Dictionary Microsoft Bookshelf - NEWACE English-Korean Dictionary, 2nd Edition - American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 3rd Edition Upd

` Copyright c 2005-2006, mkwind_force@hotmail.com (Copyright c 2002-2004, hgycap@hotmail.com)

Dictionary Microsoft Bookshelf - NEWACE English-Korean Dictionary, 2nd Edition - American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 3rd Edition Update History ver. 1.0 - 한국GRE 4.0 으로 작성 ver. 2.0 - 한국GRE 4.5 update 반영 ver. 2.1 - KOREA GRE Fifth Edition 반영 ver. 3.0 - Revised and Modified through Proofreading ver. 3.5 - 표제어 추가 및 英 英 풀이를 표제어 위주로 수정 ver. 4.0 - GRE Verbal Rainbow Bible 0801 version 반영 ver. 4.5 - 기출대전 v. 2.0 Antonym 반영 (2004. 3. 21) ver. 5.0 -?????????? ver. 5.5 - 발음기호 추가 및 통지1.1(1.1.4) 반영 (2005. 7. 15) Notations ( ) : 관계가 명확하지 않음 ( ) : 관계가 서로 다름 [한] : 한컴 사전(Essence English-Korean Dictionary) 참조 L : Longman, Dictionary of Contemporary English 참조 C : Collins COBUILD Dictionary 참조 : 답 아님 : 어원 Copyright c 2002-2004, hgycap@hotmail.com Copyright c 2005-2006, mkwind_force@hotmail.com

A abacus [ǽbәkәs] n. abacus : calculate :: balance (저울) : weigh abacus : calculate :: sextant : navigate abacus : calculated :: balance : weighted abandon [әbǽndәn] n. : a complete surrender of inhibitions abandon : inhibition :: despair : hope (A lack B) abandon : inhibition :: agitation : tranquility abandon : inhibition :: volubility : terseness :: voluble : terse abandon : inhibition :: consciousness : numbness salvage abandon abase [әbéis] vt. (, ) : DEGRADE to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem abase : stature :: lower : height abase : status :: shorten : length stature, ;, status, ; ; ( ), abase : prestige :: damp : ardor prestige,,,, damp ; ; ardor curtail : duration :: abase : strength abase extol abash [әbǽʃ] vt. : DISCONCERT to destroy the self-possession or selfconfidence of unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded : announcement abash = embarrass, herald = announce embolden abash, faze, cow embolden to foster boldness or courage in; encourage faze to disrupt the composure of; disconcert abate [әbéit] v. (,,, ) : MODERATE 1. to reduce in amount, degree, or intensity; lessen 2. to deduct from an amount; subtract abate : tax :: alleviate : distress alleviate to make (pain, for example) more bearable abate : degree :: discount : price :: fade : loudness :: decelerate : speed :: shrink : size abate : force :: attenuate : thickness attenuate, abate : intensity :: taper : width :: fade : loudness :: decelerate : speed taper ; abatement : intensity :: deceleration : speed thin : density, intensity :: abate : length abate : length :: alleviate : power abate : value :: constrict : diameter abate intensify, promote, increase in intensity, augment abbreviate [әbrí vièit] vt., : to reduce (a word or phrase) to a shorter form intended to represent the full form abbreviation [줄이는 행동, 줄여진 상태 모두를 나타냄] 1. the act or product of shortening 2. a shortened form of a word or phrase used chiefly in writing to represent the complete form abbreviate : sentence :: abridge : essay abbreviation : sentence :: abridgment : essay abbreviation : sentence :: synopsis : narrative (A = B를 줄인 것) synopsis narrative, abbreviation : word :: abridgment : article abbreviation : word :: synopsis : article abbreviate : length :: attenuate : thickness abbreviate : letter :: abridge : word abbreviate extend, protract abdicate [ǽbdikèit] v. : to renounce a throne, high office, dignity, or function recant : belief :: abdicate : throne recant, abdicate : throne :: resign : office abdicate constitute constitute ; ;, abdicate assume assume, ;, ; ( ) abdicate usurp usurp, aberrant [әbérәnt, ǽbәr- ] a., : ATYPICAL deviating from the proper or expected course aberration : course :: digression : theme aberrant : standard :: digressive : topic aberrant typical, normal abet [әbét] vt. ;, 1. to approve, encourage, and support (an action or a plan of action); urge and help on 2. to urge, encourage, or help (a person) abet : assistance :: counsel : guidance (A = B를 하다, 동 : 명) abet : encouragement :: elucidate : clarity elucidate to make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify abet : assistance :: counsel : guidance abet thwart, impede, stymie, frustrate, obstruct, forestall, hinder stymie, forestall, ; ( ) abeyance [әbéiәns] n. ( ) : SUSPENSION temporary inactivity abeyance continuance, fulfillment abhor [æbhɔ r] vt. : LOATHE to regard with extreme repugnance abhorrence : dislike :: adoration : fondness (A >> B) abhor greatly admire abiding [әbáidiŋ] a., : ENDURING, CONTINUING lasting for a long time; enduring abiding evanescent, ephemeral, transient miscreant law-abiding individual miscreant <mískriәnt> ;, abject [ǽbdʒekt, -- ] a. SERVILE, SPIRITLESS 1. brought low in condition or status 2. being of the most contemptible kind 3. being of the most miserable kind abject exultant, spirited, exciting exultant, marked by great joy or jubilation; triumphant abjure [æbdʒúәr / әb-] vt. ( ), 1. to renounce under oath; forswear 2. to recant solemnly; repudiate 3. to give up (an action or practice, for example)

abjure : reject :: ( ) abjure embrace, espouse, affirm abnegate [ǽbnigèit] vt. (, ) : SURRENDER, RELINQUISH abnegate reaffirm abolish [ b' li ] v., 1. to do away with; annul 2. to destroy completely abolish establish abolition, ; (A-) 1. the act of doing away with or the state of being done away with; annulment 2. abolishment of slavery anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery (A break B) abolition persistence in slavery abolitionism [æ bәlíʃәnìzәm] n. anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery (A = B에 반대하는 사 람) abominate [әbɑḿәnèit / әbɔḿ-] v. : to detest thoroughly; abhor abominate esteem aboveboard [әbʌ vbɔ rd] a. : in a straightforward manner surreptitious barefaced, aboveboard surreptitious, ; chicanery aboveboard action chicanery,, deception by trickery or sophistry; a trick abrade [ br'eid] 1. to wear down or rub away by friction; erode 2. to make weary through constant irritation; wear down spiritually abrade augment abrasion [әbréiʒәn] n., abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration (B cause A) desiccate, ; abraded : friction :: vaporized : heat scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization (A lead to B) scuff, lubricate : abrasion :: seal : leakage (A prevent B) lubricate, abrade augment abridge [әbrídʒ] vt. : CONDENSE 1. to reduce the length of (a written text); condense 2. to cut short; curtail abbreviate : sentence :: abridge : essay abbreviation : word :: abridgment : article abridge : length :: attenuate : thickness :: abase : prestige prestige, abridge extend in length, amplify, protract protract to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong abridgement extension condensed unabridged abrogate [ǽbrәgèit] v. ( ) : ANNUL to abolish by authoritative action abrogate uphold, embrace, institute abscission [æbsíʒәn, -ʃәn] n. : REMOVAL the act or process of cutting off abscission process of grafting graft,, abscond [æbskɑńd / -skɔńd] v. :to depart secretly and hide oneself abscond : depart, leave :: pilfer, steal : take pilfer to steal (a small amount or item) abscond : depart :: eavesdrop : listen :: shadow : follow :: secrete : store follow : shadow :: leave : abscond :: plot : scheme abscond : depart :: lurk : wait lurk, ;, lurk : wait :: purloin : appropriate (DEFECTIVE) (purloin과 appropriate는 모두 DEFECTIVE) ( ) purloin <pә:rlɔ in> to steal, often in a violation of trust appropriate ;, absolute [ǽbsәlù t] a. 1. perfect in quality or nature; complete 2. not mixed; pure 3. a. not limited by restriction or exceptions; unconditional b. unqualified in extent or degree; total 4. unconstrained by constitutional or other provisions absolute qualified qualified / ; absolve [æbzɑĺv, -sɑĺv / -zɔĺv] vt., 1. to pronounce clear of guilt or blame, 2. to relieve of a requirement or an obligation exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir (형 : 동) exculpate to clear of guilt or blame hortative : encourage :: exculpatory : absolve hortative, hortatory, marked by strong urging absolve inculpate, indict inculpate = incriminate, ; indict, ; / absorb [æbsɔ rb, -zɔ rb] vt. ; 1. to take (something) in through or as through pores or interstices 2. to occupy the full attention, interest, or time of; engross absorb : sponge :: seal : caulk absorb dissipate, exude, reflect exude ( ) / abstain [æbstéin] vi. : to refrain deliberately and often with an effort of self-denial from an action or practice mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain (A require B) mandatory ;,, abstemious [æbstí miәs] a. : marked by restraint especially in the consumption of food or alcohol abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate (OPPOSITE, 형 : 동) austere,,, abstemious : indulge :: intransigent : control intransigent, reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge reticent, ;, gorge ; cf. gorgeous, ;, abstinent indulging, intemperate, gluttonous glutton ; gluttonous, ; abstinence [ǽbstәnәns] n. ; 1. the act or practice of refraining from indulging an appetite, as for food

2. abstention from alcoholic beverages abstinence : drunkenness :: celibacy : promiscuity celibacy ; promiscuity, ; abstract [æbstrǽkt], ; (epitomize), ; : to draw away the attention of abstract elaborate elaborate to express at greater length or in greater detail abstract attention accentuate underplay underplay accessible [æksésәbәl] a., capable of being understood or appreciated 1. easily approached or entered 2. easily obtained 3. easy to talk to or get along with, 4. easily swayed or influenced cache : hidden :: summit : inaccessible (CHARACTER) abstruse accessible, patent abstraction [æbstræk : n] 1. a. the act or process of abstracting or the state of having been abstracted b. an abstract concept, idea, or term c. an abstract quality 2. preoccupation; absent-mindedness 3. an abstract work of art abstraction attention abstruse [æbstrú s] a. : RECONDITE difficult to comprehend abstruse : comprehension :: indiscernible : vision abstruse accessible, explicit, patent, manifest patent, ; (obvious, plain) abuse [әbjú s] / [әbjú z] v. : REVILE 1. to use wrongly or improperly; misuse 2. to hurt or injure by maltreatment; ill-use 3. to assail with contemptuous, coarse, or insulting words diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery diatribe, burlesque, polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive (명 : 형) polemic, invective,, declamation : grandiloquence :: diatribe : abuse (EQUAL) declamation ;, grandiloquence, pompous or bombastic speech or expression diatribe a bitter, abusive denunciation abut [әbʌ t] v. : to touch along a border or with a projecting part contiguous : abut :: simultaneous : coincide (형 : 동) abysmal [әbízmәl] a.,, stygian : dark :: abysmal : low (A >> B) Styx, accede [æksí d] v. 1. to give one's consent, often at the insistence of nother; concede 2. to arrive at or come into an office or dignity 3. to become a party to an agreement or treaty accede demur, dissent, oppose demur to voice opposition; object dissent v.i., accelerate [æksélәrèit] v., expedite : process :: accelerate : pace expedite, ; ; accelerate : speed :: prolong : duration accelerate retard accentuate [ækséntʃuèit] v. ; ; accessory [æksésәri] n, a., : ADJUNCT 1. a subordinate or supplementary item; an adjunct 2. something nonessential but desirable that contributes to an effect or result accessory of primarily importance accidental [æ ksidéntl] a. : occurring unexpectedly or by chance inventiveness : accidental :: effect : casual (OPPOSITE) casual,, safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss (A = B로부터 보호) hedge ;, intentional : accidental :: arrogant : humble (OPPOSITE) acclimate [æ klәḿèit, әkláimit] vt. : to adapt to a new temperature, altitude, climate, environment, or situation; adapt adapt to make suitable to or fit for a specific use or situation acclimate become unaccustomed, disaccustom, make unfamiliar with, make unaccustomed acclimated unaccustomed accolade [ǽkәlèid] n. ( );, accolade excoriating remark, cutting remark excoriate ; accolade swearword, censure, denunciation, reproof, reprobation, disapprobation, denigration, castigation, criticism swearword, denigrate ;, ( ) accolade derogate, speak ill, excoriate derogate (, ), ; deplore accolade, extol deplore ; accommodate [әk ḿәdèit / әkɔ m-] v., ; ; ; 1. to do a favor or service for; oblige 2. to provide for; supply with 3. to hold comfortably without crowding 4. to make suitable; adapt 5. to allow for; consider 6. to settle; reconcile accommodate : supply :: obliterate : remove (A = B) obliterate, accomplice [әk ḿplis / әkʌḿ-] n. one who aids or abets a lawbreaker in a criminal act, either as a principal or an accessory accost [әkɔ ( )st, әk śt] vt. : to approach and speak to often in a aggressive, hostile, or sexually suggestive manner accost : approach :: importune : request (A >> B) importune ; beset, ; ;

accountability [әkàuntәbílәti] n. accountable 1. liable to being called to account; answerable 2. that can be explained an accountable phenomenon accrete [әkrí t] v. : ACCUMULATE : to make larger or greater, as by increased growth accretion a. growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion b. something added externally to promote such growth or increase accrete : growth :: erode : destruction accrete : grow :: inch : advance (A << B) inch to move or cause to move slowly or by small degrees accrete wear away accretion reduction in substance caused by erosion capitulate categorical ; acquiesce defy, resist, refute defy, ; refute ; acquisition [æ kwәzíʃәn] n., divestiture acquisition divest ( ) ; ( ) acquit [әkwít] vt. 1. (law) to free or clear from a charge or accusation, 2. to release or discharge from a duty ( ) acre [e ikәr] [ ];, ream : paper :: acre : land accumulate [әkjú mjәlèit] v., : AMASS : to gather or pile up especially little by little accumulate dissipate accumulation dissipation accuse [әkjú z] v. : BLAME 1. to charge with a shortcoming or an error 2. to charge formally with a wrongdoing acerbic [әsә rbik] a., : sour or bitter, as in taste, character, or tone acerbic sweet, saccharine saccharine <sæ kәrì:n> ; ; acerbity saccharine achromatic [æ krәmǽtik] a. : designating color perceived to have zero saturation and therefore no hue, such as neutral grays, white, or black hue 색조; 특색, 경향 1. the property of colors by which they can be perceived as ranging from red through yellow, green, and blue, as determined by the dominant wavelength of the light 2. a particular gradation of color; a shade or tint 3. color 4. appearance; aspect achromatic : hue :: transitory : permanence (A lack B) achromatic : hue :: extraneous : essence :: transitory : permanence (LACK) acid ; / 1. a substance having a sour taste 2. the quality of being sarcastic, bitter, or scornful acid savory acme [ǽkmi] n., : APEX, CULMINATION, ZENITH acme : surpass :: impossibility : execute (B할 수 없는 상태 = A) surpass, acme : mountain :: crest : wave (A = B의 정점, 꼭대기) vagary : predict :: acme : surpass (A면 B하기 힘들다) vagary, an extravagant or erratic notion or action acme nadir acquiesce [æ kwiés] v. : to accept, comply, or submit tacitly or passively intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend intransigent, deferential, acquiesce : yielding :: capitulate : categorical (OPPOSITE, A에는 마지 못해 하는 뉘앙스가 있음) yielding inclined to give way to pressure, argument, or influence; docile acrid [ǽkrid] a., : IRRITATING 1. unpleasantly sharp, pungent, or bitter to the taste or smell 2. caustic in language or tone acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile (A lack B) grating, strident : sound :: acrid : odor strident, acrid : odor :: grating, piercing : sound acrid gentle, savory savory ;, ;, acrimonious [æ krәmóuniәs] a., : caustic, biting, or rancorous especially in feeling, language, or manner uninformative : knowledge :: acrimonious : goodwill (LACK) acrimonious harmonious acumen [әkjú mәn, ǽkjә-] n., : quickness, accuracy, and keenness of judgment or insight alacrity : prompt :: acumen : shrewd (EQUAL, 명 : 형) shrewd,, acumen obtuseness, bluntness, unable to discerning blunt,,, acute [әkjú t] a.,,, perspicacity : acute :: caprice : whimsical perspicacity (acuteness); (penetration) fatuous acute fatuous, ; acute mild ad hoc [æd-hɑḱ, -hóuk] adj. ad. 1. for the specific purpose, case, or situation at hand and for no other a. 1. formed for or concerned with one specific purpose 2. improvised and often impromptu adage,, a saying that sets forth a general truth and that has gained credit through long use adamant [ǽdәmәnt, -mæǹt] a., : UNYIELDING : unshakable or immovable especially in opposition adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control refractory, ; obstinately resistant to authority or control impossible : execute :: adamant : move adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble (A = B하지 않는) gamble, ;

adamant vacillatory, moved, inclined to yield, easily change mind, flexible, irresolute, pliable, yielding vacillatory inclined to waver; irresolute adapt [әdǽpt] vt., : to make suitable to or fit for a specific use or situation adapt remain unchanged adaptable unchangeable addendum [әdéndәm] n. : something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book addendum : document :: postscript : letter addict vt. ; 1. to devote or give (oneself) habitually or compulsively 2. to cause to become compulsively and physiologically dependent on a habit-forming substance disabuse : error :: rehabilitate : addiction (A = B에서 벗어나다) addicted [әdíktid] a., addict to devote or surrender (oneself) to something habitually or obsessively inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency (A = B를 가지고 있는) inure, adept [әdépt] /[ǽdept] adj., : very skilled complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit (OPPOSITE) complaisance ; the inclination to comply willingly with the wishes of others; amiability adept bungling, clumsy, inept bungle, to work or act ineptly or inefficiently adhere v., ;, 1. to stick fast by or as if by suction or glue 2. to be a devoted follower or supporter 3. to carry out a plan, a scheme, or an operation without deviation adhere detach adherent [ædhíәrәnt] n. : a believer in or advocate especially of a particular idea or church adherent dissenter, forerunner dissenter ( ) ; - forerunner, ; adhesive [ædhí siv, -ziv] n., adhesive : bind :: compass : orient compass <kʌ mpәs> ( ) etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive etch, ; adjourn [әdʒә rn] vi. ( ) / convoke adjourn adjudicate v. ; ( ) 1. (law) to hear and settle (a case) by judicial procedure 2. to study and settle (a dispute or controversy) adjudicator [әdʒú dikèitәr] n. one that act as judge adjunct [ǽdʒʌŋkt] n., something joined or added to another thing but not essentially a part of it adjunct essential element ad-lib[ædlíb, - -] n. : something spoken, composed, or performed without preparation ad-lib : impromptu :: side, aside : divergent (명 : 형) aside ad., n. ;, admire v. / ; 1. to regard with pleasure, wonder, and approval 2. to have a high opinion of; esteem or respect admission [ædmíʃәn, әd-] n., lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission ( ) raffle a lottery in which a number of persons buy chances to win a prize admonish[ædmɑńiʃ, әd- / -mɔń-] v., : to express warning or disapproval to especially in a gentle, earnest, or solicitous manner admonish : denounce :: punish : pillory (A << B) pillory ; (pillory) peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation (A << B) castigation, pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove (A << B) alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory exculpate to clear of guilt or blame apprise : information :: admonish : warning (동 : 명) apprise to give notice to; inform cf. appraise to evaluate, especially in an official capacity adore [әdɔ r] vt., 1. to worship as God or a god 2. to regard with deep, often rapturous love 3. to like very much abhorrence : dislike :: adoration : fondness, affection (A >> B) adulate : fawn :: woo, love : adore (A = B :: A << B) ( ) adulate, to praise or admire excessively; fawn on woo,, apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration (A << B) terror intense, overpowering fear fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness (A >> B) adroit [әdrɔít] a. : having or showing skill, cleverness, or resourcefulness in handling situations loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly (OPPOSITE) adroitness : inept :: difficulty : simplicity (OPPOSITE) (품사가 맞지 않 음) ( ) adroit ungainly, inept ham-handed deft, adroit ham-handed, ; adulate [ǽdʒәlèit] v. : to flatter or admire excessively or slavishly adulate : fawn :: woo : adore ( ) aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration (A >> B) disinclination a lack of inclination; a mild aversion or reluctance admire / ; fulminate : criticize :: adulate : flatter (A >> B) fulminate ; adulate scorn, excoriate, disparage, disdain, vituperate, reproach, vilify disparage ; adulation obloquy, disdain, vituperation, somber affection obloquy <áblәkwi>, ;,, disdain,, vituperation,, somber, ; ;, ; (dismal)

adulterate [әdʌĺtәrèit] vt. aesthetics : beauty :: epistemology : knowledge adult : child :: cat : kitten adulterate : pure :: bolster, brace : weak :: dismantle : unity bolster ;, brace ( ) ; ;, demand : satisfied :: adulterate : pristine (OPPOSITE) epistemology gourmet : food :: aesthete : art gourmet <gúәrmei>, philistine aesthete philistine ( ) ; pristine, stickler : approximation :: purist : adulteration (A object B) affable [ǽfәbәl] a. embellish : austere :: adulterate : pure (A B) dismantle : unity :: adulterate : pristine (A B) (품사가 일치하지 않 음) ( ) dismantle to take apart; disassemble; tear down adulterate : purity :: enervate : vigor (A remove B) unalloyed adulterated tainted unadulterated : characterized by ease and friendliness affable irascible, testy irascible, testy,, (irritable) affability surliness, sullenness surly,, sullen, ; (, ) adulteration purification affectation [`æfekt'ei : n] n., ; adumbrate [ædʌḿbrèit, ǽdәmbrèit] v. 1. to give a sketchy outline of 2. to prefigure indistinctly; foreshadow 3. to disclose partially or guardedly revelation adumbration adversary [ǽdvәrsèri / -sәri] n. : ENEMY, FOE affected [әféktid] a. : PRETENDED supplicant : humility :: adversary : resistance (A have B, CHARACTER) supplicant n. a., humility, adversary ally ally <әlái>, ;, : assumed artificially or falsely posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant (A = B가 없는 사람) tolerant, ; disaffected : contentment :: dubious : commitment, conviction :: dishonest : integrity (A lack B) disaffect, to cause to lose advertence [ædvә rtәns, әd-] n., ; affection or loyalty disaffected resentful and rebellious, especially advert ; to call attention; refer advertence inattention advertent inattentive inadvertence careful attention against authority commit, ;, ; ( ), conviction ( );, a fixed or strong belief officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel (형용사 : 동사) advertise [ǽdvәrtàiz] vt. officious, : to announce publicly especially by a printed notice or a broadcast advertising : commercial :: publishing : journal meddle, disaffected content, contented affected natural, artless, ingenuous ingenuous, ;, advocate [ǽdvәkèit] vt. : to speak, pled, or argue in favor of affection [әfékʃәn] n., : FONDNESS exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass exponent, pollster, polltaker canvass ; ( ) ; advocate denounce apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration (A << B) embrace, kiss : affection :: shrug : indifference :: frown : displeasure (A = B를 보여주는 행동) shrug to raise (the shoulders), especially as a gesture of doubt, disdain, or indifference scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection :: hurl : disgust scowl aerate [ɛ әreit, éiәrèit] v., ; hurl, ; ; swagger : bravado :: caress : affection (sign) aerate : oxygen :: hydrate : water aerate remove air from swagger, bravado caress <kәre s>, ; aerial [ɛ әriәl, eiíәr-] a. obeisance : esteem :: embrace : affection : of relating to, or occurring in the air or atmosphere aerial : air :: aquatic : water obeisance, ; embrace ; ( ) ;, aesthete, 1. one who cultivates an unusually high sensitivity to beauty, as in art or nature 2. one whose pursuit and admiration of beauty is regarded as excessive or affected aesthetics [esɵétiks / i s-] n. : a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, and taste and with the creation and appreciation of beauty 1. a show, pretense, or display 2. a. behavior that is assumed rather than natural; artificiality b. a particular habit, as of speech or dress, adopted to give a false impression affectation artlessness mercurial : mood :: fickle : affection mercurial ; ( ) ;, ;, fickle, ; antipathy affection adulation somber affection somber, ; ;, ; (dismal) adulation excessive flattery or admiration

affidavit [æ fәdéivit] n., events of navigational importance : a sworn statement in writing made especially under oath or on affirmation aggrandize [әgrǽndaiz, ǽgrәndàiz] vt., affidavit : statement :: wedding : ceremony (A is a kind of B) : to make appear great or greater; praise highly aggrandize disparage, undermine, relegate, efface affiliate v., ;...,... relegate,, 1. to adopt or accept as a member, subordinate associate, or branch 2. to associate (oneself) as a subordinate, subsidiary, effacing aggrandizing efface, ; conspicuous ; employee, or member 3. to assign the origin of aggravate [ǽgrәvèit] vt. : to make worse, more serious, or more severe; intensify unpleasantly affiliation [әfìliéiʃәn] n., ;, ; ; : to bring or receive into close connection as a member or branch affiliation dissociation affinity [әfínәti] n. ( ); ;, 1. a natural attraction or feeling of kinship 2. relationship by marriage 3. an inherent similarity between persons or things affinity antipathy, aversion, hideousness, repugnance hideous <hídiәs>,, ; affix [ f'iks] 1. to secure to something; attach 2. to impute; attribute 3. to place at the end; append affix detach succor aggravate succor <sʌ kәr>, to give assistance to in time of want, difficulty, or distress aggravate alleviate, ameliorate alleviate, to make (pain, for example) more bearable ameliorate / to make or become better; improve console aggravate grief allay increase the intensity of, aggravate, intensify allay <әle i>, aggregate [ǽgrigèit] v, n., v., ; (, ) : to collect or gather into a mass or whole coalesce disaggregate coalesce, disaggregate, disintegrate join together aggregate isolated units (명) aggregate disperse (동) afflict [әflíkt] v. : torture, gruel, distress, wreak, inflict, tribulate affliction [әflíkʃәn] n. 1. a condition of pain, suffering, or distress 2. a cause of pain, suffering, or distress affluent [ǽflu( )әnt, әflú -] a. : having a generously sufficient and typically increasing supply of material possessions affluent needy, indigent indigent <índidʒәnt>, experiencing want or need; impoverished impecunious wealthy, prosperous, affluent impecunious lacking money; penniless penury affluence penury, affront [әfrʌńt] v., : to insult intentionally, especially openly : An open or intentional offense, slight, or insult aghast [әgǽst, әgɑ st] a. : SHOCKED : struck by shock, terror, or amazement agenda [әdʒéndә] n. ( ) : a list or program of things to be done or considered program : concert :: agenda : meeting repertoire : performance :: manifest : cargo :: agenda : meeting manifest ( ) curriculum : class :: menu : dish curriculum, syllabus : course :: agenda : meeting itinerary : travel, trip :: agenda : meeting minute : agenda :: log : itinerary (주요 기록 사항) minute a note or summary covering points to be remembered itinerary,, log a record of a ship's speed, its progress, and any shipboard aggressive [әgrésiv] a., : inclined to behave in a hostile fashion aggressive even meaning, even-tempered aggrieve [әgrí v] vt., : DISTRESS 1. to distress; afflict 2. to inflict an injury or injuries on aggrieve gratify, comfort, inspire gratify, to please or satisfy; to give what is desired to aggrieved buoyant, sinking( ) aghast [ g'æst] adj., : struck by shock, terror, or amazement aghast undismayed dismay 1. to destroy the courage or resolution of by exciting dread or apprehension 2. to cause to loose enthusiasm; disillusion 3. to upset or alarm agile ['æd3 l] adj., ;, 1. characterized by quickness, lightness, and ease of movement; nimble 2. mentally alert agile sluggish agility dilatoriness, hesistancy dilatory, ; hesistancy, hesistance,, agitate ['æd3it`eit] v. ;, 1. to cause to move with violence or sudden force 2. to upset; disturb 3. to arouse interest in (a cause, for example) by use of the written or spoken word; debate agitate soothe agog [әgɑǵ / әgɔǵ] adj. / : full of intense interest or excitement : EAGER

agonize v. ; 1. to suffer extreme pain or great anguish 2. to make a great effort; struggle agony [ǽgәni] n., : ANGUISH, TORTURE : intense pain of mind or body agonized : distress :: obsessed : concern (A >> B) obsess to preoccupy the mind of excessively painful : agonizing :: important : paramount (A << B) paramount of chief concern or importance; supreme in rank, power, or authority agrarian [әgrɛ әriәn] a. agrarian : farming :: mercantile : trade mercantile <m ә:rkәntì:l> of or relating to merchants or trade airtight [ɛ әrtàit] a., : having no noticeable weakness, flaw, or loophole airtight : loophole :: (A = B가 없는) foolproof : fail :: airtight : leak foolproof, alacrity [әlǽkrәti] n., : promptness in response; cheerful readiness husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate (OPPOSITE) husbandry,, ;, procrastinate, alacrity : prompt :: acumen : shrewd (EQUAL, 명 : 형) alacrity : apathetic :: temerity : timid (OPPOSITE) apathetic ;, temerity foolhardy disregard of danger; recklessness timid lacking self-confidence; shy; fearful and hesitant alacrity dilatoriness, hesitancy, hesitance, reluctance, delay dilatory intended to delay; tending to postpone or delay alacrity recalcitrance, sluggishness recalcitrant marked by stubborn resistance to and defiance of authority or guidance alchemy [ǽlkәmi] n., alchemy : chemistry :: false drug : treatment astrology : astronomy :: alchemy : chemistry alchemy : science :: nostrum : remedy nostrum ; (, ) alibi [ǽlәbài] n. : an explanation offered to avoid blame or justify action; an excuse alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory exculpatory,, admonitory, alibi : exculpatory :: admonishment : warning alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive (A is for B) sophism, alienate ['eilj n`eit] v.,, alienate unite, reunite allay [әléi] v., : ALLEVIATE 1. to reduce the intensity of; relieve 2. to calm or pacify; set to rest allay increase the intensity of, excite, galvanize, arouse, exacerbate, foment, aggravate, compel, intensify, irritate, provoke exacerbate to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of; aggravate allegiance [әlí dʒәns] n. : devotion or loyalty to a person, group, or cause authority : pundits :: allegiance : partisans (B have A) pundit, partisan, renegade : allegiance :: apostate : faith renegade, apostate <әpásteit>, apostasy abandonment of one's religious faith, a political party, one's principles, or a cause allegory [ǽlәgɔ ri / -gәri] n. ; : the expression by means of symbolic fictional figures and actions of truths or generalizations about human existence allegory : fiction :: (B use A) allergy ['æl :rd3i] n. ;, 1. an abnormal high sensitivity to certain substances, such as pollens, foods, or microorganisms 2. (informal) an adverse sentiment; antipathy allergy : reaction :: lancet : instrument (A is a kind of B) alleviate [әlí vièit] v. : RELIEVE, LESSEN : to make (as suffering) more bearable abate : tax :: alleviate : distress alleviate : intensity :: abate : tax :: console : grief alleviate : strength :: dampen : ardor alleviate : power :: attenuate : force alleviate intensify, exacerbate, increase intensity albino [ælbáinou / -bí -] n. (,, ) exacerbate to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of; aggravate albino : pigment :: prairie : tree pigment, alliterate [әlítәrèit] v. prairie treeless grassland alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface (OPPOSITE) blazon, ;, efface, ; conspicuous ; alloy [әlɔí] v.,, : to debase by the addition of an inferior element alloy : purity :: thin : density (A reduce B) allowance [әláuәns] n. ( ) : a share or portion allotted or granted pittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream (A is small B) pittance / ; rivulet, allude [әlú d] vi. : to make indirect reference intimate : communicate :: allude : refer intimate, ; allude mention explicitly align [әláin] v., aligned awry, not affiliated, askew awry <әrái>, ;, affiliate,, aligned improperly adjusted, badly/improperly adjusted, warped, irregular, not affiliated warp <wɔ:rp>,, ally [әlái] n., ally adversary, rival aloft [әlɔ ( )ft / -lɑ -] ad. : at or to a great height founder stay aloft founder ;,

groundedly aloft aloof [әlu f] a., : removed or distant either physically or emotionally politic : offend :: aloof : associate (OPPOSITE) (형 : 동) politic, ; ;, aloof having affinity, gregarious, intimate gregarious ; (sociable);, alphabetical [æ lfәbétikәl] a. dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological annals ; altruism [ǽltru ìzәm] n. altruist : selflessness :: connoisseur : expertise (A have B) connoisseur, expertise / altruism egocentrism, egoism vulture altruist vulture, ;, amalgamate [әmǽlgәmèit] v., : to unite in or as if in an amalgam, especially to merge into a single body amalgamation : disintegrated :: (OPPOSITE) amalgamate separate, isolate, disintegrate, insulate insulate ;, amalgamation disintegration amass [әmǽs] v. : ACCUMULATE : to gather together for oneself, as for one's pleasure or profit; accumulate amass dissipate ambiguous [æmbígjuәs] a., : doubtful or uncertain especially from obscurity or indistinctness ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth (LACK) mendacious, ; ambiguous : understand :: blatant : ignore (A = B하기 힘든) blatant ; ; equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal platitude, ;, banal,, (trivial) equivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruent, incongruous oxymoron [for example, crowed solitude] incongruent, unequivocal : ambiguous :: spotless : blemish (OPPOSITE) (품사가 일 치하지 않음) ( ) blemish an imperfection that mars or impairs; a flaw or defect ambivalence n., 1. the coexistence of opposing attitudes or feelings, such as love and hate, toward a person, an object, or an idea 2. uncertainty or indecisiveness as to which course to follow ambivalent [æmbívәlent] a. ; : simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or feelings toward an object, person, or action ambivalent committed committed, [ ] amble [ǽmbәl] vi. : SAUNTER : to walk slowly or leisurely; stroll walk : amble :: talk : chat :: draw : doodle doodle, amble : wander (EQUAL) wander, amble step/stride/walk quickly ambrosial [æmbróuʒiәl] a., extremely pleasing to taste or smell in food mellifluous : music :: ambrosial : food mellifluous, mellifluous : sound :: savory : taste savory, ambulatory [ǽmbjulәtɔ ri / -tәri] v. ambulatory <> bedridden ameliorate [әmí ljәrèit, -liә-] vt. : to make or become better; improve ameliorate : promotion :: exacerbate : depravation (EQUAL, 동사 : 명 사) exacerbate ; to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of; aggravate depravation,, deprave, to debase, especially morally; corrupt ameliorate : improve :: admonish : caution (EQUAL, 동 : 동) ameliorate aggravate, exacerbate damper ameliorator damp ;, amenable [әmí nәbәl, әméŋә-] a. (, ) : readily brought to yield, submit, or cooperate amenable inimical, intransigent inimical, ;, intransigent / ; amend v. / 1. to change for the better; improve 2. to remove the faults or errors in; correct 3. to alter (a legislative measure, for example) formally by adding, deleting, or rephrasing corrective : amend :: paradigm : exemplify amenity [ m'en ti] n., : something that conduces to comfort, convenience, or enjoyment amenity : comfortable :: honorarium : grateful honorarium <ànәr ɛәriәm> ( ), grateful, ; amiable [éimiәbәl] a. : being friendly, sociable, and congenial inimical friendly, amiable, amicable amicable [ǽmikәbәl] a. : PEACEABLE : characterized by friendly goodwill amicable : malign :: negligible : elevate (OPPOSITE) malign to make evil, harmful, and often untrue statement about; speak evil of elevate, ; inimical friendly, amiable, amicable asperity amicableness amiss [әmís] a. ad., : IMPERFECTLY 1. out of proper order 2. not in perfect shape; faulty amnesia [æmn'i:3 ] n., : partial or total loss of memory, usually resulting from shock, psychological disturbance, brain injury, or illness amnesia : memory :: enervation : vigor

amorphous [әmɔ rfәs] a. : SHAPELESS : having no definite form amorphous : shape :: errant, wandering : course :: ignorant : knowledge :: equivocal : meaning errant, ( ), ( ) amorphousness : definition :: lassitude : energy (LACK) lassitude, a state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or listlessness amorphous defined, definite amphibian [æmfíbiәn] n. ; ; amplify [ǽmplәfài] vt. : INCREASE 1. to make larger or more powerful; increase 2. to add to, as by illustrations; make complete 3. to exaggerate 4. to produce amplification of amplify mute, abridge mute ; ( ) measure : dimension :: analyze : nature synthesis analysis anarchist [ǽnәrkist] n. : one who rebels against any authority, established order, or ruling power anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery anarchist : rebel :: apologist : defend apologist / anarchy order anathema [әnǽɵәmә] n. : CURSE, EXECRATION 1. a formal ecclesiastical ban, curse, or excommunication 2. a vehement denunciation; a curse 3. one that is cursed or damned 4. one that is greatly reviled, loathed, or shunned anathema : curse :: theocracy : state (A is a kind of B) anathema ; ( ) state anathema panegyric, blessing panegyric /, (laudation) amplitude [ǽmplitjù d ] n. : FULLNESS 1. greatness of size; magnitude 2. fullness; copiousness amplitude meagerness meager, ;, amulet [ǽmjәlit] n. : an object worn, especially around the neck, as a charm against evil or injury amulet : evil :: helmet : injury (A prevent B) anachronism [әnǽkrәnìstic] n., / ( ) 1. representation of someone as existing or something as happening in other than the chronological, proper, or historical order 2. one that is out of its proper or chronological order anachronistic : time :: discordant : sound anaerobic [ǽnәròubic, ænɛ әroubic] a. : living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of free oxygen anaerobic living in oxygen, require oxygen, respiring respire ; ancestor [ǽnsestәr, -sәs-] n. heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator heirloom < ɛәrlù:m> bequest,, testator scion ancestor scion <sáiәn> ( ) anchor ['ænk r] n. ; v. / anchor dislodge dislodge,,, ancillary [ǽnsәlèri / ænsílәri] a. : of secondary importance; auxiliary, helping ancillary paramount anecdote [ǽnikdòutidʒ] n. 1. a short account of an interesting or humorous incident 2. anecdotes or anecdota secret or hitherto undivulged particulars of history or biography anecdote : amusement :: lecture : instruction (PURPOSE) anecdote : story :: anecdote : narrative :: skit : play (A B) skit, analgesia [æǹәldʒí zik, -dʒésik] : a deadening or absence of the sense of pain without loss of consciousness analgesia sensitivity to pain analgesic [`æn ld3'i:zik] n. analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation anesthetic aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs aseptic pain : analgesic :: sensation : anesthetic :: symptom : palliative palliative analgesia : pain :: simplification : complexity tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden soporific : alertment :: analgesic : pain analogy [әnǽlәdʒi] n. : SIMILARITY disparate analogous disparate <díspәrit> fundamentally distinct or different in kind; entirely dissimilar analogous lacking similarity analysis [әnǽlәsis] n. anemia [ n'i:mi ] n. ; anemia plethora plethora, (overfullness);, anemic [әní mik] a. ; 1. of, relating to, or suffering from anemia( ) 2. lacking vitality; listless and weak anemic hale, strong hale free from infirmity or illness; sound anesthetic [æǹәsɵétik] a. n., : lacking awareness or sensitivity analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs soporific : alert :: anesthetic : pain soporific sensation anesthesia anesthesia <æ nisθí:ʒә>, anhydrous [ænháidrәs] a. : without water, especially water of crystallization anhydrous wet

animation [æǹәméiʃәn] n. : ALIVE lassitude vim, verve, animation lassitude, ; a state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or listlessness vim,, verve ( ), ; ( ), anomaly [ m'am li] adj.,, 1. deviation or departure from the normal or common order, form, or rule 2. one that is peculiar, irregular, abnormal, or difficult to classify anomaly conformity to norms, predicted occurrence animus [ǽnәmәs] n., ;, 1. an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition 2. a feeling of animosity; ill will animus friendship, friendliness annals [ǽnәlz] n. 1. a chronological record of the events of successive years 2. a descriptive account or record; a history 3. a periodical journal in which the records and reports of a learned field are compiled dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological annotate [ǽnәtèit] to furnish (a literary work) with critical commentary or explanatory notes; gloss annotate : commentary :: gloss : definition gloss, ;, ;,, annoy [әnɔí] vt., 1. to cause slight irritation to (another) by troublesome, often repeated acts 2. to harass or disturb by repeated attacks testy : annoy :: tractable : control (B하기 쉬운 = A) testy, tractable, annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl (B = A하는 사람) gadfly ; churl mawkish : sentimental :: peeved : annoyed (A >> B :: A = B) ( ) mawkish excessively and objectionably sentimental peeve, to cause to be annoyed or resentful maudlin : sentimental :: peeved : annoyed (A >> B :: A = B) ( ) maudlin, effusively or tearfully sentimental patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (EQUAL) patronize, ;, ; condescend ; to deal with people in a patronizingly superior manner testy : annoy :: hesitating : balk (CHARACTER) balk <bɔ:k>, anonymous [әnɑńәmәs / әnɔńә-] a., : not named or identified anonymous : identify :: nonchalant : excite (A lack B) nonchalant,, seeming to be coolly unconcerned or indifferent antagonize [æntǽgәnàiz] vt., : to incur the dislike of; to counteract cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize (A하기 쉬운 = B) choler <kálәr>, anger; irritability synergic antagonistic synergic, synergistic propitiate, placate, mollify antagonize propitiate, to conciliate; appease placate <ple ikeit> to allay the anger of, especially by making concessions; appease allay <әle i> (calm); antecedence [`ænt s'i:d: ns] antecedence posterity n. ;, precedence antediluvian [æǹtidilú viәn / -vjәn] a. : extremely old and antiquated antediluvian : age :: colossal : size colossal <kәlásәl>, antenna [ænténә] n., antennae : butterfly :: (B have A) anterior [æntíәriәr] a. : coming before in time or development anterior ensuing ensue,, anthology [ænɵɑĺәdʒi / -ɵɔĺ-] n. compendium : summary :: anthology : collection (EQUAL) compendium, ; antibiotic [æǹtibaiɑ tik, -tai / -ɔ t-] n. antibiotic : infection :: coagulant : bleeding coagulant annul [әnʌĺ] v., 1. to make or declare void or invalid, as a marriage or a law; nullify 2. to obliterate the effect or existence of annul make legal, reaffirm anodyne [ǽnoudàin] n. (analgesic, pain-killer) a. 1. capable of soothing or eliminating pain 2. relaxing 3. watered-down; insipid anomalous [әnɑḿәlәs / әnɔḿ-] a. : IRREGULAR, UNUSUAL anomaly : paradigmatic :: blemish : flawless (OPPOSITE) paradigm, blemish ( ), to mar or impair by a flaw anomalous conforming to norms, normal, typical antic [ǽntik] n., : a ludicrous or extravagant act or gesture facetious : speech :: antic : behavior facetious <fәsí:ʃәs> ;, playfully jocular; humorous anticipatory [æntísәpәtɔ ri, -tòu-] a., retrospective anticipatory antidote [ǽntidòut] n. antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation :: remedy : disease balm ;, antidote : poison :: tonic : lethargy lethargy, antidote intoxication antipathy [æntípәɵi] n., : DISTASTE : settled aversion or dislike antipathy affection, affinity, benevolence, fondness, predilection, proclivity, settled fondness predilection, (preference) proclivity,, (tendency)

antique [æntí k] a. : ANCIENT 1. belonging to, made in, or typical of an earlier period 2. of or belonging to ancient times, especially of, from, or characteristic of ancient Greece or Rome 3. of or dealing in antiques 4. old-fashioned antique recent antiseptic [æǹtәséptik] n. oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize sedative sterilize / ; ; antithetic adj. ;, 1. of, relating to, or marked by antithesis 2. being in diametrical opposition anvil [ǽnvәl] n. hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar apathetic adj. ;, (indifferent) 1. feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent 2. feeling or showing little or no emotion; unresponsive apathetic motivated, vehement vehement ;, apathy [ǽpәɵi] n., : IMPASSIVENESS : lack of feeling or emotion ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic (OPPOSITE) ennui <á:nwi>,, listless and dissatisfaction resulting from lack of interest fervor, vehement apathetic vehement, ;, apex [éipeks] n. 1. the highest point; the vertex 2. the point of culmination 3. the usually pointed end of an object; the tip apex nadir <néidiә> aphorism [ǽfәrìzәm] n. : ADAGE 1. a tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion; an adage 2. a brief statement of a principle brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature (CHARACTER) pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffusive (A is not B) euphemism diffuse ; apiary [éipièri, -әri] n. apiary : bee :: cage : pet aplomb [әplɑḿ, әplʌ m / әplɔḿ] n., : complete and confident composure or self-assurance trepidation aplomb trepidation, ;, apocalyptic [әpɑ kәlíptik / әpɔ k] a., : PROPHETIC apocalyptic : prophetic :: inconsequential : illogical (EQUAL) apocalyptic : prophetic :: inconsequential : irrational apocalyptic inconsequential (apocalypse에 중요한 의 개념은 없 음) ( ) inconsequential ; apocrypha [әpɑḱrәfә / әpɔḱri-] n. ; : writings or statements of questionable authorship or authenticity apocrypha canon apocryphal authentic, authenticated apogee ['æp d3`i:] n. ( perigee),, apogee lowliest, nadir apologize [әpɑĺәdʒàiz / әpɔĺ-] v., 1. to make excuse for or regretful acknowledgment of a fault or offense 2. to make a formal defense or justification in speech or writing saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend saboteur patron : support :: apologist : defend patron, ; apologize : regret :: gibe : derision (EQUAL, 동 : 명) gibe, to make taunting, heckling, or jeering remarks derision, apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed contrite, apologist : defend :: anarchist : rebel disciple : follow :: apologist : defend (명(사람) : 동) disciple <disáipәl>, ; heretic : unconformity :: apologist : defend (명(사람) : 명) heretic <héritik>, conformity,, ;, apologist critic, detractor detract (, ), ; to draw or take away; divert apology [ p` l d3i] n. ; ; 1. an acknowledgment expressing regret or asking pardon for a fault or offense 2. a. a formal justification or defense b. an explanation or excuse 3. an inferior substitute apology : regret :: gibe : derision (A show B) apologist [әpɑĺәdʒist / әpɔĺ-] n. ( ) : one who speaks or writes in defense of someone or something apologist critic/detractor apophasis [әpɑ fәsәs] n. : allusion to something by denying that it will be mentioned apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox (A B) oxymoron apophasis : claim :: caprice : deliberate (A B :: OPPOSITE) ( ) caprice deliberate ; apoplectic [æ pәpléktik] a., : greatly agitated; extremely angry apoplectic : angry :: emaciated : thin (A >> B) emaciate to make or become extremely thin apoplectic : calm :: callow : mature :: incorrigible : tractable (OPPOSITE) callow ( ) ; lacking adult maturity or experience; immature apoplectic calm apostasy [әpɑśtәsi / әpɔś-] n., : DEFECTION : renunciation of a religious faith; abandonment of a previous loyalty apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy (B를 버림 : 반드시 B를 버리는 것은 아님) ( ) recant ( ) /

heresy,, apostasy fidelity apostrophe [әpɑśtrәfi / әpɔś-] n. a mark ' used to indicate the omission of letters or figures, the possessive case, or the plural of letters or figures apostrophes : word :: ellipsis : sentence ellipsis ( ) parenthesis : explanation :: apostrophe : omission * ellipsis (,..., ***) : omission * asterisk(*) : annotation( ), indicate an omission or a reference to a footnote * caret (^) : interpolation, indicate something is to be inserted in a line of printed or written matter apothecary [әpɑ ɵәkèri / apɔ ɵ-] n. apothecary : medicine :: butcher : meat (A sell B) librarian ( ) : book appall [әpɔ l] vt. : to overcome with consternation, shock, or dismay appall embolden, nerve, encourage nerve vt. to give strength or courage to apparel [әpǽrәl] vt, ;, 1. to clothe or dress 2. to adorn or embellish gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak gaudy ; showy in a tasteless or vulgar way tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel tonsorial ( ) sartorial, appeal [әpí l] vi. 1. to make an earnest or urgent request, as for help 2. to have recourse, as for corroboration; resort 3. (law) to make or apply for an appeal 4. to be attractive or interesting recourse, corroborate to strengthen or support with other evidence; make more certain resort,, ; ( ) remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal (A = B하는 사람) remonstrate, to say or plead in protest, objection, or reproof appealing [әpí liŋ] a. ;, : PLEASING appealing noisome noisome, ;, appease [әpí z] vt., : CALM 1. to bring peace, quiet, or calm to; soothe 2. to satisfy or relieve 3. to pacify or attempt to pacify (an enemy) by granting concessions, often at the expense of principle roil clarify, appease roil ( ) ;, rile, roil, vex pacify, appease, soothe rile to stir to anger; to stir up (liquid); roil roil 1. to make (a liquid) muddy or cloudy by stirring up sediment 2. to displease or disturb; vex appellation [æ pәléiʃәn] n.,, 1. a name, title, or designation 2. the act of naming foreword : introductory :: appellation : designative 1. an instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink 2. a strong wish or urge appetite : indulge :: voracity lack of appetite voracity, ; applaud v.t. ; : to express approval, especially by clapping the hands applaud disparage applause [әplɔ z] n., mirth : laughter :: approval : applause (B represent A) mirth,,, gladness and gaiety, especially when expressed by laughter applicant [ǽplikәnt] n. remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal appoint [әpɔínt] vt. appoint : official :: cast : actor apposite [ǽpәzit] a., : APT : strikingly appropriate and relevant apposite : relevant :: (EQUAL) apposite extraneous, irrelevant extraneous, ; appreciable [әprí ʃiәbәl] a., : capable of being perceived or measured appreciable imperceptible ponderable inappreciable ponderable considerable enough to be weighed or assessed; appreciable apprehension [æ prihénʃәn] n., ; 1. fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; dread 2. the act of seizing or capturing; arrest 3. the ability to apprehend or understand; understanding apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration (A << B) apprehensive inaccessible (inaccessible에 이해 의 의미는 거의 없 음) ( ) accessible ; ; apprise [әpráiz] v., : to give notice to; inform apprise : information :: admonish : warning apprise withhold information apprentice [әpréntis] n. : novice approbation [æ proubéiʃәn] n., : COMMENDATION, PRAISE 1. an expression of warm approval; praise 2. official approval praise : approbation :: demur : objection :: cajole : blandishment (EQUAL, 동 : 명) demur to voice opposition; object censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible (OPPOSITE) reprehensible, deserving rebuke or censure; blameworthy endorse : approbation :: (A represent B) approbation execration, condemnation execration, appropriate [әpróuprièit] a. : FITTING : suitable for a particular person, condition, occasion, or place; fitting appetite [ǽpitàit] n.,

meet inappropriate, unsuitable apt extremely inappropriate apt, ; measured inappropriate ( ) measured ; ; (calculated, deliberate) approve [әprú v] vt., 1. to consider right or good; think or speak favorably of 2. to consent to officially or formally; confirm or sanction substantiate disapprove substantiate ;, approximate [әprɑḱsәmèit / -rɔḱ-] a. 1. almost exact or correct 2. very similar; closely resembling paraphrase : verbatim :: approximation : precise (OPPOSITE) verbatim, using exactly the same words; corresponding word for word stickler : approximation, imprecision :: purist : adulteration apron [éiprәn] n., : a shield to protect against erosion (as of a waterway) by water lamp : illuminate :: apron : protect (PURPOSE) drop cloth : floor :: apron : clothing (A protect B) drop cloth ( ) apropos [æ prәpóu] a. : PERTINENT apropos irrelevant apt [æpt] a., : READY, LIKELY 1. exactly suitable; appropriate 2. having a natural tendency; inclined 3. quick to learn or understand apt extremely inappropriate, unlikely aptness unsuitability aquatic [әkwǽtik, әkwɑ t- / әkwɔ t-] a. aerial : air :: aquatic : water :: arboreal : tree aqueduct [ǽkwәdʌ kt] n. : a conduit for water; one for carrying a large quantity of flowing water aqueduct : water :: pipeline : gas :: vessel : blood vessel ;, ;, arachnid [әrǽknid] n. (, ) spider : arachnid :: orange : fruit (A B) arbiter n., 1. one chosen or appointed to judge or decide a disputed issue; an arbitrator appropriate [әpróuprièit] v. ( ) / 2. one who has the power to judge or ordain at will 1. to set apart for a specific use initiative : entrepreneur :: impartiality : arbiter 2. to take possession of or make use of exclusively for oneself, often without permission arbor [` :rb :r] n. lurk : wait :: purloin : appropriate :: abscond : depart lurk, arbor : shelter :: hedgerow : fence (A is a kind of B) hedgerow purloin to steal, often in a violation of trust lurk : concealment :: purloin : appropriation arboreal [ɑ rbɔ riәl] a. smuggler : import :: embezzler : appropriate arboreal : trees :: sidereal : stars :: aquatic : water appropriate surrender appropriate demise demise, ; arboretum [ɑ rbәrí tәm] n. arboretum : trees :: aviary : birds aviary arboretum : wilderness ::(B lack A) wilderness,, finch : bird :: arboretum : tree (A B :: A B) ( ) finch ( ) arcane [ɑ rkéin] a. : known or understood by only a few arcane well-known archaic [ɑ rkéiik] a. ;, : ANTIQUATED 1. of, relating to, or characteristic of a much earlier, often more primitive period 2. no longer current or applicable; antiquated 3. of, relating to, or characteristic of words and language that were once common but are now used chiefly to suggest an earlier style or period evanescent : permanence :: archaic : currency :: meteoric : constancy (OPPOSITE) evanescent vanishing or likely to vanish like vapor meteoric ; archaic current archaism [ɑ rkiìzәm, -kei-] n., : an archaic word, phrase, idiom, or other expression archaism modern diction archetype [ɑ rkitàip], PROTOTYPE 1. an original model or type after which other similar things are patterned; a prototype 2. an ideal example of a type; quintessence harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify (EQUAL, 명 : 동) harbinger ;, one that indicates or foreshadows what is to come; a forerunner presage, ;, ;, archipelago [ɑ rkәpélәgòu] n., : a group of islands range (산맥) : mountain :: chain : link :: archipelago : island grove : trees :: galaxy : stars :: archipelago : islands :: bouquet : flowers grove ; aquifer [ǽkwәfәr, ɑ k-] n. ( ) mineshaft, shaft : lode :: well : aquifer (A는 B로 뚫고 들어간다.) oasis : desert :: archipelago : ocean shaft, ; ;, ; [ ] glade : wood :: oasis : desert mineshaft a vertical, sloping passageway made in the earth for glade finding or mining ore and ventilating underground excavations lode ; ( ) / architect [ɑ rkitèkt] n. choreographer : movement :: architect : building (A compose B) sculptor : statue archive [ɑ rkaiv] n. 1. often archives a place or collection containing records,

documents, or other materials of historical interest 2. a repository for stored memories or information archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon arsenal <á:rsәnәl> archive : records :: museum : artifacts book : library :: file : archive archness [ɑ rtʃnis] n. / archness straightness archness subordinate/obedience arch n., a., ; 1. chief; principal 2. mischievous; roguish roguish <róugiʃ>, ;, archness straightness archness subordinate, obedience arctic [ɑ rktik] a., : FRIGID : extremely cold torrid arctic ardent [' :rd: nt] adj., ; 1. expressing or characterized by warmth of feeling; passionate 2. displaying or characterized by strong enthusiasm or devotion; fervent 3. a. burning; fiery b. glowing; shining ardent arctic, dispassionate ardor [ɑ rdәr] n., : INTENSITY 1. fiery intensity of feeling 2. strong enthusiasm or devotion; zeal 3. intense heat or glow, as of fire assuage : sorrow :: dampen : ardor :: alleviate : strength torpor ardor torpor,, arduous [ɑ rdʒuәs / -dju-] a., 1. demanding great effort or labor; difficult 2. testing severely the powers of endurance; strenuous 3. hard to traverse, climb, or surmount arduous facile facile <fæ sil>, ;, argot [ɑ rgout, -gәt] n. argot standard language, common verbalism aria [ :ri ] n., opera : aria :: play : monologue arid [ǽrid] a. 1. lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or woody plants 2. lacking interest or feeling; lifeless and dull marsh : sodden :: desert : arid marsh, sodden (soaked) arid damp armory [ɑ rmәri] n. : a place where arms and military equipment are stored pantry : food :: armory : weapons pantry arousal [әráuzәl] n., stimulation : arousal :: pathogen : diseasing (A make B) pathogen, arouse ;, 1. to awake from or as if from sleep 2. to stir up; excite arrest [әrést] vt. ( ) ; 1. to stop; check 2. to seize and hold under the authority of law 3. to capture and hold briefly (the attention, for example); engage arrest vitalize arresting [әréstiŋ] a. : STRIKING, IMPRESSIVE : attracting and holding the attention blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting blatant ; odious, arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure arresting banal arrhythmic [әríðmik] a. arrhythmic : regularity :: apathetic : concern arrhythmic exhibiting regularity, regular arrogance [ǽrәgәns] n. : a feeling or an impression of superiority manifested in an overbearing manner or presumptuous claims arrogant a. 1. making or disposed to make claims to unwarranted importance or consideration out of overbearing pride 2. marked by or arising from arrogance arrogance the state or quality of being arrogant; overbearing pride mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance (OPPOSITE) prodigal, ;, meek,, ; confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory (명사 : 형용사) interrogatory ; asking a question; of the nature of a question = interrogative intentional : accidental : arrogant : humble (OPPOSITE) arrogance : defer :: lassitude : stir (OPPOSITE) defer, ;, lassitude,, a state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or listlessness frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant (A << B) arroyo [әrɔíou] n. : a deep gully cut by an intermittent stream grotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel (A << B) grotto <grátou> a small cave or cavern arsenal [ɑ rsәnәl] n. archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon artery [' :rt ri] n. ; / : a major route of transportation into which local routes flow artery : plaque :: channel : silt (B = A의 흐름을 방해) articulate [ɑ rtíkjәlit] vt. 1. to pronounce distinctly and carefully; enunciate 2. to utter (a speech sound) by making the necessary movements of the speech organs 3. to express in coherent verbal form; give words to 4. to fit together into a coherent whole; unify ratiocination : thinking :: articulation : talking ratiocinate <ræ ʃiásәnèit> / to reason methodically and logically articulate : clearly :: shout : loudly articulate : speech :: graceful : movement articulate : unclear :: elaborate : sketchy

artifact [ɑ rtәfæ kt], 1. an object produced or shaped by human craft, especially a tool, a weapon, or an ornament of archaeological or historical interest 2. a typical product or result archive : records :: museum : artifacts artifice [ɑ rtәfis] n., 1. an artful or crafty expedient; a stratagem 2. subtle but base deception; trickery 3. cleverness or skill; ingenuity artifice candor ascetic sybarite, voluptuary, hedonist, sumptuous, indulgent sybarite voluptuary <vәlʌ ptʃuèri>, hedonism pursuit of or devotion to pleasure, especially to the pleasures of the senses sumptuous, ;, asceticism indulgence aseptic [әséptik, ei-] a. aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs anesthetic n. a. ;, aseptic contaminated artisan [ɑ rtәzәn / ɑ rtizǽn, - -] n. : a skilled manual worker; a craftsperson artisan : potter :: entertainer : comedian (A B) artless [ɑ rtlis] a., 1. having or displaying no guile, cunning, or deceit 2. free of artificiality; natural 3. lacking art, knowledge, or skill; uncultured and ignorant 4. poorly made or done; crude blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless (OPPOSITE) blemish ( ), impeccable ; guile, artlessness : guile :: dabbler : dedication artless cunning, sly, disingenuous, affected, guileful, sophisticated sly, ; disingenuous,, not straightforward or candid; crafty ingenuous, ;, = artless guile treacherous cunning; skillful deceit artlessness duplicity, guile duplicity, artlessness urbanity, sophistication, affectation, sophism urbanity ; refinement and elegance of manner; polished courtesy affectation, ;, sophism 1. a plausible but fallacious argument 2. deceptive or fallacious argumentation ascend [ s'end] v., ; ( ) v.i. 1. to go or move upward; rise 2. to slope upward v.t. 1. to move upward upon or along; climb 2. to succeed to; occupy ascend decline, go down ascendant [әséndәnt] n. : DOMINATION : a state or position of dominant power or importance ascendant having no influence, having no power, declining ascendant nonentity nonentity / ; ascetic [әsétik] a. n., 1. leading a life f self-discipline and self-denial, especially for spiritual improvement 2. pertaining to or characteristic of an ascetic; self-denying ascetic : self-denial :: glutton : overindulgence :: busybody : intrusiveness glutton, ; busybody intrusive ; ascetic : self-denial :: bodybuilding : self-development ascetic : luxury :: teetotaler : alcohol teetotaler one who abstains completely from alcoholic beverages aside [әsáid] n. ; ;, 1. a piece of dialogue intended for the audience and supposedly not heard by the other actors on stage 2. a remark made in an undertone so as to be inaudible to others nearby 3. a parenthetical departure; a digression aside : digression :: overture : introduction (CHARACTER) aside : digression :: summary : excerpt excerpt ; ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent askew [әskjú ] a. : AWRY : to one side awry <әrái>, ; ( ), aligned askew aspect [ǽspekt] n., : EXPOSURE : a position facing a particular direction transfigure : aspect :: transfer : location (A = B를 바꿈) transfigure, ; transfix : attention transfix, (pierce); ( ) asperity [æspérәti] n., : HARSHNESS 1. a. roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate b. severity; rigor 2. roughness of manner or of temper; ill temper or irritability asperity : optimistic :: (OPPOSITE) ( ) asperity mildness of temper, amicability, amiability, mildness, soothingness aspersion [әspә rʒәn, -ʃәn] n., ; ( ) 1. a. an unfavorable or damaging remark; slander b. the act of defaming or slandering 2. a sprinkling, especially with holy water aspersion : discredit :: canard : deceive canard, aspersion glowing tribute, flattery aspiration [æ spәréiʃәn] n.,, ;, ; 1. expulsion of breath in speech 2. (linguistics) a. the pronunciation of a consonant with an aspirate b. a speech sound produced with an aspirate 3. the act of breathing in; inhalation 4. (medicine) the process of removing fluids or gases from the body with a suction device 5. a. a strong desire for high achievement b. an object of such desire; an ambition aspire v. ; 1. to have a great ambition or ultimate goal; desire strongly 2. to strive toward an end 3. to soar, ; ( )

audacious : trepidation :: laconic : aspiration (OPPOSITE ::??) ( ) audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility (OPPOSITE) audacious, ; ;, trepidation,, ;, laconic ; using or marked by the use of few words; terse or concise aspirant : quarry :: hunter : prey (A = B하는 사람) quarry ;, assail [ s'eil] v. / ; ( ) ; ( ) 1. to attack with or as if with violent blows; assault 2. to attack verbally, as with ridicule or censure 3. to trouble; beset assail champion, endorse, extol, vindicate endorse /,, ; vindicate ;, assay n. ( ), 1. a. qualitative or quantitative analysis of a substance, especially of an ore or drug, to determine its components b. a substance to be so analyzed c. the result of such an analysis 2. an analysis or examination assay : objective :: (CHARACTER) assert [әsә rt] vt., : to state or express positively calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony (OPPOSITE) calumny, perjury ;, assert : belabor :: tend : fuss (A << B) belabor ; ; fuss, assertive [әsә rtiv] a., : disposed to or characterized by bold or confident assertion; aggressively self-assured obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive (A >> B) obsequious, full of or exhibiting servile compliance belligerent, assertive inclined to bold or confident assertion; aggressively selfassured bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful (A >> B) bumptious, (arrogant); crudely or loudly assertive; pushy garish unassertive brassy brassy, ;, ;, ; assess [әsés] v. 1. to estimate the value of (property) for taxation 2. to set or determine the amount of (a payment, such as a tax or fine) 3. to charge (a person or property) with a special payment, such as a tax or fine 4. to determine the value, significance, or extent of; appraise assess : value :: plumb : depth asset [ǽset] n. asset liability liability, (debts) assiduous [әsídʒuәs] a. ;, 1. constant in application or attention; diligent 2. unceasing; persistent rakish : restraint :: slothful : assiduity (OPPOSITE) rakish, slothful, disinclined to work or exertion; lazy assiduous indolent, desultory, slipshod, remiss indolent, desultory, slipshod, remiss,, assistance [ s'ist: ns] 1. the act of assisting 2. aid; help assistance interference n.,, assuage [әswéidʒ] vt. ( ), : APPEASE, EASE 1. to make (something burdensome or painful) less intense or severe 2. to satisfy or appease (hunger or thirst, for example) 3. to pacify or calm assuage : sorrow :: dampen : ardor assuage intensify, inflame, exacerbate, vex, incite, aggravate, chafe chafe, ;, gall calm, assuage gall ; ;, ;, assume [әsjú m] vt. 1. to take upon oneself 2. to undertake the duties of (an office) ( ) 3. to affect the appearance or possession of; feign... 4. to take for granted; suppose assume refuse, reject, abdicate unassuming overbearing overbearing,, usurp assume rightfully usurp, ; astounding [әstáundiŋ] a. astound to astonish and bewilder indelible : forget :: astounding : expect (A = B할 수 없는) indelible, ; astound : wonder :: appall : horror (A = B하다) appall, to fill with consternation or dismay astringent [әstríndʒәnt] ; : sharp and penetrating; pungent or severe astringent :: pucker :: coagulant : congeal pucker, to gather into small wrinkles or folds coagulant congeal 1. to solidify by or as if by freezing 2. to coagulate; jell astringent : contraction :: anesthetic : insensibility astringent :: pucker :: spark : ignite astrology [ str' l d3i] n. astrology : astronomy :: alchemy : chemistry astute [әstjú t] a., : having or showing shrewdness and discernment, especially with respect to one's own concerns astute fatuous fatuous, ; asunder [әsʌńdәr] a., 1. into separate parts or pieces 2. apart from each other either in position or in direction asunder yoking, in a piece, uniting yoke ;, (cramp);,

asymmetrical [èisimétrikәl, æ s-] a. circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid (A lack B) protean <próutiәn> readily taking on varied shapes, forms, or meanings asylum [әsáilәm] n. ;, : SANCTUARY refugee : asylum :: (사람 : 장소) atone [әtóun] v. ( ), : EXPIATE : to make amends, as for a sin or fault guilt : expiation, atonement :: fatigue : repose expiate to make amends or reparation for; atone repose, ;, ;, atrocious [әtróuʃәs] a. : BARBARIC 1. extremely evil or cruel; monstrous 2. exceptionally bad; abominable atrocious : bad :: momentous : important (A >> B) momentous of utmost importance; of outstanding significance or consequence atrophy n., ;, 1. (pathology) a wasting or decrease in size of a bodily organ, tissue, or part owing to disease, injury, or lack of use 2. a wasting away, deterioration, or diminution attentive [әténtiv] a. ; 1. giving care or attention; watchful 2. marked by or offering devoted and assiduous attention to the pleasure or comfort of others 3. expressing affectionate interest through close observation and gallant gestures attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish (A << B) officious, attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous (A << B) meddle, ; fawning : attentive :: garish : colorful (A >> B) attenuate [әténjuèit] v. : WEAKEN 1. to make slender, fine, or small 2. to reduce in force, value, amount, or degree; weaken 3. to lessen the density of; rarefy attenuate : force :: decelerate : speed :: alleviate : power attenuate : thickness :: enervate : vitality :: cool : temperature :: weaken : potence enervate to weaken or destroy the strength or vitality of potence, potency, ;, ;, attenuate : thickness :: debilitate : strength :: collapse : volume debilitate = enervate debase : value :: attenuate : force :: retrenchment : money debase (, ), to lower in character, quality, or value; degrade retrench, ; to cut down, reduce; to remove, delete, or omit attenuate : thickness :: attenuate : force :: simplify : complexity attenuate intensify, strengthen, force( ) attorney [әtә rni] n., : a legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in legal proceedings attorney : disbar :: student : expel attorney : defendant :: (EQUAL) attrition n., ;, ; 1. a rubbing away or wearing down by friction 2. a gradual diminution in number or strength because of constant stress 3. a gradual, natural reduction in membership or personnel, as through retirement, resignation, or death 4. (theology) repentance for sin motivated by fear of punishment rather than by love of God unrepentant attritional attribute [ǽtribjù t] /[әtríbju t] n. /, v. ~ : impute, ascribe, accuse : a legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in legal auction [ɔ kʃәn] n. audacious [ɔ déiʃәs] a.,, : ADVENTUROUS 1. fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold 2. unrestrained by convention or propriety; insolent 3. spirited and original, audacious : trepidation :: laconic : aspiration ( ) trepidation, ;, ;, audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility (OPPOSITE, 형 : 명) audacious : cautious :: (OPPOSITE) audacious : caution :: inedible : food (LACK ::??) ( ) circumspect audacious, reckless, direct encounter audacious timid meticulous, audible [ɔ dәbl] a. audible : stentorian :: discernable : obvious, manifest (A << B) stentorian extremely loud audition n., ;, interview : applicant :: audition : actor augment [ɔ gmént] v. : to make (something already developed or well under way) greater, as in size, extent, or quantity augment retrench, abate retrench, to cut down, reduce; to remove, delete, or omit abate, augmentation abatement, diminution diminution a. the act or process of diminishing; a lessening or reduction b. the resulting reduction; decrease augur [ɔ gәr] n, v., : one held to foretell events by omens intercessor : mediate :: augur : predict :: translator : interpret intercessor, intercession, ;, augur : predict :: pundit : opine pundit a source of opinion; a learned person opine, to hold or state as an opinion worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury (A를 위해 B를 사용한다) maven : experience :: luminary : eminence :: pundit : opine (A = B를 가 지고 있는 것) maven a person who has special knowledge or experience; an expert luminary ; maven : experience :: augur : prediction auspicious [ɔ spíʃәs] a. : PROPITIOUS 1. attended by favorable circumstances; propitious 2. marked by success; prosperous auspicious boding ill, untoward, ominous, unfavorable, ill-omened boding / an omen or foreboding, especially of evil foreboding a sense of impending evil; an evil omen omen,, ominous ;,

inauspicious favorable austere [ɔ stíәr] a., 1. severe or stern in disposition or appearance; somber and grave 2. strict or severe in discipline; ascetic 3. having no adornment or ornamentation; bare abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate (OPPOSITE) embellish : austere :: adulterate : pure (OPPOSITE) laconic : speech :: austere : design timeworn : novelty :: convoluted : simplicity imperial : significant :: spartan : austere baroque, lavish austere baroque ; ; authentic [o:θ'entik] a., ; : REAL, ACTUAL 1. conforming to fact and therefore worthy of trust, reliance, or belief 2. having a claimed and verifiable origin or authorship; not counterfeit or copied authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical (OPPOSITE) hypocrisy, discompose : pacific :: fabricate : authentic (OPPOSITE) discompose, fabricate, ;, genuine : authenticity :: entire : integrity melodrama : subtlety :: chimera : authenticity (LACK) subtle so slight as to be difficult to detect or analyze; elusive chimera ( ) ; authentic bogus bogus, authenticity spuriousness spurious lacking authenticity or validity in essence or origin; not genuine; false semblance authentic article semblance, ;, ; authenticity [ɔ ɵentísәti] n. / : real, actual : the quality or condition of being authentic, trustworthy, or genuine authentic bogus spuriousness authenticity semblance authentic article authority [әɵɔ riti, әɵɑŕ- / әɵɔŕ-] n. ( ) authoritative : acceptance :: conspicuous : attention authoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisans (B have A) authority : superiority :: heretic : unconformity (A have B) heretic <héritik>, contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty contumacious,, obstinately disobedient or rebellious; insubordinate hidebound, stubbornly prejudiced, narrowminded, or inflexible novelty, ; (innovation) author : novel :: chef : banquet banquet, recalcitrant, refractory : authority :: reactionary : change recalcitrant ( ), (unmanageable) = refractory impostor : identity :: usurper : authorization (A = 거짓 B를 가진 사 람) usurp ( ) ; ; autocracy [ɔ tɑḱrәsi / -tɔḱ-] n., : government by a single person having unlimited power pundit : learning, knowledge :: autocracy : power autonomy [ɔ tɑńәmi / ɔ tɔń-] n. : the condition or quality of being autonomous; independence autonomy dependence, external control/rule avarice [ǽvәris] n. : GREEDINESS, CUPIDITY : excessive or insatiable desire for wealth or gain avarice : money :: gluttony : food stoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfy (A = B를 모르는) stoic one who is seemingly indifferent to or unaffected by joy, grief, pleasure, or pain avarice generosity avaricious contented aver [әvә r] v., : to affirm positively; declare aver deny, gainsay gainsay ; aversion [әvә rʒәn / -ʃәn] n. 1. a fixed, intense dislike; repugnance 2. one that is intensely disliked and avoided 3. a feeling of extreme repugnance accompanied by avoidance or rejection aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration (A >> B) adulation excessive flattery or admiration aversion : inclination :: (OPPOSITE) aversion court ( ) court, ; ( ), ;,, aversion affinity, penchant, propensity, proclivity, craving, inclination penchant, ;, a definite liking; a strong inclination propensity,, an innate inclination; a tendency proclivity,, a natural propensity or inclination; predisposition craving, a consuming desire; a yearning averse inclined averse having a feeling of opposition, distaste, or aversion; strongly disinclined aviary [éivièri] n. arboretum : trees :: aviary : birds avid [ǽvid] a., 1. having an ardent desire or unbounded craving; greedy 2. marked by keen interest and enthusiasm reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm (EQUAL) reverence avid diffident, indifferent diffident 1. lacking or marked by a lack of self-confidence; shy and timid 2. reserved in manner avulsion [әvʌĺʃәn] n. : a tearing away of a body part accidentally or surgically 1. (medicine) the forcible tearing away of a body part by trauma or surgery 2. the sudden movement of soil from one property to another as a result of a flood or a shift in the course of a boundary stream avulsion suture, link suture <sú:tʃәr> ( ) ;, awash [әwɔ ʃ, әwɑ ʃ / әwɔ ʃ] a. : FLOODED : filled, covered, or completely overrun as if by a flood awash dry

awe [ɔ ] n. : a mixed emotion of reverence, respect, dread, and wonder inspired by authority, genius, great beauty, sublimity, or might sublime, ;, ; redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard (A = B를 가져오는) redoubtable ; arousing fear or awe awe irreverence irreverence, awkward [ɔ kwәrd] a., craven : admirable :: deft : awkward (OPPOSITE) craven, characterized by abject fear; cowardly dexterous, lithe awkward lithe <laið>, svelte paunchy and awkward svelte, ;, slender or graceful in figure or outline; slim paunchy <pɔ :n-> having a potbelly deft awkward deft quick and skillful; adroit awl [ɔ l] n. awl : pierce :: pestle : hash pestle, awning [ɔ niŋ] n. awning : sun :: umbrella : rain (PROTECT) awry [әrái] a., : ASKEW 1. in a position that is turned or twisted toward one side; askew 2. away from the correct course awry aligned, orderly, planned axiomatic [æ ksiәmǽtik] a. : SELF-EVIDENT : taken for granted axiomatic controversial babble [bǽbәl] vt. : to utter meaningless or unintelligible sounds babble : sense :: parrot : originality (LACK) parrot ; to repeat or imitate especially without understanding babble : talk :: scribble : write babble, waffle express succinctly waffle,, backdrop [bǽkdrɑ p / bǽkdrɔ p] n. : a painted cloth hung across the rear of a stage placebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista vista, ; B backhanded [bǽkhǽndid] a., : DEVIOUS : not straightforward backhanded forthright backset [bǽksèt] n., : SETBACK 1. a setback or reversal 2. an eddy or countercurrent in water eddy ; backset hike hike ; an often abrupt increase or rise bacteria [bækt'i ri ] n. bacteria : decomposition :: yeast : fermentation bacterium : colony :: citizen : nation (B is a set of A) host : parasite :: medium : bacterium badge [bædʒ] n. ;, : a device or token especially of membership in a society or group chevron : badge :: caisson : cart (A B) chevron ( ) caisson <kéisan> ( ) ; ; ; cart 2 ; badger [bǽdʒәr] vt. : to harass or annoy persistently badger : bother :: belabor : mention belabor, ;, badger mollify badinage [bæ dinɑ ʒ, bǽdinidʒ] n. : BANTER : light, playful banter playful : banter :: exaggerated : hyperbole (CHARACTER) hyperbole ( ) a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect badinage clear reference, serious discourse, sincere conversation baffle [bǽfәl] v. ;, 1. to frustrate or check (a person) as by confusing or perplexing 2. to impede the force or movement of bait v[beit] t., : ENTICE, LURE 1. to place a lure in (a trap) or on (a fishing hook) 2. to entice, especially by trickery or strategy 4. to attack or torment, especially with persistent insults, criticism, or ridicule 5. to tease bait disarm, mollify disarm ;,, balance [bǽlәns] n, v., : to determine the weight of (something) in or as if in a weighing device abacus : calculate :: balance : weigh balance : weight :: verify : accuracy (A = B를 결정하다) bale [beil] n. ;, 1. evil 2. mental suffering; anguish bale benefit, mirth mirth,, gladness and gaiety, especially when expressed by laughter baleful [béilfәl] a. : deadly or pernicious in influence pernicious a. tending to cause death or serious injury; deadly b. causing great harm; destructive baleful : menace :: solicitous : concern (EQUAL) baleful beneficent balk [bɔ k] v., : BLOCK, DEMUR 1. to stop short and refuse to go on 2. to refuse obstinately or abruptly

balk move ahead willingly balky [bɔ ki] a. ( ) 1. given to stopping and refusing to go on 2. difficult to operate or start balky acquiescent, eager, tractable acquiesce ; ( ) to consent or comply passively or without protest ballad [bǽlәd] n. ballad : stanza :: novel : chapter (A B) stanza ( ) ballad : song :: lyric : poem :: comedian : actor(a B) ballast [bǽlәst] n. : something that gives stability (as in character or conduct) truss, girder : support :: ballast : stability truss girder ; ballast : instability :: purchase : slippage (A prevent B) purchase n., ;, ;, ( ) ballast : stability :: camouflage : indetection (PURPOSE) ballast : stabilize :: camouflage : disguise ballet [bǽlei, bæléi] n., instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet (A play B) balloon [b l'u:n.] v. ;, 1. to ascend or ride in a balloon 2. to expand or swell out like a balloon 3. to increase or rise quickly balloon decrease slowly ballot [bǽlәt] n. ; ; : a list of candidates running for office ballot : candidates :: balm [bɑ m] n., ;, ; antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation (A prevent B) balm harmful substance, irritant, noxious substance, piquancy noxious, ; piquant, ; balmy [bɑ mi] a. 1. having the quality or fragrance of balm; soothing 2. mild and pleasant balmy inclement, piquant inclement, ; piquant ( ), ;, bamboozle [bæmbú zәl] v. : DUPE, HOODWINK : (informal) to take in by elaborate methods of deceit; hoodwink hoodwink (blindfold); to take in by deceptive means; deceive ban [bæn] n. : to prohibit, especially by official decree banal [bәnǽl, bәbɑ l, béinl] a., : TRITE : lacking originality, freshness, or novelty equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal (CHARACTER, 명사 : 형 용사) banal arresting, novel banality freshness, ingeniousness, original, original expression trite unbanal trite,, lacking power to evoke interest through overuse or repetition bane [bein] n. / ; 1. fatal injury or ruin 2. a cause of death, destruction, or ruin 3. a deadly poison bane benefit, blessing baneful [béinfәl] a. : SERIOUSLY HARMFUL : causing death, destruction, or ruin; harmful baneful beneficent, benevolent, salubrious, salutary salubrious conducive or favorable to health or wellbeing salutary ; banish [bǽniʃ] vt. 1. to force to leave a country or place by official decree; exile 2. to drive away; expel evict : residence :: banish : country evict ( ), banister [bǽnәstәr] n. staircase : banister :: garden : fence bankruptcy [b'æŋkr p:tsi] n., ; ( ) bankruptcy solvency solvency banquet [bǽŋkwit] n. 1. en elaborate, sumptuous repast 2. a ceremonial dinner honoring a particular guest or occasion sumptuous, ;, of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish repast (1 ) ; (meal) a meal or the food eaten or provided at a meal writer, author : novel :: chef : banquet banter [bǽntәr], : good-humored, playful conversation playful : banter :: exaggerated : hyperbole barb [bɑ rb] n., a biting or pointedly critical remark or comment barb : caustic :: pan : harsh (CHARACTER, 명 : 형) pan ; on the pan barbaric [b :rb'ærik] adj., ;, 1. of, relating to, or characteristic of barbarians 2. marked by crudeness or lack of restraint in taste, style, or manner barbaric sophisticated barbarous [bɑ r bәrәs] a.,, lacking culture or refinement 1. primitive in culture and customs; uncivilized 2. lacking refinement or culture; coarse 3. characterized by savagery; very cruel 4. marked by the use or occurrence of barbarisms in spoken or written language barbarous civilized, sophisticated, quiescent( ) barbarize civilize barefaced [bɛ әrfèist] a., ;, : OPEN, UNCONCEALED 1. a. having no covering over the face b. having no beard 2. without disguise; unconcealed 3. undisguisedly bold; brazen headlong : forethought :: barefaced : shame (A lack B) headlong, ;,

barefaced, aboveboard surreptitious surreptitious, ; bargain [bɑ rgәn] v. : HAGGLE haggle ( ) ; 1. to bargain, as over the price of something 2. to argue in an attempt to come to terms debate : issue :: bargain : price bathos [be iθas] n. ;, 1. a. an abrupt, unintended transition in style from the exalted to the commonplace, producing a ludicrous effect b. an anticlimax 2. a. insincere or grossly sentimental pathos b. banality; triteness baroque [bәróuk] a. ;, bauble : characterized by grotesqueness, extravagance, complexity, or flamboyance in ornamentation baroque austere barrage [b r' :d3] n., ; 1. a. a heavy curtain of artillery fire directed in front of friendly troops to screen and protect them b. a rapid, concentrated discharge of missiles, as from small arm 2. an overwhelming, concentrated outpouring, as of words barrage : explosives :: deluge : rain barren [bǽrәn] a., barren prolific prolific, ; barricade [b'ær k`eid] n., ; 1. a structure set up across a route of access to obstruct the passage of an enemy 2. something that serves as an obstacle; a barrier barricade permit passage barter [bɑ rtәr] v, n. ( ) correspond : letters :: barter : commodities jog : exercise :: barter : trade (A B), base [beis] a., base virtuous, noble, patrician, sublime virtuous, having or showing virtue, especially moral excellence patrician ; sublime <sәbláim>, ;, tawdry [bɔ bәl] n., : trivial, trifle, trinket, bawdy [b'o:di] adj., : C a bawdy story or joke contains humorous references to sex bawdy decorous decorous,, characterized by or exhibiting decorum; proper beacon [bí kәn] n., siren : sound :: beacon : light siren : heard :: beacon : seen castle : turret :: sea : beacon beatific [bì әtífik] adj. beatific dreadful beatitude [bi ǽtәtjù d] n. : supreme blessedness or happiness beatitude misery <mízәri> bedeck [bidék] vt. : DECK : to adorn or ornament in a showy fashion bedeck strip bedlam [bédlәm] n. : a place or situation of noisy uproar and confusion tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive (B = A한 장소) tumultuous <tjumʌ ltʃuәs>,, ;, hive ; a place swarming with activity tumult, bedlam, riot serenity serene,, baseboard [béisbɔ rd] n. : a molding that conceals the joint between an interior wall and a floor veneer : furniture :: baseboard : wall veneer, ;, bask [bæsk, bɑ sk] v. / : INDULGE 1. to expose oneself to pleasant warmth 2. to take great pleasure or satisfaction bask abstain batch n. / ; ; (, ) 1 ; 1. an amount produced at one baking 2. the quantity produced as the result of one operation 3. the quantity needed for one operation 4. a group of persons or things batch : cookie :: compound : element (같은 종류의 집합 :: 다른 종 류의 집합) ( ) bathetic [bәɵétik] a., : TRITENESS offbeat bathetic, hackneyed, trite, commonplace offbeat ( ) ; not conforming to an ordinary type or pattern; unconventional befuddle [bifʌ dl] vt. ; ( ) 1. to confuse; perplex 2. to stupefy with or as if with alcoholic drink befuddlement : understanding :: begin 1. to take the first step in performing an action; start 2. to come into being 3. to do or accomplish in the least degree begin conclude begrudge [bigrʌ dʒ] v. begrudge grant belabor [biléibәr] vt. 1. to attack with blows; hit, beat, or whip 2. to assail verbally 3. to discuss repeatedly or at length; harp on badger : bother :: belabor : mention (A >> B) assert : belabor :: tend : fuss (A << B) beleaguer [bilí gәr] vt. : TROUBLE, HARASS 1. to harass; beset 2. to surround with troops; besiege

beleaguer : vexation :: (EQUAL, 동 : 명) beleaguer delight, mollify, soothe belie [bilái] v. 1. to picture falsely; misrepresent 2. to show to be false 3. to be counter to; contradict belie affirm, aver, confirm, represent faithfully, show to be true/correct, speak/state faithfully aver to affirm positively; declare belittle [bilítl] vt. : DISPARAGE 1. to represent or speak of as contemptibly small or unimportant; disparage 2. to cause to seem less than another or little belletristic [bèllitrístik] n. bellicose [bélikòus] a. : warlike in manner or temperament; pugnacious imperious : servile :: bellicose : peaceable imperious, ; bellicose peaceful, appeasing, inclined to make peace, conciliatory belligerent [bәlídʒәrәnt] a., 1. inclined or eager to fight; hostile or aggressive 2. of, pertaining to, or engaged in warfare obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive ( ) belligerent peaceful, disposed of peace, conciliatory conciliatory, bellwether [bélwèðәr] n., : LEADER : one that takes the lead or initiative also; an indicator of trends bellwether : leadership :: adviser : consultation bemoan [bimóun] vt. 1. to mourn over; lament 2. to express pity or grief for bend vi. bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant (OPPOSITE) bend : rigid :: dissolve : insoluble (OPPOSITE) dissolve, ;, bend [bend] v. : to bring (something) into a state of tension benediction [bènәdíkʃәn] n. 1. a blessing 2. an invocation of divine blessing, usually at the end of a church service benediction curse beneficent [bәnéfәsәnt] a., : doing or producing good; performing acts of kindness and charity 1. characterized by or performing acts of kindness or charity 2. producing benefit; beneficial beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield tenacious ;, philanthropist : beneficence :: comedian : humor noxious, toxic beneficial noxious, toxic (poisonous); benevolent 1. characterized by or suggestive of doing good 2. of, concerned with, or organized for the benefit of charity benign [bináin] a. 1. of a kind and gentle disposition 2. showing gentleness and mildness 3. tending to exert a beneficial influence; favorable benignant [binígnәnt] a., ; 1. favorable; beneficial 2. kind and gracious benignant noxious, toxic, vicious vicious, ;, ; ;, benison [bénәzәn, -sәn] n. : a blessing; a benediction benison curse bent [bent] a. n., a. 1. altered from an originally straight or even condition 2. determined to take a course of action n. 1. a tendency, disposition, or inclination 2. a transverse structural member or framework used for strengthen a bridge or trestle bent ineptitude inept ; incompetent,, nonchalance, casual lack of concern bequeath v. ;, 1. (law) to leave or give (property) by will 2. to pass (something) on to another; hand down bequest [bikwést] n. : LEGACY 1. the act of giving, leaving by will, or passing on to another 2. something that is bequeathed; a legacy heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator heirloom berate [biréit] v. : to scold or condemn vehemently and at length berate commend, laud, praise commend, beseech [bisí tʃ] v. : IMPLORE 1. to address an earnest or urgent request to; implore 2. to request earnestly; beg for supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious coquette (flirt) flirtatious <flә:rte iʃәs> ; ;, beset v., ; ; ( ) 1. to attack from all sides 2. to trouble persistently; harass 3. to hem in; surround 4. to stud, as with jewels besmirch [bismә rtʃ] v., : SULLY, SOIL 1. to stain; sully 2. to make dirty; soil sully,, besmirch honor bestial [béstʃәl, bí s- / béstiәl] v. : beastly : marked by brutality or depravity bestial <> noble betray [bitréi] vt., 1. a. to give aid or information to an enemy of; commit treason against b. to deliver into the hands of an enemy in violation of a trust

or allegiance 2. to be false or disloyal to bibliography n., ; ( ) 1. a list of the works of a specific author or publisher 2. a. a list of writings relating to a given subject b. a list of writings used or considered by an author in preparing a particular work 3. a. the description and identification of the editions, dates of issue, authorship, and typography of books or other written material b. a compilation of such information list : bibliography :: painting : portrait (A B) bibliophile [bíbliәfàil], [-fil] n., bibliophile : books :: gourmet : food gourmet, 4. a. to scald (almonds, for example) in order to loosen the skin b. to scald (food) briefly, as before freezing or as a preliminary stage in preparing a dish 5. to cause to turn white or become pale scald ; ; mottle blanch bland [blænd] a., ;, : DULL, INSIPID 1. characterized by a moderate, unperturbed, or tranquil quality, especially: a. pleasant in manner; smooth b. not irritating or stimulating; soothing c. exhibiting no personal worry, embarrassment, or concern 2. dull and insipid pungency blandness tangy bland tangy <tæ ŋi>, [ ] bifurcate [b'aif :rk`eit] : to divide into two parts or branches bifurcate coalesce bifurcate validate ( ) v., bigot [bígәt] n. one who is strongly partial to one's own group, religion, race, or politics and is intolerant of those who differ bigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancy :: liar : honesty (LACK) tolerance, turncoat, constancy ;,, bigotry : dedication :: rage : anger (A >> B) bigoted : advice :: conservative : change (A = B에 영향을 받지 않는) posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant posture, ;, ; bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan bilk [bilk] n. 1. to defraud, cheat, or swindle 2. to evade payment of bilk pay in full : the concealment or extinguishment of lights that might be visible to enemy aircraft during an air raid. blame, ; ( ) v. 1. to hold responsible 2. to find fault with; censure 3. to place responsibility for (something) n. 1. the state of being responsible for a fault or an error; culpability 2. censure; condemnation narcissism : love :: guilt : blame (A >> B) blandishment [blǽndiʃmәnt] n. : ALLUREMENT : something that tends to coax or cajole blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede (명사 : 동사) blandishment : coax :: medal : honor (A represent B) blandishment : coax :: prevarication : deceive :: threat : intimidate prevaricate, to stray from or evade the truth; equivocate blandishment threat blase [blɑ zéi, - -] a., ; 1. uninterested because of frequent exposure or indulgence 2. unconcerned; nonchalant 3. very sophisticated miser : munificent :: zealot : blase (OPPOSITE) munificent, very liberal in giving, generous; showing great generosity blaspheme [blæfí m, - -] vi. ; : REVILE, ABUSE 1. to speak of (God or a sacred entity) in an irreverent, impious manner 2. to revile; execrate impious, (profane); blasphemy kindness biography [bai' gr fi] n. biography : nonfiction :: sonnet : poem (A B) blast [blæst, blɑ st] n, vt. bit [bit] n. blast : whiff :: gush : trickle (A >> B) bit : drill :: blade : razor whiff, gust, ;,, blackout [blǽkàut] n.,,, / : SUPPRESSION gush, trickle ; blatant [bléitәnt] a., : BRAZEN 1. unpleasantly loud and noisy 2. totally or offensively conspicuous or obtrusive ambiguous : understand :: blatant : ignore (A = B하기 힘든) blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting (EQUAL) odious, arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure blatant inconspicuous, unimpressive, unobtrusive, subtle blazon [bléizәn] v. ;, ;, : PROCLAIM blanch [blæntʃ v., ; (, ) 1. (heraldry) ; a. to describe (a coat of arms) in proper terms 1. to take the color from; bleach 2. to whiten (a growing plant or plant part) by covering to cut off direct light 3. to whiten (a metal) by soaking in acid or by coating with tin b. to paint or depict (a coat of arms) with accurate detail 2. to adorn or embellish with or as if wit a coat of arms 3. to proclaim widely alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface (OPPOSITE) alliterate,

blazon : adorn :: pillar : support (EQUAL) blazon efface diffidence blazonment bleach [bli tʃ] vt. 1. to remove the color from, as by means of chemical agents or sunlight 2. to make white or colorless bleeding [blí diŋ] n. lint : bleeding :: lint ; tourniquet : bleeding :: brake : motion moratorium : activity tourniquet, antibiotic : infection :: coagulant : bleeding (A prevent B) hemorrhage : bleeding :: vertigo : dizziness (EQUAL) hemorrhage <he mәridʒ> blemish [blémiʃ] n., : an imperfection that mars or impairs; a flaw or defect blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless impeccable, anomaly : paradigmatic :: blemish : flawless unequivocal : ambiguous :: spotless : blemish (OPPOSITE) pristine : blemish :: pristine ;, blender [bléndәr] n., blight [blait] n. v., ; 1. to cause (a plant, for example) to undergo blight 2. to have a deleterious effect on; ruin blight flourish blighted hale, sound, robust, unblemished hale, free from infirmity of illness; sound blimp [blimp] n. : a pompous, reactionary, ultra-nationalistic person blimp man of progressive ideas blinking [bliŋkin] adj. (?) bliss [blis] n., 1. extreme happiness; ecstasy 2. the ecstasy of salvation; spiritual joy dislike : loathing :: pleasure : bliss (A << B) loathing great dislike; abhorrence blithe [blaið] a., 1. carefree and lighthearted 2. lacking or showing a lack of due concern; casual blithe sound, grave, inelastic inelastic,, blockade n., : the isolation of a nation, an area, a city, or a harbor by hostile ships or forces in order to prevent the entrance and exit of traffic and commerce filibuster : legislation :: blockade : commerce blueprint m. ; / : a detailed plan of action wood : carpenter :: blueprint : architect blunder [blʌńdәr] n. : a gross error or mistake resulting usually from stupidity, ignorance, or carelessness protocol : blunder :: bumper : damage protocol ;, blunt [blʌnt] a. v., a. 1. having a dull edge or end; not sharp 2. abrupt and often disconcertingly frank in speech 3. slow to understand or perceive; dull 4. lacking in feeling; insensitive slacken : tension :: blunt : sharpness attenuate : strength :: blunt : sharpness blunt whet whet, (sharpen); ( ), blur [blә r] v., 1. to make indistinct and hazy in outline or appearance; obscure 2. to smear or stain; smudge 3. to lessen the perception of; dim blur : definition :: subjugate : independence (OPPOSITE) subjugate,, blurb [blә rb] n. : a short publicity notice (as on a book jacket) blurb : notice :: gloss : explanation :: cameo : appearance gloss, ;, ;,, blurt [blә rt] v. : to utter abruptly and impulsively blurt : utter :: flit : move flit, to move quickly from one condition or location to another conceal blurt blush [blʌʃ] n. vi., 1. to become red in the face, especially from modesty, embarrassment, or shame; flush 2. to become red or rosy 3. to feel embarrassed or ashamed blush : embarrassment :: nod : agreement :: bow : respect :: shrug : indifference :: smile : pleasure blush : embarrass :: nod : approve :: yawn : sleepiness bluster [blʌśtәr] vt., ; 1. to blow in loud, violent gusts, as the wind during a storm 2. a. to speak in a loudly arrogant or bullying manner b. to brag or make loud, empty threats blustering : speak :: swaggering : walk bluster : loud :: pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive pontificate ; scoff, to mock at or treat with derision derisive, drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless (CHARACTER) drawl to speak with lengthen or drawn-out vowels prate, to talk idly and at length; chatter boast [boust] v. : to glorify oneself in speech; talk in a self-admiring way boast : pride :: complain : discontent (A show B) blowhard : boastful :: toady : obsequious blowhard toady, boding [bóudiŋ] n. : FOREBODING : an omen or foreboding, especially of evil portent, omen auspicious boding ill auspicious,

bodyguard [bɑǵ-әl / bɔǵәl], ; (retinue) bodyguard : person :: soldier : country boggle [bɑǵ-әl / bɔǵәl] vi., 1. to hesitate as if in fear or doubt 2. to shy away or be overcome with fright or astonishment 3. to botch; bungle botch <batʃ> / ; ( ) boggle embolden, march bogus [bóugәs] a., : factitious, fictitious, specious, apocryphal bogus authentic boisterous [bɔístәrәs] a. : ROWDY, VOCIFEROUS 1. rough and stormy; violent 2. loud, noisy, and lacking in restraint or discipline boisterous quiet bolster [bóulstәr] n. v., : to support with or as if with a bolster bolster : support :: tackle : hoist (A is a tool for B) tackle, ;, ; ( ) hoist, adulterant : pure :: bolster, brace : weak (OPPOSITE) bolster : strength :: whet : sharpness (동 : 명, A increase B) thwart foment, foster, bolster bolster decrease support of, undermine judgment, and farsighted; wisdom simpleton, insensible : boor :: stingy : miser boor civil person bootless [bú tlis] a. : USELESS, UNPROFITABLE : without advantage or benefit bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence (EQUAL, 형 : 명) effulgent, (radiant) shining brilliantly; resplendent resplendent, ; (brilliant) splendid or dazzling in appearance; brilliant interesting : intriguing :: bootless : futile (EQUAL) bootless : futility :: empty : void bore [bɔ r] vt., die : shaping :: drill : boring food : hunger :: stimulation : boredom (A remove B) entrance disappoint, disgust, repel, repulse, bore entrance <intrá:ns>,, bottleneck [bɑ tlnèk] n. 1. a. a narrow or obstructed section. as of a highway or a pipeline b. a point or an area of traffic congestion 2. a hindrance to progress or production 3. the narrow part of a bottle near the top bombast [bɑḿbæst / bɔḿ-] n., : grandiloquent, pompous speech or writing nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast :: exaggerated : hyperbole :: critical : tirade drivel ; bombast down to earth language bombastic understated, unpretentious bonhomie [bɑǹәmí, - -- / bɔńɔmì ][bánәmì:] n. : a pleasant and affable disposition; geniality genial, congenial : bonhomie :: diplomatic : tact (EQUAL, 형 : 명) congenial,, genial ;, bonhomie : good natured :: bonus [bóunәs] n. bonus : employee :: decoration : soldier decoration, ; ; boo [bu ] n. : a shout of disapproval or contempt snare boo ( ) snare 덫; 유혹 bookworm [búkwә rm], : one who spends much time reading or studying bookworm : read :: gourmet : eat gourmet, boon [bu n] n., : BENEFIT, FAVOR 1. a benefit bestowed, especially one bestowed in response to a request 2. a timely blessing or benefit boon misfortune boor [buәr] n. insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp mischievous ;, imp ;, sensitivity : boor :: sagacity : simpleton sagacity, the quality of being discerning, sound in bough [bau] n. : a tree branch, especially a large or main branch bound [baund] n., boundless : limit :: impeccable : flow boundless : excessive :: interminable : lengthy (A >> B) boundless : extensive :: interminable : lengthy boundless limited boundary unrestrained bouquet [boukéi, bu -] ; ( ), 1. a cluster or flowers; a nosegay 2. the fragrance typical of a wine or liqueur nosegay <nóuzgèi> ;, a small bunch of flowers fragrance, 1. the state or quality of having a pleasant odor 2. a sweet or pleasant odor; a scent bouquet : flowers :: constellation : star :: woodpile : logs box [bɑks / bɔks] vi. box : fight :: debate : argue (EQUAL, 명 : 동) boycott [b'oik t] v., 1. to act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion 2. t abstain from or unite with others in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with boycott patronize bracing [bréisiŋ] a. : giving strength, vigor, or freshness bracing vapid, denouncing vapid, ;, bracket [brǽkit] n. (, ) buttress : wall :: bracket : shelf buttress ;,

brackish [brǽkiʃ] a., ; : not appealing to the taste 1. having a somewhat salty taste, especially from containing a mixture of seawater and fresh water 2. distasteful; unpalatable unpalatable, ;, brackish : repulsive :: (A << B) brag - to talk boastfully braggadocio [bræ gәdóuʃiòu] n. ; braggart [brǽgә rt] n. : one given to loud, empty boasting; a bragger braided [bréidid] a. ( ) ; grooved : striating :: braided : stranded (EQUAL) striate strand, brake [breik] n. divert : shunt :: retard : brake (B = A하는 장치) shunt, ; brake : decelerate :: clamp : compress clamp, brash [bræʃ] a. 1. a. hasty and unthinking; impetuous b. rash 2. lacking in sensitivity or tact 3. presumptuously forward; impudent 4. brittle frivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion frivolous <frívәlәs>, ;, candor : subterfuge :: brash : deliberate subterfuge, brassy [brǽsi, brɑ si] a. ; 1. made of or decorated with brass 2. resembling brass, as in color 4. cheap and showy; flashy 5. (informal) brazen; insolent brassy, open, forthright diffident, unassertive, furtive, humble, reserved diffident,, brat [brætiʃ] : a child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous tightfisted, parsimonious, b. a piece or passage that emphasizes a performer's virtuosity 2. a showy manner or display bravura : performance :: resplendent : appearance resplendent,, splendid or dazzling in appearance; brilliant brazen [bréizәn] a. : IMPUDENT : marked by contemptuous boldness brazen : impudent :: deadpan : impassive (EQUAL) impudent ; characterized by offensive boldness; insolent or impertinent deadpan, ; impudent : brazenness :: recalcitrant : stubbornness recalcitrant,, risible : ridicule :: impudent : brazenness risible <rízәbl>, ;, brazen modest, self-effacing, diffident self-effacing not drawing attention to oneself; modest diffident, ; diffidence brazenness diffidence,, timidity or shyness breach [bri tʃ] n. v., 1. to make a hole or gap in; break through 2. to break or violate (an agreement, for example) breach : continuity :: disturb : repose breach solder solder <sádәr> ;, break, ; break : continuity :: disturb : repose breezeway [brí zwèi] n. ( ) breezeway : building :: stairway : floor stairway(계단)는 층(floor, level)을 연결한다. brevity [brévәti] n. brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram brevity lengthiness bribe [braib] v. n. 1. something, such as money or a favor, offered or given to a person in a position of trust to influence that person's views or conduct 2. something serving to influence or persuade bribe : incorruptible :: affect : insensible (B = A할 수 없는) bribe : incorruptible :: rouse : insensible bridle [bráidl] n. v. bridled without restraint bravado [brәvɑ dou] n. 1. a. defiant or swaggering behavior b. a pretense of courage; a false show of bravery 2. a disposition toward showy defiance or false expression of courage courageous : bravado :: complimentary : fulsomeness (A << B) fulsome ( ), swagger : bravado :: caress : affection caress, a gentle touch or gesture of fondness, tenderness, or love brilliance n., (brightness);, 1. the state or quality of being brilliant, as a. extreme brightness b. exceptional clarity and agility of intellect or invention 2. splendor; magnificence brilliance dullness brisk [brisk] a. : LIVELY 1. marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic 2. keen or sharp in speech or manner 3. stimulating and invigorating 4. pleasantly zestful bravura [brәvjú-әrә] a. n. ( ) ponderous lively, vibrant, brisk, 1. (music) a. brilliant technique or style in performance

bristle [brís-әl] n. v. ( ) : to raise the bristles (as in anger) bristle : anger :: vacillate : irresolution (A = B를 보이다) bristle cower cower, to cringe in fear brittle [brítl] a. manifest : perceive :: brittle : break (A = B하기 쉬운) broach [broutʃ] v. ; 1. a. to bring up (a subject) for discussion or debate b. to announce 2. to pierce in order to draw off liquid 3. to draw off (a liquid) by piercing a hole in a cask or other container cf. brooch <broutʃ>, broach bring off, close off bromide [bróumaid], [-mid] n. / a. a commonplace remark or notion; a platitude b. a tiresome person; a bore equivocation : misleading :: bromide : hackneyed (명사 : 형용사) hackneyed overfamiliar through overuse; trite bromide unhackneyed speech brook [bruk] n., v.,, : to pur up with; tolerate brook refuse to tolerate * 강의 크기 river : stream : river creek :, brook, rivulet, streamlet : rill : palter : candor :: budge : diehard palter diehard, vagary : predict :: diehard : budge (A = B하기 어려운) vagary / ; buffer [bʌ fәәr] v. ( ) buffer : impact :: extenuate : circumstance (A = B를 약화시키는 것) ( ) extenuate (, ), buffoon [bәfú n] n. : CLOWN ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine :: humorous : wag ludicrous <lú:dәkrәs>, ; dissolute, lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual pleasures or vices wag (, ) ; inexperience : neophyte :: ludicrous : buffoon bulge [bʌldʒ] n., ;, ;, 1. a protruding part; an outward curve or swelling 2. a sudden, usually temporary increase in number or quantity 3. an advantage bulge depressed region bully [búli] n. : one habitually cruel to others who are weaker instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat browbeat, bully : intimidation :: stupid : gullibility (능동 : 수동) ( ) bully : scare :: sabotage : subversion :: bull : intimidation subvert /, underdog bully browbeat [bráubì t] vt. : to intimidate or subjugate by an overbearing manner or domineering speech; bully instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat (A = B하는 사람) instigate, bully, bruit [bru t] vt. : REPORT : to spread news of; repeat bruit keep secret brusqueness [brʌsknis / brusknis] n. buck [bʌk] v. ( ) ; ; : BALK 1. to leap upward arching the back 2. to charge with the head lowered; butt 3. to make sudden jerky movements; jolt 4. to resist stubbornly and obstinately; balk buck assent to bumper [bʌḿpәәr] n. : a device for absorbing shock or preventing damage protocol : blunder :: bumper : damage (A prevent B) bumptious [bʌḿpʃәs] a., : OBTRUSIVE : presumptuously, obtusely, and often noisily self-assertive dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness (OPPOSITE) dour, marked by sternness or harshness; gloomy dour : tractable :: bumptious : humble impetuous : vacillation, hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness :: dour : geniality impetuous, ;, bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful (A >> B) bumptious humble bungle [bʌ ŋgәl] v. : to act or work clumsily and awkwardly bungle bring off bring off to accomplish bucolic [bju kɑĺik] a. ;, 1. of or characteristic of the countryside or its people; rustic 2. of or characteristic of shepherds or flocks; pastoral palatial : hovel :: bucolic : city, metropolis palatial <pәle iʃәl>,, hovel <hʌ vәl>,, bucolic urban, sophisticated budge [bʌdʒ] vi., 1. to move or stir slightly 2. to alter a position or attitude buoy [bú i, bɔi] vt., : SUPPORT, UPLIFT 1. to keep afloat or aloft 2. a. to maintain at a high level; support b. to hearten or inspire; uplift 3. to mark with or as if with a buoy buoyed unsupported buoyant [bɔíәnt, bú jәnt] a., : CHEERFUL, GAY 1. having or marked by buoyancy 2. lighthearted; gay

bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant :: dissolve : insoluble buoyant : float :: heavy : droop droop, ;, ( ) buoyant : sink :: insoluble : dissolve buoyant hangdog, sinking, aggrieved, leaden hangdog, ; ; aggrieved, ; leaden ( ) ;, ;, burgeon [bә rdʒәn] v., : FLOURISH : to grow and expand rapidly grow : burgeon :: beat : palpitate (B = 빨리 A하다) palpitate ( ), ; ( ) burgeon wither, subdue, waste away, subside, want subdue / ;, burgeoning waning wan, ;, ; burial [bériәl] n. : INTER inter : burial :: obliterate : removal inter, to place in a grave or tomb; bury obliterate,,, burlesque [bә rlésk] n. diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery diatribe, doggerel : verse :: burlesque : play doggerel, ( ) burnish [bә rniʃ] v, n., 1. to make smooth or glossy by or as if by rubbing; polish 2. to rub with a tool that serves especially to smooth or polish numb : insensible :: burnish : lustrous (동 : 형) lustrous, ;, burnish : dull :: mar : flawless (OPPOSITE) mar, burnish lackluster lackluster / ; lacking brightness, luster, or vitality; dull burrow [bә rou, bʌŕ-] n. (, ) ; ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern (A << B) busybody [bízibɑ di / -bɔ di] n. : a person who meddles or pries into the affairs of others ascetic : self-denial :: busybody : intrusive butt [bʌt] v. : to thrust or push head foremost; strike with the head or horns butt : head :: nudge : elbow nudge, butter n. butter : margarine :: sugar : saccharin (천연물 : 인공물) buttress [bʌ tris] n. v. ( ), strut : wing :: buttress : wall (A support B) strut, ;, buttress : wall :: bracket : shelf buttress : edifice :: splint : limb :: splint : fracture edifice, ;, splint ( ) limb, fracture ;, ; aegis : protection :: buttress : support aegis <í:dʒis>, buttress contravene, challenge contravene, ;, bygone[báigɔ n, -ǵɑǹ / -ǵɔǹ] n. : PAST, OUTMODED byline [báilàin] n. : a line at the beginning of a news story, magazine article, or book giving the writer's name article : byline :: movie : credits Byzantine adj. ; ;, often byzantine a. of, relating to, or characterized by intrigue; scheming or devious b. highly complicated; intricate and involved byzantine straightforward C cabal [kәbǽl] n. 1. a conspiratorial group of plotters or intriguers 2. a secret scheme or plot cabal : association :: plot : plan (DEFECTIVE) plot,, a secret plan to accomplish a hostile or illegal purpose cabal : association :: infiltrate : enter (명 : 명 :: 동 : 동, DEFECTIVE) infiltrate / cast : actor :: cable : conspirator cabal : association :: spat : quarrel (DEFECTIVE :: ) ( ) spat to engage in a brief quarrel cache [kæʃ] n. : a place for concealment and safekeeping, as of valuables cache : hidden, hoard :: summit : inaccessible (CHARACTER ::??) (summit은 accessible함) ( ) summit,, ;, cachet [kæʃéi] n., ; 1. a mark or a quality, as of distinction, individuality, or authenticity 2. a seal on a document, such as a letter cachet mark of disapprobation cacophony [kækɑ fәni / -kɔ f-] n. : DISSONANCE : harsh or discordant sound cacophony : sound :: malodor : scent :: glare : light glare ;, cacophony : voice :: gaucherie : skill gaucherie,,, an awkward or tactless act, manner, or expression cacophony : melody :: genteel : churl genteel,, churl ; malodorous : smell :: cacophony, jarring : sound jar, ;, fetid : smell :: cacophonous : sound fetid, having an offensive odor cacophony euphony cacophonous dulcet, euphonious dulcet, cadet [kәdét] n., ; 1. a student at a military school who is training to be an officer 2.

