8 ). 1900,. 1946, 1978,.
48 1988 ISDN,. (the last mile) CATV. 3 8, CATV,.,,,,.
3 49 2 2 1880,,.,, ( 3 9 )..,. 3 9,,,, 1980.
50. 2 1970.,,,,, 2... 1. 2,,,,, (representation), ( ; field).,,,,,. 1 (melting pot) 2 ( 3 10 ).,, 2. 2.
3 51 3 10 2.0 n 2 n k (n=node, k=2 n) (2 )..,,.,.. 2000 ( + ),,,. LG 2005 DMB (DMB + ).
52. IPTV. (sustainable convergence). TV + VTR TV + DVD, VTR + DVD... (right convergence). 2... (modualize).,. (modularization).,,,,..
3 53.. (independence) (simplicity)..,. (OS)...,.,,....,.
54.,,..,,. n k (n = node, k = 2 n).,.,,.,,,. (contingency theory).,,..,,..,.
3 55 3...,. (mutually exclusive nature) (collectively comprehensive/exhaustive nature)., (object).,.,.,..,,. (natural objects) (artificial objects),..,.,
56.,.. (quantitative) 60....,, (, 2005).. TV DMB, m-, TV IPTV,.. (unit of analysis)..,, (components), (function)
3 57. (product),. (intra-industry),, (inter-industry) ( 3 11 ).,,,.. (player). (individual level) (attitude) (perceptional).,,,. (dyad). (inter subjective interaction),. (small group).,,..,,,
58 ( 3 11 ). 3 11.,,,. 2, 3 12. 3 12 (Fusion): ) : (substitutable) (Integration): ) : (inter-operability) (Com-position): ),, : (Bundling): ) CATV- :
3 59 3., (conceptual framework).. (mutually exclusive) (collectively exhaustive).,.. 3 13 2.,,, ( ) ( ). 4 5. 4, 5.,,, (interaction), (exchange)..,
60,.,,. IT,, ( 3 13 ). (product) (scope) (process).. (transformation). (novel product) 3 13
3 61., (navigation). e-., ( 3 13 ).,,. (purchasing process),.,,, IPTV (e-commerce) (mobile commerce). (transaction process) (middleman intermediary). (manufacturing process) (management process),,. 4 5 3 13,,.,., (missing links).
62 4. (Daft and Weick, 1984; Zammuto, et.al. 2007)., IT.,. IP IPTV,,.. IPTV (, 2007).,,.,,,,,,,,,,,. IT,, (Iansiti and Richards, 2006).,.
4 63, 2028,, (Volkswagen, 2009). (emission-free cars) (Networked mobility) CCU(Car Communication Unit). (McLaughlin and Antonoff, 1996).., / (strategic portfolio) / (scope) (Lind, 2005). (manufacturing process) (management process),, (, 2005). (SOA; Service-Oriented Architecture) (Merrifield, Calhoun, and Stevens, 2008). SOA. SOA,,,,.
64 (Enterprise Process Optimization),, (Stakutis and Webster, 2005).,, (Cho, Li, and Su, 2007; Sussman and Siegel, 2003). EDI, (CRM),, (enterprise risk management), (stakeholder relations management),,, (Miranda and Saunders, 2003; Leonardi, 2007; Volkoff, Strong, and Elmes, 2007).,,,,,,,..,.,.
4 65 1 IT 1. IT (information-related industry),,,,,..,.. 4 1 (positioning) (mapping).. (continuum) 2,, 2,.,,,.,,, (,, ),,,.
66.. (container) (content). (form) (substance).,. 4 1,,,,,,,,,.,,,
4 67., CD.,,,,,..,,,,. (dichotomy), (contimuun).,.,, CD DVD.. (measure items) (measurement scaling)., (service), (product)., (tangibility) (visibility).
68,.,.,,,,,., TV,,.,,. 4 2. 4 2 4 2
4 69 4 3 (media & publishing), (information vendors), (distribution and broadcasting), (computer), (consumer electronics), (telecommunication), (office equipment).. (DDD, direct distance dialing). 4 3. (distributed computer system). (modem)
70,,, ( 4 4 ). 4 4.,,,,.,,,.,,,,. (National Information Superhighway),
4 71,, 4 5. 4 5 (age of convergence).,. (densely networked) (one to one), (addressed), (interactive) (unaddressed one to many).. TV (one-way broadcasting),,
72..,.,.., / (strategicportfolio). / (scope). 2. IT.,,... SMS. SMS. (PoC),. (killer application, ),.
