THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Jun.; 29(6), 415423. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.6.415 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis and Performance Improvement of Integrated E1 Pulse Generator for EMP Protection Performance Test 김영진 강호재 정영경 윤동기 박용배 Young-Jin Kim*, **Ho-jae Kang**Young-Kyung Jeong***Dong-Gi Youn***Yong Bae Park* 요약 HEMP(High-altitude Electromagnetic Pulse) EMP HEMP E1. E1 Marx Generator, (30350 kv) Tesla Transformer. E1,,,. Tesla Transformer E1,. Abstract We herein investigate the E1 pulse for evaluating the conducted performance of transmission lines connected to the electromagnetic pulse protection facilities against a conducted high-altitude electromagnetic pulse threat exposed to an external electromagnetic environment. The existing E1 pulse generator uses the Marx generator high-voltage step-up method; however, in this research, we used the Tesla transformer method to easily change the broadband output voltage(30 to 350 kv). We also analyzed the controller, power supply, high-voltage booster, and pulse-shaping device. The E1 pulse performance using the Tesla transformer was predicted through simulations and validated by measurements. Key words: HEMP(High-Altitude EMP), Pulse Generator, EMP Protection Facility, Tesla Transformer, Marx Generator. 서론 30 km (HEMP), [1]. EMP 1970,, EMP,,, EMP ( : C0442415). * NCW(Department of NCW(Network Centric Warfare), Ajou University) **(Korea Testing Research Institute) ***(Replex Co., Ltd) Manuscript received February 12, 2018 ; Revised April 4, 2018 ; Accepted May 23, 2018. (ID No. 20180212-021) Corresponding Author: Yong Bae Park (e-mail: yong@ajou.ac.kr) c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved. 415
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 6, Jun. 2018. EMP / [2]. EMP EMP EMP, EMP. EMP NATO IEC, MIL-STD- 188-125, [3],[4]. MIL-STD-188-125 [5] HEMP / (shelter). SE(Shielding Effectiveness) test, CWI(Continuous Wave Immersion) test, PCI(Pulsed Current Injection) test 3 EMP. SE test 10 khz1 GHz 3 EMC., CWI test, SELDS(Shielded Enclosure Leak Detection System) SE. EMP PCI test EMP [6]. IEC 61000-4-24 [7] HEMP 1. HEMP EMP E1.,,.. 고전압발생장치기술방식비교및분석 E1 Marx Generator,,., E1 E1 (3080 kv) E1 (80 350 kv) 2, 30 350 kv, PCI., 2 Spark-Gap. Marx Generator,. Marx,. Spark-Gap (self-triggering),., 그림 1. MIL-STD-188-125-1 E1 Fig. 1. EMP protect facility of PCI performance evaluation schematic. 그림 2. Marx generator Fig. 2. Marx generator type of high voltage generator circuit. 416
(SF6 N2) EMP,. (30350 kv) E1. Tesla Transformer Marx Generator, Tesla. Tesla Transformer. Spark-Gap. 3 Tesla Transformer. Spark-Gap, ().. Spark-Gap E1. 그림 4. E1 Fig. 4. E1 pulse generator of development block diagram.., (303,500 V). (303,500 V) (30350 kv). (30350 kv) Spark-Gap E1. E1 5. 3-2 제어기설계 6 9 LCD. E1 펄스발생장치설계및측정 3-1 설계개요 E1 4,,,. LCD CPU(STM32, Atmega32), CPU 그림 5. E1 Fig. 5. E1 pulse generator of system configuration diagram. 그림 3. Tesla transformer Fig. 3. Tesla transformer type of high voltage generator circuit. 그림 6. Fig. 6. Controller block diagram. 417
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 6, Jun. 2018. LCD 2 CPU., CPU STM32 CPU, LCD, CPU Atmega32 CPU. 9 LCD CPU RS232. 3-3 전원장치설계및측정. 3,,,. 220 V/60 Hz +310 Vdc, +24 Vdc.,,., full-bridge, 7. MOSFET.. 60 1, 50, 8, 2. 8 Tesla transformer 1 (: 300μF) 3,500 V, (W) (1). (1) MOSFET. 310 V (230 W) MOSFET 742 ma. MOSFET 5 3.7 A., (310 V) 3. 8, 3.5 kv, 300 μf, 9. 3-4 고전압승압장치설계및측정 Tesla Transformer 1 2 LC 그림 7. Full bridge DC-DC Fig. 7. Full bridge DC-DC converter power supply circuit. 그림 8. Fig. 8. Power supply of output experiment configuration diagram. 418
