한국의노동조합 (I ) 한국노동연구원
1 2 1 2 3 4 1. 2. 3. 5 1987 6 29 1. 2. 3. 3 1 2 1. 2. 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 1. 2. 4 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 2 1. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6 29 3 1. 2. 3. 6 29 4. 6 29 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 6 29 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 6 29 6 1. 2. 3. 7 1. 2. 3. 4. 6 29 8 1. 2. 3. 4. 9 1. 2. 3. 4. 6 29 10 1. 2. 3. 4. 11 1. 2. 3. 4. 6 29 12 1. 2.
3. 4. 6 29 13 1. 2. 3. 4. 14 1. 2. 3. 4. 6 29 15 1. 2. 3. 4. 6 29 16 1. 2. 3. 4. 17 1. 2. 3. 6 29 18 1. 2. 3. 19 1. 2. 3. 4. 20 1. 2. 3. 21 1. 2. 3. 22 1. 2. 3. 5 1 2
< 1> < 2> < 3> < 4> < 1> < 1> < 1> (1988 ) < 1> < 2> (1988 ) < 3> ( ) < 4> < 5> < 1> (1987. 1. 1) < 1> `88 < 2> `88 < 3> < 4> < 5> ( ) < 1> < 2> < 1> < 2> < 3> < 4> < 1> 1988 < 1> < 1> < 2-1> < 2-2> < 2-3> < 2-4> ( ) < 2-5> ( ) < 2-6> 1987. 6 29 < 2-7> < 2-8> < 2-9> < 2-10> < 2-11> < 2-12> < 2-13> < 2-14> < 2-15> (1979 87) < 2-16> < 2-17> < 2-18>
< 2-19> ( ) < 2-20> < 2-21> < 2-22> 1987 6 29 < 2-23> < 2-24> < 2-25> < 2-26> < 2-27> < 3-1> < 3-2> < 3-3> < 3-4> < 3-5> < 3-6> < 3-7> < 3-8> < 3-9> 1988 < 3-10> < 3-11> < 3-12> 1987 < 4-1> < 4-2> < 4-3> ( ) < 4-4> < 4-5> < 4-6> < 4-7> < 4-8> < 4-9> < 4-10> < 4-11> < 4-12> < 4-13> < 4-14> < 4-15> < 4-16> < 4-17> < 4-18> < 4-19> 1988 < 4-20> < 4-21> < 4-22> < 4-23> < 4-24> < 4-25> ( ) < 4-26> < 4-27> 1987 < 4-28> (1987) < 4-29> (1987)
< 4-30> < 4-31> (1986) < 4-32> < 4-33> < 4-34> < 4-35> < 4-36> < 4-37> < 4-38> (1988) < 4-39> (1987) < 4-40> 1987/1986 < 4-41> < 4-42> < 4-43> < 4-44> < 4-45> < 4-46> < 4-47> < 4-48> < 4-49> < 4-50> < 4-51> ( ) < 4-52> < 4-53> < 4-54> 80 (1988. 6. 30 ) < 4-55> (1987) < 4-56> < 4-57> < 4-58> < 4-59> < 4-60> ( ) < 4-61> < 4-62> < 4-63> < 4-64> (1988. 11. 30 ) < 4-65> (1988. 4. 30 ) < 4-66> < 4-67> (1988) < 4-68> < 4-69> < 4-70> < 4-71> < 4-72> < 4-73> (1987) < 4-74> (1988 ) < 4-75> (1987) < 4-76> < 4-77> < 4-78> 6 29 < 4-79> ( )
< 4-80> < 4-81> < 4-82> (1988) < 4-83> (1988. 10. 31 ) < 4-84> < 4-85> < 4-86> < 4-87> < 4-88> < 4-89> < 4-90> ( ) < 4-91> (1988. 3. 30 ) < 4-92> < 4-93> < 4-94> < 4-95> (1988. 4. 1 ) < 4-96> (1988. 4. 1 ) < 4-97> < 4-98> < 4-99> < 4-100> (1987 ) < 4-101> (1987) < 4-102> < 4-103> < 4-104> ( )(1987. 12. 31 ) < 4-105> < 4-106> ( )(1989. 3. 31 ) < 4-107> < 4-108> < 4-109> < 4-110> < 4-111> < 4-112> < 4-113> 1987 < 4-114> < 4-115> < 4-116> (1987. 3 ) < 4-117> < 4-118> (1988. 9. 30 ) < 4-119> (1988. 10 ) < 4-120> < 4-121> < 4-122> < 4-123> < 4-124> < 4-125> < 4-126> < 4-127> < 4-128> (1988. 3. 31 ) < 4-129> (1998 )
< 4-130> < 4-131> < 4-132> < 4-133> < 4-134> < 4-135> < 4-136> (1987.1.1 12.31) < 4-137> (1987) < 4-138> (1987) < 4-139> < 4-140> < 4-141> (1988. 5. 1 ) < 4-142> < 4-143> 1986 < 4-144> < 4-145> < 4-146> ( ) < 4-147> < 4-148> (1987. 12. 31 ) < 4-149> < 4-150> ( ) < 4-151> ( ) < 4-152> (1988) < 4-153> < 4-154> < 4-155> < 4-156> ( ) < 4-157> < 4-158> < 4-159> < 4-160> (1987) < 4-161> < 4-162> ( ) < 4-163> < 4-164> (1987. 6. 1 ) < 4-165> (1987. 6. 1 ) < 4-166> (1987. 6. 1 ) < 4-167> (1987. 2. 28 ) < 4-168> < 4-169> < 4-170> (1988. 5. 31 ) < 4-171> 1988 6 < 4-172> < 4-173> (1987) < 4-174> < 4-175> (1987) < 4-176> < 4-177> 1988 ( ) (, 87. 6. 29 10. 31) < 4-178> 1987 ( ) < 4-179> (1988. 9. 30 )
< 4-180> (1988. 1.1. 9.30) < 4-181> < 4-182> 1 < 4-183> (1988) < 4-184> < 4-185> < 4-186> < 4-187> < 4-188> (1988.12.6 ) < 4-189> < 4-190> (1 ) < 4-191> < 5-1> (1989. 1 ) < 5-2> (1988. 12. 6 ) < 5-3> 2 (1989. 1 ) [ 2-1] [ 2-2] [ 2-3] [ 3-1] [ 4-1] [ 4-2] [ 4-3] [ 4-4] [ 4-5] [ 4-6] [ 4-7] [ 4-8] [ 4-9] [ 4-10] [ 4-11] [ 4-12] [ 4-13] [ 4-14] [ 4-15] [ 4-16] [ 4-17] [ 4-18] [ 4-19] [ 4-20] [ 4-21] [ 4-22] [ 4-23] [ 4-24] [ 4-25] [ 4-26] [ 4-27] [ 4-28] [ 4-29]
[ 4-30] [ 4-31] [ 4-32] [ 4-33] [ 4-34] [ 4-35] [ 4-36] 1987 6 29. 6 29.,..,,, 6 29. 1.,...,..,,,.. 1989 7 1 1987. 1987 6 2,725, 1,050,201 1987 12 4,086, 1,267,457. 1988 1988 12 6,142, 1,707,456....
.,.. ( ).,,, 2 3 ( ),,,. 1987 ( ), 1988 1 1988 ( ). 1988 1988. 1, 3, 5 4,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 4,,,,,,,,. 2 1 8 15 ( ) ( ) 1).. 1959 10 ( ) 1960 11. 1961 5 16. 1961 8 9 ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 14. 1963. 1970 17 1980. 1980 12,,,.. 1982 1 1 1982 1 6, 1 6. 2),,,,, 3),,,,,,, 13,, 3 1987. 1987 6 29.,,,.
.. 1989 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 17,,, 4. < 2-1> 1987 6 29. 1) 1948 8. 2) ( ). 3) 1969 1981 1989 2.
2 60 70 1979 1,088,061 1980 12.9% 948,134. 1986 1979. 1987 6 29 1 3,414 (1987 6 125.4%), 737,255 (70.2%) 1988 12 6,142, 1,707,456. 1977 24.3% 1986 15.5% 6 29 1988 12 22.0%. 1988 12 19.5%. 1988 12 1,232,400 72.2%, 23.9% 18.1%... 1981 1986 1980, 1987. < 2-2>
< 2-2>
1988 6 2 (, ) 7.3% 1,775.5 43.6%.,,, 38.2%. < 2-3> (1988. 6. 30 )
[ 2-1] 3 3.
, ( 2-2 ). 1988 12,,, 4 17. < 2-4>,. 1, 2, 3,,. < 2-4> ( )
< 2-4>
< 2-5>,. 1) 1988 12 402, 182 23.6%. 188,514 (11.0%)., (10.5%), (8.2%), (3.8%) 46.1%,,,, 5.2%. 1987 6 29,,,, 218,726 12.8%. 10,574 13,816. < 2-5> ( )
2,809. 1, (1,978.1 ) (1,459.3 ) 1,000.,, < 2-6> 1987 6. 29
378.6, 241.2, 375.5 330.2 354.7 (278.0 ). 80.0 (123.3 ), (125.3 ), (141.2 ), (186.8 ) 200. (28.6%) (34.9%) (45.7%) 50%.,, 60.5% 72.2%. 90% (100.0%), (99.3%), (96.4%), (95.1%), (95.1%), (91.6%). < 2-7> < 2-5>. 1986 1988.,,,,,,,,... (,,, ) 1971 25.4% 1988 11 41.0% 1971 (12.2%), (9.5%), (3.7%) 1988 (14.7%), (12.9%), (8.2%). 1971 17.4% 1988 < 2-7>
< 2-8> 1) < 2-8>
9.0% 14.3%. 1971 10.1% 3.3%.,, 5.3% 9.8%. < 2-8> < 2-6> 1988 12. 1988 11.,,. 1).
4 1.,, 3. [ 2-2]. [ 3-1].. 2.. [ 2-2]
.,,. < 2-9>. < 2-9>
,,,,,..,,,,,,...,...,,,.
.,,,,,,. ( ),,,,. ( ). ( ),,. (, ).. 6 1. ( ). < 2-10>
.,,.,.. (1 ) 3... 1961 1988 < 2-11>
6 5,, 4 3 1. < 2-12>. 2.,,,,., 2/3. 2/3. < 2-12>
< 2-13>
( ) 1. 2 3 ( ) 3 4 1.. [ ]. 20 (35 ), (28 ), (25 ), (24 ), (20 ), (20 ) (17 ), (17 ), (16 ), (16 ), (15 ), (14 ), (12 ) 10 10., 3. ' '. 1 2,000 (528.7 ), (1,241.6 ), (1,410.7 ), (1,591.7 ). (2,265.8 ), (2,329.6 ), (2,856.7 ), (3,254.0 ), (3,292.7 ), (4,222.2 ), (4,403.8 ), (4,484.8 ) 5,000 1 (5,483.0 ), (6,726.4 ), (6,822.0 ), (8,217.1 ), (9,325.4 ). 1
(20,109.1 ) (23,564.3 ) 2. 90 1 18,971.7. 92 18,559.3 1 209 8,169.6 1, < 2-14> 1) 304 5,616.6 1. 1)..,. 1) 12,600 1 4,600 1.(,, 1/4, 1989. 3. P.62.)
3..... 1987 6 29..,,. 6 29. 1987.,,,,,,,,,....,,,,. 6 29.,,,, 1987 6 29, 1986 6 289 1987 9 1,423....,.,,. 50%..