a. a younger son or brother b. a youngest son cadet : veteran :: tadpole : frog cadge [kædʒ] v. : BEG, SPONGE : to beg or obtain by begging :L to ask someone for food or cigarettes because you do not have any or do not want to pay cadge earn (타의와 자의) caisson [kéisәn, -san / -sɔn] n.( ) ; ; ; chevron : badge :: caisson : cart cajole [kәdʒóul] v. ( ) : COAX 1. to persuade or try to persuade by pleading or flattery; cajole 2. to obtain by persistent persuasion blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede wheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion wheedle, to persuade or attempt to persuade by flattery or guile extort, ; to obtain from another by coercion or intimidation coercion, cajole : reluctant :: (CHARACTER) calamitous [kәlǽmitәs] a. : being, causing, or accompanied by calamity; disastrous calcify [kǽlsәfài] vi. : to make inflexible or unchangeable calcium : mineral :: sugar : carbohydrate (A B) calcification flexibility calcify make/be malleable/pliant/flexible malleable ( ) ;, callow [kǽlou] a. : IMMATURE, GREENHORN : lacking adult sophistication frank : secretiveness :: callow : maturity (OPPOSITE) callow : mature :: greenhorn : experienced :: capricious : deliberate expertise : green :: expertise, / experience : green :: pelf : impecunious pelf ( ) wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly acquired impecunious, lacking money; penniless apoplectic : calm :: callow : mature apoplectic, ; callow behaving with adult sophistication, mature callus, gully : erosion :: callus : friction (B make A) gully calorie [kǽlәri] n. power : watt :: heat : calorie :: sound : decibel :: electricity : volt heat : calorie :: liquid : gallons :: distance : odometer odometer calumniate [kәlʌḿnièit] v., : to utter maliciously false statements, charges, or imputations about corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood corroborate ( ) to strengthen or support with other evidence calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony calumny,, perjury calumny : representation :: perjury : testimony calumniate vindicate vindicate / ;, calumnious flattering calf [kæf, kɑ f] n. bull, whale, elephant calumny [k'æl mni] n., 1. a false statement maliciously made to injure another's calibrate [kǽlәbrèit] vt., reputation 1. to check, adjust, or determine by comparison with a standard 2. to determine the caliber of (a tube) 2. the utterance of maliciously false statements; slander calumny approbation, eulogy approbation, ;, 3. to make corrections in; adjust measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter :: plumb : depth camaraderie [kæ mәrǽdәri, -rɑ d-, kɑ mәrɑ d-] n. :: gauge : pressure (gauge는 압력과 직접적인 관련이 없음) ( ) calibrated unstandardized, unsubstantialized : a spirit of friendly good-fellowship camaraderie, comity enmity calligrapher [kәlígrәfәr] n. : one who writes a beautiful bibliophile : books :: gourmet : food calligrapher : handwriting calligraphy ;, calligraphy : scribble :: sonnet : doggerel 1. having calluses; toughened 2. emotionally hardened; unfeeling callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicity (EQUAL) ( ) impassive, ;, dupe v.,... n. duplicity, duple, consisting of two; double callous sympathetic, compassionate sympathetic compassionate, (sympathetic) feeling or showing compassion; sympathetic ; comity, an atmosphere of social harmony enmity deep-seated, often mutual hatred cameo [kǽmiòu] n., 1. a small piece of sculpture on a stone or shell 2. a brief but dramatic appearance of a prominent actor, as in a single scene of a motion picture peccadillo : offense :: cameo : sculpture (A << B) blurb : notice :: cameo : appearance (A = 짧은 B) callous [kǽlәs] a. ( ), ;,, blurb (, ) a brief publicity notice, as on a book jacket peccadillo : offense :: cameo : sculpture (A = 작은 B) camouflage [kǽmuflɑ ʒ, kǽmә-] n., ; 1. the method or result of concealing personnel or equipment from an enemy by making them appear to be pat of the natural surroundings 2. concealment by disguise or protective coloring 3. fabric or a garment dyed in splotches of green, brown, tan, and black so as to make the wearer indistinguishable from the surrounding environment

code : meaning :: camouflage : location (A는 B를 숨김) mask : face :: camouflage : location disguise : identification :: camouflage : detection camouflage : deception :: flattery : ingratiating malinger : duty :: camouflage : detection malinger to feign illness or other incapacity in order to avoid duty or work mimicry : camouflage :: variation : mutation ( ) (variation mutation, mimic camouflage ) ballast : stabilization :: camouflage : indetection (PURPOSE) camouflage exposure canard [kәnɑ rd], : an unfounded or false, deliberately misleading story aspersion : discredit :: canard : deceive candidate [kǽndidèit, -dit] n. roster : personnel :: slate : candidate roster ; slate, ; ballot : candidates :: ballot ; ; candor [kǽndәr] n., : FORTHRIGHTNESS : freedom from prejudice or malice palter : candor :: budge : diehard palter, budge, ( ) candor : subterfuge :: brashness : deliberation subterfuge, a deceptive stratagem or device brash, ;, palter : candor :: betray : loyalty candor artifice, mendacity artifice, mendacity ;, cane [kein] n. cane : walk :: glasses : see canon [kǽnәn] n., : an accepted principle or rule; the authentic works of a writer religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy orthodoxy ;, canonical : conforming :: qualified : limited qualified, ;, canon apocrypha apocrypha <әpákrәfә> ; canonical nontraditional, heterodox canopy [kǽnәpi] n.,, canopy : cover :: tag : identify (A의 목적 = B) canyon [kǽnjәn] n. ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern (A << B) burrow (, ) ;, capacious [kәpéiʃәs] a., : SPACIOUS : capable of containing a large quantity; spacious or roomy capitulate [kәpítʃәlèit] v. 1. to surrender under specified conditions 2. to give up all resistance; acquiesce acquiesce : yielding :: capitulate : categorical acquiesce, ( ) acquiesce. yielding. capitulate <> chapter. categorical ( )... (-Verbatim ) categorical ;, capitulate resist, oppose capitulation resistance caprice [kәprí s] n. a. an impulsive change of mind b. an inclination to change one's mind impulsively c. a sudden, unpredictable action, change, or series of actions or changes caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive :: discontent : unsatisfied :: insight : discerning (CHARACTER) impromptu : rehearsal :: apophasis : claim :: caprice : deliberation apophasis ( ) caprice : deliberate :: insubordinate : submissive insubordinate a., n. caprice : predict :: (A = B하기 어려운) capricious : change :: (A = B하기 쉬운) caprice : whim :: objective : fact caprice : whimsical :: perspicacity : acute perspicacious, caprice : whimsical :: insight : discerning :: insight, foresight : prudent :: effulgence : resplendent capricious constant, deliberate, pertinacious, resolute, steadfast caprice confirmation captious [kǽpʃәs] adj. captious <> tolerant captivate [kǽptәvèit] vt. : to attract and hold by charm, beauty, or excellence captivate repulse cardinal, ; / cantankerous [kәntǽŋkәrәs, kæn-] a., 1. of foremost importance; paramount 1. ill-tempered and quarrelsome; disagreeable 2. (color) dark to deep or vivid red 2. difficult to handle cardinal minor canvas [kǽnvәs] n., ;, canvas : painter :: marble : sculptor easel : canvas :: tripod : camera canvass [kǽnvәs] v. ; ( ) : SOLICIT 1. to examine carefully or discuss thoroughly; scrutinize 2. a. to go through (a region) or go to (persons) to solicit votes or orders b. to conduct a survey of (public opinion); poll exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass (A = B하는 사람) exponent, / pollster carefree [kɛ әrfrì ], free of worries and responsibilities carefree : responsibility :: hidebound : flexibility (LACK) caretaker [kɛ әrtèikәr] n., 1. one that is employed to look after or take charge of goods, property, or a person; a custodian 2. one that temporarily performs the duties of an office custodian ; janitor,

careworn [kɛ әrwɔ rn] a. : showing the effect of grief or anxiety careworn lighthearted caret [k'ær t] n. a proofreading symbol(^) used to indicate where something is to be inserted in a line of printed or written matter caret : insertion :: comma : pause caricature [kǽrikәtʃùәr, -tʃәr] n. : exaggeration by means of often ludicrous distortion of parts or characteristics brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature caricature : presentation :: illustrator : caricaturist :: essayist : satirist carnal [kɑ rnl] a., 1. relating to or given to crude bodily pleasures and appetites 2. worldly or earthly; temporal 3. of or relating to the body or flesh; bodily carnal spiritual carouse [kәráuz] v., 1. to engage in boisterous, drunken merrymaking 2. to drink excessively n. boisterous, drunken merrymaking; a carousal roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw roister ; ( ) recluse, appoint : official :: cast : actor (cast 는 동사) cast : actor :: cabal : conspirator (cast 는 명사로 배역진 ) cabal, ; letter : signature :: playbill : cast (A have B) playbill, a poster announcing a theatrical performance castigate [kǽstәgèit] v. 1. to inflict severe punishment on 2. to criticize severely castigation : disapproval :: crime : misbehavior :: blasphemy : irreverence (A >> B) blasphemy irreverence castigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial :: loathing : dislike :: soaking : damp (A >> B) reprove to voice or convey disapproval of denounce ; peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation (A << B) castigate extol, flatter castigation approbation, flatter, accolade, extol castle [kǽsl, kɑ sl] n. castle : turret :: sea : beacon beacon ; catalyze [kǽtәlàiz] vt. : BRING ABOUT, INSPIRE enzyme : catalyst :: bacterium : microbe (A B) enzyme biochemical catalyst catalytic : initiate :: synthetic : create supervisor : oversight :: catalyst : initiate (A = B하는 사람/물건) catalyze inhibit, retard, prevent catalyst prevention, inhibitor carp [kɑ rp] vi. : to find fault in a disagreeable way; complain fretfully caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious cavil <kæ vәl>, libertine, ; licentious <laise nʃәs>,, complain : carp :: drink : guzzle (A << B) carpentry n. trade : carpentry :: clothing : outfit (A B) trade an occupation, especially one requiring skilled labor cartographer [kɑ rtɑǵrәfәr / -tɔǵ-] n. cartographer : map :: tailor : clothing :: weaver : cloth :: lexicographer : dictionary cloth,, clothing ( ) ; carve [k :rv] v.,, ; ( ), 1. a. to divide into pieces by cutting; slice b. to divide by parceling out 2. to cut into a desired shape; fashion by cutting 3. to make or form by or as if by cutting 4. to decorate by cutting and shaping carefully carve : turkey :: slice : cake cascade [kæskéid] n. cascade trickle catastrophe [kәtǽstrәfi] n. 1. a great, often sudden calamity 2. a complete failure; a fiasco 3. the concluding action of a drama, especially a classical tragedy, following the climax and containing a resolution of the plot 4. a sudden violent change in the earth's surface; a cataclysm catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment (A >> B) mishap, oxymoron : contradictory :: mishap : catastrophic (CHARACTER) oxymoron categorical [kæ tәgɔ rikәl, -gɑŕ- / -gɔŕ-] a. : ABSOLUTE, UNQUALIFIED 1. being without exception or qualification; absolute 2. of or relating to a category or categories; according to or using categories acquiesce : yielding :: capitulate : categorical capitulate categorical qualified, conditional cater [kéitәr] vi. ; : to provide food or entertainment; to supply what is required or desired caterwaul [kǽtәrwɔ l] v. ( ) catholic [kǽɵәlik] a., : UNIVERSAL 1. of broad or liberal scope; comprehensive 2. including or concerning all humankind; universal catholic narrow cast [kæst, kɑ st] n. v. ( ) : the set of actors in a dramatic production; to assign a certain role to (an actor) caustic [kɔ stik] a., : a substance that burns or destroys organic tissue by chemical action 1. capable of burning, corroding, dissolving, or eating away

by chemical action 2. corrosive and bitingly trenchant; cutting 3. causing a burning or stinging sensation, as from intense emotion barb : caustic :: pan : harsh caustic : eat away :: desiccant : dry (A = B하게 하는 물질) desiccant caustic : burn :: solvent : dissolve caustic palliating, genial, smooth, kind, innocuous, mild, pliant palliate, ; cautious [k'o: s] adj., 1. showing or practicing caution; careful 2. tentative or restrained; guarded cautious rash cavalier [kæ vәlíәr] n., a., ;, a. 1. showing arrogant or offhand disregard; dismissive 2. carefree and nonchalant; jaunty jaunty, ; ; cavalierly : deliberation :: (LACK) rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy cavalier : arrogant 명사일 때는 그런 의미가 없음 rapscallion, mischievous ;, sluggard, caveat [kéiviæ t] n., ; ( ) 1. a. a warning or caution b. a qualification or explanation 2. (law) a formal notice filed by an interested party with a court or officer, requesting the postponement of a proceeding until the filer is heard overture : introductory :: caveat : warning :: caveat : cautionary preamble : introductory :: caveat : precautious preamble, ; cavern [kǽvәrn] n. ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern cavern : spelunker :: star : astronomer cavern : spelunker :: ocean : diver ( ) spelunker <spilʌ ŋkәr> grotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel grotto arroyo <әrɔ iou> cavil [kǽvәl] v. : to find fault unnecessarily; raise trivial objections cavil : criticize :: probe : investigate (EQUAL) caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious licentious <laise nʃәs>,, encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil encomiast a person who delivers or writes an encomium; a eulogist quibble ; = cavil nitpick : criticize :: cavil : object (trivial B = A) nitpick to be concerned with or find fault with insignificant details faultfinding : criticize :: nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil cavort [kәvɔ rt] v. ( ) : PRANCE : to walk or move in a spirited manner 1. to bound or prance about in a sprightly manner; caper 2. to have lively or boisterous fun; romp dodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly dodder ; cavort trudge trudge to walk in a laborious, heavy-footed way; plod cease [si:s] v. : to put an end to; discontinue cease commence, evolve, inaugurate inaugurate ;, / cede [si d] v. 1. to surrender possession of, especially by treaty 2. to yield; grant cede : possession :: cede possess celebrity [sәlébrәti] n. ; RENOWN 1. a famous person 2. renown; fame renown the quality of being widely honored and acclaimed; fame celebration : decry :: slight : show respect (OPPOSITE) decry,, celebrity obscurity obscurity ;, ; celerity [sәlérәti] celerity <> delay n. cell [sel] n. cell : membrane :: seed : hull (B = A를 감싸고 있음) cement [simént] v. : to unite or make firm by or as if by cement cement fracture, sever sever / ; ( ) ; (break up) censor [sénsәr] vt. n., 1. a person authorized to examine books, films, or other material and to remove or suppress what is considered morally, politically, or otherwise objectionable 2. an official, as in the armed forces, who examines personal mail and official dispatches to remove information considered secret or a risk to security 3. one that condemns or censures censorship : communication :: preservative : decay (A prohibit B) censorship : information :: sanitation : disease (A prevent B) sanitation, vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate vendor, vender, purvey / expurgate (, ) ; ( ) salesman : buy :: censor : expunge (salesman : sell??) ( ) expunge, censorious [sensɔ riәs] a. 1. tending to censure; highly critical 2. expressing censure pliable : influence :: ticklish : offend, annoy (A = B하기 쉬운) censorious : condemn censorious : critical :: (A >> B) censorious : censor :: recalcitrant : resist recalcitrant, censorious eulogistic censure [sénʃәr] n. v., ( ) : to find fault with and criticize as blameworthy n. 1. an expression of strong disapproval or harsh criticism 2. an official rebuke, as by a legislature of one of its member lamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censure lamentable,, reprehensible,, deserving rebuke or censure; blameworthy remonstrance : dissuade :: reprehension : censure :: syllogism :

disprove (B use A) remonstrance ;,, remonstrate to say or plead in protest, objection or reproof syllogism censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible (OPPOSITE) censure applaud, applause, exonerate, extol, commend exonerate (, ), census [sénsәs] n. : a usually complete enumeration of a population census : population :: inventory : stock, merchandise centrifuge [séntrәfjù dʒ] n. centrifuge : separate :: colander : drain colander ceramic [sәrǽmik] n. shard : ceramic :: crumb : cake shard crumb, ceremony [sérәmòuni / -mәni] n. affidavit : statement :: wedding : ceremony (A B) affidavit certainty 1. the fact, quality, or state of being certain 2. something that is clearly established or assured certainty, certitude indecision, obscurity indecision, reluctance or an inability to make up one's mind; irresolution certitude [sә rtәtjù d] n. : the state of being or feeling certain certitude obscurity cessation [seséiʃәn] n., : STOP : a bringing or coming to an end; a ceasing cessation commencement, start, continuation commencement, ; chaff [tʃæf / tʃɑ f] n. winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities winnow, ;, chaff : wheat :: shell : pecan pecan ( ) dross : metal :: chaff : grain chagrin [ʃәgrín / ʃǽgrin] n., : disquietude or distress of mind caused by humiliation. disappointment, or failure chagrin : mind :: grimace : face grimace <grímәs>, chagrin elation, cheerfulness, contentment, proud satisfaction, delight elation, elate, to make proud or joyful challenge, ;, challenge buttress chamber [tʃéimbәr] n. / : a natural or artificial enclosed space or cavity chameleon [kәmí liәn, -ljәn] n. salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist ichthyology <ìkθiálәdʒi> herpetology champion [tʃǽmpiәn] vt., : UPHOLD, ADVOCATE : to fight for, defend, or support as a champion champion disparage, impugn, oppose disparage, ;, impugn,, channel [tʃǽnl] v. ; ( ) : to direct or guide along some desired course channel evade, disperse chaotic [keiɑ tik / -ɔ t-] a. chaos : predictability :: pallor : color (LACK) chaotic strictly structured, strictly featured chaplain [tʃǽplin] n., ( ); a clergyman officially attached to a branch of the military, to an institution. or to a family or court chaplain : religious :: charade [ʃәréid / -rɑ d] n. ; ( ), 1. a readily perceived pretense charade : word :: mime : story charade : dissimulate :: void : empty ( ) dissimulate ( ), charitable adj., 1. generous in giving money or other help to the needy 2. mild or tolerant in judging others; lenient 3. of, for, or concerned with charity rancor good will, concord, charitableness charlatan [ʃɑ rlәtәn] n., : FRAUD, FAKER : a person who makes elaborate, fraudulent, and often voluble claims to skill or knowledge; a quack or fraud mentor : guide :: charlatan : deceive :: juggernaut : crush chary [tʃɛ әri] a.,, 1. very cautious; wary 2. not giving or expending freely; sparing chary : caution :: imperturbable : composure (A have B) chary bold, rash chasm [kǽzәm] n., : GORGE : a deep cleft in the surface of a planet (as the earth) cleft : chasm :: cut : gash (A << B) cleft ; gash / (slash) a long, deep cut; a deep flesh wound chaste [tʃeist] adj. chaste wanton chasten [tʃéisәn] v. : to correct by punishment or reproof; take to task. chasten reward chauvinism n. ; 1. militant devotion to and glorification of one's country; fanatical patriotism 2. prejudiced belief in the superiority of one's own gender, group, or kind patriotic : chauvinistic :: receptive : gullible (A << B) check [tʃek] n. v. : to block the progress of jolt : move :: check : stop jolt ( ), ; check propagate, hasten, goad goad / ;,

chef [ʃef] n. author : novel :: chef : banquet :: writer : novel chef : kitchen :: scientist : laboratory :: chemist : laboratory cherish v., ; ( ) 1. to treat with affection and tenderness; hold dear 2. to keep fondly in mind; entertain cherubic [tʃәrú bik] a., cherubic somber somber <sámbәr>, ; ; chevron [ʃévrәn] n. ( ) chevron : badge :: caisson : cart caisson <kéisan> ( ) ; ; ; chiaroscuro [kiɑ rәskjú rou] n. 1. the technique of using light and shade in pictorial representation 2. the arrangement of light and dark elements in a pictorial work of art chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy :: filigree : delicacy tapestry intricacy ( ) filigree / ; / chic [ʃi( )k] a. 1. conforming to the current fashion; stylish 2. adopting or setting current fashions and styles; sophisticated 4. to lavish a surfeit of a given emotion on (someone) * suffocate 1. to kill or destroy by preventing access of air or oxygen 2. to impair the respiration of 3. to cause discomfort to by or as if by cutting off the supply of fresh air 4. to suppress the development, imagination, or creativity of; stifle * stifle 1. to interrupt or cut off (the voice, for example) 2. to keep in or hold back; repress 3. to kill by preventing respiration; smother or suffocate choleric [kɑĺәrik / kɔĺ-] a., 1. easily angered; bad-tempered 2. showing or expressing anger cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize choler,, anger; irritability choleric : rile :: volatile : rouse :: partial : bias rile rouse,, choleric difficult to provoke, pacific choir [kwai :r] n., ; choir : singer :: cast : actor :: bouquet : flower chord [kɔ rd] n. : a combination of tree or more usually concordant tones sounded simultaneously chord : note, tone :: grove : tree :: constellation : star (A = B가 모여서 된 것) cf. colonnade : pillar :: queue : person (일렬로 선 것) chicanery [ʃikéinәri] n., : TRICKERY 1. deception by trickery or sophistry 2. a trick; a subterfuge chicanery : clever :: tactlessness : truthful (DEFECTIVE ::??) ( ) tactless, lacking or exhibiting a lack of tact; bluntly inconsiderate or indiscreet gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination chicanery guilelessness, forthrightness, honest dealing, scrupulous practice, aboveboard action scrupulous, ; ; chide [tʃaid] v., : SCOLD : to scold mildly so as to correct or improve; reprimand chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle (A << B) pillory, ;, humor, mollycoddle to be overprotective and indulgent toward chide praise chip [tʃip] n. chip : stone :: shard : glass choke [tʃouk] vt., ; ( ). 1. to interfere with the respiration of by compression or obstruction of the larynx( ) or trachea(, ) 2. a. to check or slow down the movement, growth, or action of b. to block up or obstruct by filling or clogging c. to fill up completely; jam smother : choke :: smother, ;, * smother 1. a. to suffocate (another) b. to deprive (a fire) of the oxygen necessary for combustion 2. to conceal, suppress, or hide 3. to cover (a foodstuff) thickly with another foodstuff choreography [kɔ riɑǵrәfi / kɔ riɔǵ-] n. : the composition and arrangement of dances especially for ballet choreography : dance :: plot : story choreographer : movement :: architect : building sculptor : statue chortle [tʃɔ rtl] n. chortle : amusement :: sneer : contempt chorus n. troupe : perform :: chorus : sing (A = B하는 사람들) troupe <tru:p> ( ), chromatic [kroumǽtik] a. ; ( ) 1. a. relating to colors or color b. relating to color perceived to have a saturation greater than zero 2. (music) a. of, relating to, or based on the chromatic scale b. relating to chords or harmonies based on nonharmonic tones chromatic colorless chronic [krɑńik / krɔń-] a., : INVETERATE 1. of long duration; continuing 2. lasting for a long period of time or marked by frequent recurrence, as certain diseases 3. subject to a habit or pattern of behavior for a long time chronic sporadic chronicle [krɑńikl / krɔń-] n., chronological [krɑǹәlɑ dʒikәl / krɔǹәlɔ dʒikәl] a. dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological chuckle [t ' kl] v., ;

1. to laugh quietly or to oneself 2. to cluck or chuck, as a hen chuckle : laughing :: whisper : speaking chunk [tʃʌŋk] n. 1. a thick mass of piece 2. (informal) a substantial amount chunk flake flake,, churl [t :rl] n., ; 1. a rude, boorish person 2. a miserly person churl : affront :: instigator : foment affront, ; (confront), churlish [tʃә ( )rliʃ] a.,, : SURLY : marked by a lack of civility or graciousness 1. of, like, or befitting a churl; boorish or vulgar 2. having a bad disposition 3. difficult to work with, such as soil; intractable annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl (B = A하는 사람) uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver uncouth <ʌnkú:θ>,, ;, complaisance the inclination to comply willingly with the wishes of others; amiability churlish genteel cinder [síndәr] n.,, (slag) cineast [síniæ st, -әst], [-æ st] n. : a devotee of motion pictures cineast : film :: gourmand : food utter, direct encounter, succinctness circumscribe [sә rkәmskráib, - -- ] v. ; ; ( ) 1. to draw a line around; encircle 2. to limit narrowly; restrict 3. to determine the limits of; define 4. a. to enclose (a polygon or polyhedron) within a configuration of lines, curves, of surfaces so that every vertex of the enclosed object is incident on the enclosing configuration b. to erect (such a configuration) around a polygon or polyhedron( ) circumscribed unlimited, ecumenical ecumenical, of worldwide scope or applicability; universal circumspect [sә rkәmspèkt] a. : PRUDENT : careful to consider all circumstances and possible consequences rash : circumspective :: imperious : servile (OPPOSITE) circumspect : prudence :: urbane : polish (EQUAL, 형 : 명) circumspect audacious, reckless temerity circumspection connive <kәnáiv>, ;, temerity, = recklessness circumspect audacious, rash, reckless, unscrupulous cacophony : melody :: genteel : churl genteel,, churlish : affront :: formidable : intimidate (EQUAL, 형 : 동) formidable,, churlishness complaisance circumvent [sә rkәmvént] vt. 1. to surround (an enemy, for example); enclose or entrap 2. to go around; bypass 3. to avoid or get around by artful maneuvering circumvent confront circumvention direct encounter cistern [sístәrn] n. : a receptacle for holding water or other liquid, especially a tank for catching and storing rainwater cistern : liquids :: landfill : refuse landfill refuse <re fju:s>,,, cipher [sáifәr] n. cipher : cryptic :: precis : concise precis, a concise summary of a book, an article, or another text; an abstract cipher : crack :: circuitous [sә rkjú itәs] a., : not being forthright or direct in language or action immaterial : relevance :: circuitous : directness (OPPOSITE) immaterial, ;, circuitous : directness :: irresolute : decision circuity forthrightness, straightforwardness circuitous direct citation [saitéiʃәn] n. summons : citation :: (소환 : 소환장) civility [sivílәti] n. : COURTESY, POLITENESS 1. courteous behavior; politeness 2. a courteous act or utterance civility rudeness claim [kleim] n., claim : legitimated :: hypothesis : confirmed lien : claim :: subpoena : command (A B) lien claim renounce circular [s' :rkjul :r] adj., ;, clairvoyant [klɛәrvɔíәnt] a., : circuitous; roundabout circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid (OPPOSITE) circumference [sәrkʌḿfәrәns] n. border : country :: circumference : circle circumference : circle :: perimeter : rectangle circumlocution [sә rkәmloukjú ʃәn] n., 1. the use of unnecessarily wordy and indirect language 2. evasion in speech or writing 3. a roundabout expression circumlocutory straightforward, succinctly expressed circumlocution pithy uttering, aphoristic uttering, straightforward DISCERNING : unusually perceptive dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict (형 : 동) prescience <prí:ʃiәns>,, (foresight) clairvoyant : oversee clairvoyant <klɛәrvɔ iәnt> ; oversee,

clamorous [klǽmәrәs] adj. clamorous silent clandestine [klændéstin] adj. : surreptitious clandestine open clandestine a. : SURREPTITIOUS : kept or done in secret, often in order to conceal an illicit or improper purpose clandestine : secretly :: overt : openly overt, open and observable; not hidden, concealed, or secret clandestine : secrecy :: harmonious : congruity congruity,, congruous corresponding in character or kind; appropriate or harmonious clandestine open clarion [klǽriәn] a. : brilliantly clear; loud and clear clarion soft and indistinct clarity [klǽrәti] n. : LUCIDITY 1. clearness of appearance 2. clearness of thought or style; lucidity ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth mendacious, ; consensus : factionalism :: clarity : confusion (OPPOSITE) equivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: obfuscation : clarity euphemism obfuscate ( ) ; misunderstood : clarify :: erroneous : retract (retract에 erroneous의 뜻은 없음) ( ) ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity ramshackle ; garble ;, obfuscate, opaque, roil, equivocate, muddy clarify, appease roil ;, clasp [klæsp, klɑ sp] n. lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten lathe <leið> [shape ] claustrophobia [klɔ strәfóubiә] n. recluse : crowd :: claustrophobic : enclosure recluse, cleft [kleft] n. cleft : chasm :: cut : gash (A << B) chasm gash / clement [klémәnt] a., : LENIENT : inclined to be lenient or merciful : lenient inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous, or indulgent clement pitiless pitiless having no pity; merciless clemency ruthlessness ruthless,, (pitiless) cliche [kli( )ʃéi] n. : a trite phrase or expression hodgepodge : uniformity :: cliche : originality hodgepodge a mixture of dissimilar ingredients; a jumble equivocation : misleading :: cliche : hackneyed hackneyed overfamiliar through overuse; trite trite lacking power to evoke interest through overuse or repetition; hackneyed clinch [klintʃ] v. : to hold fast or firmly clinch remove, make more doubtful cling [kliŋ] v. 1. to hold fast or adhere to something, as by grasping, sticking, embracing, or entwining 2. to remain close; resist separation 3. to remain emotionally attached; hold on clique [kli k, klik] n., : a small, exclusive group of friends or associates clique : intimates :: flock : sheep clog [klɑg / klɔg] n. : ENCUMBRANCE : an obstruction or hindrance clog : drainage :: stalemate : negotiations stalemate a situation in which further action is blocked; a deadlock closet [klɑźit / klɔź-] n., ;, ( ) 1. a cabinet or enclosed recess for linens, household supplies, or clothing 2. a small private chamber, as for study or prayer 3. a water closet; a toilet 4. a state of secrecy or cautious privacy pantry : food :: closet, wardrobe : clothes clot [klɑt / klɔt] n. v., : a coagulated mass produced by clotting of blood clot : dissolved :: crowd : dispersed freeze : water :: clot : blood solvent : dissolve :: coagulant : clot cloture [klóutʃәr] n. : the closing or limitation of debate in a legislative body especially by calling for a vote voting : roll call :: termination : cloture (A하기 위해 B를 한다) cloudburst [klaudbә rst] n. : a sudden, heavy rainstorm; a downpour gust : wind :: cloudburst : rainfall (A >> B) clout [klaut] n. : PULL, INFLUENCE 1. a blow, especially with the fist 2. (informal) a. influence; pull b. power; muscle clout impuissance, impotence impuissance lack of power or effectiveness; weakness cloy : to cause distaste or disgust by supplying with too much of something originally pleasant, especially something rich or sweet; surfeit cloying [klɔiŋ] a., garrulous = loquacious : talkative :: cloying : sweet (A >> B) garrulous given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk; tiresomely talkative clumsy [klʌḿzi] a., 1. lacking physical coordination, skill, or grace; awkward 2. awkwardly constructed; unwieldy 3. gauche; inept clumsy comely, adept comely, ; seemly, ;,

coagulant [kouǽgjәlәnt] n. coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve astringent : pucker :: coagulant : congeal coagulant liquefier, dissolvent coagulate [kou'ægjul`eit] v. : to cause transformation of (a liquid or sol, for example) into or as if into a soft, semisolid, or solid mass coagulate dissolve, liquefy, thin coalesce [kòuәlés] v. : FUSE 1. to grow together; fuse 2. to come together so as to form one whole; unite coalesce disaggregate, sunder, polarize, break apart sunder, to break or wench apart; sever asunder ;, sever <se vәr>, ;, polarize, ; coarse [kɔ rs] a.,, ;, : rough, especially to the touch; adjusted or designed for heavy, fast, or less delicate work coarse : surface :: fastidious coarse fastidious, coax [kouks] vt. : CAJOLE : to persuade or try to persuade by pleading or flattery 1. to persuade or try to persuade by pleading or flattery; cajole 2. to obtain by persistent persuasion equivocation : coax :: explanation : enlighten (coax에는 equivocal한 특성이 없음) ( ) blandishment : coax :: medal : honor :: prevarication : deceive (B하기 위해 A를 이용한다) blandish, coda [kóudә] n. : a concluding passage of a movement or composition dessert : meal :: epilogue : play :: coda : sonata coda overture, prelude coerce [kouә rs] v. 1. to force to act or think in a certain way by use of pressure, threats, or intimidation; compel 2. to dominate, restrain, or control forcibly 3. to bring about by force or threat wheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion wheedle to persuade or attempt to persuade by flattery or guile; cajole cajole to urge with gentle and repeated appeals, teasing, or flattery; wheedle extort, to obtain from another by coercion or intimidation coerce to force to act or think in a certain way by use of pressure, threats, or intimidation squander : expend :: coercion : intimidate (A >> B :: EQUAL) ( ) squander ;, to spend wastefully or extravagantly; dissipate coercive voluntary coeval [kouí vәl] a. : of the same or equal age, antiquity, or duration congruent : dimension :: coeval : age congruent,, ; cogent [kóudʒәnt] a. : CONVINCING : appealing to the intellect or powers of reasoning cogent : convince :: repugnant : repel cogent unconvincing, unsound cogitate [kɑ dʒәtèit / kɔ dʒ-] v., : to take careful thought or think carefully about; ponder philosopher : cogitate :: iconoclast : attack iconoclast ; cognizant [kɑǵnәzәnt / kɔǵ-] a., : knowledgeable of something especially through personal experience incognizance : knowledgeable :: penury : wealthy (OPPOSITE) cognizant oblivious, unaware oblivious, lacking all memory; forgetful colander [kʌĺәndәr, kɑĺ-], [kʌĺ-] n. ( ) centrifuge : separate :: colander : drain collapse [kәlǽps] vt. : to fall or shrink together abruptly and completely collapse : implode :: divide : sunder (A << B) sunder to break or wrench apart collapse : implode :: steep : immerse (A << B) steep, ;, ; ( ) ; immerse, ; collapse : volume :: attenuate : thickness colloquial [kәlóukwiәl] v., : characteristic of or appropriate to the spoken language or to writing that seeks the effect of speech; informal. colloquial polished collude [kәlú d] v. : CONSPIRE, PLOT : to act together secretly to achieve a fraudulent, illegal, or deceitful purpose collude : cooperate :: smuggle : convey :: stalk : follow :: eavesdrop : coddle [kɑ dl / kɔ dl] v., ; listen :: pry : watch stalk, 1. to cook in water just below the boiling point coddle eggs 2. to treat indulgently; baby pry, collusion : conspirators :: cooperation : partners coddle scorn, deplore deplore / ;, colonnade [kɑ lәnéid / kɔ l-] n. : a series of columns set at regular intervals and usually supporting the base of a roof structure colonnade : pillar :: queue : person colossal [kәlásәl] adj., : of a size, extent, or degree that elicits awe or taxes belief; immense antediluvian : age :: colossal : size antediluvian ; ; ; colossus : figurine :: boulder : pebble (A >> B) colossus boulder colt n. ;, 1. a young male horse 2. a youthful or inexperienced person; a novice coltish [kóultiʃ] a. ; 1. relating to or suggestive of a colt 2. lively and playful; frisky coltish : discipline :: loutish : grace (A lack B) loutish ;,

lout <laut> a person regarded as awkward and stupid; an oaf commingle separate coma [kóumә] n. coma : unconsciousness :: delirium : confusion combustible [kәmbʌśtәbәl] a., 1. capable of igniting and burning 2. easily aroused or excited impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible (OPPOSITE) impervious ( ), ; combustible : ignite :: malleable : shape comely [kʌḿli] a., 1. pleasing and wholesome in appearance; attractive 2. suitable; seemly seemly, ;, comeliness unattractiveness comely clumsy comity [k' m ti] n., : an atmosphere of social harmony comity enmity commencement [kәménsmәnt] n., 1. a beginning; a start 2. a. a ceremony at which academic degrees or diplomas are conferred b. the day on which such a ceremony occurs commencement cessation cease inaugurate, commence inaugurate ( ), commencement matriculation matriculation ( ) ; commend [kәménd] vt. : PRAISE 1. to represent as worthy, qualified, or desirable; recommend 2. to express approval of; praise 3. to commit to the care of another; entrust execrable commendable, laudable execrable, ; execrate, ; commend berate, deplore commensurate [kәménʃәrit] a., : of the same size, extent, or duration as another 1. of the same size, extent, or duration as another 2. corresponding in size or degree; proportionate 3. measurable by a common standard; commensurable commensurate preponderant preponderant,, having superior weight, force, importance, or influence tantamount incommensurate tantamount, equivalent in effect or value parity uncommensurateness commentary [kɑḿәntèri / kɔḿәntәri] n., ; annotate : commentary :: gloss : definition annotate, gloss, ; commitment [k m'itm nt] n., ; ;, ;, 1. the act or an instance of committing, especially: a. the act of referring a legislative bill to committee b. official consignment, or to a person or mental health facility c. a court order authorizing consignment to a prison 2. a. a pledge to do b. something pledged, especially an engagement by contract involving financial obligation 3. the state of being bound emotionally or intellectually to a course of action or to another person or persons crime : misdemeanor :: commitment : decision (A >> B) misdemeanor,, felony dilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequence (A = B가 없는 사 람) dilettante, disaffected : contentment :: dubious : commitment, conviction (A lack B) disaffected, ;, ambivalent committed (전념하는, 헌신적인; 의식을 가진 ꏧ) noncommittal confirm noncommittal, committed [kәmítid] a., ; (, ) profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed (?? :: OPPOSITE) (직접적인 연관을 찾을 수 없음) ( ) profligate, ; ;, solvent ;, ;, commodious [kәmóudiәs] a., : ROOMY : comfortably or conveniently spacious taut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu (OPPOSITE) taut ( ) ; ( ), ; (strict) purlieu <p ә:rlju:> ;, ; environ to encircle; surround commodious constricted, constringed, cramped constringe,, = constrict commonplace [kɑḿәnplèis / kɔḿ-] a., : having no remarkable features, characteristics, or traits; ordinary phenomenal, inimitable unexceptional, commonplace inimitable, = matchless phenomenal, ; / (perceptible) commonplace original, exceptional commonsense [kɑḿәnséns / kɔḿ-] n. commonsensical preposterous preposterous,, commotion [kәmóuʃәn] n., : TO-DO : a condition of turbulent motion squall : commotion :: flash : illumination (A = brief B) squall <skwɔ:l>,, ;, commotion tranquility commercial [kәmә rʃәl] n. : an advertisement on television or radio advertising : commercial :: publishing : journal commingle [kәmíŋgl] v., : to become blended compassion [k mp'æ n] n., : deep awareness of the suffering of another coupled with the wish to relieve it compassion indifference

compendium [kәmpéndiәm] n. : ABSTRACT compose discombobulate : a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge discombobulate ( ), composure restless compendium : summary :: anthology : collection (EQUAL) encyclopedia : compendious :: abstract : condensed compound [k' mpaund] n., a combination of two or more elements or parts compensate [kɑḿpәnsèit / kɔḿ-] v. / ;, soldier : army :: element : compound : BALANCE compound separate, elemental 1. to offset; counterbalance 2. to make satisfactory payment or reparation to; recompense or reimburse 3. to stabilize the purchasing power of (a monetary unit) by changing the gold content in order to counterbalance price variations complacent [kәmpléisәnt] a., : self-satisfied and unconcerned complaisance [kәmpléisәns, -zәns, kɑḿplәzæǹs] n., : AFFABILITY : the inclination to comply willingly with the wishes of others; amiability complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit intractable, adept, very skilled complaisance churlishness, obstinacy churlish, ; obstinacy, complacency anxiety compress [kәmprés] vt. constrict : diameter :: compress : size compression increase in volume, distention distention, distend to swell out or expand from or as if from internal pressure compromise [kɑḿprәmàiz / kɔḿ-] n. v., 1. to settle by concessions 2. to expose or make liable to danger, suspicion, or disrepute mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction prosecution, ;, conviction ;, implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle (if A then not B) implacable ( ),, swindle, intransigent open to compromise intransigent, polemical compromising polemical temporize unwilling to compromise temporize ;, ; compliant [kәmpláiәnt] a. : SUBMISSIVE : disposed or willing to comply; submissive compliant : servile :: trusting : gullible (A << B) obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield (EQUAL, 형 : 동) obsequious, full of or exhibiting servile compliance; fawning compliment [kɑḿplәmәnt / kɔḿ-] vt., n. 1. an expression of praise, admiration, or congratulation 2. a formal act of civility, courtesy, or respect 3. compliments good wishes; regards apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed contrite ; compliment : flattery :: deference : subservience (DEFECTIVE) subservient, courageous : bravado :: complimentary : fulsomeness (A << B) bravado, ; fulsome ( ) offensively flattering or insincere complimentary vituperative vituperative,, using, containing, or marked by harshly abusive censure comply [kәmplái] vi. : to act in accordance with another's command, request, rule, or wish mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain (EQUAL, 형 : 동) mandatory ;, comport [kәmpɔ rt] n., : to conduct or behave (oneself) in a particular manner : to agree, correspond, or harmonize: composed [kәmpóuzd] a. : CALM, SELF-POSSESSED : free from agitation; serenely self-possessed composed distraught, frenetic distraught, ;, frenetic ; wildly excited or active; frantic; frenzied compunction [kәmpʌ ŋkʃәn] n., : QUALM, SCRUPLE : anxiety arising from awareness of guilt compunction absence of misgiving, unrepentant misgiving,,, a feeling of doubt, distrust, or apprehension concatenate v. ( ) : to connect or link in a series or chain concatenate separate concave adj. : curved like the inner surface of a sphere scoop : concave :: spatula : flat (CHARACTER) spatula, conceal [k nsi:l] v. ; : to keep from being seen, found, observed, or discovered; hide conceal blurt, unearth blurt / to utter suddenly and impulsively concede [k ns'i:d] v., 1. to acknowledge, often reluctantly, as being true, just, or proper; admit 2. to yield or grant (a privilege or right, for example) concede refuse to grant concession aggression, denial concentrate [kɑńsәntrèit / kɔń-] v., : FOCUS concentrate dilute solution, deploy deploy ( ), ; conceptual [k ns'ept u l] adj. : of, consisting of, or relating to concepts or conception conceptual concrete

concerted [kәnsә rtid] a. : planned or accomplished together; combined concerted individually devised, meant to obstruct concerto [kәntʃértou] n. : a piece for one or more soloists and orchestra with three contrasting movements conciliate [kәnsílièit] v., 1. to overcome the distrust or animosity of; appease 2. to regain or try to regain (friendship or goodwill) by pleasant behavior 3. to make or attempt to make compatible; reconcile sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive sop (, ) ;, subsidy, conciliate vex, nettle, discontent, rile nettle to irritate; vex discontent, rile to stir to anger conciliation vexation conciliatory contentious, belligerent contentious, belligerent, ; compliance; fawning, fawn, patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery (EQUAL, 동 : 명) concise a. deride,, : expressing much in few words; clear and succinct patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (EQUAL) synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity distillate ;, conciseness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature condign [kәndáin] a., : DESERVED, APPROPRIATE, ADEQUATE condign undeserved, unmerited conclude v., ; ( ) unmerited (undeserved), ;, 1. to bring to an end; close 2. to bring about (a final agreement or settlement) 3. to reach a decision or form an opinion about condolence [kәndóulәns] n., 4. to arrive at (a logical conclusion or end) by the process of reasoning; infer on the basis of convincing evidence conclude embark on : sympathy with a person who has experienced pain, grief, or misfortune condolence : sympathy, compassion :: gibe : derision concomitant [kɑnkɑḿәtәnt] a.,, : occurring or existing concurrently; attendant preponderant concomitant preponderant,, having superior weight, force, importance, or influence concord [kɑŋkɔ rd] n.,, : HARMONY 1. harmony or agreement of interests or feelings; accord 2. a treaty establishing peaceful relations inconsonant : concord :: scatter : overlap (OPPOSITE) concord dissension, dissonance, rancor, enmity, contention, schism dissension ;, difference of opinion; disagreement dissonance, rancor,, bitter, long-lasting resentment; deepseated ill will enmity deep-seated, often mutual hatred contention,, ;, schism, usually by official order countenance condemn countenance, ;,, ;,, exaltation condemnation exalt ( ) ; / ; extol, embrace condemn, impugn, detract impugn, to attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument condense 1. to reduce the volume or compass of 2. to make more concise; abridge or shorten condensed unabridged condescend v. 1. to descend to the level of one considered inferior; lower 2. to deal with people in a patronizingly superior manner condescending [kɑǹdiséndiŋ / kɔǹ-] a. : displaying a patronizingly superior attitude patronize 단골로 삼다;후원/보조하다;생색을 내는 듯한 태도를 취하다 condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn (EQUAL, 형 : 동) obsequious, full of or exhibiting servile compassion, gibe, n. a derisive remark condone [kәndóun] vt., : to overlook, forgive, or disregard (an offense) without protest or censure condone denounce, exact exact, ;, conducive [kәndjú siv] a. : tending to cause or bring about; contributive conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate foment, to promote the growth of; incite tonic a. producing or stimulating physical, mental, or emotional vigor conductor n. conductor : instrumentalist :: director : actor confederacy [kәnfédәrәsi] n.,, : ALLIANCE concur [kәnkә r] vi., 1. to be of the same opinion; agree 2. to act together; cooperate 3. to occur at the same time; coincide concur object, dissent, naysay naysay / to say no to; deny or oppose condemn [kәndém] vt. ; 1. to express strong disapproval of 2. to pronounce judgment against; sentence 3. to judge or declare to be unfit for use or consumption, confess [kәnfés] v. 1. to disclose (something damaging or inconvenient to oneself); admit 2. to acknowledge belief or faith in; profess 3. a. to make known (one's sins) to God or to a priest b. to hear the confession of (a penitent) recantation : error :: confession : crime recant, to make a formal retraction or disavowal of

confidant [kɑǹfidǽnt, -dɑ nt, kɑńfidæǹt / kɔǹfidǽnt] n., 1. one to whom secrets or private matters are disclosed 2. a character in a drama or fiction, such as a trusted friend or servant, who serves as a device for revealing the inner thoughts or intentions of a main character confident [kɑńfidәnt / kɔń-] a. confident : timid :: open : shy (OPPOSITE) confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory (A << B) interrogatory <ìntәrágәtɔ :ri> asking a question; of the nature of a question; interrogative interrogative ; ; frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant (A << B) confine [kәnfáin] vt. 1. to keep within bound; restrict 2. to shut or keep in, especially to imprison 3. to restrict in movement loose : confinement :: disabuse : misconception disabuse ( ), ( ) conflate [kәnfléit] v. : to combine (as two readings of a text) into a composite whole conflate disseminate disseminate, ;, confluence [kɑńfluәns / kɔń-] n., 1. a. a flowing together of two or more streams b. the point of juncture of such streams c. the combined stream formed by this juncture 2. a gathering, flowing, or meeting together at one juncture or point confluence : streams :: junction : roads confluence divergence conform [kәnfɔ rm] v.,, 1. to correspond in form or character; be similar 2. to act or be in accord or agreement; comply 3. to act in accordance with current customs or modes incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey incongruent,, recalcitrant, conform gainsay congeal melt, disintegrate, fail to solidify congenial [kәndʒí njәl] a.,, : SOCIABLE, GENIAL 1. having the same tastes, habits, or temperament; sympathetic 2. of a pleasant disposition; friendly and sociable 3. sited to one's needs or nature; agreeable dour genial, congenial dour marked by sternness or harshness; forbidding congruent [kɑ ŋgruәnt] a., 1. corresponding; congruous 2. (math.) a. coinciding exactly when superimposed b. having a difference divisible by a modulus congruent : dimension :: coeval : age coeval originating or existing during the same period; lasting through the same era incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey variance congruity congruent disagreeable congruity variance congruous adj.,, ; 1. corresponding in character or kind; appropriate or harmonious 2. (math.) congruent conjecture [kәndʒéktʃәr] n. v. ( ) n. 1. inference or judgment based on inconclusive or incomplete evidence; guesswork 2. a statement, an opinion, or a conclusion based on guesswork conjecture restrain from the speculation, fact connive [kәnáiv] v. : CONSPIRE 1. to cooperate secretly in an illegal or wrongful action; collude 2. to scheme; plot 3. to feign ignorance of or fail to take measures against a wrong, thus implying tacit encouragement or consent connive : cooperate :: spy : watch (DEFECTIVE) uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver (B = A한 사람) uncouth <ʌnkú:θ>, ;, ;, churl ; confound [k nf'aund] 1. to cause to become confused or perplexed 2. to fail to distinguish; mix up 3. to make (something bad) worse 4. to cause to be ashamed; abash 5. to damn 6. to frustrate confound discriminate between v. ;, connoisseur [kɑǹәsә r, -súәr / kɔǹ-] n.,, ; confront [kәnfrʌńt] vt. : OPPOSE 1. to come face to face with, especially with defiance or hostility 2. to bring face to face with 3. to come up against; encounter craven : confront :: honest : deceive (if A, then not B) craven, confront circumvent circumvent, ;, congeal [kәndʒí l] v. : COAGULATE 1. to solidify by or as if by freezing 2. to coagulate; jell 1. a person wit expert knowledge or training, especially in the fine arts 2. a person of informed and discriminating taste connoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisine cuisine, selflessness : altruist :: expertise : connoisseur expertise / conquest [kɑ ŋkwest / kɔ ŋ-] n. inexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : conquest inexorable, ;, conscientious [kɑǹʃiénʃәs / kɔǹ-] a., ;,, 1. guided by or in accordance with the dictates of conscience; principled 2. thorough and assiduous assiduous,, conscientious careless, remiss, unaware remiss, ;,

conscious [k' n s] 1. a. having an awareness of one's environment and one's own existence, sensations, and thoughts b. mentally perceptive or alert; awake 2. capable of thought, will, or perception 3. subjectively known or felt 4. intentionally conceived or done; deliberate 5. inwardly attentive or sensible; mindful 6. especially aware of or preoccupied with conscious unwitting unwitting, ;, consensus [kәnsénsәs] n., : UNANIMITY consensus : factionalism :: clarity : confusion (OPPOSITE) expedition : foot-dragging :: consensus : factionalism expedition, ;, law : criminality :: consensus : factionalism (A prevent B, B lack A) schism : consensus :: interruption : continuity schism <sízәm>, consensus factionalism consequential adj. ;, ;, 1. following as an effect, result, or conclusion; consequent 2. having important consequences; significant 3. a. important; influential b. pompous; self-important conservative [kәnsә rvәtiv] a. bigoted : advice :: conservative : change (A = B에 반대하는) contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty contumacious, obstinately disobedient or rebellious; insubordinate hidebound, stubbornly prejudiced, narrow-minded, or inflexible hidebound : conservative :: manic : excited (A >> B) conservatory [kәnsә rvәtɔ ri / -tәri] n. / conservatory : music :: seminary : theology :: observatory : astronomy seminary conserve [kәnsә rv] v. : to avoid wasteful or destructive use of conserve waste, squander, exhaust squander ;, to spend wastefully or extravagantly; dissipate considerable [kәnsídәrәbәl] a., : SIGNIFICANT 1. large in amount, extent, or degree 2. worthy of consideration; significant restive : calm :: piddling : considerable (OPPOSITE) restive, ;, piddling, so trifling or trivial as to be beneath one's consideration consider table table ;, ; ( ) / consign v., ; ;, 1. to give over to the care of another; entrust 2. to turn over permanently to another's charge or to a lasting condition; commit irrevocably 3. to deliver (merchandise, for example) for custody or sale 4. to set apart, as for a special use or purpose; assign consignment [kәnsáinmәnt] n., consignment : invoice :: invoice, ; ( ) itemize to set down item by item; list console [kәnsóul] v. : COMFORT : to allay the sorrow or grief of embarrass : shame :: console : comfort (A = B하게하는 행동) disturb : serenity :: console : grief :: alleviate : intensity (A remove B) console aggravate grief consolidate [kәnsɑĺәdèit / -sɔĺ-] vt., : UNITE 1. to unite into one system or whole; combine 2. to make strong or secure; strengthen 3. to make firm or coherent; form into a compact mass consolidation fragmentation consolidate dissolve consonance [kɑńsәnәns / kɔń-] n., ; 1. agreement; harmony; accord 2. a. close correspondence of sounds b. the repetition of consonants or of a consonant pattern inconsonant : concord :: scatter : overlap (OPPOSITE) consonant dissentient, dissonant, discrepant dissentient <dise nʃjәnt> dissonant ( ), ;, consonance discrepancy discrepancy, ;, inconsonant in agreement conspicuous [kәnspíkjuәs] a. : STRIKING 1. easy to notice; obvious 2. attracting attention, as by being unusual or remarkable; noticeable authoritative : acceptance :: conspicuous : attention conspicuous : see :: transparent : understand hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous hermitage, ; conspicuous : sheltered :: (OPPOSITE) blatant, salient, prominent inconspicuous salient, ;, conspicuous nondescript nondescript, conspire v., ;, 1. to plan together secretly to commit an illegal or wrongful act or accomplish a legal purpose through illegal action 2. to join or act together; combine uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver (B = A한 사람) infiltrate : enter :: conspire : plan spy : watch :: conspire : cooperate constancy [k` nst: nsi] 1. steadfastness, as in purpose or affection; faithfulness 2. the condition or quality of being constant; changelessness constancy turncoat turncoat, constellation [kɑǹstәléiʃәn / kɔǹ-] n., constellation : star :: chord : note :: bouquet : flowers consternation [k` nst :rn'ei n] n., : a state of paralyzing dismay consternation composure constitute [kɑństәtjù t / kɔń-] vt. ; ; 1. a. to be the elements or parts of; compose

b. to amount to; equal 2. a. to set up or establish according to law or provision b. to found (an institution, for example) c. to enact (a law or regulation) 3. to appoint to an office, dignity, function, or task; designate constitute abdicate wince : pain :: smile : pleasure :: pout : displeasure :: sneer : contempt wince, to shrink or start involuntarily, as in pain or distress pout, to exhibit displeasure or disappointment contemptible estimable estimable, ; contemptible popular ( ) constrained [kәnstréind] a., constrain release constrained intemperate intemperate,, constringe v.,, : to cause to contract; constrict commodious constringed construct v. / / 1. to form by assembling or combining parts; build 2. to create an argument or a sentence, for example) by systematically arranging ideas or terms construct : remodel :: compose : edit consultation [kɑǹsәltéiʃәn / kɔǹ-] n. : the act or process of consulting consummate [kɑńsәmèit/kɔń-]/[kәnsʌḿәt] v., contention general agreement a. to bring to completion or fruition; conclude b. to realize or achieve; fulfill consummate amateurish contagious [kәntéidʒәs] a. : CATCHING 1. of or relating to contagion 2. transmissible by direct or indirect contact; communicable 3. capable of transmitting disease; carrying a disease 4. spreading or tending to spread from one to another; infectious sprain : injury :: cold : contagion (A B) sprain (, ) contagious incommunicable contaminate [kәntǽmәnèit] vt. hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination :: safeguard : accident quarantine ( ) contaminate purify contemplate [kɑńtәmplèit / kɔńtem-] vt. ; 1. to look at attentively and thoughtfully 2. to consider carefully and at length; meditate on or ponder 3. to have in mind as an intention or possibility contempt [kәntémpt] n. : DISDAIN 1. disparaging or haughty disdain, as for something base or unworthy; scorn 2. the state of being despised or dishonored; disgrace 3. open disrespect or willful disobedience of the authority of a court of law or legislativ body measly : contemptibly :: puny : weakly measly, puny <pjú:ni>,, of inferior size, strength, or significance; weak paragon : admire :: pariah : contempt (A = B할 만한) (명사가 뒤에 것만 사람임) ( ) pariah <pәráiә>, redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard redoubtable, despicable, deserving of contempt or scorn; vile content [kәntént] a., disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction, commitment :: anxious : serenity disaffected, resentful and rebellious, especially against authority gripe : discontent :: praise : admiration gripe, ; ( ) ; admiration : praise:: discontent: complain content disaffected restiveness contentment restive, ;,, contented avaricious contention [k nt'en n] n., ; 1. the act or an instance of striving in controversy or debate 2. a striving to win in competition; rivalry 3. an assertion put forward in argument contentious [kәnténʃәs] a., 1. given to contention; quarrelsome 2. involving or likely to cause contention; controversial meddlesome : pry :: contentious : argue (EQUAL, 형 : 동) contentious conciliatory contiguous [k nt'igju s] adj., ; 1. sharing an edge or boundary; touching 2. neighboring; adjacent 3. a. connecting without a break b. connected in time; uninterrupted contiguous : abut :: simultaneous : coincide contingent [kәntíndʒәnt] a., ; ;, 1. liable to occur but not with certainty; possible 2. dependent on conditions or occurrences not yet established; conditional 3. happening by chance or accident continence [kɑńtәnәns / kɔń-] n., 1. self-restraint; moderation. 2. voluntary control over urinary and fecal discharge. continence indulgence contingent on:dependent on STH that may or may not happen continuous 1. uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent 2. attached together in repeated units continuity disjunction contort v., ; ; / to twist, wrench, or bend severely out of shape contortion : body :: grimace : face grimace <grímәs>, contract [k' ntrækt] v., ; / ; ;, 1. to enter into by contract; establish or settle by formal agreement

2. to acquire or incur 3. a. to reduce in size by drawing together; shrink b. to pull together; wrinkle contract : implode :: descend : plummet contradictory [kɑǹtrәdíktәri / kɔǹ-] a. paradox : contradictory :: epigram : wise (CHARACTER) contravene [kɑǹtrәví n / kɔǹ-] v. ;, : CONTRADICT opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience (EQUAL) 1. to act or be counter to; violate 2. to oppose in argument; gainsay contravene support, buttress opportune,, suited or right for a particular purpose opportune inconvenient contretemps [kɑńtrәtɑ ŋ / kɔń-] n., : an unforeseen event that disrupts the normal course of things; an inopportune occurrence control [kәntróul] n. : an individual or group used as a standard of comparison in a control experiment control group experimented on controvert [k' ntr v :rt] v., : to raise arguments against; voice opposition to controvert substantiate substantiate ;, contumacious [kɑǹtjuméiʃәs / kɔǹ-] a., (, ) : REBELLIOUS : obstinately disobedient or rebellious; insubordinate contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation. novelty hidebound, ; stubbornly prejudiced, narrow-minded, or inflexible contumacious obedient conundrum [kәnʌńdrәm] n., 1. a riddle in which a fanciful question is answered by a pun 2. a paradoxical, insoluble, or difficult problem; a dilemma conundrum : solve :: tangle : unravel :: dilemma :?? (A = B하기 어려 운) unravel, ; conundrum : confuse :: (CHARACTER) convalesce [kɑǹvәlés / kɔǹ-] vi. : to return to health and strength after illness; recuperate recuperate, recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce recidivism / relapse,, rehabilitation ;, ;, convene [k nv'i:m] v. ( ) to come together usually for an official or public purpose; assemble formally convene adjourn convenience [kәnví njәns] n. 1. the quality of being suitable to one's comfort, purposes, or needs 2. personal comfort or advantage 3. something that increases comfort or saves work convention [kәnvénʃәn] n., overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention discreet /,, eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated contrite [kәntráit, kɑńtrait / kɔńtrait] a. doyen <dɔ iәn> a man who is the oldest or senior member 1. feeling regret and sorrow for one's sins or offenses; penitent 2. arising from or expressing contrition apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed apologize : contrite :: vacillate : irresolute, hesitant impenitent contrite of a group uninitiated, not knowledgeable or skilled; inexperienced offbeat conventional ossify transcend conventions ossify to become set in a rigidly conventional pattern transcend,, contrive [kәntráiv] v. 1. to plan with cleverness or ingenuity; devise, convergent [kәnvә rdʒәnt] a. : CONVERGING 2. to invent or fabricate, especially by improvisation 3. to plan with evil intend; scheme, 4. to bring about, as by scheming; manage... contrived : design :: (EQUAL, 형 : 명 or 동) : tending to move toward one point or to approach each other converge spread out, ramify ramify, to have complicating consequences or outgrowths convergent moving apart discrepancy convergence discrepancy, divergence or disagreement, as between facts or claims; difference conversant [kәnvә rsәnt, kɑńvәr- / kɔǹvәr-] a. : familiar, as by study or experience conversant unfamiliar, ignorant conversance lack of familiarity convert [kәnvә rt] vt. : to bring over from one belief, view, or party to another veer : direction :: convert : belief veer, to turn aside from a course, direction, or purpose hunter : quarry :: proselytizer : convert (A = B하는 사람) quarry ; ; proselytize <prásәlitàiz>, salesperson : buy :: proselytizer : convert :: swindler : cheat :: mediator : reconcile four-poster : bed :: convertible : automobile (A B) four-poster 4 convex [kɑnvéks, kәn- / kɔnvéks] adj. : having a surface or boundary that curves or bulges outward, as the exterior of a sphere convex dent convey [kәnvéi] vt., collude : cooperate :: smuggle : convey collude to act together secretly to achieve a fraudulent, illegal, or deceitful purpose splint : immobilize :: duct : convey conviction [kәnvíkʃәn] n., 1. (law) a. the judgment of a jury or judge that a person is

guilty of a crime as charged b. the state of being found or proved guilty 2. a. the act or process of convincing b. the state of being convinced 3. a fixed or strong belief disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction (A lack B) disaffected resentful and rebellious, especially against authority mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction (A B) prosecution, ;, cogent unconvincing cogent ;, convivial [kәnvíviәl] a., ;, 1. fond of feasting, drinking, and good company; sociable 2. merry; festive convivial : social :: convoke [kәnvóuk] v. : to cause to assemble in a meeting; convene convoke adjourn convoluted [kɑńvәlù tid / kɔń-] a., : INVOLVED, INTRICATE 1. having numerous overlapping coils or folds 2. intricate; complicated convoluted : complexity :: ephemeral : transience :: transient : evanescence (EQUAL) ephemeral, lasting for a markedly brief time evanescent, ;, vanishing or likely to vanish like vapor threadbare, timeworn : novelty :: convoluted : simplicity threadbare, ; timeworn, ;, convoluted straightforward convulsion [kәnvʌĺʃәn] n., ;, 1. an intense, paroxysmal, involuntary muscular contraction 2. an uncontrolled fit, as of laughter; a paroxysm 3. violent turmoil paroxysm, ; a sudden outburst of emotion or action convulsion : contraction :: frenzy : emotion frenzy,, a state of violent mental agitation or wild excitement coop [ku( )p] n. : an enclosure or cage, as for poultry or small animals corral : horses :: coop : chickens corral (, ) copious [kóupiәs] a. 1. yielding or containing plenty; affording ample supply 2. large in quantity; abundant 3. abounding in matter, thoughts, or words; wordy wordy, ;, copious sparse, dearth coquette [koukét] n. (flirt) supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious beseech, to address an earnest or urgent request to; implore cord [kɔ rd] n., ; ; [1 = 128 ] ream : paper :: cord : wood ream ( ) [, 500 ] cordon [kɔ rdn] n., ; 1. a line of people, military posts, or sips stationed around an area to enclose or guard it 2. a cord or braid worn as a fastening or an ornament 3. a ribbon usually worn diagonally across the brest as a badge of honor or a decoration levee : river :: cordon : crowd levee, cornucopia [kɔ rnjukóupiә] n., ; ( ) : ABUNDANCE cornucopia : abundance :: mace : authority (A = B의 상징) mace ( ) cornucopia dearth, lack, pittance pittance / ; corona [k r'oun ] n., (, ) corona : sun :: atmosphere : planet coronation [kɔ rәnéiʃәn, kɑŕ- / kɔŕ-] n. : the act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign or the sovereign's consort coronation : reign :: wedding : marriage reign, ;, corporeal [kɔ rpɔ riәl] a., : SUBSTANTIAL 1. of, relating to, or characteristic of the body 2. of material nature; tangible corporeal intangible, disembodied, spiritual, immaterial disembody incorporeal incarnate incarnate <inká:rnit>, ( ) ; corral [kәrǽl / kɔrɑ l] n. 1. an enclosure for confining livestock 2. an enclosure formed by a circle of wagons for defense against attack during an encampment corral : horses :: coop : chickens coop correlative ( ) related; corresponding correlative irrelative, unrelated corroborate [kәrɑ bәrèit / -rɔ b-] vt. ( ) ; : to support with evidence or authority corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood calumniate, to make maliciously or knowingly false statements about corroboration lessening of certainty, deny, controvert controvert /,, corrosive [kәróusiv] n. a. ; a. 1. having the capability or tendency to cause corrosion 2. gradually destructive; steadily harmful 3. spitefully sarcastic etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive (CHARACTER) corrugate [kɔ rәgèit] : to shape into folds or parallel and alternating ridges and grooves corrugated smooth corrugated [kɔ rәgèitid, kɑŕ- / kɔŕә-] adj. : to shape into folds or parallel and alternating ridges and grooves. corrugated <> smooth corrupt [kәrʌṕt] 1. marked by immorality and perversion; depraved, 2. venal; dishonest 3. containing errors or alterations, as a text,

perversion,, ;, pervert, ; / venal, ;, corruption purity cosmopolitan [kɑ zmәpɑĺәtәn / kɔ zmәpɔĺ-] a., : having worldwide rather than limited or provincial scope or bearing bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan (OPPOSITE, 명 : 형) tolerant, bigoted : tolerance :: servile : domination servile ;,,, abjectly submissive; slavish insularity cosmopolitanism insular cosmopolitan insular <ínsjәlәr> ;, ; cosset [kɑśit / kɔś-] v., : PAMPER : to treat as a pet cosset slight cosseted unspoiled (cosset에 망치다 는 뜻은 없음) ( ) coterie [kóutәri] n. /, : an intimate and often exclusive group of persons with a unifying common interest or purpose coterie : group :: (A B) countenance [káuntәnәns] v., n., ;, : SANCTION : to give or express approval to n. 1. appearance, especially the expression of the face 2. the face or facial features 3. a. a look or expression indicative of encouragement or of moral support b. support or approval countenance : toleration :: demur : objection (EQUAL) countenance condemn, forbid countenance refuse to approve, regard with disfavor counterfeit [káuntәrfìt] n., : FORGED 1. to make a copy of, usually with the intent to defraud; forge 2. to make a pretense of; feign sophism : reasoning :: counterfeit : money sophism <sáfizәm>, countermand [kàuntәrmǽnd, -mɑ nd] v. ( ), 1. to cancel or reverse (a previously issued command or order) 2. to recall by a contrary order countermand : order :: rescind : law :: revoke : license rescind (, ) to make void; repeal or annul revoke (,, ), counterpart [káuntәrpɑ rt] n., : DUPLICATE 1. a. one that closely resembles another b. one that has the same functions and characteristics as another; an opposite number 2. a copy or duplicate of a legal paper 3. a. one of two parts that fit and complete each other b. one that serves as a complement couple [kʌṕәl] 1. to link together; connect 2. a. to join as spouses; marry b. to join in sexual union couple disconnect couplet [kʌṕlit] n. 2 ( ), ( ) : DISTICH unit of verse consisting of two successive lines, usually rhyming and having the same meter and often forming a complete thought or syntactic unit couplet : sentence :: courageous adj. : having or characterized by courage; valiant courageous diffident, court [kɔ rt] n. v., ( ) 1. a. to attempt to gain; seek b. to behave so as to invite or incur 2. to try to gain the love or affections of, especially to seek to marry 3. to attempt to gain the favor of by attention or flattery aversion court court repel intentionally, repulse intentionally, snub snub ; spurn court, crave, embrace spurn, to reject disdainfully or contemptuously; scorn crave, courtesy [kɔ rtәsi] n., ;, 1. a. polite behavior b. a polite gesture or remark 2. a. consent or agreement in spite of fact; indulgence b. willingness or generosity in providing something needed courtroom [kɔ rtrù( )m] lawyer : courtroom :: gladiator : arena coven [kʌ vәn, kóu-] n. 13 ; ( ) retainer : retinue :: witch : coven retainer, ;, retinue ( ), the retainers or attendants accompanying a high-ranking person retinue : attendant :: coven : witch covert [k'ouv :rt] adj., 1. not openly practice, avowed, engaged in, accumulated, or shown 2. covered or covered over; sheltered covert overt, open overt, covetous [kʌ vitәs] a. 1. excessively and culpably desirous of the possessions of another 2. marked by extreme desire to acquire or possess troubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious :: enthusiastic : mania (A << B) troubled (, ) ; ( ) distraught,, ;, rapacious, ;, covetous : desire :: prodigal : spend (A >> B) paltry : covert :: despicable : admire paltry, ;,, (OPPOSITE)

cow [kau] v. (, ), (intimidate) : to destroy the resolve or courage of cowed undaunted undaunted not discouraged or disheartened; resolutely courageous embolden abash, faze, cow abash, to make ashamed or uneasy; disconcert faze, to disrupt the composure of; disconcert coward [káuәrd] n., a., : n. one who shows ignoble fear in the face of danger or pain coward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscate obfuscate, ; cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize (if someone has A, then B) choler, anger; irritability pluck cowardice pluck, ; cower [káuәr] vi. ( ), : to cringe in fear fear : cower :: anger : rant (A는 B하게 한다) rant, ; to utter with violence or extravagance cower bristle, brazenly confront bristle ( ) ; coy [kɔi] a., ;, RESERVED 1. tending to avoid people and social situations; reserved 2. affectedly and usually flirtatiously shy or modest 3. annoyingly unwilling to make a commitment coy blatant, brash, brass, brazen, impudent : a line made by pressing, folding, or wrinkling cozen [kʌźn] v., crease : folding :: hole : perforating (B make A) 1. to mislead by means of a petty trick or fraud; deceive 2. to persuade or induce to do something by cajoling or wheedling 3. to obtain by deceit or persuasion credulous : cozen :: tractable : control cozen deal with forthrightly 1. skill in doing or making something, as in the arts; proficiency 2. skill in evasion or deception; guile 3. a. an occupation or trade requiring manual dexterity or skilled artistry b. the membership of such an occupation or trade; guild sensibility crass refined crave v. / ;, 1. to have an intense desire for 2. to need urgently; require 3. to beg earnestly for; implore craven [kréivәn] a., : lacking the least bit of courage craven : admirable :: deft : awkward (OPPOSITE) craven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthrift parsimonious, excessively sparing or frugal spendthrift, (prodigal) wasteful or extravagant craven : heroic :: volatile : constant :: permanent : erratic (OPPOSITE) erratic, ;, craven : confront :: honest : deceive (A하면 B하지 않는다) dastard : craven :: dupe : gullible dastard, craven valorous valorous, marked by or possessing great personal bravery; valiant valiant, ; ;,, craving [kréiviŋ] n., : an intense, urgent, or abnormal desire or longing terror : fear :: craving : desire (A >> B) crave : longing :: exult : satisfaction exult, to rejoice greatly; be jubilant or triumphant spurn court, crave, embrace spurn ( ), to reject disdainfully or contemptuously; scorn craving aversion, spurn crease [kr'i:s] n., credence [krí dәns] n.,, credence disbeliever, distrust, doubt, skeptic credence dislodgement, misplacement credulous [kr'ed3ul s] adj., 1. disposed to believe too readily; gullible craft [kræft / krɑ ft] n., ;, ; ( ) : DEXTERITY 2. arising from or characterized by credulity credulous : cozen :: tractable : control cozen / skeptic : credulous :: penitent : obdurate (OPPOSITE) credulity skepticism creek [kri k, krik] n., hill : mountain :: creek : river :: pebble : rock (A << B) * stream > creek > brook > rivulet, streamlet, rill cramp [kræmp] a. v., : CONFINE, RESTRAIN v. 1. to hold together with a cramp 2. to shut in so closely as to restrict the physical freedom of commodious constricted, cramped cranky adj. ; ; 1. having a bad disposition; peevish 2. having eccentric ways; odd 3. full of bends and turns; crooked 4. working unpredictably; erratic 5. rickety; loose crass [kræs] a. ;, : crude and unrefined as to be lacking in discrimination and creep [kri p] v., : to go very slowly; to go timidly or cautiously so as to escape notice creep moved swiftly (동) creep swift/quick movement (명) crescendo [kriʃéndou] n. ; v., a. gradually increasing in volume, force, or intensity crescendo : sound :: acceleration : tempo crescendo decrease in volume

crest [krest] n. [ ],( ), ( ), relevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious (A << B) ( ) crest : wave :: summit, peak : mountain crucial inconsequential consequential ;, peripheral crucial crestfallen [krestfɔ lәn] a., : DEJECTED : dispirited and depressed; dejected crestfallen ecstatic, elated, euphoric, exultant, jubilant crude [kru d] a., ;, ;, ecstatic ;, ecstasy, euphoria exultant,, marked by great joy or jubilation; triumphant jubilant exultingly joyful; expressing joy 1. being in an unrefined or natural state; raw 2. lacking tact, refinement, or taste 3. not carefully or completely made; rough 4. displaying a lack of knowledge or skill 5. undisguised or unadorned; blunt delicacy crudity cringe v. ( ) ;, 1. to shrink back, as in fear; cower 2. to behave in a servile way; fawn criteria [kraitíәriә] n. : a standard on which a judgment or decision may be based criterion n.,, : a standard, rule, or test on which a judgment or decision can be based cronyism [króunizәm] n. : favoritism shown to old friends without regard for their qualifications, as in political appointments to office nepotism : relative :: cronyism : friend nepotism, nepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud (A B) embezzle to take (money, for example) for one's own use in violation of a trust fraud, ;, ;, crumb [krʌm] n. v., : a small fragment especially of something baked (as bread) crumb : bread :: splinter : wood splinter, shard : ceramic :: crumb : cake crumble [krʌḿbl] v. ( ), : DISINTEGRATE, COLLAPSE : to break into small fragments or particles friable : crumble :: malleable : alter malleable ( ) ;, friable : crumbled :: lucid : comprehended (A B) friable not easily crumbled, resistance to be pulverized, difficult to crumble pulverize, (grind); (demolish) crumple v. ( ), ; 1. to crush together or press into wrinkles; rumple 2. to cause to fall apart fold : crumple :: defeat : overwhelm croon [kru n] v., 1. to hum or sing softly 2. to sing popular songs in a soft, sentimental manner croon : sing :: murmur : speak crop [krɑp / krɔp] n., ; : COLLECTION 1. a. cultivated plants or agricultural produce, such as grain, vegetables, or fruit b. the total yield of such produce in a particular season or place 2. a group, quantity, or supply appearing at one time crop pittance (crop에 다수, 다량 의 뜻이 없음) ( ) pittance / ; crouch [krautʃ] v., : CRINGE 1. a. to stoop, especially with the knees bent b. to pres the entire body close to the ground with the limbs bent 2. to bend servilely or timidly; cringe crouch : spring :: hover : plunge (OPPOSITE) crouch erect crouch erect posture, upright posture crown [kraun] vt. inaugurate : president :: install : official :: crown : king inaugurate [ ]; ;, install ;, crutch [krʌtʃ] n., crutch : walk, support :: glasses : see crux [krʌks] n. ( ) : an essential point requiring resolution or resolving an outcome crux peripheral element, pettiness petty, ;, ;, cryptic [kríptik] a., : MYSTERIOUS 1. having hidden meaning; mystifying 2. secret or occult 3. using code or cipher cipher : cryptic :: precis : concise (EQUAL, 명 : 형) precis <preisí:>, a concise summary of a book, an article, or another text; an abstract cryptic : perplex :: degrading : debase (CHARACTER, 형 : 동) cryptic self explanatory, self explaining cuisine [kwizí n] n., ; connoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisine connoisseur, ;, culpable [kʌĺpәbl] a. : deserving of blame or censure as being wrong, evil, improper, or injurious exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame confession : culpability :: testimonial : appreciation (A is a sign of B) testimonial, ;, culpable above reproach, innocent crucial [krú ʃәl] a. : DECISIVE a. extremely significant or important b. vital to the resolution of a crisis; decisive

cultivate [kʌĺtәvèit] v., : ENCOURAGE cultivate : crop :: foster, nurture : child cultivate cause to wither, decline, impede, neglect cultivated [kʌĺtәvèitid] a., : REFINED, EDUCATED, POLISHED feral cultivated feral <fíәrәl>, : performed with haste and scant attention to detail cumbersome [kʌḿbәrsәm] a. ( ) ; cursory exam cursorily, painstakingly thorough, pinpoint, slow and 1. difficult to handle because of weight or bulk 2. troublesome onerous thorough fastidious easygoing, cursory, uncritical fastidious, onerous troublesome or oppressive; burdensome cumbersome easy to handle, handy, wieldy curt [kә rt] a., : TERSE wieldy, (manageable) easily wielded or managed cunning [kʌńiŋ] a., 1. marked by or given to artful subtlety and deceptiveness 2. executed with or exhibiting ingenuity 3. delicately pleasing; pretty or cute cunning : gulled :: watchful : waylaid waylay, cunning artless, ingenuous ingenuous, cupidity [kju pídәti] n. cupidity generosity curative [kjúәrәtiv] a. 1. serving or tending to cure 2. of or relating to the cure of disease curator [kjuәréitәr] n., ranger : forest :: curator : museum ranger ; ; curators : paintings :: librarians : books curator : art :: archivist : documents curb [kә rb] n. v., : to check or control with or as if with a curb curb goad, spur, lack of restraint goad ( ) ; (stimulus) spur ;, ; curb promote to proceed, unbridle bridle, ;, b. the evil or misfortune that comes in or as if in response to such an appeal 2. one that is accursed 3. a source or cause of evil; a scourage 4. a profane word or phrase; a swearword curse benediction cursory [kә rsәri] a., : HASTY 1. rudely brief or abrupt, as in speech or manner 2. using few words; terse 3. having been shortened curt : words :: parsimonious : resource, money parsimonious ( ), excessively sparing or frugal curtail [kә rtéil] vt. : to cut short; abbreviate curtail : period :: enervate : energy curtail : duration :: abase : strength curtail protract, prolong custody n., ;, 1. the act or right of guarding, especially such a right granted by a court 2. care, supervision, and control exerted by one in charge 3. the state of being detained or held under guard, especially by the police cyclone [sáikloun] n. snow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone (?? :: A B) ( ) precipitation,, ; ; ;, cynical [sínikәl] a., : contemptuously distrustful of human nature and motives ingenue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulness (LACK) ingenue <æ nʒәnú:> / an artless, innocent girl or young woman curmudgeon [kәrmʌ dʒәn] n. : an ill-tempered person full of resentment and stubborn notions curmudgeon agreeable person curriculum [k rikjul m] n. curriculum : course :: menu : dish curry [kә ri, kʌŕi] n. ( ) curry favor, to seek or gain favor by fawning or flattery sycophant : curry :: surveyor : oversee (curry에 환심 의 뜻이 숙어에 만 있음) ( ) sycophant a servile self-seeker who attempts to wi favor by flattering influential people survey ;, oversee curse [k :rs] 1. a. an appeal or prayer for evil or misfortune to befall someone or something dabble [dǽbәl] vi. ; : to work or involve oneself superficially or intermittently especially in a secondary activity or interest dabbler : dedication :: martinet : leniency (LACK) leniency,, dabble : superficial :: (CHARACTER) dabble dedicate, devote, specialize dabbler specialist, dedicated professional D daft [dæft, dɑ ft] a., : SILLY, INSANE : mad, crazy; foolish, stupid daft : sane :: (OPPOSITE) daft judicious judicious, having or exhibiting sound judgment; prudent

daguerreotype [dәgɛ әrәtàip, -riә-] n. daguerreotype : photograph :: musket : firearm dais a raised platform, as in a lecture hall, for speakers or honored guests dais : honor :: stadium : compete dally [dǽli] vi. 1. to play amorously; flirt 2. to trifle; toy 3. to waste time dawdle dally : times :: squander : money dally : playful :: (CHARACTER) damn [dæm] v. ;, 1. to pronounce an adverse judgment upon 2. to bring about the failure of; ruin 3. to condemn as harmful, illegal, or immoral damn extol indulgent, dapper : fastidious :: (A << B) fastidious, dapper, natty frowzy, slovenly, unkempt frowzy, ; slovenly, ;, unkempt, dappled [dǽpәld] a., : spotted; mottled striated : groove :: mottled, dappled : spot striated daredevil [dɛ әrdèvәl] a., n. a recklessly bold person prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton sagacity, the quality of being discerning, sound in judgment, and farsighted; wisdom simpleton, daredevil : foolhardiness :: malcontent : dissatisfaction damp [dæmp] n. a. v.,, ( ) : MOISTURE, HUMIDITY, DAMPNESS malcontent, ( ) dissatisfied with existing conditions v. 1. to make damp or moist; moisten 2. to extinguish (a fire, for example) by cutting off air daredevil : audacity :: malcontent : dissatisfaction audacity,, 3. to restrain or check; discourage tint : suffuse :: damp : quench (A << B) dart [dɑ rt] v. tint v. n. ; ; suffuse, to spread through or over, as with liquid, color, or light quench ( ) ; ( ), : to move suddenly or rapidly descend : plummet :: move : dart (A << B) dart : missile :: skiff : boat (A B) skiff, q abase : prestige :: damp : ardor abase (, ), dated [deitid] adj. / ;, prestige, ;, damp amplify sere lush, damp sere, withered; dry 1. marked with or displaying a date 2. old-fashioned; out-of-date dated : currency :: spent : efficacy (LACK) efficacy power or capacity to produce a desired effect; effectiveness lush ; ; (profitable) damper ameliorator daunt [dɔ nt] v., : COW, SUBDUE ameliorate to make or become better; improve : to abate the courage of; discourage dauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachment dampen [dǽmpәn] v., (,, ) : DEADEN dauntless, ; incapable of being intimidated or discouraged 1. to make damp 2. to deaden, restrain, or depress 3. to soundproof dampen increase intensity, parch, scorch parch, ;, scorch, ; ;, trepidation,, ;, footloose, having no attachment or ties; free to do as one pleases dauntless : intimidate :: irrepressible : restrain irrepressible, difficult or impossible to control or restrain fearless : daunt :: impassive : perturb dander [dǽndәr] n. impassive, ; ; : temper or anger cowed undaunted cow, to frighten with threats or a show of force dandy[dǽndi] n. daunt embolden, make resolute, hearten miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine hoard,, a hidden fund or supply stored for future use; a cache preen ( ) ; ;, opine, to hold or state as an opinion daunting meek meek ; ; dauntless craven, easily discouraged, pusillanimous, trepid, timorous, coward, fearful craven, characterized by abject fear; cowardly pusillanimous, lacking courage; cowardly dank [dæŋk] a. : disagreeably damp or humid dank : moisture :: dappled : spot (A = B를 많이 가진 상태) dapper [dǽpәr] a. : NATTY : neat and trim in appearance 1. a. neatly dressed; trim b. very stylish in dress 2. lively and alert slovenly : dapper :: indulgent : adherent (OPPOSITE) slovenly, ;, dawdle [dɔ dl] v., 1. to take more time than necessary 2. to move aimlessly or lackadaisically lackadaisical <læ kәde izikәl> ;, ; dawdler : punctilious :: philistine : cultivated (OPPOSITE) punctilious,, hie dawdle hie, to go quickly; hasten

daze v., 1. to stun, as with a heavy blow or shock; stupefy 2. to dazzle, as with strong light dazzle [dǽzәl] v.. : to dim the vision of, especially to blind with intense light. deactivate [di ǽktәvèit] vt., : to make inactive or ineffective 1. to render inactive or ineffective 2. to inhibit, block, or disrupt the action of (an enzyme or other biological agent) 3. to remove from active military status deactivate potentiate potentiate ; ( ) deaden [dédn] vt. : BLUNT 1. to render less intense, sensitive, or vigorous 2. to make soundproof 3. to make less colorful or brilliant tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden analgesic deadpan [dedpæǹ] a. ; 1. a blank, expressionless face 2. a person, especially a performer, who has or assumes a blank expression deadpan : impassive :: impudent : brazen :: insightful : discerning impudent, ;,, debauchery [dibɔ tʃәri] n., : extreme indulgence in sensual pleasures; dissipation. debauchery ascetism debilitate [dibílәtèit] vt. : ENFEEBLE : to sap the strength or energy of; enervate attenuate : thickness :: debilitate : strength debilitate invigorate, fortify debonair [dèbәnɛ әr] : suave; urbane. : affable; genial. debonair <> awkward adj. debris [dәbrí, déibri / déb-] n.,, debris : destroy :: ash : burn debunk [di bʌ ŋk] v. ( ), : to expose the sham or falseness of debunk affirm, perpetuate to sham, unexposed, shroud, unexposure perpetuate, sham,,, ; ( ), shroud <ʃraud> ;, debut [deibjú, di-, déi- déb-] n. debut : career :: embark : journey embark, ; ( ), ( ) debut farewell performance dearth [dә rɵ] n., : LACK 1. a scarce supply; a lack 2. shortage of food; famine spate, copiousness, plethora dearth spate ;, a sudden flood, rush, or outpouring plethora, (overfullness) a superabundance; an excess debacle [deibɑ kl, -bǽkl, dә-] n.,, ;, 1. a sudden, disastrous collapse, downfall, or defeat; a rout 2. a total, often ludicrous failure 3. the breaking up of ice in a river 4. a violent flood rout, ;,, ; debacle complete success, eclat eclat, ; ;, debark [dib' :rk] v. : to unload, as from a ship or an airplane debark : ship :: unload : truck debase [dibéis] v. (, ) : to lower in character, quality, or value; degrade debase : value :: attenuate : force, intensity enervation : vitality :: debasement : value debase : status :: lower : height :: chill : temperature debase ennoble ennoble ; to make noble; to confer nobility upon debasement deification, elevation deify, decadence [dékәdәns, dikéidns] n., : a process, condition, or period of deterioration or decline, as in morals or art; decay decadence wholesomeness wholesome, ; decant [dikǽnt] vt. ( ) 1. to pour off (wine, for example) without disturbing the sediment 2. to pour (a liquid) from one container into another subterfuge : deceive :: decantation : pour (A << B) subterfuge, a deceptive stratagem or device decentralize [di séntrәlàiz] v. ( ) ; : to distribute the administrative functions or powers of (a central authority) among several local authorities decibel [désәbèl, -bәl] n. decibel : sound :: volt : electricity :: watt : power :: lumen : light :: lightyear : distance decipher [disáifәr] vt. 1. to read or interpret (ambiguous, obscure, or illegible matter) 2. to convert from a code or cipher to plain text; decode legible : decipher :: legible, decipher : hieroglyph :: separate : component :: break : code hieroglyph <háiәrәglìf> hieroglyphic <hàiәrәglífik>, debate [dib'eit] v. /, 1. to consider something; deliberate 2. to engage in argument by discussing opposing 3. to engage in a formal discussion or argument box : fight :: debate : argue (EQUAL, 명 : 동) box declamation [dekl 'ei : n] n. ; / 1. a recitation delivered as an exercise in rhetoric or elocution 2. a. vehement oratory b. a speech marked by strong feeling; a tirade declamation : grandiloquence :: diatribe : abuse grandiloquence,

decode [di kóud] vt. : to convert from code into plain text tacit : infer :: encoded : decode tacit, ;, taciturn, ; habitually untalkative indecipherable : decoded :: unmanageable : controlled decorum [dikɔ rәm] n., 1. appropriateness of behavior or conduct; propriety 2. the conventions of polite behavior 3. the appropriateness of an element of an artistic or literary work, such as style or tone, to its particular circumstance or to the composition as a whole miscalculation : judgment :: gaffe : decorum gaffe <gæf>, a clumsy social error; a blatant mistake or misjudgment decorum impropriety mangy, unseemly sleek, decorous mangy <me indʒi> ( ) ; ;, sleek, ; indecorous proper decrepit [dikrépit] adj., : weakened, worn out, impaired, or broken down by old age, illness, or hard use decrepit vigorous, sound, sturdy, robust, hale, firm decry v.,, 1. to condemn openly 2. to depreciate (currency, for example) by official proclamation or by rumor celebration : decry :: slight : show respect (OPPOSITE) dedication [dèdikéiʃәn] n., : a devoting or setting aside for a particular purpose bigot : dedication :: rage : anger (A >> B) bigot, zeal : dedication :: mesmerism : interest (A >> B) mesmerism <me zmәrìzәm>, a strong or spellbinding appeal; fascination dabble dedicate, devote default [difɔ lt], : a failure to pay financial debts default : pay :: yield : resist (OPPOSITE) default fulfill an obligation, pay one's debt defer [dif' :r] v. ;,, : to submit to another's wishes, opinion, or governance usually through deference or respect arrogant : defer :: defer : leader :: admire : hero arrogance : defer :: lassitude : stir (OPPOSITE) exigent deferrable exigent, deferential : offend :: scornful : respect intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend intransigent, uncompromising frugal : penurious :: deferential : obsequious (A << B) obsequious, full of or exhibiting servile compliance; fawning exemplary : imitation :: venerable : reverence exemplary, deferential : offend :: adamant : yield adamant, impervious to pleas, appeals, or reason; stubbornly unyielding impudent deferential, respectful impudent, ;, characterized by offensive boldness deferential contemptuous, imperious imperious, ; arrogantly domineering or overbearing; urgent, pressing overbearing,, deferrable [dif' :r b: l] adj. deferrable exigent exigent 1. requiring immediate action or remedy 2. requiring much effort or expense; demanding deficiency [difíʃәnsi] n., : SHORTAGE 1. the quality or condition of being deficient; incompleteness or inadequacy 2. a lack or shortage, especially of something essential to health; an insufficiency surfeit deficiency defile [difáil] v.,, n. / 1. a narrow gorge or pas that restricts lateral movement, as of troops 2. a march in a line precipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness precipice <pre sәpis>, ;, definitive [difínәtiv] adj. ; ;, 1. precisely defined or explicit 2. supplying or being a final settlement or decision; conclusive 3. authoritative and complete definitive provisional deflate [difléit] ; 1. a. to release contained air or gas from b. to collapse by releasing contained air or gas 2. to reduce or lessen the size or importance of puncture : deflated :: jar : unsettled jar n., v., ; (, ), defoliant [di( )fóuliәnt] n. defoliant : tree :: insecticide : insect deference [d'ef: r ns] n. ;, 1. submission or courteous yielding to the opinion, wishes, or judgment of another 2. courteous respect deference : authority :: emulation : exemplar reverent : deference :: exemplary : imitation deference contempt deferential [dèfәrénʃәl] a. : showing or expressing respect and esteem due a superior or an elder deforest v. ; afforest to cut down and clear away the trees or forests from deforestation : tree :: insecticide : insect defraud [difrɔ d] vt. : to deprive of something by deception or fraud; swindle deft [deft] a., : quick and skillful; adroit craven : admirable :: deft : awkward (OPPOSITE) craven, maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse :: expedite : foot-dragging (OPPOSITE) expedite, ; ( )

(dispatch) deft maladroit, clumsy, awkward, ham-handed, inept ham-handed ;, defuse [di( )fjú z] vt. ; (, ) : to make less harmful, potent, or tense defuse foment defy [difái] vt. ( ) : DARE 1. a. to oppose or resist wit boldness and assurance b. to refuse to submit to or cooperate with 2. to be unaffected by; resist or withstand 3. to challenge or dare (someone) to do something acquiesce, not challenge, obey defy dehydrate [di háidreit] vt., abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration dehydrate : water :: wither : vitality :: fade : brightness fatigue : rest, repose :: dehydration : water (A remove B) dehydration : moisture :: descent : altitude :: desertification : vegetation descent : altitude :: dehydrate : moisture (A lower B) descent ; ;, ;, ;, dehydration : moisture :: desertification : vegetation desertification vegetation ( ),, dehydrate : moisture :: attenuate : power dehydrate reconstitute, saturate, sature with water reconstitute,, deification [dì әfәkéiʃәn] n. deification debasement deify [d'i: f`ai] v. ; 1. to make a god of; raise to the condition of a god 2. to worship or revere as a god 3. to idealize; exalt deify speak/watch with contempt wholesome ;, deliberate [dilíbәrit]/ [dilíbәrèit] a. 1. done with or marked by full consciousness of the nature and effect; intentional 2. arising from or marked by careful consideration 3. unhurried in action, movement, or manner, as if trying to avoid error apophasis : claim :: caprice : deliberate brash : deliberation :: candor : subterfuge brash, ;, subterfuge a deceptive stratagem or device caprice : deliberation : impromptu : rehearsal hasty characterized by deliberation, deliberate impetuous deliberate impetuous, ;, delicacy [délikәsi] n.,, : FINENESS ingenuous : guile :: delicate : offense (A lack B, 형 : 명) ingenuous, ;, chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : delicacy (CHARACTER) chiaroscuro delicacy crudity crude ; (, ), ;, husky delicate husky ( ) ; ( ) hoarse or rough in quality delinquent [dilíŋkwәnt] a., ; 1. failing to do what law or duty requires 2. overdue in payment delirium [dilíriәm] n., 1. a temporary state of mental confusion and clouded consciousness resulting from high fever, intoxication, shock, or other causes 2. a state of uncontrolled excitement or emotion coma : unconsciousness :: delirium : confusion deject [didʒékt] vt. : to lower the spirits of; dishearten mollify : anger :: hearten : dejection dejected : embarrassment :: (A >> B) dejected exultant, gladden exultant, marked by great joy or jubilation; triumphant gladden <glæ dәn>, to make glad dejection exultation, gladness, jocundity jocular, 1. characterized by joking 2. given to joking delegation [dèligéiʃәn] n. ( ) : a person or group of persons officially elected or appointed to represent another or others delegation : represented :: (EQUAL, 명 : 형) delegate assume responsibility delectable adj., 1. greatly pleasing; delightful 2. greatly pleasing to the taste; delicious loathsome delectable deleterious [dèlәtíәriәs] a., : having a harmful effect; injurious deleterious salutary, salubrious, wholesome, beneficial salutary <sæ ljәtèri>, ; salubrious conducive or favorable to health or wellbeing delude [dilú d] vt., : DECEIVE, TRICK to deceive the mind or judgment of delusion : thought :: hallucination : perception hallucination, ;, deluge [délju dʒ] n. : a great flood; a heavy downpour; something that overwhelms as if by a great flood rain : deluge :: wind : hurricane (A << B) droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide (A << B) landslide, ; deluge drizzle drizzle, to rain gently in fine, mistlike drops delusive [dil'u:siv] adj., ; 1. tending to delude 2. having the nature of a delusion; false transparent delusive delve [delv] v., : to make a careful or detailed search for information quaff : sip :: delve : skim (A >> B) skim ( ) ; / scrutinize : gloss :: delve : skim scrutinize to examine or observe with great care; inspect critically gloss ;,

demagogue [démәgɔ g, -gɑ g / -gɔ g] n. demagogue : instruct :: shirk : malinger shirt (, ), to avoid or neglect (a duty or responsibility) 1. the shelter or retreat of a wild animal; a lair 2. a cave or hollow used as a refuge or hiding place 3. a hidden or squalid dwelling place 4. a secluded room for study or relaxation demanding adj. ; : requiring much effort or attention demanding : satisfactory :: closed-minded : sway (OPPOSITE) closed-minded intolerant of the beliefs and opinions of others; stubbornly unreceptive to new ideas demise [dimáiz] n., ( ) : DIE, DECEASE 1. a. death b. the end of existence or activity 2. (law) transfer of an estate by lease or will 3. the transfer of a ruler's authority by death or abdication appropriate demise appropriate a., v. (, ) ; ; / demography [dimɑǵrәfi / di mɔǵ-] n. demography : population :: meteorology : weather demolish v., (, ) 1. to tear down completely; raze 2. to do away with completely; put an end to 3. to damage (someone's reputation, for example) severely demolition [dèmәlíʃәn, dì -] n., ; recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition rehabilitate,, castigation : reproof :: glorification : merit (A >> B) demonstrable [démәnstrәbәl,/dimɑń-] a. ; castigate, to inflict severe punishment; to 1. capable of being demonstrated or proved criticize severely 2. obvious or apparent denounce condone, embrace demonstrable unable to prove, incapable to be approved condone ( ), demoralize [dimɔ rәlàiz] vt., : DISCOURAGE, DISPIRIT 1. to undermine the confidence or morale of; dishearten 2. to put into disorder; confuse 3. to debase the morals of; corrupt dispirit : morale :: enervate : strength dispirit to lower in or deprive of spirit; dishearten morale <mәræ l> demoralize invigorate, cheer demotic [dimɑ tik / -mɔ t-] a. : of or relating to the common people; popular demotic profound demur [dimә r] v., 1. to voice opposition; object 2. to delay demur : qualms, doubt :: waver : irresoluteness (A = B를 나타냄) qualm, ;, demur : objection :: praise : approbation demur accept, accede accede (, ), ; ( ),, demurrable [dimә rәbәl / -mʌŕ-] adj. supine <> vigilant/alert disprove demystify [di místәfài] vt., deny <> corroborate : to make less mysterious; clarify demystify obfuscate depart [dipɑ rt] vi. : LEAVE obfuscate, ;, abscond : depart :: pilfer : take :: lurk : wait :: purloin : appropriate pilfer, to steal (a small amount or item) den [den] n. ( ) ; ;( ) ; ( ) denigrate [dénigrèit] vt., : DEFAME 1. to attack the character or reputation of; speak ill of 2. to disparage; belittle denigrate exalt, honor exalt ( ) (elevate); / (glorify) denigration accolade denouement [deinú mɑ ŋ] n. (, ) 1. a. the final resolution or clarification of a dramatic or narrative plot b. the events following the climax of a drama or novel in which such a resolution or clarification takes place 2. the outcome of a sequence of events; the end result joke : punch line :: plot : denouement punch line (, ) the climax of a joke or humorous story denounce [dináuns] v. 1. to condemn openly as being evil or reprehensible 2. to accuse formally 3. to give formal announcement of the ending of (a treaty) admonish : denounce :: punish : pillory (A << B) pillory, ;, to expose to ridicule and abuse; to put a pillory as punishment admonish : denounce :: persuade : convince castigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial denunciation accolade, eulogy, panegyric denouncing bracing dent [dent] n. ; ; ( ) 1. a depression in a surface made by pressure or a blow 2. (informal) a significant, usually diminishing effect or impression dent convex denture [d'ent :r] n., denture : teeth :: toupee : hair toupee <tu:pe i> denude [dinjú d] v. : to divest of covering; make bare denude cover denunciation [dinʌǹsiéiʃәn, -ʃi-] n., 1. the act or an instance of denouncing, especially a public condemnation or censure 2. the act of accusing another of a crime before a public prosecutor castigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial castigation denunciation accolade, eulogy, panegyric accolade ;, deny [dinái] n. : controvert, dispute, refute, rebut, lurk, ;,

purloin <pә:rlɔ in> to steal, often in a violation of trust depict [dipíkt] vt., 1. to represent in a picture or sculpture 2. to represent in words, describe laud : deprecated :: (OPPOSITE) depreciation : value :: ossification : flexibility :: restrict : diameter deprecate extol, vaunt, tout, laud, endorse vaunt, to speak boastfully of tout ; deplete [diplí t] vt. : to decrease the fullness of; use up or empty out enrich deplete depletion richness depletive rich deplore [diplɔ r] vt. ;, ;, 1. to feel or express strong disapproval of 2. to express sorrow or grief over 3. to regret; bemoan deplore laud, rejoice, express accolade, extol, commend, applaud, approve, inspire commend ; to represent as worthy, qualified, desirable; to express approval of depressant : mood :: deploy [diplɔí] v., ; ( ) depressant ; tending to lower the rate of vital 1. a. to position (troops) in readiness for combat, as along a front or line b. to bring (forces or material) into action c. to base (a weapons system) in the field 2. to distribute (persons or forces) systematically or strategically 3. to put into use or action deploy concentrate deport [dip'o:rt] v. ; 1. to expel from a country 2. to behave or conduct (oneself) in a given manner; comport deportation : country :: eviction : dwelling :: expel : school deportation [dì pɔ rtéiʃәn] n. : the removal from a country of an alien whose presence is unlawful or prejudicial depose [dipóuz] vt. ( ) ; ( derelict ) [dérәlikt] a.,, n. : VAGRANT, BUM v. 1. a. to remove from office or power b. to dethrone 2. (law) a. to state or affirm in a deposition or by affidavit b. to take a deposition from 3. to put or lay down; deposit perjure depose perjure <p ә:rdʒәr> 1. deserted by an owner or keeper; abandoned 2. run-down; dilapidated 3. neglectful or duty or obligation; remiss stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected (OPPOSITE, 사람 : 형) poseur <pouz ә:r> derelict pillar of society, affection derelict extremely careful deposit [dèpәzit] n., ;,, ( ) v. 1. to put or set down; place deride [diráid] vt. 2. to lay down or leave behind by a natural process 3. a. to give over or entrust for safekeeping b. to put (money) in a bank or financial account 4. to give as partial payment or security deposit, deposition process of eroding : to speak of or treat with contemptuous mirth mirth, ; gladness and gaiety, especially when expressed by laughter patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery (EQUAL) condescension,, condescend ;... depravity [diprǽvәti] n., 1. moral corruption or degradation 2. a depraved act or condition doldrums : energy :: depravity : virtue doldrums, ;, deprecate [déprikèit] vt., : BELITTLE, DISPARAGE 1. to express disapproval of; deplore 2. to belittle; depreciate depreciate [diprí ʃièit] v. 1. to lessen the price or value of 2. to think or speak of as being of little worth; belittle fawn : hauteur :: self-depreciate : swagger hauteur <hout ә:r> ( ) haughtiness in bearing and attitude; arrogance swagger ;, imperious : fawn :: swaggering : self-depreciate depreciation : value :: ossification : flexibility (REMOVE) depress [diprés] vt., 1. to lower in spirits; deject 2. a. to cause to drop or sink; lower b. to press down 3. to lessen the activity or force of; weaken 4. to lower prices in (a stock market) physiological activities despondent : depressed :: expert : skilled (EQUAL, 형 : 형) protuberant depressed protuberant, ;, ; swelling outward; bulging deprivation [dèprәvéiʃәn] n., 1. a. the act or an instance of depriving; loss b. the condition of being deprived; privation 2. a removal of rank or office privation, ;, deprivation surfeit, fecundity fecundity,, deracinate [dirǽsәnèit] vt., : UPROOT 1. to pull out by the roots; uproot 2. to displace from one's native or accustomed environment deracinate plant apologize : regret :: gibe : derision (EXPRESS) pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless pontificate ; scoff, to mock at or treat with derision drawl to speak with lengthened or drawnout vowels bluster (, ) ; prate to talk idly and at length; chatter smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision smirk to smile in an affected, often offensively self-

satisfied manner smug, exhibiting or feeling great or offensive satisfaction with oneself or with one's situation sneer, ; gibe : derision :: condolence : sympathy :: apologize : regret condolence, ridicule : derision :: deride praise derision veneration derivative [dirívәtiv] a., ; : copied or adapted from others innovative, precursory, original derivative, sequela sequela <sikwí:lә> a secondary consequence or result derivative innovative, original, precursory, seminal seminal, ; of, relating, or having the power to originate; creative derogate v. (, ), ; 1. to take away; detract 2. to deviate from a standard or expectation; go astray accolade derogate derogatory [dirɑǵәtɔ ri / -rɔǵәtәri] a. ;, : DISPARAGING despondent [dispɑńdәnt / -spɔńd-] a., 1. disparaging; belittling 2. tending to detract or diminish DEJECTED despondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy (EQUAL) saturnine ;, ; descend [dis'end] v. ( ), ; ( ) despondent : depressed :: expert : skilled ;, descend : altitude :: dehydrate : moisture despondent sanguine, elated sanguine, ;, cheerfully confident; optimistic descendant [diséndәnt] n. forbears descendants despot n. desecrate [désikrèit] vt. : PROFANE : to treat disrespectfully, irreverently, or outrageously desecrate sanctify, revere, hallow sanctify ;, hallow ; cf. hollow, desert [dizә rt] v. : to withdraw from or leave usually without intent to return desiccate [désikèit] vt. : DEHYDRATE 1. to dry out thoroughly 2. to preserve (foods) by removing the moisture 3. to make dry, dull, or lifeless abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration caustic : eat away :: desiccant : dry desiccate : moisture :: detoxify : poison :: clear : dirt :: decelerate : velocity desiccation : moisture :: deceleration : velocity cleanse : dirt :: desiccant : moisture :: respite : labor :: offbeat : bathetic (OPPOSITE) respite a usually short interval of rest or relief offbeat ( ) ;, not conforming to an ordinary type or pattern bathos ;, desiccate add water to, drench, hydrate designate [dézignèit] v. 1. to indicate or specify; point out 2. to give a name or title to; characterize 3. to select and set aside for a duty, an office, or a purpose foreword : introductory :: appellation : designate appellation <æ pәle iʃәn>,,, despair [dispɛ әr] n. 1. to lose all hope 2. to be overcome by a sense of futility or defeat abandon : inhibition :: despair : hope abandon n. a complete surrender of inhibitions despicable [déspikәbәl, dispík-] a. : deserving of contempt or scorn; vile redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard redoubtable ; venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn despicable : valuable :: mulish : flexible despise venerate despise [disp'aiz] v.,, 1. to regard with contempt or scorn 2. to dislike intensely; loathe 3. to regard as unworthy of one's interest or concern despise venerate despondency n., : depression of spirits from loss of hope, confidence, or courage; dejection 1. a ruler with absolute power 2. a person who wields power oppressively; a tyrant despotic [desp' tik] adj., despotic : tyranny :: generous : liberality dessert [dizә rt] n. dessert : meal :: epilogue : play :: coda : sonata destitute [déstәtjù t] adj. : lacking resources or the means of subsistence; completely impoverished. See Synonyms at poor. destitute affluent desultory [désәltɔ ri / -tәri] a., ; 1. moving or jumping from one thing to another; disconnected 2. occurring haphazardly; random desultory : plan :: inadequate : sufficiency :: sluggish : industriousness :: languid : energy (LACK) languid, ;, desultory : plan :: facile : profundity (LACK) facile, ;, ;, desultory strictly methodical, carefully planned, assiduous assiduous ;, detach [ditǽtʃ] vt. 1. to separate or unfasten; disconnect 2. to remove from association or union with something 3. to send (troops or ships, for example) on a special mission tether detach tether <te ðәr>, to fasten or restrict with or as if with a tether detain [ditéin] v., ; 1. to keep from proceeding; delay or retard

