Res. Plant Dis. 16(2) : 183-190 (2010) Research in Plant Disease The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 1999-2008 w y yáù 1 Á w 1 Á z 1 Á 1 Á 1 Á z 2 Áw 1 Á y 1 *, 1 w, 2 w Survey of Major Disease Incidence of Rice in Korea during 1999-2008 Yong Hwan Lee, Dong-Soo Ra 1, Wan-Hae Yeh 1, Hyo-Won Choi 1, Inn-Shik Myung 1, Se-Won Lee 1, Yeong-Hoon Lee 2, Sung-Suk Han 1 and Hong-Sik Shim 1 * Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea 1 National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea 2 National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Milyang 627-803, Korea (Received on July 19, 2010; Accepted on July 25, 2010) During the period from 1999 to 2008, we surveyed the major diseases incidence of rice in Korea. Leaf blast showed 0.85% of the diseased leaf area in 2000 and then consistently decreased to 0.02% by 2008. However, panicle blast irregularly appeared by the years depending on weather conditions for disease development from heading to milk stage of rice. Diseased lesion height of sheath blight had the lowest (10.1%) incidence in 2001 and the highest (21.4%) incidence in 2007. A negative corelation (r= 0.88 * ) was measured between diseased lesion height of sheat blight and sunshine hours from mid- to late August. In Chunbuk, Gyeongbuk, and Gyeongnam provinces, brown spot occurrence declined since 2001, however, in Chungnam, Jeonbuk, and Jeonnam provinces, it increased since 2005. False smut drastically decreased after showing the highest incidence of 7.59% in panicles in 2000. The correlation coefficient between diseased panicles of false smut and rainfall during the late August was calculated as 0.94 **. Bacterial leaf blight severely increased in the chronically infested fields in Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Gyeongnam, and Chungnam province since 2003. Keywords : Disease incidence, Korea, Rice ù w ƒ w. 1990 ¾ w 120 ha 2009 x 100 ha ã w.»z y w w» ù 100 1.5 o C w š, 1920 w 1990 30 š, Á 20 ¼ (», 2008).»z y»ƒ ywš š w ywš. 7 ƒ ƒ w, 8 l š ³ *Corresponding author Phone) +82-31-290-0420, Fax) +82-31-290-8488 Email) hsshim@rda.go.kr w 7 l ùkù» w y»¾ ƒ x š š (Noh, 2007). 2009 x ù š w 50 (w wz, 2009), w t. w w»z y w» w w 1999 l 2008 ¾ 10» w,,, Á,, ³ w, w w ƒ w y» mw w.
184 yáù Á wá z Á Á Á záw Á y w. w 8 ƒ 3-5 Á (Table 1), ƒ Á 3 Á Á 10-15 v w w.» w 7 w š, 9, š, Á v,, v, ³ w. v 20 w w w š(, 2008), š w w. w w.».»»,,, û,, û Ÿ,, û»» w š, ƒ» w. ƒ w»» w ƒ» s³ SAS v w w. š. 2000 0.85% z w ùkü 2008 0.02% w ùkü. p û,,, û 2008 x w (Table 2). w w» w» 6 w l 7 ¾» w. ƒ 2000 6 w š r=0.79 6 w ³ e ** š 2-3 z ƒw Table 1. Surveyed cities and counties for rice diseases incidence in Korea s Surveyed cities or counties Gyeonggi Gimpo, Pyeongtaek, Icheon, Yeoju Gangwon Cheorwon, Wonju, Chuncheon, Gangneung Chungbuk Cheongwon, Cheongju, Boeun, Chungju Chungnam Asan, Dangjin, Seosan, Hongseong, Nonsan, Jeonbuk Iksan, Gimjae, Jeongeup, Jinan, Namwon Jeonnam Jangseong, Naju, Haenam, Jangheung, Suncheon Gyeongbuk Andong, Gumi, Sangju Gyeongnam Miryang, Jinju, Sacheon, Gimhae, Geochang Fig. 1. Regional leaf blast occurrence in Korea and rainfall during the last 10 days of June and the first 10 days of July in 2000. Correlation coefficients (r) during the last 10 days of June and the first 10 days of July were 0.79 ** and 0.45 ns, respectively. Table 2. Severity of rice leaf blast in the middle of July from 1999 to 2008 in Korea Diseased leaf area (%) a Gyeonggi 0.02 0.63 0.31 0.00 0.06 0.09 0.15 0.04 <0.01 <0.01 Gangwon 0.30 0.81 0.12 0.00 0.03 0.22 0.04 0.01 0.01 <0.01 Chungbuk 0.09 1.37 0.03 <0.01 0.11 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 Chungnam 0.48 1.60 1.73 0.21 0.00 0.08 0.05 0.01 <0.01 0.00 Jeonbuk 0.53 1.15 0.07 0.03 0.32 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.02 Jeonnam 0.59 0.67 0.34 0.04 0.02 0.19 0.17 0.06 0.06 0.10 Gyeongbuk 0.14 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.14 0.32 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.00 Gyeongnam 0.10 0.30 0.10 0.13 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.04 <0.01 0.00 Average 0.28 0.84 0.36 0.05 0.09 0.13 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.02 a Diseased area was calculated from diseased lesion area of the whole plant.