,,,.... (ITF) (Blue Certificate). / (ITF/FKSU).,,. (pattern setter).,..,..,....,.. 1966. 1975..,,,,.. 1984 1988 2 3.,,.,.,,
.. 6 29. < 2-15>.. < 2-15> (1979 87) < 2-15>
< 2-15>
<2-16>
. ( ) 1987 5 9,500 1987 5 1,500. 1 (3,500 ), (6,600 ), (8,800 ) 2 4. ( ) 49.6%( ) 99.9%( ) 82.4%. 1 1 600 2% (1 700 ) ( 1 500 ). 1 300. 12 1 286.9 ( 1988 12 ). 1),, 1%, 1%, 1.3% 30 40% 0.5% 4. 1 2,600,, 1 1,000. ( ) (1.3%). (28.8%), (20.8%), (14.4%), (13.5%) 10%. 6.4% ( ) ( ) 54.3%( ) 99.9%( ) 88.8%. DML,, 6.6%, 4.1%, 0.4%. (30.9%), (17.0%), (11.3%) (14.8%), (14.2%) 10%. (26.4%) 49.6%. 1 1 1, 23,380.6.. 1 7,543.9 1,030.3. (,,, ) 3,135.8 (2,555.1 ), (1,633.1 ), (1,281.0)
( 2-16 ). < 2-17>.. 17.5%. 1987, 34.0%. (22.7%) (17.5%), (16.0%), (24.3%),. 1986 60 1988 80 10. 1%. 7.0%( ) 29.7%( ) 15.6%. <2-17> 41.5%. 15.0%. 9.6%( ) 24.4%( ) 15.0%. 3.0%( ) 19.8%( ) 8.4%. (22.8%) (13.4%). 6.0%. (25.7%) 30%.. 5.8%. 0.3%( ) 8.3%( ) 4.1%. (6.4%). 3.2%., (11.6%),,. 2.5%. (11.0%) 1.8%.
(6.1%) (5.7%),,,,. 1.1%. (4.3%) 8.. 0.8%.,,,,,,,.,,,,,.,,. 2) 10 (136.2%), (57.8%), (45.3%), (16.6%), (11.1%).. 1978 1987 9.7% 24.3% 17.5% 31.1% 51.1% 46.4%. 24.2% 15.0% ( ) 8.7% 15.6% 32.9% 30.7%, 1978 1987. 9.6% 15.0%. 1978 8.6% 1987 0.8%.,,, 6.7%, 2.9%, 1.4%, 5.4% 8.4%, 5.8%, 2.5%, 7.3% 6.2% 1.7% 6.0% 1.1%. <2-18> < 2-19> ( )
.. A2 ( 1 ) 2 4. (15 ), (6 7 ), (58,500 ) 5 1 3.. < 2-20>
,... (ITF). 2 3. < 2-21>
1) 1 441 (1988 ). (,, 1/4. 1989. 3, p.61). 2) 31% 19%.(,, 1/4, 1989. 3, p.62). 5 1987 6 29 1. 1987 6 29 (,,, ) (, ). [ 2-3]
. 1987 6 2,725 1988 12 6,142 ( 125.4%) 1,050,201 1,707,456 ( 62.6%), 14.7% 22.0%. 381.6 278.0 70.8% 72.2%. < 2-6> 1987 6.29 1988 12.. 25 5. 1970 6 29 6 29. 6.29 6 29 6.29. [ 2-3] 614.0 241.2. (,,, ) 39.2% 46.1%.. 193 1,009 4.2 12 8 ( 210.2%). 6 29 1 5 15.1%.,,, 15.3% 19.6%. 298.8% < 2-22> 1987 6 29
. 6 29 1 (-6.7%), (-27.3%), (-35.2%).. 104.3 123.3..,,,,,,,,,. 2. 1986 265 1987 3,749, 1988 1,873. 1987 6 29. < 2-24> 1988 6 6 66.1%. <2-24> 1988 6 6 66.1%. 1987 53.3%, 1988 84.5%. 60% 30% 95%.,. < 2-23>
< 2-24> (1977. 6. 30 ) < 2-25>
.. < 2-26> < 2-27> 3. 1987 6 29. 6 29. 1987 89,,.
.,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,, 6 (,, ). 1989 1 10 1989 ( )..,..,..,..,.... 3 1 ( ) 1946 3 10 ( ). 1945 11 5 ( ), ( ).,.. - -. -. -. - :,,,,. : ( ). : ( ), ( ). : ( ).,,...,,,,, 9 (1946 ) 3 (1947 ).
1948 8.. 1959 10 1960 10 ( ), 1949 3 4, 1952, 1957 10 12..,.,,. 1960 11 ( ). 5 16 6 1961 5 1961 8 ( ). 1956 3 ( ) < 3-1>. < 3-1>
2 1. [ 3-1]. 2. ( 1 ).. : 2. 3 1 3 2. 2,000 1 1,001 1. 1988 406.. :,, [ 3-1] (1988 )
, 3 1. ( ). :,,,,,... 3 2 3 2,,, 3 2.. : (,,, ). 3...,.,,,,....... :,
. 1989 2 11. :....,,,,,..... (1989 2 4 ), 6 1.. 3 1988 (1989 2 ) 1988. < 3-2> (1988 ).. 1988 2 26 27 11 8 9 2. 1987, 1988,,,,,,,.
,,. 1988 < 3-2>.. 20 < 3-3>. < 3-3>
. 2, ( ) 1, 1, 3, ( ) 3, 3, 1, 6, 1, 1. 2...,,,,,,. - - - - -.. - -80,,, - - :,,, 9
- - - - - -.,,.. 12 27 16.. : 1988 1 8 9,,,, 50. : 1988 10 10 13 (1 ), ( ) (2 ), (3 ),. 3... 1989 : 8 (513 ). :,,. : 1988 9 13 2 3 22 88 89. :. : 11 13 ( 2 ).. : 11 13 189. :
( ). : 9 30. 90.. : 1988 7 24. :. : ILO 4 5. :,,... < 3>. 4.. 1988 1,873 1,813 12 31 60. 3,749 1987 1,876. < 3-4> < 3-5>. < 3-4> (1988. 12. 31 )
. 1988 3 1 4 30,, ( ),... 1988 11 29 800. < 3-5> (1988. 12. 31 )
.. (1988. 4. 13 4. 14), (5. 9), TC (7. 20 7. 20), (1 : 11. 21 11. 23, 2 : 12. 1 12. 2), (10. 20), (11 ).. 5.. 1988 1987 16 1988 20 4.,,,,,,. 1987 3,532, 3,267 1,174,862 1988 6,491, 2,211 1,465,833. < 3-6>. < 3-6>
. 1988 12 21. 50 100. 6.. :,,,. 1,,, 8, 2, 12. : 1 2,,,,... 5 6 14, 100 1,339, 5 1,187.,,,,,.. 7 360,,,,..
) ILO : 4 11 5 27 ILO ) : 5 10 6 7 ) : 7 26 8 7 ) : 8 1 8 12 ) : 8 30 11 6 ) 59 : 10 12 12 3 7... - (1. 9) - (2. 11) - (4. 29) - (5. 12 6. 3) - (6. 13) - 3 (6. 29) - (7. 5) - (7. 11) - T.C (7. 23) - (8. 26) - (9. 27) - 3 (10. 10) - (10. 14) - (10. 25) - (10. 29) - 5 (11. 2) -,, (11. 11) - (11. 18) - (11. 25) - (11. 25 11. 29) - (12. 2) - (12. 13) - (12. 14) - (12. 15) - (12. 23).. - (3. 8) -88 (3. 10) - (6. 16) - (6. 27)
- (7. 16) - (7. 28) - 17 7 (9. 21) - 11 4 (,,, ) (10. 17) - 89 (11. 1) - 1 8 (11. 19) - (11. 26) - (12. 24). A2 4 8 1... 1988 12 31 1.. 59. 8..,,.. ( 350 ) 7... 1,021, 676, 12, 31 1,740 5 2 4 5 2. 1987 85%, 112%... 59, 1 1 7. 9.
. 23 1988 5 1 31,,, (,, 200, ).. 19 ( ) T.C ( ).. (195 ) 1,000, 13 10,000,.. (, )..,,.. 3, 9, 4. 10. 1949 (ICFTU), 1986 240... 1) 14 : 3 14 18 6. 2) 75 ILO : 6 1 22 ( 9 ). 3) 14 (ICFTU-APRO) : 8 4 6 ICFTU-APRO 7.
4) 11 4 : 10 18 19,,, ( ) 4. 5) 94 : 12 14 16 2.. ILO, ICFTU-APRO,, ICFTU-APRO.. `88, (May day). 11. 1988. 1986.,,.. < 3-7>,. 1986 1 78 ( 1986 1,035,890 75%, 1986 938,921 83% ) 1 60 561,600,000, 107% 601,947,120. 463,468,140 1986 69% 643,700 77%, 83%. 1985 230,843,670 1986 190,834,780 40,008,890. 1986 138,478,980 1986 178,478,870. 66%, 27% 6.1%. 53.6%, 22.1%, 24.3%,,,. 1988, 1988 1987 10 1 88 9 30 9 8 91,150,200 (1987 70, 1988 80 < 3-7> (1986. 1. 1 12.31)
). 1988 11 510 50. 1988., 9 6, 999,6000. 1987 1,174,862 85%, 88 1,465,833 68%. 1988 1 1986 2.
.. 1986 12 31 152,111,500, 1,800,250,790, 374,637,340, 1,694,158,646, 19,790,752.. < 3-8>. < 3-8> 4,,,.,. 1. 6,463, 448 100 ( ). 1975 10 1976. 1988 < 3-9>.
< 3-9>. 5 6. 1 (1988 1 5 ). 1988 12 11. ( ). < 3-9> 1988 2. 1979 10 1. 1 1. 1988 2,400, 1,700 70%, 23%, 7% ( 3 ). 3.,,. 5 370,, 89. 1988 5,911,750,769, 116,828,896, 1,279,196,830. 4. 14,. 1988 12 < 3-10>.
( 4 )., < 3-10>,,,.,,,,.,.. ( ). 1 30 100 < 3-11>
. < 3-11>, 1987 < 3-12>. 4. 2 6. ' '. ' '., ' '.,, < 3-12> 1987 (1987. 4. 1 1988. 3. 31)
' '. 5 1.. 1987.,.. 1988 10 24, 11 9.. 89 (1989
2 15 16 ),..,.. ",. ",.,. `89,.,. 1988 11 29. ",,,. ",. 1980. 1989.,.,. 2...,. 1988 11 9 " 4 13, ".
..,. ' '.,.,,... 1987. ",. 60 70 80 90. 1) ",. 1988 3, 19, 15, 25, 29 91. 170,..,. 70%, 6%. ( ). ' '.,. 1989 2,,. ( ) ( ).,...,., ' 2 '. 1988 " ". ( ) ' ',. 1989 2
23 24 1989 ( )..,. 20%,,..,. 2) 1), ( ), 1987. 9. 13. 2) 1. 4 1 1. ( )... 8 15 2,642km, 1,280, 8,424, 29 55,960.
, 1946,, 3 566km.. 8 15 55,960 38,675. 50. 1958 1,700 1 1,090.. 1973, 70. 1970, 1971... 1946 3 10 2 1946 5 12.,,,. 1947 1 18, 9. 1 18. 1953 6 5 16. 1953 9,.,,. 5 16 1961 8.. 1953. - : 1955 8 18. - : 1958 1 1. - : 1960 8 5. 5 16. - : 8 1961 1 27 10. - : 1963.
- : 1988 7 26 2. 1947. < 4-1> 2.. [ 4-1]. [ 4-1]
. 1) : 5. 300 1. 1988 5 20 103.. : (, ), 1,500 1. 1988 5
26.. :.. :,,,,,,,,,, 11. 5 12.. 2) : (,,, ) ( ). 3.. :,. 1988 5 1 5. 3) ( )..1988 5 4.. `87 (1987. 5. 1 1988. 4.30). 1) : 1987 5 15 27 26.,,,. : 9. 87,,,,,. 2) 1988 4 11 188, 30,188.( 4-2 ). ( ) ( )..
