w» wz, 7«3y(2005) Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 7, No. 3, (2005), pp. 201~210 ½ 1 Á v 2 Á 2 Á 1 Á Ÿ 1 Á½ y 2 1 w ù, 2 w w (2005 2 15 ; 2005 8 19 ) The Vegetation Structure of Beomseom Islet, Jeju-do Chan-Soo Kim 1, Gwan-Pil Song 2, Myong-Ok Moon 2, Young-Jae Kang 1, Gwang-Ok Byun 1 and Moon-Hong Kim 2 1 Warm-Temperate Forest Research Center, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seogwipo, 697-050 2 Dept. of Life Science, Cheju National University, Jeju, 690-756, Korea (Received February 15, 2005; Accepted August 19, 2005) ABSTRACT This study was conducted to prepare efficient and systematic measures for nature conservation and management in Beomseom Islet, and to provide for basic data to investigate the process of vegetation change in the future. The vegetation of Beomseom Islet was classified to six vegetation type; i.e., Miscanthus sinensis community, Pinus thunbergii community, lythophyte vegetation, evergreen broad leaf community, shrub community, and Pseudosasa japonica community. The size of each vegetation type was 40,230 m 2 (23.3%) for shrub community, 39,366 m 2 (22.8%) for lythophyte vegetation, 30,012 m 2 (17.4%) for Pinus thunbergii community, 29,853 m 2 (17.3%) for Miscanthus sinensis community, 5,564 m 2 (3.2%) for evergreen broad leaf community, and 3,325 m 2 (1.9%) for Pseudosasa japonica community. The area of non-vegetated sea cliff zone that composed of bare rocks is 24,246 m 2 (14.1%). We estimated that these distribution patterns of vegetation were the result of various environmental factors such as the steepness of slope and shallowness of soil as well as the cultivation of exotic plants causing disruption of native vegetation. Key words : Nature conservation, Nature management, Vegetation type I. e, y s w ƒ» kw x š. sw,, j», w š,, sww y ƒ w. p ù,» w s w ƒ š (Preston, 1962; MacArther and Wilson, 1967; Yim and Kira, 1975, 1976, 1977). ù s ƒ w š ù w w w (Chung and Hong, 2002). w ¾ w w ù w. w wì ƒ (Kim and Kim, 1980; Kim, 1990, 1994; National Institute of Environmental Research, 2002) w w. Corresponding Author : Chan-Soo Kim (kimdaram@chollian.net)
202 Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 7, No. 3» 421y 33 o 12' 50", 126 o 31' 01" ew, w s y 1-3 4v. w ù û wù ü ƒ ùwš t w ƒ wù š w. š w ù y x w ù 1374 z w ¾ x š w (Oh, 1990). p q w x m k xy wì y z w š z» w š w. š z w v w œwš, z y w v w» y wš w. II. 2.1. y, ƒq,,, wì ù û ew wù. w s w, ƒ ƒ¾ y w 1.3 km (Fig. 1).»z d w ù w» s» d dw s s³» 16.2 o C, ƒ 1 s³» 6.6 C» ùküš o š, ƒ w 8 s³» 26.6 C o ù ƒ ùw. ƒ 12 43.1 mm, ƒ 306.6, 1850.8 mm ù ƒ w. ƒ w 2 s³ ƒ 64.2% ƒ w 7 85.1%, s³ 70.7% w (Jeju Regional Meteorological Office, 2004). û ¼ 0.58 km û ¼ Fig. 1. The site map of Beomseom Islet. Fig. 2. A three-dimensional image of of Beomseom Islet drawn by ArcView GIS 3.2a (Contour interval: 10Gm). 0.45 km ¼ k x š (Kang, 1990), 40~90% w x wš. w w m x w ù p m w w ù q w. w sk x wš, û d w w œ ³ ƒ ƒ ƒ wš wš (Fig. 2). 2.2. x 2003 10 l 2004 9 ¾ ww, x ƒ w w t w w. xy Lee(1980) Makino(1989), e Iwatsuki (1992) Iwatsuki et al.(1995) Park(1975), y Park(1995), Park et al.(2002), Shimizu (2003)