2. to keep in custody or temporary confinement custody, ;, detain manumit manumit ( ) / to free from slavery or bondage; emancipate deter [ditә r] vt., : to prevent or discourage from acting, as by means of ear or doubt intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract intrepid, resolutely courageous; fearless rapt, ; deeply moved or delighted; deeply absorbed inducement deterrent inducement, ;, deter spur deterrent inducement, incentive deteriorate v., ( ), ( ) : to diminish or impair in quality, character, or value deterioration improvement, amelioration detestable [ditéstәbәl] a. : ABOMINABLE : inspiring or deserving abhorrence or scorn detour [dí tuәr, ditúәr], : to go or cause to go by a roundabout way 1. a roundabout way or course, especially a road used temporarily instead of a main route 2. a deviation from a direct course of action detour : route, path :: digress : topic digressive, rambling detoxify, detoxificatin : poison :: neutralization : acid detract [ditrǽkt] v. ( ) ; 1. to draw or take away; divert 2. (archaic) to speak ill of; belittle extol condemn, impugn, detract impugn, to attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument detritus [ditráitәs] n. : DEBRIS debris : destroy :: ash : burn detritus valuable mass, valuable product devastate v. ;, 1. to lay waste; destroy 2. to overwhelm; confound; stun spry devastated spry, deviation [dì viéiʃәn] n. ; ( ) : noticeable or marked departure from accepted norms of behavior devious [dí viәs] adj. : not straightforward; shifty devious <> straightforward/sincere devise [diváiz] vt. : INVENT : to form, plan, or arrange in the mind; design or contrive devoted [divóutid] a., 1. feeling or displaying strong affection or attachment; ardent 2. having been consecrated; dedicated consecrate ;, ; devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious (A << B) fastidious ; fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper (A = B한 사람) fanatic a person marked or motivated by an extreme, unreasoning enthusiasm prude elegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence dabble dedicate, devote dabble ; / devoutness impiety impiety ;, devout [diváut] a., ; 1. devoted to religion or to the fulfillment of religious obligations 2. displaying reverence or piety 3. sincere; earnest religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy orthodoxy ;, impiety devoutness impiety ;, dew [d:ju:] n., dew : condensation :: rust : corrosion dexterous [dékstәrәs] a., : CLEVER 1. skillful in the use of the hands 2. having mental skill or adroitness 3. done with dexterity dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict prescience, ; (foresight) knowledge of actions or events before they occur; foresight dexterous : awkward :: (OPPOSITE) dexterous clumsy diabolic [dɑìәbɑĺik / -bɔĺ-] a. ;, : DEVILISH 1. of, concerning, or characteristic of the devil; satanic 2. appropriate to a devil, especially in degree of wickedness or cruelty diabolization benediction diabolic seraphic, benefic, benevolent benefic, (beneficent) diagnose [dáiәgnòus, - -- ] v. : to recognize (as a disease) by signs and symptoms diagnose : treat :: proofread : correct (A 이후에 B를 행함) proofread to read (copy or proof) in order to find errors and mark corrections diaphanous [daiǽfәnәs] a., : INSUBSTANTIAL, ETHEREAL 1. of such fine texture as to be transparent or translucent 2. characterized by delicacy of form 3. vague or insubstantial diaphanous opaque, substantial, substantive, impermeable/impervious of light substantial ;, ;, ;, impervious ; diatribe [dáiәtràib] n. diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery burlesque,, lullaby : song :: diatribe : discourse discourse, ;,, declamation : grandiloquence :: diatribe : abuse declamation ; / grandiloquence, pompous or bombastic speech or expression

diatribe encomium, laudatory piece of writing didactic [daidǽktik] a. ; 1. intended to instruct 2. morally instructive 3. inclined to teach or moralize excessively didactic : teach :: hortatory, exhortative : urge :: comic : amuse :: fantastic : amaze hortatory, marked by exhortation or strong urging exhortative, acting or intended to encourage, incite, or advise die [dai] n., die : shaping :: drill : boring :: reel : winding diehard [dáihɑ rd] n. ; : one who strongly resist change a. stubbornly resisting change or clinging to a seemingly hopeless or outdated cause palter : candor :: budge : diehard (A lack B) palter budge ; ( ) to move or stir slightly; to alter a position or attitude diehard : budge :: vagary : predict dilapidate [dilǽpәdèit] v. ; : to bring or fall into a state of partial ruin, decay, or disrepair dilapidated restored, still in use dilate [dailéit, di-] vt. : DISTEND, WIDEN : to make wider or larger; cause to expand dilate contract, narrow dilatory [dílәtɔ ri / -tәri] a. : TARDY : intended to delay; tending to postpone or delay dilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complain procrastinate ; malcontent, dissatisfied with existing conditions alacrity dilatoriness, hesitance precipitate retard, dilatory dilettante [dìlәtɑ nt, -tǽnti] n. ; : DABBLER 1. a dabbler in an art or a field of knowledge 2. a lover of the fine arts; a connoisseur dilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequence (A lack B) nonentity / ; dilettante : superficiality :: partisan : bias (CHARACTER) diffident [dífidәnt] a., ;, diligent [dílәdʒәnt] a. : PAINSTAKING 1. lacking or marked by a lack of self-confidence; shy and timid 2. reserved in manner diffident brassy, brazen, nervy, bold, expansive diligent : effort :: deception : deceptive :: malign : ill-will (형 : 명) malign, to make evil, harmful, and often untrue statements about procrastination diligence procrastinate, ; diffuse [difjú z] v., ; ( ), dilute [dilú t, dai-] v. v. 1. to pour out and cause to spread freely 2. to spread about or scatter; disseminate 3. to make less brilliant; soften a. 1. widely spread or scattered; not concentrated 2. characterized by verbosity; wordy euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffuse diffuse concentrate diffuse condensed, pithy, succinct digit [dídʒit] n. ( ), fang : tooth :: finger 003A digit fang ( ), 1. to make thinner or less concentrated by adding a liquid such as water 2. to lessen the force, strength, purity, or brilliance of; especially by admixture slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength, concentration taut ; ( ), (tense); dilute concentrate dimension n. ;,,, congruent : dimension :: coeval : age measure : dimension : calibrate : diameter :: gauge : pressure :: plumb : depth dignity [dígnәti] n., 1. the quality or state of being worthy of esteem or respect 2. inherent nobility and worth 3. a. poise and self-respect b. stateliness and formality in manner and appearance 4. the respect and honor associated with an important position 5. a high office or rank digress [daigrés, di-] v. : to turn aside, especially from the main subject in writing or speaking; stray digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant excursive, ; reiterate ; to say or do again or repeatedly digress : topic, subject :: stray : group :: random : pattern :: aberrant : standard :: circuitous : route stray ( ), ( ) ; digress : topic :: veer : direction aside : digression :: summary : excerpt excerpt <e ksә:rpt>, diminish v., ;, 1. a. to make smaller or less or to cause to appear so b. to detract from the authority, reputation, or prestige of 2. to cause to taper diminish increase, escalate, estend din [din] n. : a jumble of loud, usually discordant sounds stench : nose :: din : ear stench, a strong, foul odor; a stink din hush, silence hush, dingus [díŋgәs] n. : DOODAD : an article whose name is unknown or forgotten doodad <dú:dæ d> an unnamed or nameless gadget or trinket trinket ; a small ornament, such as a piece of jewelry; a trivial thing dingy [díndʒi] a., : DIRTY, DISCOLORED 1. darkened with smoke and grime; dirty or discolored 2. shabby, drab, or squalid

dingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere disagreeable : hateful :: harmful : lethal (A << B) glisten, to shine by reflection with a sparkling lethal <lí:θәl>, luster disambiguate [dìsæmbígjuèit] v. diocesan [daiɑśәsәn / daiɔś-] a., : To establish a single grammatical or semantic interpretation for. diocesan ecumenical disambiguate <> speak equivocally ecumenical, ; ( ) disarm [disɑ rm, diz-] vi. ;, diocese [dáiәsis] n. the district or churches under the jurisdiction of a bishop; a bishopric diplomatic adj. ; : using or marked by tact and sensitivity in dealing with others diplomatic : tact :: genial : bonhomie bonhomie ;, diplomat : tact :: inventor : ingenuity dire [daiәr] a., ;, : DISMAL, OPPRESSIVE 1. warning of or having dreadful or terrible consequences; calamitous 2. urgent; desperate dire pleasant director n. ;, ; director : actor :: conductor : instrumentalist dirge [dә rdʒ] n. ; ( ) 1. (music) a. a funeral hymn or lament b. a slow, mournful musical composition 2. a mournful or elegiac poem or other literary work dirge : music :: elegy : poetry dirge : grief :: paean : praise dirge : solemn :: polemic : contentious disabuse [dìsәbjú z] v. : to free from a falsehood or misconception loose : confinement :: disabuse : misconception, fallacy :: cure : disease :: rehabilitate : addiction mislead, lead into error disabuse disaffected [dìsәféktid] a. : REBELLIOUS : resentful and rebellious, especially against authority disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction, commitment :: anxious : serenity conviction ;, ;, officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel officious ; meddle, ;, disaffect win over, mollify, content disaffect, to cause to lose affection or loyalty disaffected contented, beloved disaffection contentment disaggregate [disǽgrigèit] vt. : to divide into constituent parts disaggregate join together coalesce disaggregate coalesce,, disagreeable [dìsәgrí әbәl] a. ; : UNPLEASANT, OFFENSIVE 1. not to one's liking; unpleasant or offensive 2. having a quarrelsome, bad-tempered manner 1. a. to divest of a weapon or weapons b. to deprive of the means of attack or defense; render harmless 2. a. to overcome or allay the suspicion, hostility, or antagonism of b. to win the confidence of bait disarm, put on guard bait, ; to attack especially with persistent insults, criticism, or ridicule disarray v., ; 1. to throw into confusion; upset 2. to undress shipshape : disarray :: squalid : cleanliness (OPPOSITE) shipshape,, disavow [dìsәváu] vt. : REPUDIATE : to disclaim knowledge of, responsibility for, or association with disavow affirm disavowal admission, acknowledgement discard [diskɑ rd] vt., : to throw away; reject retain discard discerning [disә rniŋ, -zә rniŋ] a. : DISCRIMINATING : exhibiting keen insight and good judgment; perceptive palatable : savory :: discernable : manifest, obvious (EQUAL) palatable (savory);, manifest clearly apparent to the sight or understanding; obvious discern : acute :: believe : gullible (A << B) insight : discerning :: caprice : whimsical perspicacious : discerning :: ravishing : attractive perspicacious, ravish, myopic discerning myopic ;, discernment lack of insight acumen unable to discerning discharge [distʃɑ rdʒ] vt. ( ), ( ),, discharge hire disciple [dis'aip: l] n., ; 12 a. one who embraces and assists in spreading the teaching of another b. an active adherent, as of a movement or philosophy disciple : follow :: apologist : defend disclaim [diskléim] v., 1. to deny or renounce any claim to or connection with; disown 2. to deny the validity of; repudiate conversation : exchange :: disclaimer : denial (EQUAL) (명 : 명 :: 사 람 : 명 )

discography [diskɑǵrәfi / -kɔǵ-] n. list : discography :: tool : hoe (A B) hoe <hou> 3. a formal, lengthy discussion of a subject, either written or spoken lullaby : song :: diatribe : discourse (A B) discombobulate [dìskәmbɑ bjәlèit / -bɔ b-] v. ( ) discredit [diskr'edit] v., ;, ; to throw into a state of confusion discombobulated : order :: erratic : consistency discombobulate compose discomfit [diskʌḿfit] v., : DISCONCERT, THWART 1. to make uneasy or perplexed; disconcert 2. to thwart the plans of; frustrate discomfited : blush :: contemptuous : sneer (형 : 동) contemptuous,, manifesting or feeling contempt; scornful discomfit ingratiate, mollify ingratiate, discommode [dìskәmóud] v. : TROUBLE, DISOBLIGE : to cause inconvenience to; trouble discommode pacificate, ease, mollify, assist, oblige, inspire oblige, ; discommodity convenience discommoded inspired discompose [dìskәmpóuz] vt. 1. to disturb the composure or calm of 2. to put into a state of disorder discompose : pacific :: fabricate : authentic discompose : pacific :: engage : odious :: engage : tedious (A = B가 없음) odious,, arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure engage, ; ; discompose : pacific :: engage : tedious disturbing : composure :: tedious : energy (A break B ::??) ( ) discompose : placid :: fabricate : ingenuous (OPPOSITE) ingenuous ; discompose pacificate disconcert [d`isk ns' :rt] v. ; 1. to upset the self-possession of; ruffle 2. to frustrate (plans, for example) by throwing into disorder, disarrange disconcert placate disconsolate [diskɑńsәlit / -kɔń-] adj. : Seeming beyond consolation; extremely dejected disconsolate <> joyous discontent [d`isk nt'ent] n., ; 1. a. absence of contentment; dissatisfaction b. a restless longing for better circumstances 2. one who is discontented discontent conciliate discord [dískɔ rd] n., 1. a. lack of agreement among persons, groups, or things b. tension or strife resulting from a lack of agreement; dissension 2. a confused or harsh sound or mingling of sounds discord : sound :: anachronistic : time harmony discord discourse [dískɔ rs, -- ] n. 1. verbal expression in speech or writing 2. verbal exchange; conversation 1. to damage in reputation; disgrace 2. to cause to be doubted or distrusted 3. to refuse to believe invective : discredit :: exhortation : motivate invective, ;, exhortation, ;, discredit : reputation :: injure : well-being discreet n. /,, 1. marked by, exercising, or showing prudence and wise selfrestraint in speech and behavior; circumspect 2. free from ostentation or pretension; modest discrepancy [diskrépәnsi] n., 1. divergence or disagreement, as between facts or claims; difference 2. an instance of divergence or disagreement discrepancy convergence, concord, consonance discrepant consonant discrete [diskr'i:t] adj.,,, ;, 1. constituting a separate thing; distinct 2. consisting of unconnected distinct parts discrete : overlap :: infinite : exhaust (A = B하지 않는) discrete continuous discretion [diskréʃәn] n., 1. the quality of being discreet; circumspection 2. ability or power to decide responsibly 3. freedom to act or judge on one's own discretion : prudence :: piousness : devotion (EQUAL) pious, (religious, devout); ; brash : discretion :: frivolous : gravity frivolous, ;, foolish : discretion :: impecunious : money impecunious, lacking money; penniless overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention (A = B를 무시) judiciousness indiscretion judicious,, having or exhibiting sound judgment; prudent discretionary[diskréʃәnèri / -әri] a., 1. left or regulated by one's own discretion or judgment 2. available for use as needed or desired discretionary obligatory, mandatory, preordained preordain <prì:ɔ:rde in>, discriminate [diskrímәnèit] v. ; 1. a. to make a clear distinction; distinguish b. to make sensible decisions; judge wisely 2. to make distinctions on the basis of class or category without regard to individual merit; show preference or prejudice epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watching epicure, ; liken : similarity :: discriminate : difference sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating sentinel <se ntәnәl>, equitable discriminatory, unfair equitable marked by or having equity; just and impartial discursive [diskә rsiv] a., : RAMBLING 1. covering a wide field of subjects; rambling

2. proceeding to a conclusion through reason rather than intuition discursive keen on title, succinct, concentrated disdain [disdéin] n. : SCORN 1. to regard or treat with haughty contempt; despise 2. to consider or reject as beneath oneself contemptible : disdain :: hilarious : laugh snub : disdain :: double-cross : disloyalty snub, ;, double-cross to betray by acting in contradiction to a prior agreement adulation, treat favorably disdain adulation excessive flattery or admiration 1. to go ashore from a ship 2. to leave a vehicle or aircraft disembark : ship :: dismount : horse debark : ship :: unload : truck disembarrass to free from something bothersome or encumbering; relive disembarrass: engagement :: (OPPOSITE) disembody [d`isimb' di] 1. to free (the soul or spirit) from the body 2. to divest of material existence or substance disembodied corporeal disengage [dìsengéidʒ] vt. 1. to release from something that holds fast, connects, or entangles 2. to release (oneself) from an engagement, pledge, or obligation disengage mesh mesh, ; 2. to offend the taste or moral sense of; repel blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting (EQUAL) blatant, odious,, arousing strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure odious : disgust :: menacing : fear scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection :: hurl : disgust scowl <skaul> hurl, ; ( ) to utter vehemently entrancing disappoint, disgust, repel, repulse, bore entrancing, dishevel [diʃévl] vt., 1. a. to loosen and let fall (hair or clothing) in disarray b. to disembark [dìsembɑ rk] v., ; disarrange the hair or clothing of = debark 2. to throw into disorder disimpassioned [d`isimp'æ nd] adj., disimpassioned responsive disimpassion embarrassment v. ( ), ; ; disinclination [dìsinklinéiʃәn, -- -- -] n., ( ) : a lack of inclination; a mild aversion or reluctance aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration (A >> B) aversion : inclination :: (OPPOSITE) leaning, proclivity, bent disinclination loquacity disinclination to speak disinfect [dìsinfékt] vt., oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect aseptic : disinfection :: anesthetic : numbness disinfect contaminate disinter [d`isint' :r] v., ; 1. to dig up or remove from a grave or tomb; exhume 2. to bring to public notice; disclose exhume, ;, disinter bury disentangle [d`isint'æŋgl] v. ; 1. to extricate from entanglement or involvement; free 2. to clear up or resolve (a plot, for example) disentangle snarl disgorge [disgɔ rdʒ] v. ; : VOMIT 1. to bring up and expel from the throat or stomach; vomit 2. to discharge violently; spew 3. to surrender (stolen gods or money, for example) unwillingly disgorge ingest, swallow disgruntle [disgrʌńtl] vt., : to make ill-humored or discontented disgruntle refresh disgruntled contented, rapturous rapturous filled with great joy or rapture; ecstatic disguise [disgáiz] vi., 1. a. to modify the manner or appearance of in order to prevent recognition b. to furnish with a disguise 2. to conceal or obscure by dissemblance or false show; misrepresent padding : damage :: disguise : recognition disguise : alter :: cloak : warm (명 : 동) disguise : identification :: camouflage : detection disgust [disgʌśt] n. v. : REPUGNANCE 1. to excite nausea or loathing in; sicken disinterested [disíntәristid, -rèst-] a., : UNBIASED 1. free of bias and self-interest; impartial 2. a. not interested; indifferent b. having lost interest factional disinterested disinterested : partisanship :: venal : probity venal, ;, inequity disinterestedness inequity, injustice; unfairness factional disinterested disjointed [disdʒɔíntid] adj., ;, 1. separated at the joints 2. out of joint; dislocated 3. lacking order or coherence disjointed : coherence :: banal : originality disjointed orderly, consistent disjunctive [disdʒʌ ŋktiv] a. : serving to separate or divide nominal : significance :: disjunctive : unity nominal, dislodge [dislɑ dʒ / -lɔ dʒ] : to remove or force out from a position or dwelling previously occupied ensconce dislodge ensconce <inskáns>, ; ( ),

dismantle [dismǽntl] vt., ( ) 1. a. to take apart; disassemble; tear down b. to put an end to in a gradual systematic way 2. to strip of furnishings or equipment 3. to strip of covering or clothing dismantle : wholeness :: dismantle : united :: adulterate : pristine disquiet [diskwáiәt] v. : DISTURB, ALARM dismay [disméi] v.,, : to deprive of peace or rest; trouble disquiet put at ease 1. to destroy the courage or resolution of by exciting dread or apprehension 2. to cause to lose enthusiasm; disillusion disregard [d`isrig' :rd] v., ;, 3. to upset or alarm dismay hearten 1. to pay no attention or heed to; ignore 2. to treat without proper respect or attentiveness flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge (A >> B) dismiss [dismís] vt.,, flout,, 1. to end the employment or service of; discharge 2. to direct or allow to leave taunt, disregard nurture 3. a. to stop considering; rid one's mind of; dispel b. to refuse to accept or recognize; reject 4. (law) to put (a claim or action) out of court without further hearing dismiss sanction disrupt [disrʌṕt] vt. disparate [díspәrit, dispǽr-] a. : fundamentally distinct or different in kind; entirely dissimilar disparate similar, analogous, like, alike, homogeneous dispassionate [dispǽʃәnit] a., : devoid of or unaffected by passion, emotion, or bias dispassionate partial, biased dispassionate responsive dispatch [dispǽtʃ] n. v. ; 1. to relegate to a specific destination or send on specific business 2. a. to complete, transact, or dispose of promptly b. to eat up (food); finish off (a dish or meal) 3. to put to death summarily relegate ; (, ), ; dispatch leisureliness garner,, disposal [dispóuzәl] n., ;,, nucleate ; recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition (OPPOSITE) rehabilitate,, / dissension [disénʃәn] n.,, disposed disinclined dispute [dispj'u:t] 1. to argue about; debate 2. to question the truth or validity of; doubt 3. to strive to win (a prize, for example); contest for 4. to strive against; resist dispute accept 1. to throw into confusion or disorder 2. to interrupt or impede the progress, movement, or procedure of 3. to break or burst; rupture disparage [dispǽridʒ] v., ;, : saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend DECRY 1. to speak of in a slighting way; belittle saboteur / apologist, 2. to reduce in esteem or rank epithet : disparage :: alias : mislead dissect [disékt, dai-] v. ;, epithet (, ) ; ( ) scorn : reject :: disparage : ignore (A >> B) adulate : flatter (EQUAL) disparage aggrandize, champion, extol, kudos, revere, adulate 1. to cut apart or separate (tissue), especially for anatomical study 2. to examine, analyze, or criticize in minute detail specimen : dissect :: sentence : parse specimen, ;, kudos <kjú:das>,, disparagement champion dissemble [disémbәl] v., : SIMULATE 1. to disguise or conceal behind a false appearance 2. to make a false show of; feign dissemble : honesty :: snub : politeness snub to ignore or behave coldly toward; slight dissemble : information :: masquerade : feeling masquerade ; ; ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub ingenuous,, ;, raffish, ;, preen ( ) (trim);, dissemble behave honestly dissembling candid disseminate [disémәnèit] vt., ; ( ), 1. to scatter widely, as in sowing seed 2. to spread abroad; promulgate promulgate, ; disseminate : information :: foment : discontentment disseminate garner, nucleate : difference of opinion; disagreement concord dissension disposed [dispóuzd] adj. : To put into a willing or receptive frame of mind; incline. See Synonyms at incline. disposed disinclined dissent [disént] v. 1. to differ in opinion or feeling 2. to withhold assent or approval

dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group dissent conform, consent dissertation [dìsәrtéiʃәn] n., ( ) : a lengthy, formal treatise, especially one written by a candidate for the doctoral degree at a university; a thesis dissimulate v. ( ) ;... : to disguise (one's intentions, for example) under a feigned appearance dissipate [dísәpèit] v. ( ), 1. to drive away; disperse 2. to attenuate to or almost to the point of disappearing 3. a. to spend or expend intemperately or wastefully; squander b. to use up, especially recklessly; exhaust 4. to cause to lose (energy, such as heat) irreversibly husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate (OPPOSITE) husbandry,, ;, procrastinate, dissipation : temperate :: fecundity : sterile (OPPOSITE) dissipate : stir :: dissipate accumulate, gather, amass dissociate [disóuʃièit] v., : to separate from association or union with another; separate affiliation dissociation affiliation, ;, dissolute [dísәlù t] a., : lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual pleasures or vices libertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequious ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine :: humorous : wag ludicrous, ; buffoon, wag (, ) ;, voluble : speech :: licentious : dissoluteness voluble, marked by a ready flow of speech; fluent licentious <laise nʃәs>, dissolve [dizɑĺv / -zɔĺv] v. clot : dissolved :: crowd : dispersed coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve :: caustic : burn coagulant ; dissolve : insoluble :: bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant consolidate, coagulate dissolve dissonance [dísәnәns] n., 1. a harsh, disagreeable combination of sounds; discord 2. lack of agreement, consistency, or harmony; conflict dissonance concord inexorable : dissuasion : indomitable : conquest inexorable, ;, dissuade abet, enhance distain [d`ist'ein] v., distain treat favorably distal [dístәl] adj., / 1. anatomically located far from a point of reference, such as an origin or a point of attachment 2. situated farthest from the middle and front of the jaw, as a tooth or tooth surface distal proximal proximal ; distemper [distémpәr] n., a. An infectious viral disease occurring in dogs, characterized by loss of appetite, a catarrhal discharge from the eyes and nose, vomiting, fever, lethargy, partial paralysis caused by destruction of myelinated nerve tissue, and sometimes death. Also called canine distemper. b. A similar viral disease of cats characterized by fever, vomiting, diarrhea leading to dehydration, and sometimes death. Also called feline distemper, panleukopenia. distend [dist'end] v., to swell out or expand from or as if from internal pressure distend constrict, condense, deflate distention compression distill [distil] v., distill : pure :: liquefy : fluid distill : purity :: leaven : volume distillation [dìstәléiʃәn] n. ( );, : the process of purifying a liquid by successive evaporation and condensation synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity distill : purity :: leaven : volume distillate [d'ist l`eit] n. 1. a liquid condensed from vapor in distillation 2. a purified form; an essence synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity leaven, ; distinction [distíŋkʃәn] n., nuance : distinction :: hint : suggestion (A << B) nuance, nebulous distinct nebulous ;, ;, repute lack of distinction repute, ;, distinct undifferentiated, undifferential dissonant ( ), ;, distinguished [distíŋgwiʃt] a. ;, 1. harsh and inharmonious in sound; discordant 2. being at variance; disagreeing 3. (music) constituting or producing a dissonance 1. characterized by excellence or distinction; eminent 2. dignified in conduct or appearance eminent undistinguished eminent, ;, dissuade [diswéid] vt. : to deter from a course of action or a purpose by distort [distɔ rt] vt. persuasion or exhortation remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreaty ( ) (?? : EQUAL) protest, ; / remonstrance : dissuade :: reprehension : censure (명 : 동) 1. to twist out of a proper or natural relation of parts; misshape 2. to give a false or misleading account of; misrepresent 3. to cause to work in a twisted or disorderly manner; pervert brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature remonstrance, ;,, resolute : dissuade :: obstreperous : control distract [distrǽkt] vt. obstreperous, ;, 1. to cause to turn away from the original focus of attention

or interest; divert 2. to pull in conflicting emotional directions; unsettle intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract intrepid, resolutely courageous; fearless deter ; to prevent or discourage from acting, as by means of fear or doubt rapt, ; rapt distracted distraught [distrɔ t] a., 1. deeply agitated, as from emotion conflict 2. mad; insane troubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious (A << B) covetous, ; rapacious, ;, distraught composed ditch [ditʃ] n. ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern burrow (, ) ;, cavern ditty [díti] n. : a simple song fable : tale :: ditty : song (A B) ditty : oratorio :: anecdote : novel diurnal [daiә rnәl] a., ; 1. relating to or occurring in a 24-hour period; daily 2. occurring or active during the daytime rather than at night 3. (botany) opening during daylight hours and closing at night diurnal nocturnal, chiefly active at night 1. to go or extend in different directions from a common point; branch out 2. to differ, as in opinion or manner 3. to depart from a set course or norm; deviate ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent diverge : apart :: traverse : across :: involve : among traverse, ; diverge come together confluence, unification divergence confluence ( ) ;, ; diversity [div' :rs ti] n., ( ) 1. a. the fact or quality of being diverse; difference b. a point or respect in which things differ 2. variety or multiformity diversity uniformity divert [divә rt, dai-] vt. : DEFLECT 1. to turn aside from a course or direction 2. to distract 3. to entertain by distracting the attention from worrisome thoughts or cares; amuse divert : shunt :: retard : brake shunt, the act or process of turning aside or moving to an alternate course cf. shun to avoid deliberately divestiture acquisition divest endow divulge [divʌĺdʒ, dai-] vt., : to make known (something private or secret) divulge conceal, keep secret docile [d' s: l] adj., 1. ready and willing to be taught; teachable 2. yielding to supervision, direction, or management; tractable docile tenacious docility tenacity, tenaciousness doctrine [dɑḱtrin / dɔḱ-] n., : DOGMA doctrine : heretical, heterodox :: course : errant heretical,, heterodox orthodox dodder [dɑ dәr / dɔ d-] vi., 1. to shake or tremble, as from old age; totter 2. to progress in a feeble, unsteady manner dodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly cavort ( ) ; dodge v., ;, 1. to avoid (a blow, for example) by moving or shifting quickly aside 2. to evade (an obligation, for example) by cunning, trickery, or deceit dodge : blow :: escape : capture doff [dɑf, dɔ( )f] vt. : to take off; remove doff don diverge [divә rdʒ, dai-] vi., ; ; dogged [dɔ ( )gid, dɑǵ-] a., : stubbornly persevering; tenacious; marked by stubborn determination dogged yielded, easily discouraged doggerel [dɔ ( )gәrәl, dɑǵ-] n., : crudely or irregularly fashioned verse, often of a humorous or burlesque nature doggerel : verse, poem :: burlesque : play :: sketch : drawing :: potboiler : article, novel burlesque,, potboiler ( ) doggo [dɔ ( )gou, dɑǵ-] ad. : in hiding doggo : instability :: ( ) dogma [dɔ ( )gmә, dɑǵ-] n., 1. (theology) a doctrine or a corpus of doctrines relating to matters such as morality and faith, set forth in an authoritative manner by a church 2. an authoritative principle, belief, or statement of ideas or opinion, especially one considered to be absolutely true 3. a principle or belief or a group of them dogma : iconoclast :: convention : maverick (B break A) dogma heresy heresy,, divest [div'est] 1. to strip, as of clothes ( ) 2. a. to deprive, as of right or property; dispossess b. to free of; rid, doldrums [dóuldrәmz, dɑĺ-, dɔ ( )l-] n. ;, ;, 1. a. a period of stagnation or slump b. a period of depression or unhappy listlessness 2.

a. a region of the ocean near the equator, characterized by calms, light winds, or squalls b. the weather conditions characteristic of these regions of the ocean doldrums : energy :: depravity : virtue (LACK) depravity, moral corruption or degradation; a depraved act or condition doleful adj. ; 1. filled with or expressing grief; mournful 2. causing grief doleful joyful dolorous [dɑĺәrәs, dóulә- / dɔĺә-] a., : marked by or exhibiting sorrow, grief, or pain dolorous jubilant, jovial, happy dolt [doult] n. wag : humorous :: dolt : stupid (CHARACTER) domicile n., ; : 1. a residence; a home 2. one's legal residence nomad : domicile :: freelance : employer nomad ; domination [dɑ mәnéiʃәn / dɔ m-] n. a. mastery or supremacy over another or others b. the exercise of such mastery or supremacy supremacy, ;, ;, gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination chicanery ; deception by trickery or sophistry; a subterfuge impervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued (OPPOSITE) impervious ; ; inexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : conquest inexorable, ;, dominant recessive recessive, / ; domineering [dɑ mәníәriŋ / dɔ mәníәr-] a.,, : tending to domineer; overbearing don [dɑn / dɔn],, 1. to put on (clothing) 2. to assume or take on doff don donor [dóunәr] n. legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor predecessor, ; doze : sleep :: nudge : prod (A << B) doodle [dú dl] v. ; nudge, 1. to scribble aimlessly, especially when preoccupied prod, ;, 2. to kill time draw : doodle :: travel : ramble :: walk : amble drab [dræb] a. ;, ; dormant amble ( ) ; / (stroll) to walk slowly or leisurely; stroll [d'o:rm nt] adj., ;, 1. lying asleep or as if asleep; inactive 2. latent but capable of being activated 3. temporarily quiescent 4. in a condition of biological rest or inactivity characterized by cessation of growth or development and the suspension of many metabolic processes dormant : inactivity :: malleable : plasticity dormancy activity dose [dous] n. 1 v. (medicine) a. a specified quantity of a therapeutic agent, such as a drug or medicine, prescribed to be taken at one time or at stated intervals b. the amount of radiation administered as therapy to a given site dose : medicine :: ration : food dose : medicine :: sentence : punishment dote [dout] : to show excessive love or fondness upbraid : reproach :: dote : like (A >> B) upbraid <ʌpbre id> ; to reprove sharply; reproach dour [duәr, dauәr] a. ; : STERN, HARSH 1. marked by sternness or harshness; forbidding 2. silently ill-humored; gloomy 3. sternly obstinate; unyielding dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness genial, ;, bumptious, crudely or loudly assertive; pushy dour : tractable :: bumptious : humble dour congenial, genial, jocund, voluble voluble, ; marked by a ready flow of speech; fluent dove [d v] n. ;,, ;, 1. a gentle, innocent person 2. a person who advocates peace, conciliation, or negotiation in preference to confrontation or armed conflict dove warmonger, jingoist downpour [daunpɔ r] n. : a heavy fall of rain downpour : flooding :: wind : erosion (erosion은 바람, 물, 파도 등의 모든 작용을 포함함) ( ) cf. weathering ( ) any of the chemical or mechanical processes by which rocks exposed to the weather undergo changes in character and break down doyen [dɔíәn] n., : a man who is the eldest or senior member of a group eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated (OPPOSITE) uninitiated not knowledgeable or skilled; inexperienced doze [douz] v. : to sleep lightly and intermittently 1. (color) a. of a dull light brown b. of a light olive brown or khaki color 2. faded and dull in appearance 3. dull or commonplace in character; dreary drab : cheer :: simple : profundity (OPPOSITE) draconian [dreikóuniәn] a., : CRUEL, SEVERE : exceedingly harsh; very severe draconian : inclemency :: fretful : vexation inclement, ; stormy; unmerciful fretful, palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity palmy, prosperous; flourishing

draconian indulgent, mild, lenient, genial indulgent, = lenient lenient, inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous, or indulgent draw [drɔ ] v. (,, ) draw : penchant :: penchant, ;, a definite liking; a strong inclination drawl [drɔ l] v. : to speak with lengthened or drawn-out vowels inch : move :: drawl : speak :: lope : run (A << B) inch to move or cause to move slowly or by small degrees lope ( ) ; ( ) pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless scoff,, to mock at or treat with derision bluster ; prate to talk idly and at length; chatter drawl : slow :: deaden : impassive (CHARACTER) dreary [dríәri] a. : GLOOMY, DISMAL 1. dismal; bleak 2. boring; dull jocund dreary jocund, sprightly and lighthearted in disposition, character, or quality drench v., (steep) 1. to wet through and through; soak 2. to administer a large oral dose of liquid medicine to (an animal) 3. to provide with something in great abundance; surfeit drenched : wet :: antithetic : different (A >> B) antithetic ( ) 1. to make a continuous low dull humming sound 2. to speak in a monotonous tone 3. to pass or act in a monotonous way hiss : sibilant :: drone : monotonous :: stammer : halting (CHARACTER) sibilant ; drone speak animatedly droop v. ; ( ) ; 1. to bend or hang downward 2. to bend or sag gradually 3. to sag in dejection or exhaustion sag, ;, drop cloth n. ( ) a sheet, as of cloth or plastic, for protection against spills or dripping, used especially by painters drop cloth : floor :: apron : clothing droplet [drɑplit / drɔplit] n. : a tiny drop droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide drudgery [drʌ dʒәri] n. : tedious, menial, or unpleasant work drudgery rewarding work rewarding, ; dryad [dráiәd, -æd] n. / : WOOD NYMPH dubious [djú biәs] a. 1. fraught with uncertainty or doubt; undecided 2. arousing doubt; doubtful 3. of questionable character disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction, commitment disaffected ( ), ; conviction ;, ;, dubious certain indubitable questionable ductile [dʌḱtil] ;, ; 1. easily drawn into wire or hammered thin 2. easily molded or shaped 3. capable of being readily persuaded or influenced; tractable ductility : malleable :: toxicity : poisonous dulcet [dʌĺsit] a. MELODIOUS a. pleasing to the ear; melodious b. having a soothing, agreeable quality drift [drift] n., cacophonous dulcet, euphonious off-key dulcet drivel [drívәl] vi. ; off-key ;, ; 1. to allow to flow from the mouth 2. to say (something) stupidly dull [dʌl] a., nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast exaggerated : hyperbole :: nonsensical : drivel tarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth tarnish, ; ( ), vitrify to change or make into glass or a glassy drizzle [drízl] n. substance : to rain gently in fine, mistlike drops deluge drizzle brilliance dullness resplendent, perspicuous dull resplendent,, splendid or dazzling in droll [droul] a. appearance; brilliant : having a humorous, whimsical, or odd quality grisly : flinch :: droll : laugh grisly, inspiring repugnance flinch (, ) / ; perspicuous, clearly expressed or presented; easy to understand trenchant vague, dull trenchant, ;, ;, droll grave, serious, somber dullard [dʌĺәrd] n. drone [droun] v., ; : a person regarded as mentally dull; a dolt dullard wit (사람) dune (sand hill) sand : dune :: word : sentence dupe [dju p] n., : FOOL 1. an easily deceived person 2. a person who functions as the tool of another person or power reverent : idolater :: trusting : dupe idolater ; ( ) callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicity (EQUAL, 형 : 명 ::??) ( ) duplicity,

perspicacity : dupe :: rectitude : corruptionist perspicacity, (penetration) acuteness of perception, discernment, or understanding credulous : dupe :: insensitive : boor dupe : duplicity :: callous : impassive (?? : EQUAL) ( ) duplicity n., 1. a. deliberate deceptiveness in behavior or speech b. an instance of deliberate deceptiveness; double-dealing 2. the quality or state of being twofold or double durable adj., 1. capable of withstanding wear and tear or decay 2. lasting; stable flaccidity : firmness :: durable : weariness (OPPOSITE) weary, ;, dwelling [dwéliŋ] n. : a place to live in deportation : country :: eviction : dwelling deportation potable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling potable habitable, suitable to live in or on; inhabitable dwindle [dw'indl] v., ;, : to become gradually less until little remains dwindle : decrease :: crawl : proceed (A << B) dwindle increase dynamo [dáinәmòu] n. ; : an extremely energetic and forceful person dynamo : retard :: (OPPOSITE) dyspepsia n. : disturbed digestion; indigestion dyspeptic [dispéptik] a. ; 1. relating to or having dyspepsia 2. of or displaying a morose disposition genial dyspeptic dyslexia n., (word blindness) a learning disorder marked by impairment of the ability to recognize and comprehend written words dyslexia : read :: insomnia : sleep eaglet [í glit] n. : a young eagle eaglet : bird :: fawn : mammal fawn ;,, E earmark [íәrmɑ rk] v. ( ) ; (, ) 1. to reserve or set aside for a particular purpose 2. to place an identifying or distinctive mark on 3. to mark the ear of (a domestic animal) for identification earmark : funds :: schedule : time earnest [ә rnist] a. 1. marked by or showing deep sincerity or seriousness 2. of an important or weighty nature; grave facetious earnest facetious <fәsí:ʃәs>, ; playfully jocular; humorous earplug [iәrplʌ g] n. earplug : noise :: shield : impact earshot [íәrʃɑ t / - ʃɔ t] n. : hearing distance earshot : hear :: ken : see ken ;, perception, understanding; range of vision earsplitting [iәrsplìtiŋ] a. : loud and shrill enough to hurt the ears earsplitting : loud :: heartrending : sad heartrending, earsplitting : voice :: earthshaking [ә rɵʃèikiŋ] a. : MOMENTOUS, CONSEQUENTIAL : of great consequence or importance earthshaking trivial, inconsequential easel ['i:z: l] n. easel : canvas :: tripod : camera eavesdrop [i vzdrɑ p / i vzdrɔ p] v., : to listen secretly to the private conversation of others hear : eavesdrop :: follow : shadow eavesdrop : listen :: collude : cooperate listener : eavesdropper :: observer : spy ebullience [ibúljәns, -bʌĺ-] n. : EXUBERANCE : zestful enthusiasm ebullience calm restraint, impassiveness, lifelessness, torpor ebullient [ib' lj nt] adj. ; 1. zestfully enthusiastic 2. boiling or seeming to boil; bubbling ebullient torpid, tepid torpid, ; tepid ; eccentric [ikséntrik, ek-] n. a. 1. departing from a recognized, conventional, or established norm or pattern 2. deviating from a circular form or path, as in elliptical orbit 3. a. not situated at or in the geometric center b. having the axis located elsewhere than at the geometric center hero : admirable :: eccentric : unconventional eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated doyen,, uninitiated not knowledgeable or skilled; inexperienced eccentric ordinary echelon [éʃәlɑǹ / -lɔǹ] n. (, ), ; (, ), a level of responsibility or authority in a hierarchy; a rank echelon : hierarchy :: (A는 B의 한 단계) eclat [eiklɑ, - -] n. ;, 1. great brilliance, as of performance or achievement 2. conspicuous success 3. great acclamation or applause eclat fiasco eclectic [ekléktik] a. ; 1. selecting what appears to be best in various doctrines, methods, or styles

2. made up of combining elements from a variety of sources eclipse [iklíps] n. ( ) ( ); 1. a fall into obscurity or disuse; a decline b. a disgraceful of humiliating end; a downfall eclipse : prestige :: enervation : vigor prestige, ;, eclipse : prestige :: enfeeble : vigor (동 : 명) eclipse make distinctive, make more prominent, prestige prestige, ; ; ecstatic [ekstǽtik] a. ; 1. marked by or expressing ecstasy 2. being in a state of ecstasy; enraptured pleasure : ecstasy :: surprise : astonishment (A << B) astonishment great surprise or amazement ecstatic preserved ecstasy self-control ecumenical [èkjuménikәl / ì k-] a., 1. of worldwide scope or applicability; universal 2. a. of or relating to the worldwide Christian church b. concerned with establishing or promoting unity among churches or religions ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity diocesan, parochial ecumenical parochial <pәróukiәl> ;, diocesan <daiásisәn> of or relating to a diocese ecumenical circumscribed, provincial, insular, factional ecumenism factionalism insular ;, eddy [édi] n., ; 1. a current, as of water or air, moving contrary to the direction of the main current, especially in a circular motion 2. a drift or tendency that is counter to or separate from a main current, as of opinion, tradition, or history stream : eddy :: trend : anomaly anomaly, ;, edible ['ed b: l] adj. ; fit to be eaten edible : eat :: potable : drink edifice [édәfis] n. 1. a building, especially one of imposing appearance or size 2. an elaborate conceptual structure tower : edifice :: rampart : barrier rampart, ; ;, barrier,, ; buttress : edifice :: splint : limb buttress ;, blueprint : edifice :: syllabus : course efface [iféis] v., ; 1. to rub or wipe out; erase 2. to make indistinct as if by rubbing 3. to conduct (oneself) inconspicuously alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface (OPPOSITE) alliterate, blazon, efface aggrandize, blazon, emboss efface bring to prominent/preeminent, institute prominent ;, ;, effacing aggrandizing effectual [iféktʃuәl] a.,, : EFFECTIVE : producing or sufficient to produce a desired effect; fully adequate effectual unproductive effeminate adj., ; 1. having qualities or characteristics more often associated with women than men 2. characterized by weakness and excessive refinement effervesce [èfәrvés] vi. ; 1. to emit small bubbles of gas, as a carbonated or fermenting liquid 2. to escape from a liquid as bubbles; bubble up 3. to show high spirits or excitement effervescence : feeling :: fury : anger effervesce be flat effervescent still, droop, languid droop, ;, languid, ;, effervescence lassitude lassitude, ; effete [efí t] a., 1. depleted of vitality, force, or effectiveness; exhausted 2. marked by self-indulgence, triviality, or decadence 3. overrefined; effeminate 4. no longer productive; infertile effeminate, ; effete hale, sound hale, free from infirmity or illness; sound effluvium [eflú viәm] n. ;, ; 1. a usually invisible emanation or exhalation, as of vapor or gas 2. a. a byproduct or residue; waste b. the odorous fumes given off by waste or decaying matter 3. an impalpable emanation; an aura effluvia desired products effrontery [efrʌńtәri], : brazen boldness; presumptuousness effrontery decorum, timidity effulgent [efʌĺdʒәnt] a. : BRILLIANT : shining brilliantly; resplendent bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence (EQUAL, 형 : 명) bootless, without advantage or benefit; useless effulgent : resplendent :: bootless : futile (형 : 형) effusive [efjú siv] a. ; 1. unrestrained or excessive in emotional expression; gushy 2. profuse; overflowing gush : effusive :: rage : irate irate extremely angry; enraged emotion : effusive :: liberty : licentious :: manner : grandiose licentious, grandiose, ;, effusive reticent, listless, torpid, insensitive, lack of emotion reticent, ;, listless, ;, lacking energy or disinclined to exert effort; lethargic effusive lack of emotion egalitarian n. egalitarian : equity :: meliorism : progress egocentric [ì gouséntrik, ègou-] a. ; 1. holding the view that the ego is the center, object, and norm of all experience 2. a. confined in attitude or interest to one's own needs or affairs b. caring only about oneself; selfish

altruism egocentrism egoism ['i:gou`iz: m] n. ; ; egoism altruism egress ['i:gres] n., 1. the act of coming or going out; emergence 2. the right of going out 3. a path or opening for going out; an exit egress entrance elaborate [ilǽbәrit]/[ilǽbәrèit] a. v. : to expand something in detail 1. planned or executed with painstaking attention to numerous parts or details 2. intricate and rich in detail fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness :: elaborate : sketchy imperious, ;, abstract, simplify elaborate elastic [ilǽstik] a. ; ; : FLEXIBLE 1. a. easily resuming original shape after being stretched or expanded; flexible b. springy; rebounding 2. quick to recover, as from disappointment 3. capable of adapting to change or a variety of circumstances ephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretch (OPPOSITE) ephemeral ; lasting for a markedly brief time elastic : expand :: viable : live viable ; elasticity lack of tension inelastic extended elegy [élәdʒi] n. 1. a poem composed in elegiac couplets 2. a. a poem or song composed especially as a lament for a deceased person b. something resembling such a poem or song 3. (music) a composition that is melancholy or pensive in tone pensive, ; satire : ridicule :: elegy : sorrow :: hymn : praise :: eulogy : admiration (A express B) satire, ; hymn, ; elegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence elegy : poem :: paean : song :: tango : dance elemental [èlәméntl] adj. / : Of, relating to, or being an element elemental <> tangential/incidental elephantine [èlәfǽntain, -ti( )n] a. ;, : MASSIVE : enormous in size or strength; ponderously clumsy microscopic elephantine elevate [élәvèit] vt. : EXALT 1. to move (something) to a higher place or position from a lower one; lift 2. to increase the amplitude, intensity, or volume of 3. to promote to a higher rank 4. to raise to a higher moral, cultural, or intellectual level 4. to lift the spirits of; elate debasement elevation elate [il'eit] - to make proud or joyful elate depress, despond, reprobate elated [iléitid] a., : EXULTANT : marked by great joy or jubilation; triumphant elated despondent, hangdog despondent, = dejected hangdog,, ;, shamefaced or guilty; intimidated elation dejection, sullenness, wretchedness sullen, wretched, ;, elicit [ilísit] vt. 1. a. to bring or draw out (something latent); educe b. to arrive at (a truth, for example) by logic 2. to call forth (a reaction, for example); evoke evoke fail to elicit eligible a.,, 1. qualified or entitled to be chosen 2. desirable and worthy of choice, especially for marriage elitism [ilí tizәm, ei-] n. : leadership or rule by an elite elbow ['elbou] n. elbow : joint :: heart : organ (A B) elegant [éligәnt] a. : characterized by or exhibiting refined, tasteful beauty of manner, form, or style insolent polite, elegant insolent, presumptuous and insulting in manner or speech; arrogant ellipsis [ilípsis] n. 1. a. the omission of a word or phrase necessary for a complete elective [il'ektiv] adj., ;, 1. of or relating to a selection by vote 2. filled or obtained by election 3. having the power or authority to elect; electoral 4. permitting or involving a choice; optional elective obligatory syntactical construction but not necessary for understanding b. an example of such omission 2. a mark or series of marks (... or, for example) used in writing or printing to indicate an omission, especially of letter or words apostrophes : word :: ellipsis : sentence eleemosynary [èlimɑśәnèri, -mɑź / èlii mɔśәnәri] a., elliptical [ilíptikәl] a. ;, ( ) 1. of, relating to, or dependent on charity 2. contributed as an act of charity; gratuitous philanthropist : eleemosynary :: 3. a. of or relating to extreme economy of oral or written expression b. marked by deliberate obscurity of style or expression elliptical palpable palpable ;, elongate [ilɔ ŋgeit / í lɔŋgèit] v. : to make or grow longer elongate shorten, truncate, curtail

elude [ilú d] v., 1. to evade or escape from, as by daring, cleverness, or skill 2. to escape the understanding or grasp of elucidate [ilú sәdèit] v. : to make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify elucidate : clarity :: abet : encouragement garble, obfuscate, obscure elucidate, illuminate, explain clearly garble, ; obfuscate ; elusive [il'u:siv] a. ; 1. tending to elude capture, perception, comprehension, or memory 2. difficult to define or describe elusive : define :: skeptical : credulity (A = B하기 어려운) (형 : 동 :: 형 : 명 ) emaciate [iméiʃièit] v. : to make or become extremely thin, especially as a result of starvation emaciated : thin :: apoplectic : angry apoplectic, ;,, emaciate invigorate, fatten emanate [émәnèit] vi. : radiate, emit, eject, effuse, give off, send out : to come or send forth, as from a source emancipate [imǽnsәpèit] v. : to free from bondage, oppression, or restraint; liberate emancipate enslave, shackle, lasso lasso ( ) emancipation bondage embed [imbéd] vt., 1. to fix firmly in a surrounding mass 2. to enclose firmly 3. to cause to be an integral part of a surrounding whole waffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter (OPPOSITE) waffle ; to speak or write evasively enunciate ; disinter, ; embed extract embezzle [embézәl, im-] v. : to appropriate (money, for example) for one's own use in violation of a trust embezzle : funds :: usurp : power usurp (, ), ; forgery : counterfeit :: embezzlement : fraud (명 : 동) smuggler : import :: embezzler : appropriate embezzlement : fraud :: cronyism : favoritism embolden [embóuldәn] v. ; : to foster boldness or courage in; encourage appall embolden, nerve appall, to fill with consternation or dismay embolden abash, faze, cow, appall, daunt, boggle, thwart faze, to disrupt the composure of; disconcert cow (, ), to frighten with threats or a show of force boggle, emboss [emb' s] v., ; emboss flatten out embargo [imbɑ rgou] n. ; 1. a government order prohibiting the movement of merchant ships into or out of its ports 2. a prohibition by a government on certain or all trade with a foreign nation embargo : commerce :: quarantine : contact quarantine ( ) ; embark [embɑ rk, im-] vt. 1. to cause to board a vessel or aircraft 2. to enlist (a person or persons) or invest (capital) in an enterprise vi. 1. to go abroad a vessel or aircraft, as at the start of a journey 2. to set out on a venture; commence embark : funds :: schedule : time (A = B를 계획하다) debut : career :: embarkment : journey conclude embark on embarrass [imbǽrәs, em-] vt. 1. to cause to feel self-conscious or ill at east 2. to involve in or hamper with financial difficulties 3. to hinder with obstacles or difficulties; impede 4. to complicate blush : embarrassment :: yawn : sleepiness catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment (A >> B) embarrass : shame :: console : comfort console, to allay the sorrow or grief of embarrass : shame :: console : comfort (A하면 B하게 된다) embarrass : mortify :: indulge : mollycoddle unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded : announcement disembarrassment : engagement :: (OPPOSITE) disembarrass ( ), ( ) embrace [imbréis] n. v., : HUG 1. to clasp or hold close with the arms, usually as an expression of affection 2. a. to surround; enclose b. to twine around 3. to include as part of something broader 4. to take up willingly or eagerly 5. to avail oneself to embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference :: blush : embarrassment (SIGN) abrogate, eschew embrace abrogate ( ) to abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority eschew <istʃú:>, to avoid; shun abjure, abrogate, eschew, renounce embrace, espouse abjure (, ), ; eschew,, ostracize include, embrace ostracize <ástrәsàiz> ( ) ; spurn court, crave, embrace spurn, court, ; crave ;, embroider [embr'oid :r] v.( ) ; ( ) 1. to ornament with needlework 2. to make by means of needlework 3. to add embellishment or fanciful details to embroider : cloth :: chase : metal chase ( ) emigrate [émәgrèit] v. ; ; : to leave one country or region to settle in another repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification (OPPOSITE) repatriate ( )

repeal ; to revoke or rescind, especially by an official or formal act ratify / to approve and give formal sanction to; confirm emigrate : exile :: enlist : conscript (B는 강제적) eminence [émәnәns] n., : a position of great distinction or superiority master, maven : experience :: luminary : eminence maven, a person who has special knowledge or experience; an expert luminary ;,, eminent ['em n nt] 3. something that encloses a. ; (, ) ;, stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support ;, stockade <stake id> ; 1. towering or standing out above others; prominent 2. of high rank, station, or quality; noteworthy 3. outstanding, as in character or performance; distinguished eminent undistinguished, unextraordinary emit [imít] v., ; ( ) ; ( ) 1. to give or send out matter or energy 2. a. to give out as sound; utter b. to voice; express 3. to issue with authority, especially to put (currency) into circulation emit absorb emollient [imɑĺjәnt / imɔĺ-] n. ( ) : something that softens or soothes a. 1. softening and soothing, especially to the skin 2. making less harsh or abrasive; molifying emollient : soothe :: dynamo : generate emollient : suppleness :: desiccant : dryness supple, ;, emphasis [émfәsis] n. underscore : emphasis :: brand : ownership (SIGN) underscore ;, rescind <risínd> to make void; repeal or annul enact repeal, rescind enamel [inǽmәl] n. ; enamel : tooth :: bark : tree :: skin, rind : apple rind a tough outer covering such as bark, the skin of some fruits corn : husk :: orange : rind enclosure [enklóuʒәr] n. 1. a. the act of enclosing b. the state of being enclosed 2. something enclosed encomium [enkóumiәm] n. 1. warm, glowing praise 2. a formal expression of praise; a tribute encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil quibble, ; cavil ; to find fault unnecessarily; raise trivial objections encomium : eulogize :: discontent : complain :: quibble : cavil encomium harsh criticism encompass [inkʌḿpәs] v. : ENCLOSE 1. to form a circle or ring around; surround 2. to enclose; envelop 3. to constitute or include 4. to accomplish; achieve encompass exclude encounter [enkáuntәr] n. ;, 1. a meeting, especially one that is unplanned, unexpected, or brief 2. a. a hostile or adversarial confrontation; a contest b. an often violent meeting; a clash circumlocution direct encounter circumlocution ( ) ; empower - to invest with power, especially legal power or official authority empower revoke the authority empty-handed [émptihǽndid] a., 1. bearing nothing 2. having received or gained nothing emulate [émjәlèit] vt., 1. to strive to equal or excel, especially through imitation 2. to compete with successfully; approach or attain equality with obviate : unnecessary :: reduce : smaller (A하면 B하게 된다) emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary (A하면 B하게 된다) ( ) obviate ( ) ; exemplary, emulate : exemplar :: admire : paragon emulation : exemplar :: deference : authority emulous [émjәlәs] a. ;, 1. eager or ambitious to equal or surpass another 2. characterized or prompted by a spirit of rivalry enact [enǽkt] vt. ( ) ; 1. to make into law 2. to act (something) out, as on a stage rescission enactment rescission <risíʒәn>,, encourage 1. to inspire with hope, courage, or confidence; hearten 2. to give support to; foster 3. to stimulate; spur encourage appall encumber [enk' mb :r] v. ; ( ) 1. to put a heavy load on; burden 2. to hinder or impede the action or performance of 3. to burden with legal or financial obligations encumber remove impediment impediment, ; encyclopedia [ensàikloupí diә] n. encyclopedia : compendious :: assay : objective :: summary : condensed :: abstract : concise compendious, containing or stating briefly and concisely all the essentials assay <әse i>, ;, encyclopedia : compendious :: abstract : condensed endemic [end'emik] a., prevalent in or peculiar to a particular locality, region, or people endemic : region :: inborn : individual endemic exotic, foreign endorse [endɔ rs], [in-] vt., 1. to write one's signature on the back of (a check, for

example) as evidence of the legal transfer of its ownership, especially in return for the cash or credit indicated on its face 2. to place (one's signature), as on a contract, to indicate approval of its contents or terms 3. to acknowledge (receipt of payment) by signing a bill, draft, or other instrument 4. to give approval of or support to, especially by public statement; sanction rider : bill :: endorsement : policy rider ;, ; ( ) endow : income :: endorse : approval endow ; (, ), endorse oppose publicly impugn, deprecate endorse impugn, to attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument endow [end'au] v. ; (, ), 1. to provide with property, income, or a source of income 2. a. to equip or supply with a talent or quality b. to imagine as having a usually favorable trait or quality endow : income :: endorse : approval enduring [indjúәriŋ, en-] a. : LASTING, DURABLE 1. lasting; continuing; durable 2. long-suffering; patient ephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretch (OPPOSITE) inelastic ;, ephemeral : enduring :: inanimate : living transitory : endure :: immutable : change transitory enduring enervate [énәrvèit] vt. : to lessen the vitality or strength of enervation : vitality :: debase : value :: hamstring : effectiveness curtail : period :: enervate : energy eclipse : prestige :: enervation, enfeeble : vigor :: amnesia : memory eclipse ( ) ( ); ( ), prestige, ;, dispirit : morale :: enervate : strength dispirit, to lower in or deprive of spirit; dishearten enervate : vigor, vitality :: palliate : nerve :: debase : value palliate, enervate invigorate, fortify, strengthen enervation vitality enfeeble [infí bәl, en-] vt. : to make feeble; deprive of strength eclipse : prestige :: enervation, enfeeble : vigor enfeeble invigorate tonic enfeebling enfranchise [enfrǽntʃaiz] vt. ; ( ) 1. to bestow a franchise on 2. to endow with the rights of citizenship, especially the right to vote 3. to free, as from bondage enfranchise : vote :: license : practice :: illuminate : see enfranchise enfetter, subjugate, resubject, disempower enfetter, to bind in fetters; enchain subjugate, to bring under control; enslave 3. to pledge or promise, especially to marry 4. to attract and hold the attention of engender [endʒéndәr] vt., : PRODUCE 1. to bring into existence; give rise to 2. to procreate; propagate quash, eradicate engender quash, to set aside or annul, especially by judicial action engross [engróus] vt., ( ) ;, 1. to occupy exclusively; absorb 2. to acquire most or all of (a commodity); monopolize (a market) 3. a. to write or transcribe in a large, clear hand b. to write print the final draft of (an official document) engrossed : absorbed :: intimate : close (EQUAL) enigmatic [ènigmǽtik, ìn-] a., : MYSTERIOUS : of or resembling an enigma; puzzling enigma : impenetrable :: juggernaut : unstoppable enigmatic : simplistic :: (OPPOSITE) enigmatic broadly known, readily understandable, free of ambiguity enlarge [enlɑ rdʒ] v. [ ] : to become larger enlarge shorten enlarger [inl' :rd3 :r] v. 1. to make larger; add to 2. to give greater scope to; expand enlarge shorten enlighten [enláitn] vt. ;, 1. to give spiritual or intellectual insight to 2. to give information to; inform or instruct equivocation : coax :: explanation : enlighten (B use A, 명 : 동) coax 추켜세우다, 달래서 하게하다 enmity ['enm ti] n.,, ;, : deep-seated, often mutual hatred enmity amity, camaraderie, comity, concord, friendship ennoble [enóubl] vt. ; : ELEVATE 1. to make noble 2. to confer nobility upon debase ennoble ennui [ɑ nwí, -- ; F. ɑñɥi] n., : listlessness and dissatisfaction resulting from lack of interest; boredom ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic :: somnolence : alert apathetic 무감동의; 냉담한, 무관심한 somnolent ; ennui energy, enthusiasm, keen interest, exuberance exuberance,, exuberant,, enrage [enr'eid3] - to put into a rage; infuriate enrage subside enrapture [enrǽptʃәr] v. : RAPTURE : to fill with rapture or delight rapture,, the state of being transported by a lofty emotion; ecstasy engage enraptured indifferent, distracted, impassive 1. to obtain or contract for the services of; employ distracted,, 2. to arrange for the use of; reserve

enrich [enr'it ] reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm (A >> B) 1. to make rich or richer 2. to make fuller, more meaningful, or more rewarding 3. to add fertilizer to 4. to add nutrients to 5. to add to the beauty or character of; adorn avidity, arden desire or craving; eagerness ennui energy, enthusiasm ennui listlessness and dissatisfaction resulting from lack of interest; boredom halfhearted enthusiastic enrich deplete entice [entáis] vt., : TEMPT ensconce [inskɑńs / -skɔńs] v., ;, : to attract by arousing hope or desire; lure command : entreaty :: goad : enticement (A >> B) enticing : tempt :: affectionate : love (EQUAL, 형 : 동) 1. to settle (oneself) securely or comfortably 2. to place or conceal in a secure place ensconce dislodge, displace, unsettle dislodge to remove or force out from a position or dwelling previously occupied ensemble [` :ns' :mbl] n., ;, 1. a unit or group of complementary parts that contribute to a single effect, especially a. a coordinated outfit or costume b. a group of supporting musicians, singers, dancers, or actors who perform together 2. (music) a. a work for two or more vocalists or instrumentalists b. the vocalists or instrumentalists who perform such a work ensemble solo enslave [ensléiv] vt. : SUBJUGATE : to make into or as if into a slave manumit enslave manumit ( ) to free from slavery or bondage; emancipate ensuing [ensú iŋ] adj. : to take place afterward or as a result anterior ensuing follow :,. ensue, result :. ensue. succeed :. ensue v., ; 1. to follow as a consequence or result 2. to take place subsequently anterior ensuing anterior ;,, enthrall v. ;, (enslave) 1. to hold spellbound; captivate 2. to enslave enthusiasm [enɵú ziæ zәm] n. 1. great excitement for or interest in a subject or cause 2. a source or cause of great excitement or interest ennui : enthusiastic :: fervent : apathetic (OPPOSITE) enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia :: covet : rapacity paranoia, rapacity formidable enticing formidable,, ; entrance [éntrәns] n., [intræ 1. to put into a trance ns] vt., 2. to fill with delight, wonder, or enchantment trance, ;, entrancing disappoint, disgust, repel, repulse, bore, repugnant, repellent entrance egress unprepossessing entrancing, winsome unprepossessing failing to impress favorably winsome, charming, often in a childlike or naive way entrap [entrǽp] vt. ; 1. to catch in or as if in a trap 2. a. to lure into danger, difficulty, or a compromising situation b. to lure into performing a previously or otherwise uncontemplated illegal act vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied :: wary : gulled (A하면 B하기 어렵다) exacting ;, making severe demands; requiring great care, effort, or attention wary, entreaty [entríti] n., : PLEA : an earnest request or petition command : entreaty :: goad : enticement (강제성의 유무) protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat protest ; / supplicate, to ask for humbly or earnestly, as by praying entry [éntri] n., ;, entangle [entǽŋgl] vt., ( ) ; : a descriptive record (as in a card catalog or an index) 1. a. the act or an instance of entering b. the privilege or 1. to twist together or entwine into a confusing mass; snarl 2. to complicate; confuse 3. to involve in or as if in a tangle exonerate : blame :: disentangle : snarl (OPPOSITE) disentangle snarl snarl <sna:rl> ; ;, to become tangled or confused right of entering 2. a means or place by which to enter 3. a. the inclusion or insertion of an item, as in a record b. an item entered in this way 4. a. an entry word, as in a dictionary; a headword b. an headword along with its related text 5. one entered in a competition journal : entries :: run : performance run enumerate [injú mәrèit] vt. : LIST 1. to count off or name one by one; list 2. to determine the number of; count enunciate [inʌńsièit, -ʃi-] v. ; : ARTICULATE 1. to pronounce; articulate 2. to state or set forth precisely or systematically 3. to announce; proclaim waffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter (OPPOSITE) waffle, to speak or write evasively

embed ; ( ) enunciate : mumbling :: clarify : confusing enunciate : words :: limn : lines limn, ( ) enunciate mumble mumble to utter indistinctly by lowering the voice or partially closing the mouth envision [invíʒәn] vt., : to picture in the mind; imagine enzyme [énzaim] n. : Any of numerous proteins or conjugated proteins produced by living organisms and functioning as biochemical catalysts. epaulet <e pәlèt> epaulet : shoulder :: ring : finger ephemeral [ifémәrәl] a. 1. lasting a markedly brief time 2. living or lasting only for a day, as certain plants or insects do ephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretch :: inanimate : live :: repellent : attract inelastic ;, ephemeral : transience :: permanent : perpetuality :: convoluted : complexity (EQUAL) repellent : attract :: ephemeral : endure (OPPOSITE) ephemeral : longevity :: grandiose : humility (OPPOSITE) grandiose, ; ephemeral : abide :: intransigent : yield ephemeral : endure :: inert : react ephemeral, transitory permanent, perpetual, eternal, everlasting, enduring epic [épik] a. ;, 1. of, constituting, having to do with, or suggestive of a literary epic 2. surpassing the usual or ordinary, particularly in scope or size 3. heroic and impressive in quality epic modest epicure [épikjùәr] n. ; 1. a person with refined taste especially in food and wine 2. a person devoted to sensuous pleasure and luxurious living epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watching sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating sentinel <se ntәnәl>, discerner : acute :: epicure : discriminating epicure a person indifferent to food epidermis [`ep d' :rmis] n., epidermis : mammal :: bark : conifer epigram [épigræ m] n. 1. a short, witty poem expressing a single thought or observation 2. a concise, clever, often paradoxical statement 3. epigrammatic discourse or expression exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram paradox : contradictory :: epigram : wise epilogue [épilɔ g, -lɑǵ / épilɔ g] n. : CODA 1. a. a short poem or speech spoken directly to the audience following the conclusion of a play b. the performer who delivers such a short poem or speech 2. a short addition or concluding section at the end of a literary work, often dealing wit the future of its character = afterward dessert : meal :: epilogue : play, novel :: coda : sonata terminus : stop :: epilogue : story terminus,, epilogue : prose:: finale : music prose cf. verse preface epilogue episode ['ep s`oud] n. ; ( ) 1 episode : series :: issue : periodical epistemology [ipìstәmɑĺәdʒi / -mɔĺ-] n. : the branch of philosophy that studies the nature of knowledge, its presuppositions and foundations, and its extent and validity aesthetics : beauty :: epistemology : knowledge aesthetics epitaph ['p t`æf] n. ; epitaph : tombstone :: motto : shield epithet ['ep `et] n. (, ) ; ( ) 1. a. a term used to characterize a person or thing b. a term used as a descriptive substitute for the name or title of a person 2. an abusive or contemptuous word or phrase epithet : disparage :: alias : mislead epitomize [ipítәmàiz] vt. ;, 1. to make an epitome of; sum up 2. to be a typical example of epitomize : brevity :: embellish : ornamentation equable [ékwәbәl, í k-] a., ; (, ), 1. a. unvarying; steady b. free from extremes 2. not easily disturbed; serene equable intemperate intemperate, ;, equanimity agitation, excitability equipoise [ékwәpɔìz, í k-] n., 1. equality in distribution, as of weight, relationship, or emotional forces; equilibrium 2. a counterpoise; a counterbalance equipoise vacillate equity [ékwәti] n., illiteracy : education :: inequity : redistribution equivalent : interchange :: indistinguishable : confound equitable discriminatory, unfair, biased equitable ; marked by or having equity; just and impartial equivocal [ikwívәkәl] a. 1. open to two or more interpretations and often intended to mislead; ambiguous 2. of uncertain significance 3. of a doubtful or uncertain nature equivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth equivocation : coax :: explanation : enlighten equivocation : misleading :: bromide : hackneyed :: cliche : hackneyed bromide, equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: obfuscation : clarity :: delicacy : offence euphemism, obfuscate,,

equivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruous :: platitude : banal oxymoron [ ] incongruous / lacking in harmony; incompatible equivocate : commitment :: procrastinate : action commitment, ;, ;, ;, procrastinate, ; equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness grandstand : impress :: equivocate : deceive grandstand to perform ostentatiously so as to impress an audience amorphous : shape :: equivocal : meaning equivocal : ambiguous :: oxymoronic : incongruent waffle speak unequivocally waffle to speak or write evasively equivocate communicate straightforwardly equivocation clarity era n., ;, ; 1. a period of time as reckoned from a specific date serving as the basis of its chronological system 2. a. a period of time characterized by particular circumstances, events, or personages b. a point that marks the beginning of such a period of time 3. the longest division of geologic time, made up of one or more periods era : moment : region : site (A >> B) erect [irékt] a., v. ;, ; a. 1. being in a vertical, upright position 2. being in a stiff, rigid physiological condition v. 1. to construct by assembling 2. to raise to a rigid or upright condition 3. to fix in an upright position 4. to set up; establish suspend erect prostrate erect prostrate, ; slouch stand erect slouch erode [iróud] v., 1. to wear (something) away by or as if by abrasion 2. to eat into; corrode 3. to make or form by wearing away 4. to cause to diminish, deteriorate, or disappear as if by eating into or wearing away accrete : growth :: erode : destruction accrete, to make larger or greater, as by increased growth downpour : flooding :: wind : erosion (A cause B) gully : erosion :: callus : friction (B make A) gully singe : incineration :: erode : destruction singe ; ( ) incinerate, to cause to burn to ashes deposit process of eroding errant [érәnt] a., 1. roving, especially in search of adventure 2. straying from the proper course or standards 3. a. wandering outside the established limits b. aimless or irregular in motion amorphous : shape :: errant : course :: heretical : doctrine errant : standard :: digress : topic erratic [irǽtik] a., : WANDERING 1. having no fixed or regular course; wandering 2. lacking consistency, regularity, or uniformity 3. deviating from the customary course in conduct or opinion; eccentric heroic : craven :: erratic : permanent (OPPOSITE) craven, characterized by abject fear; cowardly exemplary : criticized :: erratic : predicted erudite [érjudàit] a. : LEARNED erudition, deep, extensive learning erudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglect fathom ;, to penetrate to the meaning or nature of; comprehend oblivious, prescience : future :: erudition : esoterica prescience <prí:ʃiәns>,, (foresight) outspoken : saucy :: erudite : pedantic (DEFECTIVE) saucy, erudite smattering of knowledge, ignorant, unlettered, illiterate erudition extremely ignorance, illiteracy escalate [éskәlèit] v. : to increase in extent, volume, number, amount, intensity, or scope escalate decrease, diminish, ebb, wane ebb, ;, flow eschew [istʃú ] v. : SHUN : to avoid habitually especially on moral or practical grounds eschew embrace, greet, habitually indulge in, seek, welcome esoteric [èsoutérik] a., 1. a. intended for or understood by only a particular group b. of or relating to that which is known by a restricted number of people 2. a. confined to a small group b. not publicly disclosed; confidential esoteric common accepted, generally known, espouse [ispáuz, es-] vt., ; 1. a. to take in marriage; marry b. to give (a woman) in marriage 2. to give one's loyalty or support to (a cause, for example); adopt lurk : concealment :: espouse : marriage lurk, abjure, repudiate embrace, espouse abjure to renounce under oath; to recant solemnly repudiate / ; esteem [istí m] n., 1. to regard with respect; prize 2. to regard as; consider esteem : idolatry :: favor : bribe (DEFECTIVE) idolatry, blind or excessive devotion to something desire : covet :: esteem : idolize :: favor : bribe (A << B) covet, to feel blameworthy desire for obeisance : esteem :: embrace : affection (A show B) obeisance, ;, infuriate : rage :: commend : esteem (EQUAL) stigma mark of esteem stigma,, esteem abomination, odium odium, ;,

estimable [éstәmәbәl] a. 1. possible to estimate 2. deserving of esteem; admirable estimable contemptible, infamous estrange [istréindʒ] vt., 1. to make hostile, unsympathetic, or indifferent; alienate 2. to remove from an accustomed place or set of associations estrangement rapprochement, reconciliation rapprochement <ræprɔ :ʃma:ŋ>, etch [etʃ] v., ;, 1. a. to cut into the surface of (glass, for example) by the action of acid 2. to impress, delineate, or imprint clearly etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive (CHARACTER) eternal [it' :rn: l] a., ;, 1. being without beginning or end; existing outside of time 2. continuing without interruption; perpetual 3. forever true or changeless 4. seemingly endless; interminable 5. of or relating to spiritual communion with God, especially in the afterlife eternal ephemeral ethereal [iɵíәriәl] a., ; ; : IMMATERIAL, INTANGIBLE 1. characterized by lightness and insubstantiality; intangible 2. highly refined; delicate 3. a. of the celestial spheres; heavenly b. not of this world; spiritual ethereal material, ponderous, worldly ponderous, ;, ; ponderous ethereal, gossamer, lively gossamer ; ethics [éɵiks] n. logic : reasoning :: ethics : behavior eulogize [jú lәdʒàiz] vt. : EXTOL : to praise highly in speech or writing encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil encomiast, a person who delivers or rites an encomium; a eulogist quibble, ; eulogy : praise :: elegy : lament panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize panegyric / satirize <sæ tәràiz>, to ridicule or attack by means of satire eulogy : admiration :: hymn : praise hymn <him>, ; encomium : eulogy :: discontent : complain quatrain : stanza :: eulogy : speech (A B) quatrain <kwátrein> 4 ( ) a stanza or poem of four lines stanza, eulogize pan, cavil, criticize pan ; ; to criticize or review harshly eulogy stricture, defamation stricture ;, a restraint, limit, or restriction; an adverse remark or criticism euphemism [jú fәmìzәm] n. : the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: obfuscation : clarity obfuscate, ; euphemism : offend :: invulnerability : injure invulnerable, ;, euphemism : offense :: aphorism : diffuse aphorism a tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion; a brief statement of a principle diffuse ; ( ) euphonious [ju fóuniәs] a. : pleasing or agreeable to the ear euphonious : sound :: graceful : movement cacophonous dulcet, euphonious dulcet, pleasing to the ear; melodious euphoria [ju fɔ riә] n. : a feeling of great happiness or well-being satisfaction : euphoria :: (A << B) evacuate [ivǽkjuèit] v.,, 1. a. to empty or remove the contents of b. to create a vacuum in 2. to excrete or discharge (waste matter), especially from the bowels 3. a. to relinquish military possession or occupation of (a town, for example) b. to withdraw or send away (troops or inhabitants) from a threatened area 4. to withdraw or depart from; vacate evacuate conquer, fill up, occupy evade [ivéid] v. 1. to escape or avoid by cleverness or deceit 2. a. to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing 3. to avoid giving a direct answer to 4. to baffle or elude evade : answer :: goldbrick : work goldbrick to shirk one's assigned duties or responsibilities evade channel channel to direct or guide along some desired course evanescent [èvәnésәnt] a., : vanishing or likely to vanish like vapor evanescent : permanence :: archaic : currency evanescent : disappear, vanish :: pliant : yield :: periodic : recur (A = B 하기 쉬운, 능동) transparent : penetrate (A = B되기 쉬운, 수동) evanescent : vanish :: consistent : perpetuate perpetuate ; make perpetual; to prolong the existence of evanescence : transient :: complexity : convoluted evanescent : enduring :: inert : react abiding, lasting, permanent, perpetual evanescent abiding, lasting for a long time; enduring evasive [ivéisiv] a. ;, 1. inclined or intended to evade 2. intentionally vague or ambiguous; equivocal evasive intended to, frank evenhanded - a. showing no partiality; fair evenhanded lopsided lopsided, ( ) everlasting [èvәrlǽstiŋ, -lɑ st-] a. : ETERNAL 1. lasting forever; eternal 2. a. continuing indefinitely or for a long period of time b. persisting too long; tedious

countless, innumerable, myriad, untold : number :: everlasting, interminable : duration myriad <míriәd> constituting a very large, indefinite number; innumerable untold, ; ;, everlasting ephemeral evict [ivíkt] vt. : EXPEL 1. to put (a tenant) out by legal process; expel 2. to force out; eject 3. (law) to recover (property, for example) by a superior claim or legal process deportation : country :: eviction : dwelling evict : residence :: banish : country banish, cf. vanish, harbor evict exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram malicious : ill will :: exaggerating : hyperbole pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature pithy ;, precisely meaningful; forceful and brief exaggerated : hyperbole :: pompous : bombast exaggerate minimize exalt [igzɔ lt] vt. (, ), : GLORIFY 1. to raise in rank, character, or status; elevate 2. to glorify, praise, or honor 3. to increase the effect or intensity of; heighten exalt : satisfaction :: bore : weariness (?? :: EQUAL) ( ) exaltation condemnation exalt pillory, lower in status, condemn pillory, ; exalted humble evince [ivíns] v. : to show or demonstrate clearly; manifest evince keep hidden, conceal eviscerate [ivísәrèit] v. 1. To remove the entrails of; disembowel 2. To take away a vital or essential part of evoke [ivóuk] vt. ; ; 1. to summon or call forth 2. to call to mind by naming, citing, or suggesting 3. to create anew, especially by means of the imagination evoke fail to elicit, repress elicit, 1. being an exception; uncommon ewe n. 2. well above average; extraordinary sheep : ewe :: swan : pen pen cob 3. deviating widely from a norm, as of physical or mental ability commonplace, ordinary, prosaic exceptional, imaginary, exciting exacerbate [igzǽsәrbèit, iksǽs-] vt. ; :to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of; aggravate exacerbate allay, palliate, mitigate, assuage allay ( ), ( ) palliate, ; exactitude imprecision exactitude, ;, exacting [igzǽktiŋ] a. ; 1. making severe demands; rigorous 2. requiring great care, effort, or attention vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied :: wary : gulled :: indomitable : controlled (B가 어려운 = A) wary <w ɛәri>, ; gull, to deceive or cheat exaggerate [igzǽdʒәrèit] v. : OVEREMPHASIZE 1. to represent as greater than is actually the case; overstate 2. to enlarge or increase to an abnormal degree anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole tirade a long angry or violent speech, usually of a censorious or denunciatory nature exasperate [igzǽspәrèit, -rit] vt. ; : ENRAGE 1. to make very angry or impatient; annoy greatly 2. to increase the gravity or intensity of exasperate mitigate, mollify excavate [ékskәvèit] v., : to expose to view by or as if by digging away a covering 1. to make a hole in; hollow out 2. to form by hollowing out 3. to remove by digging or scooping out 4. to expose or uncover by or as if by digging excavate fill in, entangle exceptional [iksépʃәnәl] a. ; ; excerpt [éksә rpt] n., : EXTRACT a passage or segment taken from a longer work, such as a literary or musical composition, a document, or a film aside : digression :: summary : excerpt exclaim [ikskléim] v. (, ) exact [igzǽkt] v. ; / ; ( ) : to cry out suddenly or vehemently, as from surprise or 1. to force the payment or yielding of; extort 2. to demand and obtain by or as if by force or authority exact condone, forgive emotion vehement ; exclaim : utter :: flare : shine (A >> B) excoriate [ikskɔ rièit] v. ; 1. to tear or wear off the skin of; abrade 2. to censure strongly; denounce excoriate extol, praise lavishly, accolade, flatter excrete [ikskrí t] vt., : to separate and discharge (waste matter) from blood, tissues, or organs stomach : ingest :: lung : respiration ingest, to take into the body by the mouth for digestion or absorption excrete ingest, absorb excruciate [ikskr'u: i`eit] v. 1. to inflict severe pain on; torture 2. to inflict great mental distress on excruciate exult exult, ; (... )

excruciating [ikskrú ʃièitiŋ] a. ;, exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame :: redoubtable : regard :: 1. intensely painful; agonizing 2. very intense or extreme gargantuan : large :: excruciating : painful (A >> B) gargantuan <ga:rgæ ntjuәn>, of immense size, volume, or capacity; gigantic exculpate [ékskʌlpèit, iks- -] vt. : to clear of guilt or blame exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir :: hortative : encourage (EQUAL) absolve, ; hortative, hortatory, marked by exhortation or strong urging exhort to urge by strong, often stirring argument, admonition, advice, or appeal alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive sophism, a plausible but fallacious argument; deceptive or fallacious argumentation exculpate inculpate, indict, attribute guilt, condemn inculpate to incriminate excursive [ikskә rsiv] a. ; ; : of, given to, characterized by, or having the nature of digression digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant reiterate ; to say or do again or repeatedly execrable [éksikrèit], 1. deserving of execration; hateful 2. extremely inferior; very bad execrable commendable, laudable execrate ['eksikr`eit] v., : DENOUNCE 1. to declare to be hateful or abhorrent; denounce 2. to feel loathing for; abhor execrate : denounce :: exemplify : imitate (EQUAL) exemplify ; execration sanction, approbation, accolade, compliment, commendation, flattery sanction / ; execrate exalt, extol, laud, flatter, praise execute [éksikjù t] vt., ; 1. to put into effect; carry out 2. to perform; do 3. to create (a work of art, for example) in accordance with a prescribed design 4. to make valid, as by signing 5. to perform or carry out what is required by 6. to put to death, especially by carrying out a lawful sentence impossible : execute :: adamant : move adamant impervious to pleas, appeals, or reason; stubbornly unyielding vagary : predict :: impossibility : execute vagary ; an extravagant or erratic notion or action exemplary [igzémplәri] a., ; : deserving imitation 1. worthy of imitation; commendable 2. serving as a model 3. serving as an illustration; typical 4. serving as a warning; admonitory emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary (A하면 B하게 된다) obviate, render unnecessary venerable : reverence redoubtable, ; arousing fear or awe; worthy of respect or honor deferential, marked by or exhibiting deference exemplary : imitation :: specious : doubt :: notable : attention specious ; exemplary : emulate :: portable : move (A = B할 수 있는) exemplary : imitation :: redoubtable : regard redoubtable, ; exemplify [igzémplәfài] v. ; ; 1. a. to illustrate by example b. to serve as an example of 2. (law) to make a certified copy of (a document) execrate : denounce :: exemplify : imitate (EQUAL) harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify harbinger ;, one that indicates or foreshadows what is to come; a forerunner presage, ;, archetype, corrective : amend :: paradigm : exemplify amends, amend / exempt [igzémpt] v. : to free from an obligation, a duty, or a liability to which others are subject exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty liability, exert [igzә rt] vt., 1. to put to use or effect; put forth 2. to bring to bear; exercise 3. to put (oneself) to strenuous effort strenuous, ; exhaust [igzɔ st] vt., : USE UP infinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlap (A = B하지 않는) discrete, ; exhaustive : careful :: mesmerized : interesting (A >> B) exhaustive, ; / mesmerize ; enthrall ;, (enslave) exhausted : rest :: thirsty : imbibe exhaustive [igz'o:stiv] a., ; / 1. treating all parts or aspects without omission; thorough 2. tending to exhaust exhaustive incomplete, partial exhilarate [igzílәrèit] vt., 1. to cause to feel happily refreshed and energetic; elate 2. to invigorate; stimulate exhilarate sadden soporific exhilarating exhort [igz'o:rt] v. ;, to urge by strong, often stirring argument, admonition, advice, or appeal exhort : suggest :: goad : direct (A >> B) exhortation [ègzɔ rtéiʃәn, èksɔ r-] n. 1. the act or an instance of exhorting 2. a speech or discourse that encourages, incites, or earnestly advises exhortation : encourage :: hurl : insult :: prevarication : deceive (A >> B) hurl ; ( )

exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit :: obloquy : discredit invective, ;, obloquy ;, abusively detractive language or utterance exhortative : urge :: didactic : teach exhortative : motivation :: grating : irksomeness irksome, causing annoyance, weariness, or vexation exhortation : motivate :: persiflage : incite (A를 이용해서 B한다) persiflage, ; incite to provoke an urge on exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit exhume v., ;, 1. to remove from a grave; disinter 2. to bring to light, especially after a period of obscurity exigent [éksәdʒәnt], ;, 1. requiring immediate action or remedy 2. requiring much effort or expense; demanding exigent deferrable exiguous [igzígjuәs, iksíg-] adj.,, : Extremely scanty; meager. exiguous copious exodus [éksәdәs] vt. : EMIGRATION : a departure of a large number of people exodus influx influx ;, a flowing in; a mass arrival or incoming 3. to issue officially; dispatch expedite : process :: accelerate : pace maladroit : deft :: expedite : foot-dragging (OPPOSITE) expedite retard expedition foot dragging expedition [èkspәdíʃәn], ;, ;, 1. a. a journey undertaken by a group of people with a definite objective b. the group undertaking such a journey 2. speed in performance; promptness expedition : foot dragging :: consensus : factionalism (OPPOSITE) expertise n. / 1. expert advice or opinion 2. skill or knowledge in a particular area selflessness : altruist :: expertise : connoisseur (B lack A) expiate ['ekspi`eit] v. ( ) ; to make amends or reparation for; atone expiate : guilt :: correct : error :: repose : fatigue expire [ikspáiәr] v. ; : DIE 1. to come to an end; terminate 2. to breathe one's last breath; die 3. to exhale; breathe out expire come to life explicate [éksplәkèit] v. : to make clear the meaning of; explain exonerate [igzɑńәrèit / -zɔń-] v. ; explicit [iksplísit] a., 1. to clear from blame 2. to free from a responsibility, obligation, or task exonerate : blame :: disentangle, extricate : snarl :: veto : assent snarl <sna:rl> ;, (entanglement) veto ;, exonerate censure, inculpate, incriminate, prove guilty inculpate to incriminate incrimination exoneration exorbitant [igzɔ rbәtәnt] a., : exceeding all bounds, as of custom or fairness exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty perfidious, of, relating to, or marked by perfidy; treacherous perfidy deliberate breach of faith; calculated violation of trust; treachery exotic [igzɑ tik / -zɔ t-] a. ;, 1. from another part of the world; foreign 2. intriguingly unusual or different; excitingly strange exotic indigenous indigenous,, (native) expunge expansive [ikspǽnsiv] a., ;, ;, 1. capable of expanding or tending to expand 2. broad in size or extent; comprehensive 3. disposed to be open, communicative, and generous; outgoing 4. grand in scale expand : volume :: proliferate : number expansive reserved, diffident, limited, taciturn, withdrawn diffident, ; expansive malicious expedite [ékspәdàit] vt. ; 1. to speed up the progress of; facilitate 2. to perform quickly and efficiently : fully revealed or expressed without vagueness, implication. or ambiguity explicit obscure, immanent, inchoate immanent inchoate, ;, exploit [ikspl'oit] n.,, : an act or deed, especially a brilliant or heroic one exploit : heroic :: gaffe : tactless exponent [ikspóunәnt] n. ;, 1. one that expounds or interprets 2. one that speaks for, represents, or advocates expound ; / exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass pollster canvass,, expound v. ; / 1. to give a detailed statement of; set forth 2. to explain in detail; elucidate v., 1. to erase or strike out 2. to eliminate completely; annihilate salesman : buy :: censor : expunge (salesman : sell??) ( ) expurgate [ékspәrgèit] v. ( ) : to remove erroneous, vulgar, obscene, or otherwise objectionable material from (a book, for example) before publication vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate purvey, vendor ; inexpurgate obliterate exquisite ['ekskwizit] a., ; ;, 1. characterized by intricate and beautiful design or execution

2. of such beauty or delicacy as to arouse delight 3. excellent; flawless 4. acutely perceptive or discriminating 5. intense; keen tawdry exquisite tawdry ;, gaudy and cheap in nature or appearance extant [ekstǽnt, ékstәnt] a. : still in existence; not destroyed, lost, or extinct extant extinct, lost, missing, destroyed extemporize [ikstémpәràiz] v. : to do or perform (something) without prior preparation or practice juggernaut : unstoppable :: extemporization : spontaneous juggernaut ; spontaneous ;, extemporization : rehearsal :: honesty : guilt extemporize follow a script extemporaneous planned extenuate [iksténjuèit] vt., : MITIGATE : to lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent of by making partial excuses moderate : intensify :: extenuate : seriousness moderate to lessen the violence, severity, or extremeness of buffer : impact :: extenuate : circumstance (A reduce B) (circumstance 는 경감의 대상이 안됨) ( ) extenuating aggravating exterminate [ikstә rmәnèit] vt. : to get rid of by destroying completely; extirpate extinct [ikstíŋkt] a. ; 1. no longer existing or living 2. no longer burning or active 3. no longer in use extinct extant, resuscitated resuscitate, to restore consciousness, vigor, or life to extinction perpetuation extinguish [ikstíŋgwiʃ] vt. ; ( ) : QUENCH 1. to put out (a fire, for example); quench 2. to put an end to (hopes, for example); destroy 3 to obscure; eclipse 4. (law) a. to settle or discharge (a debt) b. to nullify extinguish kindle, ignite extol [ikstóul] v. : GLORIFY : to praise highly; exalt extol, praise lavishly censure, despise, vilify, deprecate, disparage, condemn, impugn, detract, malign, rail, deplore, impugn, excoriate vilify, to make vicious and defamatory statements about disparage to speak of in a slighting way; belittle; to reduce in esteem or rank impugn, to attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument malign, to make evil, harmful, and often untrue statements about extort [ikstɔ rt] vt., : WRING : to obtain from another by coercion or intimidation sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation extort : obtain :: kidnap : detainment (A >> B) extract [ikstr'ækt] v., extract embed hybrid of unmixed extraction extraneous [ikstréiniәs] a.,, 1. not constituting a vital element or part 2. inessential or unrelated to the topic or matter at hand; irrelevant 3. coming from the outside extraneous : essence :: achromatic : hue (A lack B) extraneous essential, apposite, relevant apposite, strikingly appropriate and relevant extraneous intuitive (3번 뜻, ) extravagant [ikstrǽvәgәnt] a.,, 1. given to lavish or imprudent expenditure 2. exceeding reasonable bounds 3. extremely abundant; profuse 4. unreasonably high; exorbitant rebellious : antiestablishment :: extravagant : undue antiestablishment undue, ;, ; extravagance : expenditure :: loquaciousness : talk frugality extravagancy, extravagance extravagant parsimonious extricate [ékstrәkèit] v. ( ) :to free or remove from an entanglement or difficulty; disengage extricate enmesh, entangle extrinsic [ekstr'insik] a., ; 1. not forming an essential or inherent part of a thing; extraneous 2. originating from the outside; external extrinsic immanent, inherent, ingrained immanent, ingrained easily to change, extrinsic ingrained, ;, extrovert [ékstrouvә rt] n. extrovert : outgoing :: perfectionist :: exacting exuberant [igzú bәrәnt] a.,, 1. full of unrestrained enthusiasm or joy 2. lavish; extravagant 3. extreme in degree, size, or extent 4. growing, producing, or produced abundantly; plentiful soaked, drenched:wet, damp::exuberant:happy :: frigid : cool (A >> B) ennui exuberance ennui <á:nwi>,, exude [igzú d, iksú d] v. : to ooze forth exude absorb, take in exultant [igzʌĺtәnt] a. : JUBILANT : marked by great joy or jubilation; triumphant exult : satisfaction :: crave : longing exult, to rejoice greatly; be jubilant or triumphant exultant abject, crestfallen, dejected abject, ; ;, exultation lamentation

F fable [féibәl] n. : a usually short narrative making an edifying or cautionary point and often employing as characters animals that speak and act like human beings fable : tale :: ditty : song ditty, a simple song fabricate [fǽbrikèit] vt. ; 1. to make; create 2. to construct by combining or assembling diverse, typically standardized parts 3. to concoct in order to deception discompose : pacific, placid :: fabricate : authentic (OPPOSITE) discompose, irritate : pacific :: fabricate : ingenuous ingenuous, ; facetious [fәsí ʃәs] a.,, : WAGGISH : playfully jocular; humorous facetious : speech :: antic : behavior antic, a ludicrous or extravagant act or gesture facetious earnest, lugubrious, ingenuous lugubrious ( ), facile [fæ si] a., : SPECIOUS, SUPERFICIAL 1. done or achieved with little effort or difficulty; easy 2. working, acting, or speaking with effortless ease and fluency 3. arrived at with due care, effort, or examination; superficial 4. readily manifested, together with an aura of insincerity and lack of depth specious, shallowness profundity arduous, profound facile arduous, ;, a. not interested; indifferent b. having lost interest ecumenical, factionalism cohesion cohesion <kouhí:ʒәn> ;, faction unity, disinterestedness factious cooperative factorable irreducible factitious [fækt'i s] a.,, ; 1. produced artificially rather than by a natural process 2. lacking authenticity or genuineness; sham fade [feid] v. : To lose brightness, loudness, or brilliance gradually; dim faddish [fǽdiʃ] adj. 1. Having the nature of a fad. 2. Given to fads. faddish classic fail-safe [féilsèif] a. ; 2 1. capable of compensating automatically and safely for a failure, as of a mechanism or power source 2. acting to discontinue a military attack on the occurrence of any of a variety of predetermined conditions 3. guaranteed not to fail fail-safe : malfunction :: (A prevent B) failing ; 1. the act of a person or thing that fails; a failure 2. a minor fault quibble : failing :: rift : breach (A << B) quibble a petty distinction or an irrelevant objection faint [feint] a., : lacking strength or vigor; performed, offered, or accomplished weakly or languidly stentorian faint stentorian ( ) extremely loud facile [fǽsil / fǽsail],, ;, faint-hearted [feinthɑ rtid] a., : TIMID 1. done or achieved with little effort or difficulty; easy 2. working, acting, or speaking with effortless ease and fluency 3. arrived at without due care, effort, or examination; superficial 4. readily manifested, together with an aura of insincerity and lack of depth facile arduous, profound facilitate [fәsílәtèit] vt. ; : to make easy or easier facilitate impede, hamper, obstruct, thwart hamper, to prevent the free movement, action, or progress of thwart, (hinder) faction [fǽkʃәn] n. : CLIQUE 1. a group of persons forming a cohesive, usually contentious minority within a large group 2. conflict within an organization or nation; internal expedition : foot-dragging :: consensus : factionalism :: clarity : confusion (OPPOSITE) law : criminality :: consensus : factionalism (A prevent B, B lack A) factional disinterested, ecumenical disinterested 1. free of bias and self-interest; impartial 2. :deficient in conviction or courage; timid fallacious [f l'ei s] a., ;, 1. containing or based on a fallacy 2. tending to mislead; deceptive fallacious sound, valid, veracious, verifiable, veritable veracious 1. honest; truthful 2. accurate; precise veritable being truly so called; real or genuine fallacy [fǽlәsi] n., 1. a false notion 2. a statement or an argument based on a false or an invalid inference 3. incorrectness or reasoning or belief; erroneousness 4. the quality of being deceptive disabuse : fallacy :: cure : disease disabuse ( ) to free from a falsehood or misconception fallacy valid argument, valid reasoning fallacious verifiable, veritable, sound, valid, veracious veritable being truly so called; real or genuine verifiable possible to verify veracious, ; fallibility inerrancy fallible ;

inerrancy freedom from error or untruths; infallibility fallow [fǽlou] a. ( ) ; 1. plowed but left unseeded during a growing season 2. characterized by inactivity fallow in use falsehood [fɔ lshùd] n. corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood corroborate to strengthen or support with other evidence; make more certain calumniate, to make maliciously or knowingly false statements about falter [fɔ ltәr] vt., ( ) ;, 1. to be unsteady in purpose or action, as from loss of courage or confidence; waver 2. to speak hesitatingly; stammer 3. a. to move ineptly or haltingly; stumble b. to operate or perform unsteadily or with a loss of effectiveness falter : act :: stammer : speak fantasy [fǽntәsi, -zi] n., nicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy (EQUAL) nicety, ; imperial : significant :: grotesque : fantastic (A >> B) fasten [fǽsn, fɑ sn] vt. ; 1. to attach firmly to something else, as by pinning or nailing 2. a. to make fast or secure b. to close, as by fixing firmly in place 3. to fix or direct steadily 4. to place; attribute 5. to impose (oneself) without welcome lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten (A = B하는 도구) lathe <leið> clasp, ;, fastidious [fæstídiәs, fәs-] a., 1. possessing or displaying careful, meticulous attention to detail 2. difficult to please; exacting 3. excessively scrupulous or sensitive, especially in matters of taste or propriety devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious (A << B) fastidious : outshine :: recalcitrant : resist (?? :: EQUAL) ( ) outshine, (excel) recalcitrant marked by stubborn resistance to and defiance of authority or guidance dapper : fastidious :: (A << B) dapper, ; fastidious easygoing, cursory, uncritical, coarse, indiscriminate cursory,, performed with haste and scant attention to detail fanatic [fәnǽtik] n. : a person marked or motivated by an extreme, unreasoning enthusiasm, as for a cause fanatic : admirer :: zealot : adherent (A >> B) fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper (A >> B) prude fanatical : belief :: frenetic : movement ( ) fanatical, possessed with or motivated by excessive, irrational zeal frenetic, wildly excited or active; frantic; frenzied fang [fæŋ] n. (, ) fang : tooth :: finger : digit fantasy [f'ænt si] n., grotesque : fantasy :: imperial : significance (A >> B) illusion : fantasy :: nicety : precision (EQUAL) far-fetched [fɑ rfétʃt] a. : IMPROBABLE : not readily believable because of improbable elements therein far-fetched natural farce [fɑ rs] n. farce : performance :: limerick : poem farce ;, limerick 5 ( ) fascinate [fǽsәnèit] vt. 1. to hold an intense interest or attraction for 2. to hold motionless; spellbind fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness (A >> B) fast [fæst, fɑ st] n. a. ;, fast : eat :: respite : labor :: moratorium : activity, act respite, ; a usually short interval of rest or relief fast loosely attach fastness unsecured place secure unfasten fastness n., ;, ;, 1. the condition or quality of being fast, especially: a. firmness; security b. rapidity; swiftness 2. the quality or condition of color retention; colorfastness 3. a. a secure or fortified place; a stronghold b. a remote, secret place colorfast having color that will not run or fade with washing or wear fastness unsecured place, deliberate action fateful [féitfәl] a. ; : involving momentous consequences fateful inconsequential consequential ; ; fathom [fǽðәm] v. ; 1. to determine the depth of; sound 2. to penetrate to the meaning or nature of; comprehend erudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglect erudite, characterized by erudition; learned oblivious ; uninformative : fathom :: jeopardy : overcome (A하면 B하기 힘들다.) ( ) jeopardy 위험 risk of loss or injury; peril or danger fathom find impenetrable measurable unfathomable occult bare, patent, readily fathomable occult, ; patent ;, fatigue [fәtí g] n. fatigue : repose, rest :: dehydration : water guilt : expiation :: fatigue : repose expiate ( ), to make amends or reparation for; atone atone, to make amends, as for a sin or fault repose ;, fatigue energetic indefatigable soon tired indefatigable <ìndifæ tәgәbl>, tireless

fatuous [fǽtʃuәs] a., : SILLY 1. vacuously, smugly, and unconsciously foolish 2. delusive; unreal fatuous acute, astute, sagacious, sensible astute, fatuity sagacity fatuousness sensibleness faultfinder [f'o:ltf`aind :r] n. : one who is given to petty criticism and constant complaint faultfinder : criticize :: arbitrator : mediate favor [féivәr] n., v.. 1. A gracious, friendly, or obliging act that is freely granted 2. To perform a kindness or service for; oblige. See Synonyms at oblige. Favor tease(괴롭히다) Favorable a. 1. advantageous; helpful 2. encouraging; propitious 3. manifesting approval; commendatory 4. winning approval; pleasing 5. granting what has been desired or requested 6. indulgent or partial favorable untoward untoward, ; (improper) fawn [fɔ n] v. n. 1. to exhibit affection or attempt to please, as a dog does by wagging its tail, whining, or cringing 2. to seek favor or attention by flattery and obsequious behavior adulate : fawn :: woo : adore adore ( ) adulate to praise or admire excessively; fawn on condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn obsequious, full of or exhibiting servile compliance; fawning imperiousness : fawn :: self depreciatory : swagger depreciatory, diminishing in value; disparaging; belittling swagger ; fawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swagger :: elaborate : sketchy hauteur <hout ә:r>, haughtiness in bearing and attitude; arrogance fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness :: elaborate : sketchy sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine :: miser : hoard obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield :: condescending : patronize parsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawn peremptory, ; reprobate : misbehave:: sycophant : fawn reprobate a morally unprincipled person misbehave to behave badly eaglet : bird :: fawn : mammal fawning : attentive :: garish : colorful (A >> B) faze [feiz] vt., : DISCONCERT, DAUNT : to disrupt the composure of; disconcert embolden abash, faze, cow fazed undisturbed feckless [f'eklis] a.,, : WEAK, INEFFECTIVE 1. lacking purpose or vitality; feeble or ineffective 2. careless and irresponsible feckless responsible feckless responsive ( ) fecund [fí kәnd, fék-] a. ; : PROLIFIC 1. capable of producing offspring or vegetation; fruitful 2. marked by intellectual productivity fecundity deprivation feeble [fí bәl] a. ;, ; ( ) 1. a. lacking strength; weak b. indicating weakness 2. lacking vigor, force, or effectiveness; inadequate feeble : strength :: disquiet : composure active, hale, hardy feeble, tender feign [fein] v.,... ;, 1. a. to give a false appearance of b. to represent falsely; pretend to 2. to imitate so as to deceive 3. to fabricate virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned mediocre, moderate to inferior in quality; ordinary impostor one who engages in deception under an assumed name or identity feigned plain spoken, genuine feisty [fáisti] adj., 1. Touchy; quarrelsome. 2. Full of spirit or pluck; frisky or spunky. See Regional Notes at andiron, feist. felicity [filísәti] n. 1. Great happiness; bliss. 2. An instance of great happiness. felicity misery fender [féndәr] n. ( ) ; ; ( ) 1. a. a guard over each wheel of a motor vehicle, for example, that is shaped and positioned so as to block the splashing of water or mud b. a device at the front end of a locomotive or streetcar designed to push aside obstructions 2. a cushioning device, such as a bundle of rope or a piece of timber, used on the side of a vessel or dock to absorb impact or friction 3. a screen or metal framework placed in front of a ireplace to keep hot coals and debris from falling out fender : collision :: feral [fíәrәl] a. ; : WILD 1. a. existing in a wild or untamed state b. having returned to an untamed state from domestication 2. of or suggestive of a wild animal; savage feral cultivated ferment [fә rment] n., ;, : AGITATION : a state of unrest 1. something, such as a yeast, a bacterium, a mold, or an enzyme, that causes fermentation 2. fermentation 3. a. a state of agitation or of turbulent change or development b. an agent that precipitates or is capable of precipitating such a state ferment tranquility ferrous [f'er s] a., ferrous containing no iron fertilize [fә rtәlàiz] vt. fertilize : grow :: immunize : resist glue : seal :: manure : fertilize manure,

fervent [f' :r:v: nt] a., ;, 1. having or showing great emotion or zeal; ardent 2. extremely hot; glowing fervent dispassionate, languid fervid [fә rvid] a. 1. marked by great passion or zeal 2. extremely hot; burning fervid restrained, impassive fervor [fә rvәr] n. 1. great warmth and intensity of emotion 2. intense heat ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic (OPPOSITE) fervor : zealot :: improvidence : spendthrift :: doubt : skeptic improvident ; not providing for the future; thriftless zealotry lack of fervor fervor, favor indifference, apathy fester [f'est :r] fester heal v. ( ) ; ; fetid [fétid, fí tid] a. : having a heavy offensive smell grating : sound :: fetid : smell :: ugly : appearance :: cacophonous, grating : sound fetid : odor :: sentimental : feeling (DEFECTIVE) fetid having a pleasant smell fetter [fétәr] n. ;, 1. a chain or shackle for the angles or feet 2. something that serves to restrict; a restraint enfranchise, liberate enfetter enfranchise ; ( ) liberalistic enfetterist fetter release, loose, set free management unfettered liberty feudal a., 1. of, relating to, or characteristic of feudalism( ) 2. of or elating to lands held in fee or to the holding of such lands fiasco [fiǽskou] n. : a complete failure fiasco a notable success, eclat, unalloyed success eclat <eiklá:>, ;, fickle [fíkәl] a., ;, characterized by erratic changeableness or instability, especially with regard to affections or attachments; capricious fickle : constancy :: naive : sophistication fictitious [fiktíʃәs] a. : IMAGINARY 1. of, relating to, or characterized by fiction; imaginary 2. a. accepted or assumed for the sake of convention b. adopted or assumed in order to deceive 3. not genuinely believed or felt; sham fictitious factual fidelity [fidélәti, fai-] n., 1. faithfulness to obligations, duties, or observances 2. exact correspondence with fact or with a given quality, condition, or event; accuracy respect : baseness :: trust : infidelity (OPPOSITE) ( ) baseness the quality or state of being contemptible, mean-spirited, or selfish apostasy fidelity apostasy ; fidget [f'id3it] v., 1. to behave or move nervously or restlessly 2. to play or fuss; fiddle fidget : nervousness :: cringe : dread cringe ;, figurative [fígjәrәtiv] a. : EMBLEMATIC 1. a. based on or making use of figures of speech; metaphorical b. containing many figures of speech; ornate 2. represented by a figure or resemblance; symbolic or emblematic 3. of or relating to artistic representation by means of animal or human figures figurative literal figurine [f`igjur'i:n.] n. : a small molded or sculptured figure; a statuette figurine : status :: twig : branch filibuster [fílәbʌ stәr] n. : the use of obstructionist tactics, especially prolonged speechmaking, for the purpose of delaying legislative action filibuster : delay :: hoax : deceive filibuster : delay :: prevarication : deceive hoax, ; filibuster : legislation :: blockade : commerce blockade, filibuster : delay :: anodyne : relieve anodyne, filigree [fílәgrì ] n. (, ) ( ) : an intricate, delicate, or fanciful ornamentation chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy chiaroscuro <kià:rәskjúәrou> ( ) tapestry chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : delicacy, intricacy filigree : wire :: lace : thread filing [f'ailiŋ] n. filing : metal :: shaving : wood filly [fíli] n. : a young female horse filly : horse :: pullet : chicken pullet filter [fíltәr] n. winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities mosquito : netting :: impurity : filter finale [fin'æli] n. ; finale beginning, genesis, inception, initiation, opening scene, origin, prologue, rise, root, source, start genesis ; the coming into being of something; the origin inception, the beginning of something, such as an undertaking; a commencement finch [fintʃ] [, ] finch : bird :: aspen : tree :: lizard : reptile : eagle : bird aspen (, ) arboretum : tree finesse [finés] n., 1. refinement and delicacy of performance, execution, or artisanship 2. skillful, subtle handling of a situation; tactful, diplomatic

maneuvering gauche : finesse :: spontaneous : planning (OPPOSITE) gauche <gouʃ>, ;, finesse ineptitude, heavy-handedness inept, ; finicky [fíniki] a.,, insisting capriciously on getting just what one wants; difficult to please; fastidious meticulous : finicky :: fluent : glib fixed a. 1. firmly in position; stationary 2. determined; established; set 3. not subject to change or variation; constant fixed mobile flaccid [flǽksid] a., ; 1. lacking firmness, resilience, or muscle tone 2. lacking vigor or energy flaccidity : firmness :: durable : weariness (OPPOSITE) durable, weary, ;, flaccidity firmness flag [flæg] v.,,, ( 1. to hang limply; droop 2. to decline in vigor or strength 3. to decline in interest flag : country :: trademark : company flag : vigor :: waver : resolution flag wax wax,, (, ) flagging [flǽgiŋ] a., : LANGUID, WEAK 1. declining; weakening 2. languid; drooping languid,, ;, flagging thriving, vibrant vibrant, ; vigorous, lively, and vital unflagging fading flagrant [fléigrәnt] adj. 1. Conspicuously bad, offensive, or reprehensible See Usage Note at blatant. 2. Obsolete Flaming; blazing. flam [flæm] n., 1. a lie or hoax; a deception 2. nonsense; drivel flam true story flamboyant [flæmbɔíәnt] a., 1 highly elaborate; ornate 2. richly colored; resplendent 3. marked by striking audacity or verve 4. given to ostentatious display; showy furtive : openness :: flamboyant : reserve flamboyant understated, subdued (1순위) flamboyant natural (2순위) flange [flændʒ] n. ; ( ) : a protruding rim, edge, rib, or collar, as on a wheel or a pipe shaft, used to strengthen an object, hold it in place, or attach it to another object flannel [flǽnl] n. [ ]; (pl.) flannel : cloth :: linen : fabric linen, ; ( ) flatter [flǽtәr] vt. : to compliment excessively and often insincerely, especially to win favor flattery : praise :: loquaciousness : talkativeness (A >> B) loquacious very talkative; garrulous talkative marked by or having a disposition to talk garrulous given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk; tiresomely talkative sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation extortion, ; ( ) extort to obtain from another by coercion or intimidation toady : flatter :: extortionist : intimidation :: querulous person : complain toady a person who flatters or defers to others for selfserving reasons; a sycophant sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuation sabbatical ; infatuation, ; / castigate, excoriate, invective flatter flaw [flɔ ] n. 1. an imperfection, often concealed, that impairs soundness 2. a defect or shortcoming in something intangible ) 3. a defect in a legal document that can render it invalid glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error, sin, offense glitch a minor malfunction, mishap, or technical problem impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile (OPPOSITE) impeccable ; having no flaws; perfect ingenuous, ;, flax [flæks] n. clay : porcelain :: flax : linen (A = B의 재료) fledge [fledʒ] vt.( ) ; ( ) ; 1. to take care of (a young bird) until it is ready to fly 2. to cover with or as if with feathers 3. to provide (an arrow) with feathers fledge molt molt, fledgling experienced practitioner(명), mature(형) fledgling ;, full-fledged defective flee [fli:] v. ; 1. to run away, as from trouble or danger 2. to pass swiftly away; vanish flee plod fleeting [flí tiŋ] a., : passing quickly; ephemeral fleeting : pass :: meteoric : rise (CHARACTER ::?? ) ( ) meteoric ;, perennial fleeting perennial, ; flexible [fléksәbәl] a. ;, : PLIANT, TRACTABLE 1. a. capable of being bent or flexed; pliable b. capable of being bent repeatedly without injury or damage 2. susceptible to influence or persuasion; tractable 3. responsive to change; adaptable adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty (EQUAL) limber, spindly slender and elongated, especially in a way that

