04-05 A Study on the Current Status of the Korean Textbooks and its Improvement Strategies 2004. 12.
04-05 A Study on the Current Status of the Korean Textbooks and its Improvement Strategies : ( ) : ( ) ( ) ( )
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(2),.,. < 2> ( ) 88 72 72 232 96 21 349 ( ) (%) ( ) (%) 38 58 64 160 52 6 218 43.2 80.6 88.9 69.0 54.2 28.6 62.5 35 53 58 146 48 6 200 92.1 91.4 90.6 91.3 92.3 100 91.7 88, 72, 72, 232, 96, 21, 349. 160 ( 69.0%), 52 (54.2%), 6 (28.6%), 218 62.5%. 80%,,.,,. (62.5%).,, 90%. (200 ).
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...,,,,.,. 7. < 3> : ( : %). 5(2.6) 1(0.5) 2(1.0) 1(0.5) 4(0.2) 1(0.5). 95(49.0) 20(10.3) 39(20.1) 23(11.9) 82(42.3) 13(6.7). 92(47.4) 15(7.7) 15(7.7) 19(9.8) 49(25.3) 43(22.2). 2(1.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 1(0.5) 1(0.5) 1(0.5) 194(100.0) 36(18.6) 56(28.9) 44(22.7) 136(70.1) 58(30.0) (Frequency Missing) : 6 < -3>.. ) 1) 1999 7 2.,...
(49.0%). (47.4%)..., 63.2%. 75.9%...,..,.,,,,.......,. (2) -.,,,...
4..,..,..,.. < 4> - : ( : %). 92(46.5) 25(12.6) 34(17.2) 23(11.6) 82(41.4) 10(5.1).. 87(43.9) 9(4.5) 19(9.6) 18(9.1) 46(23.2) 41(20.7) 18(9.1) 3(1.5) 4(2.0) 5(2.5) 12(6.1) 6(3.0) 1(0.5) 1(0.5) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 1(0.5) 0(0.0) 198(100.0) 38(19.2) 57(28.8) 46(23.2) 141(71.2) 57(28.8) (Frequency Missing) : 2. (46.5%). (43.9%).. 58.2% : 16.3%, 17.5% : 71.9%.
.,.,, -...,. (3)?,..,.. 2) ( ),.. 7,,.,,. ) 2),,, 1990, pp.329~330.?
,.. (71.0%). (16.5%) 87.5%,. 12.5%., 85.2%, 84.5%.... < 5> : ( : %) (60% ). 1(0.5) 0(0.0) 1(0.5) 0(0.0) 1(0.5) 0(0.0) (60% ). 24(12.0) 2(1.0) 9(4.5) 9(4.5) 20(10.0) 4(2.0) (80% ). 142(71.0) 30(15.0) 37(18.5) 26(13.0) 93(46.5) 49(24.5) ( 100%). 33(16.5) 6(3.0) 11(5.5) 11(5.5) 28(14.0) 5(2.5) 200(100.0) 38(19.0) 58(29.0) 46(23.0) 142(71.0) 58(29.0) (Frequency Missing) : 0,.,,,.
.,.,. (4) < 5>. 16.5%, 83.5% 80%.,..,..?. < 6> : ( : %) 42(27.8) 12(7.9) 13(8.6) 4(2.6) 29(19.2) 13(8.6) 73(48.3) 7(4.6) 22(14.6) 22(14.6) 51(33.8) 22(14.6) 15(9.9) 5(3.3) 3(2.0) 4(2.6) 12(7.9) 3(2.0) 21(13.9) 3(2.0) 3(2.0) 4(2.6) 10(6.6) 11(7.3) 151(99.9) 27(17.9) 41(27.2) 34(22.5) 102(67.5) 49(32.5) (Frequency Missing) : 15
48.3%, (27.3%).., (44.4%). -,,,,,.,..,..,,...,..,,., (Macanism).,,
.,...,...,. (5) - -?..,,, -. - 80.5.%, (14.5%)..,,, -.