Kim et al.: The Vegetation Structure of Beomseom Islet, Jeju-do 203 Table 1. Composition of communities in Beomseom Islet Community Dominants Companions Miscanthus sinensisgcom. Pinus thunbergiig com. Lythophyte vegetation Evergreen broad leaf com. Shrub com. Pseudosasa japonicagcom. Miscanthus sinensis, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Stephania japonica Pinus thunbergii, Boehmeria pannosa, Stephania japonica Aster spathulifolius, Carex boottiana, Eurya emarginata Machilus thunbergii, Arisaema ringens, Boehmeria pannosa Mallotus japonicus, Litsea japonica, Stephania japonica Pseudosasa japonica, Boehmeria pannosa Boehmeria pannosa, Cayratia japonica, etc. Mallotus japonicus, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, etc. Cyrtomium falcatum, Aster hispidus, etc. Litsea japonica, Lemmaphyllum microphyllum, etc. Eurya emarginata, Arisaema ringens, etc. Stephania japonica, Clematis mandshurica, etc.. w w 10 mü10 m x ew d w w š, s, d w, wd w w x ü š, ƒ w w. w 3Ü3(m) x ew w w. d ƒ w d d, d d w d w. p x, m d wd w ƒƒ x w (RD), v (RC), (RF) w z (IV, importance value) w š, ƒ x 5 w š ùkü. 2.3. x š w l(global Positioning System: Trimble Co.) w ƒ w d wš txw w, s Arc View GIS 3.2a v w w. III. š 3.1. (Pinus thunbergii community), y (Evergreen broad leaf community), (Shrub community), (Pseudosasa japonica community), (Miscanthus sinensis community), (Lythophyte vegetation) ƒ x (Table 1).,, w û s sw., ù, t ƒ sw, y z ù, ¾ ù, j û swš, ù, v, ¾ ù sw. ƒ w swš, w sw w,, ˆ. 3.2. w Table 2. d, ù, vù, ù, ù, z ù, vù, ¾ ù 8 xw. š 10 m ƒ d wš, šƒ û xwš ù 180.3 ùkü w x. š ù 7 ù ƒ 45.5 wš x û» d, d w w.
204 Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 7, No. 3 Table 2. Importance values of Pinus thunbergii community in Beomseom Islet Tree layer Pinus thunbergii 33.2 66.2 80.9 180.3 Mallotus japonicus 22.4 16.1 7.0 45.5 Eurya emarginata 11.0 11.3 7.4 29.7 Elaeagnus macrophylla 11.0 3.2 2.0 16.2 Ficus erecta var. sieboldii 5.6 0.8 0.9 7.3 Machilus thunbergii 5.6 0.8 0.8 7.2 Eurya japonica 5.6 0.8 0.6 7.0 Litsea japonica 5.6 0.8 0.4 6.8 Herb layer Boehmeria pannosa 13.4 32.7 31.7 77.8 Stephania japonica 13.4 31.6 31.5 76.5 Gynostemma pentaphyllum 13.4 13 11.2 37.6 Arisaema ringens 11.2 8.4 7.4 27.0 Ampelopsis heterophylla 11.2 2.8 3.5 17.5 Parthenocissus tricuspidata 4.4 1.6 1.9 7.9 Cayratia japonica 4.4 1.3 2.1 7.8 Zantedeschia aethiopica 2.2 1.5 2.5 6.2 Mallotus japonicus 2.2 1.6 2.3 6.1 Onychium japonicum 2.2 1.6 1.8 5.6 Asplenium incisum 2.2 0.9 0.5 3.6 Metaplexis japonica 2.2 0.4 1.0 3.6 Lygodium japonicum 2.2 0.4 0.7 3.3 Litsea japonica 2.2 0.4 0.7 3.3 Centella asiatica 2.2 0.7 0.2 3.1 Viburnum awabuki 2.2 0.3 0.3 2.8 Pteris multifida 2.2 0.3 0.2 2.7 Setaria viridis var. pachystachys 2.2 0.3 0.2 2.7 Eurya emarginata 2.2 0.1 0.2 2.5 Clerodendron trichotomum 2.2 0.1 0.1 2.4 d t, w,, j û,,,, m, ù, š, Õ š, ƒ, š, ¾ ù, t, ù, Õ, ˆ t, v, ù 20 xw w ùkù. t 77.8 ƒ sw ùkû, w 76.5 t swš ù t w xk swš., j û,. ù w q III w, ¾ ù, ù, I Õ, š,, sw w w (Kim, 2000). y w Table 3. d z ù, ¾ ù, v, ù, ù,, ù, qù, ù, 10 xw. z ù ƒ š 10 m ƒ d wš, ù š ƒ û. w x xw ƒ¾ w z ù ƒ