1999-2008 w y 185 (Fig. 1). û» w, 6 w, 0.49 0.45 m w. 7 (r= 0.65 * ), 0.78 ** 0.75 * ùkþ (Table 3). w m ƒw š(hemmi Abe, 1932; Kahn Libby, 1958) k k y ƒw š(kim Kim, 1990) Table 3. Correlation coefficients between average occurrences of leaf blast in Korea and weather factors during 10 days of blast infection and development periods in Chungnam from 1999 to 2008 Weather factors Correlation coefficients (r) Last June First July Rainy days 0.45 0.42 Rainfall 0.49 0.65* Hours of sunshine 0.26 0.78** Amount of solar radiation 0.43 0.75* Fig. 2. Annual leaf blast occurrence and rainfall during the last 10 days of June in Chungnam from 1999 to 2008. w, 1 7 l ù w ƒ w t š ƒw. 2002 0.05% w 6 w 10.5 mm s 1/8 (Table 2, Fig. 2). ù 2003 190 mm û wš w (Fig. 2). 2004 z 6 w s w w» w 2003» y 2000 št w ƒ e 9 kg/10a w» w» w ƒ ƒ j. w š ¼ (», 2008)»ƒ e y» 6 w 7 w ƒw (Koh, 1987) 3-4ƒ w w. p û 2000 0.67% 2003 0.02% w ƒ 2004 0.19% ƒw š, p 2008 w wš 0.1% (Table 2). ûw ƒ»ƒ» 6 w š 6 w 126.6 mm s 63.1 mm 2, 30~100 mm ( ). Table 4. Incidence of rice panicle blast in the middle of September from 1999 to 2008 in Korea Diseased panicles (%) Gyeonggi 0.17 1.98 0.12 0.03 3.88 0.72 0.40 0.35 1.79 3.60 Gangwon 0.30 1.53 0.47 0.68 3.88 0.60 4.10 1.17 0.48 0.36 Chungbuk 1.95 4.83 0.80 0.33 3.30 1.61 0.02 2.37 0.39 0.17 Chungnam 0.46 4.17 0.20 0.01 4.10 0.07 1.40 0.60 1.86 2.60 Jeonbuk 2.16 1.73 0.22 0.79 6.15 0.50 4.53 3.97 2.03 0.30 Jeonnam 4.30 0.81 0.02 0.07 0.50 0.25 5.17 2.63 2.53 0.07 Gyeongbuk 1.43 2.20 0.00 0.10 1.08 0.97 0.45 1.00 0.38 0.02 Gyeongnam 2.57 1.61 0.10 0.00 0.75 0.77 0.09 0.19 0.40 0.02 Average 1.67 2.36 0.24 0.25 2.95 0.69 2.02 1.53 1.23 0.89
186 yáù Á wá z Á Á Á záw Á y, ƒ w w 2000 s³ 2.36% ùkü (Table 4). w 2003 2.95% ƒ w z w 2005 Fig. 3. Comparison of the annual occurrences of leaf blast and panicle blast from 1999 to 2008U Table 5. Correlation coefficients between average occurrences of panicle blast in Korea and weather factors during 10 days of blast infection and development periods in Chungnam from 1999 to 2008 Correlation coefficients (r) Weather factors August September Last First Middle Rainy days 0.52 0.77* 0.01 Rainfall 0.71* 0.24 0.15 Hours of sunshine 0.32 0.81** 0.15 Amount of solar radiation 0.43 0.74* 0.17 Average temperature 0.26 0.52 0.13 Table 6. Incidence of sheath blight in the middle of September from 1999 to 2008 in Korea 2.02% 2008 0.89% w (Fig. 3). w e w» w ù» 8 w l» û w 8 w 0.71 *, 9 0.77 * ùkü š, ( 0.81 ** ) ( 0.73 * ) (Table 5), w ùkü ( ). w w»» y» w ƒw š š, Kim Min(1991) ƒ š ewš. z w» w y w ƒ» z y w w w wœ œ w ù,»¾ z ùk ý q yw z» x y w» l v w.. w 2001 10.2% š ƒ w š 2007 21.4% ƒ w (Table 6). 23-35 o C š 96% (Kozaka, 1965) (Endo, 1935; Yoshimura, 1955). x» 8 l 8 w ¾» Diseased lesion height (%) a Gyeonggi 29.2 20.1 13.9 25.4 22.8 15.9 8.3 13.2 27.2 24.9 Gangwon 15.1 17.0 12.4 15.0 14.1 12.2 15.6 7.9 24.3 14.2 Chungbuk - b 14.1 10.1 23.1 26.3 21.0 13.1 12.8 12.5 12.3 Chungnam 15.2 19.7 9.5 22.6 25.8 24.6 16.3 14.0 30.9 27.0 Jeonbuk 14.7 21.2 6.0 18.9 7.3 13.6 21.8 25.1 16.1 13.0 Jeonnam 8.6 20.1 2.2 19.0 7.1 12.9 18.4 31.5 25.6 12.2 Gyeongbuk 35.6 5.5 17.6 22.1 13.8 9.6 7.8 12.5 8.2 13.6 Gyeongnam 31.4 20.5 9.5 15.0 8.1 12.3 11.7 11.0 26.4 27.5 Average 18.7 17.4 10.2 20.1 15.7 15.2 14.1 16.0 21.4 18.1 a Diseased lesion heightg(%)=lesion height/plant length 100. b Not investigated.