suggests weakness frail, ; static : moving :: pliable : inflexible (OPPOSITE) flexibility : spinelessness :: courage : daredevilry, foolhardiness (A << B) spineless ;, ; lacking courage or willpower daredevil recklessly bold calcification flexibility flexible mulish flighty [fláiti] a., 1. a. given to capricious or unstable behavior b. characterized by irresponsible or silly behavior 2. easily excited; skittish sedate flighty, roil sedate, ; flicker [flíkәr] v. : to move irregularly or unsteadily : FLUTTER flinch [flintʃ] v., 1. to start or wince involuntarily, as from surprise or pain 2. to recoil, as from something unpleasant or difficult; shrink grisly : flinch :: droll : laugh grisly ; inspiring repugnance; gruesome droll, amusingly odd or whimsically comical solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch (명 : 동, A B) solicitude, care or concern, as for the well-being of another flinch : fear :: grimace : pain grimace, stoic flinch ( ) stoic seemingly indifferent to or unaffected by pleasure or pain flint [flint] n. ; ; pestle : grind :: flint stone : sharpen ( ) :: flint stone : spark pestle, mortar flippant [fl'ip nt] a., : marked by disrespectful levity or casualness; pert pert,, flippant : respect, sincerity :: nonchalant : concern nonchalant, ;, seeming to be coolly unconcerned or indifferent flip : respect :: nonchalant : concern (OPPOSITE) flippancy seriousness, gravity, sobriety, austerity sobriety <sәbráiәti>, ;, flippant reverential, earnest, grave, serious flirt [flә rt] n. v. 1. to make playfully romantic or sexual overtures 2. to deal playfully, triflingly, or superficially with 3. to move abruptly or jerkily flirt : decency :: decency, ;, supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious flit [flit] v. 1. to move about rapidly and nimbly 2. to move quickly from one condition or location to another nimble, ;, flit : move :: blurt : utter blurt to utter suddenly and impulsively flit plod plod ; flock [flɑk / flɔk] n. [,, ] clique : intimates :: flock : sheep herd : animals :: flock : birds flock segregate segregate / ; ( ) florid [fl'o:rid] a., ;, 1. flushed with rosy color; ruddy 2. very ornate; flowery florid solemn, inane ( ) inane, ; flounder [fláundәr] vi. 1. to make clumsy attempts to move or regain one's balance 2. to move or act clumsily and in confusion flounder : process :: flounder slide, act gracefully slide to move over a surface while maintaining smooth, continuous contact flourish [flә riʃ, flʌŕiʃ] vi. : THRIVE 1. to grow well or luxuriantly; thrive 2. to do or fare well; prosper 3. to be in a period of highest productivity, excellence, or influence 4. to make bold, sweeping movements flourish wither, waste away flourish lack of embellishment flout [flaut] v., : to show contempt for; scorn flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge (A >> B) taunt, to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or contemptuous manner fluctuate [flʌḱtʃuèit] vi. 1. to vary irregularly 2. to rise and fall in or as if in waves pristine : decay :: stable : fluctuation pristine ;, partial : equalize :: constant : fluctuate (OPPOSITE) fluctuate remain steady fluctuation invariance fluent [flú әnt] a. : POLISHED 1. a. able to express oneself readily and effortlessly b. flowing effortlessly; polished 2. flowing or moving smoothly; graceful 3. flowing or capable of flowing; fluid fluent : glib :: humorous : wry :: meticulous : finicky, nitpick (DEFECTIVE) glib, wry <rai> ; dryly humorous finicky, nitpick to be concerned with or find fault with insignificant details fluent halting fluke [flu k] n., 1. a stroke of luck 2. a chance occurrence; an accident fluke predicted/expected occurrence flurry [flә ri, flʌŕi] n. : a gust of wind, a brief light snowfall flush [flʌʃ] v. (, ) ;, 1. to turn red, as from fever, embarrassment, or strong emotion; blush 2. to glow, especially with a reddish color 3. to flow and spread suddenly and abundantly, as from

containment; flood 4. to be emptied or cleaned by a rapid flow of water, as a toilet galvanize : stimulate :: irrigate : flush irrigate, ; fluster [flʌśtә r] v. : to make or become nervous or upset flustered calm fluvial [flú viәl] a. ; ( ) 1. of, relating to, or inhabiting a river or stream 2. produced by the action of a river or stream fluvial : river :: sidereal : star sidereal, foible [fɔíb-әl] n., : WEAKNESS 1. a minor weakness or failing of character 2. the weaker section of a sword blade, from the middle to the tip squabble : dispute :: foible : failing (A << B) squabble squabble : quarrel :: foible : failing (A << B) tiff : squabble :: foible : failing (A << B) tiff, ; foible : fault, flaw :: quibble : objection forbidding [fә rbídiŋ] a., ;, foil [fɔil] n., ( ) v., ;, 1. tending or threatening to impede progress 2. unpleasant; disagreeable v. 1. to prevent from being successful; thwart 2. to obscure or confuse (a trail or scent) so as to evade ford [fɔ rd] n. pursuers foil : metal :: veneer : wood foil abet, alleviate, implement, soothe : a shallow place in a body of water, such as a river, where one can cross by walking or riding on an animal or in a vehicle ford : river :: pass : mountain foliage [fóuliidʒ] n. ; pass, ;, ; 1. a. plant leaves, especially tree leaves, considered as a group b. a cluster of leaves 2. an ornamental representation of leaves, stems, and flowers, especially in architecture plumage : bird :: foliage : bush plumage ( ), ; ( ) folly [fɑĺi / fɔĺi] n., 1. a lack of good sense, understanding, or foresight 2. a. an act or instance of foolishness b. a costly undertaking having an absurd or ruinous outcome folly sagacity sagacity, the quality of being discerning, sound in judgment, and farsighted foment [foumént] vt. : ROUSE, INCITE 1. to promote the growth or development of; incite 2. to treat (the skin, for example) by fomentation conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate conducive, tending to cause or bring about; contributive disseminate : information :: foment : discontentment disseminate, ; defuse foment defuse ; ( ) to make less dangerous, tense, or hostile foment pacify, allay, alleviate, impede, inhibit, placate, pacify, quash, quell, soothe, stifle, thwart quell, squelch foment, instigate, rouse fondness [fɑńdnis / fɔńd-] n. 1. warm affection or liking 2. a strong inclination or preference; a taste, fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness (A >> B) foolproof [f'u:lpr`u:f] a., 1. designed so as to be impervious to human incompetence, error, or misuse 2. effective; infallible foolproof : fail :: airtight : leak foolhardy [fú lhɑ rdi] a. : RASH : unwisely bold or venturesome; rash footloose [fútlù s] a. : having no attachments or ties; free to do as one pleases dauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachment :: unversed : familiarity (A = B가 없는) trepidation,,, unversed, footloose attached forebear [fɔ rbɛ ә r] n. ANCESTOR : a person from whom one is descended; an ancestor forebear descendants forbearance [fo :rb' : r ns] forbearance impatience forerunner [f'o :rr' n :r] n., ; ; n. ;, 1. a. one that precedes, as in time; a predecessor b. an ancestor; a forebear 2. a. one that comes before and indicates the approach of another; a harbinger b. a warning sing or symptom forerunner adherent forestall [fɔ rstɔ l] v., ; ( ) 1. to delay, hinder, or prevent by taking precautionary measures beforehand 2. to deal with or think of beforehand; anticipate 3. to prevent or hinder normal sales in (a market) by buying up merchandise, discouraging persons from bringing their goods to market, or encouraging an increase in prices in goods already on sale forestall abet, precipitate forestry [fɔ ( )ristri, fɑŕ-] n., 1. a. the science and art of cultivating, maintaining, and developing forests b. the management of a forestland 2. a forestland tree : forestry :: flower : horticulture horticulture forest : tree :: fur : hair foreword [fɔ rwә rd], : a preface or an introductory note, as for a book, especially by a person other than the author foreword : introductory :: appellation : designate appellation <æ pәle iʃәn>,, ; forfeit n., ; ;, something surrendered or subject to surrender as

punishment for a crime, an offense, an error, or a breach of contract forgery [fɔ rdʒәri] n. : the act of forging, especially the illegal production of something counterfeit plagiarism : ideas :: forgery : documents rustling : cattle plagiarism <ple idʒiәrìzәm> ; plagiarize rustle, ; forger : metal :: miller : grain forger ; formidable [fɔ rmidәb-әl] a., 1. arousing fear, dread, or alarm 2. inspiring awe, admiration, or wonder 3. difficult to undertake, surmount, or defeat formidable comforting, simple, reassuring, enticing, genial, negligible, reassuring forsake [f :rs'eik] v. ; 1. to give up (something formerly held dear); renounce 2. to leave altogether; abandon forsake uphold forte [f'o :rtei] n., ; ( foible) 1. something in which a person excels 2. the strong part of a sword blade, between the middle and the hilt(, ) forte weak point forthright [fɔ rɵràit] a., : direct and without evasion; straightforward acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile acrid ( ) ; furtive open, forthright, brassy brassy ; ;, forthright backhanded backhanded ;, oblique or roundabout fortify [fɔ rtәfài] vt. : ENCOURAGE : to make strong debilitated fortified vitiate fortify vitiate, enervate, vitiate fortify, strengthen vitiate ; / foundry [fáundri] n. ; mill : grain :: foundry : metal blacksmith : foundry :: artist : studio :: chemist : lab blacksmith fracas [fréikәs / frǽkɑ ] ( ),, : a noisy, disorderly fight or quarrel fracas peaceful discussion fracture [frǽktʃә r] v. : RUPTURE, TEAR 1. to cause to break 2. to disrupt or destroy as if by breaking 3. to abuse or misuse flagrantly, as by violating rules flagrant ; conspicuously bad, offensive, or reprehensible rupture, ; ( ) to break open cement fracture fragile [frǽdʒәl / -dʒail] a., ; ; 1. easily broken, damaged, or destroyed; frail 2. lacking physical or emotional strength; delicate 3. lacking substance; tenuous or flimsy fragile : break :: porous : penetrate :: flammable : burn porous ; limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty limber, ;, spindly slender and elongated, especially in a way that suggests weakness frail, ;, fragility strength fragment [fr'ægm nt] v. : to break or separate (something) into fragments fragment coalesce fragrant [fréigrәnt] adj. : having a sweet or pleasant smell. synonyms see ODOROUS frail [freil] a. ;, ; 1. physically weak; delicate 2. not strong or substantial; slight 3. easily broken or destroyed; fragile 4. easily led astray; morally weak spindly : frailty :: limber : flexibility spindly slender and elongated, especially in a way that suggests weakness frail not easy to crumb frailty hardness, stamina foster [fɔ ( )stә r, fɑś-] vt. : ENCOURAGE 1. to bring up; nurture 2. to promote the growth and development of; cultivate 3. to nurse; cherish cherish, ; ( ) foster retract, stifle, thwart stifle, ;, ; ; ( ) founder [fáundә r] vt. ; ;, ( ) : SINK 1. to sink below the water 2. to cave in; sink 3. to fail utterly; collapse foundation : building :: root : tree founder stay aloft, afloat aloft in or into a high place; high or higher up founder succeed fraternize [frǽtә rnàiz], 1. to associate with others in a brotherly or congenial way 2. to associate on friendly terms with an enemy or opposing group, often in violation of discipline or orders fraternizing unrelated to fraud n., ;, ;, 1. a deception deliberately practiced in order to secure unfair or unlawful gain 2. a piece of trickery; a trick 3. a. one that defrauds; a cheat b. one who assumes false pose; an impostor fraudulent [frɔ dʒulәnt] a., : DECEITFUL 1. engaging in fraud; deceitful 2. characterized by, constituting, or gained by fraud authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical (OPPOSITE) hypocrisy hoax : fraudulent :: paragon : excellent hoax ( ) ;

fraught a.,... 1. filled with a specified element or elements; charged 2. fully provided 3. marked by distress; upsetting freak [fri k] n. 1. a sudden and odd or seemingly pointless idea or turn of the mind 2. a seemingly capricious action or event freelance n. nomad : domicile :: freelance : employer nomad ; domicile, ; 1. a residence; a home 2. one's legal residence freelancer [frí lǽnsәr, -lɑ nsәr] n. : a person who pursues a profession without a long-term commitment to any one employer freewheel [frí hwí l] vi. ( ) ; friendship [fr'end `ip] 1. to continue turning or spinning after disengagement friendship hostility from the drive mechanism 2. to live or move freely and sometimes aimlessly or irresponsibly 3. to operate independently or free of restraints frenetic [frinétik] a., : wildly excited or active; frantic; frenzied energetic : frenetic :: firm : obdurate (A << B) obdurate, frenetic composed, uninterested frenzy [frénzi] n., 1. a state of violent mental agitation or wild excitement 2. temporary madness or delirium 3. a mania; a craze convulsion : contraction :: frenzy : emotion convulsion ; ; (, ), calm : frenzy :: serene : tumultuous (OPPOSITE) calmness : frenzy :: abandon : inhibition abandon n. a complete surrender of inhibitions energetic : frenetic, frenzied :: firm : obdurate, obstinate (A << B) agitated : frenetic :: literate : erudite (A << B) equanimous, pleasing conform, equanimity, (calmness); (resignation) friable [fráiәb-әl] a. : easily crumbled; brittle friable : crumble :: malleable : alter :: lucid : comprehend malleable ( ) ;, impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible (OPPOSITE) impervious, ; combustible ; friable not easily crumbled, resistance to be pulverized, substantial, difficult to be crumbled, unable to crumble pulverize, to pound, crush, or grind to a powder or dust; to demolish friction [fríkʃ-әn] n. 1. the rubbing of one object or surface against another 2. conflict, as between persons having dissimilar ideas or interests; clash abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration :: vaporized : heat n.,, frieze [fri z] n. ( ) frieze : building :: illumination : manuscript illumination manuscript ; frieze : ornament :: pillar : support frigid [frídʒid] a. ;, 1. extremely cold 2. lacking warmth of feeling 3. stiff and formal in manner 4. persistently averse to sexual intercourse soaking : damp :: frigid : cool (A >> B) sweltering frigid sweltering ; oppressively hot and humid fringe [frind3] n. ( ) ;,, fringe center fritter [frítә r] v. : to spend or waste bit by bit, on trifles, or without commensurate return - usually used with away frequency [fr'i:kw nsi] n., ;, ; v.t. ; : to pay frequent visits to; be in or at often frequency : pitch :: wavelength : color frequent avoid, shun, visit rarely frequency rarity fresco [fréskou] n. fresco : wall :: parquetry : floor parquetry ( ) fret [fret] v., : to become vexed or worried draconian : inclemency :: fretting : vexation inclement <inkle mәnt>, ; 1. stormy 2. showing no clemency; unmerciful fret assuage fretful [fr'etf l] a., 1. inclined to be vexed or troubled; peevish 2. marked by worry and distress; troublesome fretful comforting, conforming, conciliating, displaying equanimity, frivolous [frívәlәs] a. ; 1. unworthy of serious attention; trivial 2. inappropriately silly frivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion (OPPOSITE) brash, ;, frivolous somber, grave, sober somber ; ; serious; grave sober ; ;, frivolous lugubrious ( ) lugubrious, frivolousness temperance, grandeur grandeur,, frond [fr nd] n. (, ) frond : fern :: needle : pine fern frond : leaf :: boulder : rock frothy [frɔ ɵi / frɔ ɵi] a., 1. made of, covered with, or resembling froth; foamy 2. playfully frivolous in character or content frothy weighty weighty ; ; (influential)

frowsy, frowzy [fráuzi] a., ; fungus [fʌńdʒai, fʌ ŋgai] n. (, ) fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist 1. unkempt; slovenly 2. having an unpleasant smell; musty furnace [fә rnis] n. ( ), ; dapper frowzy dapper,, a. neatly dressed; trim b. very stylish in dress frowzy original, striking fructuous [frʌḱtʃuәs] adj. : fruitful fructuous <> barren frugal [frú g-әl] a., 1. practicing or marked by economy, as in the expenditure of money or the use of material resources 2. costing little; inexpensive parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride (A >> B) hubris, overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance frugal : penurious :: deferential : sycophantic :; firm : obdurate :: complaint : obsequious (A << B) frugal : impecunious :: temperate : sober impecunious, lacking money; penniless frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant (A << B) frugal : parsimonious :: attentive : obsequious frugal prodigal, sumptuous sumptuous, ;, frugality extravagancy frustrate [frʌśtreit] v. 1. a. to prevent from accomplishing a purpose or fulfilling a desire; thwart b. to cause feelings of discouragement or bafflement in 2. to make ineffectual or invalid; nullify frustrate abet full-bodied [fúlbɑ did / - bɔ d-] a. ; 1. having richness and intensity of flavor or aroma 2. rich and intense full-bodied : flavor :: resonant : sound resonant ( ), ; fulminate [fʌĺmәnèit] v. ; 1. to issue a thunderous verbal attack or denunciation 2. to explode or detonate fulminate : criticize :: adulate : flatter (A >> B) adulate to praise or admire excessively; fawn on flatter to compliment excessively and often insincerely, especially to win favor fulmination praise fulsome [fúlsәm, fʌĺ-] a. ( ), 1. offensively flattering or insincere 2. offensive to the taste or sensibilities courageous : bravado :: complimentary : fulsomeness (A << B) bravado ; fumble [fʌḿb-әl] v. ; 1. to touch or handle nervously or idly 2. to grope awkwardly to find or to accomplish something 3. to proceed awkwardly and uncertainly; blunder fumble handle adroitly fungible [fʌńdʒәb-әl] adj. : being of such a nature that one part or quantity may be replaced by another equal part or quantity in the satisfaction of an obligation fungible <> unique 1. an intensely hot place 2. severe test or trial furnace : heat :: generator : electricity furor [fjúrɔ r, fjúrә r] n., 1. a general commotion; public disorder or uproar 2. violent anger; frenzy 3. a fashion adopted enthusiastically by the public; a fad 4. a state of intense excitement or ecstasy furor, havoc serenity havoc, furtive [fә rtiv] a., : SURREPTITIOUS, CLANDESTINE 1. characterized by stealth; surreptitious 2. expressive of hidden motives or purposes; shifty caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive :: discontent : unsatisfied (명 : 형) furtive : open :: flippant : reserved :: flamboyant : reserved flippant, marked by disrespectful levity of casualness furtive : openness :: flamboyant : reserve flamboyant ( ) ;, ; furtive open, forthright, brassy, aboveboard, candid, sublime, shamelessly bold, overt brassy ;,, cheap and showy; flashy sublime, ;, overt, (obvious) furtively candidly, openly fury [fjú-әri] n., ;, 1. violent anger; rage 2. violent, uncontrolled actin; turbulence effervescence : feeling :: fury : anger effervesce <èfәrve s> ;, fuse [fju:z] v.,, 1. to liquefy or reduce to a plastic state by heating; melt 2. to mix (constituent elements) together by or as if by melting; blend fuse rend rend, fuss [fʌs] v., ; 1. to trouble or worry over trifles 2. to be excessively careful or solicitous 3. to get into or be in a state of nervous or useless 4. to object; complain assert : belabor :: tend : fuss (A << B) belabor, ; garrulous : talkative :: fussy : careful (A >> B) garrulous given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk; tiresomely talkative fusty [fʌśti] a. ;, : rigidly old-fashioned or reactionary 1. smelling of mildew( ) or decay; musty 2. old-fashioned; antique musty, ;, ; fusty fresh futility [fju tílәti] n.,, ; / : USELESSNESS 1. the quality of having no useful result; uselessness 2. lack of importance or purpose; frivolousness

3. a futile act bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence :: void : empty (EQUAL) bootless, without advantage or benefit; useless effulgent, shining brilliantly; resplendent interesting : intriguing :: bootless : futile (EQUAL) futile efficacious, wholesome efficacious futility effectiveness 3. to irk or exasperate; vex gall pacify, appease, assuage, calm, lull, placate lull, ; gallant [g'æl nt] a. ;, ;, 1. smartly or boldly stylish; dashing 2. a. unflinching in battle or action; valiant b. nobly or selflessly resolute 3. stately; majestic stately,, gallant craven gadfly [gǽdflài] n. 1. a persistent, irritating critic; a nuisance 2. one that acts as a provocative stimulus; a goad 3. nuisance, ; one that is inconvenient, annoying, or vexatious; a bother gadfly : goad :: humorist : amuse goad n. ; v. ; annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl churl ; a rude, boorish person G galley [g'æli] n. ;, : the kitchen of an airliner or a ship galley : ship :: kitchen : house galling [gɔ liŋ] a. : VEXING : causing extreme irritation or chagrin; vexing galling placating placate, ; ( ) to ally the anger of, especially by making concessions galvanize [gǽlvәnàiz] v. ; ;, 1. to stimulate or excite as if by an electric current 2. to arouse to awareness or action; spur 3. to coat (iron or steel) with rust-resistant zinc galvanize : stimulate :: irritate : flush (A >> B) flush ( ) ; ( ) gadget n. ; irritate to rouse to impatience or anger; annoy : a small specialized mechanical or electronic device galvanize lull, allay gadgets : tools :: trinkets : jewelry allay ( ) ; ( ) trinket ; gaffe [gæf] n., : a clumsy social error; blatant mistake or misjudgment gaffe : social :: malapropism : verbal malapropism ludicrous misuse of a word, especially by confusion with one of similar sound gaffe : tactless :: exploit : heroic (CHARACTER) tact, miscalculation : judgment :: gaffe : decorum decorum, ; illusion : perception :: gaffe : judgment gainful [g'inf l] a., ; : providing a gain; profitable gainful unremunerative remunerative, (profitable); gainsay [gèinséi] v., 1. to declare false; deny 2. to oppose, especially by contradiction gainsay affirm, conform, confirm, assent to, aver, speak in support of, concur aver to affirm positively; declare gait [geit] n., 1. a particular way or manner of walking or moving on foot 2. rate or manner of proceeding gait : walk :: parlance : speak :: mnemonic : remember parlance, ; galaxy [gǽlәksi] n. galaxy : stars :: archipelago : island archipelago <à:rkәpe lәgòu> ;, gall [go:l] v. ( ) ; 1. to make (the skin) sore by abrasion 2. to damage or break the surface of by or as if by friction; abrade gamble [gǽmbәl] v. ;, : to engage in reckless or hazardous behavior adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble adamant, impervious to pleas, appeals, or reason; stubbornly unyielding gambol [gǽmbәl] v. : to leap about playfully; frolic gambol plod plod, ; gangling, gangly [gǽŋgliŋ] a. : awkwardly tall or long-limbed; rangy rangy, gangly stalwart gangway n. ; (, ) gangway : ship :: drawbridge : castle garble [gɑ rbәl] v. ;, 1. to mix up or distort to such an extent as to make misleading or incomprehensible 2. to scramble (a signal or message), as by erroneous encoding or faulty transmission correct : accurate :: garble : unintelligible ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity ramshackle ; ; garbled : comprehend :: obscured : recognized garble elucidate, report accurately elucidate to make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify gargantuan [gɑ rgǽntʃuәn] a., : of immense size, volume, or capacity; gigantic gargantuan : large :: excruciating : painful (A >> B) excruciate

minute, minuscule gargantuan minuscule ;, garish [gɛ әriʃ] a. 1. a. marred by strident color or excessive ornamentation; gaudy b. loud and flashy 2. glaring; dazzling garish : color :: prying : inquisitive :: garish : colorful :: fawn : attentive (A >> B) pry to look or inquire closely, curiously, or inquisitively, often in a furtive manner stridency : sound :: garishness : appearance (DEFECTIVE) strident ( ) loud harsh, grating, or shrill; discordant fawning : attentive :: garish : colorful :: bumptious : assertive (A >> B) bumptious, crudely or loudly assertive; pushy garrulous [gǽrjәlәs] a. ; 1. given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk; tiresomely talkative 2. wordy and rambling garrulous : talkative :: cloying : sweet :: fussy : careful (A >> B) cloy garrulous, loquacious : words :: prodigal : money garrulity taciturnity gash [gæʃ] n. 1. a long, deep cut 2. a deep flesh wound cleft : chasm :: cut : gash (A << B) chasm gasification [gæ sәfikéiʃәn] n., gasification, vaporization solidification gauche [gouʃ] a. : CRUDE : lacking social experience or grace; tactless gauche : finesse :: spontaneous : planning (OPPOSITE) cacophony : voice :: gaucherie : skill gaucheness polish gaudy [gɔ di] a. ( ) : showy in a tasteless or vulgar way gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak, language grandiloquence pompous or bombastic speech or expression gauge [geidʒ] v., 1. to measure precisely 2. to determine the capacity, volume, or contents of 3. to evaluate or judge 4. to adapt to a specified measurement 5. to mix (plaster) in specific proportions 6. to chip or rub (bricks or stones) to size scale : weight :: measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter :: plumb : depth gauge : pressure (gauge ) ( ) gawky [gɔ ki] adj. : awkward, clumsy gawky adept gear [giәr] n. gear : tooth :: screw : thread (A B) gelid [dʒélid] adj. : extremely cold : ICY gelid <> steamy genealogy [dʒì niǽlәdʒi, -ɑĺ-, dʒèn-] n., ;, 1. a record or table of the descent of a person, family, or group from an ancestor or ancestors; a family tree 2. direct descent from an ancestor; lineage or pedigree 3. the study or investigation of ancestry and family histories pedigree, ;,, garment [gɑ rmәnt] n. : an article of clothing hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt :: molding : cabinet (장식의 일종) hem ( ), ruffle, ; ;, generality [dʒènәrǽlәti] n. molding, ; tarpaulin : covering :: raincoat : garment ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity ecumenical, of worldwide scope or applicability; tarpaulin <ta:rpɔ :lin> universal generic specific garner [g' :rn :r] v., ;, 1. to gather and store in or as if in a granary generosity [d3`en r' s ti] n., 2. to amass; acquire 1. liberality in giving or willingness to give 2. nobility of thought or behavior; magnanimity 3. amplitude; abundance 4. a generous act generosity stinginess genial [dʒí njәl, -niәl] a.,, ;, 1. having a pleasant or friendly disposition or manner; cordial and kindly 2. conducive to life, growth, or comfort; mild resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality genial : bonhomie :: diplomatic : tact bonhomie <bánәmì:>, genial caustic, dyspeptic, mordant, truculent dyspeptic ; mordant, bitingly sarcastic; bitingly painful truculent, ;, caustic palliating, genial dour congenial, genial dour genteel [dʒentí l] a. ; : POLITE 1. refined in manner; well-bred and polite 2. free from vulgarity or rudeness 3. elegantly stylish 4. a. striving to convey a manner or an appearance of refinement and respectability b. marked by affected and somewhat prudish refinement genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear intrepid, resolutely courageous; fearless truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse truculent, ;, regenerate, ;, remorse, moral anguish arising from repentance for past misdeeds; bitter regret genteel loutish, churlish loutish ; awkward, stupid, and boorish churlish,

genuine [dʒénjuin] a. ; : ACTUAL, TRUE genuine : authenticity :: entire : integrity spurious genuine spurious lacking authenticity or validity in essence or origin; not genuine; false germane [dʒә rméin] a. : FITTING : being both pertinent and fitting germane irrelevant, inappropriate gibe [dʒaib] v. / : to deride or tease with taunting words apologize : regret :: gibe : derision (동 : 명) condolence : sympathy, compassion :: gibe : derision condolence, sympathy with a person who has experienced pain, grief, or misfortune 2. an everglade everglade a tract of marshland, usually under water and covered in places with tall grass oasis : desert :: glade : wood gladiator n. ; gladiator : arena :: lawyer : courtroom glamorize [glǽmәràiz] vt. ; : ROMANTICIZE gerrymander [d3'erim`ænd :r] v. ; 1. to make glamorous 2. to treat or portray in a romantic manner; idealize or glorify gerrymander : district :: rig : contest glamorous, ; rig ;, ; ( ) glance [glæns, glɑ ns] n. a brief or cursory look peck : kiss :: glance : look gesture [dʒéstʃәr] n. peck ( ) ; ; parody : style :: mime : gesture (A = B를 흉내 내는 것) glaring [glɛ әriŋ] a., ; ;, ; geyser [gáizәr] n. geyser : water :; volcano : lava 1. shining intensely and blindingly 2. tastelessly showy or bright; garish ghastly [gǽstli / gɑ st-] a., ; 3. conspicuous; obvious 1. inspiring shock, revulsion, or horror by or as if by suggesting death; terrifying 4. staring with anger, fierceness, or hostility glaring unnoticeable 2. suggestive of or resembling ghosts 3. extremely unpleasant or bad glaze [gleiz] v., ; 4. very serious or great ghastly : unpleasant :: (A >> B) : to give a smooth, lustrous surface to glaze : porcelain :: varnish : wood varnish,, ;, glaze rumple rumple, to wrinkle or form into folds or creases glee [gli ], : jubilant delight; joy glee lamentation, mourning, sadness gibberish [dʒíbәriʃ, gíb-] n. / : unintelligible or meaningless language: a : a technical or esoteric language b : pretentious or needlessly obscure language giddy [gídi] a., ; : FRIVOLOUS 1. a. having a reeling, lightheaded sensation; dizzy b. causing or capable of causing dizziness 2. frivolous and lighthearted; flighty giddiness graveness giddy serious, grave ginger [dʒíndʒәr] n. ginger : spice :: (A B) girder n. ; : a horizontal beam, as of steel or wood, used as a main support for a building or bridge truss, girder : support :: ballast : stability truss gist [dʒist] n. : ESSENCE 1. the center idea; the essence 2. (law) the grounds for action in a sit gist trivial point, tangential point glacial [gléiʃәr, gléisjәr] a. ; ; glacial : slow :: glacial : cold :: profound : deep (A >> B) glacier : ice :: sea : water glade [gleid] n. : an open space surrounded by woods 1. an open space in a forest glib [glib] a., ; 1. a. performed with a natural, offhand ease b. showing little thought, preparation, or concern 2. marked by ease and fluency of speech or writing that often suggests or stems from insincerity, superficiality, or deceitfulness fluent : glib :: humorous : wry wry ;, dryly humorous, often with a touch of irony maladroit : skill :: glib : profundity (LACK) glib taciturn, labored, awkward glimmer [glímәr] 1. to emit a dim or intermittent light 2. to appear faintly or indistinctly, glisten [glísn] v. : to shine by reflection with a sparkling luster dingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere dingy, ;, glitch [glitʃ] n., : a minor malfunction, mishap, or technical problem glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error, sin, offense glitch : malfunction, problem :: peccadillo : error gloat [glout] vi. : to feel or express great, often malicious, pleasure or selfsatisfaction primp : vain :: gloat : smug primp to dress or groom (oneself) with meticulous or excessive attention to detail

vain, ;, smug, gloomy [glú mi] a. : MELANCHOLY 1. partially or totally dark, especially dismal and dreary 2. showing or filled with gloom 3. a. causing or producing gloom; depressing b. marked by hopelessness; very pessimistic despondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy :: masterful : skilled (EQUAL) despondent, = dejected saturnine <sæ tәrnàin> ; melancholy or sullen glorify [glɔ rәfài] vt., 1. to give glory, honor, or high praise to; exalt 2. to cause to be or seem more glorious or excellent than is actually the case 3. to give glory to, especially through worship castigation : reproof :: glorification : merit (A >> B ::??) ( ) castigate, to inflict severe punishment on; to criticize severely gloss [glɔ s, glɑs / glɔs] n., ;, ; 1. a. a brief explanatory note or translation of a difficult or technical expression usually inserted in the margin or between lines of a text or manuscript b. a collection of such notes; a glossary 2. an extensive commentary, often accompanying a text or publication 3. a purposefully misleading interpretation or explanation blurb : notice :: gloss : explanation blurb (, ) gloss [gl s] v. / ; 1. to give a bright sheen or luster to 2. to make attractive or acceptable by deception or superficial treatment glossary [glɑśәri, glɔ ( )s-] n. a list of difficult or specialized words with their definitions, often placed at the back of a book glossary : text :: legend : map withstand something avarice : money :: gluttony : food glutton : overindulgence :: ascetic : self denial ascetic ; gluttonous abstemious gnarled [nɑ rld] adj. : full of knots or gnarls : KNOTTY : crabbed in disposition, aspect, or character gnarled <> smooth goad [goud] vt. : SPUR : to prod or urge with or as if with a long pointed stick command : entreaty :: goad : enticement (A >> B) entreaty, an earnest request or petition; a plea gadfly : goad :: humorist : amuse goad check, curb, lull curb, ; gobble [gɑ bәl / gɔ bәl] vt. 1. to devour in large, greedy gulps 2. to take greedily; grab gulp, ;, quaff : sip :: gobble : nibble :: swill : sip nibble swill to drink greedily or grossly gobble : eat :: guzzle : drink goggle [gɑǵәl / gɔǵlә] n. goggles : eyes :: gloves : hands :: earmuff : ear goldbrick [gouldbrìk] n., ; vi. to shirk one's assigned duties or responsibilities evade : answer :: goldbrick : work goodwill [gúdwíl] n., ;, 1. an attitude of kindness or friendliness; benevolence 2. cheerful acquiescence or willingness 3. a good relationship, as of a business enterprise with its customers or a nation with other nations goodwill spleen, rancor spleen, ;, = ill temper rancor ; bitter, long-lasting resentment; deep-seated ill will glossy [glɔ ( )si, glɑśi] a., ;, gorge [gɔ rdʒ] vi. ( ) : GLUT 1. having a smooth, shiny, lustrous surface 2. superficially and often speciously attractive; showy varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth sand / 1. to stuff with food; glut 2. to devour greedily reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge reticent, ; glut [glʌt] v., ; : OVERSUPPLY 1. to fill beyond capacity, especially with food; satiate 2. to flood (a market) with an excess of goods so that supply exceeds demand glut dearth dearth, ; a scare supply; shortage of food; famine glutinous [glú tәnәs] a., : GUMMY, STICKY : of the nature of or resembling glue; sticky etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive glutinous non viscous viscous, glutton [glʌ tn] n. ; 1. a person who eats or consumes immoderate amounts of food and drink 2. a person with an inordinate capacity to receive or gossamer [gɑśәmәr / gɔś-] n. a. ( ) : something light, delicate, or insubstantial gossamer weight, substance gossamer weighty, ponderous gouge [gaudʒ] v. n. 1. a chisel with a rounded, troughlike blade 2. a. a scoping or digging action, as with such a chisel b. a groove or hole scooped with or as if with such a chisel 3. (informal) a large amount, as of money, exacted or extorted hack : carve :: gouge : engrave (A >> B) hack ; gourmand [g'u :rm nd] 1. a lover of good food 2. a gluttonous eater n., ;

gourmand : appetite :: skinflint : thrift skinflint 지독한 구두쇠 gourmet [gúәrmei, -- ] n. a connoisseur of fine food and drink connoisseur ( ) ;, bibliophile : books :: gourmet : food :: aesthete : art :: cineast : film bibliophile, aesthete <e sθi:t> cineast <síniæ st> connoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisine gourmet : eat :: bookworm : read graft [græft, grɑ ft] v., 1. a. to unite (a shoot or bud) with a growing plant by insertion or by placing in close contact b. to join (a plant or plants) by such union 2. to transplant or implant (living tissue, for example) surgically into a bodily part to replace a damaged part or compensate for a defect 3. to join or unite closely graft disjoin grandeur [grǽndʒәr, -dʒuәr] n., : MAGNIFICENCE 1. the quality or condition of being grand; magnificence 2. nobility or greatness of character grandeur :: mean :: (OPPOSITE) grandeur frivolousness frivolous, ; unworthy of serious attention; inappropriately silly to perform ostentatiously so as to impress an audience grandstand : impress :: equivocate : deceive :: proselytize : convert grant [grænt, grɑ nt] vt. 1. to consent to the fulfillment of 2. to accord as a favor, prerogative, or privilege 3. a. to bestow; confer b. to transfer (property) by a deed 4. to concede; acknowledge concede refuse to grant withhold grant withhold ; to keep in check; to refrain from giving, granting, or permitting grapevine [gréipvàin] n. ;, 1. a vine on which grapes grow 2. a. the informal transmission of information, gossip, or rumor from person to person b. a usually unrevealed source of confidential information grapple [grǽpәl] n/v. / : the act or an instance of grappling, a hand-to-hand struggle, a contest for superiority or mastery grate [greit] v., ; ; 1. to reduce to fragments, shreds, or powder by rubbing against an abrasive surface 2. to cause to make a harsh grinding or rasping sound through friction 3. to irritate or annoy persistently grating : sound :: acrid : odor :: fetid : smell acrid (, ), ; fetid, having an offensive odor grate soothe gratify [grǽtәfài] vt. 1. to please or satisfy 2. to give what is desired to; indulge gratify : desire :: slake : thirsty slake (, ) ;, ; aggrieve, irk, rile, nettle, displease gratify aggrieve ; irk, to be irritating, wearisome, or vexing to rile ; to stir to anger; to stir up (liquid) nettle ; to irritate; vex gratis [gréitis, grǽt-] a. : FREE : without charge gratuitous [grәtjú әtәs] a., grandiloquence [grændílәkwәnt] n. 1. given or granted without return or recompense; unearned : pompous or bombastic speech or expression gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak gaudy ; ; showy in a tasteless or vulgar way grandiloquent secretive 2. given or received without cost or obligation; free 3. unnecessary or unwarranted; unjustified gratuitous earned, merited, warranted, justified merited ; warrant, ;, secretive having or marked by an inclination to secrecy; not open, forthright, or frank grave [greiv] a., ; ; ; 1. requiring serious thought; momentous grandiose [grǽndiòus] a. ;, 2. fraught with danger or harm 1. characterized by greatness of scope or intent; grand 2. characterized by feigned or affected grandeur; pompous ephemeral : longevity :: grandiose : humility (OPPOSITE) 3. dignified and somber in conduct or character 4. somber or dark in hue grave insignificant grandiose humble, trivial, modest humble ;, gravel [gr'æv: l] n. ( ) gravel : pebble :: crowd : person grandstand [grændstæǹd] v. ( ) gravity [grǽvәti] n. ;, ;, 1. grave consequence; seriousness or importance 2. solemnity or dignity of manner frivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion frivolous, ;, brash ;, droll, insignificant grave droll, amusingly odd or whimsically comical flippancy, giddiness gravity flippant ; marked by disrespectful levity or casualness; pert giddy, ; greedy [gri:di] 1. excessively desirous of acquiring or possessing, especially wishing to possess more than what one needs or deserves 2. wanting to eat or drink more than one can reasonably consume; gluttonous 3. extremely eager or desirous

greedy generous green a. ; ;, ;, ;, experience : green :: pelf : impecunious pelf, ( ) inexperience : green :: pertinacity : refractory pertinacious,, grisly : flinch :: droll : laugh droll <droul>, amusingly odd or whimsically comical groove [gru v] v. grooved : striation :: braided : strand striate striated : groove :: dappled : spot gregarious [grigɛ әriәs] a., : SOCIAL 1. seeking and enjoying the company of others; sociable 2. tending to move in or form a group with others of the same kind poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness poseur <pouz ә:r> recluse a person who withdraws from the world to live in seclusion and often in solitude gregarious aloof aloof, distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote grievous [grí vәs] a.,, 1. causing grief, pain, or anguish 2. serious or dire; grave grieve to cause to be sorrowful; distress dire, ;, smart : pain :: grieve : sorrow smart ; solace : grief :: pacification : anger solace <sálәs> ( ) comfort in sorrow, misfortune, or distress; consolation grievous slight, joyous grill [grí vәs] v. ; : to question intensely 1. to broil on a gridiron( ) 2. to torture or afflict as if by broiling 3. (informal) to question relentlessly; cross-examine 4. to mark or emboss with a gridiron question : grill :: (A << B) grimace [grímәs, griméis] n. : a sharp contortion of the face expressive of pain, contempt, or disgust contortion : body :: grimace : face :: chagrin : mind contortion (, ), ; contort to twist, wrench, or bend severely out of shape chagrin, grimace : pain :: flinch : fear (A show B) flinch, grin [grin] vi., : to draw back the lips and bare the teeth, as in mirth or good humor pout grin pout, gripe [graip] vt., : to irritate; annoy 1. (informal) to irritate; annoy 2. to cause sharp pain in the bowels of 3. to grasp; seize 4. to oppress or afflict gripe : discontent :: praise : admiration grisly [grízli] a. : inspiring repugnance; gruesome gruesome, causing horror and repugnance; frightful and shocking grotesque [groutésk] a. : FANCIFUL, BIZARRE 1. characterized by ludicrous or incongruous distortion, as of appearance or manner 2. outlandish or bizarre, as in character or appearance 3. of, relating to, or being the grotesque style in art or a work executed in this style imperial : significance :: grotesque : fantasy (A >> B) grotto [grɑ tou / grɔ t-] n. : a small cave or cavern grotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel arroyo <әrɔ iou> ; grouse [graus] (grumble), : to complain; grumble grouse rejoice grove [grouv] n. ; 1. a small wood or stand of trees that lacks dense undergrowth 2. a group of trees planted and cultivated for the production of fruit or nuts grove : trees :: archipelago : islands grovel [grɑ vәl, grʌ vәl / grɔ vәl] vi. ;, 1. to behave in a servile or demeaning manner; cringe 2. to lie or creep in a prostrate position, as in subservience or humility 3. to give oneself over to base pleasure pluck : quit :: pride : grovel (A하면 B하기 어렵다) pluck v., n. minion : dependent :: groveler : petitionary minion, ; petition, imperious : grovel :: (OPPOSITE) growl v.,, ; 1. to emit a low, guttural sound or utterance 2. to speak in an angry or surly manner grudge [grʌdʒ] n.,, : a deep-seated feeling of resentment or rancor grudge goodwill grueling [grú әliŋ] ;, : physically or mentally demanding to the point of exhaustion grueling effortless grumble [grʌḿbәl] v., 1. to complain in a surly manner; mutter discontentedly 2. to rumble or growl guarantee [gæ rәntí ] vt. vouch refuse to guarantee vouch ; guffaw [gʌfɔ, gә-] v. : to laugh heartily and boisterously

guile [gail] n., : DUPLICITY : treacherous cunning; skillful deceit acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile (OPPOSITE) acrid (, ) ; blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless (OPPOSITE) blemish,, to mar or impair by a flaw impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile (OPPOSITE) guile : artless :: blemish : flawless (OPPOSITE) gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination gullible, easily deceived or duped chicanery, deception by trickery or sophistry guile : naif :: tardy : prompt :: sensibility : boor (OPPOSITE) naif, naive ;, artless cunning, guile manipulative guileless manipulative ; guilt [gilt] n., : SELF-REPROACH 1. the fact of being responsible for the commission of an offense 2. (law) culpability for a crime or lesser breach of regulations that carries a legal penalty 3. a. remorseful awareness of having done something wrong b. self-reproach for supposed inadequacy or wrongdoing 4. guilty conduct; sin narcissism : love :: guilt : blame (A >> B) blame, ; ( ) guilt : expiation :: fatigue : repose expiation ( / ) innocence guilt gullible [gʌĺәbәl] a. : easily duped or cheated compliant : servile :: trusting : gullible (A << B) gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied :: wary : gulled (A = B하기 어려운) wary, on guard; watchful; characterized by caution gully [gʌĺi] n., ; : a deep ditch or channel cut in the earth by running water after a prolonged downpour gully : erosion :: callus : friction gulp v., ;, 1. to swallow greedily or rapidly in large amounts 2. to choke back by or as if by swallowing gum [gʌm] n. resin : tree :: gum : rubber plant resin ; gush [gʌʃ] n. v. ( ) 1. to flow forth suddenly in great volume 2. to emit a sudden and abundant flow, as of tears 3. to make an excessive display of sentiment or enthusiasm blast : whiff :: gush : trickle whiff, trickle ( ), ;, gush : effusive :: rage : irate :: fulminate : irate (동 : 형) irate extremely angry; enraged fulminate ; gust [gʌst] n. 1. a strong, abrupt rush of wind 2. a sudden burst, as of rain or smoke 3. an outburst of emotion gust : wind :: cloudburst : rainfall :: flare : light cloudburst ; a sudden, heavy rainstorm; a downpour guzzle [gʌźәl] v. ; : to drink greedily or habitually; to consume to excess complain : carp :: drink : guzzle (A << B) carp, to find fault in a disagreeable way; complain fretfully fretful, H Habit [h'æbit] 1. a. a recurrent, often unconscious pattern of behavior that is acquired through frequent repetition b. an established disposition of the mind or character 2. customary manner or practice 3. an addiction, especially to a narcotic drug 4. physical constitution 5. characteristic appearance, form, or manner of growth, especially of a plant or crystal 6. a. a distinctive dress or costume, especially of a religious order b. a riding habit ( ) habit unwonted behavior habitable [hǽbәtәbәl] a. : suitable to live in or on; inhabitable potable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling untenable habitable untenable ( ) ; hack [hæk] v., ; (, ), ; ( ), 1. to cut or chop with repeated and irregular blows 2. to break up the surface of (soil) n. a person who works solely for mercenary reasons mercenary : soldier :: hack : writer mercenary ; ( ) hack : carve :: gouge : engrave (A >> B) engrave, hackneyed [hæ knid] a. : overfamiliar through overuse; trite; lacking in freshness or originality windy : concise :: hackneyed : original (OPPOSITE) windy ;, ;, ; equivocation : misleading :: bromide, cliche : hackneyed bromide ; a commonplace remark or notion; a platitude hackneyed fresh, offbeat, original offbeat n. a. not conforming to an ordinary type or pattern; unconventional bromide unhackneyed person unhackneyed trite trite lacking power to evoke interest through overuse or repetition; hackneyed hairbreadth, hairsbreadth, hair's-breadth extremely close hairbreadth ample margin halcyon [hǽlsiәn] a. ; 1. peaceful; tranquil 2. prosperous; golden

halcyon tempestuous, stormy, miserable hale [heil] a., : SOUND : free from defect, disease, or infirmity; sound hale infirm, effete, blighted, wan, anemic, decrepid effete <ifí:t>, blight ;, wan <wan>, ;, ; ( ) anemic ; hamstring [hǽmstrìŋ] vt. ( ) ; half-baked [hæfbéikt, hɑ fbéikt] a. ;, : CRIPPLE 1. only partly baked 2. (informal) insufficiently thought out; ill-conceived 3. (informal) exhibiting a lack of good judgment or common sense half-baked well thought of, complete halfhearted [hæfhɑ rtid, hɑ fhɑ rtid] a. exhibiting or feeling little interest, enthusiasm, or heart; uninspired halfhearted enthusiastic hallmark [h'o:lm` :rk] n., ;, 1. a mark indicating quality or excellence 2. a mark used in England to stamp gold and silver articles that meet established standards of purity 3. a conspicuous feature or characteristic hallmark uncharacteristic feature hallow [hǽlou] v. ; 1. to make or set apart as holy 2. to respect or honor greatly; revere hallowed desecrate desecrate <de kәkrèit>, to violate the sacredness of; profane hallucination [hәlù sәnéiʃәn] n., ;, : false perception 1. a. false or distorted perception of objects or events with a compelling sense of their reality, usually resulting from a mental disorder or as a response to a drug b. the objects or events so perceived 2. a false or mistaken idea; a delusion delusion : thought :: hallucination : perception delusion, ; a false belief or opinion halting [hɔ ltiŋ] a.,, 1. hesitant or wavering 2. imperfect; defective stammer : halting :: drone : monotonous fluent halting ham-handed [hǽmhǽndid] a. ; 1. clumsy; maladroit; heavy-handed 2. having unusually large hands ham-handed deft, adroit hammer [h'æm :r] v., 1. to hit, especially repeatedly, with or as if with a hammer; pound 2. to beat into a shape with or as if with a hammer 3. to put together, fasten, or seal, particularly with nails, by hammering 4. to force upon by constant repetition hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar hammer : carpenter :: knife : butcher hammering [hǽmәriŋ] adj. ( ) : to make repeated efforts ; to reiterate an opinion or attitude ; hamper [hǽmpәr] vt. : IMPEDE : to prevent the free movement, action, or progress of n. ; laundry : hamper :: mail : mailbox seminal hampering further development seminal ; (creative); hamper facilitate facilitate, to make easy or easier 1. to cut the hamstring of (an animal or a person) and thereby cripple 2. to make ineffective or powerless; to destroy or hinder the efficiency of; frustrate hamstring : effectiveness :: enervate : vitality hamstring make efficient handle [hǽndl] vt. cumbersome easy to handle cumbersome,, difficult to handle because of weight or bulk hangdog [hæŋdɔ ( )g, hæŋdɑ g] a. ; : SAD, DEJECTED 1. shamefaced or guilty 2. downcast; intimidated hangdog buoyant, elated, merry, sprightly hanker v. to have a strong, often restless desire hankering [hǽŋkәriŋ] n., : YEARN : a strong or persistent desire hankering odium, lack of desire odium, ; odious ; arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure haphazard [hǽphæ zәrd] a., : dependent upon or characterized by mere chance systematic, methodical, orderly, planned haphazard hapless [hǽplis] a. luckless; unfortunate hapless fortunate, lucky happy 1. characterized by good luck; fortunate 2. enjoying, showing, or marked by pleasure, satisfaction, or joy 3. being especially well-adapted; felicitous 4. cheerful; willing happy infelicitous infelicitous, ; harangue [hәrǽŋ] v. 1. a long, pompous speech, especially one delivered before a gathering 2. a speech or piece of writing characterized by strong feeling or expression; a tirade harangue speak temperately harass [hǽrәs, hәrǽs] v., 1. to irritate or torment persistently 2. to wear out; exhaust 3. to impede and exhaust (an enemy) by repeated attacks or raids haunt : familiar :: morass, harass : irritating haunt ; morass ;, harass delight, soothe

harbinger [hɑ rbindʒәr] n., : PRECURSOR : one that indicates or foreshadows what is to come; a forerunner harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify presage,, archetype, harbor [hɑ rbәr] n. v. : to give shelter to; to provide a place, home, or habitat for harbor evict hard-bitten [hɑ rdbítn] a. : toughened by experience hard-bitten tender hardheaded [hɑ rdhédid] a. ; 1. stubborn; willful 2. realistic; pragmatic 3. extremely severe or exacting; stern barb : caustic :: pan : harsh pan ; harshen soften encomium harsh criticism encomium warm, glowing praise; a formal expression of praise; a tribute mollycoddle treat harshly mollycoddle, paean harshly lampoon paean <pí:әn>, lampoon, to ridicule or satirize in or as if in a lampoon harsh serene hasten [héisn] vt. : to move or act quickly hasten slow the progress of, check, retard hard-line [hɑ rdláin] : firm and uncompromising, as in policy, position, or stance hard-liner compromise hardy [hɑ rdi] a. ;, ; 1. being in robust and sturdy good health 2. courageous; intrepid 3. brazenly daring; audacious 4. capable of surviving unfavorable conditions, such as cold weather or lack of moisture hardy feeble, tender, infirm, whimsical hardness frailty harebrained [hɛәrbrèind] a. : FOOLISH foolish; flighty harmonious [hɑ rmóuniәs] a. 1. exhibiting accord in feeling or action 2. having component elements pleasingly or appropriately combined 3. characterized by harmony of sound; melodious harmony : congruity :: clandestine : secrecy acrimonious harmonious acrimonious,, bitter and sharp in language or tone; rancorous harmony discord harness [hɑ rnis] vt. ( ) ; 1. a. to put a harness on b. to fasten by the use of a harness 2. to bring under control and direct the force of harness fail to utilize harp [hɑ rp] n. horn : blow :: harp : pluck harrow [hǽrou] v. ( ) / ;, 1. to break up and level (soil or land) with a harrow 2. to inflict great distress or torment on harrow mollify, assuage harry [hǽri] v. ; 1. to disturb or distress by or as if by repeated attacks; harass 2. to raid, as in war; sack or pillage harry check, comfort, mollify, untrouble harried untroubled harsh [hɑ rʃ] a. 1. unpleasantly coarse and rough to the touch 2. disagreeable to the senses, especially to the sense of hearing hasty [héisti] a., 1. characterized by speed; rapid 2. done or made too quickly to be accurate or wise; rash 3. easily angered; irritable hasty characterized by deliberation, well considered, deliberate hatch n. ( ) ; ; 1. a. an opening, as in the deck of a ship, in the roof or floor of a building, or in an aircraft b. the cover for such an opening c. a hatchway 2. the hinged rear door of a hatchback 3. a floodgate hatchway, door : room :: hatch : hold haunt [hɔ nt, hɑ nt] vt. ; : FREQUENT 1. to inhabit, visit, or appear to in the form of a ghost or other supernatural being 2. to visit often; frequent 3. to come to mind continually 4. to be continually present in; pervade haunt : familiar :: morass, harass : irritating morass ; something that hinders, engulfs, or overwhelms persecute : injure :: haunt : remember persecute ; haunt shun, infrequency shun to avoid deliberately; keep away from shunt, ; ( ) frequent avoid hauteur [houtә r] n. : ARROGANCE, HAUGHTINESS : haughtiness in bearing and attitude; arrogance fawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swagger swagger ; hauteur humility, humbleness haven [héivәn], ; 1. a harbor or an anchorage; a port 2. a place of refuge or rest; a sanctuary haven unsafe place, dangerous place havoc [hǽvәk] n. 1. widespread destruction; devastation 2. disorder or chaos furor, havoc serenity haze [heiz] n. ; ( ) 1. a. atmospheric moisture, dust, smoke, and vapor that diminishes visibility b. a partially opaque covering 2. a vague or confused state of mind

headlong [hedlɔ ŋ / hedlɔ ŋ] a. 거꾸로의; 1. with the head leading; headfirst 2. in an impetuous manner; rashly 3. at breakneck speed or with uncontrolled force headlong deliberate headstrong [hedstrɔ ŋ, hedstrɑ ŋ] a. 1. determined to have one's own way; stubbornly and often recklessly willful 2. resulting from willfulness and obstinacy headstrong : willfulness :: willful, ;, obstinately bent on having one's own way headstrong tractable hearken, harken [hɑ rkәn] v., : to listen attentively; give heed hearken ignore heart [hɑ rt] vt. : to encourage; hearten mollify : anger :: heart, hearten : dejection helmet hearten [h' :rtn] v. / ; / : to give strength, courage, or hope to; encourage dismay, daunt hearten daunt, ; heart-rending [hɑ rtrèndiŋ] a. : causing anguish or deep distress; arousing deep sympathy heartrending : sad :: deafening : loud :: earsplitting : loud (A >> B) earsplitting loud and shrill enough to hurt the ears heated [hí tid] adj. / : marked by anger or passion heated temperate heckle [hékәl] v.,, : to harass and try to disconcert with questions, challenges, or gibes : BADGER synonyms see BAIT hectic [héktik] adj., hectic calm hedge [hedʒ] n. ; ( ) 1. a row of closely planted shrubs or low-growing trees forming a fence or boundary 2. a linen of people or objects forming a barrier 3. a. a means of protection or defense, especially against financial loss b. a securities transaction that reduces the risk on an existing investment position 4. an intentionally noncommittal or ambiguous statement hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination quarantine ( ) ; safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss hedonic [hid' nik] a., 1. of, relating to, or marked by pleasure 2. of or relating to hedonism or hedonists hedonic, hedonist ascetic hegemony lack of authority heinous [héinәs] a. : ABOMINABLE : grossly wicked or reprehensible; abominable heinous admirable (Hackers 게시판, 중국 후기, Thesaurus), commendable (한국 GRE 4.5) admire >> commend admire / ; commendable, commend ; heinous laudable, venial venial, ( ) easily excused or forgiven; pardonable heirloom [ɛ әrlù m] n. : a valued possession passed down in a family through succeeding generations heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator bequest ; bequeath ;, testator one who has made a legally valid will before death n., helmet : injury :: amulet : evil hem [hem] n. ; 1. an edge or a border on a piece of cloth, especially a finished edge, as for a garment or curtain, made by folding the selvage edge under and stitching it down 2. the height or level of the bottom edge of a skirt, dress, or coat; a hemline selvage (, ) hemline (, ) hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt :: molding : cabinet hemostatic [hì mәstǽtik, hèm-] a. : acting to arrest bleeding or hemorrhage styptic, stanch (, ) ;, herald [hérәld] vt. : ANNOUNCE, PROCLAIM unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded : announcement unherald proclaim herbicide [hә rbәsàid] n. : WEED-KILLER insect : pesticide :: plant : herbicide pesticide hereditary [hirédәtèri / -tәri] a. hereditary acquired heresy [hérәsi] n., 1. a. an opinion or a doctrine at variance with established religious beliefs, especially dissension from or denial of Roman Catholic dogma by a professed believer or baptized church member b. adherence to such dissenting opinion or doctrine 2. a. a controversial or unorthodox opinion or doctrine, as in politics, philosophy, or science b. adherence to such controversial or unorthodox opinion apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy hedonism [hí dәnìzәm] n. apostasy ;,, : pursuit of or devotion to pleasure, especially to the pleasures of the senses hedonist : pleasure :: recluse : privacy :: narcissist : self recant to make a formal retraction or disavowal of dogma heresy dogma, hedonist ascetic heretic [h'er tik] n., hegemony [hidʒe mәni] n. ; ;,, : a person who holds controversial opinions, especially one : the predominant influence of one state over others who publicly dissents from the officially accepted dogma of the Roman Catholic Church

heretic : unconformity :: apologist : defend authority : superiority heretic purist purist one who practices or urges strict correctness, especially in the use of words heretical [hirétikәl] a. : UNORTHODOX doctrine : heretical :: course : errant generous : liberality :: heretical : unconformity hermetic [h :rm'etik] a., ;, 1. completely sealed, especially against the escape or entry of air 2. impervious to outside interference or influence 3. often Hermetic (mythology) a. of or relating to Hermes Trismegistus or the works ascribed to him b. having to do with the occult sciences, especially alchemy; magical hermetic easily comprehended hermit [hә rmit] n. : RECLUSE : a person who has withdrawn from society and lives a solitary existence; a recluse vegetarian : meat :: hermit : society hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous seclude, to set or keep apart, as from social contact with others landmark ; herpetology [hә rpәtɑĺәdʒist / -tɔĺ-] n. salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist ichthyology <ìkθiálәdʒi> hesitance, hesitancy [hézәtәns] n., ; impetuous : hesitating :: irrepressible : servile impetuous ; irrepressible ; difficult or impossible to control or restrain parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance profligate ; impetuous : hesitate :: irrepressible : servile hesitation : reluctance :: hubris : pride hubris overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance alacrity, impetuosity dilatoriness, hesitance dilatory ; intended to delay; tending to postpone or delay impetuosity hesitance, vacillation heterodox [hétәrәdɑ ks / -dɔ ks] a. 1. not in agreement with accepted beliefs, especially in church doctrine or dogma 2. holding unorthodox opinions heterodox : nonconformity :: authority : superiority (A have B) doctrinal : heterodox :: spontaneous : studied (OPPOSITE) heterodox conventional, orthodox hiatus [haiéitәs] n. 1. a break in or as if in a material object : GAP 2. a gap or passage in an anatomical part or organ hiatus nexus hidebound [háidbàund] a., : stubbornly prejudiced, narrow-minded, or inflexible contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty contumacious, obstinately disobedient or rebellious; insubordinate hidebound : conservative :: manic : interested, excited (A >> B) mania an excessively intense enthusiasm, interest, or desire; a craze hidebound : innovation :: parsimonious : expenditure hidebound : flexibility :: carefree : responsibility hideous [hídiәs] a., ; ( ), 1. repulsive, especially to the sight; revoltingly ugly 2. offensive to moral sensibilities pulchritude ugliness, hideousness pulchritude <pʌ lkritjù:d> great physical beauty and appeal affinity aversion, hideousness hie [hai] vt. : HASTEN : to go quickly hie dawdle dawdle, hierarch [h'ai: r` :rk] n., ; 1. one who occupies a position of authority in a religious hierarchy 2. one who occupies a high position in a hierarchy hierarch egalitarian egalitarian hierarchy [háiәrɑ rki] n. echelon : hierarchy :: echelon <e ʃәlàn> (, ) ; (, ), hieroglyph [háiәrәglìf] n. ; 1. a picture or symbol used in hieroglyphic writing 2. something that suggests a hieroglyph decipher : hieroglyph :: separate : component (B를 A함) hieroglyphic a., ; 1. a. of, relating to, or being a system of writing, such as that of ancient Egypt, in which pictorial symbols are used to represent meaning or sounds of a combination of meaning and sound b. written with such symbols 2. difficult to read or decipher hike [haik] n. ; v. 1. to go on an extended walk for pleasure or exercise 2. to rise, especially to rise upward out of place backset hike backset, ; hilarious [hilɛ әriәs, hai-] a. : characterized by or causing great merriment hilarious : laughter :: contemptible : disdain hoary : old :: hilarious : funny (A >> B) hoary ; hinder [h'aind :r] v. 1. to be or get in the way of 2. to obstruct or delay the progress of hinder further hinge [hindʒ] n. ( ) ;, a point or circumstance on which subsequent events depend hint [hint] n. : CLUE 1. a slight indication or intimation 2. a. a brief or indirect suggestion; a tip b. a statement conveying information in an indirect fashion; a clue 3. a barely perceptible amount nuance : distinction :: hint : suggestion (A << B)

histrionic [hìstriɑńik / -ɔń-] a., : THEATRICAL 1. of or relating to actors or acting 2. excessively dramatic or emotional; affected histrionic : actor :: pedantic : scholar mechanical apparatus hitch [hitʃ] v. ( ), ;, bolster : support :: tackle : hoist (A is a tool for B) 1. to fasten or catch temporarily with or as if with a loop, hook, or noose 2. to connect or attach, as to a vehicle 3. to move or raise by pulling or jerking hive [haiv] n. ; 1. a. a structure for housing bees, especially honeybees b. a colony of bees living in such a structure 2. a place swarming with activity tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive tumultuous, bedlam, a place or situation of noisy uproar and confusion hoard [hɔ rd] v. ; : n. a hidden fund or supply stored for future use; a cache miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine :: malinger : shirk dandy a man who affects extreme elegance in clothes and manners preen ( ) ; malinger to feign illness or other incapacity in order to avoid duty or work shirk (, ) to avoid or neglect (a duty or responsibility) lavish hoard lavish ;, hoary [hɔ ri] a. ( ) ; : ANCIENT 1. gray or white with or as if with age 2. covered with grayish hair or pubescence 3. so old as to inspire veneration; ancient pubescence ; puberty, hoary : old :: hilarious : funny :: saturated : wet (A >> B) hilarious ; characterized by or causing great merriment hoax [houks] n. : IMPOSTURE 1. an act intended to deceive or trick 2. something that has been established or accepted by fraudulent means hoax : fraudulence :: paragon : excellence fraudulent, hoax : deceive :: filibuster : delay hobble [hɑ bl / hɔ bl]/[hɑ bәl / hɔ bәl] n., v., 1. a hobbling movement, archaic, an awkward situation 2. to cause to limp : make lame : CRIPPLE hodgepodge [hɑ dʒpɑ dʒ / hɔ dʒpɔ dʒ] n. : JUMBLE : a mixture of dissimilar ingredients; a jumble hodgepodge : uniformity :: cliche : originality items : hodgepodge :: people : rabble rabble, ; rioter : hodgepodge :: interpreter : translation :: illuminator : instruction illuminator ;, hoist v., : to raise or haul up with or as if with the help of a tackle, ;, ; ( ) homage [hɑḿidʒ / hɔḿ-] n., : RESPECT 1. ceremonial acknowledgment by a vassal of allegiance to his lord under feudal law 2. special honor or respect shown or expressed publicly vassal ( ), ;, feudal,, counsel : advice :: laud : homage (A = B를 주는 행위) homage disrespect homely a. ; ; 1. not attractive or good-looking 2. lacking elegance or refinement 3. of a simple or unpretentious nature; plain 4. characteristic of the home or of home life pulchritude ugliness, hideousness, homeliness pulchritude hideous <hídiәs>, ;, homily [hɑḿәli / hɔḿ-] n., 1. a sermon, especially one intended to edify a congregation on a practical matter and not intended to be a theological discourse 2. a tedious moralizing lecture or admonition parable : story :: homily : lecture parable ; a simple story illustrating a moral or religious lesson hoarse [ho :rs] a. ( ), ; homogenize [hәmɑ dʒәnàiz, houmә -/-mɔ -] vt. 1. rough or grating in sound 2. having or characterized by a husky, grating voice hoarse honeyed, mellifluent, mellifluous, smooth : to make homogeneous homogenize : uniform :: putrefaction : rotten putrefaction ( ) stratify homogenize stratify ; hone [houn] v. ; : WHET 1. to sharpen on a fine-grained whetstone 2. to perfect or make more intense or effective hone blunt honorarium [ɑǹәrɛ әriәm / ɔǹ-] n. a payment given to a professional person for services for which fees are not legally or traditionally required amenity : comfortable :: honorarium : grateful amenity / ; hoodwink [h'udw`iŋk] v. : to take in by deceptive means; deceive hoodwink disabuse horn [hɔ rn] n. ; : TRUMPET horn : blow :: harp : pluck hortative, hortatory [hɔ rtәtiv] a., : marked by exhortation or strong urging didactic : teach :: hortatory : urge (A >> B) hortative : encourage :: exculpatory : absolve exculpatory, exculpate to clear of guilt or blame horticulture [hɔ rtәkʌ ltʃәr] n.

tree : forestry :: flower : horticulture hovel [hʌ vәl, hɑ v-] n. : HUT 1. a small, miserable dwelling 2. an open, low shed palatial : hovel :: bucolic : city, metropolis hub [hʌb] n. ( ) ; ( ) 1. the center part of a wheel, fan, or propeller 2. a center of activity or interest; a focal point spoke : hub :: radius : center spoke hubris [hjú bris] n. : overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride, self-confidence (A >> B) hesitation : reluctance :: hubris : pride :: flattery : praise hubris humility hulking [hʌĺkiŋ] ; : unwieldy or bulky; massive hulking ethereal, gossamer, lively ethereal ; humane a., ; 1. characterized by kindness, mercy, or compassion 2. marked by an emphasis on humanistic values and concerns misanthropist : humane :: ascetic : voluptuary (OPPOSITE) voluptuary a person whose life is given over to luxury and sensual pleasures; a sensualist humanitarian [hju mæǹәtɛ әriәn] n. : PHILANTHROPIST one who is devoted to the promotion of human welfare and the advancement of social reforms; a philanthropist humble [hʌḿbәl] a. ;, 1. marked by meekness or modesty in behavior, attitude, or spirit; not arrogant or prideful 2. showing deferential or submissive respect 3. low in rank, quality, or station; unpretentious or lowly dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness dour, bumptious, crudely or loudly assertive; pushy impetuous : vacillation, hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness humility : supplicant :: resistance : adversary supercilious, bumptious humble supercilious, feeling or showing haughty disdain panache, hauteur humility panache <pәnæ ʃ> ( ) ;,, hauteur, haughtiness in bearing and attitude; arrogance humility [:hju:m'il ti] n., ; : the quality or condition of being humble humility hauteur, panache hauteur, panache ;, ;, (display), (pretension) humor [hjú mәr] vt., ; 1. to comply with the wishes or ideas of 2. to adapt or accommodate oneself to chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle (A << B) chide, to scold mildly so as to correct or improve; reprimand pillory ( ) ; to expose to ridicule and abuse hurl [hә rl] vt., ; ( ) 1. to throw with great force; fling 2. to send with great vigor; thrust 3. to throw down; overthrow 4. to utter vehemently scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection :: hurl : disgust scowl <skaul> to wrinkle or contract the brow as an expression of anger or disapproval hurricane [hә rәkèin, hʌŕi- / hʌŕikәn] n. fire : inferno :: storm : hurricane (A << B) rain : deluge :: wind : hurricane (A << B) snow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone (?? :: A B) ( ) precipitation, ;, ; ; husbandry [hʌźbәndri] n., ; : ECONOMY 1. careful management or conservation of resources; economy husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate procrastinate to put off doing something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness husband squander squander to spend wastefully or extravagantly; dissipate husbandry prodigality, waste husk [hʌsk] n. : SHELL 1. the outer membranous or green envelope of some fruits or seeds, as that of a walnut or an ear of corn 2. a shell or outer covering, especially when considered worthless 3. a framework serving as a support seed, corn : husk :: orange : rind rind ; husk core, vital part husky [hʌśki] a. : hoarse or rough in quality husky delicate hustle [hʌśәl] v. ; ; 1. to jostle or shove roughly 2. to convey in a hurried or rough manner 3. to cause or urge to proceed quickly 4. to gain by energetic effort hustle stillness, tranquility hybrid [háibrid] a. : COMPOSITE 1. (genetics) the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or stock, especially the offspring produced by breeding plants or animals of different varieties, species, or races 2. a. something or mixed origin or composition b. something, such as a computer or power plant, having two kinds of components that produce the same or similar results 3. a word whose elements are derived from different languages hybrid of unmixed extraction, purebred hymn [him] n., ; 1. a song of praise or thanksgiving to God or a deity 2. a song of praise or joy; a paean hymn : praise :: elegy : sorrow :: dirge : grief (A show B) hyperbole [haipә rbәlì ] n. : a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect exaggerating : hyperbole :: malicious : ill will anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole

playful : banter :: exaggerated : hyperbole banter, good-humored, playful conversation pompous : bombast :: exaggerated : hyperbole exaggerated : hyperbole :: nonsensical : drivel drivel <drívәl> ; hyperbolic factful, tactful hyperbole understatement hypnosis n. ( ), 1. a sleeplike state usually induced by another person in which the subject may experience forgotten or suppressed memories, hallucinations, and heightened suggestibility( ) 2. hypnotism( ) 3. a sleeplike condition hypnotic [hipnɑ tik / -nɔ t-] a. n., : SOPORIFIC 1. a. of or relating to hypnosis b. of or relating to hypnotism 2. inducing or tending to induce sleep; soporific hypnotic, unwitting conscious hypnotic stimulant, bracing bracing ; invigorating or refreshing; strengthening hypocrisy n. ( ) 1. the practice of professing beliefs, feelings, or virtues that one does not hold or possess; falseness 2. an act or instance of such falseness hypocritical [hìpәkrítikәl] a. authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical hypocritical ingenuous, honest reverent : idolater :: trusting : dupe (A << B, DEFECTIVE) esteem : idolize :: favor : bribe (A << B, DEFECTIVE) idyll [áidәl] n., ; / 1. a. a short poem or prose piece depicting a rural or pastoral scene, usually in idealized terms b. anarrative poem treating an epic or romantic theme 2. a scene or an event of a simple and tranquil nature 3. a. a carefree episode or experience b. a romantic interlude idyll : carefree :: ordeal : difficult ordeal, idyll experience fraught with tension ignite [ignáit] vt. ; ( ) : KINDLE 1. a. to cause to burn b. to set fire to 2. to subject to great heat, especially to make luminous by heat 3. to arouse the passions of; excite ignite douse, extinguish douse, ignoble ['ign'oubl] a., ;, 1. not noble in quality, character, or purpose; base or mean 2. not of the nobility; common ignoble eminent ignominious ['ign m'ini s] a., ; 1. marked by shame or disgrace 2. deserving disgrace or shame; despicable 3. degrading; debasing ignominious honorable, lofty, eminent hypothetical [hàipәɵétikәl] a. 1. of, relating to, or based on a hypothesis 2. a. suppositional; uncertain b. conditional; contingent hypothetical proven ichthyology [ìkɵiɑĺәdʒist / -ɔĺ-] n. salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist herpetology iconoclast n. ; / 1. one who attacks and seeks to overthrow traditional or popular ideas or institutions 2. one who destroys sacred religious images iconoclast : attack :: philosopher : cogitate idiosyncrasy n., 1. a structural or behavioral characteristic peculiar to an individual or a group 2. a physiological or temperamental peculiarity 3. an unusual individual reaction to food or a drug idiosyncratic [ìdiәsiŋkrǽtik] adj. : characteristic peculiarity idolater [aidɑĺәtәr / -dɔĺ-] n. ; 1. one who worships idols 2. one who blindly or excessively admires or adores another I ignominy [ígnәmìni] n., 1. great personal dishonor or humiliation 2. shameful or disgraceful action, conduct, or character ignominy eminence, glory, esteem, respect, honor ignorant [ígnәrәnt] a. 1. lacking education or knowledge 2. showing or arising from a lack of education or knowledge 3. unaware or uninformed subtle : ignore :: salient : observe (A = B하기 쉬운) salient, ; erudite smattering of knowledge, ignorant, unlettered ill-bred [ilbréd] a. ; : IMPOLITE : badly brought up; impolite and crude ill-bred : impolite :: illiteracy [ilítәrәsi] n. 1. the condition of being unable to read and write 2. an error, as in writing or speech, made by or thought to be characteristic of one who is illiterate illiteracy : education :: inequity : redistribution inequity, injustice; unfairness erudition illiteracy erudition deep, extensive learning illuminati [ilù mәnéitai, -ná ti ] n. ( ) : persons who are or who claim to be unusually enlightened interpreter : translate :: illuminati : instruct illumination [ilù mәnéiʃәn] n. ; ; / frieze : building :: illumination : manuscript frieze stylus : mark :: lamp : illumination :: apron : protest stylus ; ( ) a sharp, pointed instrument used for writing, marking, or engraving

therapeutic : hospital :: illuminating : school illuminate : darkness :: educate : ignorance squall : commotion :: flash : illumination (A = brief B) squall, ; a brief, sudden, violent windstorm, often accompanied by rain or snow commotion, ;, ;, obfuscate elucidate, illuminate, explain clearly obfuscate, illusory [ilú sәri] a. : produced by, based on, or having the nature of an illusion; deceptive maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory maelstrom ;, a violent or turbulent situation nicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy (EQUAL) illusion : perception :: gaffe : judgment :: cunning : truth gaffe <gæf>, a clumsy social error; a blatant mistake or misjudgment illustrate [ílәstrèit, ilʌśtreit] vt. 1. a. to clarify, as by use of examples or comparisons b. to clarify by serving as an example or comparison 2. to provide (a publication) with explanatory or decorative feature illustrate : pictures :: particularize : details particularize ; to mention, describe, or treat individually imbibe [imbáib] v. ; 1. to drink 2. to absorb or take in as if by drinking 3. to receive and absorb into the mind thirsty : imbibe :: exhausted : rest imbroglio [imbróuljou] n., 1. a. a difficult or intricate situation; an entanglement b. a confused or complicated disagreement 2. a confused heap; a tangle imbroglio harmony imitate vt. 1. to use or follow as a model 2. a. to copy the actions, appearance, mannerisms, or speech of; mimic b. to copy or use the style of 3. to copy exactly; reproduce 4. to appear like; resemble imitation [ìmәtéiʃәn] n. exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame :: venerable : reverence paragon, paradigm : imitate :: reverence : regard immaculate [imǽkjәlit] a. ; : PURE 1. impeccably clean; spotless 2. free from stain or blemish; pure 3. free from fault or error 4. having no markings squalid immaculate squalid, ;, immanent [ímәnәnt] a. ; 1. existing or remaining within; inherent 2. restricted entirely to the mind; subjective immanent explicit, extrinsic immaterial [ìmәtíәriәl] a. ; 1. of no importance or relevance; inconsequential or irrelevant 2. having no material body or form immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center :: circuitous : directness immaterial corporeal, consequential, pertinent, relevant immature [`im t:j'u r, -t 'u :r, 'im tj'u ] a., 1. not fully grown or developed 2. marked by or suggesting a lack of normal maturity immature : developed :: incipient : realized incipient,, immemorial [ìmimɔ riәl] a. : extending or existing since beyond the reach of memory, record, or tradition immemorial recent immerse vt. ; ; 1. to cover completely in a liquid; submerge 2. to baptize by submerging in water 3. to engage wholly or deeply; absorb imminent [ímәnәnt] a. : about to occur; impending imminence : forthcoming :: (명 : 형) forthcoming about to appear or take place; approaching imminent distant immune [imjú n] a. ; 1. not subject to an obligation imposed on others; exempt 2. not affected by a given influence; unresponsive fertilize : grow :: immunize : resist soporific : sleep :: vaccinating : immunity soporific, ; vaccinate vaccination : immune :: overexposure : jaded immune having no resistance immunity susceptibility immure [imjúәr] vt. ; 1. to enclose within or as if within walls; imprison 2. to build into a wall 3. to entomb in a wall immure release, liberate immutable [imjú tәbәl] a. : not capable of or susceptible to change immutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated (OPPOSITE) implacable, ; impossible to placate or appease propitiate 달래다, 진정시키다 conciliate; appease transitory : endure :: immutable : change (OPPOSITE) immutable variable, vicissitudinous vicissitude <visísitjù:d>, imp [imp] n., ; : URCHIN 1. a mischievous child 2. a small demon mischievous ;, insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp impair [impɛ әr] vt. : to cause do diminish, as in strength, value, or quality impalpable [imp'ælp b: l] a., ; ; 1. not perceptible to the touch; intangible 2. difficult to perceive or grasp by the mind impalpable clear impassive [impǽsiv] a., ;, (unconscious)

1. devoid of or not subject to emotion 2. revealing no emotion; expressionless 3. incapable of physical sensation 4. motionless; still impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfy voracious, callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicity (EQUAL, 형 : 명 ::??) ( ) impassive emotional, excitable, fervid, perfervid perfervid extremely or extravagantly eager; impassioned or zealous impeccable [impékәbәl] a. ; 1. having no flaws; perfect 2. incapable of sin or wrongdoing blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless blemish, to mar or impair by a flaw impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile ingenuous,, ;, rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse :: impeccability : flow rectitude, ; transgress ( ), ; impeccable : flaw :: indolent : stir indolent, disinclined to exert oneself; habitually lazy restive : calmness :: impeccable : flaw :: sterile : germ sterile, ;, germ, impeccable faulty impecunious [ìmpikjú niәs] a. : PENNILESS : lacking money; penniless foolish : discretion :: impecunious : money frugal : impecunious :: temperate : sober (A << B :: A = B) ( ) sober ;, pelf : impecunious :: experience : green pelf, wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly acquired impecunious wealthy, prosperous, affluent, lavish, faulty( ) impede [impí d] v. : to retard or obstruct the progress of blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede cajole to urge with gentle and repeated appeals, teasing, or flattery abet thwart, impede impede facilitate, promote, foment, nurture, assist, cultivate encumber remove impediment encumber ;, impel [imp'el] v. ;, 1. to urge to action through moral pressure; drive 2. to drive forward; propel impel restraint sorrow for sins or offenses penitent, feeling or expressing remorse for one's misdeeds or sins penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous (OPPOSITE) obdurate ; rueful, contrite, remorseful impenitent rueful <rú:fәl>, ; contrite ; feeling regret and sorrow for one's sins or offenses; penitent imperative [impérәtiv] a., 1. expressing a command or plea; peremptory 2. having the power or authority to command or control 3. impossible to deter or evade; pressing question : interrogative :: order : imperative interrogative <ìntәrágәtiv> asking a question or being of the nature of a question imperceptible [ìmpәrséptәbәl] a., 1. impossible or difficult to perceive by the mind or senses 2. so subtle, slight, or gradual as to be barely perceptible appreciable imperceptible appreciable ; possible to estimate, measure, or perceive imperial [impíәriәl] a. ;, 1. of, relating to, or suggestive of an empire or a sovereign, especially an emperor or empress 2. ruling over extensive territories or over colonies or dependencies 3. a. having supreme authority; sovereign b. regal; majestic 4. outstanding in size or quality imperial : significant :: grotesque : fantastic (A >> B) fantastic quaint or strange in form, conception, or appearance imperial : significant :: spartan : austere imperial obedient imperious [impíәriәs] a. : DOMINEERING 1. arrogantly domineering or overbearing 2. urgent; pressing fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness :: elaborate : sketchy (OPPOSITE) imperious : fawn :: swagger : self depreciate (OPPOSITE) swagger ;, rash : circumspective :: imperious : servile :: bellicose : peaceable (OPPOSITE) imperious humble, obeisant, servile, obsequious, deferential, flattering obeisance, ;, imperiousness flattery impending [impéndiŋ] a. : to be about to occur impending remote impenetrable [impénәtrәbәl] a., 1. impossible to penetrate or enter 2. impossible to understand; incomprehensible 3. impervious to sentiment or argument pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolable :: change : immutable profane ;, inviolable, secure from violation or profanation juggernaut : unstoppable :: enigma : impenetrable juggernaut ; enigma ; porous impenetrable, impertinent [impә rtәnәnt] a., 1. exceeding the limits of propriety or good manners; improperly forward or bold 2. not pertinent; irrelevant impertinent : propriety :: keen : obtuseness (OPPOSITE) perturbed : serenity :: impertinent : propriety impertinence respect, relevance, obeisance imperturbable [ìmpәrtә rbәbәl] a. : SERENE : marked by extreme calm, impassivity, and steadiness restive, ticklish calm, imperturbable restive, ;, imperturbability volatility, diffidence, testiness diffidence ;, testy, impenitent [impénәtәnt] a. ; : not feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or impervious [impә rviәs] a., 1. incapable of being penetrated

2. incapable of being affected impervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued (OPPOSITE) indomitable, incapable of being overcome, subdued, or vanquished subdue ; ;, impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible (OPPOSITE) impervious : penetrate :: ineluctable : avoid ineluctable <ìnilʌ ktәbl>, not to be avoided or escaped; inevitable impervious : damaged :: indefensible : excused :: precarious : stable indefensible ; translucent impervious of light impetuous [impétʃuәs] a., ;, 1. characterized by sudden and forceful energy or emotion; impulsive and passionate 2. having or marked by violent force impetuous : vacillation, hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness bumptious, crudely or loudly assertive parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance :: irrepressible : servility profligate, ; restive : calmness :: impetuous : patience restive, ;, impetuosity hesitance, vacillation impetuous deliberate impiety [impáiәti] n. : IRREVERENCE collapse : implode :: divide : sunder :: steep : immerse (A << B) sunder, to break or wrench apart steep a., ;, v. ( ) ; implosion rapid outward movement imply [impl'ai] v., ; 1. to involve by logical necessity; entail 2. to express or indicate indirectly imply affirm, assert, declare, express, satte importune [ìmpәrtjú n, impɔ rtʃәn] v. 1. to beset with insistent or repeated requests; entreat pressingly 2. to annoy; vex accost : approach :: importune : quest (A >> B) imposing [impóuziŋ] a., : impressive, as by virtue of size, bearing, or power imposing modest impostor [impɑśtәr / -pɔś-] n. : one who engages in deception under an assumed name or identity impostor : identity :: usurper : authorization usurp (, ) ; virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned mediocre,, 2 impious [ímpiәs] a. ; 1. lacking reverence; not pious 2. lacking due respect or dutifulness impiety devoutness devout, ; impotent [ímpәtәnt] a. ; 1. lacking physical strength or vigor; weak 2. lacking in power, as to act effectively; helpless clout impotence clout ; implacable [implǽkәbәl, -pléik-] a. ; : not capable of being appeased, significantly changed, or mitigated immutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated :: inalienable : surrendered propitiate, ; to conciliate (an offended power); appease inalienable, implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle implacable : appease :: indomitable : subdue imprecise ['impris'ais] a., : not precise nice imprecise impregnable [imprégnәbәl] a., (, ) 1. impossible to capture or enter by force 2. difficult or impossible to attack, challenge, or refute with success impregnable unjustifiable implausible [impl'o:z bl] : difficult to believe; not plausible implausible believable a., implement [ímplәmәnt] v. : to give practical effect to and ensure of actual fulfillment by concrete measures implement foil foil, implicate [ímplәkèit] vt. ; : ENTWINE 1. to involve or connect intimately or incriminatingly 2. to have as a consequence or an inference; imply implicated palpable impresario n. (, ), ;, 1. one who sponsors or produces entertainment, especially the director of an opera company 2. a manager; a producer impresario : entertainment :: broker : trade impressionable [impréʃәnәbәl] a., 1. readily or easily influenced; suggestible 2. capable of receiving an impression; plastic impressionable : influence :: improbity [impr'oub ti, + -pr' b-] : lack of probity; dishonesty improbity honesty n., implicit [impl'isit] a., ( explicit), 1. implied or understood though not directly expresed 2. contained in the nature of something though not readily apparent 3. having no doubts or reservations; unquestioning implicit overt implode [implóud] v. : to collapse inward violently as if from external pressure impromptu [imprɑḿptju / -prɔḿ-] a., : IMPROVISED 1. prompted by the occasion rather than being planned in advance 2. spoken, performed, done, or composed with little or no preparation; extemporaneous ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent impromptu : rehearsal :: unheralded : announcement :: honesty : duplicity (OPPOSITE)

impromptu : rehearsal :: caprice : deliberate impromptu carefully rehearsed inadvertent intentional advertent inattentive inadvertence careful attention imprudent [imprú dәnt] a. : unwise or indiscreet; not prudent inalienable [inéiljәnәbәl] a. judicious imprudent judicious, having or exhibiting sound judgment; prudent : that cannot be transferred to another or others inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated implacable ( ) ; impossible to placate or appease improvident [imprɑ vәdәnt / -prɔ v-] a. ; propitiate, ; ;, 1. not foreseeing and providing for the future; thriftless inane [inéin] a.,, : SILLY 2. rash; incautious : lacking sense or substance; empty inane substantial, expressive, meaningful, pregnant, significant, improvise [ímprәvàiz] vt. ; weighty, substantiated 1. to invent, compose, or recite without preparation 2. to make or provide from available materials score : improvise :: text : extemporize pregnant ;, ;, expressive, ; ; full of expression; significant weighty ; ; improvised [ímprәvàizd] a. rite improvised act rite, ;, inanimate [inǽnәmit] a.,, impudent [ímpjәdәnt] a., : INSOLENT characterized by offensive boldness; insolent or impertinent impudent : brazen :: deadpan : impassive deadpan ; impassive, ; impudent : brazenness :: recalcitrant : stubbornness (EQUAL, 형 : 명) recalcitrant, impudent deferential, respectful, obeisant, reverent, deferent, judicious deference ;, obeisance, ; (deference), impugn [ìmpjú n] v., : to attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument extol condemn, impugn, detract impugn champion, endorse, vindicate, extol, uphold champion, to fight for, defend, or support as a champion vindicate ;, impuissance [impjú isns] n. : POWERLESSNESS : lack of power or effectiveness; weakness clout impuissance clout impulsive [impʌĺsiv] a. 1. inclined to act on impulse rather than thought 2. motivated by or resulting from impulse 3. having force or power to impel or incite; forceful impunity [impjú nәti] n. : exemption from punishment, penalty, or harm inappreciable, 1. not having the qualities associated with active, living organism; not animate 2. not animated or energetic; dull ephemeral : enduring :: inanimate : living (OPPOSITE) [`in pr'i: i b: l] a., : too small to be noticed or make a significant difference; negligible inappreciable ponderable inapt [inǽpt] a. ; inappropriate; inept inapt : clumsy :: obsessed : attracted obsess (, ), to preoccupy the mind of excessively inaugurate [inɔ gjәrèit] v., / 1. to induct into office by a formal ceremony 2. to cause to begin, especially officially or formally 3. to open or begin use of formally with a ceremony inaugurate : president :: install : official :: crown : king install ;, to induct into an office, a rank, or a position inauguration : official :: matriculation : student matriculate ( ) cease inaugurate, commencement inauspicious [`ino:sp'i s] a., ; : not favorable; not auspicious inauspicious favorable, propitious incandescent [ìnkәndésәnt] a. ; 1. emitting visible light as a result of being heated 2. shining brilliantly; very bright 3. characterized by ardent emotion, intensity, or brilliance incandescent dull impute [impjú t] a., 1. to charge with the fault or responsibility for 2. to attribute; credit imputable : nettle :: ( ) nettle n. v. ; inadvertent [ìnәdvә rtәnt] a. ; : INATTENTIVE 1. not duly attentive 2. marked by unintentional lack of care incantation [ìnkæntéiʃәn] ;, ; 1. ritual recitation of verbal charms or spells to produce a magic effect 2. a. a formula used in ritual recitation; a verbal charm or spell b. a conventionalized utterance repeated without thought or aptness; a formula incantation : utterance :: talisman : object :: banner : flag (A is a kind of B) talisman incapacity ['ink p'æs ti] n., ;, 1. inadequate strength or ability; lack of capacity

2. a defect or handicap; a disability incarcerate [inkɑ rsәrèit] v. / 1. to put into jail 2. to shut in; confirm incarcerate liberate : penetrating, clear, and sharp, as in operation or expression incarnate [inkɑ rneit] a., (, ) a. invested with bodily nature and form incite [insáit] v., b. embodied in human form; personified : to provoke and urge on incorporeal incarnate incorporeal,, lacking material form or substance incendiary [inséndièri] a. ;, : tending to excite or inflame; inflammatory 1. a. causing or capable of causing fire b. of or containing chemicals that produce intensely hot fire when exploded c. of or involving arson( ( )) 2. tending to inflame; inflammatory insurgent : rebel :: incendiary : agitate insurgent incendiary calming, moderating incense [ínsens] vt. : to arouse the extreme anger or indignation of; infuriate incense : anger :: propitiate incense incentive [ins'entiv] n., something, such as the fear of punishment or the expectation of reward, that induces action or motivates effort incentive deterrent inception [insépʃәn] n. : COMMENCEMENT : the beginning of something, such as an undertaking; a commencement inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation matriculate ( ) incessant [ins'es: nt] : continuing without interruption incessant interrupted a. : UNCEASING inch [intʃ] vi. / : to move or cause to move slowly or by small degrees inch : move :: drawl : speak drawl to speak with lengthened or drawn-out vowels accrete : growth :: inch : advance accrete, to make larger or greater, as by increased growth inchoate [inkóuit / ínkouèit] a., : FORMLESS 1. in an initial or early stage 2. imperfectly formed or developed immature : developed :: incipient, inchoate : realized (OPPOSITE) incipient, beginning to exist or appear inchoate : organize :: volatile : stabilize inchoate fully formed, organized, explicit, enduring, fully realized, organized incinerate [insínәrèit] vt. : to cause to burn to ashes singe : incineration :: erode : destruction singe, incipient [insípiәnt] a., : beginning to come into being or to become apparent immature : developed :: incipient, inchoate : realized incipient : realized :: indefinite : tangible (OPPOSITE) incipient : realized :: hypothetic : proved :: irregular : classified incipient full-blown, full-realized, plentiful incisive [insáisiv] a., ; instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat browbeat to intimidate or subjugate by an overbearing manner or domineering speech exhortation : motivate :: persiflage : incite exhortation, ; persiflage, ;, incite pacify incitant insensible inclement [inklémәnt] a. ; 1. stormy 2. showing no clemency; unmerciful draconian : inclemency :: fret : vexation (EQUAL) fret,, inclemency : evade :: ( ) inclement balmy, mild balmy ;, incogitant [inkɑ dʒәtәnt / -kɔ dʒ-] a. : thoughtless, inconsiderate incogitant : thoughtful :: restive : calm (OPPOSITE) restive, ;, incompetent a., 1. not qualified in legal terms 2. inadequate for or unsuited to a particular purpose or application 3. devoid of those qualities requisite for effective conduct or action incongruent [inkɑ ŋgru әnt, ìnkәngrú - / -kɔ ŋ-] a., : not congruent; incongruous incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey (OPPOSITE) recalcitrant, incongruent : conform :: scattering : overlap (OPPOSITE) inconsequential [inkɑǹsikwénʃәl / -kɔǹ-] a. ;, : UNIMPORTANT 1. lacking importance 2. not following from premises or evidence; illogical inconsequential : illogical :: apocalyptic : prophetic (EQUAL) crucial, apocalyptic inconsequential crucial, apocalyptic ;, ; inconsonant [inkɑńsәnәnt / -kɔń-] a. : lacking harmony, agreement, or compatibility; discordant inconsonance : concord :: scatter : overlap incontrovertible [inkɑǹtrәvә rtәbәl, inkɑǹ- / ìnkɔn-] a., : impossible to dispute; unquestionable incontrovertible : disputed :: untenable : defended untenable, incontrovertible : disputed :: matchless : equaled controvert substantiate controvert, to raise arguments against; voice opposition to substantiate ;, to support with

proof or evidence; verify incorporeal [`inko:rp'o:ri l] a. ; : lacking material form or substance incorporeal incarnate incorrigible [inkɔ ridʒәbәl] a., : UNALTERABLE, INVETERATE 1. incapable of being corrected or reformed 2. firmly rooted; ineradicable 3. difficult or impossible to control or manage incorrigible : reformed :: inscrutable : understood inscrutable ; ; difficult to fathom or understand; impenetrable incorrigible : amend :: eradicable : remove tractable incorrigible tractable ;, incriminate [inkrímәnèit] vt. 1. to accuse of a crime or other wrongful act 2. to cause to appear guilty of a crime or fault; implicate incrimination exoneration exonerate to free from blame; to free from a responsibility, obligation, or task incubator n., incubator : infant :: greenhouse : plant inculcate [inkʌĺkeit, - -- ] vt. 1. to impress (something) upon the mind of another by frequent instruction or repetition; instill 2. to teach (others) by frequent instruction or repetition hammering : inculcate :: hammer ; ; ;, to force upon by constant repetition inculpate [inkʌĺpeit, - -- ] vt. : to incriminate absolve, exculpate, exonerate inculpate exculpate to clear of guilt or blame incursion [inkә rʒәn, -ʃәn] n., ; ;, : RAID 1. an aggressive entrance into foreign territory; a raid or an invasion 2. the act of entering another's territory or domain 3. the act of entering or running into incursion retreat indecorous [indékәrәs, ìndikɔ rәs] a. ; : lacking propriety or good taste indecorous proper indefatigable [ìndifǽtigәbәl] a., : UNTIRING : incapable or seemingly incapable of being fatigued; tireless indefatigable soon tired indefensible a. ; 1. inexcusable; unpardonable 2. invalid; untenable 3. vulnerable to physical attack impervious : damaged :: indefensible : excused (A = B할 수 없는) indelible [indélәbәl] a. : UNFORGETTABLE, MEMORABLE 1. impossible to remove, erase, or wash away; permanent 2. making a mark not easily erased or washed away indelible : forget :: astounding : expect indelibility : erasure :: impermeability : passage indelible erasable indelicate [indélikit] a. ;, ; 1. offensive to established standards or propriety; improper 2. marked by a lack of good taste; coarse 3. lacking in consideration for the feelings of others indemnity [indémnәti] n., ;, 1. security against damage, loss, or injury 2. a legal exemption from liability for damages 3. compensation for damage, loss, or injury suffered mollification : soothe :: indemnity : secure independent [`indip'end nt] a. ;,, 1. not governed by a foreign power; self-governing 2. free from the influence, guidance, or control of another or others; self-reliant 3. not determined or influenced by someone or something else; not contingent 4. affiliated with or loyal to no one political party or organization 5. not dependent on or affiliated with a larger or controlling group or system 6. a. not relying on others for support, care, or unds; selfsupporting b. providing or being sufficient income to enable one to live without working independent inclined indict [indáit] vt., ; : to accuse of wrongdoing; charge indict : accused :: absolve indict indifferent [indífәrәnt] a., : APATHETIC embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference fervor, zealot, avid, enraptured indifferent enrapture, to fill with rapture or delight indigenous [indídʒәnәs] a., ; 1. originating and growing or living in an area or environment 2. intrinsic; innate nonnative, exotic, foreign, acquired indigenous indigent [índidʒәnt] a.,, : experiencing want or need; impoverished indigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability (OPPOSITE) indigent affluent, wealthy indigence wealth indigestible [ìndidʒéstәbәl, -dai-] a. ; : difficult or impossible to digest Indignant [indígnәnt] adj. : irate, outraged, enraged, irritable, irascible, peevish, petulant, cranky, cross indiscriminate [ìndiskrímәnit] a., ;, 1. a. not making or based on careful distinctions; unselective b. widespread; wholesale 2. random; haphazard 3. confused; chaotic 4. unrestrained or wanton; profligate wanton ;, ;,

indispensability [ìndispènsәbílәti] n. : ESSENTIAL indigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability indigent a., experiencing want or need; impoverished indispensable [`indisp'ens b: l] a. 1. not to be dispensed with; essential 2. obligatory; unavoidable indispensable trivial indivisible [`indiv'iz b: l] a. ; 1. incapable of undergoing division 2. Math. incapable of being divided without a remainder indivisible easily fragmented, fracturable indulgent : adherent :: slovenly : dapper (OPPOSITE) slovenly ( ) ; ( ) dapper, ; glutton : overindulgence :: ascetic : self denial indoctrinate [indɑḱtrәnèit / -dɔḱtr-] v. (, ) : TEACH Spartan Sybaritic, indulgent, voluptuous, luxurious voluptuous ;, ; 1. a. to instruct in a body of doctrine or principles b. to initiate by means of doctrinal instruction 2. to imbue with a partisan or ideological point of view stickler : exacting :: pedagogue : indoctrinating (DEFECTIVE) stickle ( ) ; draconian indulgent, mild draconian exceedingly harsh; very severe martinet indulgent person martinet, indulgent ascetic exacting ;, pedagogue, ; indurate [índjurèit] vt. indolent [índәlәnt] a., 1. a. disinclined to exert oneself; habitually lazy b. conducive to inactivity or laziness; lethargic 2. a. causing little or no pain b. slow to heal, grow, or develop; inactive rectitude : transgress :: impeccable : flaw :: indolent : stir impeccable, ; stir, ;, indolent : shirk :: miserly : hoard shirk (, ) to avoid or neglect (a duty or responsibility) indubitable [indjú bәtәbәl] a. : too apparent to be doubted; unquestionable indubitable : questioned :: resolute : sway (OPPOSITE) indubitable doubtful inducement [indjú smәnt] n., 1. something that helps bring about an action or a desired result; an incentive 2. the act or process of inducing 3. (law) an introductory or background statement explaining the main allegations in a proceeding inducement deterrence deter ; to prevent or discourage from acting, as by means of fear or doubt induct [indʌḱt] v. 1. to place ceremoniously or formally in an office or a position; install 2. a. to admit as a member; receive b. to admit to military service c. to introduce, as to new experience or knowledge; initiate induct discharge indulge [indʌĺdʒ] v., : GRATIFY, HUMOR 1. to yield to the desires and whims of, especially to an excessive degree; humor 2. a. to yield to; gratify b. to allow (oneself) unrestrained gratification gratify, humor ; embarrass : mortify :: indulge : mollycoddle (A << B) mortify, lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge (B remove A) lassitude ; a state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or listlessness abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate indulge : ascetic :: restrain : libertine indulgent [indʌĺdʒәnt] a. : LENIENT : showing, characterized by, or given to indulgence; lenient abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate (OPPOSITE) 1. to make hard; harden 2. to inure, as to hardship or ridicule 3. to make callous or obdurate indurate soften industrious a., : assiduous in work or study; diligent industriousness : activity :: fastidiousness : selectivity inebriant [iní briәnt] a. : serving to intoxicate inedible [inédәbәl] a. : unfit to be eaten; not edible edible : eat :: portable : drink :: admissible : allow ineffable [inéfәbәl] a. 1. incapable of being expressed in words; indescribable or unutterable 2. not to be uttered; taboo ineffable : description :: ineradicable, irradicable : obliteration obliterate, ( ) irradicable impossible to uproot or destroy; ineradicable ineluctable [ìnilʌḱtәbәl] a. : INEVITABLE : not to be avoided or escaped; inevitable impervious : penetrate :: ineluctable : avoid :: irrevocable : repeal ineluctable, inevitable : avoid :: untenable : defend untenable ( ) ; serendipitous : effort :: ineluctable : chance serendipity the faculty of making fortunate discoveries by accident inept [inépt] a. ; ;, 1. not apt or fitting; inappropriate 2. a. displaying a lack of judgment, sense, or reason; foolish b. bungling or clumsy adroitness : inept :: difficult : simplicity (OPPOSITE) inept deft, adroit, skilled, proficient, masterful, judicious proficient, having or marked by an advanced degree of competence judicious, finesse ineptitude

ineptitude [inéptәtjù d] n., : INCOMPETENCE finesse ineptitude finesse, ;, inequity [in'ekw ti] n., (unfairness) 1. injustice; unfairness 2. an instance of injustice or unfairness inequity disinterestedness, rectitude rectitude (righteousness, integrity), inequity disinterested disinterested ; inerrancy n. / : freedom from error or untruths; infallibility inerrancy fallibility inert [inә rt] a. 1. unable to move or act 2. sluggish in action or motion; lethargic ephemeral : endure :: inert : react (LACK) reactant inert material reactant inert active, actively moving, dynamic, fast moving, move quickly inertia [in' :r :i ] n. ; 1. (physics) the tendency of a body to resist acceleration; the tendency of a body at rest to remain at rest or of a body in motion to stay in motion in a straight line unless acted on by an outside force 2. resistance or disinclination to motion, action, or change persistence : vacillate :: inertia : react inertia activity, tendency to change motion inestimable [inéstәmәbәl] a. ; (invaluable) too valuable or excellent to be measured or appreciated inevitable [inévitәbәl] a. ; 1. impossible to avoid or prevent 2. invariably occurring or appearing; predictable ineluctable, inevitable : avoid :: untenable : defend :: impervious : penetrate ineluctable not to be avoided or escaped; inevitable inevitable : chance :: absolute : variability (OPPOSITE) inexorable [inéksәrәbәl] a., : not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty; relentless inexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : conquest inexorable relenting relent, to become more lenient, compassionate, or forgiving inexpurgate v. / : expurgate to remove erroneous, vulgar, obscene, or otherwise objectionable material from (a book, for example) before publication inexpurgate obliterate infamy [ínfәmi] n. 1. evil fame or reputation 2. the condition of being infamous 3. an evil or criminal act that is publicly known infamy good repute infatuate [infǽtʃuèit] vt., 1. to inspire with unreasoning love or attachment 2. to cause to behave foolishly sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuation (형 : 명) sabbatical ; odium infatuation odium, ;, odious arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure infelicitous [ìnfәlísitәs] a. ; 1. inappropriate; ill-chosen 2. not happy; unfortunate happy infelicitous infelicity ['infil'is ti] n., 1. the quality or condition of being infelicitous 2. something inappropriate or unpleasing infelicity appropriateness infer [infә r] vt. : GUESS, SURMISE 1. to conclude from evidence or premises 2. to reason from circumstance; surmise 3. to lead to as a consequence or conclusion 4. to hint; imply tacit : infer :: encoded : decode tacit ;, intimate : communicate :: allude : infer intimate ; / inferno [infә rnou] n. ; 1. a place or condition suggestive of hell, especially with respect to human suffering or death 2. a place of fiery heat or destruction fire : inferno :: storm : hurricane (A << B) infiltrate [infíltreit, - -- ] v., / 1. a. to pass (troop, for example) surreptitiously into enemyheld territory b. to penetrate with hostile intent 2. to enter or take up positions in gradually or urreptitiously, as for purposes of espionage or takeover 3. to cause (a liquid, for example) to permeate a substance by passing through its interstices or pores 4. to permeate (a porous substance) with a liquid or gas infiltrate : enter :: conspire : plan :: insinuate : say :: stalk : follow :: plot : plan insinuate, ; infinite [ínfәnit] a., : INEXHAUSTIBLE 1. having no boundaries or limits 2. immeasurably great or large; boundless infinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlap unique : precedent :: infinite : end infinity bounded space infirm [infә rm] a., ; 1. weak in body, especially from old age or disease; feeble 2. lacking firmness of will, character, or purpose; irresolute 3. not strong or stable; shaky hale infirm inflame [infléim] v., 1. to arouse to passionate feeling or action 2. to make more violent; intensify 3. a. to cause (the skin) to redden or grow hot, as from strong emotion or stimulants b. to turn red or make glow 4. to produce inflammation in (a tissue or an organ) 5. to set on fire; kindle inflame assuage, subdue subdue, ;, inflate [infl'eit] v., ; ( deflate) 1. to fill (something) with air or gas so as to make it swell 2. a. to enlarge or amplify unduly or improperly; aggrandize b.