. 1 1987 4 < 4-2> 11, 188 30,425 1988. 3) 1% 40.2%, 33.7%, 27.1%, 1 120. `87 (1987. 5.1 1988.4. 30) 416,568,513 33,388,750 383,179,763 ( 4-3 ). < 4-3> ( )
4).. 1988,. - 1988 - - - - 10 - : - : 58 61 5) ( ) 2... - - - - 100% - - - 6). - - - 7).
- : 5 ( 1987. 4. 20 7. 3). - : 2 ( 1987. 11. 2 11. 28). A2 2, 3 4.,,,,. 8). - : 1976 1, 1988 3 1,565,487,935. 1981 `87 213 9 4 5. - : 8 1988 2 1 2 18 2. 9) ITF( ) `87 4 5. ITF. - 5 7 5 7. - 5 10, 4 7. 3.. 1988 6 30 30,034 28,540 95% ( 4-4 ). 1971 1971 3 4 3....... 4. " ( ).."
< 4-4>, < 4-5>. < 4-5> (1987. 12. 31 ) 54%, 20.1%, 26%. 40 52%
30 20%. 40 20 30 < 4-6> (1987. 12. 31 ) < 4-7> (87. 12. 31 )
. < 4-7>. 10 70% 2 6.0%... 70. 4. 6 29..,..,...,.,, 3. 150%. 1 3... 2 1. 1954 3 30 ( ). 1960 4 19 1 7. 1960 4 19 1961 5 16 ( ). 1961 5 16 6. 1961 8 3. (9 ). ( ) 23. 8 17. 5 16 1980 ( )
2 5 6. 3 11.,,. 1) 1980 12 30 1981 2 21 ( ). 1981 1987 2. 1987 6 ( ) 1988 11 1989 3 ( ). < 4-8> 2.. 1988 4 265 119,538. 2) [ 4-2]..
1). 3 2 ( ) 3 1. 1 500 500 1 251 1. 500 250 1 126 1. [ 4-2].. 1987 212.
2) 70 4.. 1987 70 1987 (1987. 6. 1 1988. 5. 31) 5. 3),,,, 25, 1 ( ) ( ). 1987,, 11, 1987 6. 4),,,,, 3...,,...... 1987 6....... 6 1. 3 2. 1. 1987 3 1987 2. 24, 1, 3. 5) 4 11.
. :, : : : : :,, : : : : : 1988 4,,,, 5 5. 6),,,,, 5.,,, ( ),,.,,,,, ( ),,,,,,.,,,,,,. 1987 4 23, 23, 37, 101, 81.,,. < 4-9>. ( ),
.,. 3.. 7) 11., ( ),,.. 3). 1987. 1) 1987 6 26 212 205 169, 12 181. 7 3. 181 1986, 1987. 161 152, 6, 3. 1987 < 4-10>. 1988 6 10.. 1% 2% 500 1.5%. 70 < 4-10> (1987)
< 4-11> (1987)
25 70 25. 1989 3 3. 500 350 1 250 1 126 1. 2) 1987 4 190 102,167 1 75, 17,371 1988 4 265, 119,538., 1987 6 29 1 1 39.5%, 14.5%.,,. 1 22. ( ). 600% 20.. 4). 1988. 3)
1987 11,985 (5 ) 220. 38 40 85. 7 8.... 1988 1 16. 1988. 4) 1988. 1988 1 8 ( )... 1988 1987. 5),,,. 6 29 `87. 4 150. 70 80 1 5 1988 12 31 223. 6) (ITGLWF) (TWARO). TWARO,. 1987 ( ) 5. 7) 1987. 1.3%. 1 260.
( ) 94.7%,,. 1 70 (1988 80 ) 16.8%. 0.7%. 1 50 1 140. 21.1%,,, 3.0%, < 4-12> 2.9%, 1.9%, 0.6%. 5),,, 40.2%,,,,,, 27.2%. 1977 2 2 4 1987 3 5 6 9 76.3% ( 160.3% ) 32.3%. 1977 6),, (8.3%)
,,. 3.. 1/4. 60 70.,,..,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,. ( ) ( ),,. 70 ( ) 80.. 1954 3 18,000 70 1979 7 173,883 1980 1987 4 102,167 1987 6 29 1 17,371. 6 29 80. 1967 86 1979 302 1980 1987 190 6 29 1988 4 265. 70, [ 4-3]
[ 4-4]. 1971 12.2% (17.4%) 1988 ( ) 10.3%, (15.3%), (11.8%), (11.3%), (11.3%). 1977 1987 (81.9% ) (45.0% ).,,,. 6 29 (49.6% ) (21.3% ) 1988 4 29.3%, 27.4%.
1967 84.6% 1977 82.5% 1987 77.1% 6 29 < 4-13> 1988 74.0%.,. 25% 1988 4 24 3 70 7.,, 80%. < 4-14>
,...,, ( 4-14 ).. 1987. ( 4-15 ). 1.8 1.3% 2.6 702.4 1 < 4-15>
< 4-15> < 4-16>
. 55.6 48.9 ( 4-16 ). 1.6, 1.3%, 2.6 497.6 1. 56.6 52.5 ( 4-17 ).. < 4-17> 1),,, 1988, p.156. 2).
.. 3), 80 2, 3, 10 1 170 1987 1,000 1 150, 1,001 3,000 1 130, 3,001 1 100. 4) 1988 12. 5),,, (11.8%) (7.5%). 6) (1979). 4.. 1963 16 1966., 5. 1967..,. 1961 5 16 1).,.
... 1975.,.,. 1970 2).. 1971 80 ( ). 1981. 1984 2 3 1988... ( ),,. < 4-18>
. 1988 1987 1988. 1988 1 13 23.1% 1 25, 2 5,. 2 9 1988 1 1 150. 2 12 3 3 5 (3 16 1 ).. 2 5 ( 1 ). 3 4 1. 3 8 2 17,,..
3 16 3. 4 8.6% 20%. 3 25 5 18.5%,., 3 26 6, 10.2%.,,.,. 4 1 7 10.6%, 11.6% 15.5%. < 4-19> 1988 1. 17 1988. - (1 8 ) 1988 2 4,300 13.0%, 4,200 4,3000 13.4%, 4,200 14.0%. -. -. - 1988 3. - ( ) 2 1. 1988 4 9 :, 1987. 4 6 8 12.6% 14.5% 4 8 9 12.6%, 13.1%, 13.6% 8,. 4 9 10.. 1988 (1 8 ) 1988 2 4,300 13.0%, 4,200 4,300 13.5%, 4,200 14.0%, 1988 3 3)..
1967.... 1988 3 17 4 13 5. 36. 1988 3 1 - (1 8 ) 8,880. - (1 8 ) 4,830. - (1 8 ) 3,654. - 100%.. 1985. 3. 2 ( ).. 1988 3 18 4 15 8 16% (1988 1 )... 5.,,. 1988. 1987 6 29 7 9,.. 1 2 3. 5.. 5. 6 29.
1987 5 1988 4 105 11.4% 12 9.5% 18 75, 17,371., 1987 6 29 < 4-20>. 1 39.5% 17.0% 6 29 6 29. 537.7 451.1 ( 4-20 ). 1987. 110 300 1988 1 4), 72 270 1988 1, 70 1981 105 510 3. 3,.. 6 29. 1986 25.9%, 25.1% 1987 271 13.9% 1988 54 7.6%. 60 70 < 4-21> (1988. 6. 30 )
< 4-22>. 1988 6 30 1 84.2% 6 76.2% 69.2% ( 4-21 ). 6 29 1987 5 1 1988 4 30 20.0% 19.1% ( 4-22 ).,,,. 1987 85 12, 3 8 20 8 20. 1987 8 20 16.5% 4 8 29 8.3%. 1987 8 21 11.5% 500% 2 9 4 5% 400%.
< 4-23> (1987) 2 8 21 1. 7 11% 100% 1 ( 4-23 )....,...,.,,..,,,,,..,.,,,...,. 8.,. 3~6
< 4-24>..,. 1988 6 1% 2% 500 1.5%. 1),,, 1988, p.272. 2),,,,,,,,. 1970. 3) 1989 9 4 11 17%.. 1988 17%. 4),, 1988 1989..
3 1. ( ). 1946 3 10 ( )., 1946 10 1947 2, 4.,,.. 1949 3. 1949 4. 1 207 1 1949 4 27. ( 2,700 ), ( 3,000 ), ( 2,000 ), ( 1,000 ), ( 2,000 ), ( 2,000 ), ( 800 ), ( 400 ) 8 13,900. 1953 3 8. 28 1953 6 24.. 5 16 6 (1961 5 22 ). 1961 8 3. 8 4 9.,,,,. 1981 8 16. 40...
. 1980 12 1981 2 28.. 1949 4 ( ) < 4-25>. < 4-25> ( ) 2.. 1988 2 29 97, 50,919. [ 4-5].. 1) 5 [ 4-5]
500 1. 1987 5 1 115..,, ( ) 15..,,, 2 1..,,,,,,.
.,, 3.. 2),,. (,, ) 3... 1987 5 17.. 3)... '87 (1987.4.1 1988.3.31). 1) 1987 5 1 115.,,,,. 1988 1 9. 1988. 1987 5 1 1988 3 19 6.,,, (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) 1988 (5 ) 1988. (1988 3 19 ) (1988 3 29 ). 2)..
3) '87 1 360. 221,750,280 216,312,479 98%., 242,148,53 < 4-26>. 32,322,290 209,826,244 ( 4-26 ). 4) 1987 1 31 77, 51,066 1988 2 29 97, 49,049.. '87 23 2 21 ( 4-27 ). < 4-27> 1987 5) 1987. 64,395,. 6%. 6 29.,,,. 100 30, 100. 6 29 6%
12 13%.,. 6).. - : 172 176 6 29 - : 3 2 7 - : 2 3 78 ' ', ' ', ' 88 ' - : 103 3,,, A2 ( 1 ) 2 1 58,500.,,,. 7) ( ).,. 1987 793. 8) (MIF) '87 529,940.,. 5 1987 9 4 7, 4 1987 11 9 7. 9). 1988,,, 1987,. 10). 6 29. ( ) ( ). 13,,.
3. 6 29. 97 80%.,,,.,, ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ). 1,000 (12,023 ), (1,588 ), (2,305), (1,567 ), (2,967 ), (2,545 ), (1,302 ), (1,048 ), (1,279 ), (1,241 ), (1,510 ) 200 300. < 4-28> (1987) < 4-28>. 21% 24,., ( 4-29 ).
< 4-29> (1987) 2 (, ) 1 5. 4 < 4-30> (1988. 5 )... 1988 5 26 ( 4-30).
,,... 1987 191, 2,799, 3,388 6,378. ( 4-31 ). < 4-31> (1986) < 4-32> 95%. 35, 6 3 4 ( 4-32 ).
. 1975 1.40 1980 1.39 1985 1.21, 1987 1.17 ( 4-6 ).,. [ 4-6]., - 55% -.....,. < 4-33> 1971 3 6 1988 < 4-33>
5 6 57%. 3 1971 7% 1988 3.7% ( 4-7 ). 26 1987 7%, 1988 6.4%. [ 4-7]
4. 6 29. 6 29 1987 6 29,,,.,. 6 29. 1987 '86 (1986. 4. 1. 1987. 3. 31.) 9 10. 1987 6 29 1987 7 16 1 60. 15.,, 6 29 6 29 11.,.,..,. 2, 4, 3, 1, 1, 1 12.,.,..