< 7> - : ( : %) 33(16.5) 8(4.0) 13(6.5) 8(4.0) 29(14.5) 4(2.0) 2(1.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 2(1.0) 2(1.0) 0(0.0) - 161(80.5) 30(15.0) 44(22.0) 34(17.0) 108(54.0) 53(26.5) 4(2.0) 0(0.0) 1(0.5) 2(1.0) 3(1.5) 1(0.5) 200(100.0) 38(19.0) 58(29.0) 46(23.0) 142(71.0) 58(29.0) (Frequency Missing) : 0,,,,, -,,. -. ( 16.5%).. ( ) -. -. 3 ).,,.
(6),.....??. ) 3),,,,,,,,,, 7 2, 1999. p.4
< 8> 72.9%, (14.5%)... 7 1., 2., 3. -.,., 4. -, 5..,.,. < 8> : ( : %) 145(72.9) 28(14.1) 46(23.1) 32(16.1) 106(53.3) 39(19.6) 8(4.0) 1(0.5) 3(1.5) 1(0.5) 5(2.5) 3(1.5) 39(19.6) 6(3.0) 9(4.5) 13(6.5) 28(14.1) 11(5.5) 7(3.5) 3(1.5) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 3(1.5) 4(2.0) 199(100.0) 38(19.1) 58(29.1) 46(23.1) 142(71.4) 57(28.6) (Frequency Missing) : 1,..,.,..,.
..,.,. -. (7). 4%,.. (8) - - - - 5.,. -. -..,.,,,. 33.6%, 72.3%,
38.7%, 42.7%, 52.8%. 21.6%, 5.5%, 17.6%, 28.1%, 21.1%. > > > >..,. < 9> : ( : %) 199(100.0) 19(9.5) 48(24.1) 89(44.7) 41(20.6) 2(1.0) 200(100.0) 37(18.2) 108(54.1) 44(22.0) 11(5.5) 0(0.0) 199(100.0) 16(8.0) 60(30.7) 87(43.7) 35(17.6) 0(0.0) 199(100.0) 21(10.6) 65(32.7) 57(28.6) 52(26.1) 4(2.0) 199(100.0) 21(10.6) 84(42.2) 54(27.1) 39(19.6) 1(0.5).,.
< 10> : ( : %) 19(9.5) 5(2.5) 6(3.0) 1(0.5) 12(6.0) 7(3.5) 48(24.1) 9(4.5) 13(6.5) 9(4.5) 31(15.6) 17(8.5) 89(44.7) 19(9.5) 24(12.1) 20(10.1) 63(31.7) 26(13.1) 41(20.6) 5(2.5) 14(7.0) 14(7.0) 33(16.6) 8(4.0) 2(1.0) 0(0.0) 1(0.5) 1(0.5) 2(1.0) 0(0.0) 199(99.9) 38(19.1) 58(29.1) 45(22.6) 141(70.9) 58(29.1) (Frequency Missing) : 1 < 9>.,. 75.2%. < 11> 94.5%.. -. 5 4, < 12> 71.9%.., 17.6%, 27.6%
. < 11> : ( : %) 37(18.5) 9(4.5) 11(5.5) 6(3.0) 26(13.0) 11(5.5) 108(54.0) 23(11.5) 31(15.5) 23(11.5) 77(38.5) 31(15.5) 44(22.0) 6(3.0) 12(6.0) 13(6.5) 31(15.5) 13(6.5) 11(5.5) 0(0.0) 4(2.0) 4(2.0) 8(4.0) 3(1.5) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 200(100.0) 38(19.0) 58(29.0) 46(23.0) 142(71.0) 58(29.0) < 12> : ( : %) 16(8.0) 5(2.5) 5(2.5) 2(1.0) 12(6.0) 4(2.0) 61(30.7) 12(6.0) 21(10.6) 12(6.0) 45(22.6) 16(8.0) 87(43.7) 15(7.5) 25(12.6) 25(12.6) 65(32.7) 22(11.1) 35(17.6) 5(2.5) 7(3.5) 7(3.5) 19(9.5) 16(8.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 199(100.0) 37(18.6) 58(29.1) 46(23.1) 141(70.9) 58(29.1) (Frequency Missing) : 1
5 3, < 13> 81.7%.. < 13> : ( : %) 21(10.6) 3(1.5) 4(2.0) 3(1.5) 10(5.0) 11(5.5) 65(32.7) 19(9.5) 14(7.0) 11(5.5) 44(22.1) 21(10.6) 57(28.6) 8(4.0) 19(9.5) 16(8.0) 43(21.6) 14(7.0) 52(26.1) 8(4.0) 19(9.5) 14(7.0) 4120.6() 11(5.5) 4(2.0) 0(0.0) 1(0.5) 2(1.0) 3(1.5) 1(0.5) 199(100.0) 38(19.1) 57(28.6) 46(23.1) 141(70.9) 58(29.1) (Frequency Missing) : 1,,.,,,,.,... < 14> 79.9%,., 24.6%, 28.3% (10.5%).,,,
.
