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THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2014 Dec.; 2512, 1292 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2014.25.12.1292 ISSN 1226-3133 Print ISSN 2288-226X Online Performance Analysis on Terrain-Adaptive Clutter Map Algorithm for Ground Clutter Rejection of Weather Radar 김혜리 정정수 곽영길 김지원 김지현 고정석 Hye-ri Kim Jung-soo Jung* Young-kil Kwag* Ji-won Kim Ji-hyeon Kim Jeong-seok Ko 요약,,.,.,., C-Map. I/Q,., 91.17 %. Abstract Weather radar systems can provide weather information of the ground, sea, and air in extensive spatial coverage in near real time. However, it becomes problematic when ground clutter signal exists around precipitation because strong signals of ground can cause a false precipitation report. A large percentage of land coverage of Korea consists of mountainous regions where ground clutter needs to be mitigated for more accurate prediction. Thus, it is considered necessary to introduce a new suitable ground clutter removal technique specifically adequate for Korea. In this paper, the C-MapClutter Map method using raw radar signals is proposed for removing ground clutter using a terrain-adaptive clutter map. A clutter map is generated using raw radar signalsi/q of clear days, then it is subtracted from received radar signals in frequency domain. The proposed method is applied to the radar data acquired from Sobaeksan rain radar and the result shows that the clutter rejection ratio is about 91.17 %. Key words: Clutter Rejection, Clutter Mapping, Weather Radar Signal Processing. 서론,, [1],[2]. 2014 R&D " WRC-2013-A-1". Weather Radar Center, Korea Meteorological Administration * Department of Avionics, Korea Aerospace University Manuscript received August 29, 2014 ; Revised November 4, 2014 ; Accepted November 20, 2014. ID No. 20140829-067 Corresponding Author: Young-kil Kwag e-mail: ykwag@kau.ac.kr 1292 c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved.

, 200 500 km.. [3]. PPPPulse Pair Processing [4]. fixed width clutter filter variable width clutter filter.,., [5]. GMAPGaussian Model Adaptive Processing, Gaussian /. GMAP.,,.,,, CMD Clutter Mitigation Decision [6] [8]. 2, 3 C-Map. 4,.. 기상레이다신호처리 2-1 기상레이다시스템,,,. -, PPI,, [9] [11]. 2-2 기상레이다신호처리 1, In-phase data Calculate correlation coefficient Received signal ComplexI/Q data Range averaging Ground Clutter filtering PPP, FFT, GMAP, etc. Calculate correlation coefficient T 0 R 0 R 1 R 2 Calculate moment data and threshold Thresholding Speckle filtering Output data 90 modulation Quardrature data 그림 1. Fig. 1. Weather radar signal processing block diagram. 1293

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 12, Dec. 2014. In-phase 90 Quardrature-phase,,,., [5]. /., T 0 I/Q, R 0, R 1, R 2. CPICoherent Processing Interval. SNR,.,,,,,,,,,,.. 제안기법 3-1 클러터맵기반클러터제거기법 C-Map 2 I/Q.,,. CPICoherent Processing Interval. 3-2 배경추정임계치생성.. n, n 1. Yes FFT Input qn > c pˆ - n 1 No Input I/Q data Clutter Map p ˆ n W Clutter Rejection Filter Weather Echo Clutter Map Update Procedure Reconstruction of Removed Weather Echo 그림 2. C-Map Fig. 2. Clutter rejection algorithm based on C-Map. 1, w 0 1,, c.,. 2,,. c [12] [14].. 기법적용및성능분석 4-1 기상데이터수집분석 0.5 I/Q. 2 1294

그림 3. Fig. 3. Detection range on Sobaeksan rain radar. Height[km] 3.0 2.4 1.8 1.2 0.6 Beam width=1 El=-0.5 0.0 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 Distance from radar[km] 그림 4. Fig. 4. Ground information of clutter map., 2013 5 29 10 KST, 2013 5 27 19 30 KST., 1,408 m, 149 km, 125 m, 3,. 9 10. 4, 0.5, 1. 그림 5. 2013.05.29.09:55 10:10KST AWS 15 Fig. 5. 2013.05.29.09:55 10:10KST AWS integrated rainrate. 4-2 산간지역맑은날클러터맵, 5 2013 5 29 10 KST. 5 AWSAutomatic Weather System 2013 5 29 9 55 10 10 15. 6 20 km 48 62 km, 100 km 4. 20 48 km, 62 100 km, 100 km 130 km 40 db,.. 4-3 산간지역강수사례원시신호 2013 5 1295

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 12, Dec. 2014. 그림 6. Fig. 6. Mountain region Doppler velocityclutter map. 그림 8. GMAP Fig. 8. Doppler velocity after GMAP. 155.55 [V], 20 m/s 25.71 [V]. 4-4 기존기법 GMAP 을이용한지형클러터제거 그림 7. Fig. 7. Mountain region Doppler velocityrainy day. 27 19 30 9 10 7. 55 CPICoherent Processing interval CPI. GMAP, DC,.,. 8,,. 4-5 C-Map을이용한지형클러터제거 C-Map 9,. C-Map. 2 c, 1296