. 1986 6 29. 1988 28, 14%., 1989...,.,,,. < 4-34>.,,,.,. < 4-34>...,. < 4-35> < 4-36>..,. < 4-35>
< 4-36> 4 1. 1945 8 15 3 8 18 ( ), 11 24. 1945 12 3 14. 8 1946 11 24. 1947 4 16 ( ). 1947 4 19 3. 80% 1. 6 19 6 19 1. 1948 8 15 1950 6 25, 1947 8 15, (1953 ), (1953 ). 1949 2 12.,,,
.. 1949 4 20 1. 5 1955 2 25.,. 1956 2 23 1. 1954 6 13 5 16 7. 5 16 1961 7 1 3. ( ) ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ) 6 8 22. 9 22. 1962 3 ( ) 6 1 1 10 25 1. 1963 6. 60., 1966 6 1,. 1968 6 1968 11 29. 5 16 1966 4 1970 10. 1972 5 1 38 19 1974 4. 1980 5 17 1981 2 1980. 1984 4. < 4-37>. 1) < 4-37>
2.. 1988 2 56, 214, 21,526 [ 4-8]. [ 4-8]. 1)
. 4, < 4-38> (1988) 3 1. 100 1 51 1 100 1.. 1988 4 221 < 4-38>.,,,,,,,,,. 2) (,,, ),,. 3),,, 20,
,,. 4),,,,. 5) 2 (6 1 ),.. 1987 3. 6),,,, 20, 3, 3...,, < 4-39> (1987),. 3..,,,
,.... 1989 1,, 3 6 9 7. < 4-39> 1987.. 1987. 1) 42 1987 4. 194 1986 1987. 17, 1, 20 10..,,,. 2) 1988 2 56, 214, 21,526 1 1, 38, 2,355. 1, 21, 2,000, 200. 17 1987 6 29. 3) 1980. 2,000,, 600. (, ), 1988. 1988 4 29.. 4) 3% 7 8%
. 2,400. 1987 7 15 (,, ), 1987 8 16 1. 3 58 55 58.. 5) 1981. 1982 6 < 4-40> 1987/1986 1981 423 1987 104,,, TV. 3 5. TV,,. 1987 10 6. 1968 10 31. 1987 150% 200%, 70% 100%. 1988. 1988 1 1 2% 0.2% 1.8%. 6) 61 140.
[ ], 1987 [ ] [ ], 1962 1987 12 ( 339 ) 1988 40. 7),,,,,,, (Public Service International : PSI), (International Federation of Chemical Energy and General Worker Union : ICEF). < 4-41> 8) 1987 5 9 5 82.6%. 1% 60%, 40% 1 2,600. 1987 4 6 1,,.( 4-41 ) 3.8% 2.4%. 1978 1987 437.2% 136.2%.,,
,,,. 3.. [ 4-9] < 4-42> (1987. 12. 31. )
3 1962 8,184 1988 2 21,526 56 214. 1 (1 ), 2,3 (2,3 ). 1 (1989 1 ). 424 2.0%.,,,. 5.. 2. < 4-43>
,., 100.,.. 2) (,, ) 2 100%, 600 700, 100 20. 200%,. < 4-43>. 70 1,400 80 400., 80% 30%.,, < 4-44>
..,,,,,,,,. 580% 3) 1 1. [ 4-10] (1983. 11. 16 ) 1983 11 16.
,..,. 4 2.5 3 ( 4-10 ). 4. 6 29. 1987 6 29 1) 1979 4 9 635 1981 12 31 1982 1 11. 1984 3 27 100% 1987 8 30, 1987 9 17 1,819. 1987 9 28 10 30. 1, 21, 2,191. 1987, 21 16 1987 6 29 1988 3. 2) 1987 9 9 ( ) 211 9 29 1988 4 14. 6 10 3,033 808, 2,225. 2 4 2 6. 3) 1982 1987 6 15 3 58, 3 58, 55. 58. 1 1.. 20 5 ( 5 ), 10.
< 4-45> (1987. 1. 1 ) < 4-46>
1/2, 5, 5 1 2. < 4-45> < 4-46>. 4) 1988 7 3 400, 5 3. 6 29... 1) 1981 1 1 ( 4-48 )...,,,,, (10 ),
. 1987 11 500,. < 4-47> A. B., 1988 7. 1987 8,, 1988. 1988 4. 21,,,. 2)., 24. 3 3 4 3, 5 3., <1988. 2. 27 > 16
. 1.. 2.. 3. 1981 1 1. 1988 2 27 1988 5., 5., < 4-48>,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 1988. 12. 31...., 100. 1988 7.,.,. 1988 7. 1), 40, 1988. 2) < 1>. 3) 1988 (300%).
5 1. ( ) 1959 11 8 ( ). 1951. 1956, 1957, 1958. 1959 10.,,,,.. 1 5 16. 1961 8 23, 1962 6 ( ). 4 1965 5 16, 216 27,712 4, 1969 18, 339 39,460. 1969 16 444,372 2.9% (59,449 ) (56,496 ) 3....,,,. < 4-49>. 1966 7 9. 6.,,.. 1970 70. < 4-49>
1969 10 1974 8. < 4-50>,. < 4-50> 1980 1981 2 27. 1959 11 ( ) < 4-51>. < 4-51> ( )
2.. [ 4-11]
. 1) : 2. 30, 300 1. 1988 2 9 76.. :,, ( 1,000 ), 1987 22... 2) : (,,, )
. 3.. :.. 1988 2 7. :,. 1. 3). 1988 2 3. 6 1,... 1) 1987. : 5. - 1 : 1987 2 16.,,. - 2 : 1987 7 13.. - 3 : 1987 9 27. 6 29. - 4 : 1987 11 16.. - 5 : 1987 12 3. 1988. :. - :. - :. 2) - ( ),,,. -. 3) 1988 2 9 57, 39,240 ( 23,375, 15,865 ). 20,258 52%. < 4-52>
1985 24, 20,898 ( 18,624, 2,274 ) ( 4-52 ). 1987,. 4) 10%, 1 200. '87 (1987.1.1 87.12.31) 1987 88,470,992 61,534,933 69.6%. 10,398,520 78,072,472 (4-53 ). < 4-53> 5) (PSI) 1987 10,, 78 2 3.,,,,,. 1988 10. A2 4 1987. 6),, 1987. 7) 1966 (PSI).
1987 419,300. 1988 11 1 3. 3.. 1988 6 30 37,534, 62.6% 23,495, 37.4% 14,039. 1980 1 7 1981 6 29 3 7 ( 4-54 ). 1971 5.4% 1981 1.8% 1988 2.5%. 1988 406 6 1.5%. < 4-54> 80 (1988. 6. 30 ). 5 ", ".,,, 1987 12 2, 3, 1 6.,. 1987 84%, 1988 63% < 4-55> (1987)
. < 4-55>.. < 4-56> < 4-57>
? 1987 9 30 < 4-56> < 4-57>. 50, 20, 8 20. 30, 16.. 4. 6 29. 6 29 6 29. 6 29 < 4-52> < 4-54>., 1987 6.. 1986 3 1986 1987 1. 1987. 1987 1 24 ( ), 6 29. 1988 3, 2 26, 2 4. 1988 11 26,,
...,. 6 29,.,..., 3. 1966 20. 17. 3 ",.", ' ' ' '. 4 " 70." 70.,. 1987 84,009,990, 1988 118,455,259.. 1987 27 5,546,283, 1988 33 13,994,331.,. 1 3 ( 1, 2 ).,. ( ),.. 6 1. ( ) 1982 1 6.. 1987 12, 1988 4. 1988 6. 1982 1988. 2.
. [ 4-12]. [ 4-12]. 1) : 6. 1, 800 1, 401 1. 1988 6 39.. :,,,.. 2) :. 3.. : (,, ).,. 1988 6 1. :.
3). (1988 6 3 ), 6 1... 1987 (1987.5.1 1988.4.30). 1) 1987 4 30.,,, 1987,. 2) 1988 2 29 10 32,773, 12,015 44,788. ( ),, ( ), 1987. 1987, ( 4-58 ). < 4-58> 3) : 6,310,590. 6 36 4 5,,,,,,,,,. : 18.
(3 ). : 9,500 1987 12 1988 12. A2 2,. 4) (PTTI) : 1987 35,961,625 6,310,590. 1987,.. : 5 5, 1 3, 8 8, ( ) 1 6. 3. 1989 2 16 47,000 1987. 16 ( ) 1,000.. 42,000 90%, (1988 ) 39 29, 18 17...., ( IBM ).,.. 7 1. ( ).. ' '. 1898 47... 1946 3.,,,
... 1949 3... 1950 9 15,,,.. 1953 3... 1953 6 30. 1953 12 6 1945 3. 1954 4 20,,,,. 1954 ' ' ' ' 1955 9 5 16. 1961. 1961 9 20, 1961 8 18. 1980 9 19. 1980 1981 2. 1961 ( 4-59, 60, 61). < 4-59>
< 4-60> ( ) < 4-61> 2.. 1988 11 30 64 35,543, 1,886 37,429. 2,000 [ 4-13]
. [ 4-13].. 1) : 9. 300 1. 1988 9 130.
.. :, 24.. 1/3. :. 1/3.. 2) :.. (,, ) 3.. :. 1988 6 30 1 21. :,.. 3).. 6 1. 1988 6 5.. '88 (1987. 9. 1 1988. 8. 31). 1) : 1987 9 15 123 115.,,,,,, 1988,.. :. 1987 9,, 1988 1. 2) 1 600 2%. '88 (1987. 9. 1 1988. 8. 31) 340,477,348. - 35,300 29,652,000-310,825,348 ( 4-62 ).
< 4-62> 3) 1988 6 30 63, 37,467. 1 45, 35,312 18, 2,000. ( 191 ), ( 160 ), ( ) ( 120 ), ( 100 ), ( 106 ) 100.,,,,,.. 5 ",,.", 1988 9 8 ",,,,,,,.". 4),. 33 ". ". - -.,.,. 1988 1% 8%
( )., - -.. ( 1 ).. 1988 < 2>.. ( ) ( ).,,. 1988 < 3>, < 47>, < 5>.. < 4-63>
,.,,. < 4-63>. 5). 33.. 1987 1987 8 14 15 8 25 30, 1987 8 ( ) 1988 6,,.,,. 1987 9 30,,.,,. 6) < >
. 5.4% 8.3%... 7). - : 26. - : 40 1.
- : 30 1. - : (A2, 2 ).,,,. 8) (ITF) 100. ITF ITF. ITF ITF (,, ) ITF. ITF ( 3 4, 5 7 ), ( 5 8, 6 7 ), 5. 3.. 1988 11 30 64. < 4-64>. 1),,. 7,781, 3,504 30%.? < 4-65>. 60%, 23%, 6% < 4-64> (1988. 11. 30 ) < 4-65> (1988. 4. 30. )
. 2),,. 500 (1,707 ), (755 ), (1,299 ), (952 ). 3) (220 ), (1,027 ), (810 ). 4) -, - -, - -, ( ) -. 42 (3,538 ) ( ) (508 ) 500. < 4> < 4>. 130,, 3 52 < 4-66>
40%. 1980 4 1988 11 3 7 ( 4-68 ). 1980 4.3% 1985 3.7%, 1988 2.5%. < 4-67> (1988)
< 4-68>. (closed shop).,,..,.