< 14> : ( : %) 21(10.6) 5(2.5) 6(3.0) 3(1.5) 14(7.0) 7(3.5) 84(42.2) 19(9.5) 20(10.1) 16(8.0) 55(27.6) 29(14.6) 54(27.1) 10(5.0) 16(8.0) 14(7.0) 40(20.1) 14(7.0) 39(19.6) 4(2.0) 14(7.0) 13(6.5) 31(15.6) 8(4.0) 1(0.5) 0(0.0) 1(0.5) 0(0.0) 1(0.5) 0(0.0) 199(100.0) 38(19.1) 57(28.6) 46(23.1) 141(70.9) 58(29.1) (Frequency Missing) : 1 < >,,., -,,,,,,.,. (9) 7 7,,,.,,
.,,. 81.3.%,. (10.1%).. < 15> : ( : %). 4(2.0) 0(0.0) 3(1.5) 0(0.0) 3(1.5) 1(0.5). 20(10.1) 2(1.0) 11(5.6) 7(3.5) 20(10.1) 0(0.0). 161(81.3) 31(15.7) 42(21.2) 38(19.2) 111(56.1) 50(25.3). 13(6.6) 3(1.5) 2(1.0) 1(0.5) 6(3.0) 7(3.5) 198(100.0) 36(18.2) 58(29.3) 46(23.2) 140(70.7) 58(29.3) (Frequency Missing) : 2, 86.1%, 82.6%, 86.2% 80%, 72.4%,. 24.1%... (10) - 4 ) -. (, )
(,, ),,,,, -.?. -.,.. ) 4) -. 7 (, < 02-4>, 2002. 10. pp.121~ 122).. : % 2002,,. - 3.7 38.7 55.0 2.6 0.0 47.3 52.6 0.0,.,,,..
-. 56.3.%,. (39.7%).,. (47.4%, 35.1%), (63.8%, 80.4%) (27.6%, 17.4%).. < 16> - : ( : %). 7(3.5) 0(0.0) 5(2.5) 1(0.5) 6(3.0) 1(0.5). 112(56.3) 18(9.0) 37(18.6) 37(18.6) 92(46.2) 20(10.1). 79(39.7) 20(10.1) 16(8.0) 8(4.0) 44(22.1) 35(17.6). 1(0.5) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 1(0.5) 199(100.0) 38(19.1) 58(29.1) 46(23.1) 142(71.4) 57(28.6) (Frequency Missing) : 1, -.. -, -,., -
-,., -. (11),,. 7,,,.,,,,..?. < 17> : ( : %). 13(6.6) 2(1.0) 5(2.5) 1(0.5) 8(4.0) 5(2.5) 2/3. 92(46.5) 25(12.6) 22(11.1) 17(8.6) 64(32.3) 28(14.1) 1/2. 47(23.7) 6(3.0) 16(8.1) 13(6.6) 35(17.7) 12(6.1) 1/3. 46(23.2) 5(2.5) 14(7.1) 14(7.1) 33(16.7) 13(6.6). 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 198(100.0) 38(19.2) 57(28.8) 45(22.7) 140(70.7) 58(29.3) (Frequency Missing) : 2 2/ 3. 46.5%,
1/ 2. (39.7%) 1/ 3..,. 1/ 3. (31.1%, 22.4%) 1/ 2. (28.9%, 20.7%).. 2/ 3, 1/ 2, 1/ 3,.,.. (6.6%), 2/ 3.....,,,.,,,,., (, ). (12) 5) 30%
..,,, 20% ( ) 2/ 3. 20%.,,,,. ) 5). (pp.119~ 120).. 2002 7 6 30%. 13.8 48.1 34.7 3.4 : % 10.5 73.7 15.8 0.0 0.0,. 2002. 62.2% (84.2%).,.