표 1. Table 1. Ground clutter rejection ratio. c 0.9 [ %] GMAP C-Map 87.02 1.0 91.37 1.2 77.24 91.80 1.3 92.36 1.5 93.29 77.24 91.17 그림 9. C-Map Fig. 9. Doppler velocity after C-Map.. C-Map 3 30 db,. 4-6 성능분석 2013 5 27 19 30 KST 2013 5 29 10 KST c C-Map, GMAP. 3. 제거전 제거후클러터제거율 제거전클러터신호 3 2, GMAP 77.24 %, C-Map 0.9 1.5 91.17 % C-Map GMAP. C-Map 그림 10. c=1.3 Fig. 10. Ground clutter rejection performancec=1.3.,.,,. 10 GMAP 1.3 C-Map. GMAP 77.24 %, C-Map 92.36 %.. 결론 1297

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 12, Dec. 2014.,. C-Map. C-Map., GMAP 77.24 %, C-Map 91.17 %.,... References [1] Richard J. Doviak et al., Doppler Radar and Weather Observations, Second edition, Dover Publications, Inc., 2007. [2] Ronald E. Rinehart, Radar for Meteorologists, Rinehart Publishing, Third Edition, 1997. [3], " ",, 2014 2. [4] A. R. Mark, A. S. James, and A. H. William, Principles of Modern Radar: Basic Principles, Scitech, 2010. [5] RVP8 User s manual, Vaisala, Jun. 2009. [6] A. D. Siggia, R. E. Passarelli, Jr. "Gaussian model adaptive processinggmap for improved ground clutter cancellation and moment calculation", Proceeding of ERAD, pp. 67-73, 2004. [7] Hubbert et al., "Weather radar ground clutter. Part : Real-time identification and filtering", American Meteorological Society, 2009. [8] Hubbert et al., "Weather radar ground clutter. Part : Real-time identification and filtering", American Meteorological Society, 2009. [9] Bassem R. Mahafza, RADAR Signal Analysis and Processing using MATLAB, CRC, 2009. [10] Richards, M. A., Fundamentals of Radar Signal Processing, McGraw-Hills, New York, 2005. [11] Skolnik, M. I.Ed., Radar Handbook, 2d ed., McGraw- Hill, New York, 1990. [12] D. Curtis Schleher, "MTI and pulsed doppler radar with MATLAB", Artech House Remote Sensing Library, 2009. [13] R. Nitzberg, "Clutter Map CFAR analysis", IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. AES- 22, no. 4, pp. 419-421, Jul. 1986. [14] N. Levanon, "Numerically efficient calculations of clutter map CFAR performance", IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. AES-23, no. 6, pp. 813-814, Nov. 1987. 2011 2 : 2014 2 : 2013 1 : [ 주관심분야 ] Radar Signal Processing, Clutter Rejection, Target Detection, Weather Radar 2006 2 : 2009 8 : 2011 3 : 2010 1 2011 2 : [ 주관심분야 ] Radar System Design, Radar Signal Processing, SAR Signal Processing, Digital Beam Forming 1298

기상 레이다의 지형 클러터 제거를 위한 지형적응 클러터 맵 알고리듬 성능분석 곽영 길 년 2월: 한국항공대학교 항공통신공 학과 공학사 1981년 2월: 한국과학기술원 전기전자공 학과 공학석사 1987년 6월: 미국 오하이오대학교 전기전 자공학과 공학박사 1976년 3월 2001년 3월: 국방과학연구소 책임연구원, 레이다 및 SAR 연구실장 1997년 2월 1999년 2월: 영국 Matra Marconi Space 위성 SAR 프로젝트 책임자 2001년 3월 현재: 한국항공대학교 항공전자 및 정보통신공학 부 교수 및 레이다연구소 소장 2002년 4월 2008년 12월: 한국전자파학회 레이다연구회 위원 장, IEEE Radar Society 및 APSAR Committee 위원 2007년 9월 2008년 8월: 영국 옥스퍼드대학교, Dept. of Engineering Science, 방문교수 2009년 2011년: 국회 한국과학기술정책연구회 회장 2009년 2011년: APSAR 2011, General Char, 대회장 2010년 현재: IEEE AESS Korea Chapter Chair 2013년 4월 현재: 미래창조부 국가과학기술심의회 전문위원 1976 김지 현 년 월 부경대학교 환경대기과학과 이학사 년 월 부경대학교 환경대기과학과 이학석사 년 월 부경대학교 환경대기과학과 이학박사 년 월 현재: 기상청 기상사무관 등 2000 2 : 2002 2 : 2010 2 : 2013 4 [주 관심분야] Radar Meteorology [주 관심분야] Radar System Design, Radar Signal Processing, Synthetic Aperture Radar, Collision Avoidance Radar for Automotive, Adaptive Array, Spectrum Analysis and Interference Rejection 등 김지 원 년 월 부경대학교 환경대기과학과 이학사 년 월 부산대학교 대기환경과학과 이학석사 년 월 현재 기상청 기상주무관 등 1997 2 : 1999 8 : 1999 8 : [주 관심분야] Radar Quality Control, Radar Data Analysis 고정 석 년 2월: 연세대학교 천문기상학과 이 학사 2012년 5월 2014년 7월: 항공기상청 예 보과장 2014년 7월 현재: 기상청 기상레이더센 터 레이더분석과장 [주 관심분야] Forecast, Radar Meteorology 등 1990 1299