,,... -, - (open shop)..,. 37,000 7,000, 3.. 14 ( 3, 6, 5 ) 5....,. < 6-69>
. 4. 6 29. 6 29 6 29 1987.,. 1987 6 30 45 35,312, 1 1988 6 30 63 37,467. 2,000 18.,,.,. 6 29 6 29. 1987 8, 1987 7, 1987 8., - -.,.. 1988.,.. ( ).,..,....,., ( ).., 1 -< 4-59> 7 -
.. (, 58) 28,. 2 5 (48), (39), (27) 3 ' ',....,,,. (, 1988 9 3 ).. 8 1. 1945 9 15 ( ), 12 13 ( ).,,,,. 1946 7,, 1946 9 2 40 ( ) 1948 1 8 1. ( ) 1947 5 3 ( ),,. 1947 11.,,,, 1).,,. 1953 9 28
,,, 4 30 ( ), 4 19 12,,, 4 19 7 1960 11. 5 16 6 1961 8 3 9 ( ). 8 19 8 19, 1962 5 14, 1, 10,878. 1968 10 17 1969. 2) 1981. 1989 ( ). < 4-70> 2..,, 1988 59.
[ 4-14]. [ 4-14].. : 2 3 1,., 10 700 1 351 1. 700 1. 1988 102. 1.,,,,,,. : 3 1 1 2 1/3,. 1988 35.,
,,,,,. :,,, 1/2. 1988 15.,,. : 1, 1988 11, 5.,,,.. 3. 1 6 1,. 6 ( ). :.,,,, 5.. 34.. 1988. 1) 102 92 1988 < 4-71>
(1988 2 12 ) 1987, 1988,, 2. (marine center)..,,,. 2) ) 1962 1,
1984 8 11.., (,,, ).,,.,,,,,,,,.. 3,., 1 8, 1 56, 1 8, 1 48 1 8, 1 44.,.,.,,.,,,. ). 99 2 1985 11,.,,,.,, 1988 5 31.... 3)
1987 50, 62,720 1988 14 (2,730 ) 5 1988 59. 11 ( ) 490. 1988 1 16. (, ) 8 500. 4) 1981 7. 1987 6 29 1988 52.5% 31. 1980 12. 1988 13. 3),. 1987 8 6 29, 4 1988 13 2. 5) ) (International Transport Workers Federation: ITF, ) 1971 12 3. 1896. 1982 12 84 385, 416.,,,,.. (Flag of Convenience; FOC Vessel).,,. 4). 1 230 (Blue Certificate)..
.. ) 1986 4 5 G/T, 30.6% 1 2 8 G/T. 1964 7 1970 3,437, 1981 24,850, 1987 47,747 41.4%, 1987 418 56.8% 1988 316.., 1986 6 (Fair Practice Committee)., 1986 7. / (ITF/FKSU), ITF/FKSU ( 1 ). 1983. (maru-ship) (JSU), (KSSU).. 1988. 3,000. 4,. 6) 1988.,. 8 5,.. 1989,.
3 19 (marine center) (15 ) (10 ), (10 ), (10 ). 1988 3,272 4,000. 7) 1 300 (1988 ) 1986 54.3%,, 45.7%. 1986 3 7 93.3%, 52.3%, 29.0%, 11.7% 1987 1 0.23 1. 1978 1986 54.8%, 120.6% 79.5% 1980., 1986..( 4-72 ). 1988 2, 1, 2, 1.,,,, 1986 3 5 5 3 2 9. 8). < 4-72>
. 1988 4,557 ( ), 74, 78. 38. 3.... 1987 11 5 1987 7 8 ( 68.0%), 6 3 ( 54.4%). 42.1% 102 38. 55.4% < 4-73> (1987)
, 15 < 4-74> (1988 ) < 4-75> (1987)
. 70.0%, 83.3% 32.4% 11 ( 4-76 ). 1980 1/3 1988 8 6 ( ) 1979 ( 4-15 ). 1 3,000 1 1 1 2,000. 1 63. < 4-76>
[ 4-15]..,. 1987 65 5.,,,. 59.3%...,.. 6..,. ITF/FKSU... 1 230,, < 4-77> 1)
. 10.,,. 4.,. 1 8, 1 44..,,,.,,.,.. 5).. 4 1988 1 10 2 1989.,,., 1987 6 29 70.. 1). 2),, 1973. 3) 1988 2.
4),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 16. 5),. 9 1. 4 19. 4 19.,. 1960 6 1, 6 8, 6 11, 6 16 ( ), 6 18. 1960 5 28, 1960 6 18.,. 1960 6 29.,, 1960 7 23. 1961 5 16, 1961 8 3. (9 ). 1961 8 19
.,,. < 4-78> 6 29 1981 1980 12 1981 2 24.. 6 29 1986 9 30 1987 9 30 64 34,855 ( 4-78 ).,,,,... 1987 < 4-79> ( ) 11 27,,, 1988 3 3. 1988. 1961 < 4-79>
. 2.. 1988 9 30 113 104,879. [ 4-16].. 1) : 1. 400 1 1988 11 220.. :,,. 3 [ 4-16]
.. :.,,,,,.. 2)
: (,,, ).. 3.. :.. 1988 10,,, 4 17. 3). 1988 10 2... 88 (1987. 10. 1 1988. 9. 30) 1) : 1988 2 5 162 159.,, ( 2 ). : 2 1987,, 1987. :,,, 24.. :, 2). - : - 3% : 1987 3% - : - - 5 - - - - ( ) - ( ) - -
- - - - - - - 3) 327,748,140 ( 1 270 ), 91,150,200 ( ) 548,377 419,446,717. 91,150,200 < 4-80> 328,296,517 ( 4-80 ). 4) 1981 6, 4, 3 ( ) ( 1, 2 ). 3 ( 3, 4, 5 ), ( 4-81 ). < 4-81> 5)
52. 2. 13, 16 45 15,371. 1988 9 1 146 113, 127,675 104,879. 6). - :, 34 3. - :, 10 4 11 6 24. - : 60 2. A2 4.,. 7) APRO-FIET( ). 17,844,000,, 6 15. (JUC), (SBEU). 8). - : ( 266 500 ). - : 1,000. - 87 : 33 1987 4 6 332 500. - 87. 3. 113 ( < 4-82> (1988)
) 27, 37, 34. 5,000,,, 100. < 4-82>. 1988 200 142 65%. 1961 11 (3 ), (2 ), (2 ), (2 ),,. < 4-83>. < 4-83> (1988. 10. 31 )
(white collar)..... 500 33.2%, 8.8%, 58.0%. 68.4%, 31.6% ( 4-17 ). [ 4-17]. < 4-84> 1971 7 2 1988 6 126,407 6.
1971 4.0% 1988 < 4-84> < 4-85> 8.4%. 1988 406 46 11.3%.
( 4-85 ). 89 4 6, 3 6. 100%. < 4-86>.. 1988 9 8 6 3 17.. 1987 < 4-86>. < 4-87>. < 4-87>
4. 6 29. 6 29 6 29,. 6 29,. 1986 9 30 82 92,820, 6 29 1 1988 9 30 113, 104,879.. 6 29, 1986 1,131 1988 928 ( 4-88 ).,. < 4-88> < 4-89>
1982 5, 1983 3, 1984 4, 1985 6, 1986 6. 1987 26 1988 19. 1988 21 21 15, (3 ), (10 ), (4 )..,. 1987 9..,. 1988 13, 1987....,...,..,.,.,..
.,. 3..,.,. 10 1..,,.. 8 15 1945 9 1945 12. 3 5, 1, 2, 1, 2, 150, 5, 1. 6 25. 1953. 1962 2 1, 1986. 1987 4.. 1946 4. ( ). 1954 6.,. 1954 6, 1954 7, 1955 5, 1955 10. 1958 7 30....
1959 12 (7 ).,. 1960 1959 4 19. 1960 5 27 ( 90 ), 5 30 ( 2,800 )..,, 5 16. 1961 8 20 32, 209 8,681. < 4-90> ( ) 1966 3, 1974. 1987 4 1. 1958 ( ) < 4-90>. 2.. [ 4-18].. 1)
:. 250 1 1988 5 53. 1 1 (5 ).. :,,,, 1988 5 45. 1. [ 4-18]
. :.. 2) : (,,,, ).. 3... :. 1988 2 1 4. :....... 3). 1988 2 3.... 1987 (1987. 2. 1 1988. 4. 30). 1) 26 : 1987 2 6 49 46. 25,. : 5. -1 : 38 36 1987 2 5. 2 6. -2 : 31 1987 4.. -3 : 39 1987 9.,,.
-4 : 34 1988 1. 1988. -5 : 33 1988 3. 1988. : 1988 12 23 28. 2) 1988 3 30 12,111 1986 12 31 11,454 1,000. 6 3., - -. < 4-91>, < 4-92>, < 4-93>.. < 4-91> (1988. 3. 30 ) < 4-92>
< 4-93>,, 1987 5 1988 4 3, 5 1. < 4-94>
3) '87 (1987.2.1 1988.4.30) 422,513,924. 11,900,000 410,613,924 ( ).. - (,,,,,,, ) 0.5% ( 45 0.5%, 450 0.9% ). - 0.2% - 0.3%. 298,365,124 ( ), 124,148,800. 4) 1986 87,. 1986 87. - : - :, - : 1% - : 1,000 38% - : 5)
1987 4 1, ( ) 1987 9 30 ( ). 3 (check-off). ( ). 4 ( ) 3. 1. 1. ( ) 2.,, 3. 4., 5. 16 ( ),... 3 ( ).. 6). - : 40 2 3 - : 9 4 - : - : 1 3. A4 ( )4.,,. 7) IUF( ) 1987 2 1 1988 4 30 162. IUF 1987 7 20 7 23. (6 5 ) (6 5 ) 3.
3.... 1) 9,350 77% 6.. 450 1%, 450 1.4%, 2%, - (check-off) - 0.5%. 2) ( 100 ). 1,113 9%. 5 8.. 3 1988.,. 3) 595 5%.. ( 43 ). 1.5%( 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.6%).. ( 2 ).,. 4) 1,049 9%. 0.2%.
< 4-95> (1988. 4. 1 ) < 4-96> (1988. 4. 1 ),... < 4-95> < 4-96>. 64% 40 84%.. 1971 < 4-97>. 1970 1 4 1980 1 3. 1988 1. 1980,.
1971 2.9% 1987 0.7%. 1987 5 406 < 4-97> 1.2%, 1988.. 4...
,. 1988.,!. 700, 600.,....,., 49%, 51%, 49%.,. 11 1. 1945 11 3,,,,,, 19 1945 12 140, 52,869. 11 5 ( ). 1946 7,.. 1958. 1958 43 11,598,,.. 1958 10 11 1952..
., 1958 12,,, 4...,,, 5. 1959 4 25 12 29.,,,,. 1960 4,,,,, 1961 3 47 15,235 1959 9 7 1,159. 4, 5 16 1961 5 6. 1961 8 9,,,,,. 1961 8 22 39. 1973. 1980 1976 1979. 1) 1980 12 ( ) 1981 2. 1986 1987 7. 1988 3. 2..,,,,,, 1989 3 828 192,145. [ 4-19]. [ 4-19]
. ( 1 ). 1)
, 5 1/3,. 500 1 251 1. 500 1.,,,,. 2) 50 100,,,. 3),, 10 30,,,.. 4).,,. 16 1988 3, 8 28 27. 1,, 1.. 5),,,, 3..,,,,.,,.. 6 1.
3 1 13 13.,,.,,.. 1 3.. 1989 1 1 14 9.. 1987. 1) 1987 2 20 338 1 2 169, 168 1. 7 7 228,,, (230 197, 43), 1986 1987. 1987 10 22 80 45. 1987 6 1987,,, 6,.. 2) 1987 7 8 247, 84,043 45 13,569. 1987 12 435 199,745 1 202, 70,474. 1988 3 30 6 1989 3 828 192,145. 6 29.,,, ( 2 ). 3) 1987 6 29 3 78.,,,.