1999-2008 w y 187 Fig. 4. Correlation between average diseased lesion height of leaf sheath on rice and sunshine hours during the middle and the last 10 days of August in Chungbuk from 2000 to 2008. w š ƒ 0.88 ùkü» š * ew š(fig. 4) w ( ). ³ w z ƒ k w» w vw y k š(ou, 1985),» ƒ j»» w œwš w l v w q. Á. Á 2001 û,, ƒƒ 51.5%, 61.3%, 79.2% v ƒ w z. û,, û 2005 ƒƒ 60.5%, 57.5%, 47.2% v z 2008 ¾ 30-50% ü ã w w (Table 7). Á K, Ma, Mg, Si, K Ca v ù v ³ š š (Baba, 1958). 2001 ù m k w ³,,» w v š š (», 2004), Á s m z, ey e, e, z³ (, 2009) z, z y w ³ m w w. û,, û 2005 l» ƒw š,» 2005 4.5% 2006 30.0%, 2008 22.5% 2006 z v ƒ ƒw š, 2006 1.1% 2007 24.4%, 2008 42.3% 2007 l ƒw w, 2008 û w 20% v ùkü ù š. w g yw w w» œ w ù, 1990 z l šs ƒ j ù» w v šs š (½, 2008), w ù zy v Á ƒ w. w» w û v w q.. 2000 7.59% ƒ w w 13.7% ƒ w š ƒ w (Table 8). 2000 z 2002 1.47% š 2006 0.12% ƒ.» w û» 8 w 0.94 š ** Table 7. Brown spot occurrence in the middle of September from 1999 to 2008 in Korea Diseased paddy field (%) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Gyeonggi 15.6 8.4 6.1 0.6 0.0 4.5 30.0 24.4 22.5 Gangwon 3.2 3.2 0.8 11.2 0.9 0.2 1.1 13.3 42.3 Chungbuk 11.1 61.3 10.0 18.6 0.6 14.2 0.0 5.8 26.7 Chungnam 6.7 7.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 60.5 13.3 6.9 31.6 Jeonbuk 11.8 4.4 29.1 5.0 <0.1 57.5 57.3 13.3 50.0 Jeonnam 13.4 8.9 7.1 7.1 0.1 47.2 63.3 13.3 56.7 Gyeongbuk 23.0 79.2 16.7 32.4 0.0 9.8 6.7 0.0 10.0 Gyeongnam 14.0 51.5 30.0 32.5 43.3 11.8 26.7 4.4 3.3 Average 12.4 28.0 12.5 13.5 5.6 25.7 24.8 10.2 30.4
188 yáù Á wá z Á Á Á záw Á y Table 8. False smut occurrence in the middle of September from 1999 to 2008 in Korea Diseased panicles (%) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Gyeonggi 8.48 0.06 0.05 0.70 1.11 0.20 0.00 0.29 0.30 Gangwon 3.00 0.15 0.72 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.43 0.48 0.75 Chungbuk 13.70 0.46 0.15 0.85 0.10 0.35 0.00 0.01 0.27 Chungnam 8.46 0.13 0.20 1.63 0.63 <0.01 0.21 1.29 0.00 Jeonbuk 9.50 0.03 0.08 0.00 0.01 <0.01 0.10 0.20 0.90 Jeonnam 1.50 0.06 0.33 0.18 0.02 <0.01 0.10 0.04 0.20 Gyeongbuk - a 0.50 3.65 0.53 0.87 0.35 0.03 0.15 0.07 Gyeongnam 8.46 0.01 6.58 0.30 0.20 0.93 0.07 0.01 0.04 Average 7.59 0.18 1.47 0.53 0.37 0.24 0.12 0.31 0.3 a Not investigated. Fig. 5. Correlation between diseased panicles of falls smut on rice and rainfall during the last 10 days of August in Chungnam from 2000 to 2008. ùkü 2000 459.7 mm s 4.5 w š(fig. 5), w ùkü ( ). w ³w 1 w w» (Ou, 1985), w w s w