4 73... SMS MMS, (IM). SMS MMS.. South Africa MXit PC (Saxtoft, 2008). MXit,,. MSN.. PC.,,.,. PC.,,,,,,,,,..
74. TV,,,,,. IPTV,, TV,. (1) IPTV IPTV IP(Internet Protocol) (Encoding), IP (Streaming).,. IPTV. TV. (2) Internet Video.. TV IPTV.,,,. PC,.
4 75 IPTV,. (3) Mobile TV TV TV,,,,,. 3 (WCDMA) TV,. (DVB-H: Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld) TV (CT Standardization Roadmap 2008). (4) Digital TV Broadcasting TV CD, TV, PC, (, IT, 1117 ). (ITU) 2010.. (Fixed Mobile Convergence).,. British Telecom Vodafone BT Fusion (Wireless Lan),. SK Telecom KT VoIP
76...,,,.,. 2 IT,,,,. 4 6. e-learning,, e-applicance,,, RFID,, e-health..
4 77 4 6 1.,,,,,,,,,, IT,, 5. (classroom learning) 1980, e-learning. e-leaning,, 2010
78. e-learning. ( ) e-learning. TV, 1932 TV ( 3 3 7 )., (open university).,.. 2. ABS(Anti-Rocking Breaking System) Feul Injection. (LAN). RFID(, ),. (Volkswagen) (Volakwagen, 2009).
4 79. (Emission-free cars).,.. (Cars as living spaces),,.,..,.,.,,,.,.,., 3D. (Cars as living spaces)
80, Stanley 7, 2007 11., nvidia 2005 10 3. open system,,,.. (Networked mobility) Car-to-X,. CCU(Car Communication Unit)... (Accident-free driving) (Custom-made cars)..., LED,
4 81.,.., IT (delivery) (product).,., (information intensity) (ubiquity)..,,, IT,. RFID, (pervasive computing; IBM ). (license).,,,. IT.
82 3,,,. 1960,, 1. 2. (numerical information),,,,. IT,. ITunes Music Store. MP3. TV,.,,.,,,,, (creation) (authoring/production),.
4 83,,... 1. 4 7,, (Saxtoft, 2008).,,,. (CRM),, (ERP), / (SCM/PRM).,,, (KM),,, (HRM). (Business dashboard) (Business process manager), (Business data interface)..,,,
84,,.. 3 (third party player), (out sourcing),.,,,.,. 4 7 (Saxtoft, 2008)
4 85 2. (Service-Oriented Architecture) (manufacturing process) (management process),, (, 2005). (SOA; Service-Oriented Architecture) (Merrifield, Calhoun, and Stevens, 2008). SOA ( 4 8 ). 4 8 (SOA)(Saxtoft, 2008) SOA (recombine) (Saxtoft, 2008). SOA IT
86.,,. SOA,,,,. (Enterprise Process Optimization),, (Stakutis and Webster, 2005).,, (Cho, Li, and Su, 2007; Sussman and Siegel, 2003). EDI e-business, (CRM),, (enterprise risk management), (stakeholder relations management),,, (Miranda and Saunders, 2003; Leonardi, 2007; Volkoff, Strong, and Elmes, 2007).
5 87 5,..,.,... 1 1. Web2.0. Web2.0,,,. Google, Amazon, Wikipedia, e-bay. UCC(User-Created Contents) u-tube. 16 5,000 Web2.0.
88. (Prosumer). (, 2007).. 2., (Collective Intelligence) (Jenkins, 2006). (Coalition). (Social Network). Web2.0,,.,.,..