to raise or expand abnormally or improperly 3. to cause (a currency or an economy) to undergo inflation inflate minimize ingrate [íngreit] : an ungrateful person ingrate thankful person influx [ínflʌ ks] n. ;, 1. a flowing in 2. a mass arrival or incoming exodus influx infuriate [infjúәrièit] v. : to make furious; enrage infuriate : rage :: commend : esteem commend ; infuriate : rage :: nonplus : perplexity nonplus, to put at a loss as to what to think, say, or do; bewilder infuse [infjú z] v., : INSPIRE, ANIMATE 1. to put into or introduce as if by pouring 2. to fill or cause to be filled with something inspire : infuse :: obliterate : remove (EQUAL) infuse drain away/out, refuse, extract, draw out ingenious [indʒí njәs] a. ; 1. marked by inventive skill and imagination 2. having or arising from an inventive or cunning mind; clever ingenious awkward, prosaic prosaic ;, ; ingenuous [indʒénju әs] a., ; : ARTLESS 1. lacking in sophistication or worldliness; artless 2. openly straightforward or frank; candid impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile :: delicate : offense (LACK) ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub dissemble, to disguise or conceal behind a false appearance raffish,, ; tawdry,, gaudy and cheap in nature or appearance rakish ;, ; dashingly or sportingly stylish; jaunty preen ( ), ;, initial [iníʃәl] a., snub, ; to ignore or behave coldly toward; slight fabricate : ingenuous :: discompose : placid discompose, ingratiating : win favor :: disingenuous : deceive : of, relating to, or occurring at the beginning; first eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated doyen,, a man who is the eldest or senior member of a group initial : realized :: irregular : classified :: tangible : indefinite :: tenable : undefended (OPPOSITE) ingratiating, ;, tenable, ; / pernicious : injure :: disingenuous : mislead pernicious, ; initial following initiate follow up ingenue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulness ingenue <æ nʒәnù:> an artless, innocent girl or young woman hypocritical, cunning, sly ingenuous, honest disingenuousness guilelessness ingest [ind3'est] v., : to take into the body by the mouth for digestion or absorption ingest expel ingrained [ingréind, - -] a., 1. firmly established; deep-seated 2. worked deeply into the texture or fiber ingrained easily to change, extrinsic extrinsic, ingratiate [ingréiʃièit] v., : to bring (oneself, for example) into the favor or good graces of another, especially by deliberate effort ingratiating [ingr'ei i'eitiŋ] v., ;, 1. pleasing; agreeable 2. calculated to please or win favor ingratiating : win favor :: disingenuous, fraudulent : deceive inherent [inhíәrәnt] a. : existing as an essential constituent or characteristic; intrinsic extrinsic inherent inhibition n., 1. the act of inhibiting or the state of being inhibited 2. something that restrains, blocks, or suppresses inhibit further, provide inhibitor catalyst inimical [inímikәl] a. ; 1. injurious or harmful in effect; adverse 2. unfriendly; hostile inimical friendly, amiable, amicable, amenable amenable ( ), responsive to advice, authority, or suggestion; tractable inimitable [inímitәbәl] a. ; : defying imitation; matchless indubitable : question :: inimitable : copy inimitable commonplace, ordinary iniquity [iníkwәti] n. : WICKEDNESS 1. gross immorality or injustice; wickedness 2. a grossly immoral act; a sin iniquity rectitude, disinterestedness initiate rectitude, ;, (correctness) [in'i i`eit] v., 1. to set doing by taking the first step; begin 2. to introduce to a new field, interest, skill, or activity 3. to admit into membership, as with ceremonies or ritual catalyst : initiate :: supervisor : oversight eccentric : conventional :: doyen : initiated (OPPOSITE) initiate follow up inveterate uninitiated initiative [iníʃәtiv] n., ;, : ENTERPRISE, INTRODUCTORY, PRELIMINARY 1. the power or ability to begin or to follow through energetically with a plan or task 2. a beginning or introductory step; an opening move initiative : entrepreneur :: impartiality : arbiter arbiter,

inkling [íŋkliŋ] n., 1. a slight hint or indication 2. a slight understanding or vague idea or notion inkling : knowledge :: modicum : quantity inkling : indication :: lapse : error (A << B) lapse ( ) ; ( ), ; ( ) innocent [ínәsnt] a. ; : BLAMELESS innocent culpable, guilty, innocuous [inɑḱju әs / inɔḱ-] a. ;, : INOFFENSIVE, INSIPID 1. having no adverse effect; harmless 2. not likely to offend or provoke to strong emotion; insipid placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous :: venom : toxic salve <sæv>, ; ; unctuous <ʌ ŋktʃuәs>, ; venom, ;, noxious, injurious wholesome, sanitary, innocuous sanitary ;, innovation [ìnouvéiʃәn] n. 1. the act of introducing something new 2. something newly introduced contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty contumacious ; obstinately disobedient or rebellious; insubordinate novelty,, ; ; / innuendo [ìnjuéndou] n. an indirect or subtle, usually derogatory implication in expression; an insinuation derogatory ( ) ; insinuate ;, innuendo : suspicion :: inquiry [inkwáiәri, - - -, ínkwәri] n. 1. the act of inquiring 2. a question; a query 3. a close examination of a matter in a search for information or truth confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory interrogatory, asking a question; of the nature of a question; interrogative inquisitive a., ; 1. unduly curious and inquiring 2. inclined t investigate; eager for knowledge inquisitive : curious :: painful : agonizing (A >> B) insalubrious ['ins l'u:bri s] a., : not promoting health; unwholesome insalubrious wholesome insatiable [inséiʃәbәl] a. install [inst'o:l] v. / ;, ;, : impossible to satiate or satisfy insatiable slakable 1. to set in position and connect or adjust for use slake (, ), ; ; 2. to induct into an office, a rank, or a position insensate [insénseit] a. ; 1. a. lacking sensation or awareness; inanimate b. unconscious 2. lacking sensibility; unfeeling 3. a. lacking sense or the power to reason b. foolish; witless insensate conscious of others; unfeeling b. lacking in responsiveness insensitive tender (부드러운, 민감한) insentient devoid of sensation or consciousness; inanimate insentient perceiving insert [insә rt] v. insert remove, tear insidious a., ; ; 1. working or spreading harmfully in a subtle or stealthy manner 2. intended to entrap; treacherous 3. beguiling but harmful; alluring insight ['ins'ait] n., ;, 1. the capacity to discern the true nature of a situation; penetration 2. the act or outcome of grasping the inward or hidden nature of things or of perceiving in an intuitive manner insight : discern :: mettle : endure mettle, ;, insight : discerning :: deadpan : impassive insightful obtuse insinuate v., ; 1. to introduce or otherwise convey (a thought, for example) gradually and insidiously 2. to introduce or insert (oneself) by subtle and artful means insipid [insípid] a., : DULL, FLAT 1. lacking flavor or zest; not tasty 2. lacking excitement, stimulation, or interest; dull insipid : invention :: prosaic : imagination insipid exciting, fascinating, piquant insolent [ínsәlәnt] a. : IMPUDENT 1. presumptuous and insulting in manner or speech; arrogant 2. audaciously rude or disrespectful perfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : veneration (LACK) perfunctory insolent polite, courteous, respectful, elegant courteous,, insouciant [insú siәnt] a. : NONCHALANT : marked by blithe unconcern; nonchalant tenacious : yield : : insouciant : worry tenacious, ; inspired [inspáiәrd] a. : outstanding or brilliant in a way or to a degree suggestive of divine inspiration pedestrian inspired pedestrian ;, (prosaic) undistinguished; ordinary 3. to settle in an indicated place or condition; establish install remove instate [instéit] vt. : to establish in office; install instate oust oust, to eject from a position or place; force out insensitive [ins'ens tiv] a., ; 1. not physically sensitive; numb 2. a. lacking in sensitivity to the feelings or circumstances instigate [ínstәgèit] vt. : PROVOKE 1. to urge on; goad 2. to stir up; foment

instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat browbeat to intimidate or subjugate by an overbearing manner or domineering speech; bully quell foment, instigate, rouse instill [instíl] v., 1. to introduce by gradual, persistent efforts; implant 2. to pour in (medicine, for example) drop by drop instill drain away/out, remove instinct ['instiŋ:kt] n. ; 1. an inborn pattern of behavior that is characteristic of a species and is often a response to specific environmental stimuli 2. a powerful motivation or impulse 3. an innate capability or aptitude instinct learned response instinctive deliberate institute [ínstәtjù t] vt. : ORGANIZE 1. a. to establish, organize, and set in operation b. to initiate; begin 2. to establish or invest in an office or a position rescind, abrogate, efface institute rescind / / to make void; repeal or annul abrogate ( ) to abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority instrumentalist n. instrumentalist : orchestra :: actor : troupe instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet insurgent [insә rdʒәnt] : rising in revolt against civil authority or a government in power; rebellious parsimony : miser :: rebelliousness : insurgent insurgent : rebel :: incendiary : agitate incendiary ;, ; insusceptible [`ins s'ept b: l] a. (insensible); insusceptible responsive, susceptible intact [intǽkt] a., ; 1. remaining sound, entire, or uninjured; not impaired in any way 2. having all physical parts riven intact rive, ; ( ) intangible [intǽndʒәbәl] a. ; : IMPALPABLE 1. incapable of being perceived by the senses 2. incapable of being realized or defined impracticable : effected :: intangible : known (A = B할 수 없는) tangible unable to perceive intangible readily perceived, corporeal integral [íntigrәl] a. ; : CONSTITUENT 1. essential or necessary for completeness; constituent 2. possessing everything essential; entire integral superfluous, redundant, tangential, peripheral tangential ; ;, insubordinate [ìnsәbɔ rdәnit] a. integrate ['int gr`eit] v. UNIFY : not submissive to authority insubordinate : submissive :: disaffected : contented :: capricious : deliberate disaffected, resentful and rebellious, especially against authority tractable insubordinate, intransigent, incorrigible, obstinate intransigent 1. to make into a whole by bringing all parts together; unify 2. a. to join with something else; unite b. to make part of a larger unit 3. to open to people of all races or ethnic groups without restriction; desegregate integrate fragment, separate, taint taint ; ; incorrigible ;, insubordinate authority integrity [intégrәti] n., ; : COMPLETENESS 1. steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code insubstantial ['ins bst'æn : l] a. ;, ;, 2. the state of being unimpaired; soundness 3. the quality or condition of being whole or undivided; 1. lacking substance or reality 2. a. not firm or solid; flimsy b. delicate; fine insubstantial extensive, firm, objective, pithy, significant completeness ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity :: genuine : authenticity ecumenical, of worldwide scope or applicability; universal taint integrity, wholesomeness insufferable [ins' f: r b: l] a., taint, ; ; / ; ( ) :(unbearable) difficult or impossible to endure; intolerable insufferable tolerable integrity incompleteness insular [ínsәlәr, -sjә-] a. ;, 1. a. of, relating to, or constituting an island b. living or located on an island 2. a. suggestive of the isolated life of an island b. circumscribed and detached in outlook and experience; narrow or provincial insular ecumenical, cosmopolitan insular refinement insularity cosmopolitanism insulate [ínsәlèit, -sjә-] v. / ; / 1. to cause to be in a detached or isolated position 2. to prevent the passage of heat, electricity, or sound into or out of, especially by surrounding with a nonconducting material insulate expose intelligible [intélәdʒәbәl] a. 1. capable of being understood 2. capable of being apprehended by the intellect alone correct : accurate :: garble : unintelligible garble ;, intemperate [intémpәrit] a. ; ; ; : not temperate or moderate; excessive, especially in the use of alcoholic beverages intemperate constrained, equable equable, ; intensify [inténsәfài] vi. : STRENGTHEN 1. to make intense or more intense 2. to increase the contrast of (a photographic image)

moderate : intensity :: extenuate : seriousness extenuate ; abate : intensity :: taper : width alleviate : intensity :: abate : tax abate, assuage, attenuate intensify, promote inter [intә r] vt., : to place in a grave or tomb; bury inter : burial :: obliterate : removal intercede [ìntәrsí d] vi. : MEDIATE 1. to plead on another's behalf 2. to act as mediator in a dispute intercessor : mediate :: augur : prediction :: translator : interpret interdict [ìntәrdíkt] v. 1. to prohibit or place under an ecclesiastical or legal sanction 2. to forbid or debar, especially authoritatively 3. a. to cut or destroy (a line of communication) by firepower so as to halt an enemy's advance b. to confront and halt the activities, advance, or entry of interdict authorize interim [íntәrim] a., : belonging to, serving during, or taking place during an intermediate interval of time; temporary respite : labor :: interim : concert interim continuous, permanent interlock [ìntәrlɑḱ / -lɔḱ] v., ; 1. to unite or join closely as by hooking or dovetailing 2. to connect together (parts of a mechanism, for example) so that the motion or operation of individual parts affect each other dovetail ( ) interlocking independent interloper [ìntәrlóupәr] n. : one that interferes with the affairs of others, often for selfish reasons; a meddler interlude [íntәrlù d] n. ; : INTERVAL 1. an intervening episode, feature, or period of time 2. a. a short farcical entertainment performed between the acts of a medieval mystery or morality play b. a 16th-century genre of comedy derived from this c. an entertainment between the acts of a play 3. (music) a short piece inserted between the parts of a longer composition interminable [intә rmәnәbәl] a., ; 1. being or seeming to be without an end; endless 2. tiresomely long; wearisome countless, innumerable, myriad, untold : number :: everlasting, interminable : duration myriad constituting a very large, indefinite number; innumerable untold ; ;, interminable : lengthy :: boundless : extensive intermittent [ìntәrmítәnt] a. 1. stopping and starting at intervals 2. alternately containing and empty of water intermittent constant, continued interregnum [`int r'egn m] n. / ; ( ) 1. the interval of time between the end of a sovereign's reign and the accession of a successor 2. a period of temporary suspension of the usual functions of government or control 3. a gap in continuity interregnum : government :: hibernation : activity interrogate [intérәgèit] vt., : to examine by questioning formally or officially interrogate : probe :: probe ; confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory question : interrogative :: order : imperative imperative, ; usurp : seize :: interrogate : examine (A >> B) usurp to seize and hold (the power or rights) by force and without legal authority interrogate : information :: investigate : inquiry investigate to observe or inquire into in detail; examine systematically interrogative a., ;, 1. asking a question or being of the nature of a question 2. of, relating to, or being an element or construction used to ask a question interrogatory a. ; asking a question; of the nature of a question; interrogative intervene [ìntәrví n] vi. ; 1. to come, appear, or lie between two things 2. to come or occur between two periods or points of time 3. to occur as an extraneous or unplanned circumstance 4. a. to come in or between so as to hinder or alter an action b. to interfere, usually through force or threat of force, in the affairs of another nation intimate [íntәmit] n. v., 1. to make known subtly and indirectly; hint 2. to announce; proclaim clique : intimates :: flock : sheep intimate : close :: engrossed : absorbed :: obsessed : attracted (A >> B) intimate : communicate :: allude : infer (동사) allude to make an indirect reference intimidate [intímәdèit] vt., 1. to make timid; fill with fear 2. to coerce or inhibit by or as if by threats sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation extortion, ; dauntless : intimidate :: irrepressible : restrain irrepressible, difficult or impossible to control or restrain coward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscate obfuscate ; cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize choler,, sabotage : subvertness :: bull : intimidation intractable [intr'ækt b: l] a.,, 1. difficult to manage or govern; stubborn 2. difficult to mold or manipulate 3. difficult to alleviate, remedy, or cure intractable obeisant intransigent [intrǽnsәdʒәnt] a. :UNCOMPROMISING : refusing to compromise or to abandon an extreme position or attitude

firm : intransigent :: concerned : obsessed (A << B) obsess to preoccupy the mind of excessively intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend intransigent open to compromise docile, pliant, tractable insubordinate, intransigent, incorrigible, obstinate, intractable intransigence docility, pliancy, tractability intrepid [intrépәd] a., : resolutely courageous; fearless genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear (OPPOSITE) genteel, ; intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract (OPPOSITE) deter ; to prevent or discourage from acting, as by means of fear or doubt rapt, ; intrepid apprehensive intrepidness craven intricacy [íntrikәsi] n. chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy chiaroscuro <kià:rәskjúәrou> n. intrigue [intr'i:g] vi. ; 1. to engage in secret or underhand schemes; plot 2. to arouse the interest or curiosity of intrigue, interest pall pall, intriguing [intrí giŋ] a. ; : FASCINATING interesting : intriguing :: bootless : futile (EQUAL) bootless without advantage or benefit; useless intrinsic [intrínsik] a., : of or relating to the essential nature of a thing; inherent intrinsic extraneous intuitive ['int:ju:b`eit] a. 1. of, relating to, or arising from intuition 2. known or perceived through intuition 3. possessing or demonstrating intuition extraneous intuitive ( ) inundate ['in nd`eit] v,, ; 1. to cover with water, especially floodwaters 2. to overwhelm as if with a flood; swamp inundate drain inundation [ínәndèiʃәn, -nʌn-] n. : to cover with a flood : OVERFLOW inure [injúәr] vt. ( ) : to habituate to something undesirable, especially by prolonged subjection; accustom inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency addict ( ), invariant a., : not varying; constant invariance fluctuation invective [invéktiv] n. 1. denunciatory or abusive language; vituperation 2. denunciatory or abusive expression or discourse exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit (A = B하게 하는 행동) exhortation,, exhort to urge by strong, often stirring argument, admonition, advice, or appeal polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive polemic, ; invective accolade, approbation, compliment, exalt, extol, flattery, laud, laudatory speech/words inveigh [invéi] vi., : to protest or complain bitterly or vehemently inveigh verbally provide support inveigle [inví gәl, -véi-] v. ; 1. to win over by coaxing, flattery, or artful talk 2. to obtain by cajolery plot : plan :: inveigle : interest (DEFECTIVE) inveigle request directly, openly seek to persuade inventory [ínvәntɔ ri / -tәri] n. ; 1. a. a detailed, itemized list, report, or record of things in one's possession, especially a periodic survey of all goods and materials in stock b. the process of making such a list, report, or record c. the items listed in such a report or record d. the quantity of goods and materials on hand; stock e. an evaluation or a survey, as of abilities, assets, or resources census : population :: inventory : stock inventory : merchandise :: manifest : cargo manifest n. ; a list of cargo or passengers carried on a ship or plane investigate [invéstәgèit] v., : to observe or inquire into in detail; examine systematically cavil : criticize :: probe : investigate (EQUAL) cavil to find fault unnecessarily; raise trivial objections inveterate [invétәrit] a., 1. firmly and long established; deep-rooted 2. persisting in an ingrained habit; habitual inveterate casual, one-time, uninitiated invidious [invídiәs] a. ; 1. tending to rouse ill will, animosity, or resentment 2. containing or implying a slight; discriminatory 3. envious invidious beneficial invigorate [invígәrèit] v. : STIMULATE : to impart vigor, strength, or vitality to; animate conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate conducive, tending to cause or bring about; contributive tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden analgesic a medication that reduces or eliminates pain debilitate, demoralize, enfeeble, enervate, emaciate, sap invigorate debilitate to sap the strength or energy of; enervate emaciate / ; ( ) invincible [invínsәbәl] a., : incapable of being overcome or defeated; unconquerable invincible : conquer :: optimal : improve :: negligible : perceive (A = B할 수 없는) invincible : subdue :: impervious : damage impervious ; inviolable [inv'ai l b: l] a., ; 1. secure from violation or profanation 2. impregnable to assault or trespass; invincible pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolable profane ;,

inviolate [inváiәlit] a. : PURE : not violated or profaned; intact intact,, pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolate :: penetrate : impermeable :: comprehend : obscure profane ; inviolable profane, impure invite [inváit] v. : ENTICE, PROVOKE 1. to ask for the presence or participation of 2. to request formally 3. to welcome; encourage 4. to tend to bring on; provoke 5. to entice; tempt invite ward off ward off, 1. to turn aside; parry 2. to try to prevent; avert invoice [ínvɔis] n., ; ( ) 1. a detailed list of goods shipped or services rendered, with an account of all costs; an itemized bill 2. the goods or services itemized in an invoice consignment : invoice :: consignment, ; consign, ;, ; invulnerable [invʌĺnәrәbәl] a., ; 1. immune to attack; impregnable 2. impossible to damage, injure, or wound impregnable, ; euphemism : offend :: invulnerable : injure untenable : defense :: invulnerable : injury untenable being such that defense or maintenance is impossible irascible [irǽsәbәl, air-] a. 1. prone to outbursts of temper; easily angered 2. characterized by or resulting from anger irascible : placate :: insensate : conscious irrevocable insensate ; (unfeeling), (brutal); : impossible to retract or revoke affable irascible affable ; easy and pleasant to speak to; gentle and gracious irate [áireit, -- ] a. 1. extremely angry; enraged 2. characterized or occasioned by anger gush : effusive :: rage : irate gush, iridescence [ìrәdésәns] n. iridescent 1. producing a display of lustrous, rainbow-like colors 2. brilliant, lustrous, or colorful in effect or appearance iridescent monochromatic irk [ә rk] v. : VEX, IRRITATE : to be irritating, wearisome, or vexing to irk : enrage :: suggest : urge (A << B) enrage to put into a rage; infuriate pest : irksome :: expert : proficient pest, / / ;, ;, irk act defensively, cause to pleased, gratify, make someone pleased, please ironclad [áiәrnklǽd] a. ;, : rigid; fixed; so firm or secure as to be unbreakable jammed : full :: ironclad : firm :: brilliant : smart (EQUAL) irradicable a., : impossible to uproot or destroy; ineradicable ineffable : description :: irradicable : obliterate ineffable, incorrigible : amend :: irradicable : remove irreducible [ìridjú sәbәl] a. : impossible to reduce to a desired, simpler, or slammer form or amount factorable irreducible factor, factorize irrelevant [irélәvәnt] a. : INAPPLICABLE : unrelated to the matter at hand immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center :: circuitous : directness, immaterial ;, germane irrelevant germane ; invoke [invóuk] vt. immaterial relevant 1. to call on (a higher power) for assistance, support, or immaterial, ;, ;, inspiration 2. to appeal to or cite in support or justification / irresolute [irézәlù t] a. : VACILLATING, 3. to call for earnestly; solicit INDECISIVE invoke suspend 1. unsure of how to act or proceed; undecided 2. lacking in resolution; indecisive demur : qualms :: waver : irresoluteness demur, to voice opposition; object qualm, ;, irresolution determination irreverent [irévәrәnt] a. 1. lacking or exhibiting a lack of reverence; disrespectful 2. critical of what is generally accepted or respected; satirical irreverent respectful awe irreverence a., irrevocable : rescind :: rescind / to make void; repeal or annul irrigate [írәgèit] v.,, : WET, MOISTEN : to supply (as land or crops) with water by artificial means : to flush (a body part) with a stream of liquid (as in removing a foreign body or medicating) irrigate : flush ::??????? (<<) irritate [írәtèit] v. : to rouse to impatience or anger; annoy antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation haunt : familiar, similarity :: harass : irritating haunt ( ), ; ( ) irritate : pacific :: fabricate : ingenuous fabricate ;, ingenuous, ;, balm, salve irritant salve, ;, ( )

issue [íʃu / ísju ] n. ; ( ) v. jaundice [dʒɔ ndis, dʒɑ n-] v. ; debate : issue :: bargain : price (A = B를 이야기하다) retort : repartee :: debate : issue repartee <rèpәrtí:>, : to affect with envy, jealousy, prejudice, or hostility jaundice speak favorably jaundiced disposed favorably, unprejudiced, candid retort, ; stanza : line :: volume : issue (issue : 월 단위, volume : 년 단위) episode : series :: issue : periodical jaunty [dʒɔ nti, dʒɑ n-] a. ( ) ; ( ) : LIVELY issue withdraw 1. having a buoyant or self-confident air; brisk 2. crisp and dapper in appearance; natty isthmus [ísmәs] n. : a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas isthmus : land :: strait : water strait ;, itinerary [ait'in r`eiri] n., ; / 1. a route or proposed route of a journey 2. an account or a record of a journey 3. a guidebook for travelers itinerary : trip :: syllabus : course jabber [dʒǽbәr] v. : to talk rapidly, unintelligibly, or idly jabber speak slowly jaded [dʒeidid] a., : EXHAUSTED 1. worn out; wearied 2. dulled by surfeit; sated overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune jaded keen jammed [dʒæmd] a. jammed : full :: ironclad : firm ironclad ;, jape [dʒeip] v. : to joke or quip quip,, revere jape at J jar [dʒɑ r] n., vi. ; ( ) 1. to make or utter a harsh sound 2. to be disturbing or irritating; grate 3. to shake or shiver from impact 4. to clash or conflict puncture : deflated :: jar : unsettled (A = B하게 하다) jargon [dʒɑ rgɑn / -gɔn] n. ; 1. nonsensical, incoherent, or meaningless talk 2. a hybrid language or dialect 3. the specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group vernacular : place :: jargon : profession vernacular staid jaunty staid, jazz [dʒæz] n. portrait : painting :: jazz : music jealousy [dʒélәsi] n. attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous (A << B) jejune [dʒidʒú n] a.,, : DULL 1. not interesting; dull 2. lacking maturity; childish 3. lacking in nutrition labyrinthine : simplicity :: jejune : interest jejune thought provoking jeopardy [dʒe pәrdi] n. ( ) : risk of loss or injury; peril or danger uninformative : fathom :: jeopardy : overcome (A = B하기 어려운) ( ) jerk [dʒә rk] v. : to give a quick suddenly arrested push, pull, or twist to jest [dʒest] n., ;, 1. a playful or amusing act; a prank 2. a frolicsome or frivolous mood 3. an object of ridicule; a laughingstock 4. a witty remark prank, a mischievous trick or practical joke frolicsome, ;, full of high-spirited fun; frisky and playful jeer : derision :: reprimand : censure (EQUAL) jest solemn speaking/utterance, solemnity jettison [dʒétәsәn, -zәn] v. ( ) ; ( ) n. : to cast overboard or off : a voluntary sacrifice of cargo to lighten a ship's load in time of distress jettison retain jettison salvage jibe [dʒaib] v. / : to be in accord; agree jibe conflict jingo n., : one who vociferously supports one's country, especially one who supports a belligerent foreign policy; a chauvinistic patriot jingoist [dʒíŋgouist] n. nepotism : kinship :: jingoist : nationality (A = B에 대한 과도한 집착) jar [d3 :r] v., ;, nepotism,, ( ) dove, pacifist warmonger, jingoist 1. to make or utter a harsh sound dove ;,, ;, 2. to be disturbing or irritating; grate 3. to shake or shiver from impact jitter [dʒítәr] v., 4. to clash or conflict : to be nervous or uneasy; fidget malodorous : smell :: jarring : sound fidget,, melodious jarring jittery resolute melodious ;,

jocular [d3' kj l :r] a., : characterized by joking; given to joking jocular lachrymose, serious, conform to tradition jocund [dʒɑḱәnd, dʒóuk- / dʒɔḱ-] a. : sprightly and lighthearted in disposition, character, or quality jocular, characterized by joking; given to joking jocund dreary, morose, dour, serious dreary, ; ; morose, sullenly melancholy; gloomy dour ;, dejection jocundity jocund, jocular lachrymose lachrymose ;, jog [dʒɑg, dʒɔg] v. jog : exercise :: barter : trade barter to trade goods or services without the exchange of money joke [dʒouk] n. joke : punch line :: plot : denouement punch line (, ) denouement <dèinu:máŋ> ; pun : joke :: supernova : star pun 동음이의어를 이용한 말장난 jolt [dʒoult] vi. ; 1. to move or dislodge with a sudden, hard blow; strike heavily or jarringly 2. to cause to move jerkily 3. to put into a specified condition by or as if by a blow 4. to make suddenly active or effective 5. to disturb suddenly and severely; stun jolt : move :: check : stop (A = 갑자기 B하다) check to arrest the motion of abruptly; halt jot [dʒɑt / dʒɔt] vt. : to write down briefly or hastily nip : eat :: jot : write nip to sip (alcoholic liquor) in small amounts jot : write :: skim : read jovial [dʒóuviәl] a., : marked by hearty conviviality and good cheer jovial mournful, drab, morose, saturnine, maudlin, lachrymose, lugubrious drab ; ;, saturnine ;, maudlin, effusively or tearfully sentimental lugubrious ( ), joviality moroseness morose, sullenly melancholy; gloomy joyous [d3'oi s] a., : feeling or causing joy; joyful joyous grievous jubilant [dʒú bәlәnt] a. : EXULTANT : exultingly joyful; expressing joy dolorous jubilant dolorous, marked by or exhibiting sorrow, grief, or pain judicious [dʒu díʃәs] a. : DISCREET : having or exhibiting sound judgment; prudent miser : stingy :: sage : judicious sage, daft, unwise, imprudent judicious daft ; 1. mad; crazy 2. foolish; stupid polite injudicious judiciousness indiscretion juggernaut [dʒʌǵәrnɔ t] n., 1. something, such as a belief or an institution, that elicits blind and destructive devotion or to which people are ruthlessly sacrificed 2. an overwhelming, advancing force that crushes or seems to crush everything in its path juggernaut : unstoppable :: enigma : impenetrable :: extemporization : spontaneous juggernaut : stoppable :: exacting : satisfied juggernaut : crush :: quisling : betray :: charlatan : deceive quisling siren : unresistant :: juggernaut : unstoppable siren ( ) [ ];, ;, jumble [dʒʌḿbl] vi., 1. to mix in a confused way; throw together carelessly 2. to muddle; confuse mixture : jumble :: justify [dʒʌśtәfài] vt. ; 1. to demonstrate or prove to be just, right, or valid 2. to declare free of blame; absolve justify argue against juxtapose [dʒʌ kstәpóuz, / - -- ] vt. (, ) : to place side by side, especially for comparison or contrast K kangaroo [kæ ŋgәrú ] n. kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent marsupial <ma:rsjú:piәl> rodent ken [ken] n. ;, 1. perception; understanding 2. a. range of vision b. view; sight earshot : hear :: ken : see earshot hearing distance kidnap [k'idn`æp] v., : to seize and detain unlawfully and usually for ransom kidnap : detainment :: extortion : retribution (DEFECTIVE ::??) ( ) retribution,, kindle [kíndl] vt., : AROUSE 1. a. to build or fuel (a fire) b. to set fire to; ignite 2. to cause to glow; light up 3. to arouse (an emotion, for example) extinguish, squelch kindle, rekindle kindred [kíndrid] n., ; ;, 1. of the same ancestry or family 2. having a similar or related origin, nature, or character kindred unsimilarity, dissimilar

kink [kiŋk] n., ; ( ), ;, 1. a tight curl, twist, or bend in a length of thin material, as one caused by the tensing of a looped section of wire 2. a painful muscle spasm( ), in the neck or back; a crick 3. a difficulty or flaw that is likely to impede operation, as in a plan or system 4. a mental peculiarity; a quirk 5. an unusual or eccentric idea crick,, a painful cramp or muscle spasm, as in the back or neck kiss [kis] vt. scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection :: hurl : disgust scowl to wrinkle or contract the brow as an expression of anger or disapproval hurl ; ( ) knack [næk] n., 1. a clever, expedient way of doing something 2. a specific talent for something, especially one difficult to explain or teach redundant : necessity :: clumsy : knack knack ineptitude, awkwardness knack foolish knave [neiv] n.,, 1. an unprincipled, crafty fellow 2. a. a male servant b. a man of humble birth crafty, skilled in or marked by underhandedness, deviousness, or deception sage : judgment :: knave : deceit sage,, one venerated for experience, judgment, and wisdom knave : rogue :: jack : man (EQUAL) rogue,, ; jack ;, ;, ; knead [ni d] vt., ; ( ) 1. to mix and work into a uniform mass, as by folding, pressing, and stretching with the hands 2. to make or shape by or as if by folding, pressing, and stretching with the hands 3. to squeeze, press, or roll with the hands, as in massaging knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable malleable ; permeable that can be permeated or penetrated, especially by liquids or gases knit [nit] vi., ;, 1. to make (a fabric or garment) by intertwining yarn or thread in a series of connected loops either by hand with knitting needles or on a machine 2. to form (yarn or thread) into fabric by intertwining 3. to join closely; unite securely 4. to draw (the brows) together in wrinkles; furrow furrow, ; ; knit : yarn :: plait : hair study : reconditeness yarn ( ) ; plait (, ) / (braid) recondite, not easily understood; abstruse needle : knit :: loom : weave loom, ; ravel knit ravel, ; knotty [nɑ ti / nɔ ti] a. ; 1. tied or snarled in knots 2. covered with knots or knobs 3. difficult to understand or solve; puzzlingly intricate snarl, ;, knotty easy, simple kudos [kjú dɑs / kjú dɔs] n., : acclaim or praise for exceptional achievement kudos disparagement, disparage labile [léibil, -bail] a., : UNSTABLE : open to change; adaptable labile stable, immutable, permanent labored [léibә rd] a., 1. produced or done with effort 2. lacking natural ease; strained glib labored glib, ;, L labyrinth [lǽbәrìnɵ] n., :INTRICACY, PERPLEXITY 1. a. an intricate structure of interconnecting passages through which it is difficult to find one's way; a maze b. (Greek mythology) the maze in which the Minotaur was confined 2. something highly intricate or convoluted in character, composition, or construction labyrinthine : simplicity :: jejune : interest (OPPOSITE) jejune, ;, threadbare, timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directness (OPPOSITE) threadbare (worn-out); (shabby) timeworn, ;, ribald : seemly :: labyrinthine : direct (OPPOSITE) ribald, characterized by or indulging in vulgar, lewd humor lewd, a. preoccupied with sex and sexual desire; lustful b. obscene; indecent seemly, ; labyrinth : tortuous :: ornament : decorative tortuous (winding); (devious); labyrinth directness, simplicity labyrinthine simple lacerate [lǽsәrèit] v., ; (, ) 1. to rip, cut, or tear 2. to cause deep emotional pain to; distress lacerate mitigate lachrymose [l'ækr m`ous] a. ;, 1. weeping or inclined to weep; tearful 2. causing or tending to cause tears jocund, jocular, glad lachrymose lackluster [lǽklʌ stә r] a. /, : DULL, MEDIOCRE : lacking brightness, luster, or vitality; dull lackluster radiant, resplendent, refulgent, burnish resplendent, ; splendid or dazzling in appearance; brilliant refulgent shining radiantly; resplendent burnish,

laconic [lәkɑńik / -kɔń-] a., : using or marked by the use of few words; terse or concise audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility (OPPOSITE) audacious ;, trepidation, ;,, aspiration ;, laconic : speech :: austere : design laconic loquacious, voluble, garrulous, verbose laconism verbosity voluble taciturn, laconic, succinct, reticent lambaste [læmbéist] vt., : CENSURE, BERATE 1. to give a thrashing to; beat 2. to scold sharply; berate berate to rebuke or scold angrily and at length lambaste extol lame a. ; ;,, 1. disabled so that movement, especially walking, is difficult or impossible 2. marked by pain or rigidness 3. weak and ineffectual; unsatisfactory lament v., 1. to express grief for or about; mourn 2. to regret deeply; deplore celebrate : lament :: slight : show respect (OPPOSITE) lamentable [lǽmәntәb-әl] a. : MOURNFUL : inspiring or deserving of lament or regret; deplorable or pitiable lamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censure reprehensible, deserving rebuke or censure; blameworthy celebration :: lamentable :: slight :: respectful (OPPOSITE) laminate [lǽmәnèit] v. / 1. to beat or compress into a thin plate or sheet 2. to divide into thin layers laminate : divide :: lampoon [læmpú n] n. 1. a broad satirical piece that uses ridicule to attack a person, a group, or an institute 2. a light, good-humored satire panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize panegyric / ; a formal eulogistic composition intended as a public compliment satire : lampoon :: diligence : effort paean harshly lampoon paean <pí:әn>, landfill [lǽndfìl] n. cistern : liquids :: landfill : refuse cistern, ; landlord [lǽndlɔ rd] n., 1. a person who owns and rents land, buildings, or dwelling units 2. a man who runs a rooming house or an inn; an innkeeper landmark n. ; 1. a prominent identifying feature of a landscape 2. a fixed marker, such as a concrete block, that indicates a boundary line 3. an event marking an important stage of development or a turning point in history 4. a building or site that has historical significance, especially one that is marked for preservation by a municipal or national government hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous seclude, to set or keep apart, as from social contact with others landslide [lǽndslàid] n. ; ( ) 1. a. the downward sliding of a relatively dry mass of earth and rock b. the mass that slides 2. a. an overwhelming majority of votes for a political party or candidate b. an election that sweeps a party or candidate into office 3. a great victory droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide landslide debacle debacle, ; lane [lein] n. ;, 1. a. a narrow country road b. a narrow way or passage between walls, hedges, or fences 2. a narrow passage, course, or track, especially: a. a prescribed course for ships or aircraft b. a strip delineated on a street or highway to accomodate a single line of vehicles languid [lǽŋgwid] a. (, ) ; : WEAK 1. lacking energy or vitality; weak 2. showing little or no spirit or animation; listless 3. lacking vigor or force; slow languid : energy :: desultory : plan desultory, ; languid effervescent, energetic, vivacious, vehement vivacious, full of animation and spirit; lively vehement ; languish [lǽŋgwiʃ] v. ; 1. to be or become weak or feeble; lose strength or vigor 2. to exist or continue in miserable or disheartening conditions 3. to remain unattended or be neglected 4. to become downcast; pine 5. to affect a wistful or languid air, especially in order to gain sympathy languish effervesce, thrive thrive, languor [lǽŋgә r] n. ;, ; 1. lack of physical or mental energy; listlessness 2. a dreamy, lazy mood or quality 3. oppressive quiet or stillness languor alacrity, thriveness lank [læŋk] a. : SLENDER, THIN 1. long and lean 2. long, straight, and limp lank, slender, slim, spindly stalwart stalwart, ;, lapse [læps] n. ( ) ; ;, : a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or inattention 1. the act or an instance of lapsing, as: a. a usually minor or temporary failure; a slip b. a deterioration or decline c. a moral fall 2. a break in continuity; a pause 3. a period of time; an interval lapse : error :: misbehavior : criminality :: misdemeanor : crime (A <<

B) inkling : indication :: lapse : error (A << B) misdemeanor, a misdeed inkling a slight hint or indication larder [lɑ rdә r] n. : PANTRY 1. a place, such as a pantry or cellar, where food is stored 2. a supply of food larder : food :: wardrobe : clothes larder : provisions :: vault : valuables vault ;, larder : food :: armory : munitions munition ( -s), ;, largesse [lɑ rdʒés, lɑ rdʒis] n., 1. a. liberality in bestowing gifts, especially in a lofty or condescending manner b. money or gifts bestowed 2. generosity of spirit or attitude largesse parsimony, penury, penuriousness stint, to restrict or limit, as in amount or number; lariat [lǽriәt] n., : LASSO be sparing with lariat : wrangler :: crook : shepherd wrangler / ; crook, ; ( ), ( impecunious, lavish hoard ( ) hoard a hidden fund or supply stored for future use; a cache ) ( ) lax [læks] a.,, lash [læʃ] v.,, (, ), to secure or bind, as with a rope, cord, or chain lash unbind lassitude [lǽsitjù d] n., : a state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or listlessness lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge (OPPOSITE) arrogance : defer :: lassitude : stir defer, to submit to the opinion, wishes, or decision of another through respect or in recognition of his or her authority, knowledge, or judgment lassitude vim, animation, verve, vitality, ebullience, effervesce, a feeling of vigor, heartener, vigor vim,, ebullient vitality and energy verve, latent [léit-әnt] a. : present or potential but not evident or active latency : response :: incubation : disease (A lack B ::??) ( ) latent manifest laudatory [lɔ dәtɔ ri / -t-әri] a. / : expressing or conferring praise counsel : advice :: laud : homage (EQUAL, 동 : 명) execrable commendable, laudable execrable, pejorative, execrable laudatory, laudable pejorative, execrable, laud revile, blame, deprecate, malign revile, to assail with abusive language; vituperate lavish [lǽviʃ] a. ;, 1. characterized by or produced with extravagance and profusion 2. immoderate in giving or bestowing; unstinting unstinting bestowed liberally excoriate extol, praise lavishly excoriate ; to censure strongly; denounce lavish, prosperous mean, stint, penurious, austere, economical, parsimonious, impecunious 1. lacking in rigor, strictness, or firmness 2. not taut, firm, or compact; slack 3. loose and not easily retained or controlled lax taut, stringent, strict laxity intensification laze [leiz] v., : to be lazy; loaf laze travail travail, ;, ; leaden [lédn] a. ( ), 1. made of or containing lead 2. a. heavy and inert b. listless; sluggish 3. lacking liveliness or sparkle; dull 4. downcast; depressed 5. dull, dark gray in color vivacious, buoyant leaden vivacious, full of animation and spirit; lively leakage [lí kidʒ] n., seal : leakage :: lubricate : abrasion lathe [leið] n. lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten latitude [lǽtәtjù d] n. ; (, ) 1. a. the angular distance north or south of the earth's equator, measured in degrees along a meridian, as on a map or globe b. a region of the earth considered in relation to its distance from the equator 2. (astronomy) the angular distance of a celestial body north or south of the ecliptic 3. freedom from normal restraints, limitations, or regulations latitude strict constraint, tight restraint, restraint, limitation leaning [l'i:niŋ] a. ;, ; : an inclination, a tendency, or a preference leaning disinclination leaven [lév-әn] vt. ; 1. an agent, such as yeast, that causes batter or dough to rise, especially by fermentation 2. an element, influence, or agent that works subtly to lighten, enliven, or modify a whole distill : purity :: leaven : volume lectern [léktә rn] n., 1. a reading desk with a slanted top holding the books from which scriptural passages are read during a church service 2. a stand that serves as a support for the notes or books of a speaker

ledger [lédʒә r] n. : a book in which the monetary transactions of a business are posted in the form of debits and credits leer [liә r], to look with a sidelong glance, indicative especially of sexual desire or sly and malicious intent stare : leer :: peruse : smattering (A >> B) peruse ;, to read or examine, typically with great care leery [lí-әri] a. : SUSPICIOUS, WARY : suspicious or distrustful wary, leery showing no doubt, imprudent legacy [légәsi] n., 1. money or property bequeathed to another by will 2. something handed down from an ancestor or a predecessor or from the past legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor legacy : predecessor :: endowment : patron legend [lédʒ-әnd] n. ; ; : an explanatory list of the symbols on a map or chart glossary : text :: legend : map legendary obscure legendary ; extremely well known; famous or renowned legible [lédʒәb-әl] a. ;, : PLAIN 1. possible to read or decipher 2. plainly discernible; apparent legible : decipher :: legion [lí dʒ-әn] n. : a large number; a multitude legion lack in number lenient [lí niәnt, -njәnt] a. : inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous, or indulgent martinet : leniency :: dabbler : dedication draconian lenient lethal [lí ɵ-әl] a. : DEVASTATING 1. capable of causing death 2. of, relating to, or causing death 3. extremely harmful; devastating disagreeable : hateful :: harmful : lethal (A << B) lethargy [léɵә rdʒi] n., ; 1. a state of sluggishness, inactivity, and apathy 2. a state of unconsciousness resembling deep sleep antidote : poison :: tonic : lethargy lethargic : stimulate :: skeptical : convince (OPPOSITE) lethargy : energy :: (LACK) lethargy vigor, animation lethargic animated, energetic levee [lévi] n. levee : river :: cordon : crowd (A = B를 둘러 쌈) cordon, a line of people, military posts, or ships stationed around an area to enclose or guard it rampart : invasion :: levee : flood (A protect B) rampart ; padding : damage :: levee : flooding levelheaded [lév -әlhédid] a. : SENSIBLE : characteristically self-composed and sensible levelheaded foolish leverage [lév-әridʒ, lí v-] n. ; 1. a. the action of a lever b. the mechanical advantage or a lever 2. positional advantage; power to act effectively publicity : attention :: leverage : advantage (EQUAL) leverage impuissance, lack of ability impuissance lack of power or effectiveness; weakness levity [lévәti], 1. lightness of manner or speech, especially when inappropriate; frivolity 2. inconstancy; changeableness 3. the state or quality of being light; buoyancy sullen : levity :: sullen ; ;, levity gravity, seriousness levy [lévi] v. (collect), (impose); (enroll);, 1. to impose or collect (a tax, for example) 2. to draft into military service 3. to declare and wage (a war) levy rescind lexicographer [lèksәkɑǵrәfә r / -kɔǵ-] n. cartographer : map :: lexicographer : dictionary :: weaver : cloth liability [làiәbílәti] n., exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty exempt (, ) asset liability liability immunity liaison [lí әzɑǹ, li éizɑn / li éizɔ ŋ] n., ; 1. a. an instance or a means of communication between different groups or units of an organization, especially in the armed forces b. one that maintains communication 2. a. a close relationship, connection, or link b. an adulterous relationship; an affair liberal [líb-әrәl] a., ; : OPENHANDED nefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberality nefarious,, infamous by way of being extremely wicked parsimonious : liberal :: obtuse : keen (OPPOSITE) liberal parsimonious, meager, enfettered meager, ; ;, liberalist enfetterist liberate [líbәrèit] v. : FREE : to set free, as from oppression, confinement, or foreign control liberate shackle libertine [líbә rtì n] n., ; 1. one who acts without moral restraint; a dissolute person 2. one who defies established religious precepts; a freethinker caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious cavil to find fault unnecessarily; raise trivial objections licentious <laise nʃәs>, libertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequious :: buffoon : ludicrous :: wag : humorous dissolute, lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual pleasures or vices buffoon <bәfú:n> ; wag (, ) ;,

emotion : effusive :: liberty : licentious emotion : effusive :: manner : grandiose (DEFECTIVE) effusive, ;, grandiose <græ ndiòus> ;, libertine ascetic liberty [líbә rti] n. management unfettered liberty management, ;, libretto [librétou] n. libretto : opera :: lyrics : song licentious [laisénʃәs] a., 1. lacking moral discipline or ignoring legal restraint, especially in sexual conduct 2. having no regard for accepted rules or standards caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious voluble : speech :: licentious : dissoluteness dissolute, lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual pleasures or vices licentiousness moral restraint, restraint person clay : porcelain :: flax : linen flannel : cloth :: linen : fabric flannel [, ] linger [líŋgәriŋ], ; 1. to be slow in leaving, especially out of reluctance; tarry 2. to remain feebly alive for some time before dying 3. to persist 4. to proceed slowly; saunter 5. to be tardy in acting; procrastinate lingering fleeting linoleum [linóuliәm] n. varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum lint [lint] n. ; lint : bleeding :: brake : motion lint : covering :: tarpaulin : garment tarpaulin ; lionize [l'ai n`aiz] v. : to look on or treat (a person) as a celebrity lionize denigrate, subjugate lien [li n, li әn] n. : the right to take and hold or sell the property of a debtor as security or payment for a debt or duty lien : claim :: subpoena : command subpoena <sәbpí:nә> liken [láikәn] vt. : COMPARE : to see, mention, or show as similar; compare liken : similarity :: discriminate : difference liken contrast, controvert limber [límbәr] a. : FLEXIBLE, PLIABLE 1. bending or flexing readily; pliable 2. capable of moving, bending, or contorting easily; supple limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty spindly slender and elongated, especially in a way that suggests weakness limerick [límәrik] n. 5 farce : performance :: limerick : poem farce ( ) limerick : poem :: lampoon : satire (A B) lampoon ( ) limousine [límәzì n, - -- ] n. mansion : residence :: limousine : automobile limp [limp] a., SPIRITLESS 1. to walk lamely, especially with irregularity, as if favoring one leg 2. to move or proceed haltingly or unsteadily limp : walk :: stutter : talk stutter, limp firm limpid [límpid] a.,, : PELLUCID 1. characterized by transparent clearness; pellucid 2. easily intelligible; clear 3. calm and untroubled; serene clear, pellucid, limpid murky, unclear, nebulous, turbid nebulous, ;, murky, ; linen [línin] n., ; ( ) : thread or cloth spun from flax lissome [lísәm] a., ;, 1. easily bent; supple 2. having the ability to move with ease; limber lissome : lithe :: (EQUAL) lithe <laið>, lissome ungainly, solid ungainly,, ; list [list] n. : an inclination to one side, as of a ship; a tilt list upright lithe [laið] a., 1. readily bent; supple 2. marked by effortless grace lithe awkward, inelastic livid [lívid] a. ; ; 1. discolored, as from a bruise; black-and-blue 2. ashen or pallid 3. extremely angry; furious livid : angry :: despondent : discouraged (A >> B) loath [louɵ] a., : unwilling or reluctant; disinclined loath amusing, amusive, amusable, eager loathe [louɵ] : to dislike (someone or something) greatly; abhor castigation : reproof :: loathing : dislike (A >> B) castigate ; to inflict severe punishment on; to criticize severely dislike : loathing :: pleasure : bliss loathe amuse loathsome [lóuðsәm] a., (nauseating) : arousing loathing; abhorrent loathsome delectable delectable, lode [loud] n. ; : a rich source or supply shaft : lode :: well : aquifer (A는 B로 뚫고 들어간다) shaft, ; ;, ; [ ] aquifer <æ kwәfә> [ ]

lofty [lɔ fti / lɔ fti] a. ;, ;, SUPERIOR 1. of imposing height 2. elevated in character; exalted 3. affecting grandness; pompous 4. arrogant; haughty lofty mean, casting down, ignominious, ignoble, sordid ignominious <ìgnәmíniәs> ; sordid (dirty, squalid);, loutish [láutiʃ] a. ; : having the characteristics of a lout; awkward, stupid, and boorish lout, a person regarded as awkward and stupid; an oaf loutish : grace :: coltish : discipline coltish ; genteel loutish genteel,, loll [lɑl / lɔl] v., / 1. to move, stand, or recline in an indolent or relaxed manner 2. to hang or droop laxly loll move vigorously longevity [l nd3'ev ti] n. ; ;, (seniority) 1. a. long life; great duration of life b. length or duration of life 2. long duration or continuance, as in an occupation longevity brief duration longing [lɔ ( )ŋiŋ, lɑ ŋ-] n. : a strong persistent yearning or desire, especially one that cannot be fulfilled longing : pine :: remorse : rue (EQUAL, 명 : 동) rue, to feel regret, remorse, or sorrow for loyal [lɔíәl] a. ; ;, exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty (OPPOSITE) perfidious, treacherous snub : disdain :: double cross : disloyalty snub, ; ; lubricate [lú brikèit] v. ; 1. to apply a lubricant to 2. to make slippery or smooth oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect lubricate : abrasion :: seal : leakage (A prevent B) lucid [lú sid] a., ; 1. easily understood; intelligible 2. mentally sound; sane or rational 3. translucent or transparent lucid : perceive :: transparent : understand :: prominent : notice lucid murky, vague, obfuscated lopsided [lɑṕsáidid / lɔṕ-] a. ; lucubrate 1. heavier, larger, or higher on one side than on the other 2. sagging or leaning to one side lopsided evenhanded loquacious [loukwéiʃәs] a. : very talkative; garrulous loquacious : word :: profligate : money profligate, ; loquacious : talkative :: rash : adventurous :: reckless : adventurous :: cloying : sweet (A >> B) cloy loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly (OPPOSITE) garrulous, loquacious : words :: prodigal, profligate : money flattery : praise :: loquacious : talkativeness (A >> B) loquacious : complain :: obsequious : respect (loquacious에는 complain의 뜻이 없음) ( ) loquacious taciturn, laconic, reticent reticent, ;, loquacity disinclination to speak, reluctance to speak lottery [lɑ tәri / lɔ t-] 1. (game) a contest in which tokens are distributed or sold, the winning token or tokens being secretly predetermined or ultimately selected in a random drawing 2. a selection made by lot from a number of applicants or competitors 3. an activity or event regarded as having an outcome depending on fate lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission (EQUAL :??) ( ) raffle a lottery in which a number of persons buy chances to win a prize lounge, 1. to move or act in a lazy, relaxed way; loll 2. to pass time idly lour [lauәr] v., : to look sullen : FROWN v., : to write in a scholarly fashion; produce scholarship lucubration [lú kjubréiʃәn] n. : laborious study or meditation lucubration cursory consideration cursory,, performed with haste and scant attention to detail lug [lʌg] v. ( ) 1. to drag or haul (an object) laboriously 2. to pull or drag with short jerks 3. to cause (an engine, for example) to run poorly or hesitate haul, lug : carry :: trudge : walk trudge to walk in a laborious, heavy-footed way; plod lugubrious [lu gjú briәs] a. ( ) : mournful, dismal, or gloomy, especially to an exaggerated degree lugubrious cheerful, jovial, facetious facetious, ;, lugubriousness cheerfulness lukewarm a., ;,, 1. mildly warm; tepid 2. lacking conviction or enthusiasm; indifferent lull [lʌl] v.,, : SOOTHE 1. to cause to sleep or rest; soothe or calm 2. to deceive into trustfulness lull hectic period, fastest period hectic, characterized by intense activity, confusion, or haste lull intense discussion lull revive, startle, gall, galvanize, increase activity, vehemence, vigilance lullaby [l' l b`ai] n. ; lullaby : song :: diatribe : discourse

lumber [lʌḿbәr] v. ; ( ) 1. to walk or move wit heavy clumsiness 2. to move with a rumbling noise lumber : grace :: waver : resolution (LACK) lumber glide lyric lumen n. [ ] lumen : light :: decibel : sound :: volt : electricity :: watt : power luminary [lú mәnèri/-nәri] n. ;, ; 1. an object, such as a celestial body, that gives light 2. a person who is an inspiration to others 3. a person who has achieved eminence in a specific field master, maven : experience :: luminary : eminence maven 3. of a sumptuous, costly or rich variety sumptuous, ;, luxurious simple a. ; pleasurable : paradisiacal :: melodious : lyrical (A << B) lyrical a. expressing deep personal emotion or observations b. highly enthusiastic paradisiacal <pæ rәdisáiәkәl> ballad : song :: lyric : poem :: comedian : actor lung [lʌŋ] n. lung : respire :: tooth : masticate masticate (chew) lurch [lә rtʃ] v. : to stagger; to roll or pitch suddenly or erratically lurch progress smoothly lurk [lә rk] v. ; ; : SKULK, SNEAK, SLINK 1. to lie in wait, as in ambush 2. to move furtively; sneak 3. to exist unobserved or unsuspected lurk : wait :: abscond : depart :: hoard : save purloin : appropriate purloin <pә:rlɔ in> to steal, often in a violation of trust lurk : concealment :: espouse : marriage :: purloin : appropriation espouse ; / lush [lʌʃ] a., 1. a. having or characterized by luxuriant vegetation b. abundant; plentiful c. extremely productive; thriving 2. a. luxurious; opulent b. extremely pleasing to the senses c. voluptuous or sensual 3. overelaborate or extravagant lush withered, sere sere, lustrous [l' st s] a. ;, ; 1. having a sheen or glow 2. gleaming with or as if with brilliant light; radiant numb : insensible :: burnish : lustrous lustrous : polish :: pure : refine M macabre [mәkɑ br-ә] a., 1. suggesting the horror of death and decay; gruesome 2. constituting or including a representation of death macabre : shudder :: hilarious : laugh shudder, macerate [mǽsәrèit] v. ( ) : to make soft by soaking or steeping in a liquid macerate harden by drying maculate a., : to spot, blemish, or pollute maculated unspotted maelstrom [méilstrәm] n. ; 1. a violent or turbulent situation 2. a whirlpool of extraordinary size or violence maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory magnanimity [mæ gnәnímәti] n. magnanimity grudge grudge, a deep-seated feeling of resentment or rancor magnanimous a. ; 1. courageously noble in mind and heart, 2. generous in forgiving; eschewing resentment or revenge; unselfish magnificent [mægn'if s nt] 1. splendid in appearance; grand 2. grand or noble in thought or deed; exalted 3. outstanding of its kind; superlative magnificent base a.,,, luxuriant [lʌgʒúәriәnt, lʌkʃúәr-] a., ; ; maladroit [mæ lәdrɔít] a. : INEPT, : marked by a lack of adroitness; inept 1. a. characterized by rich or profuse growth b. producing or yielding in abundance 2. excessively florid or elaborate 3. marked by or displaying luxury; luxurious ascetic : luxury :: teetotaler : alcohol teetotaler one who abstains completely from alcoholic beverages luxuriant Spartan maladroit : deft :: expedite : foot-dragging (OPPOSITE) expedite, to speed up the progress of; facilitate deft quick and skillful; adroit maladroit : skill :: glib : profundity maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse voluble marked by a ready flow of speech; fluent complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit (OPPOSITE) deft, dextrous, skillful maladroit luxurious [l g3'u: r s] a.,, (splendid); ; (opulent); (florid), 1. fond of or given to luxury 2. marked by or contributing to luxury malaise [mæléiz, mә-] n. ;, 1. a vague feeling of bodily discomfort, as at the beginning of an illness 2. a general sense of depression or unease

malaise cheerful feeling malcontent [mæ lkәntént] a. / : DISCONTENTED dissatisfied with existing conditions dilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complain dilatory, intended to delay procrastinate to put off doing something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness daredevil :? :: malcontent : dissatisfaction daredevil, recklessly bold sycophant : fawn :: malcontent : complain malicious [mәlíʃәs] a. : having the nature of or resulting from malice; deliberately harmful; spiteful malicious : ill will :: exaggerating : hyperbole :: diligent : effort expansive malicious expansive ; ;, malfunction [mælfʌ ŋkʃ-әn] n. : failure to function; faulty or abnormal functioning fail-safe : malfunction :: fail-safe ( ) 2. of, having the nature of, or containing a mandate mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain discretionary mandatory discretionary left to or regulated by one's own discretion or judgment maneuver vi. (, ) ; /, 1. to carry out a military or naval maneuver 2. to make a controlled series of changes in movement or direction toward an objective 3. to shift ground; change tactics 4. to use stratagems in gaining an end maneuverable [mәnú v-әrәb-әl] a. ; maneuverable intractable mangle [mǽŋg-әl] v., 1. to mutilate or disfigure by battering, hacking, cutting, or tearing 2. to ruin or spoil through ineptitude or ignorance mutilate vt., mangle praise extravagantly malign [mәláin] v., : to make evil, harmful, and often untrue statements about malign : ill will :: diligent : effort extol, laud malign malinger [mәlíŋgә r] v. : to feign illness or other incapacity so as to avoid duty or work malinger : ail :: flatter : appreciate (DEFECTIVE) ail, to feel ill or have pain parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk skimp ; shirk (, ) to avoid or neglect (a duty or responsibility) hoard : miser :: malinger : shirker malinger : work :: shirk : duty malinger : duty :: camouflage, dissemble : detection :: recluse : humanity malleable [mǽliәb-әl] a. ( ) ; 1. capable of being shaped or formed, as by hammering or pressure 2. easily controlled or influenced; tractable 3. able to adjust to changing circumstances; adaptable friable : crumble :: malleable : alter friable readily crumbled; brittle knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable knead, malleable : shape :: irresolute : opinion malleable hard to shape malodorous [mælóudәrәs] a. : having a bad odor; foul malodorous : smell :: cacophonous : sound :: jarring : sound cacophony : sound :: malodor : scent mangy [méindʒi] a. ;, 1. affected with, caused by, or resembling mange 2. having many worn spots; shabby 3. rundown and filthy; squalid 4. mean; contemptible mangy sleek, decorous sleek, ; ; manic [mǽnik, méi-] a. : affected with, relating to, or resembling mania hidebound : conservative :: manic : interested, excited (A >> B) hidebound, stubbornly prejudiced, narrowminded, or inflexible peeved : annoyed peeve, to cause to be annoyed or resentful enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia (A << B) paranoia, mania : enthusiasm :: doting : fondness manifest [mǽnәfèst] n. 1. a list of passengers or an invoice of cargo for a vehicle (as a ship or plane) 2. an invoice of goods carried on a truck or train 3. a list of railroad cars according to owner and location repertoire : performance :: agenda : meeting :: manifest : cargo :: inventory : merchandise manifest [mǽnәfèst] a., : clearly apparent to the sight or understanding; obvious manifest : perceive :: brittle : break :: transparent : understand audible : stentorian :: discernible : manifest palatable : savory palatable (savory); (pleasing) manifest latent, occult, inapparent manacle [mǽnәkl] n. : fetter : a shackle for the hand or wrist : HANDCUFF management [mǽnidʒmәnt] n., management ineffectiveness, unfettered liberty manageable intractable, incorrigible mandatory [mǽndәtɔ ri / -t-әri] a. : OBLIGATORY 1. required or commanded by authority; obligatory manipulate [mәnípjәlèit] v., 1. to operate or control by skilled use of the hands; handle 2. to influence or manage shrewdly or deviously 3. to tamper with or falsify for personal gain dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict prescience,, (foresight) manipulative guileless mannered [m'æn :rd] 1. having manners of a specific kind

2. a. having or showing a certain manner b. artificial or affected 3. of, relating to, or exhibiting mannerisms mannered natural mansion [mǽnʃ-әn] n., mansion : residence :: limousine : automobile manumit [mæǹjәmít] v. : to free from slavery or bondage; emancipate emancipate to free from bondage, oppression, or restraint; liberate manumit enslave, detain detain ; to keep from proceeding; delay or retard manuscript [mǽnjәskrìpt] n. / / ;, ; archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon arsenal <á:rsәnәl>, mar [mɑ r]. v. 1. to inflict damage, especially disfiguring damage, on 2. to impair the soundness, perfection, or integrity of; spoil burnish : dull :: mar : flawless burnish, ; mar enhance march [m :rt ] 1. a. to walk steadily and rhythmically forward in step with others b. to begin to move in such a manner 2. a. to proceed directly and purposefully b. to progress steadily onward; advance 3. to be arranged in an orderly fashion that suggests steady, rhythmical progression 4. to participate in an organized walk, as for a public cause march boggle boggle 깜짝 놀라다, 놀라 펄쩍 뛰다; 얼렁뚱땅 하다; 실수하다 marginal [mɑ rdʒәn-әl] a. ;, ; 1. of, relating to, located at, or constituting a margin, a border, or an edge 2. being adjacent geographically 3. written or printed in the margin of a book 4. barely within a lower standard or limit of quality marginal pivotal marsh [m :r ] n., an area of soft, wet, low-lying land, characterized by grassy vegetation and often forming a transition zone between water and land marsh : sodden :: desert : arid sodden thoroughly soaked; saturated arid ;, marshy arid marshal [mɑ rʃ-әl] v., n. : to place in proper rank or position : a high official in the household of a medieval king, prince, or noble originally having charge of the cavalry but later usually in command of the military forces marshal <> jumble marshy [mɑ rʃi] a. ; ; marshy arid marsupial [mɑ rsú piәl / -sjú -] n. kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent rodent martial a., ; 1. of, relating to, or suggestive of war 2. relating to or connected with the armed forces or the profession of arms 3. characteristic of or befitting a warrior martial : military :: runic : mysterious runic ; rune ;, martinet [mɑ rt-әnét, - -- ] n. 1. a rigid military disciplinarian 2. one who demands absolute adherence to forms and rules martinet : discipline :: pedant : learning gourmet : food pedant, stickler : exacting :: martinet : discipline martinet : leniency :: dabbler : dedication leniency,, lenient inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous, or indulgent indulgent,, = lenient martinet indulgent person, individual( ) marvel [mɑ rv-әl] n., 1. one that evokes surprise, admiration, or wonder 2. strong surprise; astonishment marvel mean pedestrian marvelous masquerade [mæ skәréid] v., ; 1. a costume party at which masks are won; a masked ball b. a costume for such a party or ball 2. a. a disguise or false outward show; a pretense b. an involved scheme; a charade charade <ʃәre id> ; ( ) dissemble : information :: masquerade : feeling dissemble, massive [mǽsiv] a., ; 1. consisting of or making up a large mass; bulky, heavy, and solid 2. large or imposing, as in quantity, scope, degree, intensity, or scale 3. large in comparison with the usual amount massive slight master [mǽstә r,mɑ stә r] n. master : experience :: luminary : eminence luminary ;, eminence, a position of great distinction or superiority masterful [m'æst :rf l, m' :s-] a., ;, 1. given to playing the master; imperious or domineering 2. fit to command 3. revealing mastery or skill; expert masterful inept inept, ; masticate [mǽstәkèit] v., 1. to chew (food) 2. to grind and knead (rubber, for example) into a pulp lung : respire :: tooth : masticate eye : envision, ear : resonate envision, to picture in the mind; imagine resonate,

matchless [mǽtʃlis] a. : PEERLESS : having no match or equal; unsurpassed matchless equal matriculate [mәtríkjәlèit]/[mәtríkjәlit] v. : to admit or be admitted into a group, especially a college or university inauguration : official :: matriculation : student inauguration ( ); ; inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation (OPPOSITE) inception,, the beginning of something, such as an undertaking; a commencement commencement matriculation commencement,, ; mattress [mǽtris] n. tablecloth : table :: sheet : mattress maudlin [mɔ dlin] a., : effusively or tearfully sentimental maudlin : sentimental :: obsequious: deferential (A >> B) maudlin : sentiment :: pedantic : scholarship maudlin unsentimental, jovial b. low in value or amount; paltry 5. common or poor in appearance; shabby 6. low in social status; of humble origins 7. humiliated or ashamed 8. in poor physical condition; sick or debilitated 9. extremely unpleasant or disagreeable mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance meek, ; noble, lavish mean meander [miǽndә r] v., 1. to follow a winding and turning course 2. to move aimlessly and idly without fixed direction waft : plummet :: meander : dash (OPPOSITE) waft, meander move purposively measly [mí zli] a. : contemptibly small measly : contemptibly :: puny : weakly puny,, of inferior size, strength, or significance; weak measly grand maven [méivәn] n. : a person who has special knowledge or experience; an expert maven : experience :: luminary : eminence (HAVE) augur : prediction (DO) maverick [mǽv-әrik] n. ;, 1. one that refuses to abide by the dictates of or resists adherence to a group; a dissenter dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group dissent to differ in opinion or feeling; to withhold assent or approval maverick : conformity :: extrovert : reserve maverick follower, conform to tradition mawkish [mɔ kiʃ] a. ; excessively and objectionably sentimental; sickening or insipid in taste mawkish : sentiment :: pedantic : scholarship mawkish : sentimental :: stodgy : conservative (A >> B ::??) (stodgy 에 보수성의 의미 없음) ( ) stodgy, ; ( ), ; mawkish : sentimental :: gullible : trustable (A >> B) peeved : annoyed (EQUAL) peeve to cause to be annoyed or resentful mawkish unsentimental measured [méʒә rd] a., ; ;, : DELIBERATE 1. determined by measurement 2. careful; restrained 3. calculated; deliberate 4. regular in rhythm and number 5. slow and stately 6. written in meter( ) measure : dimension :: analyze : nature measured reckless, inappropriate measurable unfathomable mechanical [m k'ænik l] 1. of or relating to machines or tools 2. operated or produced by a mechanism or machine 3. of, relating to, or governed by mechanics 4. performed or performing in an impersonal or machinelike manner; automatic 5. relating to, produced by, or dominated by physical forces mechanical emotional meddle v., ;, 1. to intrude into other people's affairs or business; interfere 2. to handle something idly or ignorantly; tamper officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel (EQUAL) officious, meadow [médou] n. / : land in or predominantly in grass; especially : a tract of moist low-lying usually level grassland meadow : grass :: forest : tree???????? meager [mí gә r] a., 1. deficient in quantity, fullness, or extent; scanty 2. deficient in richness, fertility, or vigor; feeble 3. having little flesh; lean amplitude meagerness liberal meager mean [mi n] a., 1. a. selfish in a petty way; unkind b. cruel, spiteful, or malicious 2. ignoble; base 3. miserly; stingy 4. a. low in quality or grade; inferior meddlesome [médlsәm] a. : inclined to meddle or interfere attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous (A << B) attentive : meddlesome :: laconic : curt curt, ;, meddlesome : pry :: contentious : argue pry ( ) ; contentious / quarrelsome; controversial media [mí diә] n. plantation : tobacco :: media : bacteria plantation, ; mediate [mí dièit] v. 1. to resolve or settle (differences) by working with all the conflicting parties 2. to bring about (a settlement, for example) by working with all the conflicting parties

3. to effect or convey as an intermediate agent or mechanism intercessor : mediate :: translator : interpret :: augur : predict mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction prosecute, ;, mediocre [mì dióukә r] a. : ORDINARY : of moderate or low quality, value, ability, or performance virtuoso : mediocre :: imposter : unfeigned virtuosity mediocrity meditate [médәtèit] v. ;, 1. to reflect on; contemplate 2. to plan in the mind; intend medley [médli] n. montage : images :: medley : songs meek [mi:k] a., ; (spiritless) 1. showing patience and humility; gentle 2. easily imposed on; submissive meek unyielding meet [mi t] a. : fitting; proper meet unfit, unsuitable, inappropriate meld [meld] v., : to cause to merge meld divide, separate pore : membrane :: door : wall cell : membrane :: seed : hull :: eyelid : eye memoir [mémwɑ r, -wɔ r] n., : An account of the personal experiences of an author. memoir <> narrative menace [ménәs] v. / 1. to utter threats against 2. to constitute a threat to; endanger odious : disgust :: menacing : fear :: blatant : arrest odious : repugnance :: menacing : fear odious, arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure mend [mend] v., 1. to make repairs or restoration to; fix 2. to reform or correct rend mend rend, ; mendacious [mend'ei s] a. ; 1. lying; untruthful 2. false; untrue ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth mendacious honest, veracious veracious, 1. honest; truthful 2. accurate; precise mendacity [mendǽsәti ] n., meliorism [mí ljәrìzәm, -liә-] n. 1. the condition of being mendacious; untruthfulness the belief that society has an innate tendency toward improvement and that this tendency may be furthered through conscious human effort 2. a lie; a falsehood mendacity honesty, truthfulness, candor, veracity veracity, ; meliorism : progress :: egalitarian : equity egalitarian menial [mí niәl, -njәl] adj. / : of or relating to servants : LOWLY mellifluous [mәlífluәs] a. : appropriate to a servant : HUMBLE, SERVILE 1. flowing with sweetness or honey : lacking interest or dignity *a menial task* 2. smooth and sweet mellifluous : music :: ambrosial : food mentor [méntәr, -tɔ r] n. a wise and mellifluous : sound :: savory : taste savory, ; mellifluous raspy, cacophonous raspy, ; rough; grating trusted counselor or teacher mentor : guidance :: oracle : prophecy :: prevaricator : deceive oracle, ;, mentor : guide :: charlatan : deceive charlatan <ʃá:rlәtәn>,, melodious [mәlóudiәs] a. 1. of, relating to, or containing a pleasing succession of sounds; tuneful mercenary [mә rsәnèri] a., ; ( ) 2. agreeable to hear melodious jarring jar n., v. ;, 1. motivated solely by a desire for monetary or material gain 2. hired for service in a foreign army mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge vindictive, mercenary : soldier :: hack : writer melody [mélәdi] n. : TUNEFULNESS hack, ( ) 1. a pleasing succession or arrangement of sounds 2. musical quality melody : song :: mercurial [mә rkjúәriәl] a., ;, ;, pleasurable : paradise :: melodious : lyric cacophony : melody :: genteel : churl genteel ;, churl ;, ( ) melodious jarring mercurial : mood :: whimsical : behavior :: fickle : affection fickle, profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed committed ( ) profligate,, solvent, ; ( ), ( ) melodrama [m'el dr` :m ] n., scurrilous : propriety :: mercurial : constancy (LACK) melodrama : subtlety :: chimera : authenticity (LACK) scurrilous, mercurial constant membrane [mémbrein] n.

merited [méritid] a., : deserved, be worthy of or entitled or liable to condign undeserved, unmerited condign deserved; adequate unsuitable, gratuitous merited gratuitous, ; / mesh [meʃ] v. ; ; 1. to catch in or as if in a net; ensnare 2. to cause to become engaged 3. to cause to work closely together; coordinate disengage mesh mesmerism [mézmәrìzәm, més-] n. : HYPNOTISM 1. a strong or spellbinding appeal; fascination 2. hypnotic induction believed to involve animal magnetism 3. hypnotism hypnotism <hípnәtìzәm>, zeal : dedication :: mesmerism : interest (A >> B) exhaustive : careful :: mesmerized : interesting (A >> B) mesmerize v. ; 1. to spellbind; enthrall 2. to hypnotize exhaustive : careful :: mesmerized : interesting (A >> B) exhaustive, ; / methodical slipshod, haphazard haphazard, dependent upon or characterized by mere chance slipshod (, ),, meticulous [mәtíkjәlәs] a. 1. extremely careful and precise 2. extremely or excessively concerned with details firmness : obdurate :: carefulness : meticulous (A << B) obdurate, interested : agog :: careful : meticulous (A << B) agog, (... ) fluent : glib :: humorous : wry glib, ; wry <rai> dryly humorous, often with a touch of irony meticulous : finicky finicky, fastidious, meticulous careless metrical [métrikәl] a., ; 1. of, relating to, or composed in poetic meter 2. of or relating to measurement scan : metrical :: parse : grammatical scan ; to analyze (verse) into metrical patterns messy [mési] a., 1. disorderly and dirty 2. exhibiting or demonstrating carelessness 3. unpleasantly difficult to settle or resolve metamorphose [mètәmɔ rfouz, -fous] v. : to change into a wholly different form or appearance; transform metamorphose remain unaltered metamorphosis continuation without change metaphor [métәfɔ r, -fәr] n. ; 1. a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison 2. one thing conceived as representing another; a symbol metaphor : literal :: melody : spoken (A = B + alpha) insect : butterfly :: philosophy : metaphysics (A B) metaphysics equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: obfuscation : clarity obfuscate, euphemism : offense :: ambiguity : comprehension metaphor : description meteoric [mì tiɔ ( )rik, -ɑŕ-] a. ; 1. of, relating to, or formed by a meteoroid 2. of or relating to the earth's atmosphere 3. similar to a meteor in speed, brilliance, or brevity fleeting : pass :: meteoric : rise ( ) fleeting, passing quickly; ephemeral meteoric : constancy :: archaic : currency (OPPOSITE) meteoric plodding, gradual, perpetual plod ; methodical [mәɵɑ dikәl/miɵɔ d-] a., 1. arranged or proceeding in regular, systematic order 2. characterized by ordered and systematic habits or behavior mettle [métl] n., ;, 1. courage and fortitude; spirit 2. inherent quality of character and temperament insight : discern :: mettle : endure (if someone has A, then B) mettle craven craven, characterized by abject fear; cowardly microscopic 1. a. too small to be seen by the unaided eye but large enough to be studied under a microscope b. of, relating to, or concerned with a microscope 2. exceedingly small; minute 3. characterized by or done with extreme attention to detail microscopic elephantine miff [mif] n. ; 1. a petulant, bad-tempered mood; a huff 2. a petty quarrel or argument; a tiff petulant, ; huff, a fit of anger or annoyance; a pique tiff a fit of irritation; a petty quarrel miff : quarrel :: foible : flaw (A << B) miff appease, please migratory [máigrәtɔ ri / -tәri] a. 1. characterized by migration; undergoing periodic migration 2. of or relating to a migration 3. roving; nomadic nomadic, ( ) migratory rooted, sedentary mill [mil] n. refinery : petroleum :: mill : grain meteorology [mì tiәrɑĺәdʒi / -rɔĺ-] n. petroleum <pәtróuliәm> demography : population :: meteorology : weather :: pathology : disease milk [milk] v. ;, 1. to press out, drain off, or remove by or as if by milking, 2. (informal) a. to draw out or extract something from, as if by milking b. to obtain money or benefits from, in order to achieve personal gain; exploit

milk : extract :: exploit : utilize (A >> B) mint [mint] n. ; exploit ( ) ; / ; / mime [maim] v. 1. to ridicule by imitation; mimic 2. to act out with gestures and body movement parody : style :: mime : gesture charade : word :: mime : story charade ( ) mimicry [mímikri] n., ; ( ) minuscule [mínʌskjù l] a., ; 1. a. the act, practice, or art of mimicking b. an instance of mimicking 2. (biology) the resemblance of one organism to another or to an object in its surroundings for concealment and protection from predators mimicry : camouflage :: mutation : variation mutation, ;, ; 1. a place where the coins of a country are manufactured by authority of the government 2. a place or source of manufacture or invention 3. an abundant amount, especially of money strike : medal :: mint : coin strike 1 a quantity of coins or medals struck at the same time mint modicum 1. very small; tiny 2. of, relating to, or written in miniscule small : minuscule :: moist : saturated (A << B) minuscule : letter :: minnow : fish minnow ( ) minuscule lengthy document minaret [mìnәrét] n. spire : church :: minaret : mosque spire ; ; mosque minatory [mínәtɔ ri / -tәri] a. : of a menacing or threatening nature; minacious minatory reassuring, non-threatening reassure, ; mince [mins] v., ;, 1. to walk with very short steps or with exaggerated primness 2. to speak in an affected way sip : drink :: mince : walk quaff : sip :: stride : mince mind 1. to bring (an object or idea) to mind; remember 2. to become aware of; notice 3. to heed in order to obey 4. to attend to 5. to be careful about 6. a. to care about; be concerned about b. to object to; dislike 7. to take care or charge of; look after mind like mindful a.,, (attentive) : attentive; heedful mindful unaware, oblivious mingle [míŋgәl] v., : INTERMIX 1. to mix or bring together in combination, usually without loss of individual characteristics 2. to mix so that the components become united; merge mingle separate sequester permit to mingle sequester ;, minion [mínjәn] n., ; 1. an obsequious follower or dependent; a sycophant 2. a subordinate official 3. one who is highly esteemed or favored; a darling underling one of lesser rank or authority than another; a subordinate minion : dependent :: groveler : petitioner (A = B하는 사람) grovel, ;, minute [mainjú t, mi-] a., 1. exceptionally small; tiny 2. beneath notice; insignificant 3. characterized by careful scrutiny and close examination minute gargantuan gargantuan <ga:rgæ ntjuәn> of immense size, volume, or capacity; gigantic minutia [minjú ʃiә, mai-] n. : a small or trivial detail minutia : details :: quibbles : objections minutia essential point, crucial aspect, highlight, major concern, lengthy account, lengthy document, main concern, vital feature miracle [mírәkәl] n. prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence prodigy, ;, ordinary miraculous mirage [mirɑ ʒ] n.,, 1. an optical phenomenon that creates the illusion of water, often with inverted reflections of distant objects, and results from distortion of light by alternate layers of hot and cool air 2. something illusory or insubstantial maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory maelstrom ;, a violent or turbulent situation mire [maiәr] v. ; 1. a. to cause to sink or become stuck in or as if in mire b. to hinder entrap, or entangle as if in mire 2. to soil with mud or mire mire extricate extricate, to release from an entanglement or difficulty; disengage mirth [mә rɵ] n. : gladness or gaiety, especially when expressed by laughter mirth : laughter :: approval : applause misanthropy [misǽnɵrәpi] n. : hatred or mistrust of humankind misanthrope : humane :: ascetic : voluptuary humane, ; voluptuary a person whose life is given over to luxury and sensual pleasures; a sensualist misanthrope : people :: xenophobe : strangers xenophobe ( )

beneficent : misanthropist ::? : daredevil daredevil ( ) recklessly bold misbehave [mìsbihéiv] vt. : to behave badly disapproval : castigation :: misbehavior : crime (A << B) castigate, ; lapse : error :: misbehavior : criminality (A << B) lapse ( ), ; ( ), reprobate : misbehave :: sycophant : fawn reprobate, a morally unprincipled person mischievous [místʃivәs] a. ;, 1. causing mischief 2. playful in a naughty or teasing way 3. troublesome; irritating 4. causing harm, injury, or damage insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp imp ;, tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous (EQUAL) tightfisted close-fisted; stingy brat a child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy rapscallion, misconstrue v., / : to mistake the meaning of; misinterpret misjudge : assess :: misconstrue : interpret miscreant [mískriәnt] n. a., ; : one who behaves criminally or viciously miscreant : criminal :: visionary : delusion miscreant law-abiding individual, saint misdemeanor [mìsdimí nәr] n., 1. a misdeed 2. (law) an offense less serious than a felony crime : misdemeanor :: commitment : decision (A >> B) commitment, ;, misdemeanor : crime :: lapse : error (A << B) miser [máizәr] n. 1. one who lives very meagerly in order to hoard money 2. a greedy or avaricious person miser : munificent :: zealot : blase munificent, blase <bla:ze i> ; miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine parsimony : miser :: rebelliousness : insurgent insurgent miser : stingy :: sage : judicious sage ;, one venerated for experience, judgment, and wisdom miser : thrift :: chauvinist : patriotism (A >> B) thrift, spendthrift miser spendthrift one who spends money recklessly or wastefully miserly [máizәrli] a., : of, relating to, or characteristic of a miser; avaricious frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant (A << B) misfortune [misfɔ rtʃәn] n. 1. a. bad fortune or ill luck b. the condition resulting from bad fortune or ill luck 2. a distressing occurrence boon misfortune boon,, misgiving [misgíviŋ] n.,, : a feeling of doubt, distrust, or apprehension misgiving certainty compunction absence of misgiving compunction, a strong uneasiness caused by a sense of guilt mishap [míshæp, -- ] n. : bad luck; an unfortunate accident catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment (A >> B) mishap : accident :: peccadillo : offence oxymoron : contradictory :: mishap : catastrophic oxymoron [an open secret ] mislead [mislí d] v. ; 1. to lead in the wrong direction 2. to lead into error of thought or action, especially by intentionally deceiving mislead disabuse disabuse, to free from a falsehood or misconception misnomer [misnóumәr] n., 1. an error in naming a person or place 2. a. application of a wrong name b. a name wrongly or unsuitably applied to a person or an object misread [misrí d] v. ; (misinterpret) 1. to read inaccurately 2. to misinterpret or misunderstand misread interpret correctly misrepresent [mìsreprizént] vt. 1. to give an incorrect or misleading representation of 2. to serve incorrectly or dishonestly as an official representative of tamper : adjust :: misrepresent : communicate tamper, ; to interfere in a harmful manner mite [mait] n., ;, 1. a. a very small contribution or amount of money b. a widow's mite 2. a very small object, creature, or particle 3. a coin of very small value mite : creature :: speck : amount speck,, a small spot, mark, or discoloration; a tiny amount mitigate [mítәgèit] v. : to moderate (a quality or condition) in force or intensity; alleviate mitigate : severe :: qualify : general mitigate exacerbate exacerbate ; mnemonics [ni mɑńiks / -mɔ -] n. : a system to develope or improve the memory hygienics : health :: mnemonics : memory :: regimen : health hygienics ; regimen, ;,, mnemonics : remember :: staff : walk mobility [moubílәti] n. ; 1. the quality or state of being mobile 2. the movement of people, as from one social group, class, or level to another splint : mobility :: ballast : instability :: purchase : slippery (PREVENT) purchase a grip applied manually or mechanically to move something

or prevent it from slipping splint : immobilize :: duct : convey (A is for B) splint : immobilize :: sling : support sling ; mockery [mɑḱәri, mɔ ( )k-] n. 1. scornfully contemptuous ridicule; derision 2. a specific act of ridicule or derision 3. an object of scorn or ridicule 4. a false, derisive, or impudent imitation 5. something ludicrously futile or unsuitable diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery burlesque, ( ) patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery patronize, ; / ; mock : imitate :: taunt : challenge mockery tribute moderate [mɑ -d-әrèit / mɔ d-] a., 1. being within reasonable limits; not excessive or extreme 2. not violent or subject to extremes; mild or calm; temperate 3. a. of medium or average quantity or extent b. of limited or average quality; mediocre 4. opposed to radical or extreme views or measures, especially in politics or religion exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty (OPPOSITE) exorbitant, exceeding all bounds, as of custom or fairness perfidious, treacherous perfidy deliberate breach of faith; calculated violation of trust; treachery moderate : intensify :: extenuate : seriousness moderate severe modicum [mɑ dikәm / mɔ d-] n. : a small, moderate, or token amount inkling : knowledge :: modicum : quantity inkling, ; modicum mint, large amount mint ; ;, an abundant amount, especially of money mogul [móugʌl, -- ] n., : a very rich or powerful person; a magnate magnate, a powerful or influential person, especially in business or industry mogul nonentity nonentity ;, molar [móulәr] n. rib : bone :: molar : tooth molding [móuldi] n., ; 1. the act or process of molding 2. something that is molded 3. an embellishment in strip form, made of wood or other structural material, that is used to decorate or finish a surface, such as the wall of a room or building or the surface of a door or piece of furniture hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt :: molding : cabinet hem ( ), ruffle, ; ;, mollification : soothe :: indemnity : secure indemnity, ; mollify : anger :: heart : dejection (OPPOSITE) mollify rouse, vex, rankle, antagonize, ire, pique, nettle, discomfit, exacerbate, exasperate, bait, disaffect, rankle, chafe, enrage, incite to anger rankle ;, to cause persistent irritation or resentment ire, anger; wrath pique ; to cause to feel resentment or indignation; to provoke or arouse nettle ; to irritate; vex discomfit / ;, ; disaffect,, rankle ; discommode pacificate, ease, mollify discommode / to put to inconvenience; trouble mollification inflammation mollycoddle [mɑĺikɑ dl / mɔĺikɔ dl] vt. : to be overprotective and indulgent toward chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle (A << B) chide, to scold mildly so as to correct or improve; reprimand pillory ; to expose to ridicule and abuse mollycoddle treat harshly molt [moult] n. v. ( ) : ECDYSIS to shed periodically part or all of a coat or an outer covering, such as feathers, cuticle, or skin, which is then replaced by a new growth ecdysis <e kdisis> (, ) molt : feathers :: shed : hair molt : bird :: slough : snake slough <slʌf> ( ) ; fledging molt fledge ( ) ; momentous [mouméntәs] a. : IMPORTANT, CONSEQUENTIAL of utmost importance; of outstanding significance or consequence atrocious : bad :: momentous : important (A >> B) atrocious <әtróuʃәs> ; momentum [mouméntәm] n.,, ;, ; ( ), 1. (physics) a measure of the motion of a body equal to the product of its mass and velocity 2. a. impetus of a physical object in motion b. impetus of a nonphysical process, such as an idea or a course of events 3. (philosophy) an essential or constituent element; a moment oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter ( ) vacillate : swing :: momentum : scutter ( ) scutter, ; mongrel [mʌ ŋgrәl, mɑ ŋ-] n. ; : an individual resulting from the interbreeding of diverse breeds or strains; especially : one of unknown ancestry mongrel purebred mollify [mɑĺәfài / mɔ -] v. : APPEASE 1. to calm in temper or feeling; soothe 2. to lessen in intensity; temper 3. to reduce the rigidity of; soften monochromatic [mɑǹәkroumǽtik / mɔǹ-] a. iridescent monochromatic iridescent chromatic colorless chromatic ;

monocle [mɑńәkәl / mɔń-] n. : an eyeglass for one eye monocle : eye :: monologue n. ; ; 1. a. a dramatic soliloquy b. a literary composition in the form of a soliloquy 2. a continuous series of jokes or comic stories delivered by one comedian 3. a long speech made by one person, often monopolizing a conversation opera : aria :: play : monologue monopolize [mәnɑṕәlàiz / -nɔṕ-] vt. 1. to acquire or maintain a monopoly of 2. to dominate by excluding others monotone [mɑńәtòun / mɔń-] a. : MONOTONIC 1. characterized by or uttered in a monotone 2. of or having a single color vociferous reticent, monotone vociferous, making, given to, or marked by noisy and vehement outcry monotonous [m n'ot n s] a., ; 1. sounded or spoken in an unvarying tone 2. tediously repetitious or lacking in variety stammer : halting :: drone : monotonous monotonous piebald, multifarious, vociferous piebald spotted or patched, especially in black and white multifarious ;, having great variety; diverse vociferous, making, given to, or marked by noisy and vehement outcry montage [mɑntɑ ʒ / mɔn] n. 1. a. a single pictorial composition made by juxtaposing or superimposing many pictures or designs b. the art or process of making such a composition 2. a. a rapid succession of different images or shots in a movie b. the use of such successive images as a cinematic technique 3. a composite of closely juxtaposed elements montage : images :: medley : songs zigzag : turns :: montage : images mop [mɑp / mɔp] v. / morale n. : the state of the spirits of a person or group as exhibited by confidence, cheerfulness, discipline, and willingness to perform assigned tasks dispirit : morale :: enervate : strength dispirit to lower in or deprive of spirit; dishearten 2. a suspension of an ongoing or planned activity reprieve : punishment :: moratorium : activity reprieve ; fast : eat :: moratorium : act moratorium : activity :: respite : labor :: tourniquet : bleeding respite, ; ( ) morbid [mɔ rbid] a. ;, 1. a. of, relating to, or caused by disease; pathological or diseased b. psychologically unhealthy or unwholesome 2. characterized by preoccupation with unwholesome thoughts or feelings 3. gruesome; grisly morbid wholesome, hale, salubrious, verdant hale, free from infirmity or illness; sound verdant, ;, mordant [mɔ rd-әnt] a.,, : INCISIVE, TRENCHANT 1. a. bitingly sarcastic b. incise and trenchant 2. bitingly painful 3. serving to fix colors in dyeing incisive, ; penetrating, clear, and sharp, as in operation or expression mordant genial moribund [mɔ ( )rәbʌǹd, mɑŕ-] a.,, 1. approaching death; about to die 2. on the verge of becoming obsolete moribund beginning, nascent, increasingly vital, current, hale nascent, coming into existence; emerging morose [mәróus] a., : sullenly melancholy; gloomy morose cheerful, sanguine, jovial, jocund, rejoicing, lighthearted, rejoiced sanguine, cheerfully confident; optimistic jovial,, marked by hearty conviviality and good cheer jocund, sprightly and lighthearted in disposition, character, or quality mortar [mɔ rtә r] n. hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar mortar : grind :: canvas : paint :: vat : dye vat / ; mortify v., ;, 1. to cause to experience shame, humiliation, or wounded pride; humiliate 2. to discipline (one's body and physical appetites) by selfdenial or self-inflicted privation embarrass : mortify :: indulge : mollycoddle (A << B) morass [mәrǽs] n. ;, 1. an area of low-lying, soggy ground mosaic [mouzéiik] n. ( ) 2. something that hinders, engulfs, or overwhelms haunt : familiar :: morass, harass : irritating haunt ; mosaic : ceramic :: patchwork : cloth (mosaic은 ceramic으로 구성될 수 있음) ( ) piece : jigsaw puzzle :: tile : mosaic :: pixel : image jigsaw puzzle moratorium [mɔ ( )rәtɔ riәm, mɑ r-] n., 1. (law) mosque [mɑsk / mɔsk] n. a. an authorization to a debtor, such as a bank or nation, permitting temporary suspension of payments b. an authorized period of delay in the performance of an spire : church :: minaret : mosque spire minaret ( ) obligation

mosquito [mәskí tou] n. mosquito : netting :: impurity : filter (B prevent A) moth-eaten [mɔ ( )ɵì tn] a.(, 1. eaten away by moth larvae 2. old and timeworn; stale 3. shabby; decrepit larva <lá:rvә> (pl. -vae <-vi:>), moth-eaten fresh and new, vigorous motile [móutil / -tail] a. ; : moving or having the power to move spontaneously motility stasis stasis ; a condition of balance among various forces; motionlessness motivate [móutәvèit] v. : to provide with an incentive; move to action; impel exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit exhortation,, exhort to urge by strong, often stirring argument, admonition, advice, or appeal invective,, fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist motley [mɑ tli / mɔ t-] a. ; 1. having elements of great variety or incongruity; heterogeneous 2. having many colors; variegated; parti-colored motley colorless, unique, unvaried, homogeneous, harmonious mottle [mɑ tl / mɔ tl] vt. : to mark with spots or blotches of different shades or colors striated : groove :: mottled, dappled : spot mottle blanch blanch, ; (, ) mottled homogeneous, solid solid 13. acting together; unanimous mournful [mɔ rnfәl] a. ;, : GLOOMY 1. feeling or expressing sorrow or grief; sorrowful 2. causing or suggesting sadness or melancholy jovial mournful revelry mournfulness revelry ; boisterous merrymaking movement [mú vmәnt] n. stanza : poem :: movement : symphony muddy [mʌ di] a., ;, 1. full of or covered with mud 2. a. not bright or pure b. not clear; cloudy, as with sediment 3. lacking luster; dull 4. confused or vague muddy clear muffle [mʌ f-әl] vt. ( ) 1. to wrap up, as in a blanket or shawl, for warmth, protection, or secrecy 2. a. to wrap of pad in order to deaden the sound b. to deaden (a sound) 3. to make vague or obscure 4. to repress; stifle muffle : sound :: assuage : grief plangent, resonant muffled plangent, plaintive, expressing sorrow; mournful or melancholy mulish [mjú liʃ] a. ;, : stubborn and intractable; recalcitrant despicable : value :: mulish : flexibility despicable, deserving of contempt or scorn; vile pliant, flexible mulish mull [mʌl] v. : PONDER : to go over extensively in the mind; ponder multifarious [mʌ ltәfɛ -әriәs] a. ;, having great variety; diverse multifarious monotonous, lacking diversity mumble [mʌḿb-әl] v. 1. to utter indistinctly by lowering the voice or partially closing the mouth 2. to chew slowly or ineffectively without or as if without teeth enunciate mumble enunciate ( ) ;, mundane [mʌńdein, -- ] a., ; : COMMONPLACE 1. of, relating to, or typical of this world; secular 2. relating to, characteristic of, or concerned with commonplaces; ordinary secular, mundane exotic, extraordinary, unusual, spiritual, unearthly municipality [mju nìsәpǽlәti] n. (, ) ; 1. a political unit, such as a city or town, incorporated for local self-government 2. a body of officials appointed to manage the affairs of a local political unit munificent [mju nífәs-әnt] a., 1. very liberal in giving; generous 2. showing great generosity miser : munificent :: zealot : blase blase, munificent parsimonious munificence stinginess mural [mjú-әrәl] n. a very large image, such as a painting or an enlarged photograph, applied directly to a wall or ceiling petrography : rock :: mural : wall petrography, the description and classification of rocks murky [mә rki] a.,, ;, 1. dark, dim, or gloomy 2. a. heavy and thick with smoke, mist, or fog; hazy b. darkened or clouded with sediment 3. lacking clarity or distinctness; cloudy or obscure murky clear, limpid, lucid, pellucid pellucid, ;, transparently clear in style or meaning murmur [mә rmә r] v. ;, 1. to make a low, continuous, indistinct sound or succession

of sounds 2. to complain in low mumbling tones; grumble croon : sing :: murmur : speak croon glimmer : dazzle :: murmur : resound (A << B) glimmer, mushroom [mʌ ʃru( )m] vi. ; 1. to multiply, grow, or expand rapidly 2. to swell or spread out into a shape similar to a mushroom mutation [mju téiʃ-әn] n., ;, ; 1. the act or process of being altered or changed 2. an alteration or change, as in nature, form, or quality mimicry : camouflage :: mutation : variation mutate remain the same mute [mju t] vt. ; 1. to soften or muffle the sound of 2. to soften the tone, color, shade, or hue of muted : color :: muffled : sound mute amplify mutinous [mjú t-әnәs] adj. 1. disposed to or being in a state of mutiny : REBELLIOUS 2. TURBULENT, UNRULY mutinous obedient mutter [m' t :r] v., 1. to speak indistinctly in low tones 2. to complain or grumble morosely mutter : indistinct :: drone : monotonous mutter speak distinctly myopia [maióupiә] n., : lack of discernment or long-range perspective in thinking or planning myopic discerning, farseeing, shrewd shrewd, ; myopia prescience prescience <prí:ʃiәns>, knowledge of actions or events before they occur; foresight myriad [míriәd] a. 1. constituting a very large, indefinite number; innumerable 2. composed of numerous diverse elements or facets countless, innumerable, myriad, untold : number :: everlasting, interminable : duration myriad : number :: everlasting : duration myriad few, scarce, scanty mysterious [mist'i ri s] 1. of, relating to, or being a mystery 2. simultaneously arousing wonder and inquisitivenss, and eluding explanation or comprehension mysterious scrutable nag [næg] v. ; 1. to annoy by constant scolding, complaining, or urging 2. to torment persistently, as with anxiety or pain torment,, naive [nɑ í v] a., ;, : CREDULOUS 1. a. lacking worldliness and sophistication; artless b. simple and credulous as a child; ingenuous 2. lacking critical ability or analytical insight; not subtle or learned 3. a. not previously subjected to experiments b. not having previously taken or received a particular drug guile : naive :: tardy : prompt worldly naive narcissism [nɑ rsisìzәm] n. : excessive love or admiration of oneself narcissist : self-absorbed :: sycophant : obsequious narcissism : love :: guilt : blame (A >> B) narrative n., 1. a narrated account; a story 2. the art, technique, or process of narrating abbreviation : sentence :: synopsis : narrative (A = B를 줄인 것) narrow [n.'ærou] 1. of small or limited width, especially in comparison with length 2. limited in area or scope; cramped 3. lacking flexibility; rigid 4. barely sufficient; close 5. painstakingly thorough or attentive; meticulous narrow catholic, ebullient nascent [nǽsәnt, néi-] a.,, : coming into existence; emerging moribund, fully established nascent moribund, ;, natty [nǽti] a. : SMART : neat, trim, and smart; dapper dapper, natty slovenly, sloppy, frowzy slovenly, ;, sloppy, ; frowzy, ; nausea n., 1. a feeling of sickness in the stomach characterized by an urge to vomit 2. strong aversion; disgust nauseate [nɔ zièit, -ʒi-, -si-, -ʃi-] v. ; 1. to feel or cause to feel nausea 2. to feel or cause to feel loathing or disgust vertigo : nauseate :: treat : cure (A << B) vertigo ; N nadir [néidәr, -diәr] n. ;, : the lowest point nadir summit, acme, topmost point acme, the highest point, as of perfection naysay [n.'eis'ei] v. / / : to say no to; deny or oppose naysay concur naysayer [néiseiәr] n. 1. one who is assertively negative in attitude 2. one who critically disagrees

nebulous [nébjәlәs] a. ;, ; : INDISTINCT, VAGUE 1. cloudy, misty, or hazy 2. lacking definite form or limits; vague 3. of, relating or, or characteristic of a nebula nebulous distinct, unambiguous, clear, limpid limpid, ;, needy [ní di] a., : POVERTY-STRICKEN : being in need; impoverished affluent needy nefarious [nifɛ әriәs] a., : EVIL : infamous by way of being extremely wicked nefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberality nefarious above reproach, virtuous, exemplary, beneficial, beyond reproach virtuous, exemplary, ; worthy of imitation; commendable negate v., ; / 1. to make ineffective or invalid; nullify 2. to rule out; deny negation affirmation negative [négәtiv] n. negligent a., 1. characterized by or inclined to neglect, especially habitually 2. characterized by careless ease or informality; casual negligence care negotiate [nigóuʃièit] vi. to confer with another or others in order to come to terms or reach an agreement clog : drainage :: stalemate : negotiations clog, stalemate, negotiator : agreement :: mediator : compromise tenacious negotiable tenacious, neologism n. 1. a new work, expression, or usage 2. the creation or use of new words or senses neologism archaism, well-established expression neophyte [ní әfàit] n. ;, : PROSELYTE 1. a recent convert to a belief; a proselyte 2. a beginner or novice proselyte <prásәlàit>, a new convert to a doctrine or religion inexperience : neophyte :: irresponsibility : wastrel wastrel <we istrәl> ;, neophyte : experience :: boor : sensitivity nepotism : kinship :: jingoism : nationality nerve [nә rv] vt. : to give strength or courage to appall embolden, nerve appall to fill with consternation or dismay nervy diffident diffident,,, nestle [nés-әl] v. 1. to settle snugly and comfortably 2. to lie in a sheltered position 3. to draw or press close, as in affection; snuggle snuggle,, nestle flinch, recoil, shrink flinch, recoil ;, shrink ; ;, to avoid or neglect (a duty or responsibility) nether [néðә r] adj. / : situated down or below : LOWER : situated or believed to be situated beneath the earth's surface nether <> upper/uprose nettle [nétl] v. ;, 1. to string with or as if with a nettle 2. to irritate; vex imputable : nettle :: imputable ( ) possible to impute or ascribe; attributable impute,, conciliate, gratify, mollify nettle neutralize [njú trәlàiz] v. ; 1. to make neutral 2. to counterbalance or counteract the effect of; render ineffective neutralize : effectiveness :: (A remove B) nexus [n.'eks s] n., ; 1. a means of connection; a link or tie 2. a connected series or group 3. the core or center nexus disconnected components nexus trivial point nibble [níb-әl] v. 1. to bite at gently and repeatedly 2. to eat with small, quick bites or in small morsels 3. to wear away or diminish bit by bit quaff : sip :: gobble : nibble gobble, swill : sip :: gobble : nibble swill to drink greedily or grossly nepotism [népәtìzәm] n., : favoritism shown or patronage granted to relatives, as in business nepotism : relative :: cronyism : friend cronyism favoritism shown to old friends without regard for their qualifications, as in political appointments to office nepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud embezzle / to take (money, for example) for one's own use in violation of a trust nepotism : relative :: jingoism : nationality jingoism chauvinism ; (, ) nicety [náis-әti] n. ; 1. the quality of showing or requiring careful, precise treatment 2. delicacy of character or feeling; fastidiousness; scrupulousness 3. a fine point, small detail, or subtle distinction 4. an elegant or refined feature; an amenity nicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy nicety : distinction :: intimation : communication (A << B) intimation, ; nicety : distinction :: spoof : parody spoof ( )

tomfoolery, 1. foolish behavior 2. something trivial or foolish; nonsense hoax ; nice imprecise, inexact niggard [nígә rd] adj. niggard <> generous nil [nil] n. ( ) nothing; zero nil : quantity :: vacuum : matter nimble a., ;, 1. quick, light, or agile in movement or action; deft 2. quick, clever, and acute in devising or understanding nip [nip] v. : to sip (alcoholic liquor) in small amounts nip : drink :: jot : write jot, to write down briefly or hastily nitpick [nítpìk] v. : to be concerned with or find fault with insignificant details nitpick : criticize :: cavil : object (A << B) cavil ; to find fault unnecessarily; raise trivial objections nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil :: preacher : sermon quibble ; / nitpicker : criticize :: preacher : sermon fluent : glib :: meticulous : finicky (EQUAL) meticulous : nitpick (A >> B) finicky, nocturnal [nɑktә rnl / nɔk-] a. ; 1. of, relating to, or occurring in the night 2. (botany) having flowers that open during the night 3. (zoology) most active at night diurnal, happening during daytime nocturnal diurnal ;, noisome [nɔísɔm] a., 1. offensive to the point of arousing disgust; foul 2. harmful or dangerous noisome beneficial, pleasant, healthy, appealing, attractively fragrant, savory nomad [nóumæd] n. WANDERER 1. a member of a group of people who have no fixed home and move according to the seasons from place to place in search of food, water, and grazing land 2. a person with no fixed residence who roams about; a wanderer nomad : domicile :: freelancer : employer domicile <dámәsàil>, nomadic settled nominal [nɑḿәnl / nɔḿ-] a.,, : TRIFLING, INSIGNIFICANT 1. a. of, resembling, relating to, or consisting of a name or names b. assigned to or bearing a person's name 2. existing in name only 3. insignificantly small; trifling nominal : significance :: disjunctive : unity nominal : figurehead :: absolute : autocrat figurehead autocrat, nonchalant [nɑǹʃ-әlɑ nt, nɑńʃ-әlәnt/nɔń-] a., : seeming to be coolly unconcerned or indifferent anonymous : identify :: nonchalant : excite nonchalance perturbation noncommittal [nɑǹkәmítl / nɔǹ-] a., : AMBIGUOUS refusing commitment to a particular opinion or course of action; not revealing what one feels or thinks noncommittal confirmative nondescript [nɑǹdiskrípt / nɔǹdiskrípt] a., : DULL, DRAB lacking distinctive qualities; having no individual character or form nondescript : note :: rare : collect (if A, not B :: if A, then B) ( ) nondescript conspicuous, striking, remarkable nonentity [nɑnéntәti / nɔn-] n. / ; 1. a person regarded as being of no importance or significance 2. nonexistence 3. something that does not exist or that exists only in the imagination dilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequence (A lack B) dilettante,, nonentity mogul mogul <móugʌl>, nonflammable [nɑnflǽmәb-әl / nɔn-] a., : not flammable, especially not readily ignited and not rapidly burned impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible impervious, incapable of being penetrated or affected nonplus [nɑnplʌś, - - / nɔn-, - -] v. : QUANDARY : to put at a loss as to what to think, say, or do; bewilder quandary,, a state of uncertainty or perplexity If you are in a quandary, you have to make a decision but cannot decide what to do. infuriate : rage :: nonplus : perplexity nonsense [nɑńsens / nɔńs-әns, -sens] n. nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast drivel ; nostrum [nɑśtrәm / nɔś-] n., 1. a medicine whose effectiveness is unproved and whose ingredients are usually secret; a quack remedy 2. a favorite but untested remedy for problems or evils notch [nɑtʃ / nɔtʃ] n. V ;, 1. a. a V-shaped cut b. such a cut used for keeping a record 2. a narrow pass between mountains 3. (informal) a level or degree serrated without notches, smooth serrate ; ( ) nourish 1. to provide with food or other substances necessary for life and growth; feed 2. to foster the developmen of; promote 3. to keep alive; maintain novelty [nɑ v-әlti /nɔ v-] n., ;, 1. the quality of being novel; newness 2. something new and unusual; an innovation 3. a small mass-produced article, such as a toy or trinket(