(3) (4) D. 그림 9. Fig. 9. Power supply of maximum output waveform. (5) (6) (5) (, 0) (7). 그림 10. Tesla transformer Fig. 10. Tesla transformer basic circuit. (magnetic core) (air core) Tesla Transformer, Tesla Transformer [8]. 10. L, C, R, I 1, 2,,,,, C 1, C 2 (1) (2). (2) sin sin (7) tuning ratio T 1, 2 w 1, w 2. (8) (9) (10) (7) Tesla Transformer k, T, V 1 1, 2. Tesla Transformer. E1 FWHM(Full Width Half Maximum) 500550 ns, Tesla Transformer 2. 419
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 6, Jun. 2018. Tesla Transformer 1 2., Field enhancement factor (11). ln (11) R in (cm), R out (cm), V (V), E Max (V/cm). Tesla Transformer 8.4 cm 20 cm, 350 kv 96 kv/cm. Pspices 11. 3-5 펄스성형장치설계및측정,, Spark-Gap,. (350 kv) Spark-Gap. E1, E1 RC RC (12). ln (12) (V), R (), t (s), c (F). 10.8 nf.. (13). (13) (a) Pspices (a) Pspices of equivalent circuit c (F), (V), PRF (Hz). PRF 0.0167 Hz 0.1 Hz., 66.2 W. 3 199 W. Pspice 12. 3-6 통합형 E1 펄스발생장치측정결과 (b) () (b) Voltage waveform(simulation) 그림 11. Fig. 11. Tesla transformer high voltage generator. 13 E1, shield room 14 E1 [7]., 420
(a) Pspices (a) Pspices of equivalent circuit (b) () (b) Voltage waveform(simulation) 그림 12. E1 Fig. 12. E1 pulse shaping device. 그림 13. E1 Fig. 13. Integrated E1 pulse generator. 1) Peak Current(A), 2) Rise time, 3) FWHM 3. MIL-STD E1 PCI, 15 E1. 12, E1 Output port,.,.,,. E1 1., 3.34 %,. / (RLC). C1-R1-Spark-Gap -R2, C1. 그림 14. Fig. 14. Pulse generator of output configuration. 그림 15. E1 Fig. 15. E1 pulse maximum output measurement result. 421
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 6, Jun. 2018. 표 1. E1 Table 1. Comparison of max injection current of E1 pulse. Contents Target value 5,000(A) Peak current (A) Rise time 20 ns FWHM (pulse width) 500550 ns Simulated result 5,564 16.156 532.725 5,000 Measured result 5,384 18.387 548.479, LK1, LK2, LK3.. 2 PCI. Target value, Target value 2.. 결론 EMP(Electromagnetic pulse) PCI 30350 kv EMP E1,. 2 E1 1. 표 2. E1 Table 2. E1 pulse generator of output measurement result. Target value (A) 505,000 Peak current(a) 10 % Rise time (1090 %) 20 ns FWHM (pulse width) 500550 ns 50 49.0 11.442 524.892 500 508.0 15.980 521.475 1,000 1,058 10.740 503.963 2,000 2,130 10.197 522.843 5,000 5,384 18.387 548.479 Spark-Gap 2. PC. EMP EMP. References [1], ",", 9(1), pp. 20-25, 2004 2. [2] R. Hoad, W. A. Radasky, "Progress in high-altitude electromagnetic pulse(hemp) standardization," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 532-538, Jun. 2013. [3], ",", 24(8), pp. 781-790, 2013 8. [4],, DMFC 4-40-70, 2012 4. [5] High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse(HEMP) Protection for Ground-Based C4I Facilities Performing Critical, Time-Urgent Missions, Part I - Fixed Facilities, MIL- STD-188-125, 2005. [6] "HEMP (PCI),", 24(8), pp. 772-780, 2013 8. [7] Electromagnetic compatibility(emc) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques-section 24: Test methods for protective devices for HEMP conducted disturbance- Basic EMC publication, IEC 61000-4-24, 1997. [8],,,, " 4,", pp. 1338-1339, 2013 7. 422
2011 2: ( ) 2014 8: ( ) 2012 5: 2017 3: NCW [ 주관심분야 ] HEMP, EMI Filter, Pulse Generator 1995 2: ( ) 1997 2: ( ) 2000 2: ( ) 2003 32013 2: 2013 3: [ 주관심분야 ] HPEM, HEMP, RF 2013 2: ( ) 2015 2: ( ) 2015 5: [ 주관심분야 ] EMC/EMI, Pulse Generator, RF 1998 2: () 2000 2: () 2003 2: () 2003 22006 8: KT 2006 9: [ 주관심분야 ], EMI/EMC 1997 2: ( ) 1999 8: ( ) 2015 8: () 2004 92013 3: 2013 4: [ 주관심분야 ] HPEM, HEMP, Pulse Power System 423