,?. < 18> : ( : %). 22(11.0) 4(2.0) 7(3.5) 4(2.0) 15(7.5) 7(3.5). 106(53.0) 28(14.0) 24(12.0) 23(11.5) 75(37.5) 31(15.5). 56(28.0) 6(3.0) 17(8.5) 15(7.5) 38(19.0) 18(9.0). 15(7.5) 0(0.0) 9(4.5) 4(2.0) 13(6.5) 2(1.0). 1(0.5) 0(0.0) 1(0.5) 0(0.0) 1(0.5) 0(0.0) 200(100.0) 38(19.0) 58(29.0) 46(23.0) 142(71.0) 58(29.0) (Frequency Missing) : 0 64.0%, 28.0%, 8.2%.,. (84.2%) (84.5%), (53.4%) (58.7%).., ( ),. ( 30% ).,.
,,. (13),.,. ( ).......,,,,..,,,,,.,.?.. 48.2%,. 6.5%.....,,,,,,.,
,,,,,,,,. < 19> : ( : %). 8(4.0) 2(1.0) 0(0.0) 3(1.5) 5(2.5) 3(1.5). 88(44.2) 18(9.0) 22(11.1) 20(10.1) 60(30.2) 28(14.1). 90(45.2) 17(8.5) 29(14.6) 21(10.6) 67(33.7) 23(11.6). 13(6.5) 1(0.5) 6(3.0) 2(1.0) 9(4.5) 4(2.0). 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 199(99.0) 38(19.1) 57(28.6) 46(23.1) 141(70.9) 58(29.1) (Frequency Missing) : 1 (14),,,,. 6), 4 6 ) 6),,, 1993. p.8
,. 4 6.,.,,,.,.,.,, 4 6, 7 4 6. 7) 4 6, 4 6,,, 4 6. ) 7). (p.43).,, 4 6. 4 6. (1991),, 4 6. 4 6, 4 6. (1981) 4 6., 4 6., 4 6.
?. < 20> : ( : %). 71(35.5) 9(4.5) 23(11.5) 17(8.5) 49(24.5) 22(11.0) 4 6. 111(55.5) 28(14.0) 30(15.0) 21(10.5) 79(39.5) 32(16.0) 18(9.0) 1(0.5) 5(2.5) 8(4.0) 14(7.0) 4(2.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 200(100.0) 38(19.0) 58(29.0) 46(23.0) 142(71.0) 58(29.0) (Frequency Missing) : 0 4 6. 55.5%,. 35.3%. < 20>., 4 6,. < 21> : %. 23.7 39.7 37.0 37.9 4 6. 73.7 51.7 45.6 55.2,
.,,,..,,..,,,,..,.. (15)..,.,.,,,,.,. 1., 1.. (5 ),.,.,.
,.,. -,,,,..,,.. < 22> : ( : %). 3(1.5) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 2(1.0) 2(1.0) 1(0.5). 52(26.0) 10(5.0) 16(8.0) 15(7.5) 41(20.5) 11(5.5). 134(67.0) 25(12.5) 39(19.5) 27(13.5) 91(45.5) 43(21.5). 11(5.5) 3(1.5) 3(1.5) 2(1.0) 8(4.0) 3(1.5) 200(100.0) 38(19.0) 58(29.0) 46(23.0) 142(71.0) 58(29.0) (Frequency Missing) : 0,. 72.5%,,. 27.5%..,.
< 23> : % 26.3 27.6 36.9 20.7 73.7 72.4 63.0 79.3,,.,. 2.,. 20.7% 36.9%.,..?.,...,,..,,.,,,,,,,.,..
. ( )....,,,,,.,.,..,.,,,,,..,,..,,,,,,,,,,,.
(16)...?,,,.,.....,.,...,,,,,. 8)?. < 24>. 89.0%,. 11.0%.., 92.1%, 89.7%, 86.9%, 87.3. ) 8),, < >,, 2004. p.62.