5 89.,, (, 2008).. (longtail)..,,, (, 2008)... 1),,,,,,,
90 2), community,,,,.,,.,,,.,. 2 1. (access)., (mix)
5 91 (hybrid consumer)...,, IPTV,., (e-commerce) (mobile commerce),,. (transaction process) (middleman intermediary). (, Jin and Robey, 1999, Mahdavi and Cho, 2007). (institutional systems),,..,,,. (Boudreau and Robey, 2005; Beck and Wade, 2004; Tapscott 2009). (2009) (Net Generation).
92,. 5 1. 5 1 (Tapscott, 2009) 1.. 2.. 3.. 4.. 5... 6.. 7..,,.., (Tapscott, 2009).,,.,,,. (Beck and Wade, 2004).,,,., ( 5 2 ).,.
5 93 5 2 (Beck and Wade, 2004) 5 3.,, MMORPG( ; Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game). (transnational) (transnational Goshal ). 5 3 (Beck and Wade, 2004) 1.. (..) 2.... 3... 4... 5. 1 3. 6.,. 7. (,,, ).
94,. (abata) 3. ( ),.,,. (dot com)..,,,,,,,,. 2., IT.. VoIP, Mobile TV, location-based services.., FM,,.
5 95..,,,,.,...,., RFID,,, MP3.. PC...,. TV/VoD,
96 Internet, Phone(Voice) TPS (Triple Play Service) Internet, TV, Phone, Mobile QPS (Quadruple Play Service). 5 4.,.., (Saxtoft, 2008). 5 4 : (, quadruple-play service bundle) :, (, TV). (QoE),,,, (silos) ( 5 5 )(Saxtoft, 2008).
5 97, Google, myspace,.,.,,,.,.. 5 5,.,.,
98 (open access). (end-to-end service; e2e service) (Quality of Experience). (main service provider) 3... LAN, WiMAX,. (Semi- Convergence),....,.,.
5 99 (trade off). 5 6 (Saxtoft, 2008). 5 6 (Saxtoft, 2008) 5 6.. ( ).,.., (shift)..,
100 (segmentation). 5 7 (Saxtoft, 2008)
6 101 6 3,,,,,, 3,,.. 100,.,. 60..,. 1, : 1. (Collective In- telligence),
102., (Prosumer). (Social Network) (social bondage)., (normal distribution) (long tail).,,,,.. 1),,,,,,,,
6 103 2) (regional) 2... IT. IPTV IT,,.,,.
104.. (emerging opportunities).. (organic) (SOA; Service-Oriented Architecture).,,,,.,,, (CRM),,,,. (, forecast) (interpret) (action plan) (proactive),. 3. (access),. (mix).
6 105,,,,.,, IPTV,,. (transaction process) (middleman intermediary). (institutional systems),,.,,,.,,,,,.,, (Malerba, 2006). 3 / ( 3 13 ) 6 1.
106 6 1,, 2,,.,. (critical review) (interpretation).,., (comprehensiveness),,.
6 107 1:,, IT. : (National Information Superhighway),,,. (age of convergence).,., IPTV.,.,,,,.,,,.,,,,. IT,,
108,,. e-learning,, e-applicance,,, RFID,, e-health. :,.,.., / (strategic portfolio). / (scope).,, IT (TV, ),,,,,,.,
6 109 SOA(Service Oriented Architecture).,,, (ecosystem). 2:,. : ( ). Beck and Wade(2004).,, (transnational).,,., (Tapscott 2009).,,,.,
110.,,.,,,.,,,,..,, IPTV. (social influence), (personalization).,. (environmental sensitivity) (ethical sensitivity). :,,,. (projection).,
6 111,...,.,,,.,,.,,, (open innovation),. 3:,,, Paradox. : 1800 100,,,,,, 1980
112. 2000,,,,,,,,,,. (fluid stage).,,,,..,.,.,.,.,..,,. (richness).
6 113,. IPTV. CATV,, TV. IPTV. TV TV.. :,.,.,.,,. (contingency theory) (evolutionary, longitudinal).,,., IPTV,
114. IPTV,,..
7 115 7,,... 1,,,,, 2.,,,,..,.,..,,.
116,,,,,,.,,.,,.,. 1.. 2.,. 3.. 4.,,,,,
7 117,. 5.,,,,. 6.,,. 7. IT,, (,,,, ),.