p ƒ š. w» 1» 2 ƒ w (Raychaudhuri, 1946) z l»¾ ƒw š(, 2001) s w w w. w l sw ³ q š ù z (Ou, 1985), ey ƒ y w sƒ š x. 1 w» dw z w w v w q.. 1999 8.8% v w z 2002 ¾ w ƒ 2003 l û û ƒw» w 2004 2005 73% ü v Table 9. Incidence of bacterial leaf blight in the middle of September from 1999 to 2008 in Korea Diseased paddy fields (%) Gyeonggi 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.7 2.9 6.6 14.6 0.0 0.0 2.9 Gangwon 0.0 3.0 5.0 0.0 1.9 5.0 4.2 3.3 0.0 0.0 Chungbuk 2.5 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 7.7 1.1 0.0 0.0 Chungnam 12.5 5.9 6.3 0.0 3.1 2.5 2.5 0.0 0.0 23.9 Jeonbuk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 73.0 72.9 53 22.2 15.1 Jeonnam 13.2 30.1 10.3 3.4 31.7 39.1 39.1 62.3 60.0 22.8 Gyeongbuk 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 2.2 1.3 0.0 0.0 Gyeongnam 32.0 4.5 1.9 0.0 11.9 0.0 0.0 33.3 23.9 25.0 Average 8.8 6.1 2.9 1.9 7.7 16.1 24.7 19.2 13.3 11.2
1999-2008 w y 189 ùkü š û 2006 62.3%, 2007 60% v z 2008 22.8% k ùkü (Table 9). 1980 ûá ûw ƒ 1990 w w š(noh, 2007), 1999 l ƒw ùkü. Xa3 w w y, û, 1y t 1990 ƒ x y (Kim, 2005), ƒ w. 2008 û 7 w ù 7 z kt w š ƒ j. w ùy w 2000 z»ƒ 8 7 w š» (Noh, 2007), kt ù y» j ú ƒ f š. w» w w xa5 Xa3+xa5 ƒ š 493 (Noh, 2008), w w t w w. w w w» w ù» dw sw» v w. ³. ³ 2005 0.88% ƒ w w š 2001 0.07% ƒ w (Table 10). ü 1998 ƒ w w š, p w w š š (Cha, 2001). š» š w w, p y» y ƒ w (Lee, 2004). p 2007 ù û 4.65% ƒ w. û» ƒ ù»ƒ š» 8 š» ƒ ( ). ûw» ùš» š»» ƒ w ƒ j. z w» w wš, z 2z sw w (Lee Yokoyama, 1988). ù ey ƒwš y s»vwš y» w w. 1999 l 2008 ¾ ù w w w y w. 2000 0.85% z 2008 0.02% w» l y»¾ w» ³e w. 2001 10.2% š ƒ š 2007 21.4% ƒ w 8 w š ƒ 0.88 * ùkü. Á,, û 2001 w z ƒ w û,, û 2005 z ƒw. 2000 7.59% Table 10. Incidence of bacterial grain rot in the middle of September from 1999 to 2008 in Korea Diseased panicles (%) a Gyeonggi 0.00 0.52 <0.01 0.26 0.15 0.04 0.11 0.08 0.53 0.00 Gangwon 0.00 0.09 <0.01 3.01 0.00 0.07 0.50 0.00 0.15 0.20 Chungbuk 1.50 0.00 0.02 0.06 0.05 0.13 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.30 Chungnam 0.25 1.19 0.05 0.27 0.35 0.18 0.06 0.00 4.63 0.00 Jeonbuk 0.77 0.50 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.05 3.53 1.90 0.02 1.10 Jeonnam 0.90 1.44 0.01 0.25 0.43 0.05 2.35 0.57 0.33 0.50 Gyeongbuk 0.05 0.08 0.49 0.03 0.00 0.13 0.33 0.06 0.06 0.10 Gyeongnam 0.02 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.36 0.10 Average 0.44 0.50 0.07 0.49 0.14 0.08 0.88 0.33 0.76 0.30
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