< 24> : ( : %). 2(1.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 1(0.5) 1(0.5) 1(0.5). 20(10.0) 3(1.5) 6(3.0) 5(2.5) 14(7.0) 6(3.0). 162(81.0) 30(15.0) 49(24.5) 38(19.0) 117(58.5) 45(22.5). 16(8.0) 5(2.5) 3(1.5) 2(1.0) 10(5.0) 6(3.0) 200(100.0) 38(19.0) 58(29.0) 46(23.0) 142(71.0) 58(29.0) (Frequency Missing) : 0 11%......,., ( ).,,,.,.,. ( ) ( ).,,
., (17),,.,. 7..??.. 59.3%, 40.7%.. < 26>,..,, < 27>.
< 25> : ( : %). 3(1.5) 2(1.0) 1(0.5) 0(0.0) 3(1.5) 0(0.0). 78(39.2) 15(7.5) 27(13.6) 24(12.1) 66(33.2) 12(6.0). 116(58.3) 21(10.6) 29(14.6) 22(11.1) 72(36.2) 44(22.1). 2(1.0) 0(0.0) 1(0.5) 0(0.0) 1(0.5) 1(0.5) 199(100.0) 38(19.1) 58(29.1) 46(23.1) 142(71.4) 57(28.6) (Frequency Missing) : 1 < 26> : %. 55.3 50.2 47.8 77.4. 44.8 46.8 52.2 21.1,,., 7,,.,.
,,,. (18),.?. < 27> : ( : %) 27(25.2) 7(6.5) 6(5.6) 11(10.3) 24(22.4) 3(2.8) 50(46.7) 11(10.3) 17(15.9) 15(14.) 43(40.2) 7(6.5) 15(14.0) 4(3.7) 4(3.7) 3(2.8) 11(10.3) 4(3.7) 9(8.4) 2(1.9) 5(4.7) 2(1.9) 9(8.4) 0(0.0) 6(5.6) 1(0.9) 2(1.9) 3(2.8) 6(5.6) 0(0.0) 107(99.9) 25(23.4) 34(31.8) 34(31.8) 93(86.9) 14(13.1) (Frequency Missing) : 1 (46.7%), (25.2%), (14.0%). ( : 44.0%, : 50.0%, : 44.1%, : 50.0%), ( : 28.0%, : 17.6%, : 32.4%, : 21.4%).
,,.,.,, (, ),,. < >,,,..,., 2005..,,.. (19),,.,
..,.,,,.,.? < 28> : ( : %) 16(8.1) 8(4.1) 5(2.5) 1(0.5) 14(7.1) 2(1.0) 72(36.5) 9(4.6) 18(9.1) 21(10.7) 48(24.4) 24(12.2) 33(16.8) 4(2.0) 5(2.5) 8(4.1) 17(8.6) 16(8.1), 18(9.1) 3(1.5) 7(3.6) 6(3.0) 16(8.1) 2(1.0) 58(29.4) 12(6.1) 22(11.2) 11(5.6) 45(22.8) 13(6.6) 197(99.9) 36(18.3) 57(28.9) 47(23.9) 140(71.1) 57(28.9) (Frequency Missing) : 3 (36.5%) > (29.4%) > (16.8%) > (9.1%) > (8.1%)., (33.3%, 38.6%), (44.7%, 42.1%).,,,.
..???,,. (33.3%), (25%),.,,.,,. (38.6%), (31.6%),,,,,,,,, 5.,.,,..,.. (20), 2 7
1/ 2., 1/ 2. 1/ 2. 1/ 2.., 5 6...,,,,,,,..,,, 5, 6,.. ( ). 9 ),,..,.
< 29> : ( : %) ( ). 32(16.4) 12(6.2) 6(3.1) 6(3.1) 24(12.3) 8(4.1) ( 111(56.9) 19(9.7) 41(21.0) 27(13.8) 87(44.6) 24(12.3) ).. 47(24.1) 6(3.1) 8(4.1) 8(4.1) 22(11.3) 25(12.8) 5(2.6) 0(0.0) 1(0.5) 3(1.5) 4(2.1) 1(0.5) 195(100.0) 37(19.0) 56(28.7) 44(22.6) 137(70.3) 58(29.7) (Frequency Missing) : 5 ( ). 56.9% ) 9) 2004 10 18, 2005.