118,,, 05-37, 2005. 2 16, IT,, 05-41, 2005. 2, ( ),, 05-01, 2005. 12,,, 09-33, 2009. 12, IT,, 05-35, 2005. 2,, Management Information,, 18, 1, 34, 2007. 4, 3GPP MBMS,, vol.34, No2, 2007.,,, 09-36, 2009. 12,,, 08-71, 2008,,, 05-40, 2005. 2,,, 00-32, 2000. 12., IT,, 05-33, 2005. 2, IT,, 05-31, 2005. 2,,
119, 09-32, 2009,,, 05-34, 2005. 2, IT,, 05-32, 2005. 2, IT,, 01-16, 2001. 12,,, 09-35, 2009. 12, ( ),, 03-04, 2003. 12, ( ),, 04-01, 2004. 12,,, 09-34, 2009. 12 Beck John C. and Mitchell Wade, Got Game: How the Gamer Generation is Reshaping Business Forever, Harvard Business School Publishing, 2004 Boudreau, M. C. and D. Robey, Enacting Integrated Information Technology: A Human Agency Perspective, Organization Science, 16(1) 2005, 3 18 Cho, Namjae, Gouzheng Li, and Che-Jen Su, Am Empirical Study on The Effect of Individual Factors on Knowledge Sharing by Knowledge Type, Journal of Global Business and Technology, 3:2, 2007 Daft, R. L. and, K. E. Weick, Toward a Model of Organizations as Interpretation Systems, Academy of Management Review, 9(2) 1984, pp.284 295 Greenstein, Shane and Tarun Khanna, What Does Industry Convergence Mean? in David Yoffie(ed) Competing in the Age of Digital Convergence, Harvard Business
120 School Press, 1997, pp.201 226 Iansiti, Marco and Gregory L. Richards, The Information Technology Ecosystem: Structure, Health, and Performance, Antitrust Bulletin 51:1, Spring 2006 Jenkins, Henry, Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide, New York University Press, 2006. Jin L. and D. Robey, Explaining Cybermediation: An Organizational Analysis of Electronic Retailing, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 3:4, 1999 Lind, Jonas, Ubiquitous Convergence: Market Re-definitions Generated by Technological Change and the Industry Life Cycle, DRUID Academy Conference, January, 2005 Mahdavi, Iraj and Namjae Cho, Dynamic Link Structure Analysis Using Flow Movement of Customers in a Cybermall, Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 188, 2007, pp.116 122. Malerba, Franco, Innovation and the Evolution of Industries, J. of Evolutionary Economics, 16:3, 2006 McLaughlin, John F. and Anne Louise Antonoff, Mapping the Information Business, WP, Center for Information Policy Research, Harvard University, 1996. Merrifield Ric, Jack Calhoun, and Dennis Stevens, The Next Revolution in Productivity, Harvard Business Review, June 2008 pp.73 80. Miranda, S. M. and C. S. Saunders, The Social Construction of Meaning: An Alternative Perspective on Information Sharing, Information System Research, 14(1) 2003, 87 106 Paul M. Leonardi, Activating the Informational Capabilities of Information Technology for Organizational Change, Organization Science, 18(5) 2007, 813 831 Saxtoft, Christian, Convergence: User Expectations, Communications Enablers and Business Opportunities, Wiley, 2008
121 Stakutis, Chris and John G. Webster, Inescapable Data: Harnessing the Power of Convergence, IBM Press, 2005 Sussman, S. W. and W. S. Siegel, Informational Influence in Organizations: An Integrated Approach to Knowledge Adoption, Information Systems Research, 14(1) 2003, 47 65 Tapscott, Don, Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation is Changing Your World, McGraw Hill, 2009 Volkoff, O., D. M. Strong and M. B. Elmes, Technological Embeddedness and Organizational Change, Organization Science, 18(5) 2007, 832 848 Volkswagen, Volkswagen 2028: Our Vision of the Automotive Future, 2009 Wind Y. and V. Mahajan, Convergence Marketing, Journal of Interactive Marketing, 16:2, 2002 Zammuto, R. F., T. L. Griffith, A. Majchrzak, D. J. Dougherty and S. Faraj, Information Technology and the Changing Fabric of Organization, Organization Science, 18:5, 2007
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