) threadbare, timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directness (OPPOSITE) ballad : stanza :: novel : chapter :: dance : step timeworn, banal novel noxious [nɑḱʃәs / nɔḱ-] a. 1. harmful to living things; injurious to health 2. harmful to the mind or morals; corrupting noxious beneficial, salubrious, harmless, innocuous, sanitary, wholesome salubrious conducive or favorable to health or wellbeing nuance [njú ɑ ns, -- ] n. 1. a subtle or slight degree of difference, as in meaning, feeling, or tone; a gradation 2. expression or appreciation of subtle shades of meaning, feeling, or tone nuance : distinction :: hint : suggestion (A << B) nuance patent difference, lack of subtleness, sharp distinction, patent patent ;, nuanced patent nucleate [njú klièit] v. : CLUSTER 1. to bring together into a nucleus 2. to act as a nucleus for 3. to provide a nucleus for nucleate disseminate, scatter nudge [nʌdʒ] v. ( ), : to push against gently, especially in order to gain attention or give a signal doze : sleepiness :: nudge : prod prod, ;,, nudge : push :: (A << B) butt : head :: nudge : elbow nugatory [njú gәtɔ ri / -t-әri] a. ; 1. of little or no importance; trifling 2. having no force; invalid nugatory consequential numb [nʌm] a.,, 1. deprived of the power to feel or move normally; benumbed 2. emotionally unresponsive; indifferent numb sensate sensate <se seit> nurture [nә rtʃә r] vt. ;, 1. to nourish; feed 2. to educate; train 3. to help grow or develop; cultivate nurture : child :: cultivate : crop nurture withhold sustenance from, disregard, stunt, impede, fail to support sustenance, ;, stunt, to check the growth or development of oafish [óufiʃ] a. oaf <ouf>, : BOOB a person regarded as stupid or clumsy O oasis [ou'eisis] n. glade : wood :: oasis : desert glade oath [ouθ] n., ;, ;, 1. a. a solemn, formal declaration or promise to fulfill a pledge, often calling on God or a sacred object as witness b. the words or formula of such a declaration or promise c. something declared or promised 2. an irreverent or blasphemous use of the name of God or something held sacred 3. an imprecation; a curse oath : promise :: contract : agreement obdurate [' bd:jurit] a., 1. a. hardened in wrongdoing or wickedness; stubbornly impenitent b. hardened against feeling; hardhearted 2. not giving in to persuasion; intractable firmness : obdurate :: carefulness : meticulous meticulous, energetic : frenetic :: firm : obdurate :: frugal : penurious (A << B) frenetic wildly excited or active; frantic; frenzied penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous (OPPOSITE) penitent, feeling or expressing remorse for one's misdeeds or sins obdurate : budge :: lachrymose : cheer (OPPOSITE) budge, ( ) obdurate : move :: irrepressible : quell (OPPOSITE) toward obdurate ( ) obdurate amenable, complaisant, flexible, pliable obedient [oubí diәnt] a. : dutifully complying with the commands, orders, or instructions of one in authority imperial, contumacious obedient contumacious, obstinately disobedient or rebellious; insubordinate obeisance [oubéisәns, -bí -] n., ;, : DEFERENCE, HOMAGE 1. a gesture or movement of the body, such as a curtsy, that expresses deference or homage 2. an attitude of deference or homage obeisance : esteem :: embrace : affection (SIGN) obeisant impertinent, impudent, imperious impertinent, ;, ; impudent, characterized by offensive boldness; insolent or impertinent imperious, ;, obey [o:ub'ei] v., ;... ; (, ) 1. to carry out or fulfill the command, order, or instruction of 2. to carry out or comply with (a command, for example) obey break, command, disregard, order, transgress, violate obfuscate [ɑbfʌśkèit, ɑ bfәskèit / ɔ bfәskèit] v. ; : DARKEN 1. to make so confused or opaque as to be difficult to perceive or understand 2. to render indistinct or dim; darken equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: obfuscation : clarity (A = B를 숨김) metaphor : description coward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscate headstrong : willfulness :: obfuscating : confusing (EQUAL) willful, ;

rationalization : plausible :: obfuscation : indiscernible plausible ; cowardice : intimidate :: perplexity : obfuscate obfuscate elucidate, illuminate, explain clearly, clarify, lucid, demystify obfuscated, obfuscatory explicit, lucid obituary [oubítʃuèri] n. : a notice of a person's death usually with a short biographical account roster : staff :: obituary : death roster ; obligatory [әblígәtɔ ri, ɑ blig- / әblígәtәri, ɔ blig-] a., : MANDATORY, REQUIRED 1. morally or legally constraining; binding 2. imposing or recording an obligation 3. of the nature of an obligation; compulsory elected : obliged :: discretionary, selective, elective obligatory discretionary, oblige v., ; ( ) ; 1. to constrain by physical, legal, social, or moral means 2. to make indebted or grateful 3. to do a service or favor for obliging [әbláidʒiŋ] a. : ACCOMMODATING : ready to do favors for others; accommodating accommodate, ;, visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging (A >> B) visionary,, ;, officious ; discommode oblige discommode / to put to inconvenience; trouble oblique [әblí k, ou-] a., : INDIRECT, OBSCURE oblique direct obliterate [әblítәrèit] v. ; 1. to do away with completely so as to leave no trace 2. to wipe out, rub off, or erase (writing or other markings) inspire : infuse :: obliterate : remove (A >> B) infuse (, ) inter : burial :: obliterate : removal inter to place in a grave or tomb; bury obliterate : remove :: saturate : wet (A >> B) ineffable : description :: irradicable : obliterate ineffable incapable of being expressed; indescribable or unutterable unexpurgated obliterated expurgate (, ) ; oblivious [әblíviәs] a., ; 1. lacking all memory; forgetful 2. lacking conscious awareness; unmindful erudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglect oblivious : attentive :: (OPPOSITE) forget : oblivion :: forgo : disuse forgo, to abstain from; relinquish disuse, the state of not being used or of being no longer in use oblivious aware, vigilant, mindful, cognizant cognizant, full informed; conscious obloquy [ɑ blәkwi / ɔ b-] n. ;, 1. abusively detractive language or utterance; calumny 2. the condition of disgrace suffered as a result of abuse or vilification; ill repute adulation obloquy obnoxious a., ;, 1. very objectionable; odious 2. exposed to harm, injury, or evil obscene [әbsí n] adj. 1 : disgusting to the senses : REPULSIVE 2 a : abhorrent to morality or virtue; specifically : designed to incite to lust or depravity b : containing or being language regarded as taboo in polite usage *obscene lyrics* c : repulsive by reason of crass disregard of moral or ethical principles *an obscene misuse of power* d : so excessive as to be offensive *obscene wealth* *obscene waste* synonyms see COARSE obscure [әbskjúәr] a., ;, : MYSTERIOUS celebrity, clarity, certitude obscurity celebrity, ; legendary, explicit, manifest obscure obscure clarify, elucidate elucidate to make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify obscurity celebrity, certitude, clarity obsequious [әbsí kwiәs] a., : full of or exhibiting servile compliance; fawning condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn (EQUAL) condescending displaying a patronizingly superior attitude libertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequious :: narcissist : self absorbed dissolute, lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual pleasures or vices frugal : penurious :: deferential : obsequious (A << B) sycophantic : obsequious :: rebellious : resurgent obsequious : attentiveness :: parsimonious : frugality (A >> B) obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield obsequious : servile :: assertive : belligerent (A << B) belligerent, ; querulous : complaint :: obsequious : flattery querulous ; supercilious obsequious supercilious, feeling or showing haughty disdain observatory [әbzә rvәtɔ ri / -tәri] n. conservatory : music :: seminary : theology :: observatory : astronomy obsess [әbsés] vt. : to preoccupy the mind of excessively agonized : distress :: obsessed : concern (A >> B) agonize ; firm : intransigent :: concerned : obsessed (A << B) intransigent obsessed : attracted :: rash : adventurous :: intimate : close (A >> B) focus : obsession :: (A << B) obsession intense disgust obsolete [ɑ bsәlí t, - -- / ɔ bsәlì t] a., 1. no longer in use 2. outmoded in design, style, or construction obsolescence currency

obstacle [ɑ bstәkәl / ɔ b-] n. : one that opposes, stands in the way of, or holds up progress blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede blandish, cajole to urge with gentle and repeated appeals, teasing, or flattery; wheedle wheedle, obstinate [ɑ bstәnit / ɔ b-] a.,, ( ) 1. stubbornly adhering to an attitude, an opinion, or a course of action; obdurate 2. difficult to manage, control, or subdue; refractory 3. difficult to alleviate or cure obstinate : preserve :: tactless, insensitive : offend unflappable : upset :: obstinate : persuade flappable easily excited or upset firm : obstinate :: supple : spineless :: thin : emaciated (A << B) tractable insubordinate, intransigent, incorrigible, obstinate obstinacy tractability obstreperous [әbstrépәrәs] a. ; : UNRULY 1. noisily and stubbornly defiant 2. aggressively boisterous obstreperous disciplined obstruct [әbstrʌḱt] v. : IMPEDE 1. to block or fill (a passage) with obstacles or an obstacle 2. to impede, retard, or interfere with; hinder 3. to get in the way of so as to hide from sight obstruct : progress :: stunt : growth stunt to check the growth or development of obstruct facilitate, abet occluded unobstructed occlude,, to cause to become closed; to prevent the passage of obstructed unoccluded obstructionist one who facilitates obtrusive [әbtrú siv] adj. obtrusive : ignore :: elusive : capture occluded unobstructed obstructed unoccluded occult [әkʌĺt, ɑḱʌlt / ɔkʌĺt] a., ; : ABSTRUSE, MYSTERIOUS 1. of, relating to, or dealing with supernatural influence, agencies, or phenomena 2. beyond the realm of human comprehension; inscrutable 3. available only to the initiate; secret 4. hidden from view; concealed occult bare, patent, readily fathomable, manifest bare ;, occurrence [әkә rәns, әkʌŕ-] n. 1. the act or an instance of occurring 2. something that takes place prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence prodigy, ; /, ode [oud] n. tone : chord :: ode : poem ode : poetry :: spoof : parody spoof ( ), a gentle satirical imitation; a light parody odious [óudiәs] a., : arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting blatant ; odious : disgust :: menacing : fear odious : repugnance :: menacing : fear odium [óudiәm] n.,, 1. the state or quality of being odious 2. strong dislike, contempt, or aversion 3. a state of disgrace resulting from hateful or detestable conduct odium esteem, hankering, infatuation hankering, hanker to have a strong, often restless desire infatuation, obtuse [әbtjú s] a., ;, : INSENSITIVE 1. lacking quickness of perception or intellect 2. not sharp, pointed, or acute in form; blunt rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse rectitude, ; moral uprightness; righteousness transgress ( ) ; ( ) restive : calm :: keen : obtuse restive, ;, parsimonious : liberal :: obtuse : keen (OPPOSITE) parsimonious excessively sparing or frugal impertinent : propriety :: keen : obtuseness obtuse acute, keen, insightful, perspicacious perspicacious,, obtuseness acumen obviate [ɑ bvièit / ɔ b-] vt., : to anticipate and dispose of effectively; render unnecessary emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary (A하면 B하게 된다) emulate, obviate : unnecessary :: reduce : smaller obviate make necessary occlude [әklú d / ɔk-] vt., : OBSTRUCT 1. to cause to become closed; obstruct 2. to prevent the passage of off-key a. ;, ; 1. (music) pitched higher or lower than the correct notes of a melody 2. being out of accord with what is considered normal or appropriate off-key dulcet, at the proper pitch offbeat [ɔ fbí t] a. : ECCENTRIC : not conforming to an ordinary type or pattern; unconventional offbeat conventional, hackneyed, bathetic bathetic (bathos) ; offend [әfénd] v. 1. to cause displeasure, anger, resentment, or wounded feelings in 2. to be displeasing or disagreeable to 3. a. to transgress; violate b. to cause to sin deferential : offend :: scornful : respect equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: obfuscation : clarity obfuscate, euphemism : offend :: invulnerability : injure invulnerable, ; euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffuse diffuse ; glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error, sin, offense glitch, a minor malfunction, mishap, or

technical problem intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend obstinate : preserve :: tactless, insensitive : offend pliant : influence :: ticklish : offend ticklish ;,, politic : offend :: aloof : associate politic, ; ; ] remonstrance : dissuade :: syllogism : disprove remonstrance ;, syllogism, peccadillo : offense :: cameo : sculpture offhand [ɔ ( )fhǽnd, ɑ f-] ad. : without preparation or forethought; extemporaneously offhand premeditated officious [әfíʃәs] a., : MEDDLESOME 1. marked by excessive eagerness in offering unwanted services or advice to others 2. informal; unofficial attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish (A << B) absorbed : engrossed (EQUAL) engross ( ), to occupy exclusively; absorb officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel (CHARACTER) meddle ; tamper, tinker ; to make unskilled or experimental effort at repair; fiddle visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging (A >> B) obliging, ready to do favors for others; accommodating officious : attentive :: parsimony : frugal (A >> B) politic injudicious judicious, having or exhibiting sound judgment; prudent offish [ɔ ( )fiʃ, ɑ f-] a. : STANDOFFISH : inclined to be distant and reserved; aloof standoffish, ; aloof or reserved offish sociable olfaction n. ( ) 1. the sense of smell 2. the act or process of smelling olfaction : odor :: gustation : flavor gustation ; ominous [ɑḿәnәs / ɔḿ-] a., 1. menacing; threatening 2. of or being an omen, especially an evil one auspicious ominous auspicious, omnipotent [ɑmnípәtәnt / ɔm-] a. : having unlimited or universal power, authority, or force; all-powerful omnipotent powerless omnipresent [ɑ mnәprézәnt / ɔ m-] a. : present everywhere simultaneously omniscient [ɑmníʃәnt / ɔm-] a., : having total knowledge; knowing everything vacuous omniscient vacuous, ;, ;, onerous [ɑńәrәs, óu- / ɔń-] a., 1. troublesome or oppressive; burdensome 2. (law) entailing obligations that exceed advantages onerous requiring little effort onset [ɑńsèt, ɔ ( )n-] n. [ : BEGINNING, COMMENCEMENT onset <> terminate opacity [oupǽsәti] n., 1. the quality or state of being opaque 2. something opaque 3. a. obscurity; impenetrability b. dullness of mind opacity : light :: impermeability : fluid opacity transparency, clarity opaque [oupéik] a., : hard to understand or explain 1. a. impenetrable by light; neither transparent nor translucent b. not reflecting light; having no luster 2. impenetrable by a form of radiant energy other than visible light 3. a. so obscure as to be unintelligible b. obtuse of mind; dense slack : tension :: opaque : translucence opacity : light :: impermeability : fluid :: nonporous : liquid diaphanous opaque diaphanous <daiæ fәnәs>,, opaque clarify opine [oupáin] vt. : to hold or state as an opinion augur : predict :: pundit : opine :: recidivist : relapse augur, opportune [ɑ pәrtjú n / ɔṕәr- ] a., 1. suited or right for a particular purpose 2. occurring at a fitting or advantageous time opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience (EQUAL, 형 : 명) opportune inconvenient, untimely, inappropriate oppose [әpóuz] vt. 1. to be in contention or conflict with 2. to be resistant to 3. to place opposite in contrast or counterbalance 4. to place so as to be opposite something else oppose : thwart :: treat : cure (A << B) thwart, oppress v.,, 1. to keep down by severe and unjust use of force or authority 2. to weigh heavily on oppression [әpréʃәn] n., ;, 1. a. the act of oppressing; arbitrary and cruel exercise of power b. the state of being oppressed 2. something that oppresses 3. a feeling of being heavily weighted down in mind or body oppression : disagreement :: (A >> B) opprobrious [әpróubriәs] a., : SCURRILOUS 1. expressing contemptuous reproach; scornful or abusive 2. bringing disgrace; shameful or infamous

opprobrious : blameless :: opprobrious irreproachable ; ornery benign, expensive( ) opprobrium good repute ornithology [ɔ rnәɵɑĺәdʒi / -ɵɔĺ-] n. optimal [ɑṕtәmәl / ɔṕt-] a., ornithology : eaglet, eagle :: astronomy : planet : most desirable or satisfactory; optimum invincible : conquer :: optimal : improve invincible incapable of being overcome or defeated; unconquerable orthodox a., ; ; ( ), 1. adhering to the accepted or traditional and established faith, especially in religion 2. adhering to the Christian faith as expressed in the early Christian ecumenical creeds opulent [ɑṕjәlәnt / ɔṕ-] a., 3. Orthodox a. of or relating to any of the churches or rites of 1. possessing or exhibiting great wealth; affluent the Eastern Orthodox Church b. of 2. characterized by rich abundance; luxuriant or relating to Orthodox Judaism 4. adhering to what is commonly accepted, customary, or traditional optimization [ɑ ptәmәzéiʃәn] n. optimization : improve :: oracle [ɔ ( )rәkәl, ɑŕ-] n., ;, mentor : guidance :: oracle : prophecy mentor a wise and trusted counselor or teacher oration [ɔ réiʃәn] n. 1. a formal speech, especially one given on a ceremonial occasion 2. a speech delivered in a high-flown or pompous manner oration : hear :: novel : read orator : address :: preacher : sermon orchestra [ɔ rkәstrә] n. orchestra : musician :: pack : wolf pack, ; (, ),, pilot : ship :: conductor : orchestra stanza : poem :: movement : symphony :: movement : orchestra( ) instrumentalist : orchestra :: actor : troupe troupe <tru:p> ( ), ( ) ordinary [ɔ rdәnèri / ɔ dәnәri] a. 1. commonly encountered; usual 2. a. of no exceptional ability, degree, or quality; average b. of inferior quality; second-rate 3. having immediate rather than delegated jurisdiction, as a judge ordinary miraculous, inimitable miraculous, = preternatural, phenomenal inimitable defying imitation; matchless orient ['o:ri nt] orient confuse v. ; ( ) ; original [әrídʒәnәl] a. 1. preceding all others in time; first 2. a. not derived from something else; fresh and unusual b. showing a marked departure from previous practice; new 3. productive of new things or new ideas; inventive 4. being the source from which a copy, reproduction, or translation is made babble : sense :: parrot :: originality babble, parrot ; hodgepodge : uniformity :: cliche : original (OPPOSITE) hodgepodge a mixture of dissimilar ingredients; a jumble banal, commonplace, trite original pastiche original work pastiche <pæstí:ʃ> ; (hodgepodge) orthodoxy [ɔ rɵәdɑ ksi / -dɔ ksi] n., religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group dissenter ; (Nonconformist) oscillate [ɑśәlèit / ɔś-] vt. ;, oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter ( ) momentum, ;, ; oscillation imperturbation, absence of variation oscillate remain static ossify [ɑśәfài / ɔś-] v., 1. to change into bone; become bony 2. to become set in a rigidly conventional pattern depreciation : value :: ossification : flexibility (OPPOSITE) ligneous : wood :: osseous : bone ligneous <lígniәs>, osseous <ásiәs>, ( ) ossify transcend conventions, make pliant ossified amenable to change ostensible [ɑsténsәbәl / ɔs-] a., : represented or appearing as such; ostensive ostensible substantial, inapparent ostentatious [ɑ stentéiʃәs / ɔ s-] a., = pretentious : ostentation pretentious display meant to impress others; boastful showiness ostentation modesty, artlessness, austerity ostentatious meek, modest, unassuming unassuming (unpresuming), (modest) ostracism [ɑśtrәsìzәm / ɔś-] n., pariah : ostracize :: prisoner : confine pariah <pәráiә> ;, ostracize take in, welcome, include, embrace, invite to join ostracize [' str s'aiz] v. ; / 1. to exclude from a group 2. to banish by ostracism, as in ancient Greece ostracize take in, include, embrace, welcome, accept oust [aust] v. ; 1. to eject from a position or place; force out 2. to take the place of, especially by force; supplant oust instate instate, (install) to establish in office; install ornery [ɔ rnәri] a., (stubborn);, (low, vile); (common) mean-spirited, disagreeable, and contrary in disposition; cantankerous outgoing 1. [áutgòuiŋ] a., : EXTROVERTED cantankerous, (quarrelsome);, a. going out or away; departing

b. retiring from or relinquishing a place, a position, or an office c. addressed for sending 2. sociable and responsive to others; friendly 3. intended to be taken out, as from a restaurant extrovert : outgoing :: perfectionist : exacting outlandish [autlǽndiʃ] a. ;, ; 1. conspicuously unconventional; bizarre 2. strikingly unfamiliar 3. located far from civilized areas outlandish conventional outmaneuver [àutmәnú vәr] v. 1. to overcome (an opponent) by artful, clever maneuvering 2. to excel in maneuverability outmaneuver yield overlap [òuvәrlǽp] vt. 1. to lie or extend over and cover part of 2. to have an area or a range in common with infinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlap (OPPOSITE) inconsonant : concord :: scatter : overlap (OPPOSITE) oversee v., 1. to watch over and direct; supervise 2. to subject to scrutiny; examine or inspect overt [óuvә rt, -- ] a., : MANIFEST 1. open and observable; not hidden, concealed, or secret 2. of, relating to, or being military or intelligence operations sanctioned or mandated by Congress clandestine : secretly :: overt : openly (EQUAL) clandestine shadowy overt outmoded [àutmóudid] a. 1. not in fashion; unfashionable 2. no longer usable or practical; obsolete outmoded original outset ['auts`et] n., 1. the beginning; the start 2. an initial stage, as of an activity outset termination outshine v., (excel) 1. a. to shine brighter than b. to be more beautiful, splendid, or flamboyant than 2. to surpass in obvious excellence; outdo outwit [àutwít] v. : OUTSMART : to surpass in cleverness or cunning; outsmart taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit (A << B) taunt, to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or contemptuous manner provoke to incite to anger or resentment overbearing [òuvәrbɛ әriŋ] a., 1. domineering in manner; arrogant 2. overwhelming in power or significance; predominant unassuming, meek overbearing unassuming ;, meek, ; overdose [óuvәrdòus] n. : an excessive dose, especially of a narcotic( ) overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention indiscretion,, ; dose : medicine :: sentence : punishment dose : medicine :: current : river overexposure [òuvәrekspóuʒәr] n. 1. to expand or disperse beyond a safe or reasonable limit 2. to obligate (oneself) beyond a limit, especially a financial one overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune overture [óuvәrtʃәr, -tjùәr] n. : PROPOSAL 1. (music) a. an instrumental composition intended especially as an introduction to an extended work, such as an opera or oratorio b. a similar orchestral work, such as one written as a concert piece or an introduction to a play 2. an introductory section or part, as of a poem; a prelude 3. an act, an offer, or a proposal that indicates readiness to undertake a course of action or open a relationship veto : prohibitive :: overture : introductory veto ;, overture, prelude : introductory :: caveat : warning, cautionary caveat <ke iviæ t>, preamble : introductory :: caveat : cautionary preamble, overture : symphony :: preface : book overture : opera :: preamble : statute preamble, (foreword) statute, ;, coda overture overwhelm [òuvәrhwélm] vt. ; 1. to surge over and submerge; engulf 2. a. to defeat completely and decisively b. to affect deeply in mind or emotion 3. to present with an excessive amount 4. to turn over; upset usurp : take :: overwhelm : defeat (A >> B) overwrought [òuvәrrɔ t] a. ; : AGITATED wrought : work ( ) 1. excessively nervous or excited; agitated 2. extremely elaborate or ornate; overdone oxymoron [ɑ ksimɔ rɑn / ɔ ksimɔ rɔn] n. a rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined [ex. crowded solitude] apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox apophasis allusion to something by denying that it will be mentioned equivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruous oxymoron : contradictory :: mishap : catastrophic overhaul [òuvәrhɔ ] v. ; / ;, 1. a. to examine or go over carefully for needed repairs b. to dismantle in order to make repairs 2. to make extensive renovations or revisions on; renovate 3. to catch up with; overtake overhaul skim

P 1. of or suitable for a palace 2. of the nature of a palace, as in spaciousness or ornateness pachyderm [pǽkidә rm] n. (,, ) palatial : hovel :: bucolic : city, metropolis (OPPOSITE) pachyderm : animal :: ant : insect hovel ; pacify [pǽsәfài] vt. : SOOTHE 1. to ease the anger or agitation of 2. to end war, fighting, or violence in; establish peace in solace : grief :: pacification : anger solace <sálәs>, ;, comfort in sorrow, misfortune, or distress; consolation tantrum pacification tantrum, a fit of bad temper rankle, incite, vex, gall pacify, appease, soothe rankle ( ) ;, to cause persistent irritation or resentment gall ( ) ; discommode pacificate, ease, mollify discommode, to put to inconvenience; trouble pacific truculent, choleric truculent,, ;, pack [pæk] n., ; (, ), orchestra : musician :: pack : wolf pact [pækt] n., ;, 1. a formal agreement, such as one between nations; a treaty 2. a compact; a bargain compact an agreement or a covenant covenant a binding agreement; a compact, padding [péinztèikiŋ, péins-] n. / ; 1. the act of stuffing, filling, or lining 2. a soft material used to make pads or a pad 3. extraneous material added to written work, such as a speech, to make it longer padding : damage :: disguise : recognition padding : damage :: dam : flood :: levee : flooding paean [pí әn] n. : ENCOMIUM, TRIBUTE 1. (music) a song of joyful praise or exultation 2. a fervent expression of joy or praise 3. an ancient Greek hymn of thanksgiving or invocation, especially to Apollo paean : song :: elegy : poem paean : joy :: dirge : grief paean harshly lampoon lampoon ( ) painstaking [péinztèikiŋ, péins-] a. : marked by or requiring great pains; very careful and diligent paint : analgesic :: symptom : palliative cursory painstakingly thorough cursory performed with haste and scant attention to detail slipshod painstaking slipshod, palatial [pәléiʃәl] a. ;, palatial : hovel :: bucolic : metropolis palette [pǽlit] n. ; a. the range of colors used in a particular painting or by a particular artist b. the range of qualities inherent in nongraphic art forms such as music and literature palette : color :: repertoire : play pall [pɔ l] v., 1. to become insipid. boring, or wearisome 2. to have a dulling, wearisome, or boring effect 3. to become cloyed or satiated cloy to cause distaste or disgust by supplying with too much of something originally pleasant, especially something rich or sweet; surfeit pall interest, intrigue palliate [pǽlièit] v. : ABATE 1. to make (an offense or crime) seem less serious; extenuate 2. to make less severe or intense; mitigate 3. to relieve the symptoms of a disease or disorder pain : analgesic :: symptom : palliative enervate : vigor :: palliate : nerve palliate : angry :: enfeeble : vigorous enfeeble to deprive of strength; make feeble caustic palliating, genial palliate exacerbate, worsen, increase intensity exacerbate to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of; aggravate pallid [pǽlәr] a., ; / 1. having an abnormally pale or wan complexion 2. lacking intensity of color or luminousness 3. lacking in radiance or vitality; dull pallid rubicund, piquant pallor [p'æl :r] n., : extreme or unnatural paleness palmy [pɑ mi] a. ; : FLOURISHING, PROSPEROUS palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity palpable [pǽlpәbәl] a., : MANIFEST, TANGIBLE 1. capable of being handled, touched, or felt; tangible 2. easily perceived; obvious palpable : touch :: pliable : mold ( ) subtle, elliptical palpable elliptical, elliptic ; ( ) ;, palpability intangibility impalpable clear palatable [pǽlәtәbәl] a., ; :agreeable to the palate or taste 1. acceptable to the taste; sufficiently agreeable in flavor to be eaten 2. acceptable or agreeable to the mind or sensibilities palatable : savory :: discernible : manifest (EQUAL) palate : mouth :: ceiling : room palate <pæ lit>, ; ;, palpitate [pǽlpәtèit] v. : to beat rapidly and strongly : THROB palter [pɔ ltәr] vi. : EQUIVOCATE : to talk or act insincerely or misleadingly 1. to talk or act insincerely or misleadingly; equivocate 2. to be capricious; trifle 3. to quibble, especially in bargaining quibble, ;

palter : candor :: budge : diehard (OPPOSITE) budge ; ( ) to move or stir slightly; to alter a position or attitude die-hard stubbornly resisting change or clinging to a seemingly hopeless or outdated cause palter : candor :: betray : loyalty palter candor paltry [pɔ ltri] a., ;, : INFERIOR, TRASHY, TRIVIAL 1. lacking in importance or worth; trivial 2. wretched or contemptible paltry significant, important, substantial pantechnicon : furniture :: pantry [pǽntri] n. 1. a small room or closet, usually off a kitchen, where food, tableware, linens, and similar items are stored 2. a small room used for the preparation of cold foods pantry : food :: armory : weapons :: closet, wardrobe : clothes armory, arsenal parable [pǽrәbәl] n. ; : a simple story illustrating a moral or religious lesson parable : story :: homily : lecture (A B) homily, pan [pæn] n. ; : severe criticism, especially a negative review pan : harsh :: barb : caustic rave, extol, eulogize pan rave ; panache [pәnǽʃ, -nɑ ʃ] n. ;, : VERVE : dash or flamboyance in style and action dash ;, ;, ; a spirited quality in action or style; verve verve ( ), panache humility, unremarkable behavior, dullness pancreas n. insulin : pancreas :: bile : liver bile ;, pandemic [pændémik] a. /, : widespread; general pandemic limited, endemic endemic, prevalent in or peculiar to a particular locality, region, or people pandemonium [pæǹdәmóuniәm] n., ; : TUMULT a very noisy place; wild uproar or noise pandemonium serenity pander [pǽndәr] v. ;, ( ) 1. to act as a go-between or liaison in sexual intrigues; function as a procurer 2. to cater to the lower tastes and desires of others or exploit their weakness panegyric [pæǹәdʒírik, -dʒái-] n. 1. a formal eulogistic composition intended as a public compliment 2. elaborate praise or laudation; an encomium panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize panegyric : praise :: valediction : farewell valediction, ; panegyric anathema, condemnation, denunciation anathema, panorama [pæǹәrǽmә, -rɑ mә] n. ; 1. an unbroken view of an entire surrounding area 2. a comprehensive presentation; a survey 3. a picture or series of pictures representing a continuous scene, often exhibited a part at a time by being unrolled and passed before the spectator 4. a mental vision of a series of events panoramic narrow pantechnicon [pæntéknikɑǹ, -kәn/ -kәn] n. ; / paradigmatic [pæ rәdigmǽtik] adj. : example, pattern : an outstandingly clear or typical example or archetype paradigm n. : EXAMPLE, PATTERN 1. an example that serves as pattern or model 2. a list of all the inflectional forms of a word taken as an illustrative example of the conjugating or declension to which it belongs paradigm, paragon : imitate :: reverence : regard corrective : amend :: paradigm : exemplify paradise n., ; pleasurable : paradisical :: melodious : lyrical (EQUAL) paradox [pǽrәdɑ ks / -dɔ ks] n., 1. a seemingly contradictory statement that may nonetheless be true 2. one exhibiting inexplicable or contradictory aspects 3. an assertion that is essentially self-contradictory, though based on a valid deduction from acceptable premises 4. a statement contrary to received opinion apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox (A B) apophasis allusion to something by denying that it will be mentioned paradox : contradictory :: epigram : wise paradoxical congruent, common paragon [pǽrәgɑǹ, -gәn] n., : a model of excellence or perfection of a kind; a peerless example paragon : admire :: pariah : contempt pariah <pәráiә> ;, paragon : excellent :: hoax : frau여lent paragon : exemplary :: corrected : amend (품사 이상) paragon : imitate :: reverence : regard paragon : mediocrity :: mediocrity, ; ( ) mediocre <mì:dióukәr>,, 2 moderate to inferior in quality; ordinary travesty paragon travesty ( ), ; paralyze [pǽrәlàiz] v. 1. to affect with paralysis 2. to make powerless or ineffective paralyze invigorate paramount [pǽrәmàunt] a., : SUPREME 1. of chief concern or importance 2. supreme in rank, power, or authority painful : agonizing :: important : paramount (A << B) agonize ; unimportant, ancillary, lowliest paramount ancillary, 1. subordinate

2. auxiliary; helping paranoia [pæ rәnɔíә] n. 1. a psychotic disorder characterized by delusions of persecution or grandeur, often strenuously defended with apparent logic and reason 2. extreme, irrational distrust of others enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia :: admiring : idolatrousness paraphrase [pǽrәfrèiz] v. 1. a restatement of a text or passage in another form or other words, often to clarify meaning 2. the restatement of texts in others words as a studying or teaching device paraphrase : verbatim :: approximate : precise (OPPOSITE) verbatim <vәrbe itim> using exactly the same words; corresponding word for word parch [pɑ rtʃ] vi. ;, 1. to make extremely dry, especially by exposure to heat 2. to make thirsty 3. to dry or roast (corn, for example) by exposing to heat steep parch steep a., v. ( ), parenthesis [p r'en sis] n. ( ) ;, enclose : parentheses :: separate : comma parenthesis : explanation :: ellipsis : omission pariah [pәráiә, pǽriә] n. ;, : a social outcast : outcast one that has been excluded from a society or system paragon : admire :: pariah : contempt pariah : ostracize :: prisoner : confine parity [pǽrәti] n., ;, 1. equality, as in amount, status, or value 2. functional equivalence, as in the weaponry or military strength of adversaries 3. the equivalent in value of a sum of money expressed in terms of a different currency at a fixed, official rate of exchange 4. equality of prices of goods or securities in two different markets parity : equivalent :: symbiosis : interdependent symbiosis ( ) parity inequality, incommensurateness commensurate, ;, parlance [pɑ rlәns] n., : IDIOM 1. a particular manner or speaking; idiom 2. speech, especially a conversation or parley parley,, gait : walk :: parlance : speak parley n., ;, a discussion or conference, especially one between enemies over terms of truce or other matters parochial [pәróukiәl] a. ;, 1. of, relating to, supported by, or located in a parish 2. narrowly restricted in scope or outlook; provincial parochial ecumenical ecumenical,, ; (ecumenical movement) parody [pǽrәdi] n. parody : style :: mime : gesture ode : poetry :: spoof : parody spoof ( ), paroxysm [pǽrәksìzәm] n. (, ) : OUTBURST : a sudden outburst of emotion or action paroxysm : sudden :: ruse : deceptive ruse, a crafty stratagem; a subterfuge subterfuge, a deceptive stratagem or device parquetry [pɑ rkitri] n. ( ) fresco : wall :: parquetry : floor (A decorate B) parquet : wood :: mosaic : glass parrot [pǽrәt] v. : to repeat or imitate, especially without understanding babble : sense :: parrot : originality (LACK) parry [pǽri] v., 1. to deflect or ward off (a fencing thrust, for example) 2. to deflect, evade, or avoid duty : shirk :: question : parry parry : question :: deflect : critic :: shirk : duty deflect, to turn aside or cause to turn aside; bend or deviate parse [pɑ rs] v. ; 1. to break (a sentence down) into its component parts of speech with an explanation of the form, function, and syntactical relationship of each part 2. to describe (a word) by stating its part of speech, form, and syntactical relationships in a sentence 3. to examine closely or subject to detailed analysis, especially by breaking up into components scan : metrical :: parse : grammatical specimen : dissect :: sentence : parse specimen ; dissect, ; / parsimony [pɑ rsәmòuni / -mәni] n. : THRIFT 1. unusual or excessive frugality; extreme economy or stinginess 2. adoption of the simplest assumption in the formulation of a theory or in the interpretation of data, especially in accordance with the rule of Ockham's razor craven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthrift craven, characterized by abject fear; cowardly curt : words :: parsimonious : resource curt, ;, miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal parsimonious : save :: prodigal : spend parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk skimp ; parsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawn peremptory, ;, parsimony : miser :: rebellious : insurgent insurgent rising in revolt against civil authority or a government in power parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride (A >> B) hubris, overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous (EQUAL) brat a child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one mischievous, ;, parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance (OPPOSITE) profligate, ;

parsimonious : liberal :: obtuse : keen (OPPOSITE) hidebound : innovation :: parsimonious : expenditure parsimony : frugality :: hubris : self-confidence (A >> B) largesse parsimony largesse <la:rdʒe s>, generosity of spirit or attitude parsimonious wasteful, liberal, profligate, prodigal, munificent, lavish, generous partial [p' :r : l] a., ; (biased), (unfair); 1. of, relating to, being or affecting only a part; not total; incomplete 2. favoring one person or side over another or others; biased or prejudiced 3. having a particular liking or fondness for something or someone partial dispassionate dispassionate ;, partiality [pɑ rʃiǽlәti] n.,, : BIAS 1. the state of being partial 2. favorable prejudice or bias 3. a special fondness; a predilection particularize [pәrtíkjәlәràiz] v. ; : SPECIFY 1. to mention, describe, or treat individually; itemize or specify 2. to make particular as opposed to general or universal illustrate : pictures :: particularize : details partisan [pɑ rtәzәn / pɑ rtizǽn] n., ;, 1. a fervent, sometimes militant supporter or proponent of a party, cause, faction, person, or idea wealth patina essential quality 2. a member of an organized body of fighters who attack or harass an enemy, especially within occupied territory; a patrician n., guerrilla base partician authoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisans allegiance, ; patriot [péitriәt, -ɑ t / pǽtriәt] n. patriot : country :: partisan : cause partisan : moderate :: rash : circumspect : one who loves, supports, and defends one's country patriot : country :: partisan : cause circumspect heedful of circumstances and potential consequences; prudent partition [p :rt'i : n] n., ; ; ; partition unity passionate [pǽʃәnit] a.,, ; 1. capable of, having, or dominated by powerful emotions 2. wrathful by temperament; choleric 3. marked by strong sexual desire; amorous or lustful 4. showing or expressing strong emotion; ardent 5. arising from or marked by passion pastiche [pæstí ʃ] n. ; (hodgepodge) pasticcio <pæstí:tʃou> = pastiche <pæstí:ʃ> 1. a dramatic, literary, or musical piece openly imitating the previous works of other artists, often with satirical intent 2. a pasticcio of incongruous parts; a hodgepodge pastiche original work patent [pǽtәnt, péit-] a. ;, : OBVIOUS, PLAIN 1. a. protected or conferred by a patent or letters patent b. of, relating to, or dealing in patents 2. obvious; plain abstruse, not evident, occult, recondite accessible, patent nuance patent difference occult bare, patent occult,, ; patent not evident, recondite, abstruse recondite ; pathogen [pǽɵәdʒәn] n. : an agent that causes disease, especially a living microorganism stimulation : arousal :: pathogen : diseasing pathology [pәɵɑĺәdʒi / -ɵɔĺ-] n. ; 1. the scientific study of the nature of disease and its causes, processes, development, and consequences 2. a departure or deviation from a normal condition stimulation : arousal :: pathogen : diseasing (A cause B) pathological normal patina [pǽtәnә] n. ( ) ; ( ), ( );, (?) 1. a thin greenish layer, usually basic copper sulfate, that forms on copper or copper alloys, such as bronze, as a result of corrosion 2. the sheen on any surface, produced by age and use 3. a change in appearance produced by long-standing behavior, practice, or use L the patina of wealth : the attractive or impressive appearance of patron [péitrәn] n., ; patron : support :: apologist : defend apologist,, patronize [péitrәnàiz, pǽt-] vt. / ;, ; 1. to act as a patron to; support or sponsor 2. to go to as a customer, especially on a regular basis 3. to treat in a condescending manner condescend ; condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (EQUAL) paucity [pɔ sәti] n., 1. smallness of number; fewness 2. scarcity; dearth paucity slew, profusion, plethora slew a large amount or number; a lot patchwork n. ; ; 1. needlework consisting of varicolored patches of material sewn together, as in a quilt 2. a collection of miscellaneous or incongruous parts; a jumble paunchy [pɔ ntʃi, pɑ ntʃi] a., : having a potbelly svelte paunchy and awkward svelte, ; slender or graceful in figure or outline; slim

pauper [pɔ pәr] n., 1. one who is extremely poor 2. one living on or eligible for public charity eligible,, pauper : ostracize :: ( ) pebble [pébәl] n. : a small usually rounded stone, especially one worn smooth by erosion droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide landslide ; ; peccadillo [pèkәdílou] n. : a small sin or fault glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error, sin, offense glitch, peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation (A << B) peccadillo : offense :: cameo : sculpture :: mishap : accident peccadillo : offense :: cameo : role peck [pek] v. ( ), ; : to kiss briefly and casually peck : kiss :: glance : look peck : kiss :: peep : sound peep ( ) to peek furtively; steal a quick glance pedagogue [pédәgɑ g, -gɔ g] n., ; 1. a schoolteacher; an educator 2. one who instructs in a pedantic or dogmatic manner stickler : exact :: pedagogue : indoctrinate indoctrinate, ( ) pedant [pédәnt] n. 1. one who pays undue attention to book learning and formal rules 2. one who exhibits one's learning or scholarship ostentatiously martinet : discipline :: pedant : learning mawkish : sentiment :: pedantic : scholarship mawkish ; ( ) scholarly : pedantic :: modest : prudish (A << B) prude moralistic : principled :: pedantic : learned (A >> B) moralistic ( ) marked by a narrow-minded morality outspoken : saucy : erudite : pedantic (A << B) saucy, erudition deep, extensive learning pedantic : scholar :: histrionic : actor histrionic, ; excessively dramatic or emotional; affected pedant : learning :: hack : writing hack, ( ) pedestal n. ( ), ;, ; 1. an architectural support or base, as for a column or statue 2. a support or foundation 3. a position of high regard or adoration pedestal : statue :: foundation : house predestine v., : to fix upon, decide, or decree in advance; foreordain predestine leave to chance pedestrian [pәdéstriәn] a. ;, : COMMONPLACE, UNIMAGINATIVE, ORDINARY 1. of, relating to, or made for pedestrians 2. going or performed on foot 3. undistinguished; ordinary pedestrian admirable, inspired, imaginative, uncommon, marvelous, rarefied pediatrics [p`i:d'ætiks] n. pediatrics : children :: dermatology : skin peep [pi p] v. ( ) 1. to utter short, soft, high-pitched sounds, like those of a baby bird 2. to speak in a hesitant, thin, high-pitched voice to peek furtively; steal a quick glance peck : kiss :: peep : sound peer [pi :r] n., ; 1. a person who has equal standing with another or others, as in rank, class, or age 2. a. a nobleman b. a man who holds a peerage by descent or appointment peer a subordinate person peerless [pi rlis] a., (matchless) : being such as to have no match; incomparable peerlessness equality peeve [pi v] v. : ANNOY to cause to be annoyed or resentful pontificating, patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (EQUAL) pontificate ; maudlin : sentimental :: peeved : annoyed (A >> B, A = B) ( ) maudlin effusively or tearfully sentimental peeved : annoy :: saturated : wet placate peeve peevish [pí viʃ] a., 1. a. querulous or discontented b. ill-tempered 2. contrary; fractious peevish good-natured, simple pejorative [pidʒɑŕәtiv,-dʒɔ r-, pédʒә-, pí dʒә-] a. ; : DEPRECIATORY 1. tending to make or become worse 2. disparaging; belittling pejorative laudatory, meliorative meliorate to make better; improve pelf [pelf] n., : wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly acquired pelf : impecunious :: experience : green pellucid pen [p l'u:sid] a. ; 1. admitting the passage of light; transparent or translucent 2. transparently clear in style or meaning venial : excuse :: pellucid : understand venial ;, easily excused or forgiven; pardonable murky pellucid, clear, limpid limpid, ; n. swan : pen :: sheep : ewe ewe 양의 암컷 penalty [pénәlti] n., 1. a punishment established by law or authority for a crime or an offense 2. something, especially a sum of money, required as a forfeit for an offense 3. the disadvantage or painful consequences resulting from

an action or a condition exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty exempt (, ) penchant [péntʃәnt] n., : LIKING : a definite liking; a strong and continued inclination penchant aversion, dislike penetrate [pénәtrèit] vt. impervious : penetrate :: ineluctable : avoid ineluctable, not to be avoided or escaped; inevitable knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable penitent [pénәtәnt] a., : REPENTANT : feeling or expressing remorse for one's misdeeds or sins penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous (OPPOSITE) penitent : remorse :: (EQUAL, 형 : 명) remorse moral anguish arising from repentance for past misdeeds; bitter regret rueful, contrite, remorseful impenitent rueful, rue, to feel regret, remorse, or sorrow for contrite ; pensive [pénsiv] a. ; 1. deeply, often wistfully or dreamily thoughtful 2. suggestive or expressive of melancholy thoughtfulness lamentable : pensive :: museful : ruminative (EQUAL) muse, ruminate ; penury [pénjәri] n. 1. extreme want or poverty; destitution 2. extreme dearth; barrenness or insufficiency frugal : penurious :: firm : obdurate (A << B) incognizance : knowledgeable :: penury : wealthy incognizant, lacking knowledge or awareness; unaware penury affluence, lavish penurious lavish, largesse pep [pep] n. : brisk energy or initiative and high spirits perambulate v., ; 1. to walk through 2. to inspect (an area) on foot foot : perambulate :; eye : observe perceptible [pәrséptәbәl] a. / ; capable of being perceived by the senses or the mind relevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious (A << B) parsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawn peremptory : dispute :: prohibitive : purchase (A prevent B) peremptory open to challenge perennial [pәréniәl] a., ;, ; 1. lasting or active through the year or through many years 2. a. lasting an indefinitely long time; enduring b. appearing again and again; recurrent perennial fleeting fleeting passing quickly; ephemeral perfervid [pә rfә rvid] a., : IMPASSIONED : extremely or extravagantly eager; impassioned or zealous perfervid impassive, tepid perfidy [pә rfәdi] n. ( ) : TREACHERY 1. deliberate breach of faith; calculated violation of trust; treachery 2. the act or an instance of treachery exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty (OPPOSITE) perfidious faithful, loyal, trustworthy perforate [pә rfәrèit] v. : to pierce, punch, or bore a hole or holes in; penetrate perforate : hole :: pleat : fold pleat perforate caulk caulk <kɔ:k> to make watertight or airtight by filling or sealing perfunctory [pә rfʌ ŋktәrәli] a., ;, 1. done routinely and with little interest or care 2. acting with indifference; showing little interest or care perfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : veneration insolent, perigee [pérәdʒì ] n. 1. the point in the orbit of an object (as a satellite) orbiting the earth that is nearest to the center of the earth 2. the point nearest a planet or a satellite (as the moon) reached by an object orbiting it - compare APOGEE perigee apogee peril [pérәl], ( ) ; 1. a. imminent danger b. exposure to the risk of harm or loss 2. something that endangers or involves risk peril security perilous [pérәlәs] a. : full of or involving peril; dangerous perdition [pәrdíʃәn] n. 1 a archaic : utter destruction b obsolete : LOSS 2 a. eternal damnation b. HELL perdition salvation peremptory [pәrémptәri, pérәmptɔ ri] a. 1. putting an end to all debate or action 2. not allowing contradiction or refusal; imperative 3. having the nature of or expressing a command; urgent 4. offensively self-assured; dictatorial peril [p'er l] n.,, : imminent danger; exposure to the risk of harm or loss perilous : danger :: impartial : mediator perimeter [pәrímitәr] n., 1. (mathematics) a. a closed curve bounding a plane area b. the length of such a boundary 2. the outer limits of an area 3. a fortified strip or boundary usually protecting a military position country : border :: circle : perimeter periodical n. ( ), 1. periodic 2.

a. published at regular intervals of more than one day b. of or relating to a publication issued at such intervals magazine : periodical :: mystery : fiction (A B) knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable opacity : light :: impermeability : fluid penetrate : impermeable :: change : immutable :: profane : inviolable inviolable, peripatetic [pèrәpәtétik] a. ;, : ITINERANT : walking about or from place to place; traveling on foot peripatetic stationary, rooted, sedentary 1. related to, located in, or constituting an outer boundary or periphery 2. perceived or perceiving near the outer edges of the retina 3. of minor relevance or importance 4. auxiliary immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center (OPPOSITE) immaterial, ;, crux peripheral element peripheral central, in essence, crucial periphery important part, core, center, central area perish [p'eri ] v. ;, 1. to die or be destroyed, especially in a violent or untimely manner 2. to pass from existence; disappear gradually perish survive perjure [p' :rd3 :r] v. : to render (oneself) guilty of perjury by deliberately testifying falsely under oath perjure depose depose / ; perjury [pә rdʒәri] n. ( ); 1. (law) the deliberate, willful giving of false, misleading, or incomplete testimony under oath 2. the breach of an oath or a promise oath : false swearing :: perjury : deposition (OPPOSITE) deposition, ;, ; calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony (OPPOSITE) calumny,, perjury truthful deposition, testimony deposition, ;, ( );, ; permanent [pә rmәnәnt] a., ; 1. lasting or remaining without essential change 2. not expected to change in status, condition, or place evanescent : permanence :: archaic : currency (OPPOSITE) archaic, ; ; heroic : craven :: erratic : permanent (OPPOSITE) erratic, ; opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience opportune ; transitory : permanence :: achromatic : hue extinction perpetuation, permanence interim, ephemeral, labile permanent, perpetual interim, an interval of time between one event, process, or period and another labile <léibàil> (changeable), (unstable);, transience permanence permeable [pә rmiәbәl] a. : PENETRABLE : that can be permeated or penetrated, especially by liquids or gasses waterproof permeable impermeable easily penetrated diaphanous impermeable of light permissive [pә rmísiv] a.,, ;, peripheral [pәrífәrәl] a. ;, ;, 1. granting or inclined to grant permission; tolerant or lenient 2. permitting discretion; optional pernicious [pә rníʃәs] a., ; : DEADLY a. tending to cause death or serious injury; deadly b. causing great harm; destructive pernicious : injure :: disingenuous : mislead disingenuous, not straightforward or candid; crafty pernicious salutary salutary,, perorate [pérәrèit] v. ; 1. to conclude a speech with a formal recapitulation 2. to speak at great length, often in a grandiloquent manner; declaim peroration : speech : coda : sonata perpetual [pәrpétʃuәl] a., : EVERLASTING 1. lasting for eternity 2. continuing or lasting for an indefinitely long time 3. instituted to be in effect or have tenure for an unlimited duration 4. continuing without interruption 5. flowering throughout the growing season constant : perpetuate :; transient : vanish (형 : 동) extinction perpetuation transitory, transient, ephemeral, intermittent permanent, perpetual transient, transitory existing or lasting only a short time; short-lived or temporary debunk perpetuate to sham debunk, perplex [pærpl'eks] v,, (entangle) 1. to confuse or trouble with uncertainty or doubt 2. to make confusedly intricate; complicate perplex clarify persecute [pә rsikjù t] vt., ;, 1. to oppress or harass with ill-treatment, especially because of race, religion, sexual orientation, or beliefs 2. to annoy persistently; bother persecute : injure :: haunt : remember (A >> B) haunt ; ( ) obsess ( ) to preoccupy the mind of excessively persevere [pә rsәvíәr] vi. (, ) : to persist in or remain constant to a purpose, an idea, or a task in the face of obstacles or discouragement obstinate : persevere :: tactless, insensitive : offend ( ) persevere give up perseverance cessation of effort persiflage [pә rsәflɑ ʒ, pɛ әrsiflɑ ʒ] n.,, ; 1. light good-natured talk; banter 2. light or frivolous manner of discussing a subject frivolous, ;

persiflage : incite :: exhortation : motivate exhortation, ;, persistence n., ;, ( ) persistence inconstancy, transience personable [pә rsәnәbәl] a. : ATTRACTIVE : pleasing in personality or appearance; attractive personable unattractive perspective [pә rspéktiv] n., ;,, 1. the technique of representing 3-D objects and depth relationships on a 2-D surface 2. a. a view or vista b. a mental view or outlook 3. the appearance of objects in depth as perceived by normal binocular vision 4. a. the relationship of aspects of a subject to each other and to a whole b. subjective evaluation of relative significance; a point of view c. the ability to perceive things in their actual nterrelations or comparative importance perspicacious [pә rspәkéiʃәs] a., : KEEN having or showing penetrating mental discernment; clearsighted perspicacity : dupe :: rectitude : corruptionist (OPPOSITE) rectitude,, perspicacious obtuse, undiscerned, dull, awkward, lack of discernment, lackluster perspicacity indiscernment 1.trim and stylish in appearance; jaunty 2. high-spirited; vivacious 3. impudently bold; saucy pertain [pәrtéin] v. ; 1. to have reference; relate 2. to belong as an adjunct, part, holding, or quality 3. to be fitting or suitable pertain be irrelevant pertinacious [pә rtәnéiʃәs] a., 1. holding tenaciously to a purpose, belief, opinion, or course of action 2. stubbornly or perversely persistent inexperience : green :: pertinacity : refractory pertinacious tractable, pliable, irresolute, capricious pertinacity vacillation pertinent [pә rtәnәnt] a., : having logical, precise relevance to the matter at hand pertinent : relevance :: redundant : superfluity immaterial pertinent, relevant immaterial, ;, pertinent irrelevant, immaterial pertinence lack of relevance perturb [pәrtә rb] vt., : DISQUIET 1. to disturb greatly; make uneasy or anxious 2. to throw into great confusion impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfy impassive, ;, ; voracious ; stoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfy avaricious ; immoderately desirous of wealth or gain; greedy perturb : serenity :: reassure : doubt perturbation serenity, equanimity equanimity, ; the quality of being calm and eventempered; composure peruse [p r'u:z] v. / ;, : to read or examine, typically with great care peruse : smattering :: stare : leer leer, peruse glance at pervade [pәrvéid] vt. : to be present throughout; permeate permeate ; to spread or flow throughout; pervade pervade avoid pervasive not widely distributed, narrowed pervasiveness limited distribution perverse a., ; ;, ; 1. directed away from what is right or good; perverted 2. obstinately persisting in an error or a fault; wrongly selfwilled or stubborn 3. a. marked by a disposition to oppose and contradict b. arising from such a disposition 4. cranky; peevish cranky ; ; pervert v., ; / perspicuous [pә rspәkjú әs] a., 1. to cause to turn away from what is right, proper, or good; : clearly expressed or presented; easy to understand perspicuous dull perspicuity opacity corrupt 2. to bring to a bad or worse condition; debase 3. to put to a wrong or improper use; misuse 4. to interpret incorrectly; misconstrue or distort pert [pә rt] a., ;(, ) pessimism [pésәmìzәm] n., 1. a tendency to stress the negative or unfavorable or to take the gloomiest possible view 2. the doctrine or belief that this is the worst of all possible worlds and that all things ultimately tend toward evil 3. the doctrine or belief that the evil in the world outweights the good pesticide [péstәsàid] n. : a chemical used to kill pests, especially insects insect : pesticide :: plant : herbicide herbicide (weed-killer) pestle [péstl] n. 1. a club-shaped, hand-held tool for grinding or mashing substances in a mortar 2. a large bar moved vertically to stamp or pound, as in a press or mill hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar awl : pierce :: pestle : hash awl <ɔ:l> pestle : grind :: flint stone : spark :: spice : flavor :: whetstone : sharpen :: spoon : stir flint petition [pitíʃәn] v. / : SOLICIT : to make a request, especially formally

minion : dependent :: groveler : petitionary minion, ; grovel, ; petrify v., ; ; 1. to convert (wood or other organic matter) into a stony replica by petrifaction 2. to cause to become stiff or stonelike; deaden 3. to stun or paralyze with terror; daze petrify : stone :: evaporate : vapor petrography [pitrɑǵrәfi / -trɔǵ-] n. : the description and classification of rocks petrography : rock :: mural : wall mural petty [péti] a., ; :MINOR, SUBORDINATE, SMALL-MINDED 1. of small importance; trivial 2. marked by narrowness of mind, ideas, or views 3. marked by meanness or lack of generosity, especially in trifling matters 4. secondary in importance or rank; subordinate petty : notice :: mysterious : explain (A = B하기 어려운) petulant [pétʃәlәnt] a.,, ; ; 1. unreasonably irritable or ill-tempered; peevish 2. contemptuous in speech or behavior peevish ;, phenomenal [finɑḿәnl / -nɔḿ-] a., : EXTRAORDINARY, REMARKABLE, OUTSTANDING 1. of, relating to, or constituting phenomena or a phenomenon 2. extraordinary; outstanding 3. (philosophy) known or derived through the senses rather than through the mind phenomenal ordinary, unexceptional, commonplace philanthropic [fìlәnɵrɑṕik / -ɵrɔṕ-] a., : HUMANITARIAN 1. of, relating to, or marked by philanthropy; humanitarian 2. organized to provide humanitarian or charitable assistance philanthropist : beneficence :: comedian : humor resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality :: philanthropic : mercy philanthropist : endow :: prevaricator : mislead philanthropist : eleemosynary :: eleemosynary <èlәmásәnèri>, philately n. / (stamp collecting) philatelist : stamps :: numismatist : coins numismatics <njù:mizmæ tiks> / pilot [páilәt] n., ( ) : HELMSMAN philistine [fílәstì n, filísti n, fílistàin] n. (, ), helmsman <he lmzmәn> a person who steers a ship pilot : ship :: conductor : orchestra dawdler : punctilious :: philistine : cultivated (OPPOSITE) dawdle,, pinch [pintʃ] n.,, (nip);, ; lackadaisical, ;, ;, punctilious, philistine aesthete aesthete, philosophical [fìlәsɑ fikәl / -sɔ f-] a. ;, 1. of, relating to, or based on a system of philosophy 2. characteristic of a philosopher, as in equanimity, enlightenment, and wisdom phlegmatic [flegmǽtik] a., ;, : IMPASSIVE having or suggesting a calm, sluggish temperament; unemotional intractable : manage :: phlegmatic : provoke (A = B하기 힘든) phlegmatic : arouse :: (A = B하기 힘든) phlegmatic unsettled, spirited, vivacious, sprightly, lively piddling [pídliŋ] a., : TRIVIAL, PALTRY : so trifling or trivial as to be beneath one's consideration paltry, ;, lacking in importance or worth; wretched or contemptible restive : calm :: piddling : considerable (OPPOSITE) restive, ;, piebald [p'aib'o:ld] a. : spotted or patched, especially in black and white piebald monotonous pied solid-colored pied, patchy in color; splotched or piebald pigment [pígmәnt] n. albino : pigment :: prairie : tree (LACK) albino <ælbáinou>, pigment : color :: spice : flavor pilfer [pílfәr] v., : to steal (a small amount or item) abscond : depart :: pilfer : take (DEFECTIVE) pillar [pílәr] n., ;, : POST 1. a. a slender, freestanding, vertical support; a column b. such a structure or one similar to it used for decoration 2. one who occupies a central or responsible position colonnade : pillar :: queue : person colonnade stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support stockade ; derelict pillar of society derelict ;, pillory [pílәri] v. ; 1. to expose to ridicule and abuse 2. to put in a pillory as punishment admonish : denounce :: punish : pillory (A << B) chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle (A << B) chide, to scold mildly so as to correct or improve; reprimand mollycoddle to be overprotective and indulgent toward pillory : ridicule :: guillotine : execute (A = B하기 위한 도구) pillory exalt, praise publicly exalt ( ) ; ; / 1. the act or an instance of pinching 2. an amount that can be held between thumb and forefinger 3. a painful, difficult, or straitened circumstance 4. an emergency situation pinch abundant amount pine [pain] vi., ( ) 1. to feel a lingering, often nostalgic desire 2. to wither or waste away from longing or grief

longing : pine :: remorse : rue remorse, moral anguish arising from repentance for past misdeeds; bitter regret rue, to feel regret, remorse, or sorrow for needle : pine :: leaf : oak pine show disinterest, become invigorated pinion [pínjәn] v. 1 a. to disable or restrain by binding the arms b. to bind fast : SHACKLE pinion emacipate pinnacle [pínәkәl] n. ;, 1. (architecture) a small turret or spire on a roof or buttress 2. a tall, pointed formation, such as a mountain peak 3. the highest pint; the culmination pinnacle nadir, lowest point nadir ; (, ), pinpoint [pínpɔìnt] n. ; 1. something extremely small or trifling 2. a very small or sharp point 3. a point on a map marking a precise location or target pinpoint approximation, exam cursorily, imprecision pinpoint colossal, crop, elephantine, enormous, gargantuan, prodigious, tremendous colossal <kәlásәl> (gigantic), gargantuan <ga:rgæ ntjuәn>, piquant [pí kәnt] a. ( ), ;, : SPICY 1. pleasantly pungent or tart in taste; spicy 2. a. appealingly provocative b. charming, interesting, or attractive piquant flat, vapid, insipid, pallid, balmy vapid ( ), ;,, pallid, pique [pi k] v., ; 1. to cause to feel resentment or indignation 2. to provoke; arouse 3. to pride (oneself) pique mollify pirate n. ; ; 1. a. one who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea without commission from a sovereign nation b. a ship used for this purpose 2. one who preys on others; a plunderer 3. one who makes use of or reproduces the work of another without authorization 4. one that operates an unlicensed, illegal television or radio station plunder / ; pirate : take :: forge : copy pitch [pit ] n. ;, ;, ; pitch : sound :: color : light pitfall [p'itf'o:l] n., 1. an unapparent source of trouble or danger; a hidden hazard 2. a concealed hole in the ground that serves as a trap pitfall safety pith [piɵ] n., : the essential or central part; the heart of essence pith unimportant point, superficial element, insignificant part pithy [píɵi] a., 1. precisely meaningful; forceful and brief 2. consisting of or resembling pith pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature pithy prolix, verbose, diffuse, wordy, insubstantial, insignificant prolix, circumlocution pithy utters pitiless [pítilis] a., : having no pity; merciless pitiless clement clement, ;, pittance [pítәns] n. ; 1. a meager monetary allowance, wage, or remuneration 2. a very small amount pittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream (A << B) rivulet, a small brook or stream; a streamlet pittance : money :: (A = small B) cornucopia, abundance, crop lack, pittance pixel n. image : pixel :: mosaic : tile placate [pléikeit, plǽk-] vt., : to allay the anger of, especially by making concessions; appease inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated inalienable that cannot be transferred to another or others propitiate, to conciliate (an offended power); appease irascible : placate :: insensate : conscious (OPPOSITE) irascible, galling placating gall ( ) ; placate peeve, rile, antagonize, disconcert, surprise, gall, foment, surprise peeve, to cause to be annoyed or resentful rile 1. to stir to anger 2. to stir up (liquid); roil disconcert, placebo [plәʧéibou] n. ; 1. a. (medicine) a substance containing no medication and prescribed or given to reinforce a patient's expectation to get well b. an inactive substance or preparation used as a control in an experiment or test to determine the effectiveness of a medicinal drug 2. something of no intrinsic remedial value that is used to appease or reassure another 3. (Roman Catholic Church) the service or office of vespers( ) for the dead placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous :: venom : toxious innocuous, ;, salve <sæv>, ; ; unctuous <ʌ ŋktʃuәs> ;, ( ) placebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista backdrop ; vista, ; ; ( ), ( ), placebo : innocuous :: venom : noxious venom ;, noxious, ;

placid [pl'æsid] a., ; (calm, tranquil, serene) 1. undisturbed by tumult or disorder; calm or quiet 2. satisfied; complacent placid disordered, chaotic, pell-mell pell-mell, ;, plagiarize [pléidʒiәràiz, -dʒjә-] v., 1. to use and pass off as one's own (the ideas or writings of another) 2. to appropriate for use as one's own passages or ideas from (another) plagiarism : ideas :: rustling : cattle :: forgery : document rustle, ; ; plainspoken [pleinspóukәn] a. ; : frank; straightforward; blunt feigned plainspoken plangent [plǽndʒәnt] a. ; 1. loud and resounding 2. expressing or suggesting sadness; plaintive plaintive, expressing sorrow; mournful or melancholy plangent muffled plantation [plænt'ei : n] n., ; 1. an area under cultivation 2. a group of cultivated trees or plants 3. a large estate or farm on which crops are raised, often by resident workers 4. a newly established settlement; a colony plantation : tobacco :: media : bacteria plasticity n., plasticity rigidity plateau [plæt'ou] n., ; 1. an elevated, comparatively level expanse of land; a tableland 2. a relatively stable level, period, or state plateau : change :: respite : activity (LACK) platitude [plǽtәtjù d] n. ;, 1. a trite or banal remark or statement, especially one expressed as if it were original or significant 2. lack of originality; triteness postulate : presumed :: platitude : banal (EQUAL) postulate ; equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal platitude original observation plaudit [plɔ dәt] n. ( );, : enthusiastic expression of praise or approval plaudit disapprobation plausible [plɔ zәbәl] a. 1. seemingly or apparently valid, likely, or acceptable; credible 2. giving a deceptive impression of truth, acceptability, or reliability; specious realist : plausible :: leadership : subordinate (OPPOSITE) rationalization : plausible :: obfuscation : indiscernible ( ) implausible believable pleat n. : a fold in cloth made by doubling the material upon itself and then pressing or stitching it into place perforate : hole :: pleat : fold plenitude n., ; 1. an ample amount or quantity; an abundance 2. the condition of being full, ample, or complete plenitude dearth pleonasm [plí әnæ zәm] n. / / : the use of more words than those necessary to denote mere sense (as in the man he said) : REDUNDANCY pleonasm <> succintness plethora [pléɵәrә], : a superabundance; an excess plethora dearth, shortage, paucity, scarcity, scantiness pliable [pl'ai b: l] a., ;, 1. easily bent or shaped 2. receptive to change; adaptable 3. easily influenced, persuaded, or swayed; tractable pliable : influenced :: censorious : condemnatory (A = easily B) censorious, highly critical; expressing censure condemnatory ;, pliable : inflexible :: static : move pliable rigid, difficult to crumble, pertinacious pliant [pláiәnt] a., ; 1. easily bent or flexed; pliable 2. easily altered or modified to fit conditions; adaptable 3. yielding readily to influence or domination; compliant pliant : influence :: ticklish : offend, offend ticklish ;, pliant : indomitable :: modular : differentiated (OPPOSITE) indomitable incapable of being overcome, subdued, or vanquished; unconquerable modular ( ) pliant : yield :: evanescent : disappear pliant unyielding, mulish. obdurate, obstinate, intransigent, intractable, incorrigible, unbending, rigid plight [plait] n., ;, : a situation, especially a bad or unfortunate one plight favorable condition plod [plɑd / plɔd] v. ; 1. to move or walk heavily or laboriously; trudge 2. to work or act perseveringly or monotonously; drudge drudge to do tedious, unpleasant, or menial work plod flit flit, to move about rapidly and nimbly nimble, ;, plodding easy and light, meteoric plot [plɑt / plɔt] v., ;, cabal : association :: plot : plan cabal <kәbæ l> ; joke : punch line :: plot : denouement choreography : dance :: plot : story (A = B를 구성) follow : shadow :: plot : scheme (DEFECTIVE) taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit (A = B ::??) ( ) taunt, to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or contemptuous manner outwit to surpass in cleverness or cunning; outsmart infiltrate : enter :: plot : plan (DEFECTIVE) infiltrate, plot : plan :: inveigle : interest inveigle, ( )

cajole to urge with gentle and repeated appeals, teasing, or flattery; wheedle wheedle, pluck [plʌk] v.,, n., ; v. 1. to remove or detach by grasping and pulling abruptly with the fingers; pick 2. to pull out the hair or feathers of plutocracy [plu:t' kr si] 3. to remove abruptly or forcibly 4. to give an abrupt pull to plutocracy : wealth :: gerontocracy : age gerontocracy, n. 1. resourceful courage and daring in the face of difficulties; spirit podiatry n. pluck : quit :: pride : grovel (A하면 B하기 어렵다) podiatrist : feet :: dermatologist : skin grovel, ; horn : blow :: harp : pluck(잡아 뜯다) podium [póudiәm] pluck cowardice, coward, spinelessness pluck insert plucky craven plucky,, having or showing courage and spirit in trying circumstances plumage [pl'u:mid3] n. ( ) ;, 1. the covering of feathers on a bird 2. feathers used ornamentally 3. elaborate dress; finery plumb [plʌm] vt., 1. to determine the depth of with a plumb; sound 2. to test the verticality or alignment of with a plumb 3. to straighten or make perpendicular 4. to examine closely or deeply; probe assess : value :: plumb : depth :: verify : accuracy assess <әse s> ( ) to estimate the value of (property) for taxation plumb : depth :: measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter :: verify : accuracy plumb : depth :: survey : poll :: gauge : pressure (gauge는 압력과 직 접적인 관련이 없음) ( ) unplumbed : depth :: vagary : prediction unplumbed (unfathomed) vagary an extravagant or erratic notion or action plumb examine cursorily/superficially plumb horizontal plummet [plʌḿit] v. ; 1. to fall straight down 2. to decline suddenly and steeply fall, descend : plummet :: move : dart (A << B) dart, to move suddenly and rapidly plummet : fall :: swerve : turn swerve, to turn aside or be turned aside from a straight course waft : plummet :: meander : dash (OPPOSITE) waft ( ) to cause to go gently and smoothly through the air or over water plummet : ascend :: (OPPOSITE) plummet : descent :: meteor : rising (meteor에는 rising의 의미가 없 음) ( ) meteor <mí:tiәr>, ; plummet ascend, rise sharply/sharply plurality [pluәrǽlәti] n., 1. the state or fact of being plural 2. a large number or amount; a multitude plurality rarity n. ;, 1. government by the wealthy 2. a wealthy class that controls a government 3. a government or state in which the wealthy rule n. / 1 : a low wall serving as a foundation or terrace wall: as a : one around the arena of an ancient amphitheater serving as a base for the tiers of seats b : the masonry under the stylobate of a temple 2 a : a dais especially for an orchestral conductor b : LECTERN polarize [póulәràiz] v. ; 1. to induce polarization in; impart polarity to 2. to cause to concentrate about two conflicting or contrasting positions polarize make compatible, unify, coalesce coalesce,, polemic [pәlémik, pou-] n., ; 1. a controversial argument, especially one refuting or attacking a specific opinion or doctrine 2. a person engaged in or inclined to controversy, argument, or refutation polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive invective,, polemical compromising, conciliatory conciliate, ; polish [pɑĺiʃ / pɔĺ-] v., ; ; / 1. to make smooth and shiny by rubbing or chemical action 2. to remove the outer layers from(grains of rice) by rotation in drums 3. to free from coarseness; refine 4. to remove flaws from; perfect or complete rustic, untutored, gauche polished rustic ;, ;,, gauche, ;, lacking social polish; tactless politic [pɑĺitik / pɔĺ-] a., ;, ;, 1. using or marked by prudence, expedience, and shrewdness; artful 2. using, displaying, or proceeding from policy; judicious 3. crafty; cunning politic : offend :: aloof : associate politic unsophisticated, injudicious, officious officious, plump [plʌmp] a., ; 1. well-rounded and full in form; chubby 2. abundant; ample svelte plump svelte, ; slender or graceful in figure or outline; slim pollster [póulstәr] n. : one that takes public-opinion surveys; polltaker exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass exponent ; one that speaks for, represents, or advocates advocate / to speak, plead, or argue in favor of canvass ; ;

pollyanna [pɑ liǽnә / pɔ l-] n. : a person regarded as being foolishly or blindly optimistic pore [pɔ r] n., pore : membrane :: door : room pompous [pɑḿpәs / pɔḿ-] a., ;, 1. characterized by excessive self-esteem or exaggerated dignity; pretentious 2. full of high-sounding phrases; bombastic nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast :: exaggerated : hyperbole bombast, grandiloquent, pompous speech or writing pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless scoff, to mock at or treat with derision bluster ; prate to talk idly and at length; chatter ponderable [p' nd: r b: l] a. ;, : considerable enough to be weighted or assessed; appreciable ponderable inappreciable ponderous [pɑńdәrәs / pɔń-] a. ;, 1. having great weight 2. unwieldy from weight or bulk 3. lacking grace or fluency; labored and dull ponderous ethereal, gossamer, lively, slight ethereal <iθíәriәl>, ;, ; ponderous vibrant, briskly, graceful and light, frisky vibrant, ; ( ) ;, brisk, ; frisky, energetic, lively, and playful porcelain [pɔ rsәlin] n. clay : porcelain :: flax : linen (재료) glaze : porcelain :: varnish : wood :: veneer : furniture glaze ;, veneer <vәníәr> ;, porous [pɔ rәs] a. ;, 1. full of or having pores 2. admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices 3. easily crossed or penetrated fragile : break :: porous : penetrate porous : liquid :: transparent : light porous impenetrable portent n. ( ), ; / 1. an indication of something important or calamitous about to occur; an omen 2. prophetic or threatening significance 3. something amazing or marvelous; a prodigy portentous [pɔ rténtәs] a., ;, 1. of the nature of or constituting a portent; foreboding 2. full of unspecifiable significance; exciting wonder and awe portentous regular, insipid, insignificant portfolio [po:rtf'ouli'ou] n. ; 1. a. a portable case for holding material, such as loose papers, photographs, or drawings, b. the materials collected in such a case, especially when representative of a person's work 2. the office or post of a cabinet member or minister of state, 3. a group of investments portfolio : securities :: dossier : reports security, ;, ;, ;, ; (stocks and bonds) dossier pontificate [pɑntífikèit / pɔn-] v., ; portrait [pɔ rtrit, -treit] n. 1. to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic way 2. to administer the office of a pontiff portrait : painting :: jazz : music :: biography : history portrait : person :: seascape : ocean seascape / a view or picture of the sea dogma, ;, ; pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : poseur [pouzә r] n. loud :: prate: aimless scoff,, an expression of derision or scorn bluster ; prate, to talk idly and at length; chatter pontificate : speak :: strut, swagger : walk strut to walk with pompous bearing; swagger : one who affects a particular attitude, character, or manner to impress others poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness (LACK) stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected stickler ; ( ) derelict, ;, poseur sincere person swagger ; pontificating : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (EQUAL) peeve, to cause to be annoyed or posit [pɑźit / pɔź-] v., ; : POSTULATE resentful pontificate : dogmatic :: swagger : rodomontade rodomontade, pretentious boasting or bragging; bluster 1. to affirm or assume the existence of; postulate 2. to put forward, as for consideration or study; suggest 3. to place firmly in position posit, postulate deny as false swagger ; pontificate comment tentatively, suggest diffidently, speak posterity [pɑstérәti / pɔs-] n., 1. future generations tentatively, speak modestly tentative, ;, 2. all of a person's descendants diffident, ;, pontifical humble, meek meek, ;, postulate [pɑśtʃәlèit / pɔś-] v. ; 1. to make claim for; demand 2. to assume or assert the truth, reality, or necessity of, especially as a basis of an argument 3. to assume as a premise or axiom; take for granted postulate : presumed :: platitude : banal (CHARACTER) postulate deny as false

posture [pɑśtʃәr /pɔś-] v. ; prate : speak :: saunter : walk 1. to assume an exaggerated or unnatural pose or mental attitude; attitudinize 2. to assume a pose attitudinize / to assume an affected attitude; posture posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant posture behave naturally pot [pɑt / pɔt] n., ; lobster : pot :: (B = A를 잡는 도구) potable [póutәbәl] a. : DRINKABLE : fit to drink water : potable :: meat : edible potable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling habitable, suitable to ive in or on; inhabitable potable undrinkable potboiler n. ( ) / : a literary or artistic work of poor quality, produced quickly for profit doggerel : verse :: potboiler : article potentate [póutәntèit] n., ;, 1. one who has the power and position to rule over others; a monarch 2. one who dominate or leads a group or an endeavor virtuoso : skill :: potentate : power (A have B) potentate subject, powerless person subject,, ; ; potentiate [pouténʃièit] v., 1. to make potent or powerful 2. to enhance or increase the effect of (a drug) 3. to promote or strengthen (a biochemical or physiological action or effect) deactivate potentiate pout [paut] v., ; ( ) : SULK 1. to exhibit displeasure or disappointment; sulk 2. to protrude the lips in an expression of displeasure or sulkiness sulk, to be sullenly aloof or withdrawn, as in silent resentment or protest sullen, ;, wince : pain :: smile : pleasure :: pout : displeasure :: sneer : preempt : precedence :: acquire : possession preempt ; ( ) unique : precedent :: unexceptionable : oppose :: infinite : end unexceptionable : opposition :: unique : precedent unexceptionable, beyond any reasonable objection; irreproachable simpleton : precedent :: turncoat : constancy (LACK) ( ) contempt wince, to shrink or start involuntarily, as in precipice [présәpis] n., ;, pain or distress pout grin grin to draw back the lips and bare the teeth, as in mirth or good humor mirth, gladness and gaiety, especially when expressed by laughter prairie [prɛ әri] n. ( ) : an extensive area of flat or rolling, predominantly treeless grassland, especially the large tract or plain of central North America albino : pigment :: prairie : tree albino <ælbáinou>, saunter to walk at a leisurely pace; stroll preach [pri tʃ] v., ; 1. to proclaim or put forth in a sermon 2. to advocate, especially to urge acceptance of or compliance with 3. to deliver (a sermon) nitpicker : criticism :: preacher : sermon :: quibbler : cavil nitpick to be concerned with or find fault with insignificant details preamble [pr'i:'æb: l] n.,, 1. a preliminary statement, especially the introduction to a formal document that serves to explain its purpose 2. an introductory occurrence or fact; a preliminary precarious [prikɛ әriәs] a., ; ; 1. dangerously lacking in security or stability 2. subject to chance or unknown conditions 3. based on uncertain, unwarranted, or unproved premises precarious : stability :: spent : efficacy (A lack B) spent ; ; ( ) efficacy, ( ) power or capacity to produce a desired effect; effectiveness impervious : penetrable :: precarious : stable precarious stable, safe, secure, firmly grounded precaution 1. an action taken in advance to protect against possible danger or failure; a safeguard 2. caution practiced in advance; forethought or circumspection precedent [présәdәnt] n. a. n. 1. a. an act or instance that may be used as an example in dealing with subsequent similar instances b. (law) a judicial decision that may be used as a standard in subsequent similar cases 2. convention or custom arising from long practice 1. an overhanging or extremely steep mass of rock, such as a crag or the face of a cliff 2. the brink of a dangerous or disastrous situation precipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness defile v., ;, n. /, precipitous level level, precipitant a. ; n. n. a substance that causes a precipitate to form when it is added to a solution solvent precipitant prate [preit] vi. : CHATTER : to talk idly and at length pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless scoff, to mock at or treat with derision precipitate [prisípәtèit] v. ; 1. to throw from or as if from a great height; hurl downward 2. to cause to happen, especially suddenly or prematurely

precipitate retard, dilatory, deliberate obtain the right to buy before others preempt : precedence :: acquire : possession precipitation [prisìpәtéiʃәn] n., ;, ;, snow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone (?? :: A B) ( ) preen 1. [pri n] v. ( ), ; : PRIMP precipitous [prisípәtәs] a., ; a. to smooth or clean (feathers) with the beak or bill 1. resembling a precipice; extremely steep 2. having several precipices 3. extremely rapid, hasty, or abrupt; precipitate precipice, ; plateau : precipitous :: (OPPOSITE) plateau <plætóu> ; a relatively stable level, period, or state precipitous level, gradually sloping, slope slowly b. to trim or clean (fur) with the tongue, as cats do 2. to dress or groom (oneself) with elaborate care; primp 3. to take pride or satisfaction in (oneself); gloat preen : self-satisfaction :: fume : anger (A = B를 보이다) fume (, ) ;, ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub dissemble, raffish,,, preclude [priklú d] v., : PREVENT 1. to make impossible, as by action taken in advance; prevent 2. to exclude or prevent (someone0 from a given condition or activity preclude to make possible, enclose precocity [prikɑśәti / -kɔś-] n. 1. exceptionally early in development or occurrence 2. exhibiting mature qualities at an unusually early age precursor [prikә rsәr, prí kә r-] n. ; 1. one that precedes and indicates, suggests, or announces someone or something to come 2. one that precedes another; a forerunner or predecessor precursory derivative precursor sequel, sequela sequel <sí:kwәl>, ;, sequela <sikwí:lә> predecessor [prédisèsәr, - -- - / prí disèsәr ] n. ; 1. one who precedes another in time, especially in holding an office or a position 2. something that has been succeeded by another legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor predestine [pridéstin] v. 1. to fix upon, decide, or decree in advance; foreordain 2. (theology) to foreordain or elect by divine will or decree foreordain <fɔ :rɔ:rde in> to determine or appoint beforehand; predestine predestine leave to chance predilection [prì dәlékʃәn, prèd-] n. : a partiality or disposition in favor of something; a preference predilection propensity to dislike propensity, an innate inclination; a tendency snub ; miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine preen ruffle, rumple ruffle,, ;, rumple to wrinkle or form into folds or creases preface [préfis] n. 1. a. a preliminary statement or essay introducing a book that explains its scope, intention, or background and is usually written by the author b. an introductory section, as of a speech 2. something introductory; a preliminary preface : book :: overture : symphony preface epilogue prefatory conclusive prefigure [pri fígjәr] v., 1. to suggest, indicate, or represent by an antecedent form or model; presage or foreshadow 2. to imagine or picture to oneself in advance prefiguration derivative pregnant [prégnәnt] a. ;,, ; : INVENTIVE 1. carrying developing offspring within the body 2. a. weighty or significant; full of meaning b. of great or potentially great import, implication, or moment 3. filled or fraught; replete 4. having a profusion of ideas; creative or inventive 5. producing results; fruitful fraught,... replete, ; inane expressive, meaningful, pregnant, significant, weighty inane, ;, lacking sense or substance; empty preeminent [priémәnәnt] a., :OUTSTANDING : superior to or notable above all others preeminence : importance :: preponderance : weight preponderance, superiority in weight, force, importance, or influence efface bring to preeminent preeminent negligible preempt [priémpt] v. ; ( ) 1. to appropriate, seize, or take for oneself before others 2. a. to take the place of; displace b. to have precedence or predominance over 3. to gain possession of by prior right or opportunity, especially to settle on (public land) so as to prehensile [prihénsil, -sail] adj. prehensile unable to grasp prejudice 1. a. an adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge or examination of the facts b. a preconceived preference or idea 2. the act or state of holding unreasonable preconceived judgments or convictions 3. irrational suspicion or hatred of a particular group, race, or religion 4. detriment or injury caused to a person by the preconceived, unfavorable conviction of another or others

prejudiced disinterested preliminary [prilímәnèri / -nәri] a.,, : prior to or preparing for the main matter, action, or business; introductory or prefatory premeditated [pri médәtèitid] a. : characterized by deliberate purpose, previous consideration, and some degree of planning offhand premeditated spontaneous premeditate premonition n., 1. a presentiment of the future; a foreboding 2. a warning in advance; a forewarning prepossessing [prì pәzésiŋ] a. : ATTRACTIVE : serving to impress favorably; pleasing unprepossessing entrancing, winsome entrancing entrance n., v., trance, ;, winsome, ; charming, often in a childlike or naive way prescience [préʃiәns, prí -] n., : knowledge of actions or events before they occur; foresight dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict prescience : future :: erudition : esoteric prescience myopia myopia ;, prescription [priskrípʃәn] n. overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention indiscretion,, presentiment [prizéntәmәnt] n., : PREMONITION : a sense that something is about to occur; a premonition premonition, preservative [prizә rvәtiv] n. preoccupation [pri:' kj p'ei : n] n., ;, censorship : communication :: preservative : decay :: seal : leakage 1. the state of being preoccupied; absorption of the preservative : decay :: anchor : drift, shift attention or intellect 2. something that preoccupies or engrosses the mind press v. ; (iron); / ; 3. occupation of a place in advance; preoccupancy press withdrawal preoccupation unconcern prestige [prestí dʒ, préstidʒ] n., ;, preponderant [pripɑńdәrәnt / -pɔń-] a., 1. the level of respect at which one is regarded by others; : having superior weight, force, importance, or influence preeminence : importance :: preponderance : weight preeminent, superior to or notable above all others; outstanding preponderant commensurate, secondary, subordinate, unimportant, standing 2. a person's high standing among others; honor or esteem 3. widely recognized prominence, distinction, or importance eclipse : prestige :: enfeeble : vigor abase : prestige :: damp : ardor subsidiary, concomitant commensurate, ; ;, presumptuous [prizʌḿptʃuәs] a., subsidiary, ; ; concomitant ; occurring or existing concurrently; attendant : going beyond what is right or proper; excessively forward transgression : morality :: presumption : propriety transgress (, ) ; ( ) presumptuous : unruly :: unruly, difficult or impossible to discipline, control, or rule presumptuous humble pretend v., ; 1. to give a false appearance of; feign 2. to claim or allege insincerely or falsely; profess 3. to represent fictitiously in play; make believe 4. to take upon oneself; venture pretentious unaffected, unassuming preposterous [pripɑśtәrәs / -pɔś-] a., : contrary to nature, reason. or common sense; absurd pretense [priténs] n., ;, preposterous commonsensical pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove prerogative n., ; ( ) 1. an exclusive right or privilege held by a person or group, especially a hereditary or official right 2. the exclusive right and power to command, decide, rule, or judge 3. a natural gift or advantage that confers superiority 4. characteristic superiority; preeminence presage [présidʒ, priséidʒ] n., ;, : FORETELL, PREDICT 1. an indication or a warning of a future occurrence; an omen 2. a feeling or an intuition of what is going to occur; a presentiment 3. prophetic significance or meaning harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify harbinger ;, one that indicates or foreshadows what is to come; a forerunner archetype,, preternatural [prì tәrnǽtʃәrәl] a., 1. out of or being beyond the normal course of nature; differing from the natural 2. surpassing the normal or usual; extraordinary 3. transcending the natural or material order; supernatural preternatural ordinary, prosaic prevail [privéil] vi., ; : TRIUMPH 1. to be greater in strength or influence; triumph 2. to be or become effective; win out 3. to be most common or frequent; be predominant 4. to be in force, use, or effect; be current prevail yield prevalent [prévәlәnt] a., : widely or commonly occurring, existing, accepted, or practiced prevalent unusual, absent prevalence absence

prevaricate [privǽrәkèit] vi. : EQUIVOCATE : to stray from or evade the truth blandishment : coax :: prevarication : deceive equivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth prevaricator : mislead :: philanthropist : endow prevaricate : candid :: prevarication veracity veracity ;, privilege [prívәlidʒ] n. : PREROGATIVE prickly [príkli] a. ;, ; prerogative, ; ( ) 1. having prickles 2. marked by prickling or tingling or smarting 3. a. causing trouble or vexation; thorny b. bristling or irritable prickly smooth prime [praim] a.,, ;, ;, 1. first in excellence, quality, or value 2. first in degree or rank; chief 3. first or early in time, order, or sequence; original prime uninitial primordial [praimɔ rdiәl] a., 1. being or happening first in sequence of time; original 2. primary or fundamental primordial most recent prim [prim] adj. prim improper/informal prime [praim] adj/n. / : first or early in time, order, or sequence; original prime uninitial primp [primp] v. : to dress or groom (oneself) with meticulous or excessive attention to detail primp : vain :: gloat : smug gloat to feel or express great, often malicious, pleasure or self-satisfaction smug, ;, principal [prínsәpәl] a., : CHIEF 1. first, highest, or foremost in importance, rank, worth, or degree; chief 2. of, relating to, or being financial principal, or a principal in a financial transaction principal subordinate prissy [prísi] a., : FINICKY : excessively or affectedly prim and proper pristine [prísti n, -tain] a., ;, : PURE 1. a. remaining in a pure state; uncorrupted by civilization b. remaining free from dirt or decay; clean 2. of, relating to, or typical of the earliest time or condition; primitive or original pristine : decay :: stable : fluctuation :: still : movement demanding : satisfactory :: adulterate : pristine :: dismantle : unity (OPPOSITE) pristine : blemish :: blemish to mar or impair by a flaw pristine tainted, squalid, contaminated, corrupted by civilization, decayed taint, ;, ;, to become affected with decay or putrefaction; spoil squalid, ; privation [praiv'ei n] n., ;, 1. a. lack of the basic necessities or comforts of life b. the condition resulting from such lack 2. an act, condition, or result of deprivation or loss privation repletion repletion,, probe [proub] v. 1. to explore with or as if with a probe 2. to delve into; investigate cavil : criticize :: probe : investigate (A >> B) cavil to find fault unnecessarily; raise trivial objections probity [próubәti, prɑ b-] n., : complete and confirmed integrity; uprightness probity unscrupulousness, shiftiness scrupulous, ;, shifty, ;, ; proclivity [prouklívәti] n. : a natural propensity or inclination; predisposition proclivity aversion, antipathy, disinclination procrastinate [proukrǽstәnèit] v., : to put off doing something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness dilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complain malcontent, dissatisfied with existing conditions husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate (OPPOSITE) husbandry,, ;, procrastination diligence procure [proukjúәr, prә-] vt. : to get by special effort; obtain or acquire 1. to get by special effort; obtain or acquire 2. to bring about; effect 3. to obtain for another (a person) for sex acts procure relinquish prod [prɑd / prɔd] vt. ;, : STIR 1. to jab or poke, as with a pointed object 2. to goad to action; incite doze : sleepiness :: nudge : prod doze, nudge ; rein prod rein ;, ;, prodigal [prɑ digәl / prɔ d-] a. : LAVISH 1. rashly or wastefully extravagant 2. marked by rash or wasteful extravagance 3. giving or given in abundance; lavish or profuse generosity : prodigality :: courage : rashness mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance mean, ( ) ; ;, ;, meek ;, miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal parsimonious : save :: prodigal : spend (A >> B) parsimonious ( ) excessively sparing or frugal

prodigality : spending :: gluttony : eating husbandry, penury prodigality frugal, parsimonious prodigal prodigious [pr d'id3 s] a., (enormous);, 1. impressively great in size, force, or extent; enormous 2. extraordinary; marvelous prodigious slight prodigy [prɑ dәdʒi / prɔ d-] n., ; / 1. a person with exceptional talents or powers 2. an act or event so extraordinary or rare as to inspire wonder 3. a portentous sign or event; an omen prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence mediocrity : prodigy :: (OPPOSITE) mediocrity, ; ( ) mediocre moderate to inferior in quality; ordinary prodigious : amaze :: profane [prәféin, prou-] v. ; / : DESECRATE 1. to treat with irreverence 2. to put to an improper, unworthy, or degrading use; abuse pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolable :: change : immutable (OPPOSITE) inviolable, secure from violation or profanation inviolable, unviolated, treat reverently profane, impure 1. smallness of number; fewness 2. scarcity; dearth scanty ; barely sufficient or adequate; insufficient, as in extent or degree prohibitive [prouhíbәtiv] a. ; ( ) 1. prohibiting; forbidding 2. so high or burdensome as to discourage purchase or use 3. so likely to win as to discourage competition veto : prohibitive :: overture : introductory (CHARACTER) prohibitive : purchase :: peremptory : dispute peremptory, ;, projection [pr d3'ekt n] n., ; ;, projection concavity proliferate [proulífәrèit] v. ; 1. to grow or multiply by rapidly producing new tissue, parts, cells, or offspring 2. to increase or spread at a rapid rate proliferate dwindle, decrease in mount dwindle to become gradually less until little remains prolific barren prolix [proulíks] a., 1. tediously prolonged; wordy 2. tending to speak or write at excessive length aphorism : prolix :: euphemism : offensive concise, pithy, succinct, taciturn, terse prolix prolixity succinctness, conciseness, extreme brevity, rereness proffer [prɑ fәr / prɔ fәr] v. : TENDER, OFFER : to offer for acceptance; tender tender to offer formally proffer retain, withhold proficient [prәfíʃәnt] a. : having or marked by an advanced degree of competence, as in an art, vocation, profession, or branch of learning proficient inept, incompetent profligate [prɑ fligit, -gèit / prɔ f-] a., : PRODIGAL 1. given over to dissipation; dissolute 2. recklessly wasteful; wildly extravagant profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed committed ( ) loquacious, garrulous : words :: profligate : money parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance profligate parsimonious, frugal, economical, thrift, economized, provident provident, temperance profligacy profundity [pr f' nd ti] 1. great depth 2. depth of intellect, feeling, or meaning 3. something profound or abstruse profundity superficiality n., ;, ; (abyss) profuse [pr fj'u:s] a. 1. plentiful; copious 2. giving or given freely and abundantly; extravagant profusion [prәfjú ʒәn] n. ; 1. the state of being profuse; abundance 2. lavish or unrestrained expense; extravagance 3. a profuse outpouring or quantity profusion paucity, scanty, skimpy paucity ;, prologue [pr'oulo:g] v., ;, 1. an introduction or a preface, especially a poem recited to introduce a play 2. an introduction or introductory chapter, as to a novel 3. an introductory act, event, or period prologue : novel :: preamble : statue prologue epilogue prolong [proulɔ ŋ, -lɑ ŋ] vt. 1. to lengthen in duration; protract 2. to lengthen in extent prolong truncate prominent [prɑḿәnәnt / prɔḿ-] a. ; ;, : CONSPICUOUS 1. projecting outward or upward from a line or surface; protuberant 2. immediately noticeable; conspicuous 3. widely known; eminent prominent : notice :: lucid : understand eclipse make more prominent, bring to more prominent prominent inconspicuous promote [prәmóut] vt., : FURTHER 1. a. to raise to a more important or responsible job or rank b. to advance (a student) to the next higher grade 2. to contribute to the progress or growth of; further 3. to urge the adoption of; advocate 4. to attempt to sell or popularize by advertising or publicity 5. to help to establish or organize (a new enterprise), as by securing financial backing abate intensify, promote subside promote promulgate [prɑḿәlgèit, proumʌĺgeit / prɔḿәlgèit] v. 1. to make known (a decree, for example) by public declaration; announce officially 2. to put (a law) into effect by formal public announcement

promulgate keep secrete proofread v. : to read (copy or proof) in order to find errors and mark corrections diagnose : treat :: proofread : correct propagate [prɑṕәgèit / prɔṕ-] vt. ;, : EXTEND 1. to cause (an organism) to multiply or breed 2. to breed (offspring) 3. to transmit (characteristics) from one generation to another 4. to cause to extend to a broader area or larger number; spread 5. to make widely known; publicize propagate check, fail to multiply propagation extirpation extirpate,, propensity [prәpénsәti] n. : an innate inclination; a tendency propensity aversion prophecy n. ( ); ( ) 1. a. an inspired utterance of a prophet, viewed as a revelation of divine will b. a prediction of the future, made under divine inspiration c. such an inspired message or prediction transmitted orally or in writing 2. the vocation or condition of a prophet 3. a prediction prophetic [prәfétik] a., : PREDICTIVE apocalyptic : prophetic :: inconsequential : illogical mentor : guidance :: oracle : prophecy prophylactic [pròufәlǽktik, prɑ f- / prɔ f-] adj. 1 : guarding from or preventing the spread or occurrence of disease or infection 2 : tending to prevent or ward off : PREVENTIVE prophylactic <> causing prolific [pr l'ifik] a., ; 1. producing offspring or fruit in great abundance; fertile 2. producing abundant works or results propitiate [prәpíʃièit] vt., : APPEASE, CONCILIATE : to conciliate (an offended power); appease immutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated (OPPOSITE) inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated inalienable that cannot be transferred to another or others propitiate incense, antagonize, denounce, arouse hostility incense to cause to be extremely angry; infuriate propitious [prәpíʃәs] a., : BENEVOLENT 1. presenting favorable circumstances; auspicious 2. kindly; gracious unfavorable, inauspicious propitious auspicious, proponent [pr p'oun nt] n., ; : one who argues in support of something; an advocate proponent detractor proposal [prәpóuzәl] n. ;, ; 1. the act of proposing 2. a plan that is proposed 3. an offer of marriage propriety [pr pr'ai ti] n., ;, (appropriateness) 1. the quality of being proper; appropriateness 2. conformity to prevailing customs and usages indecorous : propriety :: boorish : sensitivity propriety impertinentness prosaic [prouzéiik] a., : DULL, UNIMAGINATIVE, EVERYDAY, ORDINARY 1. a. consisting or characteristic of prose b. matter-of-fact; straightforward 2. lacking in imagination and spirit; dull prosaic exceptional, imaginary, exciting, extraordinary, ingenious, preternatural preternatural,, proscribe [prouskráib] v., : PROHIBIT 1. to denounce or condemn 2. to prohibit; forbid 3. a. to banish or outlaw (a person) b. to publish the name of (a person) as outlawed proscribe sanction proscribed permitted proscription permission prosecute v., ; ( ), ; 1. (law) a. to initiate civil or criminal court action against b. to seek to obtain or enforce by legal action 2. a. to pursue (an undertaking, for example) until completion; follow to the very end b. to chase or pursue (a vessel) 3. to carry on, engage in, or practice mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction (EQUAL, 명 : 동) prosecution [prɑ sәkjú ʃәn / prɔ -] n. 1. the act or process of prosecuting; specifically 2. the institution and continuance of a criminal suit involving the process of pursuing formal charges against an offender to final judgment proselytize [prɑśәlәtàiz / prɔś-] vt. / 1. to induce someone to convert to one's own religious faith 2. to induce someone to join one's own political party or to espouse one's doctrine hunter : quarry :: proselytizer : convert quarry v. ; n. (game) salesperson : buy :: proselytizer : convert :: swindler : cheat proselytizer : controvert :: mediator : reconcile controvert, ; to raise arguments against; voice opposition to reconcile ; prospect [prәspékt] v. ( ) : to search for or explore (a region) for mineral deposits or oil prospect : mineral :: investigate : information (A seek B) investigate to observe or inquire into in detail; examine systematically prosperous [prɑśpәrәs / prɔś-] a. ; : PALMY 1. having success; flourishing 2. well-do-do; well-off 3. propitious; favorable

palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity (EQUAL) palmy ; / prosperous; flourishing impecunious wealthy, prosperous, affluent impecunious, lacking money; penniless prosperous depressed prostrate protuberance concavity [prɑśtreit/prɔstréit] v.,, 1. to make (oneself) bow or kneel down in humility or adoration 2. to throw down flat 3. to lay low; overcome prostrate erect, upright, strengthen, uphold 1. the main character in a drama or other literary work 2. in ancient Greek drama, the first actor to engage in dialogue with the chorus, in later dramas playing the main character and some minor characters as well 3. a. a leading or principal figure b. the leader of a cause; a champion 4. a proponent; an advocate protean [próutiәn, proutí әn] a. : VERSATILE 1. readily taking on varied shapes, forms, or meanings 2. exhibiting considerable variety or diversity circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid (OPPOSITE) protean static protest [prәtést] v. ; 1. to object to, especially in a formal statement 2. to promise or affirm with earnest solemnity 3. (law) to declare (a bill) dishonored or refused protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat (A >> B) supplicate / to ask for humbly or earnestly, as by praying entreat ; 1. to make an earnest request of 2. to ask for earnestly; petition for protocol [próutәkɑ l, -kɔ l / -kɔ l] n. ; 1. a. the forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by diplomats and heads of state b. a code of correct conduct 2. the first copy of a treaty or other such document before its ratification 3. a preliminary draft or record of a transaction 4. the plan for a course of medical treatment or for a scientific experiment protocol : blunder :: bumper : damage grammar : language :: protocol : conduct protract [proutrǽkt] v., : to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong protract : length :: throng : number protract curtail, truncate, abridge, abbreviate, summary protracted transient protrude [pro:utr'u:d] v., : to push or thrust outward protrude concave protrusion [proutrú ʒәn] n. 1 : the act of protruding : the state of being protruded 2 : something (as an anatomical part or excrescence) that protrudes synonyms see PROJECTION protrusion <> deep recess protuberant [proutjú bәrәnt] a. ;, : PROMINENT : swelling outward; bulging protuberant depressed providence n., ; 1. care or preparation in advance; foresight 2. prudent management; economy 3. the care, guardianship, and control exercised by a deity; divine direction protagonist [proutǽgәnist] n. (, ), ; provident, [prɑ vәdәnt / prɔ -] a. ; : FRUGAL, SAVING 1. providing for future needs or events 2. frugal; economical provident profligate profligate, ; providential [prɑ vәdénʃәl / prɔ -] a., 1. of or resulting from divine providence 2. happening as if through divine intervention; opportune providence n., ; providential unfortunate, mishap provincial [prәvínʃәl] a., ;, ; : NARROW 1. of or relating to a province 2. of or characteristic of people from the provinces; not fashionable or sophisticated 3. limited in perspective narrow and self-centered bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan provincial, factionalism ecumenical ecumenical, of worldwide scope or applicability; universal provincial refined provisional [prәvíʒәnәl] a. : TEMPORARY : provided or serving only for the time being definitive provisional proviso n., : a clause in a document making a qualification, condition, or restriction provisory [prәváizәri] a. : depending on a proviso; conditional provisory unconditional provoke [prәvóuk] vt. : EVOKE 1. to incite to anger or resentment 2. to stir to action or feeling 3. to give rise to; evoke 4. to bring about deliberately; induce suppress : stimulate :: calm : provoke (OPPOSITE) taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit (PURPOSE) choleric difficult to provoke choleric, easily angered; bad-tempered jejune thought provoking jejune ;, ;, prowess [práuis] n. ; 1. superior skill or ability 2. superior strength, courage, or daring, especially in battle prowess timidity prowl v.,, : to roam through stealthily, as in search of prey or plunder

prowl : prey :: reconnoiter : information reconnoiter ; / proximal [pr' ks m l] a., : nearest; proximate proximal distal, distant, distinctive distal <dístәl>, proximity [prɑksímәti / prɔks-] n. (, ) : the state, quality, sense, or fact of being near or next; closeness proximity distance proximate remote prude [pru d] n., : one who is excessively concerned with being or appearing to be proper, modest, or righteous fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper (A >> B) prudent [prú dәnt] a. ; : DISCREET 1. wise in handling practical matters; exercising good judgment or common sense 2. careful in regard to one's own interests; provident 3. careful about one's conduct; circumspect prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton sagacity, the quality of being discerning, sound in judgment, and farsighted; wisdom fool prudent prudish [prú diʃ] a. : PRIGGISH : marked by or exhibiting the characteristics of a prude; priggish prig, scholarly : pedantic :: modest : prudish (A << B) prudish : propriety :: finicky : quality prune [pru n] n. prune : plum :: raisin : grape plum raisin prune [pru:n.] v.,, ;, 1. to cut off or remove dead or living parts or branches of (a plant, for example) to improve shape or growth 2. to remove or cut out as superfluous 3. to reduce prune : hedge :: trim : hair pry [prai] v. : to look or inquire closely, curiously, or inquisitively, often in a furtive manner prying : inquisitive :: garish : colorful (A >> B) garish, ; pry : watch :: connive : cooperative pseudonym [s'u:d: m`in] n.,, (pen name) : a fictitious name assumed by an author; a pen name pseudonym : name :: mask : face puerile [pjú әril, -ràil] a., : CHILDISH, SILLY 1. belonging to childhood; juvenile 2. immature; childish puerile sagacious, mature sagacious, pugnacious [pʌgnéiʃәs] adj. : having a quarrelsome or combative nature : TRUCULENT synonyms see BELLIGERENT pugnacious pacific puissance [pjú isәns, pwísәns] n., POWER, MIGHT clout impuissance clout (, ) ;, ( ) puissance powerlessness pulchritude [pʌĺkrәtjù d] n., : great physical beauty and appeal pulchritude ugliness, hideousness, homeliness hideous, ;, homely, ;, ;, pulchritudinous hideous pullet [púlit] n. filly : horse :: pullet : chicken filly ; ( ) a lively, high-spirited girl pulverize [pʌĺvәràiz] v. ; 1. to pound, crush, or grind to a powder or dust 2. to demolish pulverable : crumbed :: lucid : comprehended pulverize solidify pun [p n] n. ( ), : a play on words, sometimes on different senses of the same word and sometimes on the similar sense or sound of different words pun : joke :: supernova : star :: termite : insect termite (white ant) punch line [pʌntʃ lain] n. : the climax of a joke or humorous story joke : punch line :: plot : denouement pun : joke :: supernova : star (A B) pun punctilious [pʌŋktíliәs] a. (, ), 1. strictly attentive to minute details of form in action or conduct 2. precise; scrupulous dawdler : punctilious :: philistine : cultivated (OPPOSITE) philistine punctilious remiss, slipshod remiss, ;, puncture [pʌ ŋktʃәr] v., ; puncture : deflated :: jar : unsettled jar n. v., ; ; ( ) psychology [saikɑĺәdʒi / -kɔĺ-] n. fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist pucker [pʌḱәr] v., : to gather into small wrinkles or folds astringent : pucker :: coagulant : congeal pucker : mouth :: squint : eye puckish [pʌḱiʃ] a. ;, : IMPISH, WHIMSICAL, MISCHIEVOUS puckish sober, grave, staid staid, pundit [pʌńdit] n. augur : predict :: pundit : opine authoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisans allegiance,, miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine recidivist : relapse :: pundit : opine recidivism / relapse ( ) ; pungent [pʌńdʒәnt] a. ( ) ; : CAUSTIC 1. affecting the organs of taste or smell with a sharp, acrid

sensation 2. a. penetrating, biting, or caustic b. to the point; sharp 3. pointed pungent : odor :: caustic : comment pungency blandness punitive [pjú nәtiv] adj. : inflicting, involving, or aiming at punishment punitive <> rewarding purist : adulteration :: stickler : approximation mosquito : netting :: impurity : filter synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity distillate, ; a purified form; an essence winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities winnow : grain :: purify : water distill : purity :: leaven : volume leaven ; alloy : purity :: thinness : density (OPPOSITE) inviolable profane, impure inviolable, puny [pjú ni] a., : WEAK : of inferior size, strength, or significance measly : contemptibly :: puny : weakly measly ;, ; puny enormous purchase [p' :rt s] n. ;, ;, ; 1. a. the act or an instance of buying b. something bought c. acquisition through the payment of money or its equivalent 2. a grip applied manually or mechanically to move something or prevent it from slipping 3. a device, such as a tackle or lever, used to obtain mechanical advantage 4. a position, as of a lever or one's feet, affording means to move or secure a weight 5. a. a means of increasing power or influence b. an advantage that is used in exerting one's power splint : mobility :: ballast : instability :: purchase : slippery purebred [pjuәrbréd] a. of or belonging to a recognized strain established by breeding individuals of unmixed lineage over many generations hybrid purebred purlieu [pә rlju ] n.,, ; : HAUNT 1. an outlying or neighboring area 2. purlieus outskirts; the environs 3. a place that one frequents taut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu (OPPOSITE) taut ; ;, purlieu infrequently visited place, an unfrequent/unfamiliar place purloin [pәrlɔín] v. : to steal, often in a violation of trust lurk : wait :: abscond : depart purloin : appropriate lurk, ; ( ), purvey [pәrvéi] v., 1. to supply (food, for example); furnish 2. to advertise or circulate vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate pusillanimous [pjù sәlǽnәmәs] a., lacking courage; cowardly stouthearted, dauntless, valiant pusillanimous dauntless, incapable of being intimidated or discouraged; fearless stouthearted brave; courageous temerity, valiance pusillanimity, circumspection temerity, foolhardy disregard of danger; recklessness valiance, purgatory [pә rgәtɔ ri/-tәri] n. ; ; ( ) 1. (Roman Catholic Church) a state in which the souls of those who have died in grace must expiate their sins 2. a place or condition of suffering, expiation, or remorse expiate, to make amends or reparation for; atone purist [pjúәrist] n., one who practices or urges strict correctness, especially in the use of words stickler : approximation, imprecision :: purist : adulteration heretic purist purist radical, liberal radical ;,, purity [pjúәrәti] n., ; 1. the quality or condition of being pure 2. a quantitative assessment of homogeneity or uniformity 3. freedom from sin or guilt; innocence; chastity 4. the absence in speech or writing of slang or other elements deemed inappropriate to good style chastity, purify : imperfection :: verify : doubtfulness purification : dross :: desalinization : salt desalinize, desalt putative [pjú tәtiv] adj. : commonly accepted or supposed : assumed to exist or to have existed putative <> undisputed putrefaction [pjù trәfǽkʃәn] n. 1 : the decomposition of organic matter; especially : the typically anaerobic splitting of proteins by bacteria and fungi with the formation of foul-smelling incompletely oxidized products 2 : the state of being putrefied : CORRUPTION quack [kwæk] n. ; (charlatan) 1. an untrained person who pretends to be a physician and dispenses medical advice and treatment 2. a charlatan; a mountebank quack honest practitioner Q quaff [kwɑ f, kwæf] v. : to drink (a beverage) heartily

quaff : sip :: stride : mince stride to walk with long steps, especially in a hasty or vigorous way mince vi. ; quaff : sip :: delve : skim delve, to search deeply and laboriously quail [kweil] vi., : COWER : to shrink back in fear quail become resolute, give bold quaint [kweint] a. : ODD 1. odd, especially in an old-fashioned way 2. unfamiliar or unusual in character; strange qualified [kwɑĺәfàid / kwɔĺ-] a. ; 1. having the appropriate qualifications for an office, a position, or a task 2. limited, restricted, or modified mitigate : severe :: qualify : general (OPPOSITE) absolute, categorical, unreserved qualified, conditional categorical ;, being without exception or qualification; absolute qualm [kwɑ m, kwɔ m] n. ;, 1. a sudden feeling of sickness, faintness, or nausea 2. a sudden disturbing feeling 3. an uneasy feeling about the propriety or rightness of a course of action demur : qualms :: waver : irresoluteness demur ;, quandary [kwɑńdәri / kwɔń-] n., : a state of uncertainty or perplexity quandary state of complete certainty quarantine [kwɔ rәntì n] n. ( ) 1. a. a period of time during which a vehicle, person, or material suspected of carrying a contagious disease is detained at a port of entry under enforced isolation to prevent disease from entering a country b. a place for such detention 2. enforced isolation or restriction of free movement imposed to prevent the spread of contagious disease 3. a condition of enforced isolation 4. a period of 40 days embargo : commerce :: quarantine : contact embargo ;,, hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination :: safeguard : accident hedge, quarry [kwɔ ri / kwɑŕi] v., (, ) n. 1. a. a hunted animal; prey b. hunted animals considered as a group; game 2. an object of pursuit v. 1. to obtain (stone) from a quarry, as by cutting, digging, or blasting 2. to extract (facts, for example) by long, careful searching mine : ore :: quarry : rock, stone :: fell : timber hunter : quarry :: proselytizer : convert proselytize / to induce someone to convert to one's own religious faith quarry : marble :: mine : coal aspirant : quarry :: hunter : prey (A = B하는 사람) quartet [kwɔ rtét] 4, 4 ; 4, 4 quartet : singer :: score : note quash [kwɑʃ / kwɔʃ] v., : to put down or suppress forcibly and completely quash, quell engender, foment engender,, quatrain [kwɑ trein / kwɔ t-] n. 4 : a stanza or poem of four lines quatrain : stanza :: eulogy : speech couplet 2, triplet 3, sextet 6, octave 8, sonnet 14 stanza ( ), ( ) : one of the divisions of a poem, composed of two or more lines usually characterized by a common pattern of meter, rhyme, and number of lines quaver [kwéivәr] v. ; 1. to quiver, as from weakness; tremble 2. to speak in a quivering voice; utter a quivering sound 3. (music) to produce a trill on an instrument or with the vice voice : quaver :: hand : tremble quell [kwel] vt. ;, 1. to put down forcibly; suppress 2. to pacify; quiet irrepressible : quell :: obdurate : move quell, quash arouse, foment, instigate, rouse, incite, stir up quench [kwentʃ] vt., ; 1. to put out (a fire, for example); extinguish 2. to suppress; squelch 3. to put an end to; destroy 4. to slake; satisfy tint : suffuse : damp : quench (A << B) suffuse, to spread through or over, as with liquid, color, or light quench ignite querulous [kwérjәlәs] a. 1. given to complaining; peevish 2. expressing a complaint or grievance; grumbling querulous : complain :: voluble : talk querulous : complaint :: obsequious : flattery querulous : words :: profligate : money quest [kwest] n., : the act or an instance of seeking or pursuing something; a search quest : reply :: command : action questionnaire [kwèstʃәnɛ әr] n. ( ), a printed form containing a set of questions, especially one addressed to a statistically significant number of subjects as a way of gathering information for a survey queue [kju( )] n. : a waiting line especially of persons or vehicles colonnade : pillar :: queue : person person : queue :: scene : panorama queue : people :: chain : link quibble [kwíbәl] v. ; 1. to evade the truth or importance of an issue by raising trivial distinctions and objections 2. to find fault or criticize for petty reason; cavil n. a petty distinction or an irrelevant objection quibbling : cavil :: faultfinding : criticize encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil nitpick to be concerned with or find fault with insignificant details

quibble : failing :: rift : breach (A << B) failing ; rift ; ( ), quicksand [kwíksæǹd] n., rabid logical, detached, uncommitted uncommitted ;, 1. a bed of loose sand mixed with water forming a soft, shifting mass that yields easily to pressure and tends to racketeer [ræ kitíә r] n., engulf any object on its surface 2. often quicksands a place or situation into which entry can be swift and sudden but from which extrication can : a person who commits crimes such as extortion, loansharking( ), bribery, and obstruction of justice in furtherance of illegal business activities be difficult or impossible raconteur n. quiescent [kwaiésәnt] a. : one who tells stories and anecdotes with skill and wit : being quiet, still, or at rest; inactive raconteur : storytelling :: wordsmith : writing quietude, quiescence tumult, restless activity, action quietude <kwáiәtjù:d>, tranquility racy [réisi] a. ;, quiescent rambunctious rambunctious,, quiescence, quietude action, restless activity, tumult quietude,, 1. having a distinctive and characteristic quality or taste 2. strong and sharp in flavor or odor; piquant or pungent 3. vigorous; lively tame racy tame ; ;, quip [kwip] n. ; ; ; : GIBE 1. a clever, witty remark often prompted by the occasion 2. a clever, often sarcastic remark; a gibe 3. a petty distinction or objection; a quibble 4. something curious or odd gibe, to make taunting, heckling, or jeering remarks quisling n. : a traitor who serves as the puppet of the enemy occupying his or her country puppet ;, juggernaut : crush :: quisling : betray quixotic [kwiksɑ tik / -sɔ t-] a. ; 1. caught up in the romance of noble deeds and the pursuit of unreachable goals; idealistic without regard to practicality 2. capricious; impulsive quixotic : idealistic :: touchy : sensitive quixotic displaying consistently practical behavior, pragmatic quota [kwóutә] n. ; 1. a proportional share, as of goods, assigned to a group or to each member of a group; an allotment 2. the maximum number, especially of people, that may be admitted to a nation, a group, or an institution quota unlimited number quotidian [kwoutídiәn] a., : COMMONPLACE, ORDINARY 1. everyday; commonplace 2. recurring daily quotidian remarkable, striking, extraordinary, unusual R rabble [rǽb-әl] n. ;, ; : MOB 1. a tumultuous crowd; a mob 2. the lowest or coarsest class of people items : hodgepodge :: people : rabble rabid [rǽbid] a., : FURIOUS 1. of or affected by rabies( ) 2. raging; uncontrollable 3. extremely zealous or enthusiastic; fanatical radical a. ;,, 1. arising from or going to a root or source; basic 2. departing markedly from the usual or customary; extreme 3. favoring or effecting fundamental or revolutionary changed in current practices, conditions, or institutions purist radical, liberal raffish [rǽfiʃ] a., 1. cheaply or showily vulgar in appearance or nature; tawdry 2. characterized by a carefree or fun-loving unconventionality; rakish ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub (OPPOSITE) dissemble,, snub, ; raffish : decorum :: merciless : leniency (OPPOSITE) lenient, inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous, or indulgent raffle [rǽf-әl] n. : a lottery in which a number of persons buy chances to win a prize lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission ( ) rafter [rǽftә r, rɑ ftә r] n., : one of the sloping beams that supports a pitched roof roof : rafter :: table : leg rage [reidʒ] n. 1. a. violent, explosive anger b. a fit of anger 2. furious intensity, as of a storm or disease 3. a burning desire; a passion 4. a current, eagerly adopted fashion; a fad or craze bigotry : dedication :: rage : anger (A >> B) gush : effusive :: rage : irate (CHARACTER) irate extremely angry; enraged infuriate : rage :: nonplus : perplexity :: commend : esteem nonplus to put at a loss as to what to think, say, or do; bewilder ragged [rǽgid] a., ; ; ;, 1. tattered, frayed, or torn 2. dressed in tattered or threadbare clothes 3. unkempt or shaggy 4. having an irregular surface or edge; uneven or jagged in outline 5. imperfect; uneven