56.9%,. (24.1%) ( ). (16.4%).,., (43.1%) (41.3%)., ( ),,,,. 10.,.,.,. 2004,, 2005, 2005,.,.,,. (21) ( ), ( ),,,,, ( ),...
.. < 30> : ( : %). 1(0.5) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 1(0.5) 1(0.5) 0(0.0). 9(4.5) 3(1.5) 3(1.5) 3(1.5) 9(4.5) 0(0.0). 114(57.3) 25(12.6) 29(39.7) 25(12.6) 79(39.7) 35(17.6). 75(37.7) 10(5.0) 25(12.6) 17(8.5) 52(26.1) 23(11.6) 199(100.0) 38(18.6) 57(28.6) 46(23.1) 141(70.9) 58(29.1) (Frequency Missing) : 1 (95.0%).. 5.0%......,,..,.,,., - ( : )- -
,.,.,... < > 7,......,..,,,. (1).,,, 5., < 18>.,. (2) -
.,,,.,., -., (,, ),. (3).,,,.,,,,,. (4),.,,,,.. (5).,,.
....,.,,.,..,,,. 3.,,. -. -. 7..,. 7...
...... ( )...,... (1) ( )..,.. -,. (2)...
. (3).,.,,,. (4)..,., (Macanism).,.. (5) -... -, CD,. (6)
,.,,., ( ). (7) > > > >.,..,.. (8), -. -., -. (9). -.,.
(10). ( 30% ).,. (11),..,,,,. (12),,.,,,,..,. (13).,, 27.5%.
,,. (14).,,.,. (15). 40%.,.,. (16) > > > >...,,,..,.,,,,.
. (17) ( ),., ( ),,,,.. (18).....,.. - ( : )- -,... 18,,..,,.., -,.
..,.,,,. 1...,,, ( ),.,. ( ),,, CD,..,,,.,,.,,,,,, ( ),,,,.
,,. ( :, ), ( :,, ),.., TV... 7,.. 7,,,,.,,, -, 2. -,,.,.,,.
.,,,,,..,,.,.., 2, 5,,..,,.,,..,.,,,,.,.,.,,,,.
.,,.,.,,,,.,,,,.,,,.,,,,,, CD......,,,.,.
,,,,,.,..,,,... 2000 2003 4,,, ( ) 4.,,. ( ),....,, ( 3 ). ( 5 ),, ( 2 ). ( ),. 36%.,..,.
( ) key stage 2 (national curriculum). key stage 3 4 1995. (topic). - (big book),, (copy master),.,..... (carrier guidance), ( ).,.,.,,,,.,,.,,,,,,,,.. (1) ( )....,,.
..,...,. (2),...,.,. 7 30%.,...,,...,. (3).
. ( ).,,.,, ( ),,,,. 2.,,.,.. 1.. 2. 21,. 3.. 4.,.
,,, 2003. 4,, 2004. 5,,, 2003, 2004.,,, 1997. 10.,,, 1998., 7,, 1998. 7., 2,, 2000. 8.,,, 2004., 7,, 1998.,,, 2003.,,, 1998. 12., 7,, 2002.,,, 1998.,,, 2000. 12.,,, 2000. 6.,,, 2002. 12.,,,
2003. 12., 2,, 2000.,,, 1997.,,, 1999.,,, 2003.,,, 2004.,,,,,, 2004. 3.,, 1989.,,, 1998. 4.,, 13,, 2001.,,, 2001. 3., Digital,, 2002. 8. Allan C. Ornstein(1993), Cur r i cul um(2nd edi t i on), Allyn And Bacon. David H. Jonassen(1985), The Technol ogy of Text (vol ume Publications., ), Educational Technology Fred Schultz(2003), Annul Editions ' Educat i on 03/ 04' 30th edition, McGraw - Hill/ Dushkin. Qualification and Curriculum Authority, Anal ysi s of educat i onal r esour ces i n 1997/ 8, QCA, 1998. http:/ / plaza.snu.ac.kr/ korinst/ cgi - bin/ zboad. http:/ / www.asahi-net.or.jp/ hi2h-ikd/ americantextnew.,htm
http:/ / www2.wbs.jp/ hhayashi/ page053.html
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