Kim et al.: The Vegetation Structure of Beomseom Islet, Jeju-do 205 Table 3. Importance values of evergreen broad leaf community in Beomseom Islet Tree layer Machilus thunbergii 15.6 18.1 28.3 62.0 Litsea japonica 15.6 21.4 12.6 49.6 Eurya emarginata 12.5 17.3 14.4 44.2 Camellia japonica 12.5 18.1 12.7 43.3 Mallotus japonicus 9.4 9.4 7.8 26.6 Pinus thunbergii 6.3 4.7 9.2 20.2 Neolitsea sericea 9.4 4.7 5.4 19.5 Celtis sinensis 9.4 3.1 6.3 18.8 Elaeagnus macrophylla 6.3 2.4 1.3 10.0 Osmunthus insularis 3.0 0.8 2.0 5.8 Herb layer Arisaema ringens 8.5 46.8 60.3 115.6 Boehmeria pannosa 6.4 14.6 12.3 33.3 Lemmaphyllum microphyllum 8.5 7.6 7.8 23.9 Stephania japonica 4.3 10.8 6.4 21.5 Litsea japonica 4.3 4.4 3.5 12.2 Microlepia strigosa 2.1 5.1 3.2 10.4 Mallotus japonicus 2.1 4.4 3.7 10.2 Cayratia japonica 4.3 3.2 1.3 8.8 Ampelopsis heterophylla 4.3 2.5 1.1 7.9 Cyrtomium fortunei 2.1 0.6 0.4 3.1 62.0 ƒ š, ¾ ù ƒ 49.6, v 44.2, ù 43.3 4 w s. x p w w ù wd w ƒ w. y 4 w,, v x û d w. 15 m j wš m š w w p j wš 10 m ü û x w» ü d w q. d j û, t, g, w, ¾ ù, möš, ù,,, š 10 xw. d 20 xw w û w û y p d¾ Ÿ n ùe û m t ù k» q. d ƒ w p x j û 115.6 ùkü w x. j û p» q. w Table 4. d ù, ¾ ù, v, ù, ù, ù 6 xw. ù ¾ ù ƒ š 4m w x w ù v, ù, ù, ù 3m w š eš. d p w 3 w x
206 Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 7, No. 3 Table 4. Importance values of shrub community in Beomseom Islet Tree layer Mallotus japonicus 13.4 55.4 36.9 105.7 Litsea japonica 33.1 15.7 20.2 69.0 Eurya emarginata 20.0 19.3 29.3 68.6 Elaeagnus macrophylla 20.0 3.6 4.4 28.0 Camellia japonica 6.8 3.6 4.4 14.8 Pittosporum tobira 6.7 2.4 4.8 13.9 Herb layer Stephania japonica 15.3 30.7 25.7 71.7 Arisaema ringens 21.3 19.3 24.5 65.1 Boehmeria pannosa 15.3 19.3 11.4 46.0 Lemmaphyllum icrophyllum 6.0 4.4 12.8 23.2 Gynostemma pentaphyllum 9.1 7.2 6.1 22.4 Dryopteris pacifica 3.0 6.1 6.5 15.6 Microlepia strigosa 3.0 2.8 3.0 8.8 Asplenium incisum 6.0 1.7 1.0 8.7 Mallotus japonicus 3.0 2.2 2.4 7.6 Cyrtomium falcatum 3.0 1.7 1.8 6.5 Cayratia japonica 3.0 1.7 1.8 6.5 Phytolacca mericana 3.0 1.1 1.2 5.3 Miscanthus sinensis 3.0 0.6 1.0 4.6 Boehmeria nivea 3.0 0.6 0.6 4.2 Ampelopsis heterophylla 3.0 0.6 0.2 3.8. ù ƒ 105.7 ƒ, ¾ ù ƒ 69.0, š vƒ 68.6. ù ù,, v 10 w ùküš. d w, j û, t, g,. j š, möš, Õ š, ù, Á š,, œ,, t, 15 xw. d 15 xwš 3, w 71.7, j û 65.1, t 46.0 eƒ w x š. w Table 5. ƒ 161.1 w. t, w,,, j û,, 7 ù t, w, 3 t wì xw ƒ 16.7, v w. w Table 6.,, w, t,,, š,, t,,, ƒ, š,, ˆ,, 17 xw. x 3. ƒ 68.1 ƒ, ƒ 60.5 w x x w, x w 4, w 43.3, t 29.3, 20.6, š 15.3 ùkþ. ù ù