7 8 ( 3 ),. 9 15., 2,. 1987,. 4) 1987 2 1, 50. 50 ( 4 ). 1, 2, 20. 5) 2 133. 1, 11, 20.,, 17 604. 6) 87,,,,. 87 3 87. 233 87 117 50.2%, 87 411 173 42.1%. 20 1979 1987 1 1959 4 1979 10 26. 7) 1967 1978
. < 4-98> 1975,, (ICEF). 8) 1987 2 9 4 97.5% 250 (1988 2 225 ). (23.7%), (20.0%), (16.0%). 1978 1987 1978 2 5 8 13.9% 127.4% 49.9%.,. 9) 1988.,,. 1987 1 50, 1 100 (1987 960,000, 250,000 ). 1 1
1,. 10) 1987 500 10 22 23. 1987 7. 3..,,,,,, < 4-99> 1) 1989 3 828 192,145. 30% 70 80.. 1959 4 12 1961 5 16 60 70 1979 12 409 169,029. 1980 12 30 1986 4. 1987 6 29 1 202 70,474, 1988 3 30 [ 4-20]
6 1987 192,145 828.. 1987,,,, < 4-100> (1987 )
< 4-101> (1987)
,. 1987 338 5. 1987 ( 4-100, 4-101 ). 10,, ( 4-102 ). < 4-102> 1987 12 85,231 42.7% 1987 3 34.5%..,, PVC. 1987 12,, 66.1%. 50% ( ) 10%. 1987 21,353 (159.8%) ( 4-103 ). 1987 12 16. 1988. < 4-103>
. ( 4-104 ).,,,,,.,,,,. 8.. 1988 28 1989 1 27. < 4-104> ( ) (1987. 12. 31 )
<표 4-105> 화학노련의 업종별 임금 및 단체협약1)
< 4-106> ( ) (1989. 3. 31 )
4. 6 29. 1987 6 29 1987 6 29. 1986 129,271 1987 199,745 54.5%, 233 435 86.7%. 1988 3 30 5 1989 3 828 192,145 1987 12.,,. 554.8(1986) 232.1(1989. 3).
< 4-107> 1987 43 1986 5 (247 ) 17.4% 1986 20.0%, 2 ( 0.9%) 1986 6 ( 2.7%). 38 84.4% 1986 63.6% ( 4-107 ).. 1986 31 1987 78, 1986 16 (51.6%) 1987. 1986 18 (58.1%) 3 1987 78 (73, 93.6%). 6 29. 1987 < 4-108>
< 4-109>. < 4-109>. 6 29.. 1986 25 11.4%(1985 ) 1987 62 < 4-110>
<표 4-111> 화학노련의 업종분과별 임금인상1)
26.6%(1986 ), 70%. 6 29 13. 6 29. 1987 9.2% 6 29 13.3% 20% ( 4-111 )..,.. 16 1988 8 28,
.,. 5.., 1988..,.., 1988 2 500 1 1989 2 800 900., 1989 3 800 200 40%,.., 70. 1989 3 9, 25 2, 20, 3. 1), 20, 1987. 12 1.,,,, 1954 1958, 6 25,.
1959 3, 1960 10 2, 3. 1961 5 16 6 8 3, ( ),,,,, ( ). ( ) 609. 1968 ( ), 1979 ( ) 1981. 1) 1 5 12. 1980 12 30 1981 2 23 ( ) ( ). 1980 1986 6 59.0% ( 4-115 ) 2 1986 1980. 1985 ( ) 1987 6 29 1 2 1988 5 ( ). < 4-112> < 4-112> 4 5 (1961 9 1988 5 ). 2.. 1988 3 529, 295,864.
[ 4-21]. 1). 5,, 2/3 1/3. 500 500 1 251 1. 251 500 1. 251 251 1
100 1, 51 1, 100 1. 1988 5 326. 2),. 2),, 70,.. 3),,,, 20.. 4). 6 1. 3 1.. 5) 1 5 14 1988 5, 1 6 16..,,..,,,,,, 7.
6) 1,, 1. 3. 2.,..,. 1988 5, 13, 5 20,, 1 3. 1989 2 17 4 13.. 1987 (1987 4 1 1988 3 31 ). 1) 1987 5 247 229 1986,,, 1987,. 1987 1 240 250. 1988 5 326 324. ( ) 181 141 ( ), < 4-126>., 251 500 1 251 1, 70 70.,,, 2/3 ( ). 1987 3,,,, 1988,,. 1987 5 4. 5 (1988 3 30 ),,,,.
2) 1987 6 29. 1987 4 1988 3 357 129.8% 26.1% 93 3.6% 10 254 (92.4% ), 156,874 (112.9%). 6 29 (1987 7 5 ).. 7 8. 2 21 1. 3) 1987 6 29. 1987 (, ) 846 (1,955 ) 43.3%. 260 30.7%, 1987 109.. 64.2%, 18.3% 12.8% ( 4-113 ). < 4-113> 1987
15,. 4.. 1987. 4) 6 29.,
,,, 6 29. 1986 6 289 1987 9 1,423.. 46. 71. 503 107. 5) 1988,,,,. 1987. 148 30%. 2. 1986 35% 59.6%, 69.8%. 6) 1980 1980 1981 1985 5 1988 6. 12,,.. 1 130, 1 50, 90%, 50%. 150,000 1987 3. 1987 850,000., 1987. 7) 1983,,.. 6 1989. 8) 1987 5 1 5. 89.5%( ) 1 250 (9.5%) (1.0%). 1987 (24.3%) (13.4%), (9.0%) 1987
,, ( 4-114 ). 1987 1978 1 5 6 230.3% 127.4% 45.3%. 1978,,,,,,,. 1987 (3.2%) 1978. < 4-114> 9). 3) 6 29 100 2. 1987 7~8 (IMF) 7 8
. 3.,,.,. 1974 1987 59,. 12 363., 2 25, 78. 1),,, 1988, P. 158. 2) 251 500 1. 3) 1988 12 5. 3.. 1 ( 37) ( 38) 70 1979. 1980 1983 1987 [ 4-22]
. 80 1987 6 29. 1 112.7% 295,864, 1 92.4% 529,. 1971 3.7% 1979 11.9% 1982 7.9% 1984 1986 1979. 6 29 1988 406 15.3% 62 ( 4-23 ).. 1974 43% 1988 3 22.8%. 1987 3 < 4-115>
53.7% 83.7%. 1987 3,, 40% [ 4-23]
< 4-116> (1987. 3 ) < 4-117>
( 4-116 ). ( 4-117 ).. 1988,. < 4-118> 1) (1988. 9. 30, )
< 4-119> (1988. 10 )
1% 1 1.5%.. 1/2. 1988 10 232 86.2% 7.3%. 2
61.7%. 90.9%. 93.4%. < 4-120> < 4-121> 4. 6 29. 1987 6 29. 1987 4 1988 3 275 129.8% 357
. 1986 12.0% 1987 26.1% 2,1986 58.3% 1987 91.3%. 254, 156,874 ( 4-122 ). 1987 6 29. 1987,,, 846 < 4-122> 43.3%, 260 30.7%. 6 29. 1987 7 8 < 4-123>., 7 8. 1) < 4-123> 1987 ( ) 91 1986 32 60%. 27.5% 25 6 29.
,, 30 6 29 6 29 < 4-124>.,.,,,,,, < 4-125>
,,,.,,,... 6 29 1987 1988. 326 32.0%. 6 29 (12 ) (4 ) 1987 6 29 1987 4 ( ) 1988 1 ( 4-125 ). 1988 3 1 50 559.3, 6 [ 4-24]
29, ( 4-23 ). 1988 5 251 500 1 251 1.,,,. 70 ( ).. 1988 5 181 141.., ( ), 1988 1979 2)., ( 4-126 )... 1987 7 8. < 4-126>
1987 6 29 (,, ).. 6 29 3),,., 4).,. 58.7% ( 4-113 ).. 1987 7 8., 6 29...,..
. 1) 3.5 7.1 4.7 ( 2-24 ). 2),,, 1988, p.158. 3) 1987 8 8 ( ) 1988 1988 7 ( ). 4),,, 4 1988 9 30 9 4 3 10 12. 3 15 10 25 4 9.. 13 1. 5 16.,. 2.,, 12 1963 7 1, 7 3. 1963 7 6 30, ( ),,,. 1) 1980.
< 4-127>. 1977 7 10 1 5 1977 7 ( ) 12. < 4-127> 2..,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1988 3 45, 5,269 4-25 4-25
. 1), 3 1,, 1/3.,. (3 ) 100 1 51 1. 51 101 1 51 1. 1988 5 50.,,,,,,,.
2), 15,.,, (, ),,. 3),,.,,,,. 4). 6 1, 1/4.. 5),,.... 7.... 4, 2 1 1. 6).. 3. 6 25 1 4 40 20,,. 1988 11
4-26 1988 1. 1988 5 1988 3 5,269, 45.,, < 4-128> (1988. 3. 31 )
< 4-129> (1988 ). 76.2%, 117.1. 800,, 300. 1988 5 50 3 (9 ), (4 ), (3 ), (3 ). 1% 2,000. 1/3 20% 1 3. 1988 1988 5, 1988 11. 1 500 '87 (1987. 1. 1 1988. 3. 31) 3 4 7 < 4-130>
< 4-131>
.'87 4,348 82.5%( 5,269 ). 15.1% (28.7%) 30%. 1978 189.3% 11.1%. 4. 8. 1988 5.,. 3 10. 1988.,,. 1),, 1979, p.576. 14 1. 1963. 1963 11 15 2 6 66 64. 1980 ( ). 1980 2 2 2. 1981 1985
. 1988 4 1987 17 1988 6 8 5. 1988 5,,, < 4-132>,,,. 2.. 1988 6,,,,, 8 5 600,, 4-27.. 1),, 1/3.,, 1 700 1.,,
,,,,. 2) 55 4-27.,,,,,,,,,,. 3),,,,,,.
,,,, < 4-133>,.. 4),,,..,,,,,,... 1., 6 1,,. 3. 5),,,,,,,.
6 10%. 3,. 1981.,. 1986.. 6) 1 4 13,.,,. 1989 2, 2 26, 15.. '87 (1987.1.1 1987.12.31). 1) 1987 2 92 1986,, 1987. 1988 4 59. 1987.,,. 2),, ( ), ( ),. 1987. 100Km 1987 4 1 200km.,,. 1982 11,, 63.,,.
,, 1987 11 30 ( ).,,,,, '88. 3). 1987 89,,, 1987.. 1987 < 4-134> (1988. 6. 1 ), '87., ( ),, 25, 1988 11 15. 4) 1986 145,216, 1,195 1 1987 173,689, 1,655,, 1987 6 29. 367, 25,770, 1988 4. 200Km
. < 4-135> 1987 1988 7. 1988 6 85,138 629. 5) 1987 1 908 32.4% 294.,,,,,,,, 80%.,,,,. 1987 6 29. 8 14. 8 21 11% 52, 22 26. 1),,,,,,,,,,. 2).. 1987 6 29 208 98.5% 205, 6 29 1,081 85.7% 927 1987 1,289 87.5%. 1987 2 4 6 29. 4 25 6 29 9 3. 431 38.1%. 37.3%.,
6 29. 6 < 4-136> (1987. 1.1 12.31) LPG. 1987 12 6. 1987 13.6%, 13.6%, 8.7%, 8.5%, 8.5%, 10.1%. 1987 43, 19 36 83.7% ( 4-137 ). 16, 7, 11, 2, 5 1987, 1, ( 4-138 ). 6) 6 29. < 4-137> (1987)
< 4-138> (1987),, 16,.,,,,.. 7) 1987 21,, 20, 13 (ITF), 29.,,. 9. 8)
4 1987 4 16,500 2. 100Km 200Km, 87.. 9) 1982. 1987 12 179 7 5, 1987 72 1 1 4 11%. 3.. 1963 26,481 1980 160,326 1981 88,295. 1987 173,689 1988 4 1988 6 85,138, 629 40.2% ( 4-26 ). 287 ( 45.6%) 42,849 ( 50.3%),, [ 4-28] < 4-139> (1988. 6. 1. )
,, 500 74,660 79.5%, 87.7%. 66,357 77.9% 11,260 ( 13.2%), 4,491 ( 5.3%) ( 4-139 ). 1987 12 14.3%. 37.7%, 29.2% ( 4-140 ). < 4-140>
.. 1988 5 1 444,090 579,208. 1 10.0 27.8 64.0 54.0., 40 4~5.,. 60.0%.,,,, < 4-141> (1988. 5. 1 )
< 4-142> (1988. 5. 1 ) < 4-143> 1986
6.3%. (career delvelopment).,. 1 15.7 3),,, ( 4-141 142 ). 1 0.68 ( 4-143 ).. 2%,.. 1 7,000 12%, 6 10%... 1980 1987. < 4-144> < 4-145>
(1987.1) 60.7% 31.3% 51 55.... 70. 70. 4),....,.,..,,... 1 2 3. 4,. 5. 1 6 3. 6 1 2 3..