6. harsh; rasping oils or fats tatter, ; 2. repugnant; nasty cloth : ragged :: furniture : rickety fetid having an offensive odor rickety <ríkiti> ( ), ; ( ) rancor [rǽŋkә r] n. : bitter, long-lasting resentment; deep-seated ill will rail [reil] vi. : to express objections or criticisms in bitter, harsh, or abusive language rail : vehemence :: entreat : urgency (동 : 명) rail extol raisin [réiz-әn] n. prune : plum :: raisin : grape prune plum rakish [réikiʃ] a., 1. (nautical) having a trim, streamlined appearance 2. dashingly or sportingly stylish; jaunty jaunty,, rakish : restraint :: slothful : assiduity (LACK) slothful, disinclined to work or exertion; lazy assiduity, persistent application or diligence; unflagging effort rally [rǽli] v. 1 a : to muster for a common purpose b : to recall to order 1 : to come together again to renew an effort 2 : to join in a common cause rally <> disband ramble [rǽmb-әl] vi. ; 1. to move about aimlessly 2. to walk about casually or for pleasure 3. to follow an irregularly winding course of motion or growth 4. to speak or write at length and with many digressions draw : doodle :: travel : ramble doodle,, foot : perambulate :: eye : observe perambulate, to walk through; to inspect (an area) on foot rambunctious [ræmbʌ ŋkʃәs] a. : UNRULY : boisterous and disorderly rambunctious quiescent quiescent being quiet, still, or at rest; inactive ramification [ræ mәfikéiʃ-әn] n. ramification antecedent rampart [rǽmpɑ rt, -pә rt] n. ; : BULWARK 1. a fortification consisting of an embankment, often with a parapet built on top 2. a means of protection or defense; a bulwark parapet (, ) ; ( ) bulwark, ;, tower : edifice :: rampart : barrier (A B) edifice ;, rampart : invasion :: levee : flood ramshackle [rǽmʃæ k-әl] a. : RICKETY : so poorly constructed or kept up that disintegration is likely ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity (OPPOSITE) garble ; / rancid [rǽnsid] a. : FETID, RANK 1. having the disagreeable odor or taste of decomposing rancor good will, concord, charitableness charitable, randomize [rǽndәmàiz] v. : to make random in arrangement, especially in order to control the variable in an experiment randomize systematize systematize to formulate into or reduce to a system range [reindʒ] n.,, ;, range : mountain :: chain : link ranger [réindʒә r] n. ; 1. a wanderer; a rover 2. a member of an armed troop employed in patrolling a specific region 3. a warden employed to maintain and protect a forest or other natural area ranger : forest :: curator : museum rank [ræŋk] a. ; / : RANCID : strong and offensive in odor or flavor rankle [rǽŋk-әl] v. : to cause persistent irritation or resentment 1. to cause persistent irritation or resentment 2. to become sore or inflamed; fester rankle pacify, calm, mollify, soothe rant [rænt] v., : to speak or declaim in a violent, loud, or vehement manner; rave fear : cower :: anger : rant rant : grandiloquence :: rapacious [rәpéiʃәs] a. ; 1. taking by force; plundering 2. greedy; ravenous 3. subsisting on live prey ravenous, ; troubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious (A << B) distraught ;, covetous, ;, rapacity : covetous :: mania : enthusiastic rapport [ræpɔ r] n. ( ) : relationship, especially one of mutual trust or emotional affinity rapport discord rapprochement [ræ prouʃmɑ ŋ / ræprɔ ʃmɑ ŋ] n. 1. a reestablishing of cordial relations, as between two countries 2. the state of reconciliation or of cordial relations estrangement rapprochement estrangement, ;, rapscallion [ræpskǽljәn] n., rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy mischievous ;, cavalier : arrogant

rapt [ræpt] a., ;, : ENGROSSED 1. deeply moved or delighted; enraptured 2. deeply absorbed; engrossed intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract intrepid, resolutely courageous; fearless rapt distracted rarefied a. ( ) ; 1. belonging to or reserved for a small, select group; esoteric 2. elevated in character or style; lofty rarefied pedestrian, prosaic rarefy [rɛ әrәfài] v. ; / 1. to make thin, less compact, or les dense 2. to purify or refine rarefy concentrate, condense, make denser rarefaction condensation rarity [rɛ -әrәti] n., 1. something rare 2. the quality or state of being rare; infrequency of occurrence plurality rarity rare affluent rash [ræʃ] a., : characterized by or resulting from ill-considered haste or boldness obsessed : attracted :: rash : adventurous (A >> B) obsess to preoccupy the mind of excessively loquacious : talkative :: rash : adventurous (A >> B) loquacious very talkative; garrulous rash : circumspective :: imperious : servile rash circumspective raspy [rǽspi, rɑ spi] a., ; : HARSH, GRATING rough; grating mellifluous raspy mellifluous flowing with sweetness or honey; smooth and sweet ratify [rǽtәfài] vt. / : CONFIRM : to approve and give formal sanction to; confirm repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification (OPPOSITE) repatriate <ri:pe itrièit> repeal ; to revoke or rescind, especially by an official or formal act ratiocinate n. / : to reason methodically and logically ratiocination [ræ ʃiɑśәnéiʃәn -/ræ tiɔśi-] n., : REASONING : the process of exact thinking ratiocination : thinking :: articulation : talking ration [rǽʃ-әn, réi-] n. ( ), : a food allowance for one day 1. a fixed portion, especially an amount of food allotted to persons in military service or to civilians in times of scarcity 2. rations food issued or available to members of a group dose : medicine :: ration : food dose : medicine :: sentence : punishment rationalize [rǽʃ-әnәlàiz] v. 1. to make rational 2. to interpret from a rational standpoint 3. to devise self-satisfying but incorrect reasons for (one's behavior) rationalization : plausible :: obfuscation : indiscernible (A = B하게 만듦) plausible seemingly or apparently valid, likely, or acceptable; credible obfuscate ; rational : fraudulent :: irreprehensible : blamable (OPPOSITE) fraudulent, deceitful reprehensible, deserving rebuke or censure; blameworthy raucous [rɔ kәs] a., : HOARSE 1. rough-sounding and harsh 2. boisterous and disorderly raucous melodious, subtle( ) raunchy [rɔ ntʃi, rɑ n-] adj., 1 : SLOVENLY, DIRTY *a raunchy panhandler*; also : very smelly *raunchy sneakers* 2 : OBSCENE, SMUTTY *raunchy jokes* rave [reiv] n. ;, ;, 1. to speak wildly, irrationally, or incoherently 2. to roar; rage 3. to speak with wild enthusiasm rave pan pan ; ( ) ;, to criticize or review harshly ravel [rǽvәl] vi. ( ) : UNRAVEL 1. to separate the fibers or thread of (cloth, for example); unravel 2. to clarify by separating the aspects of 3. to tangle or complicate ravel knit ravenous [rǽv-әnәs] a. ; 1. extremely hungry; voracious 2. rapacious; predatory 3. greedy for gratification ravish v., 1. to seize and carry away by force 2. to rape; violate 3. to overwhelm with emotion; enrapture ravishing : attractive :: perspicacious : discerning (A >> B) raze [reiz] vt. ; : DEMOLISH 1. to level to the ground; demolish 2. to scrape or shave off raze build, construct reactant [ri ǽkt-әnt] n. : a substance participating in a chemical reaction, especially a directly reacting substance present at the initiation of the reaction reactant inert material reactive inert reactionary [ri ǽkʃәnèri/-ʃ-әnәri] a.,, ; : characterized by reaction, especially opposition to progress or liberalism; extremely conservative contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty contumacious, obstinately disobedient or rebellious; insubordinate hidebound, ; stubbornly prejudiced, narrow-

minded, or inflexible recalcitrant, refractory : authority :: reactionary : change recalcitrant, votary reactionary votary <vóutәri> ;, ream [ri m] n. [500 ];, 1. a quantity of paper, formerly 480 sheets, now 500 sheets or, in a printer's ream, 516 sheets 2. often reams a very large amount ream : paper :: cord : wood cord [128 ] reap v., ; ( ), 1. to cut (grain or pulse) for harvest with a scythe, sickle( ), or reaper 2. to harvest (a crop) 3. to harvest a crop from 4. to obtain as a result of effort scythe : reaper :: axe : woodcutter scythe <saið>, reaper [ri pәr] n. reap plant reassure [rì әʃúә r] v., ; recidivism [risídәvìz-әm] n. 1. to restore confidence to 2. to assure again 3. to reinsure reinsure ; reassure : doubt :: perturb : serenity feed : hunger :: reassure : uneasiness (A remove B) formidable reassuring rebuff [ribʌ f] vt., : SNUB 1. to reject bluntly, often disdainfully; snub 2. to repel or drive back rebuff approve, welcome rebus [rí bәs] n. : a representation of words in the form of pictures or symbols, often presented as a puzzle rebus : dissimulation :: dissimulate, symbols : rebus :: notes: score recalcitrant [rikǽlsәtr-әnt] a., : marked by stubborn resistance to and defiance of authority or guidance incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey (OPPOSITE) recalcitrant, refractory : authority :: reactionary : change impudent : brazenness :: recalcitrant : stubbornness (EQUAL) impudent characterized by offensive boldness brazen ;,, recalcitrant : resist :: fastidious : outshine (EQUAL ::??) ( ) fastidious, recalcitrant amenable, submissive, tractable recant [rikǽnt] vi. (, ) : RENOUNCE : to make a formal retraction or disavowal of (a statement or belief to which one has previously committed oneself) apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy apostasy,, heresy, ; recantation : error :: confession : crime recantation : confess :: recant reaffirm, declare, reaffirm recapitulate v. ; ( ) 1. to repeat in concise form 2. (biology) to appear to repeat (the evolutionary stage of the species) during the embryonic development of the individual organism recapitulate perplex ( recapitulate에 정돈된 개념은 없는 듯함) receipt [risí t] n. ;, 1. a. the act of receiving b. the fact of being or having been received 2. often receipts a quantity or amount received 3. a written acknowledgment that a specified article, sum of money, or shipment of merchandise has been received 4. a recipe receptacle [riséptәk-әl] n., ; ; : a container that holds items or matter bowl : receptacle :: bicycle : vehicle recessive [risésiv] a., ; ( ), : tending to go backward or recede dominant recessive dominant, ;, ; ( ) : a tendency to lapse into a previous pattern of behavior, especially a tendency to return to criminal habits recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce rehabilitate ;, (, ) convalesce ( ) to return to health and strength after illness; recuperate recuperate, to return to health or strength; to recover from financial loss recidivist : relapse :: pundit : opine :: sycophant : flatter reciprocate [risíprәkèit] vi., 1. to give or take mutually; interchange 2. to show, feel, or give in response or return reciprocating moving unidirectionally reciprocal [risíprәk-әl] a. ;, 1. concerning each of two or more persons or things 2. interchanged, given, or owed to each other 3. performed, experienced, or felt by both sides 4. interchangeable; complementary reciprocal secund secund (botany & zoology) arranged on or turned to one side of an axis reciprocate v. ;, 1. to give or take mutually; interchange 2. to show, feel, or give in response or return reciprocating moving unidirectionally, unidirectional reckless [réklis] a., 1. a. heedless or careless b. headstrong; rash 2. indifferent to or disregardful of consequences circumspect, measured audacious, reckless, unscrupulous reclaim [rikléim] v., : REFORM, TAME, SUBDUE 1. to bring into or return to a suitable condition for use, as cultivation or habitation 2. to bring back, as from error, to a right or proper course; reform 3. to tame (a falcon, for example)

recluse [riklú s, réklu s] n. : a person who withdraws from the world to live in seclusion and often in solitude poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness poseur <pouz ә:r> recluse : communicate :: roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw :: bigot : biased roister ; carouse <kәráuz>, turncoat : consistency : recluse : compassion turncoat, compassion, recluse : society :: shirk : duty recluse : crowd :: claustrophobia : enclosure claustrophobia recluse : solitude :: toady : favor toady a person who flatters or defers to others for selfserving reasons; a sycophant recluse social recoil [rikɔíl] vi., ;, 1. to spring back, as upon firing 2. to shrink back, as in fear or repugnance 3. to fall back; return recoil advance reconvene v. disperse : reconvene :: dismiss : reinstate rectify v. : ADJUST 1. to set right; correct 2. to correct by calculation or adjustment rectify : treaty :: confirm : hypothesis treaty, ; rectitude [réktәtjù d] n., : RIGHTEOUSNESS 1. moral uprightness; righteousness 2. the quality or condition of being correct in judgment 3. the quality of being straight rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse (OPPOSITE) perspicacity : dupe :: rectitude : corruptionist perspicacious having or showing penetrating mental discernment; clear-sighted inequity rectitude, inequity inequity,, injustice; unfairness recumbent [rikʌḿbәnt] a., 1. lying down, especially in a position of comfort or rest; reclining 2. resting; idle recumbent standing up reconcile [rékәnsàil] vt., ; 1. to reestablish a close relationship between 2. to settle or resolve 3. to bring (oneself) to accept 4. to make compatible or consistent rift reconciliation rift, reconnoiter [ kәnɔítә r, rèk-] vi., : to make a preliminary inspection of, especially in order to gather military information reconnoiter : information :: prowl : prey prowl <praul>, to roam through stealthily, as in search of prey or plunder plunder, reconnoiter : information :: canvass : votes reconstitute [rì kɑństәtjù t] vt., / 1. to provide with a new structure 2. to bring (a liquid in concentrated or powder form) to normal strength by adding water reconstitute dehydrate recuperate v., 1. to return to health or strength; recover 2. to recover from financial loss recuperative [rikjú pәrèitiv] a. recuperative debilitating debilitate to sap the strength or energy of; enervate recondite [rékәndàit, rikɑńdait] a., recur [rikә r] v. ;, : DEEP 1. not easily understood; abstruse 2. concerned with or treating something abstruse or obscure 3. concealed; hidden recondite : fathom :: tenacious : eradicate serpentine : directness :: recondite : placidity 1. to happen, come up, or show up again or repeatedly 2. to return to one's attention or memory 3. to return in thought or discourse periodic : recur :: evanescent : vanish evanescent, ;, vanishing or likely to vanish like vapor recurrence happening one time serpentine, ;, placid, ; redistribute v. respect : baseness :: study : reconditeness (B는 A하기 어렵다) recondite widely understood, patent, self-explaining, selfevident, : to distribute again in a different way; reallocate inequity : redistribution :: illiteracy : education easy, comprehensive, fathomable redolent [réd-әlәnt] a. ;, : patent ;, AROMATIC reconnaissance n., ; ; 1. having or emitting fragrance; aromatic 2. suggestive; reminiscent : an inspection or exploration of an area, especially one made to gather military information redolent : smell :: piquant : taste redolent unscented redoubtable [ridáutәb-әl] a., : FORMIDABLE 1. arousing fear or awe; formidable 2. worthy of respect or honor formidable, ; ;, exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame :: redoubtable : regard :: creditable : belief, trust redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard redoubtable not formidable, unimpressive, disregard redress v., ;, ; : REMEDY 1. to set right; remedy or rectify 2. to make amends to 3. to adjust (a balance, for example)

redundant [ridʌńdәnt] a.,, : SUPERFLUOUS 1. exceeding that is necessary or natural; superfluous 2. needlessly repetitive; verbose indigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability indigent experiencing want or need; impoverished redundant : necessity :: clumsy : knack knack, ;, redundant economical redundance, redundancy conciseness, essentialness political oppression, or religious persecution refugee : asylum :: asylum <әsáilәm> ;, ; refulgent shining radiantly; resplendent refulgent lackluster refuse [réfju s] n. : TRASH, GARBAGE : items or material discarded or rejected as useless or worthless; trash or rubbish refuse valuable thing, useful material reel [ri l] n.,,, reel : winding :: die : shaping refectory [rifékt-әri] n. : a room where meals are served, especially in a college or other institution referee n. ;, : one to whom something is referred, especially for settlement, decision, or an opinion as to the thing's quality referee : field :: jude : courtroom referee : whistle :: judge : gavel refinery [rifáinәri] n. (, ) : an industrial plant for purifying a crude substance, such as petroleum or sugar refinery : petroleum :: mill : grain petroleum <pәtróuliәm> refine : purification :: attenuate : rarefaction crass refined crass <kræs>, ;, refine reduce purity reflective [rifléktiv] a., ; : THOUGHTFUL, DELIBERATIVE 1. a. of, relating to, produced by, or resulting from reflection b. capable of or producing reflection 2. characterized by or given to meditation or contemplation; thoughtful reflection : light :: echo : sound reflect absorb unreflective ruminative regimen [rédʒәmәn, -mèn] n., ;,, refractory [rifrǽkt-әri] a.,, : STUBBORN, UNMANAGEABLE 1. governmental rule or control 2. the systematic procedure of a natural phenomenon or 1. obstinately resistant to authority or control process 2. difficult to melt or work; resistant to heat 3. resistant to treatment adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control (OPPOSITE) adamant impervious to pleas, appeals, or reason; stubbornly unyielding recalcitrant, refractory : authority :: reactionary : change pertinacity : refractory :: inexperience : green pertinacious ;, refractory responsive 3. a. a regulated system, as of diet, therapy, or exercise, intended to promote health or achieve another beneficial effect b. a course of intense physical training regimen : health :: mnemonics : memory mnemonics regimen : health :: budget : solvency budget ;, solvency ; refresh [rifréʃ] vt. : REVIVE 1. to revive with or as if with rest, food, or drink; give new vigor or spirit to 2. to give new freshness or brightness to; restore 3. to make cool, clean, or moist; freshen up 4. to renew by stimulation 5. to fill up again; replenish disgruntle refresh disgruntle to make discontented refugee [rèfjudʒí, - -- ] n. : one who flees in search of refuge, as in times of war, refute [rifjú t] vt., 1. to prove to be false or erroneous; overthrown by argument or proof 2. to deny the accuracy or truth of refutation verification refute verify, affirm, prove refutable indisputable regard [rigɑ rd] n. : ESTEEM 1. to look at attentively; observe closely 2. to look upon or consider in a particular way 3. to hold in esteem or respect 4. to relate or refer to; concern 5. to take into account; consider exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame :: redoubtable : regard culpable deserving of blame or censure as being wrong, evil, improper, or injurious redoubtable ; worthy of respect or honor flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge flout, to show contempt for; scorn taunt, to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or contemptuous manner redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard despicable, deserving of contempt or scorn; vile regenerate [ridʒénәrèit] v., ; 1. to reform spiritually or morally 2. to form, construct, or create anew, especially in an improved state 3. to give new life or energy to; revitalize truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse (OPPOSITE) truculent <trʌ kjәlәnt> ;, regression [rigréʃәn] n.,, 1. reversion; retrogression 2. relapse to a less perfect or developed state regressive forward rehabilitate [rì hәbìlәtéi ] v. ; / 1. to restore to good health or useful life, as through therapy and education 2. to restore to good condition, operation, or capacity 3. to reinstate the good name of 4. to restore the former rank, privileges, or rights of

reinstate ; ; / persuaded by entreaty; relentless recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce convalesce ( ) to return to health and relevant [rélәvәnt] a., strength after illness; recuperate recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition (OPPOSITE) building : restoration :: person : rehabilitation rehearsal n. 1. the act of practicing in preparation for a public performance 2. a session of practice for a performance, as of a play 3. a detailed enumeration or repetition impromptu : rehearsal :: caprice : deliberate reign [rein] n., : SOVEREIGNTY 1. exercise of sovereign power, as by a monarch 2. the period during which a monarch rules 3. dominance or widespread influence coronation : reign :: wedding : marriage coronation rein [rein] n. ;,, ;, 1. a means of restraint, check, or guidance 2. often reins a means or an instrument by which power is exercised rein prod prod, ; / reiterate [ri ítәrèit] v., : to say or do again or repeatedly digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant (EQUAL) excursive, of, given to, characterized by, or having the nature of digression rejoice v. : to feel joyful; be delighted rejoice grouse, moroseness grouse <graus> (grumble), rejoiced sulky : having a bearing on or connection with the matter at hand immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center :: circuitous : directness (OPPOSITE) immaterial, ;, relevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious (A << B) relevant immaterial irrelevant germane germane ; religion [rilídʒ-әn] n. religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy relinquish [rilíŋkwiʃ] vt. (, ), : RELEASE 1. to retire from; give up or abandon 2. to put aside or desist from (something practiced, professed, or intended) 3. to let go; surrender 4. to cease holding physically; release relinquish cling to, procure, cooperate, reward procure, relish [réliʃ] v.,, 1. to take keen or zestful pleasure in 2. to enjoy the flavor of 3. to give spice or flavor to relish despise reluctant a.,, 1. unwilling; disinclined 2. exhibiting or marked by unwillingness 3. offering resistance; opposing hesitation : reluctance :: hubris : pride hubris, reluctant alacrity loquacity reluctance to speak relapse [rilǽps] vi., 1. to fall or slide back into a former state 2. to regress after partial recovery from illness 3. to slip back into bad ways; backslide recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce convalesce recidivist : relapse :: pundit : opine relapse advance, amendment, betterment, development, maturation, progress, improvement release [rilí s] vt. constrain, immure, restrain release immure, ; relegate v. ; (, ), ; 1. to assign to an obscure place, position, or condition 2. to assign to a particular class or category; classify 3. to refer or assign (a matter or task, for example) for decision or action 4. to send to a place of exile; banish relentless [riléntlis] a.,, 1. unyielding in severity or strictness; unrelenting 2. steady and persistent; unremitting unrelenting, ; unremitting,, never slackening; persistent inexorable relenting inexorable ;, not capable of being remiss [rimís] a., : LAX, CARELESS 1. lax in attending to duty; negligent 2. exhibiting carelessness or slackness remiss scrupulous, wary, punctilious, wary, conscientious, painstaking, assiduous wary, 1. on guard; watchful 2. characterized by caution punctilious, ; remnant [rémnәnt] n. ;, 1. something left over; a remainder 2. a leftover piece of fabric remaining after the rest has been used or sold 3. a surviving trace or vestige 4. often remnants a small surviving group of people shred : remnant :: remodel [ri mɑ dl / -mɔ dl] vt. : REMAKE : to make over in structure or style; reconstruct construct : remodel :: compose : edit remonstrance [rimɑństr-әns / -mɔń-] n., 1. the act of remonstrating 2. an expression of protest, complain, or reproof, especially a formal statement of grievances remonstrance : oppose :: syllogism : disprove remonstrance : dissuade :: syllogism : disprove :: apprehend : censure syllogism <sílәdʒìzәm> ;

remonstrative : dissuade :: reprehensible : censure :: applicant : appeal remonstrate v., ;, : to say or plead in protest, objection, or reproof remorse [rimɔ rs] n. : SELF-REPROACH : moral anguish arising from repentance for past misdeeds; bitter regret longing : pine :: remorse : rue (EQUAL, 명 : 동) rue, to feel regret, remorse, or sorrow for truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse (OPPOSITE) truculent, ;, unregenerate ; remorseful inpenitent remote [rimóut] a., ; ; remote impending remunerate [rimjú nәrèit] vt. : RECOMPENSE 1. to pay (a person) a suitable equivalent in return for goods provided, services rendered, or losses incurred; recompense 2. to compensate for; make payment for remuneration : service :: retaliation : injury retaliate / to return like for like, especially evil for evil remunerative unrequited unrequited,, not reciprocated or returned in kind gainful unremunerative rend [rend] v.,, ( ) 1. to tear or split apart or into pieces violently 2. to tear (one's garments or hair) in anguish or rage 3. to tear away forcibly; wrest 4. to pull, split, or divide as if by tearing 5. to pierce or disturb with sound 6. to cause pain or distress to rend : tear :: dissipate : diminish :: rush : hurry rend unite, mend, repair, fuse, make whole renegade n., : one who rejects a religion, a cause, an allegiance, or a group for another; a deserter renegade : allegiance :: apostate : faith apostate <әpásteit>, apostasy abandonment of one's religious faith, a political party, one's principles, or a cause renounce [rináuns] vi. ;, 1. to give up (a title, for example), especially by formal announcement 2. to reject; disown renounce : pledge :: rescind : order pledge, ; ;, rescind / ; ( ) claim, embrace renounce renovate [rénәvèit] vt. ; 1. to restore to an earlier condition, as by repairing or remodeling 2. to impart new vigor to; revive renovate cause to decay renunciation [rinʌǹsiéiʃ-әn, -ʃi-] n., ;, ; 1. the act or an instance of renouncing 2. a declaration in which something is renounced renunciation adoption reparation n. ;, ; 1. the act or process of repairing or the condition of being repaired 2. the act or process of making amends; expiation 3. something done or paid to compensate or make amends repartee [rèpɑ rtí ] n. 1. a swift, witty reply 2. conversation marked by the exchange of witty retorts retort,, repartee : retort :: debate : issue (EQUAL) repatriate [ri péitrièit] v. : to restore or return to the country of birth, citizenship, or origin repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification (OPPOSITE) ratification,, ratify / ; to approve and give formal sanction to; confirm repeal [ripí l] v., : to revoke or rescind, especially by an official or formal act repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification repatriate to restore or return to the country of birth, citizenship, or origin ratify, to approve and give formal sanction to; confirm repeal ratify repeal authorization repel [ripél] vt.,, ; 1. to ward off or keep away; drive back 2. to offer resistance to; fight against 3. to refuse to accept; reject 4. to turn away from; spurn 5. to cause aversion or distaste in 6. to be resistant to; be incapable of absorbing or mixing with court repel intentionally court, ; / ; repelling entrancing, winsome winsome, ;, repellent [ripélәnt] a. ; 1. a. serving or tending to repel b. able to repel 2. inspiring aversion or distaste; repulsive 3. resistant or impervious to a substance ex. water-repellent repellent : attract :: ephemeral : endure (OPPOSITE) entrancing disappoint, disgusting, repellent, repulsive entrancing, repertoire [répә rtwɑ r] n., 1. the stock of songs, plays, operas, readings, or other pieces that a player or company is prepared to perform 2. the range or number of skills, aptitudes, or special accomplishments of a particular person or group palette : color :: repertoire : play repertoire : performance :: manifest : cargo :: agenda : meeting repine [ripáin] v. 1. to be discontented or low in spirits; complain or fret 2. to yearn after something fret, to cause to be uneasy; vex yearn, ; repine express joy replete [riplí t] a., ;, 1. abundantly supplied; abounding

2. filled to satiation; gorged 3. complete repletion want, emptiness, privation privation, ;, reportage n. ; 1. the reporting of news or information of general interest 2. something reported reportage : journalist :: ridicule : satirist reportorial imaginative repose [ripóuz] n., ;, ;, 1. the act of resting or the state of being at rest 2. freedom from worry; peace of mind 3. calmness; tranquility guilt : expiation :: fatigue : repose expiation, expiate to make amends or reparation for; atone reparation ;, atone, to make amends, as for a sin or fault dehydrate : water :: fatigue : repose breach : continuity :: disturb : repose reportorial [rèpә rtɔ riәl] a., reportorial imaginative reprehensible [rèprihénsәb-әl] a. : CULPABLE : deserving rebuke or censure; blameworthy lamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censure :: despicable : contempt censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible approbation, ;, reprehension [rèprihénʃ-әn] n., : the act of rebuking or censuring; reproval remonstrance : dissuade :: reprehension : censure remonstrance, ;,, jeer : derision :: reprehend : censure jeer,, to speak or shout derisively; mock reprehend, to reprove; censure repress [riprés] v.,, 1. to hold back by an act of volition 2. to put down by force, usually before total control has been lost; quell unrepressed restrained repress foster reprieve [riprí v] v. ; ( ) 1. to postpone or cancel the punishment of 2. to bring relief to reprieve : punishment :: moratorium : activity reprimand [réprәmæǹd, -mɑ nd] v. : to reprove severely, especially in a formal or official way reprove : reprimand :: blame : censure (A << B) reprisal [ripráiz-әl] n., 1. retaliation for an injury with the intent of inflicting at least as much injury in return 2. forcible seizure of an enemy's goods or subjects in retaliation for injuries inflicted 3. the practice of using political or military force without actually resorting to war reproach [ripróutʃ] v., 1. to express disapproval of, criticism of, or disappointment in (someone) 2. to bring shame upon; disgrace upbraid : reproach :: dote : like (A >> B) upbraid to reprove sharply; reproach nefarious, scurvy, culpable above reproach, virtuous nefarious, infamous by way of being extremely wicked scurvy,,, mean; contemptible opprobrious irreproachable opprobrious, ;, reproach eulogize, praise publicly reprobate [réprәbèit] n. a. v., n. a morally unprincipled person a. morally unprincipled; shameless v. to disapprove of; condemn reprobate : misbehave :: sycophant : fawn objectivity : partisan :: temperance : reprobate reprobate righteous individual reprobation acclaim reproof [riprú f] n. : REBUKE castigation : reproof :: loathing : dislike :: glorification : merit :: soaking : damp (A >> B) castigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial accolade reproof reprove [riprú v] v., 1. to voice or convey disapproval of; rebuke 2. to find fault with pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove (A << B) pretense,, ; ; reprove : reprimand :: blame : censure (A << B) reptile n. ; lizard : reptile :: orange : fruit :: finch : bird :: aspen : tree :: eagle : bird finch [, ] aspen [, ] repudiate [ripjú dièit] vt., 1. to reject the validity or authority of 2. to reject emphatically as unfounded, untrue, or unjust 3. to refuse to recognize or pay 4. a. to disown (a child, for example) b. to refuse to have any dealings with repudiate espouse, uphold repudiation affirm repugnant [ripʌǵnәnt] a., ; ;, 1. arousing disgust or aversion; offensive or repulsive 2. (logic) contradictory; inconsistent odious : repugnance :: menacing : fear cogent : convince :: repugnant : repel cogent ; appealing to the intellect or powers of reasoning; convincing unpleasant : repugnant :: scanty : meager repugnance affinity repulse [ripʌĺs] v., ; : REPEL 1. to drive back; repel 2. to rebuff or reject with rudeness, coldness, or denial captivate, entrance repulse court repulse intentionally entrancing disappoint, disgusting, repellent, repulsive entrancing,, repulsion attraction repute n., ;, 1. reputation 2. a good reputation

repute lack of distinction requisite a., : required; essential requisite unnecessary requite [rikwáit] v., 1. to make repayment or return for 2. to avenge requite leave unrepaid/unpaid resoluteness : will :: zeal : conviction resolute : determined :: (EQUAL) daunt make resolute daunt, ; to abate the courage of; discourage jittery resolute jittery, having or feeling nervous unease; marked by jittering movements jitter, to be nervous or uneasy resolution vacillation, sway rescind [risínd] v., : to make void; repeal or annul rescind : law :: withdraw : candidacy irrevocable : rescind :: irrevocable, impossible to retract or revoke rescind institute, enact, levy levy (collect), (impose); / (enroll); ( ), rescission enactment resentment [rizéntmәnt] n. ;, : indignation or ill will felt as a result of a real or imagined grievance grievance, respire reserved [rizә rvd] a. ; ; ( ) 1. held in reserve; kept back or set aside 2. marked by self-restraint and reticence furtive : openness :: flamboyant : reserve (OPPOSITE) furtive : open :: flippant : reserved flippant, marked by disrespectful levity or casualness; pert gregarious : reserved :: furtive : open expansive reserved, diffident diffident, ;, unreserved qualified residue n., ; remainder : subtraction :: residue : evaporation resign [rizáin] v. ( ) ; : QUIT 1. to submit (oneself) passively; accept as inevitable 2. to give up (a position, for example), especially by formal notification 3. to relinquish (a privilege, right, or claim) abdicate : throne :: resign : office resilient [rizíljәnt, -liәnt] a., 1. marked by the ability to recover readily, as from misfortune 2. capable of returning to an original shape or position, as after having been compressed resilient unable to adjust, unable to recover resilience inelasticity, inability of recover resin [rézin] n., resin : tree :: gum : rubber plant resolute [rézәlù t] a., : RESOLVED : firm or determined; unwavering malleable : shape :: irresolute : opinion indubitable : question :: resolute : sway resolute : dissuade :: obstreperous : control obstreperous, ;, resonant [réz-әnәnt] a. ; 1. a. strong and deep in tone; resounding b. continuing to sound in the ears or memory; echoing c. having a prolonged, subtle, or stimulating effect beyond the initial impact full-bodied : flavor :: resonant : sound full-bodied ; ( ), ; ( ) resonant muffled resourceful [ri sɔ rsfәl, -zɔ rs-] a. ; : able to act effectively or imaginatively, especially in difficult situations resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality, mercy v., ; 1. to breathe in and out; inhale and exhale 2. to undergo the metabolic process of respiration 3. to breathe easily again, as after a period of exertion or trouble lung : respire :: tooth : masticate respire choke, smother, stifle, suffocate smother, ;, ;, respite [réspit] n., : REPRIEVE 1. a usually short interval of rest or relief 2. (law) temporary suspension of a death sentence; a reprieve reprieve ; respite : labor :: interim : concert interim <íntәrim>, an interval of time between one event, process, or period and nother fast : eat :: respite : labor plateau : change :: respite : activity plateau <plætóu>, ; moratorium : activity :: respite : labor resplendent [rispléndәnt] a., : splendid or dazzling in appearance; brilliant bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence (EQUAL) bootless without advantage or benefit; useless effulgent, shining brilliantly; resplendent bravura : performance :: resplendent : appearance bravura ; resplendent dull, lackluster lackluster, lacking brightness, luster, or vitality; dull responsive [rispɑńsiv / -spɔń-] a. ;, : SENSITIVE 1. answering or replying; responding 2. readily reacting to suggestions, influences, appeals, or efforts 3. containing or using responses dispassionate, feelingless responsive dispassionate, devoid of or unaffected by passion, emotion, or bias

restive [réstiv] a., ;, : FIDGETY, BALKY 1. uneasily impatient under restriction, opposition, criticism, or delay 2. resisting control; difficult to control 3. refusing to move incogitant : thoughtful :: restive : calm :: piddling : considerable :: keen : obtuse (OPPOSITE) incogitant, thoughtless; inconsiderate piddling, so trifling or trivial as to be beneath one's consideration restive : calmness :: keen : obtuseness :: impetuous : patience :: impeccable : flaw (OPPOSITE) restive calm, imperturbable restiveness contentment contentment,, satisfaction restless a., ;, 1. marked by a lack of quiet, repose, or rest 2. not able to rest, relax, or be still 3. never still or motionless restless : serenity :: deferential : insolent insolent, restlessness composure restore [ristɔ rr] vt., dilapidated restored dilapidate, to bring or fall into a state of partial ruin, decay, or disrepair disrepair, the condition of being in need of repair restrain [ristréin] vt., ; 1. a. to hold back or keep in check; control b. to hold (a person) back; prevent 2. to deprive of freedom or liberty 3. to limit or restrict temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist (EQUAL) temperate,, ; ( ) tenacious ; rakish : restrain :: slothful : assiduity rakish, ; slothful, restrain release bridled without restraint bridle <bráidl> ;, unrepressed, fervid restrained fervid ; 1. marked by great passion or zeal 2. extremely hot; burning theatrical restraint theatrical ;, ; 4. to hire (an attorney, for example) by the payment of a fee 5. to keep in one's service or pay retain discard retainer [ritéinә r] n. / ;, : SERVANT a. an employee, typically a long-term employee b. a servant or an attendant, especially one in the household of a person of high rank retainer : retinue :: witch : coven retinue ( ), the retainers or attendants accompanying a high-ranking person coven <kʌ vәn> ; ( ) an assembly of 13 witches retaliate [ritǽlièit] v., : to return like for like, especially evil for evil remuneration : service :: retaliation : injury remunerate, retard [ritɑ rrd] vt. : IMPEDE : to cause to move or proceed slowly; delay or impede divert : shunt :: retard : brake shunt, ; ( ) ( ) expedite, catalyze, speed up retard expedite ; ; ( ) (dispatch), (send out) precipitate, catalyze, expedite, speed up retard, dilatory dilatory, ; intended to delay; tending to postpone or delay reticent [rétәs-әnt] a. ;, : RELUCTANT 1. inclined to keep one's thoughts, feelings, and personal affairs to oneself 2. restrained or reserved in style 3. reluctant; unwilling reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge gorge ;, reticent : voluble :: (OPPOSITE) reticent loquacious, effusive, talkative, vociferous, frank vociferous reticent, monotone vociferous ;, making, given to, or marked by noisy and vehement outcry voluble taciturn, laconic, succinct, reticent reticent frank retinue [rét-әnjù ] n. ( ), : the retainers or attendants accompanying a high-ranking person retinue : attendant :: coven : witch retainer retinue : attendant :: staff : officer :: suite : room suite ;, ;, resurgence [risә rrdʒәnt] n., : RENAISSANCE 1. a continuing after interruption; a renewal 2. a restoration to use, acceptance, activity, or vigor; a revival resurgence waning vitally, extinguish wan ( ), ;,, resurgent in decline resuscitate [risʌśәtèit] v. ; :REVITALIZE :to restore consciousness, vigor, or life to extinct resuscitated resuscitation enervation retain 1. to maintain possession of 2. to keep or hold in a particular place, condition, or position 3. to keep in mind; remember retort [ritɔ rrt] n., ;, : RETURN v. 1. a. to reply, especially to answer in a quick, caustic, or witty manner b. to present a counterargument to 2. to return in kind; pay back n. a quick, incisive reply, especially one that turns the first speaker's words to his or her own disadvantage repartee : retort :: debate : issue (EQUAL) repartee, a swift, witty reply retort : response :: retouch [ri tʌ tʃ] v., 1. to add new details or touches to for correction or improvement 2. to improve or change (a photographic negative or print), as by adding details or removing flaws

3. to color (recent growth of hair) to match hair that was tinted, dyed, or bleached at an earlier date revise : manuscript :: retouch : picture retract [ritrǽkt] v., 1. to draw back; disavow 2. to draw back or in disavow, to disclaim knowledge of, responsibility for, or association with misunderstood : clarify :: erroneous : retract ( ) retract : statement :: repeal : legislation countermand : order :: revoke : license countermand, foster, tender retract tender ;, retreat [ritrí t] n., ; 1. a. the act or process of withdrawing, especially from something hazardous, formidable, or unpleasant b. the process of going backward or receding from a position or condition gained 2. a place affording peace, quiet, privacy, or security 3. a. a period of seclusion, retirement, or solitude b. a period of group withdrawal for prayer, meditation, and study 4. withdrawal of a military force from a dangerous position or from an enemy attack incursion retreat incursion, ; ( ) retrench [ritréntʃ] v., ; 1. to cut down; reduce 2. to remove, delete, or omit retrenchment : expense :: deceleration : speed attenuate : force :: simplify : complexity :: retrench : money retrench enlarge, expand retribution n.,, 1. something justly deserved; recompense 2. something given or demanded in repayment, especially punishment 3. (theology) punishment or reward distributed in a future life based on performance in this one kidnap : detainment :: extortion : retribution ( ) retrograde [rétrәgrèid] a., 1. moving or tending backward 2. opposite to the usual order inverted or reversed 3. reverting to an earlier or inferior condition retrograde progressive retrogress 1. to return to an earlier, inferior, or less complex condition 2. to go or move backward retrogress move forward retrospective [rètrәspéktiv] a., 1. looking back on, contemplating, or directed to the past 2. looking or directed backward 3. applying to or influencing the past; retroactive 4. of, relating to, or being retrospective retroactive, influencing or applying to a period prior to enactment retrospective anticipatory revamp [ri vǽmp] v. / 1. To patch up or restore; renovate. 2. To revise or reconstruct (a manuscript, for example). 3. To vamp (a shoe) anew. revelation [rèvәléiʃ-әn] n., ;, ( ) a. the act of revealing or disclosing b. something revealed, especially a dramatic disclosure of something not previously known or realized revelation adumbration adumbrate ; ( ) foreshadow, to present an indication or a suggestion of beforehand revelry [rév-әlri] n., : boisterous merrymaking revelry mournfulness mournful ; ;, revenge [rivéndʒ] n. 1. to inflict punishment in return for (injury or insult) 2. to seek or take vengeance for (oneself or another person); avenge mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge vindictive, disposed to seek revenge; revengeful revere [rivíә r] v. : to regard with awe, deference, and devotion reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm (A >> B) avidity, 1. ardent desire or craving; eagerness 2. keen interest or enthusiasm reverent : idolater :: trusting : dupe idolater ; one who blindly or excessively admires or adores another venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn despicable, deserving of contempt or scorn; vile elegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence (EQUAL) exemplary : imitation :: venerable : reverence revere jape at, disparage, despise jape, to joke or quip quip,, reverence despise reverent despicable, impudent, scornful irreverent respectful revile v. : to assail with abusive language; vituperate revile praise revise [riváiz] vt. 1. to prepare a newly edited version of (a text) 2. to reconsider and change or modify revise : manuscript :: retouch : picture revive [riváiv] vi., 1. to bring back to life or consciousness; resuscitate 2. to impart new health, vigor, or spirit to 3. to restore to use, currency, activity, or notice 4. to restore the validity or effectiveness of 5. to renew in the mind; recall 6. to present (an old play, for example) again revert : prior :: revive : conscious (CHARACTER) wither, lull revive lull, ;, revoke v., : to void or annul by recalling, withdrawing, or reversing empower revoke the authority revue [rivjú ] n. : a musical show consisting of skits, songs, and dances, often

satirizing current events, trends, and personalities rewarding [riwɔ rdiŋ] a., : VALUABLE, SATISFYING 1. offering or likely to offer satisfaction or gratification 2. affording profit; remunerative 3. constituting a reward remunerative ; (profitable), drudgery rewarding work drudgery <drʌ dʒәri> /, tedious, menial, or unpleasant work ribald [ríb-әld] a., : CRUDE, OFFENSIVE : characterized by or indulging in vulgar, lewd humor lewd <lu:d>, a. preoccupied with sex and sexual desire b. obscene; indecent ribald : seemly :: labyrinthine : direct ribald seemly, proper rickety [ríkiti] a., : SHAKY 1. likely to break or fall apart; shaky 2. feeble with age; infirm 3. of, having, or resembling rickets( ) cloth : ragged :: furniture : rickety rider [ráidә r] n., 1. one that rides, especially one who rides horses 2. a. a clause, usually having little relevance to the main issue, that is added to a legislative bill b. an amendment or addition to a document or record 3. something, such as the top rail of a fence, that rests on or is supported by something else rider : bill :: endorsement : policy ridicule [rídikjù l] n.,, : words or actions intended to evoke contemptuous laughter at or feelings toward a person or thing satire : ridicule :: elegy : sorrow reportage : journalist :: ridicule : satirist reportage ; pillory : ridicule :: guillotine : execute pillory to expose to ridicule and abuse; to put in a pillory as punishment risible : ridicule :: impudent : brazenness risible <rízәbl> ;, ridicule : derision :: sublime ridiculous sublime <sәbláim>, ;, rife [raif] a., : ABOUNDING 1. in widespread existence, practice, or use; increasingly prevalent 2. abundant or numerous sparse rife riffraff n. ;, 1. people regarded as disreputable or worthless 2. rubbish; trash riffraff aristocrat, gentry, nobility, throne rift [rift] n., : BREACH, ESTRANGEMENT 1. a narrow fissure in rock 2. a break in friendly relations faultfinding : criticize :: quibble : cavil (EQUAL, 명 : 동) quibble,, a petty distinction or an irrelevant objection quibble : failing :: rift : breach (A << B) rift reconciliation rig [rig] vt. (,, ) : to manipulate dishonestly for personal gain rig : contest :: gerrymander : district gerrymander ; rigid [rídʒid] a., ;, ;, 1. not flexible or pliant; stiff 2. not moving; fixed 3. marked by a lack of flexibility; rigorous and exacting 4. scrupulously maintained or performed circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid protean <proutí:әn> rigid pliable, pliant rigmarole [rígmәròul] n. ;, 1. confused, rambling, or incoherent discourse; nonsense 2. a complicated, petty set of procedure rigmarole straightforward talk rigorous [ríg-әrәs] a., ;, 1. characterized by or acting with rigor 2. full of rigors; harsh 3. rigidly accurate; precise rile [rail] vt., : UPSET 1. to stir to anger 2. to stir up (liquid); roil choleric : rile :: volatile : rouse choleric, rile conciliate, make calm, appease, placate, gratify, soothe rind n., ;, : a tough outer covering such as bark, the skin of some fruits, or the coating on cheese or bacon riot [ráiәt] vi. ; n. 1. a wild or turbulent disturbance created by a large number of people 2. (law) a violent disturbance of the public peace by three or more persons assembled for a common purpose 3. an unrestrained outbreak, as of laughter or passions 4. a profusion 5. a. unrestrained merrymaking; revelry b. debauchery profusion ;, revelry, debauchery, ;, extreme indulgence in sensual pleasures; dissipation sedate riot sedate, ; serenely deliberate, composed, and dignified in character or manner ripen v. ( ), ; : to make or become ripe or riper; mature ripen : maturity :: harden : solidity ripen : mature :: drain : empty risible [rízәb-әl] a., : LAUGHABLE 1. relating to laughter or used in eliciting laughter 2. eliciting laughter; ludicrous 3. capable of laughing or inclined to laugh risible : ridicule :: impudent : brazenness rite [rait] n. ;, 1. the prescribed or customary form for conducting a religious or other solemn ceremony 2. a ceremonial act or series of acts rite improvised act improvise,

rive [raiv] vt., ; ( ) : REND 1. to rend or tear apart 2. to break into pieces, as by a blow; cleave or split asunder 3. to break or distress (the spirit, for example) rend, ; ; rive unite riven intact riven <rívәn> [rive ], intact, riveting [r'ivitiŋ] a., : wholly absorbing or engrossing one's attention; fascinating riveting banal, vapid rivulet n., (brook) : a small brook or steam; a streamlet pittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream robust [roubʌśt, róubʌst] a., ; / ;, 1. full of health and strength; vigorous royalty n. ; ; ;, 2. powerfully built; sturdy 3. requiring or suited to physical strength or endurance 4. rough or crude; boisterous royalty : payment :: subpoena : writ (A B) subpoena writ ; 5. marked by richness and fullness; full-bodied robust sick, decrepit rubicund [rú bikʌǹd] a., rodent [róud-әn-t] n. (, ) kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent marsupial <ma:rsjú:piәl> (, ) rosy [róuzi] a. ; ( ), ; 1. a. having the characteristic pink or red color of a rose b. flushed with a healthy glow 2. consisting of, decorated with, or suggestive of a rose or roses 3. bright or cheerful; optimistic roundabout a. : CIRCUITOUS, INDIRECT rotundity [routʌńdәti] n. 1 : marked by roundness : ROUNDED 2 : marked by fullness of sound or cadence : OROTUND, SONOROUS *a master of rotund diction* 3 : notably plump : CHUBBY rotundity <> slimness rouse [rauz] vt. 1. to arouse from slumber, apathy, or depression 2. to excite, as to anger or actin; stir up quell, mollify, move quietly foment, instigate, rouse : inclined to a healthy rosiness; ruddy rubicund pale, pallid, wan rubicundity pallor pallor extreme or unnatural paleness rodomontade [rɑ dәmәntéid] n., : pretentious boasting or bragging; bluster pontificate : dogmatic :: swagger : rodomontade swagger, rubble [rʌ b-әl] n. : a loose mass of angular fragments of rock or masonry crumbled by natural or human forces. rubble <> unbroken stone roil [rɔil] v. ( ) ;, rudder [rʌ dә r] n. ; : a controlling agent or influence over direction; a guide 1. to make (a liquid) muddy or cloudy by stirring up sediment 2. to displease or disturb; vex rude [ru d] a., (impolite);, ;, roil clarify, appease, settle, release rude civil civil, ;, ;, roister [rɔístә r] v., : rudiment [rú dәmәnt] n., ;, CAROUSE 1. to engage in boisterous merrymaking; revel noisily 2. to behave in a blustering manner; swagger roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw carouse <kәráuz>, recluse a person who withdraws from the world to live in seclusion and often in solitude rookie n. ;, professional : rookie :: soldier : recruit recruit ;, roster [rɑśtә r / rɔś-] n. ; 1. a list, especially of names 2. a list of the names of military officers and enlisted personnel enrolled for active duty roster : personnel :: slate : candidate slate, ; roster : staff :: obituary : death obituary ( ) rostrum [rɑśtrәm] n., rostrum : orator :: bench : judge 1. a fundamental element, principle, or skill, as of a field of learning 2. something in an incipient or undeveloped form rudimentary fully developed, fully evolved, completely involved, highly evolved, realized rudimentary ;, incipient,, beginning to exist or appear ruddy [rʌ di] a. ; (reddish) a. having a healthy, reddish color b. reddish; rosy ruddy anemic anemic <әní:mik> ; lacking vitality; listless and weak listless, ; lacking energy or disinclined to exert effort; lethargic rue [ru ] v., : to feel sorrow, remorse, or regret for longing : pine :: remorse : rue (EQUAL) rue satisfaction rueful impenitent impenitent ;

` rueful a., ;, 1. inspiring pity or compassion 2. causing, feeling, or expressing sorrow or regret ruffian [rʌ fiәn] n., : BULLY ruffle [rʌ f-әl] v. ; / ; ( ) vt. 1. to disturb the smoothness or regularity of; ripple 2. to pleat or gather (fabric) into a ruffle 3. to erect (the feathers). used of birds 4. to discompose; fluster 5. to flip through (the pages of a book) fluster, to make or become nervous or upset hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt :: molding : cabinet ruffle soothe, preen ruminate [rú mәnèit] v. : to turn a matter over and over in the mind museful : ruminative :: lamentable : plaintive (EQUAL) muse, ; plaintive,, ruminate : decide :: (A B) ruminative unreflective rumple [rʌḿp-әl] v. : FOLD, WRINKLE : to wrinkle or form into folds or creases rumple : shirt :: rumple preen, glaze preen (trim);, run [rʌn] n. : an unbroken sequence of theatrical performances journal : entries :: run : performance S sabbatical [sәbǽtikәl] a. ; sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuation infatuation, sabotage [sǽbәtɑ ʒ, -tidʒ] vt., n. 1. destruction of property or obstruction of normal operations, as by civilians or enemy agents in time of war 2. treacherous action to defeat or hinder a cause or an endeavor; deliberate subversion saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend sabotage : subversion :: bully : intimidation (EQUAL) subvert / ; / saccharine [sǽkәràin] a. ;, 1. of, relating to, or characteristic of sugar or saccharin; sweet 2. having a cloyingly sweet attitude, tone, or character 3. excessively sentimental sugar : saccharine :: butter : margarine margarine, acerbic saccharine sacrifice [sǽkrәfàis] n. ; 1. a. the act of offering something to a deity in propitiation or homage, especially the ritual slaughter of an animal or a person b. a victim offered in this way 2. a. forfeiture of something highly valued for the sake of one considered to have a greater value or claim b. something so forfeited rupture [rʌṕtʃә r] n., ;,, 1. a. the process of breaking open or bursting b. the state of being broken open 2. a break in friendly relations rupture remain unbreakable 1. to move with soft fluttering or crackling sounds 2. to move or act energetically or with speed 3. to forage food 4. to steal livestock, especially cattle plagiarism : ideas :: rustling : cattle plagiarism <ple idʒiәrìzәm>, 3. a. relinquishment of something at less than its presumed value b. something so relinquished c. a loss so sustained forfeit, ; ;, worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury ruse [ru z] n., : a crafty stratagem; a subterfuge sacrilege [sǽkrәlidʒ] n. paroxysm : sudden :: ruse : deceptive, deceived : desecration, profanation, misuse, or theft of something paroxysm <pæ rәksìzәm> ;, sacred ruse : honest :: sacrilege respect, reverence, pious action pious, (religious, devout);, rustic [rʌśtik] a., ; : RURAL (hypocritical0 1. of, relating to, or typical of country life or country people sacrilegious reverent 2. marked by a lack of sophistication or elegance 3. appropriate for use in the country polished, urbane rude, rustic saddle [sǽdl] v. ( ) ; (, ), urbane polite, refined, and often elegant in manner 1. to put a saddle onto 2. to load or burden; encumber rustle [rʌśliŋ] v. (, ) ; encumber, ( ), ; saddle unload safeguard [séifgɑ rd] n. ; safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination quarantine ( ) ;, sag v., ;, 1. to sink, droop, or settle from pressure or weight 2. to lose vigor, firmness, or resilience 3. to decline, as in value or price

sagacious [sәgéiʃәs] a. (, ) ; : DISCERNING : having or showing keen discernment, sound judgment, and farsightedness prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton :: constancy : turncoat daredevil, ( ) one who is recklessly bold miser : stingy :: sage : judicious sage / ;, one venerated for experience, judgment, and wisdom sage : judgment :: knave : deceit knave <neiv>, sensitive : boor :: sagacity : simpleton (OPPOSITE) constant : stalwart :: judicious : sagacious (EQUAL) sagacious puerile, without wisdom, folly, fatuous puerile <pjúәrәl> ;, fatuous,, sagacity folly, simpleton sage [seidʒ] n. / ;, : one venerated for experience, judgment, and wisdom miser : stingy :: sage : judicious sage : judgment :: knave : deceit knave <neiv>, sage : wisdom :: philanthropist : benevolence sage fool salient [séiliәnt, -ljәnt] a., ;, 1. projecting or jutting beyond a line or surface; protruding 2. strikingly conspicuous; prominent 3. springing; jumping salient : ignore :: incomprehensible : understand subtle : ignore :: salient : observe salient inconspicuous, reentrant, unconspicuous reentrant pointing inward sallow [sǽlou] adj. : of a grayish greenish yellow color sallow <> ruddy salmon [sǽmәn] n. salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist ichthyology <ìkθiálәdʒi> herpetology salubrious [sәlú briәs] a. : conducive or favorable to health or well-being instructive : comprehension :: salubrious : health instructive conveying knowledge or information; enlightening salubrious, salutary baneful, noxious, unhealthy, morbid, squalid, deleterious, virulent baneful ;, causing death, destruction, or ruin; harmful morbid, ; squalid, ;, ; deleterious <dèlitíәriәs> having a harmful effect; injurious virulent <vírjәlәnt>, ;, ; insalubrious wholesome insalubrity healthfulness salutary [sǽljәtèri / -t-әri] a., : CURATIVE 1. effecting or designed to effect an improvement; remedial 2. favorable to health; wholesome deleterious, unhealthy, baneful, deleterious salutary, salubrious deleterious, having a harmful effect; injurious salutation [sæ ljәtéiʃ-әn] n. (, ) ; 1. a. a polite expression of greeting or goodwill b. greetings indicating respect and affection; regards 2. a gesture of greeting, such as a bow or kiss 3. a word or phrase of greeting used to begin a letter salutation : welcome :: salutation deportation ( ) deportation ;, salvage [sǽlvidʒ] n. v. 1. to save from loss or destruction 2. to save (discarded or damaged material) for further use salvage abandon salve [sæ( )v, sɑ v / sælv] v., ; ; 1. an analgesic or medicinal ointment 2. something that soothes or heals; a balm 3. flattery or commendation placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous unctuous ; ;, salve irritant salving catalyst salvo [sǽlvou] n. ; 1. a. s simultaneous discharge of firearms b. the simultaneous release of a rack of bombs from an aircraft c. the projectiles or bombs thus released 2. something resembling a release or discharge of bombs or firearms, as: a. a sudden outburst, as of cheers or praise b. a forceful verbal or written assault sanctify [sǽŋktәfài] vt. ;, : CONSECRATE 1. to set apart for sacred use; consecrate 2. to make holy; purify 3. to give religious sanction to, as with an oath or a vow 4. to give social or moral sanction to 5. to make productive of holiness or spiritual blessing desecrate sanctify, revere desecrate to violate the sacredness of; profane sanctuary [s'æŋ:kt u` ri] n.,, sanctuary : protection :: utopia : perfection sanctimonious [sæ ŋktәmóuniәs] a. : feigning piety or righteousness sanctimonious : devouted :: unctuous : earnest unctuous ; ; ; ( ) sanction [sǽŋkʃәn] v.,, 1. to give official authorization or approval to 2. to encourage or tolerate by indicating approval dismiss sanction sanctuary [sǽŋktʃuèri / --әri] n. ;, sanctuary : protection :: utopia : perfection sanctuary : protection :: wilderness : peril (A = B가 있는 곳) ( ) wilderness,, peril, ; sand [sænd] v. : to smooth or dress by grinding or rubbing with an abrasive (as sandpaper)

varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth sand : dune :: word : sentence water : canal course : banquet sanguine [sǽŋgwin] a. ;, : CONFIDENT, OPTIMISTIC 1. a. (color) of the color of blood; red b. of a healthy reddish color; ruddy 2. cheerfully confident; optimistic sanguine : blooded :: confident : optimistic sanguine despondent, morose, hopeless despondent,, feeling or expressing despondency; dejected morose, sullenly melancholy; gloomy sanitation [sæǹәtéiʃ-әn] n. 1. formulation and application of measures designed to protect public health 2. disposal of sewage(, ) censorship : information :: sanitation : disease noxious wholesome, sanitary, innocuous sanitary ;, insanitation healthfulness sap [sæp] v. : UNDERMINE 1. to undermine the foundations of (a fortification) 2. to deplete or weaken gradually; devitalize sap invigorate, fortify, bolster 2 : the revulsion or disgust caused by overindulgence or excess satiety <> emptiness satire [sǽtaiә r] n., ; 1. a. a literary work in which human vice or folly is attacked through irony, derision, or wit b. the branch of literature constituting such works 2. irony, sarcasm, or caustic wit used to attack or expose folly, vice, or stupidity panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize panegyric / ; satire : ridicule :: elegy : sorrow satire : lampoon :: diligence : effort reportage : journalist :: ridicule : satirist reportage ; limerick : poem :: lampoon : satire (A B) limerick 5 satire comfort saturated [sǽtʃәrèitid] a. 1. unable to hold or contain more; full 2. soaked with moisture; drenched satiated : food :: saturated : moisture small : minuscule :: moist : saturated (A << B) minuscule <mínәskjù:l>, ; very small; tiny obliterate : remove :: saturate : wet (A >> B) saturated : wet :: peeved : annoy (EQUAL, 형 : 동) sapient [séipiәnt] a. : having great wisdom and discernment sapient foolish sapling [sǽpliŋ] n. / : a young tree; specifically : one not over four inches in diameter at breast height sarcasm [s'a.:rkæz: m] n.,, 1. a cutting, often ironic remark intended to wound 2. a form of wit that is marked by the use of sarcastic language and is intended to make its victim the butt of contempt or ridicule 3. the use of sarcasm sarcasm praise sartorial [sɑ rtɔ riәl] a., : of or relating to a tailor, tailoring, or tailored clothing tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel tonsorial ( ) of or relating to barbering or a barber sate, ; 1. to satisfy (an appetite) fully 2. to satisfy to excess sate starve satiate [séiʃièit] v. 1. to satisfy (an appetite or a desire) fully 2. to satisfy to excess satiated : food :: saturated : moisture satiate tantalize, usurp, starve tantalize sate [seit] v. = satiate sate starve satiety [sәtáiәti] n. 1 : the quality or state of being fed or gratified to or beyond capacity : SURFEIT, FULLNESS saturnine [sǽtә rnàin] a. ;, ; 1. having the temperament of one born under the supposed astrological influence of Saturn 2. a. melancholy or sullen b. having or marked by a tendency to be bitter or sardonic 3. produced by absorption of lead sardonic, scornfully or cynically mocking despondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy (EQUAL) despondency depression of spirits from loss of hope, confidence, or courage; dejection saturnine jovial, genial, mercurial saucy a., 1. a. impertinent or disrespectful b. impertinent in an entertaining way; impossible to repress or control 2. piquant; pert impertinent, ;, pert, ; ( ) saunter [sɔ ntә r, sɑ n-] v. : to walk at a leisurely pace; stroll prate : speak :: saunter : walk prate to talk idly and at length; chatter savanna [sәvǽnә] n., : a flat grassland of tropical or subtropical regions savanna slope savant [sævɑ nt] n. 1. a learned person; a scholar 2. n idiot savant savant unlearned person

savory [séivәri] a., ; ;, 1. appetizing to the taste or smell 2. piquant, pungent, or salty to the taste; not sweet 3. morally respectable; inoffensive mellifluous : sound :: savory : taste savory noisome, acrid noisome ; offensive to the point of arousing disgust; harmful or dangerous acrid (, ), ; savvy [sǽvi] a. : well informed and perceptive; shrewd savvy simpleton, simplicity savvy tactless tactless, sawdust n. soot : combustion :: sawdust : woodcutting soot wood : sawdust :: metal : filing scabbard n. ( ) : a sheath, as for a dagger or sword sheath <ʃi:θ> ; dagger : scabbard :: pistol : holster holster scad n., : a large number or amount. often used in the plural scads paucity scald v. ; ; 1. to burn with or as if with hot liquid or steam 2. to subject to or treat with boiling water 3. to heat (a liquid, such as milk) almost to the boiling point 4. to criticize harshly; excoriate scale [skeil] n., gauge : pressure :: scale : weight (gauge는 압력과 직접적인 관련이 없음) ( ) color : spectrum :: tone : scale scale : weight :: yardstick : length yardstick ;, color : spectrum :: tone : scale scalpel [skǽlp-әl] n. a small, straight knife with a thin, sharp blade used in surgery and dissection scalpel : surgeon :: telescope : astronomer tackiness : adhesive :: sharpness : scalpel tacky scan [skæn] vt. 1. to examine closely 2. to look over quickly and systematically 3. to look over or leaf through hastily 4. to analyze (verse) into metrical patterns scan : metrical :: parse : grammatical scant [skænt] a., ; 1. barely sufficient 2. falling short of a specific measure 3. inadequately supplied; short scant : considerable :: (OPPOSITE) scant considerable, abundant, plenty, voluminous, profuse, myriad, affluent scanty [skǽnti] a., 1. barely sufficient or adequate 2. insufficient, as in extent or degree voluminous scanty, scarce myriad, profuse scanty myriad constituting a very large, indefinite number; innumerable scanty abundant scapegoat [skéipgòut] n., : one that is made to bear the blame of others scarce [skɛә rs] a., 1. insufficient to meet a demand or requirement; short in supply 2. hard to find; absent or rare superfluity scarcity myriad few, scarce myriad constituting a very large, indefinite number; innumerable scare [skɛә r] v. : to strike with sudden fear; alarm scare : terrified :: bully : scare :: scarp [skɑ rp] n. : an escarpment escarpment, scathing [skéiðiŋ] a., 1. bitterly denunciatory; harshly critical 2. harmful or painful; injurious scathing politely/calmly complimentary schematic [ski( )mǽtik] a., of, relating to, or in the form of a scheme or diagram scheme [ski m] v. ; : INTRIGUE 1. to plot 2. to contrive a plan or scheme for follow : shadow :: plot : scheme schism [síz-әm] n., 1. a separation or division into factions 2. a. a formal breach of union within a Christian church b. the offense of attempting to produce such a breach 3. disunion; discord schism : consensus :: interruption : continuity (OPPOSITE) schism unity, concord, accord, unanimity school n. ( ) : a large group of aquatic animals, especially fish, swimming together; a shoal school : fish :: flock : birds scintillate v. ; 1. to throw off sparks; flash 2. to sparkle or shine 3. to be animated and brilliant scintillating dull, fool scion [sáiәn] n. : DESCENDANT : a descendant or an heir scion ancestor scission [s'i3: n] n.,, : the act of cutting or severing; division or fission scission unification

scissor (pl.) pestle : grinding :: scissors : cutting saw : carpenter :: scissors : tailor scoff [skɔ f, skɑf] v., : to mock at or treat with derision pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless bluster ; prate to talk idly and at length; chatter scoff : contemptible :: thank : grateful scoff : contempt :: thank : gratitude scooter [skú tә r] n. v., oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter ( ) scorch [skɔ rtʃ] v., ; : PARCH 1. to burn superficially so as to discolor or damage the texture 2. to wither or parch with intense heat 3. to destroy by or as if by fire (all land and buildings in one's path) so as to leave nothing salvageable to an enemy army 4. to subject to severe censure; excoriate dampen scorch score [skɔ r] n. director : script :: conductor : score script : drama :: score : music notes : score :: symbols : rebus rebus <rí:bәs> score : instrument :: 2 : an instrument of punishment or criticism 3 : a cause of wide or great affliction scourge <> rewarding scowl [skaul] vi. :to wrinkle or contract the brow as an expression of anger or disapproval scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection scrap [skræp] v., 1. to break down into parts for disposal or salvage 2. to discard as worthless; junk scrap retrieve scrappy [skrǽpi] a. 1. quarrelsome; contentious 2. full of fighting spirit scrappy timorous timorous, full of apprehensiveness; timid scrawl [skríb-әl] v., SCRIBBLE : to write hastily or illegibly scrawl carefully write screw [skru:] n. gear : tooth :: screw : thread (A = B의 집합으로 이루어짐) scribble [skr'ibl] v. 1. to write hurriedly without heed to legibility or style 2. to cover with scribbles, doodles, or meaningless marks tinker : adjust :: scribble : write :: mumble : talk tinker ; / to make unskilled or experimental efforts at repair scorn [skɔ rn] vt. 1. to consider or treat as contemptible or unworthy 2. to reject or refuse with derision scorn : reject :: disparage : ignore (DEFECTIVE) scorn,, scorn : reject :: adulate : flatter (A >> B) adulate to praise or admire excessively; fawn on deferential : offend :: scornful : respect (OPPOSITE) redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard redoubtable ; arousing fear or awe; worthy of respect or honor venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn (EQUAL) adulate, venerate scorn scotch [skɑtʃ / skɔtʃ] v., ;, ; probity unscrupulousness probity,, complete and confirmed integrity; 1. to put an abrupt end to uprightness 2. to injure so as to render harmless scrutable [skrú tәb-әl a. 3. to cut or score scotch unfasten : capable of being understood through study and scotch encourage observation; comprehensible mysterious scrutable scour [skauә r] vt. 1. a. to clean, polish, or wash by scrubbing vigorously b. to remove by scrubbing 2. to remove dirt or grease from (cloth or fibers) by means of a detergent 3. to clean (wheat) before the milling process 4. to clear (an area) by freeing of weeds or other vegetation 5. to clear (a channel or pipe) by flushing scour : wash :: scourge [skә rdʒ] n. / 1 : WHIP; especially : one used to inflict pain or punishment script [script] n. director : script :: conductor : score script : drama :: score : music, symphony scruple n. ;,, ; 1. an uneasy feeling arising from conscience or principle that tends to hinder action 2. ( 1.296g) 3. a minute part or amount scrupulous [skrú pjәlәs] a., ;, : CONSCIENTIOUS 1. conscientious and exact; painstaking 2. having scruples; principled scrutinize [skrú t-әnàiz] v., : to examine or observe with great care; inspect critically scrutinize : gloss :: delve : skim gloss ; delve to search deeply and laboriously scrutinize : glimpse, glance :: delve : skim scrutinize : look :: contemplate : thought contemplate,,

` observe : scrutinize :: question : grill (A << B) headstrong : advice :: secretive : scrutiny (A = B를 거부함) scrutiny casual glance scrutinize gloss over circumspect audacious unscrupulous scuff [skʌf] v. : to scrape the feet while walking; shuffle scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization sculpt, sculpture ( ) sculptor [skʌĺptә r] n. canvas : painter :: marble : sculptor author : novel :: sculptor : marble statue : sculpture :: ode : poem (A B) scurrilous [skә rәlәs, skʌ -] a. 1. given to the use of vulgar, coarse, or abusive language; foul-mouthed 2. expressed in vulgar, coarse, and abusive language scurrilous : propriety :: mercurial : constancy scurvy [skә rvi] a.,, : DESPICABLE :mean; contemptible scurvy above reproach, simplicity scythe [saið] n. scythe : reaper :: axe : woodcutter seamy [sí mi] a., ;, ;, 1. sordid; base 2. having, marked with, or showing a seam sordid, ;, ;, seamy decent and respectable seascape n. ; / : a view or picture of the sea portrait : person :: seascape : ocean secluded [siklú did] a., 1. removed or remote from others; solitary 2. screened from view; sequestered sequester, ; / hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous hermitage, ; landmark, ; secrete [sikrí t] vt. ;. : to generate and separate (a substance) from cells or bodily fluids 1. to conceal in a hiding place; cache 2. to steal secretly; filch frank : secretiveness :: honest : theft secrete absorb secrete divulge divulge, to make known (something private or secret) secretiveness honest secular [sékjәlә r] a., ; 1. worldly rather than spiritual 2. not specifically relating to religion or to a religious body 3. relating to or advocating secularism( ) 4. not bond by monastic restrictions, especially not belonging to a religious order monastic ;, secure [sikjúә r] v. (, ), : if you secure an object, you fasten it firmly to another object. secure <> unfasten sedate [sidéit] a., : serenely deliberate, composed, and dignified in character or manner sedative : drowsiness :: anesthetic : numbness anesthetic sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize sterilize / ; ;, sedation riot sedate flighty, roil, disturb, riot flighty <fláiti>, sedentary [séd-әntèri / -t-әri] a. : SETTLED 1. characterized by or requiring much sitting 2. accustomed to sitting or to taking little exercise 3. remaining or living in one area, as certain birds; not migratory 4. attached to a surface and not moving freely, as a barnacle( ) migratory, peripatetic sedentary, rooted peripatetic, ; sedition [sidíʃ-әn] n. / : incitement of resistance to or insurrection against lawful authority seduce [sidjú s] vt., ; 1. to lead away from duty, accepted principles, or proper conduct 2. to induce to engage in sex 3. a. to entice or beguile into a desired state or position b. to win over; attract seduce discourage sedulous [sédʒulәs] a., : persevering and constant in effort or application; assiduous sedulous careless, lazy sedulity lack of industriousness seedy a. ;, ; 1. having many seeds 2. resembling seeds or a seed 3. worn and shabby; unkempt 4. tired or sick; unwell 5. somewhat disreputable; squalid seemly [sí mli] a. ; : DECOROUS 1. conforming to standards of conduct and good taste; suitable 2. of pleasing appearance; handsome ribald : seemly :: labyrinthine : direct (OPPOSITE) ribald <ríbәld>, characterized by or indulging in vulgar, lewd humor seemly uncouth, ribald, indecorous uncouth <ʌnkú:θ>, ;, segment [s'egm nt] v., : to divide or become divided into segments segment make whole segregate v. / ; ( ) 1. to separate or isolate from others or from a main body or group 2. to impose the separation of (a race or class) from the rest

of society selective [sil'ektiv] a., ;, 1. of or characterized by selection; discriminating 2. empowered or tending to select selective obligatory self-abasement (self-humiliation), ; (modesty); degradation or humiliation of oneself, especially because of feelings of guilt or inferiority self-abasement self-asserting, self-aggrandizement self-effacing a., : not drawing attention to oneself; modest self-effacing self-aggrandizing semblance [sémblәns] n.,, ;, ; : MODICUM 1. an outward or token appearance 2. a representation; a copy 3. the barest trace; a modicum semblance authentic article seminal [sémәnl] a., ;, 1. of, relating to, or having the power to originate; creative 2. highly influential in an original way; constituting or providing a basis for further development seminal hampering further development seminal derivative seminary [sémәnèri / -nәri] n. ; ( ) 1. a. a school, especially a theological school for the training of priests, ministers, or rabbis b. a school of higher education, especially a private school for girls 2. a place or environment in which something is developed or nurtured conservatory : music :: seminary : theology :: observatory : astronomy seminary : theologian :: conservatory : artist senility [sinílәti] n. : the quality or state of being senile; specifically : the physical and mental infirmity of old age senility <> youth sensate a. 1. perceived by a sense or the senses 2. having physical sensation numb sensate bribe : incorruptible :: affect, rouse : insensible sensation anesthesia, unnoticed event, numbness anesthesia <æ nisθí:ʒә> ; sensitive [sénsәtiv] a., obstinate : preserve :: tactless, insensitive : offend insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp sensitization : allergic :: habituation : inured (EQUAL) sensitivity : boor :: sagacity : simpleton sensitive : boor :: sagacious : simpleton quixotic : idealistic :: touchy : sensitive (A >> B) tactile : touch :: sentient : emotion tactile <tæ ktil> ; tangible sentient ; sensitive numb insensitive tender = sensitive sentimental, sentient unconscious sententious [senténʃәs] adj. : terse, aphoristic, or moralistic in expression : PITHY, EPIGRAMMATIC sententious <> wordy sentient [sénʃәnt] a. / 1. having sense perception; conscious 2. experiencing sensation or feeling sentient, sentimental unconscious tactile : touch :: sentient : emotion tactile <tæ ktәl> ; insentient perceiving sentinel [séntәnәl] n., : one that keeps guard; a sentry sentry, ;, sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating sentry n., ;, 1. a guard, especially a soldier posted at a given spot to prevent the passage of unauthorized persons 2. the duty of a sentry; watch sepsis n., 1. the presence of pathogenic organisms or their toxins in the blood or tissues 2. the poisoned condition resulting from the presence of pathogens or their toxins, as in septicemia septic [séptik] a., septic free of infection sepulchral [sәpʌĺkrәl] a. ; : FUNEREAL, MORTUARY 1. of or elating to a burial vault or a receptacle for sacred relics sensation [senséiʃәn] n. ;, ;,, 1. a. a perception associated with stimulation of a sense organ or with a specific body condition b. the faculty to feel or perceive; physical sensibility c. an 2. suggestive of the grave; funereal mortuary, sepulchral merry indefinite, generalized body feeling 2. a state of heightened interest or emotion 3. a. a state of intense public interest and excitement b. a cause of such interest and excitement analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation analgesic anesthetic sequel n., numb : sensation :: stiff : suppleness supple ; ;, numb : insensible :: burnish : lustrous lustrous ;, ; sequela [sikwí lә] n. ; 1. something that follows; a continuation 2. a literary work complete in itself but continuing the narrative of an earlier work 3. a result or consequence 1. a pathological condition resulting from a disease 2. a secondary consequence or result precursor sequela

sequester [sikwéstәr] vt., 1. to cause to withdraw into seclusion 2. to remove or set apart; segregate sequester : seclusion :: endanger : jeopardy jeopardy risk of loss or injury; peril or danger sequester permit to mingle seraphic [sirǽfik] a. ; diabolical seraphic diabolic, diabolical, ;, satanic sere [siәr] a., : withered; dry sere lush, damp lush,, serendipity [sèrәndípәti] n. : the faculty of making fortunate discoveries by accident serendipitous : effort :: ineluctable : chance ineluctable, not to be avoided or escaped; inevitable serene [sir'i:n.] a., ;, 1. unaffected by disturbance; calm and unruffled 2. unclouded; fair perturb : serenity :: console : grief :: reassure : doubt perturbed : serenity :: impertinent : propriety impertinent, ; disturb : serenity :: intrude : privacy restless : serenity :: deferential : insolent serene tumultuous, vociferous serenity furor, havoc, pandemonium, tumult, bedlam, riot furor <fjú:әrɔ:r>, havoc <hæ vәrk>, 1. widespread destruction; devastation 2. disorder or chaos pandemonium ; a very noisy place; wild uproar or noise bedlam, a place or situation of noisy uproar and confusion serf n. ; ( ) serfdom serfdom lord serfdom feudal lord feudal ; sermon [s' :rm n] n. 1. a religious discourse delivered as part of a church service 2. an often lengthy and tedious speech of reproof or exhortation nitpicker : criticize :: preacher : sermon :: quibbler : cavil homiletics : sermon :: logic : argument homiletics the art of preaching serfdom [sә rfdәm] n. serf : a member of a servile feudal class bound to the land and subject to the will of its owner serfdom <> (feudal) lord resembling the teeth or a saw 2. having a saw-toothed edge or margin notched with toothlike projections serrated smooth, without notches notch ; ( );, serried [sérid] a., : COMPACT : pressed or crowded together, especially in rows serried widely separated servile [sә rvil, -vail] a. ;, ; : abjectly submissive; slavish compliant : servile :: trusting : gullible (A << B) gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination chicanery, 1. deception by trickery or sophistry 2. a trick; a subterfuge imperious : servile :: bellicose : peaceable (OPPOSITE) bellicose warlike in manner or temperament; pugnacious bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan tolerant, impetuous : hesitate :: irrepressible : servile (OPPOSITE) irrepressible difficult or impossible to control or restrain obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive (A = B :: A >> B) ( ) obsequious, full of or exhibiting servile compliance; fawning sever v., ; ; 1. to set or keep apart; divide or separate 2. to cut off (a part) from a whole 3. to break up (a relationship, for example); dissolve severe [sivíә r] a., ; : STRINGENT, RESTRICTIVE mitigate : severe :: qualify : general (A = B하지 않게 하다) mitigate to moderate (a quality or condition) in force or intensity; alleviate palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity (EQUAL) palmy, ; prosperous; flourishing shabby [ʃǽbi] a., ;, 1. wearing threadbare clothing 2. a. showing signs of wear and tear; threadbare or worn-out b. dilapidated or deteriorated in condition, especially through neglect; seedy 3. a. despicable; mean b. not generous or just; unfair c. of mediocre or substandard quality shabby smart smart ( ), ;, ; ; shackle [ʃǽk-әl] n., ;, : IMPEDE emancipate, loose shackle emancipate, to free from bondage, oppression, or restraint; liberate serpentine [sә rp-әntàin,-tì n] a. ;, shackle [ʃǽk-әl] v. ; 1. to confine with shackles; fetter 2. to fasten or connect with a shackle 3. to restrict, confine, or hamper shackle loose (동사 동사) 1. of or resembling a serpent, as in form or movement; sinuous 2. subtly sly and tempting serpent ( ) ; ( ) serpentine : directness :: serrate [sérәt, séreit] a., 1. having or forming a row of small, sharp, projections shadow [ʃǽdou] vt. ; : to follow, especially in secret; trail

follow : shadow :: leave : abscond :: plot : scheme :: hear : eavesdrop scheme to make plans, especially secret or devious ones shadowy overt shadowy,, overt, open and observable; not hidden, concealed, or secret trail lead shaft [ʃæft, ʃɑ ft] n. : a long, narrow, often vertical passage sunk into the earth, as for mining ore; a tunnel shaft : lode :: well : aquifer lode ; aquifer <æ kwәfәr> [ ] shallow [ʃǽlou] a. ;, : SUPERFICIAL 1. measuring little from bottom to top or surface; lacking physical depth 2. lacking depth of intellect, emotion, or knowledge shallowness profundity, realization shallow profound sham [ʃæm] n., ; 1. something false or empty that is purported to be genuine; s spurious imitation 2. the quality of deceitfulness; empty pretense 3. one who assumes false character; an impostor 4. a decorative cover made to simulate an article of household linen and used ver or in lace of it debunk perpetuate to sham debunk to expose or ridicule the falseness, sham, or exaggerated claims of sham genuine, debunk shard [ʃɑ rd] n. ( ) ; shard : ceramic :: crumb : cake shard : pottery :: morsel : food :: fragment : bone :: fragment : bone :: crumb : bread morsel <mɔ :rsәl> ;, shelter [ʃéltә r] v. ;, : PROTECT conspicuous : sheltered :: (OPPOSITE) hedgerow : fence :: arbor : shelter (A B) hedgerow arbor, sheep [ʃi p] n. sheep : ewe :: swan : pen ewe <ju:> cf. ram pen shiftless [ʃíftlis] a. ; : LAZY 1. a. lacking ambition or purpose; lazy b. characterized by a lack of ambition or energy 2. lacking resourcefulness or efficiency; incompetent shiftless : ambition :: ingenuous : guile ingenuous, ;, shifty a., ;, ; 1. having, displaying, or suggestive of deceitful character; evasive or untrustworthy 2. distinguished by frequent changes in direction 3. able to accomplish what is needed; resourceful probity shiftiness shipshape [ 'ip `eip] a.,, : marked by meticulous order and neatness; tidy shipshape : disarray :: squalid : cleanliness shirk [ʃә rk] v. : to avoid or neglect (a duty or responsibility) duty : shirk :: question : parry :: crowd : recluse parry ( ), ; ( ), parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk parsimony unusual or excessive frugality; extreme economy or stinginess recluse : society :: shirked : duty hoard : miser :: malinger : shirk shirk pass through the center shiver [ 'iv :r] v. ; 1. to shake with or as if with cold; tremble 2. to quiver or vibrate, as by the force of the wind shiver calm shoal [ʃoul] n. ;, ; ( ), 1. a shallow place in a body of water 2. a sandy elevation of the bottom of a body of water, constituting a hazard to navigation; a sandbank or sandbar 1. a large group; a crowd 2. a large school of fish or other marine animals shoal deep shoal suspicion suspicion, ;, ;, shopworn [ʃɑpwɔ rn] a. ;, 1. tarnished, frayed, faded, or otherwise defective from being on display in a store 2. worn-out, as from overuse; trite fray, ; ( ) shopworn new shore [ʃɔ r] n. ; v. : the land bordering a usually large body of water; specifically : COAST : to give support to : BRACE - usually used with up shred [ʃred] n., ; 1. a long, irregular strip cut or torn off 2. a small amount; a particle shred : remnant :: remnant ;, shrewd [ʃru d] a., 1. characterized by keen awareness, sharp intelligence, and often a sense of the practical 2. disposed to artful and cunning practices; tricky 3. sharp; penetrating shrewd : naif :: (OPPOSITE) shrewd foolish, naive, naif, myopic myopia ;, shrewdness humility, myopia shrine [ rain] n. ;,, 1. a container or receptacle for sacred relics; a reliquary 2. a. the tomb of a venerated person, such as a saint b. a place at which devotion is paid to a venerated person 3. a site hallowed by a venerated object or its associations shrine : pilgrim :: peak : climber pilgrim ( ) ;, shrink [ʃriŋk] v., ; ; 1. to become constricted from heat, moisture, or cold 2. to become reduced in amount or value; dwindle

3. to draw back instinctively, as from something alarming; recoil 4. to show reluctance; hesitate shrivel v.,, 1. to become or make shrunken and wrinkled, often by drying 2. to lose or cause to lose vitality or intensity 3. to become or make much less or smaller shroud n.,, n. 1. a cloth used to wrap a body for burial; a winding sheet 2. something that conceals, protects, or screens v. 1. to wrap (a corpse) in burial clothing 2. to shut off from sight; screen, debunk shroud shrug [ʃrʌg] v to raise (the shoulders), especially as a gesture of doubt, disdain, or indifference embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference :: blush : embarrassment :: node : agreement shrug : indifference :: bow : respect shuffle v., ; 1. to slide (the feet) along the floor or ground while walking 2. to move (something) from one lace to another; transfer or shift 3. to put aside or under cover quickly; shunt 4. to mix together; jumble shun [ʃʌn] v. : to avoid deliberately; keep away from frequent, haunt shun haunt <hɔ:nt> ; ( ) shun frequent, haunt, seek actively shunt [ʃʌnt] v.,, (, ) 1. to turn or move aside or onto another course 2. to evade by putting aside or ignoring 3. to switch (a train or car) from one track to another divert : shunt :: retard : brake shuttle [ʃʌ tl] n. : v. to go, move, or travel back and forth by or as if by a shuttle sibilant [síbәlәnt] a. ; : HISSING : of, characterized by, or producing a hissing sound hiss : sibilant :: drone : monotonous drone, ; sidereal [saidí-әriәl] a., : ASTRAL 1. of, relating to, or concerned with the stars or constellations; stellar 2. measured or determined by means of the apparent daily motion of the stars arboreal : trees :: sidereal : stars star : sidereal :: emotion : affective affective concerned with or arousing feelings or emotions; emotional fluvial : river :: sidereal : star fluvial, ; ( ) sidestep [s'aidst'ep] v. ; 1. to step aside 2. to dodge an issue or a responsibility sidestep confront directly sigh [sai] v. / : GRIEVE, YEARN signal [sígn-әl] a. ;, : notably out of the ordinary signal unremarkable simper [símpә r] v. : to smile in a silly, self-conscious, often coy manner simper : smile :: babble : talk simpleton [símp-әlt-әn] n. : a person who is felt to be deficient in judgment, good sense, or intelligence; a fool prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton :: constancy : turncoat sagacity the quality of being discerning, sound in judgment, and farsighted; wisdom turncoat : constancy :: simpleton : prudent simpleton sagacity simplicity [simplísәti] n., ;,, ; 1. the property, condition, or quality of being simple or uncombined 2. absence of luxury or showiness; plainness 3. absence of affectation or pretense 4. a. lack of sophistication or subtlety b. lack of good sense or intelligence; foolishness 5. a. clarity of expression b. austerity in embellishment scurvy simplicity scurvy,, mean; contemptible simulate [símjәlèit] vt., : IMITATE 1. a. to have or take on the appearance, form, or sound of; imitate b. to make in imitation of or as a substitute for 2. to make a pretense of; feign 3. to create a representation or model of (a physical system or particular situation, for example) simulation authentic article sin [sin] n. peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation (A << B) castigate, to inflict severe punishment on; to criticize severely sincere [sinsíә r] a. : PURE 1. not feigned or affected; genuine 2. being without hypocrisy or pretense; true authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness poseur <pouz ә:r> poseur sincere person badinage sincere conversation badinage, sinecure [sáinikjùә r, síni-] n., : a position or office that requires little or no work but provides a salary sinecure arduous employment arduous, ;, sinew [sínju ] n., ; : POWER 1. a tendon 2. vigorous strength; muscular power 3. the source or mainstay of vitality and strength tendon

a band of tough, inelastic fibrous tissue that connects a muscle with its bony attachment tendinous : sinewy :: penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous (OPPOSITE) penitent, feeling or expressing remorse for one's misdeeds or sins tendinous ; = sinewy <sínju:i> votary, credence skeptic sinew weakness, frailty votary, ; credence,, singe [sind3] vt. ; ; ; skeptical credulous ( ) skepticism credulity, conviction 1. to burn superficially; scorch 2. to burn off the feathers or bristles of (a carcass of a bird or an animal) by subjecting briefly to flame 3. to burn the ends of (hair, for example) 4. to burn the nap from (cloth) in manufacturing carcass ( ) ; ; ( ) singe : incinerate :: erode : destruction (A << B) incinerate, singular [síŋgjәlә r] a., ;, : UNUSUAL 1. being only one; individual 2. being the only one of a kind; unique 3. being beyond what is ordinary or usual; remarkable 4. deviating from the usual or expected; odd worldly singular sinister [sínistә r] a., ;, 1. suggesting or threatening evil 2. presaging trouble; ominous 3. attended by or causing disaster or inauspicious circumstances 4. on the left side; left sinister : welcome :: sinuate v. : to bend or curve; wind in and out sinuous [sínjuәs] a. ;, :WINDING 1. characterized by many curves or turns; winding 2. characterized by supple and lithe movements 3. not direct; devious 4. sinuate sinuous direct sip [sip] vi. : to drink in small quantities sip : drink :: mince : walk mince, ; swill, quaff : sip :: gobble : nibble :: quaff : sip :: stride : mince quaff, swill to drink greedily or grossly gobble, stride to walk with long steps, especially in a hasty or vigorous way ruthless : mercy :: insipid : flavor swill sip sketchy [skétʃi] a., ;, ; : SLIGHT, SUPERFICIAL 1. resembling a sketch; giving only major points or parts 2. a. lacking in substance or completeness; incomplete b. slight; superficial fawn : imperiousness :: elaborate : sketchy skew [skju:] a. (oblique), (slanting); (asymmetric) 1. placed or turned to one side; asymmetrical 2. distorted or biased in meaning or effect 3. having a part that diverges, as in gearing skew aligned skimp [skimp] v. 1. to deal with hastily, carelessly, or with poor material 2. to give inadequate funds to; be stingy with parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk skimpy liberal, profuse skirmish [sk' :rmi ] n. ; 1. a minor battle in war, as one between small forces or between large forces avoiding direct conflict 2. a minor or preliminary conflict or dispute skirmish : insignificance :: duel : formality duel ( ),, skirt [skә rt] vt. ; ; 1. to lie along or form the edge of; border 2. to pass around rather than across or through 3. to pass close to; miss narrowly 4. to evade, as by circumlocution circumlocution, ; skirt seek, face skirt pass the center directly, pass through the center of skit [skit] n., 1. a short, usually comic dramatic performance or work; a theatrical sketch 2. a short humorous or satirical piece of writing skit : revue :: revue vignette : scene :: skit : drama vignette <vinje t> ( ) ; skit : play :: anecdote : narrative anecdote : story :: skit : play siren [sái-әrәn] n. ([ ) ;, ;, skittish [skítiʃ] a., ; siren : unresisting :: juggernaut : unstoppable siren : heard :: beacon : seen siren : sound :: beacon : light beacon ; 1. moving quickly and lightly; lively 2. restlessly active or nervous; restive 3. undependably variable; mercurial or fickle 4. shy; bashful skeleton n., ; ;, skeleton : animal :: framing : building skeptic [sképtik] a. n. : one who instinctively or habitually doubts, questions, or disagrees with assertions or generally accepted conclusions slacken [slækn] v., 1. to make or become slower; slow down 2. to make or become less tense, taut, or firm; loosen 3. to make or become less vigorous, intense, or severe; ease

slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength slacken : tension :: blunt : sharpness slab [slæb] n. ; ( ) 1. a broad, flat, thick piece, as of cake, stone, or cheese 2. an outside piece cut from a log when squaring it for lumber slab sliver sliver slight [slait] a., ; ; ;, v.,, 1. to treat as of small importance; make light of slack [slæk] a., ; (careless), 2. to treat with discourteous reserve or inattention (indolent);, (sluggish); (dull) 1. moving slowly; sluggish 2. lacking in activity; not busy 3. not tense or taut; loose 4. lacking firmness; flaccid 5. lacking in diligence or due care or concern; negligent 6. flowing or blowing with little speed 3. to do negligently or thoughtlessly; scant celebration : lament :: slight : show respect (OPPOSITE) slight ponderous, grievous, prodigious, massive, unwieldy prodigious, ;, unwieldy (, ) ; (unmanageable); slight show respect to, cosset cosset, to pamper slack taut slacken tauten sling n. ; ; splint : immobilize :: sling : support slake [sleik] vt. (, ), : SATISFY, QUENCH 1. to satisfy (a craving); quench 2. to lessen the force or activity of; moderate 3. to cool or refresh by wetting or moistening gratify : desire :: slake : thirsty :: satiate : hunger gratify, to please or satisfy; to give what is desired to slant [slænt] v., 1. to give a direction other than perpendicular or horizontal to; cause to slope 2. to present so as to conform to a particular bias or appeal to a certain audience slant assert without bias slapdash [slæpdæ ʃ] a. : HAPHAZARD, SLIPSHOD : hasty and careless, as in execution slate [sleit] n., ; 1. a fine-grained metamorphic rock that splits into thin, smooth-surfaced layers 2. a. a piece of this rock cut for use as roofing or surfacing material or as a writing surface b. a writing tablet made of a similar material 3. a record of past performance or activity 4. a list of the candidates of a political party running for various offices roster : personnel :: slate : candidate roster ; sleek 1. smooth and lustrous as if polished; glossy 2. well-groomed and neatly tailored 3. healthy or well-fed; thriving 4. polished or smooth in manner, especially in an unctuous way; slick unctuous ; ; ; ( slew [slu ] n. : a large amount or number; a lot slew limited quantity, paucity slick a., ;, 1. smooth, glossy, and slippery ) 2. deftly executed; adroit 3. shrewd; wily 4. superficially attractive or plausible but lacking depth or soundness; glib viscid slick viscid, slink [sliŋk] v. / : to move in a quiet, furtive manner; sneak slink strut, walk openly strut to walk wit pompous bearing; swagger slippery [slípәri] a. ;, 1. causing or tending to cause sliding or slipping 2. tending to slip, as from one's grasp 3. not trustworthy; elusive or tricky dingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere dingy, glisten to shine by reflection with a sparkling luster splint : mobility :: ballast : instability :: purchase : slippery purchase, ;, ;, ;, slippery : elude :: alluring : entice ( : ) slipshod [slipʃɑ d] a., : SLOPPY, SLOVENLY 1. marked by carelessness; sloppy or slovenly 2. slovenly in appearance; shabby or seedy slipshod assiduous, fastidious, painstaking, neat assiduous, ; fastidious, slogan [slóugәn] n. 1. a phrase expressing the aims or nature of an enterprise, an organization, or a candidate; a motto 2. a phrase used repeatedly, as in advertising or promotion sloppy [slɑṕi / slɔṕi] a., : SLIPSHOD a., ;, ;, 1. marked by a lack of neatness or order; untidy 2. marked by a lack of care or precision; slipshod sloppy natty sloth [slouɵ, slɔ ɵ] n., : aversion to work or exertion; laziness; indolence indolence, habitual laziness; sloth sloth industry slouch [slautʃ] v. ; ( ) 1. to sit, stand, or walk with an awkward, drooping, excessively relaxed posture 2. to droop or hang carelessly, as a hat slouch stand erect

sloven [slʌ v-әn] n. : one who is habitually careless in personal appearance or work dilapidate, to bring or fall into a state of partial ruin, decay, or disrepair dowdy, (shabby) slovenly [sl' v nli] a., ;, smattering [smǽtәriŋ] n. ; 1. untidy, as in dress or appearance 2. marked by negligence; slipshod indulged : adherent :: slovenly : dapper slovenly tidy, natty, dapper 1. superficial or piecemeal knowledge 2. a small, scattered amount or number stare : leer :: peruse : smatter leer, to look with a sidelong glance peruse <pәrú:z> /, to read or examine, sluggard n., typically with great care : a slothful person; an idler erudite smattering of knowledge, ignorant, unlettered rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy smirk [smә rk] v. ( ) : SIMPER sluggish a., ; ;, 1. displaying little movement or activity; slow; inactive 2. lacking alertness, vigor, or energy; inert or indolent 3. slow to perform or respond to stimulation alacritous sluggish slumber [slʌḿbә r] v. ; 1. to sleep 2. to be dormant or quiescent quiescent ; being quiet, still, or at rest; inactive slumber awake slur [slә r] v., ; ;, 1. to pronounce indistinctly 2. to speak slightingly of; disparage 3. to pass over lightly or carelessly; treat without due consideration slur : speech :: smudge : writing smudge, ; slur pronounce clearly sly [slai] a. ;, : DISSEMBLING 1. adept in craft or cunning 2. lacking or marked by a lack of candor 3. playfully mischievous; roguish sly artless, ingenuous : to smile in an affected, often offensively self-satisfied manner smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision smug, ;, smoke [smouk] n. smoke : pollutant :: backache : pain smother [smʌ ðә r] vt., ; ;, 1. a. to suffocate (another) b. to deprive (a fire) of the oxygen necessary for combustion 2. to conceal, suppress, or hide 3. to cover (a foodstuff) thickly with another foodstuff 4. to lavish a surfeit of a given emotion on (someone) smother : choke :: (EQUAL) smoke : pollutant :: backache : pain (A B) smudge v., ; 1. to make dirty, especially in one small area 2. to smear or blur (something) 3. to fill (an orchard or another planted area) with dense smoke from a smudge pot in order to prevent damage from insects or frost slur : speech :: smudge : writing smug [smʌg] a., ;, : exhibiting or feeling great or offensive satisfaction with smarmy [smɑ rmi] a. ; oneself or with one's situation; self-righteously 1. hypocritically, complacently, or effusively earnest; unctuous 2. sleek smarmy earnest complacent smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision primp : vain :: gloat : smug primp to dress or groom (oneself) with meticulous or excessive attention to detail smart [smɑ rt] vi., ; ; ; gloat to feel or express great, often malicious, pleasure or self-satisfaction v. 1. a. to cause a sharp, usually superficial, stinging pain smuggle [smʌǵ-әl] v. b. to be the location of such a pain c. to feel such a pain 2. to suffer acutely, as from mental distress, wounded feelings, or remorse 3. to suffer or pay a heavy penalty a. 1. a. characterized by sharp, quick thought; bright b. amusingly clever; witty c. impertinent; insolent 2. energetic or quick in movement 1. to import or export without paying lawful customs charges or duties 2. to bring in or take out illicitly or by stealth collude : cooperate :: smuggle : convey collude conspire smuggler : import :: embezzler : appropriate smuggler : tariff :: stowaway : fare tariff (, ) stowaway smuggle transport openly 3. canny and shrewd in dealings with others 4. fashionable; elegant snag [snæg] n., ;, smart : pain :: grieve : sorrow smart soothe smart tatty, dumb, dowdy tatty,, somewhat worn, shabby, or dilapidated 1. a rough, sharp, or jagged protuberance 2. a break, pull, or tear in fabric 3. an unforeseen or hidden obstacle 4. a short or imperfectly developed branch of a deer's antler(, )

snare [sn :r] n. ; 3. plain or subdued 1. a trapping device, often consisting of a noose, sued for capturing birds and small mammals 2. something that serves to entangle the unwary unwary,, not alert to danger or deception snare boo 4. devoid of frivolity, excess, exaggeration, or speculative imagination; straightforward 5. marked by seriousness, gravity, or solemnity of conduct or character 6. marked by circumspection and self-restraint frugal : impecunious :: temperate : sober (A << B) impecunious lacking money; penniless snarl [snɑ rl] v. ;, sumptuous, puckish, frivolous sober 1. to growl viciously wile baring the teeth 2. to speak angrily or threateningly, to become tangled or confused exoneration : blame :: disentangle : snarl (OPPOSITE) sumptuous ;, of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish puckish ;, mischievous; impish frivolous, ;, snarl coo coo ( ) ; to talk fondly or sobriety [sәbráiәti] n., ; amorously in murmurs snarl untangle, disentangle sneak v., ;, 1. to go or move in a quiet, stealthy way 2. to behave in a cowardly or servile manner sneer [sniә r] n.,, 1. a scornful facial expression characterized by a slight raising of one corner of the upper lip 2. a contemptuous facial expression, sound, or statement smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision (A show B) smirk wince : pain :: smile : pleasure :: pout : displeasure :: sneer : contempt wince, to shrink or start involuntarily, as in pain or distress; flinch pout, 1. gravity in bearing, manner, or treatment 2. moderation in or abstinence from consumption of alcoholic liquor or use of drugs sobriety sumptuousness, flippancy sumptuous, ;, flippant, marked by disrespectful levity or casualness; pert sodden [sɑ dn / sɔ dn] a. : thoroughly soaked; saturated marsh : sodden :: desert : arid marsh, moist : sodden :: surprised : astonished (A << B) sodden desiccated soggy [sɑǵi, sɔ ( )gi] a. ; 1. saturated or sodden with moisture; soaked 2. lacking spirit; dull snob [snɑb / snɔb] n. : snobbish of, befitting, or resembling a snob; pretentious attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish (A << B) snub [snʌb] v., ; ; 1. to ignore or behave coldly toward; slight 2. to dismiss, turn down, or frustrate the expectations of 3. to stub out (a cigarette, for example) dissemble : honesty :: snub : politeness dissemble, ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub raffish,, ; snub : disdain :: double cross : disloyalty court snub court ; ; / snub polite solace [sɑĺәs] n. / ( ) : comfort in sorrow, misfortune, or distress; consolation solace : grief :: pacification : anger solder [sɑ dә r / sɔĺdә r] n. ; : to serve as a bond between; join breach solder solemn [sɑĺәm / sɔĺ -] a., 1. deeply earnest, serious, and sober 2. somberly or gravely impressive 3. performed with full ceremony 4. invoking the force of religion; sacred 5. gloomy; somber jest solemnity jest,,, soak [souk] v., ; DRENCH 1. a. to make thoroughly wet or saturated by or as if by placing in liquid b. to immerse in liquid for a period of time 2. to absorb (liquid, for example) through or as if through pores or interstices 3. to remove (a stain, for example) by continued immersion soaked, drenched : wet, damp :: exuberant : happy :: frigid : cool (A >> B) exuberant, ; full of unrestrained enthusiasm or joy drenched : wet :: antithetic : indifferent (A >> B :: OPPOSITE) ( ) antithetic, castigation : reproof :: soaking : damp (A >> B) sober [sóubә r] a. ;,, 1. habitually abstemious in the use of alcoholic liquors or drugs; temperate 2. not intoxicated or affected by the use of drugs solicitous [sәlísәtәs] a. ; : APPREHENSIVE 1. a. anxious or concerned b. expressing care or concern 2. full of desire; eager 3. marked by or given to anxious care and often hovering attentiveness 4. extremely careful; meticulous solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch flinch, solicitous unconcerned solicitude indifference solidify v., ; / 1. to make solid, compact, or hard 2. to make strong or united pulverize solidify

soliloquy n. ; (monologue) soliloquy : play :: aria : opera solitude n., ;, (seclusion) 1. the state or quality of being alone or remote from others 2. a lonely or secluded place recluse : solitude :: toady : favor toady, a. 1. capable of meeting financial obligations 2. (chemistry) capable of dissolving another substance n. 2. something that solves or explains coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve (A = B하는 것, 명 : 동) solvent : dissolve :: coagulant : clot (EQUAL, 명 : 동) profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed committed ( ) profligate, ; regimen : health :: budget : solvency (A is for B) regimen <re dʒәmәn>, ;, caustic : burn :: solvent : dissolve solvent precipitant precipitant a. ;, n. bankruptcy solvency insolvency ability to pay one's debts somatic [soumǽtik] a. ; (corporeal); (physical) 1. of, relating to, or affecting the body, especially as distinguished from a body part, the mind, or the environment; corporeal or physical 2. of or relating to the wall of the body cavity, especially as distinguished from the head, limbs, or viscera( ) somber [sɑḿbә r / sɔḿ-] a., ;, : MELANCHOLY, GRAVE 1. a. dark; gloomy b. dull or dark in color 2. a. melancholy; dismal b. serious; grave cherubic, droll somber adulation somber affection somnolence [sɑḿnәlәnt] n. : SLEEPINESS : a state of drowsiness; sleepiness soporific, inducing or tending to induce sleep; drowsy ennui : enthusiastic :: somnolence : alert (LACK) insomnia : sleep :: dyslexia : read dyslexia, (word blindness) somnolent a. ; 1. drowsy; sleepy 2. inducing or tending to induce sleep; soporific sonata [sәnɑ tә] n. dessert : meal :: epilogue : play :: coda : sonata sonnet [sɑńәt / sɔń-] n., 14 sonnet : poet :: symphony : composer sonnet : poem :: denim : fabric (A B) denim biography : nonfiction :: sonnet : poem sonnet : verse monger :: painting : daubster monger ( ) ; daubster soothe [su ð] vt. :PLACATE,RELIEVE,ALLEVIATE 1. to calm or placate 2. to ease or relieve (pain, for example) vex, rankle, smart pacify, appease, soothe solvent [sɑĺv-әnt] a., ;, rankle ; ( ) sop [sɑp / sɔp] v. n., v. 1. to dip, soak, or drench in a liquid; saturate 2. to take up by absorption n. 1. a piece of food soaked or dipped in a liquid 2. a. something yielded to placate or soothe b. a bribe sop : dampen :: frigid : cool sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive subsidy <sʌ bsidi>, sopping : dampen :: frigid : cool (A >> B) sophism [sɑ fiz-әm / sɔ f-] n. 1. a plausible but fallacious argument 2. deceptive or fallacious argumentation sophism : reasoning :: counterfeit : money :: quack : practitioner alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive sophistication [sәfìstәkéiʃ-әn] n. : CULTIVATION, URBANITY ingenue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulness (LACK) ingenue <æ nʒәnù:> an artless, innocent girl or young woman 3. of or relating to a somatic cell or the somatoplasm( callow behaving with adult sophistication ) callow, lacking adult maturity or experience; somatic nonphysical immature politic unsophisticated bucolic sophisticated sophomoric [sɑ fәmɔ rik / sɔ f-] a. 2 ;, 1. of or characteristic of a sophomore 2. exhibiting great immaturity and lack of judgment soporific [sɑ pәrífik] n. a. : inducing or tending to induce sleep; drowsy soporific : sleep :: vaccinating : immunity :: inoculation : immunity inoculate ; ( ), soporific : sleeping :: vaccination: immune soporific : alertness :: analgesic : pain soporific stimulant, provocative, invigorating, exhilarating, bracing, energetic, vital sordid [sɔ rdid] a., ; : VILE 1. filthy or dirty; foul 2. depressingly squalid; wretched 3. morally degraded 4. exceedingly mercenary; grasping sordid honor, noble, wholesome sound [saund] a., ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity ramshackle ; garble ;, tenable unjustified, unsound decrepit sound sparse [spɑ rs] a. : occurring, growing, or settled at widely spaced intervals; not thick or dense

sparse rife, copious rife, ; Spartan [spɑ rt-әn] a. ; 1. of or relating to Sparta or its people 2. a. rigorously self-disciplined or self-restrained b. simple, frugal, or austere c. marked by brevity of speech; laconic d. courageous in the face of pain, danger, or adversity imperial : significant :: Spartan : austere Spartan Sybaritic, indulgent, luxurious, luxuriant, sumptuous, voluptuous, opulent, forgiving sumptuous ;, of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish voluptuous, ;, spat (petty quarrel) cabal : association :: spat : quarrel (A B) spate [speit] n. ;, : a sudden flood, rush, or outpouring spate dearth, trickling flow spendthrift [spéndɵrìft] n. : one who spends money recklessly or wastefully craven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthrift craven, characterized by abject fear; cowardly miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal spendthrift miser spent [spent] a. : EXHAUSTED : used up; consumed precarious : stability :: spent : efficacy precarious, ; efficacy, power or capacity to produce a desired effect; effectiveness spent efficacious efficacious producing or capable of producing a desired effect spindly [spíndli] a., : slender and elongated, especially in a way that suggests weakness limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty limber, ; supple, ; spineless a. / ; ( ) /, specialist [spéʃәlist] n. ( ) dabbler specialist 1. lacking courage or willpower 2. (biology) a. having no spiny processes b. lacking a spinal specific a., ; (particular);, column; invertebrate generic specific specimen [sp'es min] n., ; 1. an individual, an item, or a part representative of a class, genus, or whole 2. a sample, as of tissue, blood, or urine( ), used for analysis and diagnosis specimen : dissect :: sentence : parse dissect ;, specious [spí ʃәs] a., : SOPHISTIC, PLAUSIBLE 1. having the ring of truth or plausibility but actually fallacious 2. deceptively attractive exemplary : imitation :: specious : doubt specious : genuineness :: illusory : reality specious valid, veritable veritable, being truly so called; real or genuine speck [spek] n., : BIT 1. a small spot, mark, or discoloration 2. a tiny amount; a bit mite : creature :: speck : amount mite, ; spectator [spékteitә r, -- -] n. : an observer of an event epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watching spiny [spáini] a. ;, : THORNY; DIFFICULT, TROUBLESOME 1. bearing or covered with spines, thorns, or similar stiff projections 2. shaped ike a spine 3. difficult; troublesome spiny smooth spire [spaiә r] n., 1. a top part or point that tapers upward; a pinnacle 2. a structure or formation, such as a steeple, that tapers to a point at the top 3. a slender, tapering part, such as a newly sprouting blade of grass taper / spire : church :: minaret : mosque minaret <mìnәre t> ( ) spiritual 1. of, relating to, consisting of, or having the nature of spirit; not tangible or material 2. of, concerned with, or affecting the soul 3. of, from, or relating to God; deific 4. of or belonging to a church or religion; sacred 5. relating to or having the nature of spirits or a spirit; supernatural deific ; spiritual corporeal spectrum ;, (scope) color : spectrum :: tone : scale speculate [spékjәlèit] vi. ; : REFLECT 1. to meditate on a subject; reflect 2. to engage in a course of reasoning often based on inconclusive evidence 3. to engage in the buying or selling of a commodity with an element of risk on the chance of profit conjecture restrain from the speculation spleen [spli n] n., ;, : ill temper spleen good-will splendor n., ;, ;, 1. great light or luster; brilliance 2. a. magnificent appearance or display; grandeur b. something grand or magnificent 3. great fame; glory

squalor splendor sprain : injury :: cold : contagion (A B) splint [splint] n. v. to support or restrict or as if with a splint splint : mobility :: ballast : instability :: purchase : slippery :: lubricant : friction splint : immobilize :: duct : convey buttress : edifice :: splint : limb edifice ( ), ;, crumb : bread :: splint : wood splinter n., : a sharp, slender piece, as of wood, bone, glass, or metal, split or broken off from a main body crumb : bread :: splinter : wood spoil [spɔil] vt. ;, : CODDLE 1. a. to impair the value or quality of b. to damage irreparably; ruin 2. to impair the completeness, perfection, or unity of; flaw grievously 3. to do harm to the character, nature, or attitude of by oversolicitude, overindulgence, or excessive praise cosseted unspoiled cosset, to pamper spoke [spouk] n. spoke : hub :: radius : center spontaneous [spɑntéiniәs] a. ;, : NATURAL 1. happening or arising without apparent external cause; self-generated 2. arising from a natural inclination or impulse and not from external incitement or constraint 3. unconstrained and unstudied in manner or behavior 4. growing without cultivation or human labor; indigenous juggernaut : unstoppable :: extemporization : spontaneous gauche : finesse :: spontaneous : planning gauche, ;, lacking social polish; tactless spontaneous premeditated spoof [spu f] n., 1. nonsense; tomfoolery 2. a hoax 3. a gentle satirical imitation; a light parody nicety : distinction :: spoof : parody ode : poetry :: spoof : parody sporadic [spәrǽdik] a., 1. occurring at irregular intervals; having no pattern or order in time 2. appearing singly or at widely scattered localities, as a plant or disease 3. isolated; unique sporadic regular, steady, chronic, frequent chronic, sprightly [spráitli] a. : SPIRITED : full of spirit and vitality; lively; brisk dodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly dodder ; cavort <kәvɔ :rt>, hangdog sprightly spry [sprai] a., : lively, active, and brisk; vigorous spry devastated devastate ;, spunk [spʌŋk] n. spunk <> timidity spur [spә r] vt.,, : STIMULATE 1. to urge (a horse) on by the use of spurs 2. to incite or stimulate deter spur spurious [spjú-әriәs] a. ; : FALSE 1. lacking authenticity or validity in essence or origin; not genuine; false 2. of illegitimate birth spurious : authenticity :: (LACK) spurious authentic, genuine spuriousness authenticity spurn [spә rn] v., ; : SCORN 1. to reject disdainfully or contemptuously; scorn 2. to kick at or tread on disdainfully spurn welcome willingly, court, crave, embrace, uphold court,, crave,, spurned beloved squabble [skwɑ b-әl] v. : to engage in a disagreeable argument, usually over a trivial matter squabble : dispute, quarrel :: foible : failing (A << B) foible, ; forte tiff : squabble :: foible : failing tiff ; a fit of irritation; a petty quarrel squalid [skwɑĺid / skwɔĺ-] a., ;, 1. dirty and wretched, as from poverty or lack of care 2. morally repulsive; sordid squalid pristine, immaculate, salubrious pristine, ; immaculate, ; ; squall [skwɔ l] n., ;, 1. a brief, sudden, violent windstorm, often accompanied by rain or snow 2. a brief commotion squall : commotion :: flash : illumination sprain [sprein] n. (, ), 1. a painful wrenching or laceration of the ligaments of a joint 2. the condition resulting from s sprain lacerate, ; ( ), 1. to rip, cut, or tear 2. to cause deep emotional pain to; distress ligament <lígәmәnt>, ; squalor [skwɑĺә r, skwɔ l- / skwɔĺә r] n., : a filthy and wretched condition or quality squalor immaculateness, splendor, sincerity, ceremony, salubrity immaculate, ; ; splendor ;, ;, ceremony ;, ; strict observance of formalities or etiquette squander [skwɑńdә r] vt. : DISSIPATE : to spend wastefully or extravagantly; dissipate

proctor : supervise :: prodigal : squander dye : stain :: proctor ( ) ;, squander : expand :: coercion : intimidate ( ) stalemate [stéilmèit] n., : DEADLOCK coerce, conserve, hoard, husband waste, squander, exhaust : a situation in which further action is blocked; a deadlock clog : drainage :: stalemate : negotiations clog ;, squash [skwa ] v., ; ; stalk [sto:k] v. / ; (, ) 1. to beat, squeeze, or press into a pulp or a flattened mass; crush 2. to put down or suppress; quash 3. to silence or fluster, as with crushing words squash foment 1. to walk with a stiff, haughty, or angry gait 2. to move threateningly or menacingly 3. to track prey or quarry collude : cooperate :: stalk : follow :: infiltrate : enter grazing : foragers :: stalking : hunter squat [skwɑt / skwɔt] a. ; 1. short and thick; low and broad 2. crouched in a squatting position squat tall and thin squelch [skweltʃ] v., : QUELL, SQUASH 1. to crush by or as if by trampling; squash 2. to put down or silence, as with a crushing retort squelch, squash foment, kindle : physical or moral strength to resist or withstand illness, squint, squiz [skwint] v.,, fatigue, or hardship ; stamina frailty 1. to look with the eyes partly closed, as in bright sunlight 2. a. to look or glance sideways b. to look askance, as in disapproval 3. to have an indirect reference or inclination 4. to be affected with strabismus(<strәbízmәs>, ) askance,, squiz, squint : eye :: pucker : mouth pucker ( ), to gather into small wrinkles or folds stagnant [stǽgnәnt] a., : motionless stagnant flowing staid [steid] a. ; : SOBER, GRAVE 1. characterized by sedate dignity and often a strait-laced sense or propriety; sober 2. fixed; permanent staid jaunty, puckish jaunty, ; solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch solicitous ; stain [stein] n., ;, startle lull, cause tranquil v. 1. to discolor, soil, or spot 2. to bring into disrepute; taint or tarnish ( ) stasis [stéisis] n. / 3. to color (glass, for example) with a coat of penetrating liquid dye or tint, 4. to treat (specimens for the microscope) with a reagent or dye that makes visible certain structures without affecting others stalwart [stɔ lwә rt] a., 1. having or marked by imposing physical strength 2. firm and resolute; stout constant : stalwart :: judicious : sage (형 : 형, EQUAL) lank stalwart lank ; long and lean; long, straight, and limp stamina [st'æm n ] n., stammer [stǽmә r] v. : HALT : to speak with involuntary pauses or repetitions falter : act :: stammer : speak falter, ; stammer : halting :: drone : monotonous stanch v. (, ) ;, 1. to stop or check the flow of (blood or tears, for example) 2. to stop the flow of blood from (a wound) 3. to check or allay stanza [stǽnzә] n., : STROPHE stabilize [st'eib l`aiz] v. / ; 1. to make stable or steadfast 2. to maintain the stability of (an airplane or sip, for example) by means of a stabilizer 3. to keep from fluctuating; fix the level of stabilize fluctuate, teeter stability inconstancy quatrain : stanza :: eulogy : speech quatrain <kwátrein> 4 : one of the divisions of a poem, composed of two or more lines usually characterized by a common pattern of meter, rhyme, and number of lines ballad : stanza :: novel : chapter stanza : line :: volume : issue stanza : poem, poetry :: movement : symphony :: paragraph : prose prose verse stark [stɑ rk] a. ; : ABSOLUTE 1. bare; blunt 2. complete or utter; extreme 3. harsh; grim startle [stɑ rtl] vt. 1. to cause to make a quick involuntary movement or start 2. to alarm, frighten, or surprise suddenly : a condition of balance among various forces; motionlessness stasis changing period, period of change, activity, moving static [st'ætik] a. a. having no motion; being at rest; quiescent b. fixed; stationary

static : movable :: pliable : inflexible motility stasis motile <móutәl> moving or having the power to move spontaneously stature [stǽtʃә r] n., ; ;, 1. the natural height of a human being or an animal in an upright position 2. an achieved level; status stature : tall :: sound : loud status, ; ; ( ), 1. position relative to that of others; standing 2. high standing; prestige 3. a state of affairs; situation abase : status :: shorten : length staunch [stɑ ntʃ, stɔ ntʃ] adj. : steadfast in loyalty or principle steadfast [stédfæ st, -fәst] a. 1. fixed or unchanging; steady 2. firmly loyal or constant; unswerving swerve, to turn aside or be turned aside from a straight course capricious steadfast stealth [stelɵ] n. 1. the act of moving, proceeding, or acting in a covert way 2. the quality of characteristic of being furtive or covert caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive :: discontent : unsatisfied steep [sti p] a., ;, v., ;, v. 1. to soak in liquid in order to cleanse, soften, or extract a given property from 2. to infuse or subject thoroughly to 3. to make thoroughly wet; saturate collapse : implode :: steep : immerse immerse, ; precipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness precipice, ;, defile v. ; n., steep parch parch ;, stench [stentʃ] n. : a strong, foul odor; a stink stench : nose :: din : ear stencil [,, ] stencil : lettering :: pattern : sewing stentorian [stentɔ riәn] a. : extremely loud audible : stentorian :: discernable : obvious, manifest stentorian faint sterile [stéril / -rail] a., 1. not producing or incapable of producing offspring 2. a. not producing or incapable of producing seed, fruit spores, or other reproductive structure b. producing little or no vegetation; unfruitful 3. free from live bacteria or other microorganisms 4. lacking imagination, creativity, or vitality 5. lacking the power to function; not productive or effective; fruitless sterile : bacteria :: impeccable : flaws impeccable ; plain : austere :: clean : sterile (A << B) verdant sterile verdant, ;, sterilize [st'er l`aiz] v. / ; ;, 1. to make free from live bacteria or other microorganisms 2. to deprive (a person or an animal) of the ability to produce offspring, as by removing the reproductive organs 3. a. to make incapable of bearing fruit or germinating b. to render (land) unfruitful 4. to make inoffensive or innocuous sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize sterilize contaminate stickle v. ( ) ; 1. to argue or contend stubbornly, especially about trivial or petty points 2. to have or raise objections; scruple stickler [stíklә r] n. ; 1. one who insists on something unyieldingly 2. something puzzling or difficult stickler : approximation, imprecision :: purist : adulteration stickler : exacting :: martinet : disciplinary :: defeatist : resigned stickler : exact :: pedagogue : indoctrinate pedagogue, ; stickler : imprecision :: prude : impropriety prude, stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected stiff [stif] a., ; ;, numb : sensation :: stiff : suppleness suppleness stiffness, rigidness stifle [stáif-әl] vt. ;, ; : DETER, DISCOURAGE 1. to interrupt or cut off (the voice, for example) 2. to keep in or hold back; repress 3. to kill by preventing respiration; smother or suffocate foment, foster stifle stigma [stígmә] n. : STAIN 1. a mark or token of infamy, disgrace, or reproach 2. a small mark; a scar( ) or birthmark stigma mark of esteem stilted [stíltid] a., ; : POMPOUS, LOFTY : stiffly or artificially formal; stiff stint [stint] v. : to restrict or limit, as in amount or number; be sparing with lavish stint stingy [stíndʒi] a. 1. giving or spending reluctantly 2. scanty or meager miser : stingy :: sage : judicious :: loner : solitary sage / ;, loner (lone wolf) one who avoids the company of other people insensible : boor :: stingy : miser generosity stinginess generously stingily stipple [stíp-әl] v. / / 1. to draw, engrave, or paint in dots or short strokes 2. to apply (paint, for example) in dots or short strokes