Kim et al.: The Vegetation Structure of Beomseom Islet, Jeju-do 207 Table 5. Importance values of Pseudosasa japonica community in Beomseom Islet Pseudosasa japonica 16.7 93.4 51.0 161.1 Boehmeria pannosa 16.7 2.9 16.0 35.6 Stephania japonica 16.7 1.9 12.5 31.1 Clematis mandshurica 16.7 0.3 2.7 19.7 Rosa multiflora 8.3 0.4 8.0 16.7 Arisaema ringens 8.3 0.7 5.3 14.3 Vitis flexuosa 8.3 0.3 3.2 11.8 Gynostemma pentaphyllum 8.3 0.1 1.3 9.7 Table 6. Importance values of Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii community in Beomseom Islet Imperata cylindrica var. Gkoenigii 10.5 35 22.6 68.1 Miscanthus sinensis 15.7 16.2 28.6 60.5 Stephania japonica 15.7 12.8 14.9 43.4 Boehmeria pannosa 10.5 9.0 9.8 29.3 Cayratia japonica 8.8 5.6 6.2 20.6 Oxalis corniculata 7.0 5.6 2.7 15.3 Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum 1.8 4.6 4.7 11.1 Clematis mandshurica 5.3 1.2 1.9 8.4 Commelina communis 3.5 2.2 1.1 6.8 Ampelopsis heterophylla 3.5 1.2 1.8 6.5 Gynostemma pentaphyllum 3.5 1.2 1.2 5.9 Metaplexis japonica 3.5 1.2 0.8 5.5 Aeginetia indica 3.5 1.2 0.4 5.1 Lonicera japonica 1.8 0.9 1.6 4.3 Aster hispidus 1.8 0.9 0.9 3.6 Rosa multiflora 1.8 0.6 0.6 3.0 Scilla scilloides 1.8 0.6 0.2 2.6,, v w. w Table 7. w,, v,, Á š, ˆ, w, ˆ, œ,, t, ¾ ù, ù, j š,,,, ˆ 18 xw. x 3. w ƒ ƒƒ 71.7, 53.7 ƒ x w, x w 2 v(26.3) (22.5).»k Á š, ˆ, w, ˆ ƒ w. 3.3. x w l(global Positioning System: Trimble Co.) w ƒ w d wš txwš Arc View GIS 3.2a v w s w x w Fig. 3 Table 8. x. ( ) ùkü x,, 3ƒ.»
208 Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 7, No. 3 Table 7. Importance values of lythophyte vegetation in Beomseom Islet Aster spathulifolius 14.0 31.0 26.7 71.7 Carex boottiana 16.3 17.9 19.5 53.7 Eurya emarginata 14.0 4.6 7.7 26.3 Miscanthus sinensis 9.3 5.3 7.9 22.5 Cyrtomium falcatum 7.0 6.0 4.7 17.7 Aster hispidus 4.7 6.0 6.2 16.9 Stephania japonica 7.0 4.0 4.1 15.1 Cyperus polystachyos 2.3 6.6 5.6 14.5 Phytolacca americana 4.7 3.3 3.0 11.0 Orosyachys iwarenge 2.3 5.3 1.5 9.1 Boehmeria pannosa 2.3 3.3 2.8 8.4 Litsea japonica 2.3 1.3 3.0 6.6 Pittosporum tobira 2.3 0.7 2.8 5.8 Dryopteris pacifica 2.3 1.3 1.1 4.7 Chrysanthemum indicum 2.3 1.3 1.1 4.7 Lonicera japonica 2.3 0.7 1.3 4.3 Hemerocallis fulva 2.3 0.7 0.8 3.8 Melandryum oldhamianum var. roseum 2.3 0.7 0.2 3.2 Table 8. Areas and proportions by communities of vegetation of Beomseom Islet Community Area (m 2 ) Proportion (%) Shrub community 40,230 23.3 Lythophyte vegetation 39,367 22.8 Pinus thunbergiigcommunity 30,012 17.4 Miscanthus sinensisgcommunity 29,853 17.3 Sea cliff zone 24,246 14.1 Evergreen broad leaf community 5,564 3.2 Pseudosasa japonicagcommunity 3,325 1.9 Total 172,599 100.0 Fig. 3. The actual vegetation map drowned by Arc View GIS 3.2a program using Global Positioning System of Beomseom Islet. k k q w wš, mw y w, z y z w y w w. ƒ s 40,230 m 2 (23.3%), 39,366 m 2 (22.8%), 30,012 m 2 (17.4%), 29,853 m 2 (17.3%), y 5,564 m 2 (3.2%), 3,325 m 2 (1.9%) ùkû (Table 8). ùkù p x w x x w (Sea cliff zone) ùkû 24,246 m 2 14.1% w. w s, m d ƒ y ¾ kw j w q. y œ s
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