.. 2....,.,,,,,,. 4. 6 29. 1987 1987 3,749 34.4% 1,289. 1,132 30.2%, 87.8%. 149 0.183 0.605 0.040. 5).,,,... 1986 1987 6 7 6 29, 1987,,... 1987 90.5%. 51.7%. 1 70%. 9 1988 4 15 5 25...,. 1989..,....,. 8
1.. 2 2., 8. 1 1..,. 1983 2,3 1,,,. 1), 1987. 8. 22. 2), 1987. 8. 19. 3), 1987, p.106. 4) 60,, 1974 3. 5) 5 49,115 (, 1987 ), 1,955 ). 15 1. ( ). 1961 9, 13. 1980
. 1961 9 ( ) < 4-146>. < 4-146> ( ) 2.. [ 4-29]. [ 4-29]
. 1) :. 1 500 1. 1, 1987 1 107.,. :,
. 1987 1 34.. :. 1987 1,,,,,,, 8. 2) : (,,, ). 3,. 1..,.,... :.. 1987 1 6. :... 3). 6 1, 4 1.,.,. 1987 1 5.. '87 (1987.1.1 1987.12.31). 1) : 1987 1 107.,,,, 1988,. : 2 1 3.,,,,,
. : (2 ), (1 ), (1 ), (1 ), (1 ),. < 4-147> 2) 1987 12 31 417, 74,261, 34,318 108,579. 1 1986 237, 50,497, 1987 7.( 4-147 ). 1987 7 12 31 < 4-148>.,,,, < 4-148> (1987.12.31 )
48%, 63%. 60, 15, 15, 15, ( ) 37, 18. 3) 1 270 ( ). 1987 194,223,420. 36,365,020 157,858,400 ( 4-149 ).. 1987 199,680,000 162,464,940 (81.4%), 1988 162,464,940(81.4%), 1988 36,107,500 18%. < -149>
4)., 2.,,, (33%) ( 1 ). 5 4. 9%, 1 2 ( 150%), 5 5%, 10,000.?,,.. 5) 6 29 68.. 10, 9, 2, 3, (,, ) 1987 7 22 58., ( ),,. 6),,,.. 7)
. - : 20 2 3. - : 1987 8 1 46, 9 2 72, 11 3 90 208 4,,. - : 2.. 1987 1 11 10,000, 1987 10. 8) (IFBWW) 1987 1,647,875. 1987 3. 3 3 1 3 3 6 1 3 3 6 2 2 6. 3.. 1988 6 30 146,356, 67.2%, 32.8%. 1971 1971 3 9 1988 14 6 ( 4-150 ).. 1961 60. < 4-150> < >
. 6. 6 ( ),,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,. ( ). < 4-151> ( )
< 4-151>,,,,.,,,,,.,. ( 4-152, 153 ). < 4-152> (1988)
< 4-153>.,,.,. < 4-154>
.. < 4-154>. 4. 6 29. 6 29 6 29..,. 1 < 4-155>. 6 29 1 3 4, 2 4 1.9 1.43. < 4-155>,. 6 29,,, 6 29,,,..,. 1987 68.,,.,.,,,
,.. 14, 7.. 6 29..,..,..,. 600 2 ( ), 1 ( ), 5 (, )., 1 6 ( ).,,., ' ' ' '....,. ' ', ' '. 16 1. ( ) 1970.. 1967 ( ). - 1967. 5. 30 :. - 1967. 6. 9 :. - 1968. 3. 29 :
- 1968. 3. 30 :. - 1968. 4. 6 : - 1968. 5. 8 : 3 5. - 1968. 7. 15 : - 1969. 7. 8 :. - 1970. 12. 1 :. < 4-156> ( ) - 1970. 12. 12 : - 1970. 12. 23 :. - 1981. 2. 24 : 1970 ( ) < 4-156>. 2.. [ 4-30].. 1) : 2. 100 1, 1987 [ 4-30]
94.. :,, 20.. :,,,.. 2) : (,,, ). 3..
:. 1987 4. :... 3). 1987 3. 2.. '87 (1987.1.1 12.31). 1) : 1987 2 16. 1986 1987. : 1987 3 30.. : 1, 3,, 2, 1. 2) 1988 6 30 109, 15,384. 1 1987 6 60, 6,803. 1987 6 1 < 4-157>. 3) 1987 600 ( ). 1987 < 4-157>
4,800, 500, 540 60,444,877 ( 4-158 ). 1987 640 300, 120 1,100 ( ). 4) 1987. 1987 10 < 4-158> 21 23 2 3 35,,,,. 5) (IUF) 1987 118 ( 1987 ). 1987 6. 15,, 4. 3..
1988 6 15,384, 57.8%, 42.2% ( 4-160 ). 1971 2 1979 1 1 1981 8. 1985 8 1987 1 ( 4-159 ). < 4-159> 1971 0.5%, 1980 1.1%, 1988 1.0%. 1986 240 1 (0.4%). 1987..,,,,,,,,. 70%.,,.. < 4-160> < 4-161>.
< 4-160> (1987) < 4-161> 67%, 14% 4%, 3%, 2%, 10%. 4. 1989.... ( )...
2 (, ), ( ) 6,.,... 1987 1 495 60,444,877 1, 1988 1.,. 1987 48,186,450 600, 1986 8,676 77%. 17 1. ( ).. ( ) 8, 1946 9 10 2. 1958 3 24.,.. (PTTI). 1947 5 (ICFTU) 5 (,, ) PTTI. PTTI 1958,., PTTI. ( )... 1959 3 1. 3 5,,, 6 1,800. 1958 12 1
. 1958 9. 4 19 1961 4. 5 16 1961 8 16.. 1958 1,826 1960 4,866, 1970 21,181. 1964,,,.. 1982 1 1, 1 6 ' ' 1 6. 1987 12 18. [ 4-31]. 1958 3 ( ) < 4-162>. [ 4-31] < 4-162> ( )
2.. [ 4-32].. 1) : 250 1, 1987 88. 4... : 1,000 1 1988 4 25.. :, 1988 4 30. [ 4-32]
. :. (7 ). 2) :. (,,,,,, ) 3... : ( )... 1988 4 4.
3).. 6,. 1988 4 4.. '87 (1987.5.1 1988.4.30). 1) : 1987 4 88 86,,,, 1987. 1987 12 18 88, ( ),. : 4. - 1987 1 : 1987 8 7-1987 2 : 1987 10 7-1988 3 : 1987 11 7-1988 1 : 1988 2 7 2) ( ).. - - 150 -,, :. 3) 1.3%. '86 (1986.4.1 1987.4.30) 742,349,875 269,602,893 ( 36%). 10% 26%. 776,101,041, 275,656,511.
1988 9, 3 1 ( 34%), 5 9.. 4), 1 ( 1 ).,,,,. 3, 10. 1987, 3 4, ( ) 10,, 10. 1987 5 1987 7 54, 1987 9, 1987 12 55.,,. 5) - -... < 4-163> 1987 6 1 21,437 4-163>. 6)
. - : 99 4 - (PTTI) : PTTI ('86 690 ) 101 3 5 6. - : 1987 4 13 5 9 3 ( ) 28,000. 7). 6 5 4. PTTI,. PTTI. PTTI..,.. < 4-164>. 26 40 9%, 40%.. < 4-165>. 52% 98%. < 4-164>. < 4-164> (1987.6.1 )
< 4-165> (1987. 6. 1 ) < 4-166> (1987. 6. 1 ) < 4-166>. 20 10%, 10 47%.. 3. 6 29. 6 29 6 29, 1988
.. 1). - 1987 12 28 : 1987 3-1987 12 18 :. (PTTI) - 1987 12 29 : - 1988 1 26 : 65. 1988 4. - 1988 2 4 : 4-1988 2 23 : 66-1988 2 24 :.. 2) < 4-167>., 35.5%. < 4-167> (1987.2.28 )
..,..,.,..,. 1982, 1985 4 30..
.,.. 18 1. ( ) 1988 3 3.,,
. 1986 1 9.,, 1988. 8 ( ) 1987 11 27. (1988.4.12.). 8,. 1988 2 15 22 1 2, 5,000, 7,000 58%. 1987 7 9, 13 1987 7, 1988 3 10 650. 2.. [ 4-33].. 1) : 2., 1. [ 4-33]
. :. 3 1.. :,. 2) : (,, ). 3,.. :.. 1989 2
2. 3)... 1988 2 1. 4) 1988. 1... ( ) 1 2 ( ). 3. 1989... 4. 1989 20........... 8.,.,. 19 1.
1987,, 15. 1984,,,. 1984 25.9% < 4-168> 1987 51.7%., 70%. 9, 1988 4 15 ( ) 5 25.. < 4-169> 2. 1988 5 1,217, 95,890..
3 4, 2/3, 1/3. 3 800 1 401 1.,,,,,,,,.. 50 3.,,,,,,,,.,,,,,..,,,, 30.,,,..,,,. 3..,,,,,,,,... 6 1 ( ).. (,, ), (,, ), ( ), (, ), (,, ).., 2 22.
.,.. 1, 2/3.,,,,. 30, 2/3,.,,.,. 1) 3.. 1988 5 1,217 96,610 < 4-170) (1988. 5. 31 ) 65.7%, 75.5%.,,. 1987 12 89,550 4, 229..
.. 1985 5. 2),,,,.. 16 24.. 1984 5., 1985 6. 60%. 1988 26 295,000 300% 53,000 348,000. 7 348,000. 4.1. 3) 1 33,150,,,, 10.2. 102,000 ( 26 ) 450,000. 4),,,,, 60%. 1 0.50. 5) 6., (1987 ) 5 13,400., (1988 < 4-171> 1988 6
< 4-172>
99,420 ), 6).... 1987 1987 30.2% 1,132 < 4-173> (1987) < 4-174>
< 4-175> (1987). 1986 30.4%, 1988 38.7%. 78.8 1. < 4-175> < 4-176> 1987 4,8,9,,,, < 4-176>
.. 7) 29.4% 7.3% 4, 8.0% 4.6% 13.9% < 4-177>1988 ( ) (, 1987.6.29~10.31) < 4-178>1987 ( ) (, 1987.6.29~10.31)
( 4-177 ). 11 33.0% (11.2%), (10.1%) ( 4-187 )...,. 80. 80.,. 32.0 (1988 2 ), 1983 1 171 (1983 ) 1 4 (1983 ) 252 95%.....,, 1988 7.0 2.9..,.. ( 4-179 ).. 1987 60.7%.. 1987 1 9 52% 10.8 ( 4-180 )..
,. < 4-179> (1988.9.30 ) < 4-180> (1988.1.1~9.30),.,,.. < 4-180>,.,... 1984 10 27 3 ( 4-181 ).. 1988. 1987 4 8), 6 29 9. 1987 10.
,.,, (asymmetric information). < 4-181>,. 4.., 1986 1988 5 68.1%, 50.9%.,...,. ( ).,.,.. 50%.,.,,,.,,,,.,,.. 50 100~200..
,..,,,,,., 1 496km( 319.5km), 85.2%( 52.0%), 52.7 ( 37.6 ) < 4-182> 1 ( 42.4%, 13.9%) 9) (4-182 ).. 1) 1 800 1 1,400. 1989 1 37 893 24.1. 1 480. 2) 3), 88, 1988.9. 4),,1988. 12. 5), 1987 6), 88, 1988.9. 7),, 1989, pp.90~92. 8) < 1>.
9),, 1988. 12. 20 1. 1988 3 24 ( ). 1980, 1987 6 29. 1988 1 7 17, 2 4 24. 2 12 3 24. 5 24, 5 26.,,...,,,. 1987 12 61,541 30.8%..
2..,, 31, 6 5 (1989 1 ) [ 4-34].. 1) 5 1/3,. 500 1 251 1 500 1..,,,,,,,. 2) 20 50, [ 4-34]
., 1/3,,,,,,. 3),, 7 15 2 1..,,. 4), 6. 5) 1 1 3 14. 85% 1 20.,,
3., 20,000, 5,000 65,000,.,. 6),, 3,..,. 1 3.... 5 1 4 7. 3. < 4-183> (1988). 1989 1 31 6 5 30% 84%, 85%. 1989 1,. 1% 1,300 225. 3 2,097. < 4-184>
< 4-185>.. 1986 7.6%, 3.9% 23.3% 1987 7.2%., 2., 63.8%(1987 12 ) 90%. ( 4-185 ).. 1988 12 2,554,., 20,
.,,. 1988 10, 12 (ICEF). 30.. 1974. 3 ( ). 1 1. 2~3 5 1... 1 1 2 4... A, B, C 3 B, 1,. 70 1987 1980.,,,,, 4.,,,.,... 3..,.,. 10,.
.,..,..,.,. 20 30% 10.,.,.., 5,000~6,000 3~4.. 21 1. ( ),,. 2, 4 13.. 1 1. 1985 2 56 " 400.", 1986 2 ' '. 2,. 1987 2. ( ) 4 13.,,, 2 9. 4 13 1987 7 12.,
. 2, 1987 11 27 45.. ( 1988 2 ). ' ',., 6 1988 6 30 1988 8.,. 2.. [ 4-35].. 1) :. 1 5,. 3 1.. : 5.. < 4-186>. : (,,, ) 1, [ 4-35]
< 4-186>. 1, 3 1.. 2) : 3.
. : 3.. 1988 5 9. : 3 (1988 ).. 3). 1988 5 2.,, 6 1. 3.. < 4-187>, 1987.,. 1987 11 82 1988 90, 3 5. 90 < 4-187>.,, 3. ' '.. ' ' 3 2 8 87%...
.,.,.,...,.,..,. 2 (, ), 2 4. 90 3 5 ' '..,,. 22 1.. ( ),,., 4 19, 1974. 6 29 1987 10 11, 12 MBC., 1988 4 6 15., MBC,. 1988 7 30 10. 8 8,,, 9. 11 3, 11 26. 41 2
1989 1 43. KBS 4,500 MBC 1,000 1,000 13,600. 22, 20, 1., 1989 2.. 1) [ 4-36]. 2) ) :, 10.,. : 1. 1, 3 1. [ 4-36]
. ),,. :. (,,, ). 100, 3 2. 2 1. :,,,. 3 1.. :. 2.. 1989 1 5. :.. ).. 6 1. 1989 1 2.. 1989.,.,.,. A2 ( 1 ) 4 2 3..,.,.,,,.,,.,,, PD.,. TV 100 200, 100
.. 2.. ( ) 1988 12 17. 150, 1987,,, 4 1987. 1987 7.,. 1987 12 12..,.. 1989 1 120, 25,000. 40%..,,,, 400 500 10. 2 3..,,... 1) ) 6. 100 300 1, 500 1..
), 50. 2, 3 1... 2) ) (,,, ) 2.. ). 1988 12 6. ).,. 3). 6 1.. 1988 12 3.. 1) 1989. ) - - - - - (,,, )
) - ( ) -,, - ) - - - :,,. ) - :. - :. 2).,.,.,,,..,.,,. -.,.. ( ). ' ',. 3.. 1) ( ) ) 1988 5 29. 1987 1988. 1989 1 29 23 93 10
.. - 1 25 : 43 123 20-1 27 : 7-2 7 2 28 : - 3 13 : - 5 6 : - 5 14 15 : - 5 29 : ) 1988 12 98 33,781. 41, 15, 9,,, ( 4-188 ). < 4-188>,,,. 1987, 183. ),,..,, < 4-188> (1988. 12. 6 ),,,.
. 20. MT,. 1988. 1988 10 9. 1 100 1987 9 11 23,700 < 4-189> 70% 237 1 536 ( 4-189, 190 ). ( ). 20 - -. < 4-190> (1 )
2) ( ) ) ' ' 1988 6 18. 1987 9 11. 1987 1988 2 3.,. 6 18 27 250. ) 10 (1989 1 18 ) 1989 1 47 7. 422 11%, 122,000 5.7%. 30 1987 ( 149 ). 1 100,
60. 3) ( ) 1987 7 8.. 1988 1 ( ). 1988 4 24 6 25. 11 (89. 1. 7 ) 89 1 28, 4,500. 94 30%. ( 1,200 ).,,,. 4) ( ),, 32 1988 12 28. 11 1989 1 38, 8,200.,,, 4,. (1988 7 27 ), (1988 8 12 ), (1988 11 24 ),. 5) 1988 6 10 10., ' '. 1988 ( ). 10 (1989 1 18 ) 1989 1 21 8. 654 3%, 25 3% ( ). 1 100. 10. 6) ( )
) 1987, 10, YMCA, JOC,.. 10, 1987 12 12 ( ).. - : - :,, ) 11 (1989 1 7 ) 40 ( 120 ), 2 8. ( ),,,,,.. 1 100.. 7) ( ) 1988 8 21 18 46.,,,. 88 1 30, 6,300.( 11 ). 199 15%, 26,627 24%. 8) ( ) ' ' 1988 4 16. 1987. 1987 8, 1988 1 ( ) ' '. 17 12, 1,200 (, 11 ). 39 31%.
( 500 ) 100.. 9)., 1987,.,. ' ',.,.., ( )..,. ".".. 1) ) 1961 8,, 3. 1962,. 1966 1 26.,. ),,,, ( )., 1.,..
6 1 3,. (3 ). 1988 1,300. ) :. 1987 1987 6 12, 9 5,. : 1988. -1989 18% - : - : 50% - : 1964 1973 6 - : 4 - : - 28 : 28 ' ' '5 ' - :, - : - : 58 5 61-2) 1987. 1987.. 1988 3 12 13. 1988 6.
. 6 3 ( ). 38 1 2,, ( 4-191 ).,,,,,. 1 4 < 4-191>
. 1 150, 2. 3) ( ),, 1988 1 19 10,. 22 1,800. 1987 8.,, ( ). ' '..,,. 1 200. 4) ( ). 1988 10 18 4 11 4. 11 4 7 1988 12 11. 1970 70.,,
.,..?..,,. 37 1. 9, 6, 10, 12. 2, 1989 1 2.,.. 5) ( ) ( ) 1988 2 1. 1987 8, 200 85.,,. 40~50, 1... 1989. ( ),,. 6) 1987. 1987 9 10, 1988.,,,,.,
. 1988 8,, 1988 12 10 ( ). 1988 12 39 27 1 2.,,,. 7),, 1989 1 28. 1989 2 50 4,000... 1 250.. 8)., 1987 1988.., 3.,,,.,,.,,.,, -,,, -.,.. 1988 12
6 30 6, 90 5, 27 4, 22 15, 38 9.,. 5 1. 1989 2 21, 20. 1987 5, 1987 6 16. 1987 6 5 16.. 1961 8 16 8 25,,,,,,,,,, 12, 8 30~31. 1961 9 5 1 9 20, 9 21 14. 1963 7, 11, 1970 12 17. 1980 9 ( 1979 6 ) 16. 1980,,, 1982 1961 1987. 1961 1987 60 1987. 5 16 1987 6, 3 3,.. 60,,,
.,,. 1988,,, 4.,. 1987~89,,..., ( ).,.,...,, 2.. ' 2 ' ' '..,,., (JOC), 70. 80 YH 10 26. 5 1987, 1987.., 1989 6 ( ). 682, 20. < 5-1> 202,307 15%. < 5-1> 2 682, 20
< 5-1> (1989. 1. )., ( ) 2. 2 < 5-2>. 6, 5, < 5-2> (1988. 12. 6 )
15, 9. 2 ' 2 '.. < 5-1> < 5-2>. 1989 1 ' 2 ' < 5-3>. 2 1989 1 358, < 5-3> 2 (1989. 1. )
102,116. 1) 1988 12 31 6,142 5.8%, 1,707,456 6.0%. 1) ( ). 2.
,.,,.,.,., ' '.,.,.,.,,. 5 16.,. ' '.. 1989 2 3... 1,000, 77% 11% 7%.. 38%. 1)? (DGB),,. DGB 100%,,,,,,. DGB,,. DGB 15 DGB 5,.
. DGB, DGB,. 1),, 1987, P. 31. 1963. 4. 17 1329 1963. 12. 7 1481 1973. 3. 13 2610 1974. 12. 24 2706 1980. 12. 31 3350 1981. 4. 8 3422 1986. 12.31 3925 1987. 11.28 3966 1 1 ( ),.(80. 12. 31 ) 2 ( ) 20 1..(74. 12. 24 ) 3 ( ) " ". 1. (80. 12. 31 )
1. 2. 3. 4..,. (87.11. 28 ) 5. (87.11. 28 ) 4 ( ) " ",. 5 ( ) " ". 6 (80. 12. 31) 2 1 7 ( ) 40. 39 1 2. (74.12. 24 ). 8 ( ).. 9 ( )..(73. 3. 13 ). 10 ( ). 11 ( ). 12 ( )... 12 2( 3 ),,., 3. (86. 12. 31 ) 2 13 ( ) 2 (, ),,, ( " " ). (87. 11. 28 ) 1. 2.
3. ( ) 4. 5. 6.,,, 1. (87. 11. 28 ) (87. 11. 28) 1 15.(87. 11. 28 ) 14 ( ). (87. 11. 28 ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 15 ( ) 13 1 3.(87. 11. 28 ) 16 ( ).(87. 11. 28 ) 3 17 ( ) 30. 1. ( ) 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 4 5 3.(80. 12. 31 ) 18 ( ) 1, 3 1.(80. 12. 31 ). 19 ( )., 3 4
.(80. 12. 31 ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.., 3 2. (80. 12. 31 ).(80. 12. 31 ) 20 ( ). (73. 3. 13 ).(80. 12. 31 ). (80. 12. 31 ). (63. 1. 7 ) (73. 3. 13) 21 ( ) 10. (87. 11. 28 ) 22 ( ).. (87.11.28 ) 23 ( ). (80. 12. 31 ) 3. (87. 11. 28 ) 2.(87. 11. 28 ) 24 ( ) 100 2. (86. 12. 31) 25 ( ) 6 1,.(87. 11. 28 ). (87. 11. 28 ) 26 ( ). 3 1 ( 3 1 ). (87. 11. 28 ) 2. 3 1.(87. 11. 28 ) 27 ( ) 15,..
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