3. to dot, fleck, or speckle stipple : dot :: striate : band stipulate v., 1. a. to lay down as a condition of an agreement; require by contract b. to specify or arrange in an agreement 2. to guarantee or promise (something) in an agreement request : command :: propose : stipulate (A << B) stipulation tacit requirement stoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfy avaricious immoderately desirous of wealth or gain; greedy stoic : perturbed :: buoyant : submerged solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch solicitude, ; stoic flinch stoke [stouk] v. ; ( ) 1. to stir up and feed (a fire or furnace) 2. to feed fuel to and tend the fire of (a furnace) stoke : fuel :: irrigate : water stipulation [stìpjәléiʃ-әn] n., stipulation tacit requirement stir [stә r] v.,, 1. a. to pass an implement through (a liquid, for example) in circular motions so as to mix or cool the contents b. to introduce (an ingredient, for example) into a liquid or mixture c. to mix together the ingredients of before cooking or use 2. to alter the placement of slightly; disarrange 3. to take place; happen 4. to be capable of being stirred 5. to be roused or affected by strong feelings exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir dissipate : stir :: (A >> B) impeccable : flaw :: indolent : stir indolent, lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge appetite ;, a strong with or urge stitch n., : a single complete movement of a threaded needle in sewing or surgical suturing tile : mosaic :: stitch : sampler sampler ; ( ) stock [stɑk / stɔk] n., ; a. 1. kept regularly in stock 2. repeated regularly without any thought or originality; routine, census : population :: inventory : stock stock unique stockade [stɑkéid / stɔk-] n., 1. a defensive barrier made of strong posts or timbers driven upright side by side into the ground 2. a. a similar fenced or enclosed area, especially one used for protection b. a jail on a military base stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support stodgy [stɑ dʒi / stɔ dʒi] a., ; ( ), ; 1. a. dull, unimaginative, and commonplace b. prim or pompous; stuffy 2. indigestible and starchy; heavy 3. solidly build; stocky mawkish : sentimental :: mad : excited :: stodgy : conservative (A >> B ::??) ( ) mawkish ; stodgy exciting stoic [stóuik] n. : one who is seemingly indifferent to or unaffected by joy, grief, pleasure, or pain stolid [stɑĺid / stɔĺ-] a. : UNEMOTIONAL : having or revealing little emotion or sensibility; impassive stolid excitable stomach v.,, ;, : to bear; tolerate stomach refuse to tolerate stonewall [stounwɔ l] v. : (informal) a. to engage in delaying tactics; stall b. to refuse to answer or cooperate stonewall cooperate fully stouthearted [stounwɔ l] a. : brave; courageous pusillanimous stouthearted pusillanimous, lacking courage; cowardly straggle [strǽg-әl] vi., ;, : ROVE, STRAY 1. to stray or fall behind 2. to proceed or spread out in a scattered or irregular group rove, to wander about at random, especially over a wide area; roam strait [streit] n. ;, 1. a narrow channel joining two larger bodies of water 2. a position of difficulty, perplexity, distress, or need isthmus : land :: strait : water isthmus <ísmәs> ( ) a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas stratagem [str'æt d3 m] n.,, 1. a military maneuver designed to deceive or surprise an enemy 2. a clever, often underhand scheme for achieving an objective stratagem : deceive :: concession : placate stratify [strǽtәfài] v. 1. to form, arrange, or deposit in layers 2. a. to arrange or separate into castes, classes, or social levels b. to separate into a sequence of graded status levels stratify homogenize stray [strei] a., ; a. 1. straying or having strayed; wandering or lost 2. scattered or separated v. 1. a. to move away from a group, deviate from the correct course, or go beyond established limits b. to become lost 2. to wander about without a destination or purpose; roam digressive : topic, subject :: stray : group stray : group :: digress : subject

strength [streŋkɵ] n. slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength slacken, dilute ; strenuous a., ; 1. requiring great effort, energy, or exertion 2. vigorously active; energetic or zealous stress [stres] n. : importance, significance, or emphasis placed on something stress de-emphasis strew [stru ] v. : to spread by scattering strew <> collect striate [stráieit] vt. : to mark with striae or striations grooved : striating :: braided : stranded stipple : dot :: striate : band striated : groove :: dappled : spot stricture [stríktʃә r] n., ; 1. a restraint, limit, or restriction 2. an adverse remark or criticism; censure eulogy stricture stride [straid] vi. 1. to walk with long steps, especially in a hasty or vigorous way 2. to take a single long step, as in passing over an obstruction quaff : sip :: stride : mince strident [stráid-әnt] a. : loud, harsh, grating, or shrill; discordant stridency : sound :: acridity : odor :: garishness : appearance (DEFECTIVE) acrid (, ), ; strike [straik] vi. ; (, ) strike : medal :: mint : coin mint ( ) ; stringent [stríndʒ-әnt] a. ; : TIGHT, CONSTRICTED 1. imposing rigorous standards of performance; severe 2. constricted; tight 3. characterized by scarcity of money, credit restrictions, or other financial strain stringent lax strip [strip] vt. bedeck strip bedeck to adorn or ornament in a showy fashion strut [strʌt] v. n., : to walk with pompous bearing; swagger 1. a pompous, self-important gait 2. a bar or rod used to brace a structure against forces applied from the side pontificate : speak :: strut : walk strut : wing :: buttress : wall :: guy : pylon guy, stubborn [stʌ bә rn] a., 1. a. unreasonably, often perversely unyielding; bullheaded b. firmly resolved or determined; resolute 2. characterized by perseverance; persistent 3. difficult to treat or deal with; resistant to treatment or effort studio n. studio : artist :: laboratory : scientist stultify [stʌĺtәfài] vt., 1. to render useless or ineffectual; cripple 2. to cause to appear stupid, inconsistent, or ridiculous stultifying exciting, stirring stultify animate, stir, excite, remind stumble [stʌḿb-әl] v. ;, ; 1. a. to miss one's step in walking or running; trip and almost fall b. to proceed unsteadily or falteringly; flounder c. to act or speak falteringly or clumsily 2. to make a mistake; blunder 3. to fall into evil ways; err 4. to come upon accidentally or unexpectedly stumble win out stun [stʌn] vt. ; ( ) : DAZE 1. to daze or render senseless, by or as if by a blow 2. to overwhelm or daze with a loud noise 3. to stupefy, as with the emotional impact of an experience; astound daze, stunt [stʌnt] v. : to check the growth or development of obstruct : progress :: stunt : growth nurture stunt stupefy [stjú pәfài] v. ; 1. to dull the senses or faculties of 2. to amaze; astonish stupor [st:j'u:p r] n. ; 1. a state of reduced or suspended sensibility 2. a state of mental numbness, as that resulting from shock; a daze stupor : alert :: despair : hopeful sturdy [stә rdi] a. ;, 1. having or showing rugged physical strength 2. substantially made or built; stout 3. marked by resoluteness or determination; firm 4. vigorous or robust decrepit sturdy stygian [st'id3i n] a., ; 1. a. gloomy and dark b. infernal; hellish 2. of or relating to the river Styx stygian : dark :: abysmal : low stylus [stáilәs] n. ; 1. a sharp, pointed instrument used for writing, marking, or engraving 2. a phonograph needle 3. a sharp, pointed tool used for cutting record grooves stylus : mark :: lamp : illumination stylus : engraving :: shield : protecting

stymie [st'aimi] v., : to thwart; stump stymie abet, promote, foster principal subordinate tractable insubordinate, intransigent, incorrigible, obstinate intransigent, subdue [sәbdjú ] vt., 1. to conquer and subjugate; vanquish 2. to quiet or bring under control by physical force or persuasion; make tractable 3. to make less intense or prominent; tone down 4. to bring (land) under cultivation impervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued (OPPOSITE) impervious ; subdue inflame, burgeon subdued unruly, flamboyant indomitable easily subdued subject [sʌ bdʒikt] n., ; 1. one who is under the rule of another or others, especially one who owes allegiance to a government or ruler 2. a. one concerning which something is said or done b. something that is treated or indicated in a work of art 3. a course or area of study 4. a basis for action; a cause 5. a. one that experiences or is subjected to something b. one that is the object of clinical study c. one who is under surveillance d. a corpse intended for study and dissection potentate subject potentate,, subjugate [sʌ bdʒugèit] vt. : CONQUER 1. to bring under control; conquer 2. to make subservient; enslave blur : definition :: subjugate : independence subjugation liberation subjugate enfranchise enfranchise ; (emancipate) sublime [sәbláim] a., 1. characterized by nobility; majestic 2. a. of high spiritual, moral, or intellectual worth b. not to be excelled; supreme 3. inspiring awe; impressive sublime ridiculous, base, common, worthless, despicable, furtive, laughable, not suitable, stealthy subliminal [sʌblímәnәl] a. 1. below the threshold of conscious perception 2. inadequate to produce conscious awareness but able to evoke a response subliminal at a perceptible level submerge [sәbmә rdʒ] vt. ; 1. to place under water 2. to cover with water 3. to hide from view; obscure bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant :: dissolve : insoluble submerge : water :: inter : earth submissive [sәbmísiv] a., : inclined or willing to submit insubordinate : submissive :: capricious : deliberate subpoena [sәbpí nә] n. : a writ requiring appearance in court to give testimony writ a written order issued by a court, commanding the party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act lien : claim :: subpoena : command lien, the right to take and hold or sell the property of a debtor as security or payment for a debt or duty subpoena : witness :: conscript : soldier subservient a.,, ;, ;, 1. subordinate in capacity or function 2. obsequious; servile 3. useful as a means or an instrument; serving to promote an end willfulness : headstrong :: subservience : fawning subside [sәbsáid] v. ; 1. to sink to a lower or normal level 2. to sink or settle down, as into a sofa 3. to sink to the bottom, as a sediment 4. to become less agitated or active; abate subside promote, withhold pressure, intensify subsidiary [sәbsídièri] n.,, :AUXILIARY 1. serving to assist or supplement; auxiliary 2. secondary in importance; subordinate 3. of, relating to, or of the nature of a subsidy preponderant subsidiary preponderant, having superior weight, force, importance, or influence subsidy [sʌ bsidi] n. 1. monetary assistance granted by a government to a person or group in support of an enterprise regarded as being in the public interest 2. financial assistance given by one person or government to another sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive sop ;, subsidy : support :: debt : obligation subsist v., ; 1. a. to exist; be b. to remain or continue in existence 2. to maintain life; live 3. to be logically conceivable substantial [sәbstǽnʃәl] a.,, 1. of, relating to, or having substance; material 2. true or real; not imaginary 3. solidly built; strong 4. ample; sustaining 5. considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or extent 6. possessing wealth or property; well-to-do substantial trivial, diaphanous, vaporous, vague, tenuous diaphanous <daiæ fәnәs>, ; ; tenuous,, ;, unsubstantiated verified subordinate [sәbɔ rdәnit] a., : INFERIOR 1. belonging to a lower or inferior class or rank; secondary 2. subject to the authority or control of another substantiate [sәbstǽnʃièit] vt. ; : VERIFY 1. to support with proof or evidence; verify 2.

a. to give material form to; embody b. to make firm or solid 3. to give substance to; make real or actual substantiate disapprove, controvert controvert, ; to raise arguments against; voice opposition to substantiated inane inane, ;, unsubstantiated verified substantiation disproof substantive trivial 2. to impair the respiration of 3. to cause discomfort to by or as if by cutting off the supply of fresh air 4. to suppress the development, imagination, or creativity of; stifle suffocate : oxygen :: starve : nutrients suffuse [sәfjú z] v. : to spread through or over, as with liquid, color, or light tint : suffuse :: damp : quench (A << B) quench, ;, substantive [sʌ bstәntiv] adj., : substantive negotiations or issues deal with the most important and central aspects of a subject. (formal) substantive <> trivial subterfuge [sʌ btәrfjù dʒ] n., : a deceptive stratagem or device subterfuge : deceive :: decantation : pour decant ( ) candor : subterfuge :: brash : deliberate subtle [sʌ tl] a., : OBSCURE 1. a. so slight as to be difficult to detect or analyze; elusive b. not immediately obvious; abstruse 2. able to make fine distinctions 3. a. characterized by skill or ingenuity; clever b. crafty or sly; devious c. operating in a hidden, usually injurious way; insidious insidious,, ; subtle : ignore :: salient : observe salient, ;, strikingly conspicuous; prominent subtle : overlook :: tractable : lead palpable, blatant, obvious subtle blatant ;, subvert [sәbvә rt] v. /, ; sullen lively 1. to destroy completely; ruin 2. to undermine the character, morals, or allegiance of; corrupt 3. to overthrow completely sabotage : subvertness :: bull : intimidation subvert reinforce succinct [sәksíŋkt] a. : characterized by clear, precise expression in few words; concise and terse loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly (OPPOSITE) adroit ;, dexterous; deft babble express succinctly verbosity, prolixity, circumlocution succinctness voluble, prolix, verbose taciturn, laconic, succinct, reticent reticent ;, circumlocution succinct expression succor [sʌḱәr] vt., : RELIEVE n. 1. assistance in time of distress; relief 2. one that affords assistance or relief to give assistance to in time of want, difficulty, or distress succor : relief :: caution : warning succor aggravate, withdraw assistance, deny aid suggestible [sәgdʒéstәbәl] a. : readily influenced by suggestion suite [swi t] n. ;, ;, ; 1. a staff of attendants or followers; a retinue 2. a. a group of related things intended to be used together; a set b. a set of matching furniture 3. a series of connected rooms used as a living unit 4. (music) an instrumental composition consisting of a succession of dances in the same or related keys retinue : attendant :: suite : room retinue ; sulky [sʌĺki] a., ; 1. sullenly aloof or withdrawn 2. gloomy; dismal sulky rejoicing sullen [sʌĺәn] a., ; 1. showing a brooding ill humor or silent resentment; morose or sulky 2. gloomy or somber in tone, color, or portent 3. sluggish; slow sullen : levity :: levity, frivolous ;, sully [sʌĺi] v., ( ) 1. to mar the cleanness or luster of; soil or stain 2. to defile; taint summary [sʌḿәri] n. a., ;, a. 1. presenting the substance in a condensed form; concise 2. performed speedily and without ceremony compendium : summary :: anthology : collection aside : digression :: summary : excerpt summary protracted protract to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong summarily after long deliberation summit [sʌḿit] n., 1. the highest point or part; the top 2. the highest level or degree that can be attained 3. a. the highest level, as of government officials b. a summit conference crest : wave :: summit, peak : mountain roof : room :: summit : mountain cache : hidden :: summit : inaccessible nadir summit suffocate [s' f k`eit] v. ;, summon [sʌḿәn] vt., 1. to kill or destroy by preventing access of air or oxygen 1. to call together; convene 2. to request to appear; send for

3. (law) to order to appear in court by the issuance of a summons 4. to order to take a specified action; bid 5. to call forth; evoke command : request :: summon : invite (A >> B) summons : citation :: summons, ;, citation, ;, ; ( ) summon dismiss sumptuous [sʌḿptʃuәs] a. ;, of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish sumptuous ascetic, frugal, spartan, sober sumptuousness sobriety sobriety,, ;, gravity in bearing, manner, or treatment sunder [sʌńdәr] v., protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat (A >> B) : to break or wrench apart; sever collapse : implode :: divide : sunder (A << B) sunder connect, link, combine, bond, yoke, merge, coalesce, conjoin, tether, unite yoke ; (, ) ;, ; protest ; to express strong objection; to make an earnest avowal or affirmation supplicant : beseeching :: coquette :: flirtatious beseech, coquette a flirt supplicate demand sunder combination, conjoin supposition [s' p z'i : n] n., ;, supercilious [sù pәrsíliәs] a. : feeling or showing haughty disdain supercilious obsequious, humble, groveling superciliousness humility superficial [sù pәrfíʃәl] a. ;, ;, 1. of, affecting, or being on or near the surface 2. concerned with or comprehending only what is apparent or obvious; shallow 3. apparent rather than actual or substantial 4. trivial; insignificant superficial central superfluous [su pә rfluәs] a., : EXTRA : being beyond what is required or sufficient pertinent : relevance :: redundant : superfluity superfluous elemental, integral superfluity scarcity superimpose [su:p :rimp'ouz] v., ;, 1. to lay or place (something) on or over something else 2. to add as a distinct feature, element, or quality superimpose : above :: insert : between surcharge shortfall supine [su páin] a. ; ;, 1. lying on the back or having the face upward 2. having the palm upward 3. marked by or showing lethargy, passivity, or blameworthy indifference 4. inclined; sloping vigilant oblivious, unalert, slack, negligible, supine supplant v., ; ( ) 1. to usurp the place of, especially through intrigue or underhanded tactics 2. to displace and substitute for (another) supplant : replace :: snatch : take numb : sensation :: stiff : suppleness firm : obstinate :: supple : spineless spineless / ; ;, suppleness stiffness, rigidness supplement [sʌṕlәmәnt] n., ;, 1. something added to complete a thing, make up for a deficiency, or extend or strengthen the whole 2. a section added to a book or document to give further information or to correct errors 3. a separate section devoted to a special subject inserted into a periodical, such as a newspaper supplement : additional :: placebo : innoxious supplicate [sʌṕlәkèit] v., 1. to ask for humbly or earnestly, as by praying 2. to make a humble entreaty to; beseech 1. the act of supposing 2. something supposed; an assumption supposition certainty suppress [sәprés] vt. : SUBDUE 1. to put an end to forcibly; subdue 2. to curtail or prohibit the activities of 3. to keep from being revealed, published, or circulated 4. to deliberately exclude (unacceptable desires or thoughts) from the mind 5. to inhibit the expression of (an impulse, for example); check 6. to reduce the incidence or severity of (a hemorrhage or a cough, for example); arrest suppress : stimulate :: calm : provoke suppress stimulate, catalyze, unrestrain surcharge [s' :t ' :rd3] n.,, ; ; 1. an additional sum added to the usual amount or cost 2. an overcharge, especially when unlawful 3. an additional or excessive burden; an overload 4. a. a new value or denomination overprinted on a postage or revenue stamp b. the stamp to which a new value has been applied surfeit [sә rfit] n. : EXCESS : to feed or supply to excess, satiety, or disgust surfeit deficiency, deprivation, insufficient supply, famish, starve surgeon [sә rdʒәn] n. : a physician specializing in surgery scalpel : surgeon :: telescope : astronomer scalpel <skæ lpәl> surpass v., 1. to be beyond the limit, powers, or capacity of; transcend 2. to be or go beyond, as in degree or quality; exceed supple [sʌṕәl] a., ;, 1. readily bent; pliant 2. moving and bending with agility; limber 3. yielding or changing readily; compliant or adaptable surrender [sәréndәr] v. ; ; 1. to relinquish possession or control of to another because of demand or compulsion 2. to give up in favor of another

3. to give up or give back (something that has been granted) 4. to give up or abandon 5. to give over or resign (oneself) to something, as to an emotion) inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated inalienable <ine iljәnәbl> that cannot be transferred to another or others propitiate to conciliate (an offended power); appease appropriate surrender svelte plump, paunchy and awkward surreptitious [sә rәptíʃәs / sʌ r-] a., ; plump, : CLANDESTINE 1. obtained, done, or made by clandestine or stealthy means 2. acting with or marked by stealth surreptitious barefaced, aboveboard surrogate [sә rәgèit] n. ; 1. one that takes the place of another; a substitute 2. a. a person or an animal that functions as a substitute for another, as in a social or family role b. a surrogate mother imperiousness : fawn :: self depreciatory : swagger suspend [sәspénd] vi. ;, ; swagger : bravado :: caress : affection (A show B) 1. to bar for a period from a privilege, office, or position, usually as a punishment 2. to cause to stop for a period; interrupt 3. a. to hold in abeyance; defer b. to render temporarily ineffective 4. to hang so as to allow free movement 5. to support or keep from falling without apparent attachment, as by buoyancy suspend erect, invoke, let fall suspicion [sәspíʃәn] n., ; ;, : DOUBT 1. the act of suspecting something, especially something wrong, on little evidence or without proof 2. the condition of being suspected, especially of wrongdoing 3. a state of uncertainty; doubt 4. a minute amount; trace enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia paranoia innuendo : suspicion :: (EQUAL) innuendo, an indirect or subtle, usually derogatory implication in expression derogatory ( ), disparaging; belittling swill [swil] v. ; ; ( ) : GUZZLE 1. to drink or eat greedily or grossly sustain [sәstéin] v. ;, ;, 2. to flood with water, as for washing 1. to keep in existence; maintain 2. to supply with necessities or nourishment; provide for 3. to support from below; keep from falling or sinking; prop 4. to support the spirits, vitality, or resolution of; 3. to feed (animals) with swill swill : sip :: gobble : nibble gobble, swill sip encourage 5. to bear up under; withstand swindle [swíndl] v., 6. to experience or suffer 7. to affirm the validity of 8. to prove or corroborate; confirm 9. to keep up (a joke or an assumed role, for example) competently 1. to cheat or defraud of money or property 2. to obtain by fraudulent means implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle swindler : cheat :: proselytizer : convert proselytize / sustain exude, terminate sustenance termination swing [swiŋ] v., ; n. suture [sú tʃәr] n. ;, a. the process of joining two surfaces or edges together along a line by or as if by sewing b. the material, such as thread, gut, or wire, that is used in this procedure c. the line so formed suture incision, avulsion avulsion, svelte [svelt] a., ; : SLENDER, LITHE : slender or graceful in figure or outline; slim lithe, paunchy having a potbelly swagger [swǽgәr] v., 1. to walk or conduct oneself with an insolent or arrogant air; strut 2. to brag; boast blustering : speak :: swaggering : walk fawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swagger hauteur <hout ә:r>, haughtiness in bearing and attitude; arrogance imperious : fawn :: self-depreciatory : swagger pontificate : speak :: swagger : walk caress, ; swamp [swɑmp / swɔmp] n., ;, 1. a situation or place fraught with difficulties and imponderables imponderable ; that cannot undergo precise evaluation swearword [sw' :rw' :rd] : an obscene or blasphemous word accolade swearword n. / sweltering [swéltәriŋ] a., 1. oppressively hot and humid; sultry 2. suffering from oppressive heat sultry, ;, sweltering frigid swerve [swә rv] v., : DEVIATE : to turn aside or be turned aside abruptly from a straight course swerve maintain direction oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter ( ) sybarite [síbәràit] n. : VOLUPTUARY, SENSUALIST

: a person devoted to pleasure and luxury; a voluptuary Spartan Sybaritic, indulgent, voluptuous, luxurious indulgent, showing, characterized by, or given to indulgence; lenient voluptuous, ;, sybarite ascetic sybaritic spartan sycophant [síbәràit] n. : a servile self-seeker who attempts to win favor by flattering influential people libertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequious dissolute, lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual pleasures or vices miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine rival : competition :: extortionist : intimidation :: malcontent : complain narcissist : self absorbed :: sycophant : obsequious obsequious, full of or exhibiting servile compliance; fawning reprobate : misbehave :: sycophant : fawn reprobate, a morally unprincipled person sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation extortion,, sycophant : fawn :: malcontent : complain malcontent, dissatisfied with existing conditions sycophant : curry :: surveyor : oversee (curry에 환심 의 뜻이 숙어에 만 나타남) ( ) oversee sycophantic : obsequious :: rebellious : resurgent resurgent, experiencing or tending to bring about renewal or revival frugal : penurious :: deferent : sycophantic (A << B) querulous : complaint :: sycophantic : flattery sycophant : flatter :: recidivist : relapse sycophant : fawn :: reprobate : misbehave reprobate a morally unprincipled person sycophantic : obsequious :: pontificate : dogmatic (EQUAL) syllabus [s'il b s] n., ; : an outline or a summary of the main points of a text, lecture, or course of study syllabus : course :: agenda : meeting syllogism [sílәdʒìz әm] n., 3 1. (logic) a form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion 2. reasoning from the general to the specific; deduction 3. a subtle or specious piece of reasoning remonstrance : dissuade :: syllogism : disprove remonstrance, ;, symbiosis [sìmbaióusis] n. 1. (biology) a close, prolonged association between two or more different organisms of species that may, but does not necessarily, benefit each member 2. a relationship of mutual benefit or dependence parity : equivalent :: symbiosis : interdependent symbiosis agonizing association, unrelated growth symmetry [s'imetri, -mi-] n. ;,, symmetry disproportion sympathetic [sìmpәɵétik] a. 1. of, expressing, feeling, or resulting from sympathy 2. favorable inclined 3. agreeably suited to one's disposition or mood; congenial callous sympathetic callous ( ) ;, emotionally hardened; unfeeling symphony [símfәni] n., instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet sonnet : poet :: symphony : composer stanza : poem :: movement : symphony symphony : conductor :: film : directory exhibition : painting :: concert : symphony synchronous [s'iŋkr n s] v., 1. occurring or existing at the same time 2. moving or operating at the same rate 3. a. having identical periods b. having identical period and phase synchronous noncontemporaneous, occurring at different times, outof-phase contemporaneous, synergic [sinә rdʒik] a. ; : COOPERATING 1. of or relating to synergy 2. producing or capable of producing synergy synergic antagonistic synergy n., 1. the interaction of two or more agents or forces so that their combined effect is greater than she sum of their individual effects 2. cooperative interaction among groups, especially among the acquired subsidiaries or merged parts of a corporation, that creates an enhanced combined effect synonymous a., 1. having the same or a similar meaning 2. equivalent in connotation synonymous : meaning :: interchangeable : function synopsis [sinɑṕsis / -nɔṕ-] n. : ABSTRACT : a brief outline or general view, as of a subject or written work; an abstract or a summary synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity distillate ; synopsis : condensed :: appendix : supplementary abbreviation : sentence :: synopsis : narrative synopsis protraction protract to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong synoptic protracted synthesis [sínɵәsis] n. a. the combining of separate elements or substances to form a coherent whole b. the complex whole so formed synthesis analysis, break into parts, take apart synthesize [s'in s'aiz] v., 1. to combine so as to form a new, complex product 2. to form or produce by chemical synthesis synthesize break into parts, take apart systematic [sist m'ætik] a., ;, 1. of, characterized by, based on, or constituting a system 2. carried on using step-by-step procedures 3. purposefully regular; methodical 4. of or relating to classification or taxonomy systematic haphazard

T tacit [tǽsit] a., ;, 1. not spoken 2. implied by or inferred from actions or statements tacit : infer :: encoded : decode tacit expressly stated, directly expressed, explicit stipulation tacit requirement stipulation, ;, taciturn [ǽsәtә rn] a., ; : habitually untalkative taciturn : solemnity :: token : exchange ( ) token taciturn : chatter :: insufferable : tolerate :: magnanimous : begrudge begrudge, ; ( ) expansive, glib, prolix, loquacious, verbose, voluble taciturn, laconic, succinct, reticent, withdrawn, limited glib, ; reticent, ;, verbosity, volubility, windbag taciturnity windbag, ; tackle [tǽk-әl] n. bolster : support :: tackle : hoist hoist ( ) tacky [tǽki] a. : slightly adhesive or gummy to the touch; sticky tackiness : adhesive :: sharpness : scalpel, talon tact [tækt] n., : acute sensitivity to what is proper and appropriate in dealing with others, including the ability to speak or act without offending tact : offensive :: money : poor (LACK) gaffe : tactless :: (CHARACTER) tactile [tǽktil, -tail] a., : TANGIBLE 1. a. perceptible to the sense of touch; tangible b. characterized by or conveying an illusion of tangibility 2. used for feeling 3. of, relating to, or proceeding from the sense of touch; tactual tactile : touch :: affective : emotion affective, ; tactile : touch :: sentient : emotion sentient <se nʃәnt>, tactless [tǽktlis] a., : lacking or exhibiting a lack of tact; bluntly inconsiderate or indiscreet chicanery : clever :: tactlessness : truthful chicanery,, gaffe : tactless :: obstinate : preserve :: tactless, insensitive : offend savvy tactless savvy, well informed and perceptive; shrewd tadpole [t'ædpoul] n. tadpole : frog :: caterpillar : butterfly tag [tæg] n. tag : identify :: canopy : cover canopy, tang taint [teint] vt., ;, : CORRUPT 1. to affect with or as if with a disease 2. to affect with decay or putrefaction; spoil 3. to corrupt morally 4. to affect with a tinge of something reprehensible taint integrity, wholesomeness, purity tainted commendable, unspoiled, wholesome, pristine, unadulterated, unblemished, uncontaminated, wholesome blemish, to mar or impair by a flaw talisman [t'ælism n, -iz-] n. 1. an object marked with magic signs and believed to confer on its bearer supernatural powers or protection 2. something that apparently has magic power incantation : utterance :: talisman : object :: banner : flag (A is a kind of B) incantation ;, [t'æl n] n. ( ) talon : eagle :: claw : panther panther, tame [teim] a. ; ;, : INSIPID 1. brought from wildness into a domesticated or tractable state 2. naturally unafraid; not timid 3. submissive; docile; fawning 4. insipid; flat 5. sluggish; languid; inactive tame : tractable :: tame racy racy ;, risque <riske i>, suggestive of or bordering on indelicacy or impropriety ribald <ríbәld>, characterized by or indulging in vulgar, lewd humor tamper [tǽmpә r] vi., 1. to interfere in a harmful manner 2. to tinker with rashly or foolishly 3. to engage in improper or secret dealings, as in an effort to influence tamper : adjust :: misrepresent : communicate tangent [tǽndʒ-әnt] a. ; (, ) : IRRELEVANT 1. making contact at a single point or along a line; touching but not intersecting 2. irrelevant tangent essential tangential a. ; ; ( ), 1. of, relating to, or moving along or in the direction of a tangent 2. merely touching or slightly connected 3. only superficially relevant; divergent tangible [tǽndʒәb-әl] a. ; : PALPABLE 1. a. discernible by the touch; palpable b. possible to touch c. possible to be treated as fact; real or concrete 2. possible to understand or realize initial, incipient : realized :: tangible : indefinite (OPPOSITE) moribund : dead incipient,, beginning to exist or appear tangible unable to perceive, indefinite n., ;,, 1. a distinctively sharp taste, flavor, or odor, as that of

orange juice 2. a distinctive quality that adds piquancy 3. a trace, hint, or smattering 4. a sharp point, tongue, or prong tangy [tǽŋi] a. tangy bland tantalize [tǽntәlàiz] v., : to excite (another) by exposing something desirable while keeping it out of reach tease : tantalize :: tantalize comfort, console, solace, alleviate, assuage, ease, relieve, satiate tantamount [tǽntәmàunt] a. : equivalent in effect of value tantamount incommensurate commensurate / ;, tantrum [tǽntrәm] n., : a fit of bad temper tantrum pacification taper [téipә r] vi. ; 1. to become gradually narrower or thinner toward one end 2. to diminish or lessen gradually abate : intensity :: taper : width tapestry [tǽpistri] n. : a heavy cloth woven with rich, often varicolored designs or scenes, usually hung on walls for decoration and sometimes used to cover furniture chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy :: filigree : delicacy chiaroscuro ; tardy [tɑ rdi] a., : LATE, SLUGGISH 1. occurring, arriving, acting, or done after the scheduled, expected, or usual time; late 2. moving slowly; sluggish guile : naif, naive :: tardy : prompt (OPPOSITE) tarnish [tɑ rniʃ] v., ; 1. to dull the luster of; discolor, especially by exposure to air or dirt 2. a. to detract from or spoil; taint b. to cast aspersions on silver : tarnish :: iron : rust tarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth vitrify to change or make into glass or a glassy substance tarpaulin [tɑ rpɔ lin] n. 1. material, such as waterproofed canvas, used to cover and protect things from moisture 2. a sheet of this material tarpaulin : protection :: caveat : precaution caveat <ke iviæ t>, ; tarpaulin : covering :: raincoat : garment lint : covering :: tarpaulin : garment (tarpaulin에는 의류 의 뜻이 없 음) ( ) garment ;, an article of clothing tasty [téisti] a., ; 1. having a pleasing flavor; savory 2. having or showing good taste; tasteful tasty uninteresting tatty [tǽti] a.,, : SHABBY : somewhat worn, shabby, or dilapidated tatty smart taunt [tɔ nt, tɑ nt] v. ; 1. to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or contemptuous manner 2. to drive or incite (a person) by taunting flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge flout, to show contempt for; scorn taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit taut [tɔ t] a. ; ;, 1. pulled or drawn tight; not slack 2. strained; tense 3. a. kept in trim shape; neat and tidy b. marked by the efficient, sparing, and concise use of something, such as language or detail slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength dilute taut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu (OPPOSITE) purlieu <p ә:rlju:>,, ; loosen, slacken tauten taut slack, lax, loose, unfirm tawdry [tɔ dri] a. : gaudy and cheap in nature or appearance tawdry : garment :: grandiloquence : language garment an article of clothing tawdry exquisite exquisite, ; ;, taxing [tǽksiŋ] a., : ONEROUS, WEARING : burdensome; wearing onerous troublesome or oppressive; burdensome taxing light, easy taxonomy n. / 1. the classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships 2. the science, laws, or principles of classification; systematics 3. division into ordered groups or categories taxonomist : classify :: carpenter : build tear [tɛә r] v., 1. to pull apart or into pieces by force; rend 2. to make (an opening) by ripping 3. to lacerate (the skin, for example) 4. to separate forcefully; wrench 5. to divide or disrupt tear insert, tether, stabilize, yoke tether <te ðәr> ( ) ; to fasten or restrict with or as if with a tether tease [ti z] vt., : to annoy or make fun of someone persistently tease : tantalize :: tantalize tedious [tí diәs] a., : BORING : tiresome by reason of length, slowness, or dullness

tedious : energy :: disturbing : composure discompose : pacific :: engage : tedious tedious entertaining, absorbing, stimulating tedium excitement teem [ti m] v. : To be full of things; abound or swarm teeter [tí tә r] v.,, : WOBBLE 1. to walk or move unsteadily or unsurely; totter 2. to alternate, as between opposing attitudes or positions; vacillate 3. to seesaw wobble, ; totter ;, teeter stabilize teetotalism one who abstains completely from alcoholic beverages teetotalism intemperance telling [téliŋ] a. : EFFECTIVE, EXPRESSIVE : having force and producing a striking effect telling not effective temerity [tәmérәti] n., : RASHNESS : foolhardy disregard of danger; recklessness temerity circumspection, cautious approach, pusillanimity pusillanimity,, pusillanimous lacking courage; cowardly temperate [témp-әrit] a., ; ( ) 1. exercising moderation and self-restraint 2. moderate in degree or quality; restrained 3. characterized by moderate temperatures, weather, or climate; neither hot nor cold temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist tenacious ; harangue speak temperately harangue ;, temperate dissolute, immodest, extreme, frivolous tempestuous [tempéstʃuәs] a. ;, tentative [téntәtiv] a. ;, 1. of, relating to, or resembling a tempest 2. tumultuous; stormy tempestuous serene temporize [témpәràiz] v., ; 1. to act evasively in order to gain time, avoid argument, or postpone a decision 2. to engage in discussions or negotiations, especially os as to achieve a compromise or gain time 3. to yield to current circumstances or necessities; act to suit the time temporizing unwilling to compromise tenable [ténәb-әl] a. / : DEFENSIBLE, REASONABLE 1. capable of being maintained in argument; rationally defensible 2. capable of being held against assault; defensible ineluctable, inevitable : avoid :: untenable : defend ineluctable, not to be avoided or escaped; inevitable tenable unjustified, unjustifiable, unsound, indefensible, unsupportable, specious, fallacious, fallible fallacious, fallible capable of making an error; tending or likely to be erroneous tenacious [tәnéiʃәs] a., 1. holding or tending to hold persistently to something, such as a point of view 2. holding together firmly; cohesive 3. clinging to another object or surface; adhesive 4. tending to retain; retentive beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist tenacious : yield :: insouciant : worry insouciant marked by blithe unconcern; nonchalant tenacious irresolute, negotiable, tractable, yielding tenacity vacillation tendentious [tendénʃәs] a. / : BIASED : marked by a strong implicit point of view; partisan tendentious : objective :: (OPPOSITE) tendentious unbiased, unprejudiced tendency loathing tender [tend :r] a. v. / ; : to offer formally a. 1. a. easily crushed or bruised; fragile b. easily chewed or cut 2. young and vulnerable 3. frail; delicate 4. sensitive to frost or severe cold; not hardy 5. a. easily hurt; sensitive b. painful; sore 6. a. considerate and protective; solicitous b. characterized by or expressing gentle emotions; loving c. given to sympathy or sentimentality; soft tender hardbitten, hardy, insensitive tender resist, retain, retract, withdraw, withhold tendinous [téndәnәs] a. : SINEWY tendinous : sinewy :: (EQUAL) sinewy <sínjui>, ;, strong and vigorous HESITANT, UNCERTAIN 1. not fully worked out, concluded, or agreed on; provisional 2. uncertain; hesitant pontificate speak tentatively tenuous [ténjuәs] adj. / : thin, slender, rare, rarefied, meager, flimsy : If you describe something such as a connection, a reason, or someone's position as tenuous, you mean that it is very uncertain or weak. tenuous <> substantial tepid [tépid] a., : LUKEWARM 1. moderately warm; lukewarm 2. lacking in emotional warmth or enthusiasm; halfhearted lukewarm ;, tepid fever, ardent, feverish, ebullient tepidity ardor terminology [tә rmәnɑĺәdʒi / -nɔĺ-] n. 1. the vocabulary of technical terms used in a particular field, subject, science, or art; nomenclature 2. the study of nomenclature nomenclature, ; terminology : language :: uniform : clothing (A B) terminus [tә rmәnәs] n., ;, ;, : TERMINAL 1. the final point; the end

2. an end point on a transportation line or the town in which it is located 3. a. a boundary or border b. a stone or post marking a border inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation (OPPOSITE) inception, ; matriculation ( ) terminus : stop :: epilogue : story outset termination sustain terminate terror [térә r] n. 1. intense, overpowering fear 2. one that instills intense fear 3. the ability to instill intense fear 4. violence committed or threatened by a group to intimidate or coerce a population, as for military or political purposes apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration (A << B) terror : fear :: craving : desire (A >> B) terse [tә rs] a. : brief and to the point; effectively concise terseness : voluble :: transitory : permanence abandon : inhibition :: volubility : terseness (OPPOSITE) abandon,, terse lengthy, prolix testator [tésteitә r, -- -] n. : one who has made a legally valid will before death heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator heirloom < ɛәrlù:m> testify v. / ; (declare on oath) 1. to make a declaration of truth or fact under oath; submit testimony 2. to express or declare a strong belief, especially to make a declaration of faith 3. to make a statement based on personal knowledge in support of an asserted fact; bear witness 4. to serve as evidence testified unjustified testimonial [tèstәmóuniәl] n. ; 1. a statement in support of a particular truth, fact, or claim 2. a written affirmation of another's character or worth; a personal recommendation 3. something given in appreciation of a persons's service or achievement; a tribute testimonial : appreciation :: confession : culpability (A express B) culpable deserving of blame or censure as being wrong, evil, improper, or injurious testimony [téstәmòuni / -mәni] n., 1. a. a declaration by a witness under oath, as that given before a court or deliberative body b. all such declarations, spoken or written, offered in a legal case or deliberative hearing 2. evidence in support of a fact or an assertion; proof 3. a public declaration regarding a religious expression calumny : assertion, representation :: perjury : testimony (OPPOSITE) calumny,, perjury ( ); testimonial : appreciation :: confession : culpability testy [tésti] a., : IRRITABLE : irritated, impatient, or exasperated; peevish testy : annoy :: tractable : control, teach testy good-humored, humorous, unable to irritate, affable, imperturbable testiness imperturbability, patience tether [téðә r] n., ;, v., 1. a rope or chain for holding an animal in place, allowing it a short radius in which to move about 2. the extent or limit of one's resources, abilities, or endurance to fasten or restrict with or as if with a tether tether detach, loose, tear theatric, theatrical [ɵiǽtrik-әl] a. ;, ; n. ( ) 1. of, relating to, or suitable for dramatic performance or the theater 2. marked by exaggerated self-display and unnatural behavior; affectedly dramatic theatrical natural, cherubic, sober, restrained, professional, understated sober ;, ;, ;, theatricals professional theology [ɵi ɑĺәdʒi / -ɔĺ-] n. conservatory : music :: seminary : theology :: observatory : astronomy seminary therapeutic [ɵèrәpjú tik] a. : having or exhibiting healing powers therapeutic : hospital :: illuminating : school thorny [ɵɔ rni] a. ;, 1. full of or covered with thorns 2. spiny 3. painfully controversial; vexatious thorny smooth, refined, unproblematical thoroughgoing [ ' ro:ug`ouiŋ] a. ;, (complete, unqualified) 1. very thorough; complete 2. unmitigated; unqualified thoroughgoing cursory, imcomplete, partial, shallow, slipshod, superficial, unthorough thralldom [ɵrɔ ldәm] n. : a state of servitude or submission : a state of complete absorption thralldom <> independence threadbare [ɵrédbɛ ә r] a., ;, 1. having the nap worn down so that the filling or warp thread show through; frayed or shabby 2. wearing old, shabby clothing 3. overused to the point of being worn out; hackneyed shabby, ; ; ;, threadbare, timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directness thrive [ɵraiv] vi. : FLOURISH 1. to make steady progress; prosper 2. to grow vigorously; flourish languish, fail, languor thrive languish, languor ;, wizened thriving wizen <wízәn> to dry up; wither or shrivel shrivel,,

throng [ɵrɔ( )ŋ, ɵrɑŋ] vi. ; ; tinker : adjust :: scribble : write, n. 1. a large group of people gathered or crowded closely together; a multitude 2. a large group of things; a host protract : length :: throng : number tint [tint] n. thwart [ɵwɔ rt] v., 1. to prevent the occurrence, realization, or attainment of 2. to oppose and defeat the efforts, plans, or ambitions of oppose : thwart :: treat : cure (EQUAL) thwart, impede abet, support, aid (effectively), enable, foster, bolster, foment, facilitate, stir up tidy [táidi] a., : orderly and neat in appearance or procedure sloven tidy sloven one who is habitually careless in personal appearance or work tiff [tif] n., ;, : SPAT 1. a fit of irritation 2. a petty quarrel tiff : squabble :: foible : failing squabble foible, ; offense : peccadillo :: quarrel : tiff tightfisted [táitfístid] a. close-fisted; stingy tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous (EQUAL) brat ( ) a child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one mischievous ; ;, timeworn [táimwɔ rn] a., : HACKNEYED 1. showing the effects of long use or wear 2. used too often; trite threadbare, timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directness :: convoluted : simplicity timeworn novel timid [tímid] a., 1. lacking self-confidence; shy 2. fearful and hesitant self-confident : timid :: open : shy (OPPOSITE) timid stalwart timorous [tím-әrәs] a., : FEARFUL : full of apprehensiveness; timid timorous intrepid, scrappy, stalwart, unflinching intrepid, resolutely courageous; fearless scrappy, stalwart, ;, unflinching, (steadfast, resolute) showing neither fear nor indecision; resolute tinge [tindʒ] vt. ; : TINT 1. to apply a trace of color to; tint 2. to affect slightly, as with a contrasting quality tinged colorless tinker [tíŋkә r] v. ; : to make unskilled or experimental efforts at repair; fiddle 1. a shade of a color, especially a pale or delicate variation 2. a gradation of a color made by adding white to it to lessen its saturation 3. a slight coloration; a tinge 4. a barely detectable amount or degree; a trace tint : suffuse :: damp : quench (A << B) suffuse, to spread through or over, as with liquid, color, or light quench ;, ;, tirade [táireid, tiréid] n. ticklish [tíkliʃ] a., ; (, ) ; 1. sensitive to tickling 2. easily offended or upset; touchy 3. requiring skillful or tactful handling; delicate pliant : influence :: ticklish : offend ticklish imperturbable toady [tóudi] n. : SYCOPHANT : a long angry or violent speech, usually of a censorious or denunciatory nature; a diatribe anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole :: burlesque : mockery tirade dispassionate speech : a person who flatters or defers to others for self-serving reasons recluse : solitude :: toady : favor toady : flatter :: (EQUAL) token [tóuk-әn] n. 1. something serving as an indication, a proof, or an expression of something else; a sign 2. something that signifies or evidences authority, validity, or identity 3. a distinguishing feature or characteristic 4. one that represents a group, as an employee whose presence is used to deflect from the employer criticism or accusations of discrimination 5. a keepsake or souvenir 6. a piece of stamped metal used as a substitute for currency token : exchange :: clamp : compression taciturn : solemnity :: token : exchange ( ) tolerant a., ; ( ) 1. inclined to tolerate the beliefs, practices, or traits of others; forbearing 2. able to withstand or endure an adverse environmental condition bigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancy inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency inure ; posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant posture, ;, ; bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan (OPPOSITE) tong [tɔ( )ŋ, tɑ ŋ] v. : to seize, hold, or manipulate with tongs tong : seize :: tongs : grasping :: reel : winding tonic [tɑńik] n. : REFRESHING 1. an agent, such as a medication, that restores or increases body tone 2. an invigorating, refreshing, or restorative agent or influence conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate, stimulate :: analgesic : deaden tonic enfeebling, draining tonsorial [tɑnsɔ riәl / tɔn-] a. ( ) : of or relating to barbering or a barber tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel

toot [tu t] v. : to sound a short blast : to sound a note or call suggesting the short blast of a wind instrument toot : blast ::?????? (<<) canard : deceive ::?????? topsoil [tu t], : the upper part of the soil topsoil : erode :: paint : peel (A가 B되다) topple [tɑṕ-әl / tɔṕ-әl] v., : to fall from or as if from being top-heavy tourniquet [túә rnikit] n. topsy-turvy [tɑṕsitә rvi / tɔṕ-] a.,, 1. with the top downward and the bottom up; upside-down 2. in a state of utter disorder or confusion topsy-turvy tranquil tornado n., ;, tornado : air :: whirlpool : water torpid [tɔ rpid] a., 1. deprived of the power of motion or feeling; benumbed 2. dormant; hibernating 3. lethargic; apathetic torpid responsive, arduous, ardent, ebullient ebullient ; torpor [tɔ rpә r] n., ; 1. a state or mental or physical inactivity or insensibility 2. lethargy; apathy 3. the dormant, inactive state of a hibernating or estivating animal torpor : iciness :: iciness ;, torpor zeal, animation, alert, ardor, ebullience, extreme excitability, vigilant, vivacity torque [to:rk] n. ; 1. the moment of a force; the measure of a force's tendency to produce torsion and rotation about an axis, equal to the vector product of the radius vector from the axis of rotation to the point of application of the force 2. a turning or twisting force torque : rotation :: tension : elongation TRICKY, CIRCUITOUS 1. having or marked by repeated turns or bends; winding or twisting 2. not straightforward; circuitous; devious 3. highly involved; complex tortuous direct, straightforward totter v. ;, 1. a. to sway as if about to fall b. to appear about to collapse 2. to walk unsteadily or feebly; stagger touchy a. ; ; 1. tending to take offense with slight cause; oversensitive 2. requiring special tact or skill in handling; delicate 3. highly sensitive to touch 4. easily ignited; flammable quixotic : idealistic :: touchy : sensitive (A >> B) tourniquet : bleeding :: brake : motion :: dam : flooding :: moratorium : activity tout [taut] v. ; / 1. to solicit or importune 2. to obtain or sell information on (a racehorse or stable) for the guidance of bettors 3. to promote or praise energetically; publicize tout deprecate, denounce, cast aspersions on aspersion, ; toxin [tɑḱsin / tɔḱ-] n. toxin innocuous substance toxic beneficial toward [t w'o:rd] a. ;, (promising) 1. favoring success or a good outcome; propitious 2. happening soon; imminent toward obdurate toy [toi] v.,, ; 1. to amuse oneself idly; trifle 2. to treat something casually or without seriousness toy think over seriously trace [treis] n. /, : a mark or line left by something that has passed; also : FOOTPRINT : a minute and often barely detectable amount or indication trace : amount ::??????? tractable [trǽktәb-әl] a., ; ( ) : DOCILE torrential [ rénʃ-әl] a., 1. easily managed or controlled; governable 1. resembling, flowing in, or forming torrents 2. resulting from the action of fast-flowing streams 3. flowing or surging abundantly; wild torrential trickling trickle, ; 2. easily handled or worked; malleable complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit (OPPOSITE) complaisance ;, subtle : overlook :: tractable : lead testy : annoy :: tractable : control testy, irritated, impatient, or torrid [tɔ rid, tɑŕ- / tɔŕ-] a., ; : ARDENT exasperated; peevish credulous : cozen :: tractable : control 1. parched with the heat of the sun; intensely hot 2. scorching; burning 3. passionate; ardent 4. hurried; rapid torrid arctic, icy torridness frigidity cozen, tame : tractable :: tractable balky, pertinacious, incorrigible, insubordinate, obstinate, intransigent, headstrong tractable incorrigible, manageable, obstinate balky, pertinacious,, tortuous [tɔ rtʃuәs] a. ;, : intransigent, tractability incorrigibility pliant intransigent, intractable train [trein] v. ; 1. to coach in or accustom to a mode of behavior or

performance 2. to make proficient with specialized instruction and practice 3. to prepare physically, as with a regimen 4. to cause (a plant or one's hair) to take a desired course or shape, as by manipulating 5. to focus on or aim at (a goal, mark, or target); direct traduce [trәdjú s] v. 1 : to expose to shame or blame by means of falsehood and misrepresentation 2 : VIOLATE, BETRAY synonyms see MALIGN traduce <> extol trait [treit] n., ; ( ), ;, : PECULIARITY 1. a distinguishing feature, as of a person's character 2. a stroke with or as if with a pencil b. a slight degree or amount, as of a quality; a touch or trace trance n., ;, 1. a hypnotic( ), cataleptic, or ecstatic state 2. detachment from one's physical surroundings, as in contemplation or daydreaming 3. a semiconscious state, as between sleeping and waking; a daze tranquility n.,, serenity tranquility ferment, pandemonium ferment, ;, transcend [trænsénd] vt., : OVERCOME 1. to pass beyond the limits of 2. to be greater than, as in intensity or power; surpass 3. to exist above and independent of (material experience or the universe) ossify transcend conventions transfigure [trænsfígjә r, -fígә r] vt. 1. to alter the outward appearance of; transform 2. to exalt or glorify transfer : location :: transfigure : aspect transfigure : appearance, aspect :: transfer : location transgress [trænsgrés] vt. ( ) ;, : VIOLATE 1. to go beyond or over (a limit or boundary); exceed or overstep 2. to act in violation of (the law, for example) rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse rectitude, ; transgression : morality :: presumption : propriety trespass : boundary :: betray : trust :: astray : path :: transgress : rules transgress obey transient [trǽnʃәnt, -ʒәnt, -ziәnt] a., : TRANSITORY 1. passing with time; transitory 2. remaining in a place only a brief time opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience (EQUAL, 형 : 명) opportune, ; convoluted : complexity :: ephemeral : transience :: transient : evanescent (EQUAL) transient : vanish :: constant : perpetuate transience permanence, persistence transient lasting, protracted, perpetual, rooted, eternal, permanent, persistent, rooted, protracted, enduring protract to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong transition 1. passage from one form, state, style, or place to another 2. a. passage from one subject to another in discourse b. a word, phrase, sentence, or series of sentences connecting one part of a discourse to another transition persistence transitory [trǽnsәtɔ ri, -zә- / -t-әri] a. : existing or lasting only a short time; short-lived or temporary transitory : endure :: immutable : change achromatic : hue :: transitory : permanence transitory durable, enduring, permanent, perpetual, persistent transitoriness duration, durability, endurance, permanence, perpetuation, perpetuity, persistence translucent [trænslú s-әnt] a. ;, : CLEAR, LUCID, TRANSPARENT 1. transmitting light but causing sufficient diffusion to prevent perception of distinct images 2. clear; lucid slack : tension :: opaque : translucence translucent opaque, impervious of light, transparent translucence opacity transparent [trænspɛ -әrәnt] a., 1. capable of transmitting light so that objects or images can be seen as if there were no intervening material 2. permeable to electromagnetic radiation of specified frequencies, as to visible light or radio waves 3. so fine in texture that it can be seen through; sheer 4. a. easily seen through or detected; obvious b. free from guile; candid or open conspicuous : see :: transparent : understand conspicuous, manifest, lucid : perceive :: transparent : understand opacity transparency transparent deceitful, delusive, opaque transpire [trænsp'ai :r] v. ; ( ), ; ( ) vi. 1. to become known; come to light 2. to come about; happen or occur 3. to give off vapor containing waste products, as through animal or plant pores transpire dampen, moisturize travail [trәvéil, trǽveil] n., ;, 1. work, especially when arduous or involving painful effort; toil 2. tribulation or agony; anguish 3. the labor of childbirth laze travail traverse [trǽvә rs, trәvә rs] vt. : to travel or pass across, over, or through diverge : apart :: traverse : across (CHARACTER) travesty [trǽvәsti] n., 1. an exaggerated or grotesque imitation, such as a parody of a literary work 2. a debased or grotesque likeness travesty paragon treacherous [trétʃ-әrәs] a., ; : PERFIDIOUS 1. marked by betrayal of fidelity, confidence, or trust; perfidious 2. not to be relied on; not dependable or trustworthy 3. marked by unforeseen hazards; dangerous or deceptive

treacherousness faithfulness treasurer [tréʒ-әrә r] n. : one who has charge of funds or revenues treasurer : funds :: secretary : records treaty [trí ti] n. ;, 1. a. a formal agreement between two or more states, as in reference to terms of peace or trade b. the document in which such an agreement is set down 2. a contract or an agreement rectify : treaty :: confirm : hypothesis rectify, 1. to set right; correct 2. to correct by calculation or adjustment tremendous [triméndәs] a. ; 1. extremely large in amount, extent, or degree; enormous 2. capable of making one tremble; terrible trim [trim] adj. tremulous [trémjәlәs] a.,, 1. marked by trembling, quivering, or shaking 2. timid or fearful; timorous trinket [tríŋkit] trenchant [tréntʃ-әnt] a., 1. keen; incisive 2. forceful, effective, and vigorous 3. caustic; cutting 4. distinct; clear-cut trenchant : insipid :: (OPPOSITE) trenchant vague, dull trendsetter [tréndsètә r] n. : one that initiates or popularizes a trend trepidation [trèpәdéiʃ-әn] n., ;,, : APPREHENSION 1. a state of alarm or dread; apprehension 2. an involuntary trembling or quivering audacious : trepidation :: laconic : aspiration laconic ;, using or marked by the use of few words; terse or concise aspiration, ;, a strong desire for high achievement dauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachment footloose, trepidation aplomb, soberness aplomb, ; self-confident assurance; poise sober ; ;, ; dauntless trepid trepid timid; timorous trespass [tréspәs, -pæ s] vi., 1. to commit an offense or a sin; transgress or err 2. (law) to commit an unlawful injury to the person, property, or rights of another, with actual or implied force or violence, especially to enter onto another's land wrongfully 3. to infringe on the privacy, time, or attention of another infringe, ; to transgress or exceed the limits of; violate usurp : take :: trespass : enter trespass : boundary :: transgress : rule trespass obey, undo, without to intrude undo L 1. to unfasten something that is tied or wrapped 2. to try to remove the bad effects of something you have done trial [trái-әl] n. trial : courthouse :: experiment : laboratory tribute [tríbju t] n., ;, : ENCOMIUM tribute reprobation, denunciation reprobate to disapprove of; condemn trickle [trík-әl] n. ; 1. to flow or fall in drops or in a thin stream 2. to move or proceed slowly or bit by bit blast : whiff :: gush : trickle trickle : gush :: warm : sear sear, ;, trite [trait] a., : lacking power to evoke interest through overuse or repetition trite unbanal, unhackneyed, fresh, original : exhibiting neatness, good order, or compactness of line or structure trim <> messy n. : a small ornament (as a jewel or ring) trinket : jewelry ::??????? (<<) trivial [tríviәl] a., ; : of little significance or value; ordinary or commonplace trivial massive, substantive, grandiose, indispensable trivial matters important characteristic, main point trophy [tróufi] n. trophy : contestant :: honors : student athlete : trophy :: soldier : medal troupe [tru p] n., ( ) : a company or group, especially of touring actors, singers, or dancers troupe : perform :: chorus : sing orchestra : music :: troupe : drama truant [trú әnt] n., 1. one who is absent without permission, especially from school 2. one who shirks work or duty truant : dutiful :: (OPPOSITE) truant dutiful, truce [tru s] n.,, 1. a temporary cessation or suspension of hostilities by agreement of the opposing sides; an armistice 2. a respite from a disagreeable state of affairs truce resumed fighting truculent [trʌḱjәlәnt] a., ;, : CRUEL, SAVAGE 1. disposed to fight; pugnacious 2. expressing bitter opposition; scathing 3. disposed to or exhibiting violence or destructiveness; fierce pugnacious combative in nature; belligerent truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse (OPPOSITE) regenerate,, truculent gentle, pacific, placid, genial, meek, peaceful, placid truculence kindness, benevolence, tranquility trudge [trʌdʒ] vt. : to walk in a laborious, heavy-footed way; plod

lug : carry :: trudge : walk lug to pull something with difficulty cavort trudge cavort ( ) ; caper, romp ; truism [trú iz-әm] n., : a self-evident truth truism unusual observation, hasty decision, complex explanation/method trumpery [trʌḿpәri] adj. 1. Showy but worthless finery; bric-a-brac. 2. Nonsense; rubbish. 3. Deception; trickery; fraud. trumpery <> honesty trumpet n. trumpet : horn :: tambourine : drum truncate [trʌ ŋkeit] v., 1. to shorten by or as if by cutting off 2. to shorten (a number) by dropping one or more digits after the decimal point 3. to replace (the edge of a crystal) with a plane face truncate : extent :: simplify : complexity prolong truncate turbulent [tә rbjәlәnt] a., 1. violently agitated or disturbed; tumultuous 2. having a chaotic or restless character or tendency 3. causing unrest or disturbance; unruly maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory maelstrom ;, turbulence serenity turgid [tә rdʒid] a., ; : BOMBASTIC, POMPOUS 1. excessively ornate or complex in style or language; grandiloquent 2. swollen or distended, as from a fluid; bloated turgid simple turmoil [tә rmɔil] n. : a state of extreme confusion or agitation; commotion or tumult turmoil tranquility turncoat [tә rnkòut] n. : TRAITOR : one who traitorously switches allegiance bigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancy :: recluse : compassion :: simpleton : sagacity turncoat : constancy :: simpleton : sagacity sagacity, the quality of being discerning, sound in judgment, and farsighted; wisdom constancy turncoat truss [trʌs] n. : a rigid framework, as of wooden beams or metal bars, designed to support a structure, such as a roof ballast : stability :: truss : support tubby [tʌ bi] a. ; 1. short and fat 2. having a dull sound; lacking resonance tugboat n. : a small powerful boat designed for towing or pushing larger vessels locomotive : flatcar :: tugboat : barge locomotive flatcar [ ] tumbler [tʌḿblә r] n. : ACROBAT tumult [tjú mʌlt, -mәlt] n. ;, ;, : COMMOTION 1. the din and commotion of a great crowd 2. a. a disorderly commotion or disturbance b. a tempestuous uprising; a riot 3. agitation of the mind or emotions tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive bedlam ;, a place or situation of noisy uproar and confusion hive ( ); calm : frantic :: serene : tumultuous (OPPOSITE) tumult placation, placidity, quietude, quiescence, tranquility, serenity tumultuous serene, tranquil turpitude [tә rpitjù d] n. : DEPRAVITY, BASENESS 1. depravity; baseness 2. a base act turpitude saintly behavior, probity turquoise n. gem : turquoise :: flower : violet turret n. ; castle : turret :: sea : beacon tutor [tjú tә r] n. : a person charged with the instruction and guidance of another twig [twig] n. 1. a young shoot representing the current season's growth of a woody plant 2. any small, leafless branch of a woody plant figurine : statue :: twig : branch (A << B) twig : limb :: brook : river (A << B) typo [táipou] n., : a typographical error typo : text :: bug : software tyrant [tái-әrәnt] n., 1. an absolute ruler who governs without restrictions 2. a ruler who exercises power in a harsh, cruel manner 3. an oppressive, harsh, arbitrary person tyro [táirou] n. : a beginner in learning something tyro expert turbid [tә rbid] a., ; ( ), ;, : FOUL, MUDDY 1. having sediment or foreign particles stirred up or suspended; muddy 2. heavy, dark, or dense, as smoke or fog 3. in a state of turmoil; muddled

U connive, ;, seemly uncouth ubiquitous [ju bíkwәtәs] a. : being or seeming to be everywhere at the same time; omnipresent ubiquitous unique, rarely encountered ubiquity rarity ugly [ʌǵli] a. : HIDEOUS 1. displeasing to the eye; unsightly 2. repulsive or offensive; objectionable 3. morally reprehensible; bad 4. threatening or ominous 5. a. likely to cause embarrassment or trouble b. marked by or inclined to anger or bad feeling; cross or disagreeable pulchritude ugliness, hideousness pulchritude <pʌ lkritjù:d> great physical beauty and appeal unalloyed [' n l`oid] 1. not in mixture with other metals; pure 2. complete; unqualified unalloyed adulterated a. (pure), ;, (unmixed, genuine) unassailable [' n s`eil b: l] a.,, 1. impossible to dispute or disprove; undeniable underline 2. not subject to attack or seizure; impregnable unassailable : refute :: impervious : damage unassailable assailable, assaultable, attackable, controversial unassuming [ʌǹәsjú miŋ] a., : MODEST, RETIRING exhibiting no pretensions, boastfulness, or ostentation; modest unassuming imperious, overbearing unavailing [ʌǹәvéiliŋ] a. : FUTILE, USELESS : not availing; ineffectual or useless unavailing useful unbending [` nb'endiŋ] a., (stiff, rigid); (inflexible); 1. not yielding; inflexible underplay 2. aloof and often antisocial; extremely reserved unbending pliant uncanny [ʌnkǽni] a., : EERIE, MYSTERIOUS 1. peculiarly unsettling, as if of supernatural origin or nature; eerie 2. so keen and perceptive as to seem preternatural eerie <íәri> ; uncanny ordinary understudy [' nd :rst' di] uncommitted a. ;, : not pledged to a specific cause or course of action rabid uncommitted rabid, ;, understudy : star :: deputy : sheriff unconventional [ʌǹkәnvénʃәnәl] a. / deputy, ; sheriff ;, : not adhering to convention; out of the ordinary hero : admirable :: eccentric : unconventional unconventionality fidelity to custom undue a., uncouth [ʌnkú ɵ] a., ; 1. crude; unrefined 2. awkward or clumsy; ungraceful uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver churl ; unctuous [ʌ ŋktʃuәs] a., ; 1. characterized by affected, exaggerated, or insincere earnestness 2. having the quality or characteristics of oil or ointment; slippery 3. containing or composed of oil or fat 4. abundant in organic materials; soft and rich placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous salve, ; ( ); sanctimonious : devout :: unctuous : earnest sanctimonious feigning piety or righteousness unctuous brusque brusque, abrupt and curt in manner or speech; discourteously blunt underdog [ʌńdәrdɔ ( )g, -dɑ g] n., 1. one that is expected to lose a contest or struggle, as in sports or politics 2. one that is at a disadvantage underdog bully undergird [ʌǹdәrgә rd], : to support or strengthen from beneath undermine undergird [' ltr :rl'ain] 1. to draw a line under; emphasize or cause to stand out; underscore 2. to emphasize; stress underline deemphasis, underplay undermine [ʌǹdәrmáin] v.,, 1. to weaken by wearing away a base or foundation 2. to weaken, injure, or impair, often by degrees or imperceptibly; sap 3. to dig a mine or tunnel beneath undermine undergird, aggrandize, reinforce undergird, to support or strengthen from beneath aggrandize / v. 1. to act (a role) subtly or with restraint 2. to present or deal with subtly or with restraint; play down underscore [ʌǹdәrskɔ r] v. ; 1. to underline 2. to emphasize; stress underscore : emphasis :: brand : ownership underscore de-emphasize, underplay underplay v. / 1. to study or know (a role) so as to be able to replace the regular performer when required 2. to act as an understudy to ;, ; 1. exceeding what is appropriate or normal; excessive 2. not just, proper, or legal 3. not yet payable or due rebellious : antiestablishment :: extravagant : undue antiestablishment

unearth [ʌnә rɵ] v., 1. to bring up out of the earth; dig up 2. to bring to public notice; uncover unearth conceal unexceptionable [ʌǹiksépʃәnәbәl] a. : UNIMPEACHABLE beyond any reasonable objection; irreproachable unexceptionable : oppose :: unique : precedent unexceptional [ʌǹiksépʃәnәl] a. : COMMONPLACE 1. not varying from a norm; usual 2. not subject to exceptions; absolute unexceptional [ʌǹiksépʃәnәl] adj. : commonplace : not open to objection or criticism ; beyond reproach unexceptionable : oppose :: unique : precedent unfasten [ʌnfǽsn / -fɑ sn] v. : to make loose secure <> unfasten scotch <> encourage {unfasten아님} unfeigned [ʌnféind] adj. : not feigned or hypocritical : GENUINE synonyms see SINCERE unfeigned <> pretended unlettered [ʌnlétәrd] a., 1. a. not adept at reading and writing; deficient in the knowledge that can be acquired from books b. illiterate 2. having no lettering erudite smattering of knowledge, ignorant, unlettered unobtrusive [' n btr'u:siv] a., (modest, retiring); : not undesirably noticeable or blatant; inconspicuous unobtrusive impetuous unpalatable [ʌnpǽlәtәbәl] a. ; : DISTASTEFUL 1. not pleasing to the taste 2. not pleasant or agreeable unprepossessing [` npr`i:p z'esiŋ] a. ; : failing to impress favorably; nondescript unprepossessing attractive, entrancing, winsome unpretentious [ʌǹpriténʃәs] a. : MODEST : lacking pretension or affectation; modest bombastic unpretentious unproductive a. ; (ineffective) effectual unproductive unflagging [ʌnflǽgiŋ] flag 1. to hang limply; droop 2. to decline in vigor or strength 3. to decline in interest unflagging fading unflappable [ʌnflǽpәbәl] a. : persistently calm, whether when facing difficulties or experiencing success; not easily upset or excited unflappable : upset :: obstinate : persuade unflappable disturbed ungainly [ʌngéinli] a., : CLUMSY 1. lacking grace or ease of movement or form; clumsy 2. difficult to move or use; unwieldy unwieldy (, ) ; loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly ungainly dexterous, adroit, lissome lissome <lísәm>, ;, unkempt [ʌnkémpt] a., ; 1. a. not combed b. not properly maintained; disorderly or untidy 2. unpolished; rude unkempt dapper dapper, ;, unrepentant [ʌǹripéntәnt] a. : having or exhibiting no remorse unrepentant remorseful, attritional, compunctious attrition, ;, ; unrequited [ʌǹrikwáitid] a., : not reciprocated or returned in kind remunerative unrequited remunerative ; remunerate, unruly [ʌnrú li] a. : difficult or impossible to discipline, control, or rule unruly : authority :: refractory : change unruly disciplined, subdued unseemly unhackneyed a. unhackneyed trite unstable unheralded [ʌnhérәldid] a., ;, unheralded : announcement :: rash : circumspection :: impromptu : rehearsal unherald proclaim [ ns'i:mli] a., ; / 1. not in accord with accepted standards of good taste; grossly improper 2. not suited to the circumstances; inappropriate unseemly decorous unseemliness decorum [ nst'eib: l] 1. a. tending strongly to change b. not constant; fluctuating 2. a. fickle b. lacking control of one's emotions; characterized by unpredictable behavior 3. not firmly placed; unsteady unstable secure unimpeachable [ʌǹimpí tʃәbәl] a., unsubstantial [' ns bst'æn : l] a., ; 1. difficult or impossible to impeach 2. beyond reproach; blameless 3. beyond doubt; unquestionable unimpeachable open to question 1. lacking material substance; insubstantial 2. lacking firmness or strength; flimsy 3. lacking basis in fact unsubstantial firm unsubstantiated [` ns bst'æn i`eitid] a., unsubstantiated verified unsullied [ʌnsʌĺid] adj. unsullied <> tarnished

untainted [ nt'eintid] a. ; untainted contaminated untenable [ʌnténәbәl] a., 1. being such that defense or maintenance is impossible 2. being such that occupation or habitation is impossible untenable : defense :: invulnerable : injury untenable : defended :: incontrovertible : disputed :: inevitable : avoided invulnerable, ;, incontrovertible, impossible to dispute; unquestionable inalienable : surrendered :: untenable : depended inalienable ( ) that cannot be transferred to another or others untenable : depended :: inexorable : persuade inexorable ;, not capable of being persuaded by entreaty; relentless untenable defensible untenable habitable untold [ʌntóuld] a. ; :INCALCULABLE, VAST 1. not told or revealed 2. beyond description or enumeration countless, innumerable, myriad, untold : number :: everlasting, interminable : duration myriad constituting a very large, indefinite number; innumerable untold able to quantify, quantifiable, calculable, able to gauge, plumbable untoward [ʌntɔ rd, ʌntóuәrd] a., ; : ADVERSE, UNPROPITIOUS 1. not favorable; unpropitious 2. troublesome; adverse 3. hard to guide or control; unruly 4. improper; unseemly untoward favorable and anticipated, fortunate, auspicious, propitious, fortunate auspicious, propitious ; ;, toward obdurate untutored [ʌntjú tәrd] a. ; : NAIVE, UNSOPHISTICATED 1. having had no formal learning or training 2. unsophisticated; unrefined untutored polished unwonted [ʌnwóuntid] a. 1. not habitual or ordinary; unusual 2. not accustomed; unused habit unwonted behavior unwonted usual upbraid [ʌipbréid] vt. : to reprove sharply; reproach upbraid : reproach :: dote : like (A >> B) upbraid : disapproval :: lament : grief upbraid laud, extol, praise uphold [ʌdphóuld] vt. 1. to hold aloft; raise 2. to prevent from falling or sinking; support 3. to maintain or affirm against opposition uphold abrogate, forsake, impugn abrogate ; to abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority forsake ( ) to give up (something formerly held dear); renounce impugn, to attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument uproar [ʌṕrɔ r] n., 1. a condition of noisy excitement and confusion; tumult 2. a heated controversy upset [ʌpsét] v. 1. to cause to turn or tip over; capsize 2. to disturb the functioning, order, or course of 3. to distress or perturb mentally or emotionally 4. to overthrow; overturn 5. to defeat unexpectedly (an opponent favored to win) 6. to make (a heated metal bolt, for example) shorter and thicker by hammering on the end unflappable : upset :: obstinate : persuade unflappable, urbane [ә rbéin] a., : POLISHED : polite, refined, and often elegant in manner urbane : gaucherie :: guileless : chicanery urbane bucolic, rude, rustic urbanity artlessness, oafishness oaf, urge [ә rdʒ] vi. 1. to force or drive forward or onward; impel 2. to entreat earnestly and often repeatedly; exhort 3. to advocate earnestly the doing, consideration, or approval of; press for 4. to stimulate; excite 5. to move or impel to action, effort, or speed; spur didactic : teach :: hortatory : urge hortatory, marked by exhortation or strong urging risible : ridicule risible <rízәbl> ;, usurp [ju sә rp, -zә rp] vt., 1. to seize and hold (the power or rights of another, for example) by force and without legal authority 2. to take over or occupy without right usurp : take :: trespass : enter :: overwhelm : defeat impostor : identity :: usurper : authorization (LACK) impostor : imitation :: usurper : authentication (CHARACTER :: LACK) ( ) unwitting [ʌnwítiŋ] a., ;, : UNAWARE 1. not knowing; unaware 2. not intended; unintentional conscious unwitting embezzle : funds :: usurp : power usurp : seize :: interrogate : examine :: defame : disparage (EQUAL) interrogate ; to examine by questioning formally or officially usurp assume rightfully usury n. ( ); 1. the practice of lending money and charging the borrower interest, especially at an exorbitant or illegally high rate 2. an excessive or illegally high rate of interest charged on borrowed money usury : interest :: gouging : price gouge / ; ( ), utter [ʌ tәr] v. a., : complete; absolute; entire flit : move :: blurt : utter flit ;, blurt to utter suddenly and impulsively

exclaim : utter :: flare : shine circumlocution pithy utters, utter concisely, straightforward utter jest solemn utterance jest, ; utter partial V vacate [véikeit / vәkéit] v. a. to cease to occupy or hold; give up b. to empty of occupants or incumbents vacate occupy vaccinate [vǽksәnèit] v. overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune soporific : sleep :: vaccinating : immunity soporific, vagrant [véigrәnt] a., ; : RANDOM n. 1. one who wanders from place to place without a permanent home or a means of livelihood 2. a wanderer; a rover 3. one who lives on the streets and constitutes a public nuisance vagrant fixed vague [veig] a., 1. not clearly expressed; inexplicit 2. not thinking or expressing oneself clearly 3. lacking definite shape, form, or character; indistinct 4. not clear in meaning or application 5. indistinctly felt, perceived, understood, or recalled; hazy vague well defined, trenchant, fixed trenchant, ; vain 1. not yielding the desired outcome; fruitless, 2. lacking substance or worth 3. excessively proud of one's appearance or accomplishments; conceited, vacillate [vǽsәlèit] a., : FLUCTUATE, OSCILLATE 1. to sway from one side to the other; oscillate 2. to swing indecisively from one course of action or opinion to another impetuous : vacillation, hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness bumptious, crudely or loudly assertive; pushy vacillation : persistent :: inertia : reactant (OPPOSITE) inertia ;, vacillate : persistent :: react : inert vacillate : uncertain :: apologize : contrite contrite, apologize : contrite :: vacillate : irresolute, hesitant adamant vacillatory impetuosity, pertinacity hesitance, vacillation pertinacious, ; vacillate equipoise, resolute, stand firm, resolve firmly equipoise, vacillation constancy, decisiveness, impetuosity, pertinacity, resolution, motionless balance adamant vacillating vacuous [vǽkjuәs] a., ;, : STUPID, INANE 1. devoid of matter; empty 2. a. lacking intelligence; stupid b. devoid of substance or meaning; inane c. devoid of expression; vacant 3. lacking serious purpose or occupation; idle vacuous intelligent, substantial, omniscient, full of ideas omniscient having total knowledge; knowing everything vacuity plentitude vagary [véigәri, vәgɛ әri] n., : an extravagant or erratic notion or action vagary : predict :: impossibility : execute, accomplish :: indemonstrable : prove :: diehard : budge vagary : predict :: acme : surpass acme, the highest point, as of perfection unplumbed : depth :: unpredictable : vagary (형 : 명) vagary : predict :: diehard : budge diehard, vagarious fixed vagary fixation valediction [væ lәdíkʃәn] n., ; 1. an act of bidding farewell; a leave-taking 2. a speech or statement made as a farewell panegyric : praise :: valediction : farewell panegyric /, valediction greeting valiant [vǽljәnt] a., ;, : COURAGEOUS 1. possessing valor; brave 2. marked by or done with valor valor, courage and boldness, as in battle; bravery valiant : entrapped :: demanding : satisfied valiant coward, craven, pusillanimous pusillanimous, lacking courage; cowardly valid [vǽlid] a. ; 1. well grounded; just 2. producing the desired results; efficacious 3. having legal force; effective or binding specious valid specious, having the ring of truth or plausibility but actually fallacious fallacy valid argument valorize [vǽlәràiz] v. 1. to establish and maintain the price of (a commodity) by governmental action 2. to give or assign a value to valorous [vǽlәrәs] a. : marked by or possessing great personal bravery; valiant craven valorous vanish v. a. to pass out of sight, especially quickly; disappear b. to pass out of existence vanquish [vǽŋkwiʃ] vt. ;, 1. a. to defeat or conquer in battle; subjugate b. to defeat in a contest, conflict, or competition 2. to overcome or subdue (an emotion, for example); suppress attack : vanquished :: goad : provoked (A의 결과 : B) dominate : vanquished :: (OPPOSITE)

vapid [vǽpid] a., ;, : FLAT, DULL 1. lacking liveliness, animation, or interest; dull 2. lacking taste, zest, or flavor; flat vapid zealous, riveting, inventive, piquant, bracing, zesty riveting wholly absorbing or engrossing one's attention; fascinating bracing ; invigorating or refreshing; strengthening zest ;, ;, vaporize [véipәràiz] v. : to convert or be converted into vapor scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization scuff ; ( ) to scrape the feet while walking; shuffle abraded : friction :: vaporized : heat vaporization, gasification solidification vaporous substantial vaporous [véipәrәs] a. ;, 1. relating to or resembling vapor 2. a. producing vapors; volatile b. giving off or full of vapors 3. insubstantial, vague, or ethereal 4. extravagantly fanciful; high-flown ethereal,, ; ;, vaporous substantial variance [vɛ әriәns] n., ;, : DIFFERENCE, VARIATION 1. a. the act of varying b. the state or quality of being variant or variable; a variation c. a difference between what is expected and what actually occurs 2. the state or fact of differing or of being in conflict immutable variable variance congruity, uniformity, quantity with a fixed value variegate v. ;... 1. to change the appearance of, especially by marking with different colors; streak 2. to give variety to; make varied variegation [vɛ әriәgéiʃәn] n. ( ) : the state of being variegated; diversified coloration variegation : uniformity :: simplicity : difficulty variegation uniform coloration varnish [vɑ rniʃ] n. v. 1. to cover with varnish 2. to give a smooth and glossy finish to 3. to give a deceptively attractive appearance to; gloss over glaze : porcelain :: varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth vassal n. ( ), ;, 1. a person who held land from a feudal lord and received protection in return for homage and allegiance 2. a bondman; a slave 3. a subordinate or dependent vat [væt] n. : a large vessel (as a cistern, tub, or barrel) especially for holding liquors in an immature state or preparations for dyeing or tanning mortar : grind :: vat : dye vault [vɔ lt] n. ( ) larder : provisions :: vault : valuables larder vault : valuables :: refrigerator : foods :: library : books vaunt [vɔ nt, vɑ nt] v., : BRAG : to speak boastfully of; brag about vaunt deprecate, humble, self-deprecate, downplay, understate downplay to minimize the significance of; play down vaunting meek meek, ;, vaunt deprecate veer [viәr] v. 1. to turn aside from a course, direction, or purpose; swerve 2. to shift clockwise in direction, as from north to northeast. used of the wind swerve, to turn aside or be turned aside from a straight course veer : direction :: convert : belief topic : digress :: course : veer veer maintain constant vehement [ví әmәnt] a., : POWERFUL 1. characterized by forcefulness of expression or intensity of emotion or conviction; fervid 2. marked by or full of vigor or energy; strong vehement politic, languid, apathetic, lull, tepid politic ; ; languid, ; apathetic ;, vehemency, vehemence tepidity, lull tepid ; lull venal [ví nl] a., ;, :PURCHASABLE 1. a. open to bribery; mercenary b. capable of betraying honor, duty, or scruples for a price; corruptible 2. marked by corrupt dealings, especially bribery 3. obtainable for a price disinterested : partisanship :: venal : probity disinterested, free of bias and self-interest; impartial probity, complete and confirmed integrity; uprightness venal unsusceptible of bribe, incorruptible vendor [véndәr, vendɔ r ] n. ;, vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate veneer [vәníәr] n. ( ), 1. a thin surface layer, as of finely grained wood, glued to a base of inferior material 2. any of the thin layers glued together to make plywood 3. a decorative facing, as of brick 4. a deceptive, superficial show; a facade foil : metal :: veneer : wood glaze : porcelain :: veneer : furniture :: baseboard : wall baseboard a molding that conceals the joint between an interior wall and a floor venerable [v'en: r b: l] a., 1. commanding respect by virtue of age, dignity character, or position 2. worthy of reverence, especially by religious or historical association venerable despicable venerate [vénәrèit] vt., : to regard with respect, reverence, or heartfelt deference perfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : veneration perfunctory,

insolent, venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn venerate despise, dishonor, scorn contempt, disdain veneration contempt, dishonor, hatred, derision, disdain, despise, scorn deride / to speak of or treat with contemptuous mirth vengeful [véndʒfәl] a. : REVENGEFUL 1. desiring vengeance; vindictive 2. indicating or proceeding from a desire for revenge 3. serving to exact vengeance demanding : satisfy :: vengeful : forgive (A = B하기 어려운) venial [ví niәl, -njәl] a., : easily excused or forgiven; pardonable venial : excuse :: pellucid : understand venial heinous, intolerant, inexorable, uncharitable, unforgiving, unpardonable, unrelenting, unsparing heinous, grossly wicked or reprehensible; abominable unsparing (liberal, profuse);, (hard, severe) veniality inexorability venom [vénәm] n. ;, 1. a poisonous secretion of an animal, such as a snake, spider, or scorpion, usually transmitted by a bite or sting 2. a poison 3. malice; spite placebo : innocuous :: venom : toxic :: milk : nutrient venous a. venous obscure (venous에 명백한 의 의미는 없는 듯... ) ventilate [véntәlèit] vt. ; 1. to admit fresh air into (a mine, for example) to replace stale or noxious air 2. to circulate through and freshen 3. to provide with a vent, as for airing 4. to expose (a substance) to the circulation of fresh air, as to retard spoilage 5. to expose to public discussion or examination 6. to aerate or oxygenate (blood) veracious [vәréiʃәs] a., ; : TRUTHFUL, HONEST 1. honest; truthful 2. accurate; precise veracious : guile :: (OPPOSITE) veracious mendacious, fallacious mendacious 1. lying; untruthful 2. false; untrue veracity [v r'æs ti] n., ; 1. adherence to the truth; truthfulness 2. conformity to fact or truth; accuracy or precision 3. something that is true mendacity veracity verbalism [vә rbәlìzәm] n. 1 a : a verbal expression : TERM b : PHRASING, WORDING 2 : words used as if they were more important than the realities they represent 3 a : a wordy expression of little meaning b : VERBOSITY argot <> standard language/ common verbalism verbatim [vә rbéitim] a. : using exactly the same words; corresponding word for word paraphrase : verbatim :: approximate : precise argot standard language, common verbalism argot, a specialized vocabulary or set of idioms used by a particular group verbose [vә rbóus] a., : WORDY : using or containing a great and usually an excessive number of words; wordy verbosity : words :: floridness : embellishments florid, ;,, verbosity succinctness, laconism verbose succinct, concise verdant [vә rdәnt] a. ; 1. green with vegetation; covered with green growth 2. (color) green in hue 3. lacking experience or sophistication; naive verdant sterile, sere, barren, morbid sere, withered; dry verdict [vә rdikt] n., 1. (law) the finding of a jury in a trial 2. an expressed conclusion; a judgment or an opinion verify [vérәfài] vt., 1. to prove the truth of by presentation of evidence or testimony; substantiate 2. to determine or test the truth or accuracy of, as by comparison, investigation, or reference verifiable : plausible :: obfuscating : indiscernible (EQUAL) obfuscate, plumb : depth :: verify : accuracy refutation verification refutation, unsubstantiated verified unsubstantiated, verifiable fallacious verify refute verisimilar [vèrәsímәlәr] a. : appearing to be true or real; probable verisimilar implausible implausible, difficult to believe; not plausible veritable [vérәtәbәl] a., : being truly so called; real or genuine veritable specious vermin [vә rmin] n. ; : person considered loathsome or highly offensive vernacular [vәrnǽkjәlәr] n. ;, ; 1. the standard native language of a country or locality 2. the everyday language spoken by a people as distinguished from the literary language 3. the idiom of a particular trade or profession 4. an idiomatic word, phrase, or expression 5. the common, nonscientific name of a plant or an animal vernacular : place :: jargon : profession vernacular : local :: jargon : profession jargon ; versatile [vә rsәtl / -tàil] a.,, 1. capable of doing many things competently 2. having varied uses or serving many functions 3. variable or inconstant; changeable

versatile having limited application, unchangeable verse n. ; : to familiarize by study or experience footloose : attachment :: unversed : familiarity footloose having no attachments or ties; free to do as one pleases versed [v :rst] a., : acquainted through study or experience; knowledgeable or skilled versed inexperienced versemonger [vә rsmʌ ŋgәr] vertex [v' :rteks] n. / n., ; (zenith) : the highest point; the apex or summit vertex lowliness, nadir vertigo [vә rtigòu] n., ; 1. a. the sensation of dizziness b. an instance of such a sensation 2. a confused, disoriented state of mind hemorrhage : bleeding :: vertigo : dizziness hemorrhage vertigo : nauseate :: nauseate ; tranquility vertigo verve [vә rv] n., : VIVACITY 1. energy and enthusiasm in the expression of ideas, especially in artistic performance or composition 2. vitality; liveliness verve listlessness, lassitude listless lacking energy or disinclined to exert effort; lethargic lassitude a state or feeling or weariness, diminished energy, or listlessness vessel [vésәl] n. aqueduct : water :: pipeline : gas :: vessel : blood vestige [v'estid3] n.,, ; : a visible trace, evidence, or sign of something that once existed but exists or appears no more vestige : remainder :: figurine : statue vestige fully developed vestigial [vestídʒiәl] a., vestige, a visible trace, evidence, or sign of something that once existed but exists or appears no more vestigial fully developed veteran [vétәrәn] n., 1. a person who is long experienced or practiced in an activity or a capacity 2. a person who has served in the armed forces 3. an old soldier who has been long service cadet : veteran :: tadpole : frog cadet <kәde t>, veto [ví tou] n. ;, : INTERDICTION : an authoritative prohibition or rejection of a proposed or intended act veto : prohibitive :: overture : introductory veto consent vex [veks] vt., 1. to annoy, as with petty importunities; bother 2. to cause perplexity in; puzzle 3. to bring distress or suffering to; plague or afflict 4. to debate or discuss (a question, for example) at length 5. to toss about or shake up draconian : inclemency :: fret : vexation inclement, ; 1. stormy 2. showing no clemency; unmerciful fret, to cause to be uneasy; vex vex pacify, appease, soothe, mollify, conciliate, assuage, placate, unable to incite, gratify vexation assuagement, conciliation, gratification, placation, pleasingness gratify, to please or satisfy; to give what is desired to viable [váiәbәl] a., ; / 1. capable of living, developing, or germinating under favorable conditions 2. capable of success or continuing effectiveness; practicable elastic : expand :: viable : live elastic, ;, viability inability to live vibrant [váibrәnt ] a., ; 1. a. pulsing or throbbing with energy or activity b. vigorous, lively, and vital 2. exhibiting or characterized by rapid, rhythmic movement back and forth or to and fro; vibrating 3. produced as a result of vibration; resonant or resounding flagging vibrant ponderous lively, vibrant, brisk vicarious [vaikɛ әriәs, vi-] a., : SUBSTITUTIONARY 1. felt or undergone as if one were taking part in the experience or feelings of another 2. endured or done by one person substituting for another 3. a. acting or serving in place of someone or something else; substituted b. committed or entrusted to another, as powers or authority; delegated vicarious first-handed vicious [víʃәs] a., : DEPRAVED benign, benignant vicious benignant, ; vicissitude [visísәtjù d] n., ; 1. a. a change or variation b. the quality of being changeable; mutability 2. often vicissitudes one of the sudden or unexpected changes or shifts often encountered in one's life, activities, or surroundings vicissitudinous unchanging, immutable victimize [víktәmàiz] vt. : SWINDLE 1. to subject to swindle or fraud 2. to make a victim of victimize treat fairly vigilant [vídʒәlәnt] a., : on the alert; watchful vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied :: demanding : satisfied :: wary : gulled wary, 1. on guard; watchful 2. characterized by caution waylay to lie in wait for and attack from ambush oblivious 1. lacking all memory; forgetful 2. lacking conscious awareness; unmindful

negligible, not significant or important enough to be worth considering; trifling supine ;, torporific, wary : gulled :: vigilant : ambushed :: vigilant : waylaid watchful : waylaid :: cunning : gulled vigilant gullible, oblivious, unalert, slack, negligible, supine, torporific vignette [vinjét] n. (, ) ; / 1. a decorative design placed at the beginning or end of a book or chapter of a book or along the border of a page 2. an unbordered picture, often a portrait, that shades off into the surrounding color at the edges 3. a. a short, usually descriptive literary sketch b. a short scene or incident, as from a movie vignette : scene :: skit : drama vignette : book :: scene : movie vigor [vígәr] n., 1. physical or mental strength, energy, or force 2. the capacity for natural growth and survival, as of plants or animals 3. strong feeling; enthusiasm or intensity 4. legal effectiveness or validity decrepit vigorous decrepit, ; vile [vail] a.,,, 1. loathsome; disgusting 2. unpleasant or objectionable 3. a. contemptibly low in worth or account; second-rate b. of mean or low condition 4. miserably poor and degrading; wretched 5. morally depraved; ignoble or wicked vile noble vilify [vílәfài] v. : DEFAME : to make vicious and defamatory statements about extol, honor vilify vilification approbation, beautification vim [vim] n. : ebullient vitality and energy lassitude vim, animation, verve verve ( ), ;, vindicate [víndәkèit] v. (, ) 1. to clear of accusation, blame, suspicion, or doubt wit supporting arguments or proof 2. to provide justification or support for 3. to justify or prove the worth of, especially in light of later developments 4. to defend, maintain, or insist on the recognition of (one's right, for example) 5. to exact revenge for; avenge vindicate calumniate, impugn, inculpate, confirm guilt calumniate / to make maliciously or knowingly false statements about impugn /, to attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument inculpate to incriminate incriminate, ;... ( implicate ; vindictive [vindíktiv] a. ; : VENGEFUL 1. disposed to seek revenge; revengeful 2. marked by or resulting from a desire to hurt; spiteful mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge violate [váiәlèit] v. : rape : BREAK, DISREGARD : to do harm to the person or especially the chastity of virile, ;, 1. of, relating to, or having the characteristics of an adult male 2. having or showing masculine spirit, strength, vigor, or power virility [virílәti] n.,, : the quality or state of being virile virtuoso [vә rtʃuóusou, -zou] n., savant a learned person; a scholar virtuoso : skill :: potentate : power :: genius : intelligence potentate,,, virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned mediocre <mì:dióukәr>, moderate to inferior in quality; ordinary impostor one who engages in deception under an assumed name or identity virtuosity mediocrity, beginner virtuous [vә rtʃuәs] a., : RIGHTEOUS 1. having or showing virtue, especially moral excellence 2. possessing or characterized by chastity; pure doldrums : energy :: depravity : virtue doldrums ;, ;, depravity, moral corruption or degradation; a depraved act or condition base virtuous nefarious above reproach, virtuous nefarious infamous by way of being extremely wicked virulent [vírjulәnt] a., 1. a. extremely infectious, malignant, or poisonous b. capable of causing disease by breaking down protective mechanisms of the host 2. bitterly hostile or antagonistic; hateful 3. intensely irritating, obnoxious, or harsh obnoxious 밉살스러운, 불쾌한; (비난, 위험 등을) 받기 쉬운 virulent salubrious salubrious conducive or favorable to health or wellbeing viscid [vísid] a. 1. thick and adhesive. used of a fluid 2. covered with a sticky or clammy coating clammy, viscid slick slick, ;, viscous [vískәs] a., : VISCID 1. having relatively high resistance to flow 2. viscid glutinous nonviscous glutinous ; of the nature of or resembling glue; sticky visionary [víʒәnèri / -nәri] a. : UTOPIAN ) visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging (A >> B) officious, obliging, ready to do favors for others; accommodating miscreant : criminal :: visionary : delusion (형 : 명) miscreant <mískriәnt>,

vista [vístә] n., ; ;, : PROSPECT 1. a. a distant view or prospect, especially one seen through an opening, as between rows or buildings or trees b. an avenue or other passage affording such a view 2. an awareness of a range of time, events, or subjects; a broad mental view placebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista vitality [vaitǽlәti] n., ; 1. the capacity to live, grow, or develop 2. physical or intellectual vigor; energy 3. the characteristic, principle, or force that distinguishes living things from nonliving things 4. power to survive attenuate : thickness :: enervate : vitality :: debase : value dehydrate : water :: wither : vitality arrest vitalize arrest ; ( ) ; / vitality enervation, soporific vitalize v., ; 1. to endow with life; animate 2. to make more lively or vigorous; invigorate vitiate [víʃièit] v., : IMPAIR 1. to reduce the value or impair the quality of 2. to corrupt morally; debase 3. to make ineffective; invalidate vitiate strengthen, fortify, invigorate vitrify [vítrәfài] vi. : to convert into glass or a glassy substance by heat and fusion tarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth vitriolic [vítriɑĺik / -ɔĺ -] a. : bitterly scathing; caustic vitriolic soothing, languid, phlegmatic, weary vituperative [vaitjú pәrèitiv] a., : using, containing, or marked by harshly abusive censure lionize : admire :: vituperate : despise lionize vituperative admirable, complimentary vituperate admire, praise, adulate vituperative adulatory, admirable, complimentary vivacious [vivéiʃәs, vai-] a., : SPRIGHTLY : full of animation and spirit; lively vivacious languid, phlegmatic, leaden phlegmatic, ; leaden <le dәn> ( ) ;, vivid weary vivid [vívid] a. : LIVELY 1. perceived as bright and distinct; brilliant 2. a. having intensely bright colors b. having a very high degree of saturation 3. full of the vigor and freshness of immediate experience 4. a. evoking lifelike images within the mind; heard, seen, or felt as if real b. active in forming lifelike images vivid : intensify :: intensify to make intense or more intense vivid weary vociferous [vousífәrәs] a. : making, given to, or marked by noisy and vehement outcry vociferous reticent, monotone, serene, still vogue [voug] n., : POPULARITY 1. the prevailing fashion, practice, or style 2. popular acceptance or favor; popularity volatile [vɑĺәtil / vɔĺәtàil] a. ;, 2. a. tending to vary often or widely, as in price b. inconstant; fickle c. lighthearted; flighty d. ephemeral; fleeting 3. tending to violence; explosive craven : heroic :: volatile : constant (OPPOSITE) volatile : temper :: ready : wit volatile : evaporate :: soluble : dissolve volatile constant, stable imperturbability volatility volition [voulíʃәn] n., : WILL 1. the act or an instance of making a conscious choice or decision 2. a conscious choice or decision 3. the power or faculty of choosing; the will volition inability to choose/select volitional unanimated voluble [vɑĺjәbәl / vɔĺ-] a. ; : GLIB, FLUENT 1. marked by a ready flow of speech; fluent 2. turning easily on an axis; rotating voluble : verbosity :: licentious : dissoluteness licentious, dissolute, lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual pleasures or vices audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility (OPPOSITE) maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse (OPPOSITE) abandon : inhibition :: volubility : terseness (OPPOSITE) volubility taciturnity, reticence voluble taciturn, succinct, reticent, laconic, dour dour, ; voluminous [vәlú mәnәs] a., 1. having great volume, fullness, size, or number 2. filling or capable of filling a large volume or many volumes 3. ample or lengthy in speech or writing 4. having many coils; winding voluminous scanty, scarce, sparse voluntary a. ;, (spontaneous) 1. arising from or acting on one's own free will 2. acting, serving, or done willingly and without constraint or expectation of reward 3. normally controlled by or subject to individual volition 4. capable of making choices; having the faculty of will 5. supported by contributions or charitable donations rather than by government appropriations voluntary coercion volunteer [vɑ lәntíәr / vɔ l-] a. ; volunteer obligatory voluptuous [vәlʌṕtʃuәs] a. ;, 1. giving, characterized by, or suggesting ample, unrestrained pleasure to the senses 2. devoted to or indulging in sensual pleasures b. directed toward or anticipating sensual pleasure 3. arising from or contributing to the satisfaction of sensuous or sensual desires

voluptuary ascetic Spartan Sybaritic, indulgent, voluptuous, luxurious voluptuous self contained, self denying vomit [vɑḿit / vɔḿ-] n. ;, 2. to be discharged forcefully and abundantly; spew or gush vomit : disgorge :: (EQUAL) gorge ( ) W waddle v. ; 1. to walk with short steps that tilt the body from side to side 2. to walk heavily and clumsily with a pronounced sway slither : snake :: waddle : duck slither <slíðәr>, ( ) voracious [vouréiʃәs] a. : INSATIABLE 1. consuming or eager to consume great amounts of food; ravenous 2. having or marked by an insatiable appetite for an activity or a pursuit; greedy impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfy voracity lack of appetite votary [vóutәri] n. ; 1. a. a person bound by vows to live a life of religious worship or service b. a devout adherent of a cult or religion; a committed worshiper 2. a person who is fervently devoted, as to a leader or an ideal; a faithful follower 3. a person who is filled wit enthusiasm, as for a pursuit or hobby; an enthusiast votary skeptic, reactionary vouch [vautʃ] vi., 1. to give personal assurances; give a guarantee 2. to constitute supporting evidence; give substantiation vouch refuse to guarantee vouchsafe [vautʃséif] v. : to grant or furnish often in a gracious or condescending manner vouchsafe <> prohibit vulgar [vʌĺgәr] a., : COARSE 1. of or associated with the great masses of people; common 2. spoken by or expressed in language spoken by the common people; vernacular 3. a. deficient in taste, delicacy, or refinement b. marked by a lack of good breeding; boorish c. offensively excessive in self-display or expenditure; ostentatious 4. crudely indecent genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear (OPPOSITE) genteel,, intrepid, resolutely courageous; fearless vulnerable [v' ln: r b: l] a.,, 1. a. susceptible to physical injury b. susceptible to attack c. open to censure or criticism; assailable 2. liable to succumb, as to persuasion or temptation vulnerable safe vulture altruist waffle [wɑ f-әl / wɔ f-әl] vi., : BLATHER : to speak or write evasively waffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter (OPPOSITE) enunciate, disinter, waffle speak unequivocally, insist harshly, express succinctly waft [wæft, - :-] v., 1. to cause to go gently and smoothly through the air or over water 2. to convey or send floating through the air or over water waft : plummet :: meander : dash wag [wæg] n. (, ) ; : WIT, JOKER : a humorous or droll person; a wit ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine :: humorous : wag wag : humorous :: dolt : stupid :: buffoon : ludicrous :: libertine : dissolute dolt, a person regarded as stupid wan [wɑn / wɔn] a., : SICKLY, PALLID,FEEBLE 1. unnaturally pale, as from physical or emotional distress 2. suggestive or indicative of weariness, illness, or unhappiness; melancholy wan hale, rubicund, intense, intensive hale, free from infirmity or illness; sound rubicund, inclined to a healthy rosiness; ruddy wander [wɑńdә r / wɔń-] 1. to move about without a definite destination or purpose 2. to go by an indirect route or at no set pace; amble 3. to proceed in an irregular course; meander 4. to go astray 5. to lose clarity or coherence of thought or expression wander move purposely wanderlust [wɑńdә rlʌ st / wɔń-] n. : a very strong or irresistible impulse to travel curiosity : know :: wanderlust : travel wane [wein] v., : DWINDLE, DIM 1. to decrease gradually in size, amount, intensity or degree; decline 2. to exhibit a decreasing illuminated area from full moon to new moon 3. to approach an end burgeoning waning resurgence waning vitally wane wax, increase, escalate, intensify vulture [vʌĺtʃәr] n., want [wɔ( )nt, wɑnt] n. repletion want repletion ;, wanton [wɔ ( )nt-әn, wɑń-] a., ;,, : MISCHIEVOUS 1. immoral or unchaste; lewd 2. a. gratuitously cruel; merciless b. marked by unprovoked, gratuitous maliciousness; capricious and unjust 3. unrestrainedly excessive

4. luxuriant; overabundant 5. frolicsome; playful 6. undisciplined; spoiled gratuitous ; ; wardrobe [wɔ rdròub] n. : CLOTHESPRESS larder : food :: wardrobe : clothes :: bookcase : books larder warmonger [wɔ rmʌ ŋgә r] n. : JINGO : one who urges or attempts to stir up war jingo, dove, pacifist warmonger, jingoist dove ; ; varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum wax decrease, decline, diminution, dwindle, waste away, flag, wane waylay [wèiléi] v. : to lie in wait for or attack from ambush vigilant : waylaid :: wary : duped watchful : waylaid :: cunning : gulled :: wary : duped gull a person who is easily tricked or cheated; a dupe weary a., ; 1. physically or mentally fatigued 2. expressive of or prompted by fatigue 3. having one's interest, forbearance, or indulgence worn out 4. causing fatigue; tiresome warp v. ; ; 1. to turn or twist (wood, for example) out of shape 2. to turn from a correct or proper course; deflect 3. to affect unfavorably, unfairly, or wrongly; bias 4. to arrange (strands of yarn or thread) so that they run lengthwise in weaving aligned warped warrant [wɔ ( )rәnt, wɑŕ-] vt. / ; / 1. to guarantee or attest to the quality, accuracy, or condition of 2. to guarantee or attest to the character or reliability of; vouch for 3. a. to guarantee (a product) b. to guarantee (a purchaser) indemnification against damage or loss 4. to guarantee the immunity or security of 5. to provide adequate grounds for; justify 6. to grant authorization or sanction to (someone); authorize or empower gratuitous warranted, merited gratuitous, ;, merited ; wary [wɛ -әri] a., 1. on guard; watchful 2. characterized by caution vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied :: wary : gulled wary : gulled :: vigilant : ambushed vigilant : waylaid :: wary : duped remiss scrupulous, wary remiss, ;, weather [wéðә r] v., 1 : to expose to the open air : subject to the action of the elements 2 : to bear up against and come safely through : to undergo or endure the action of the elements weighty a. 1. having considerable weight; heavy 2. burdensome; oppressive 3. of great consequence; momentous 4. having great power or influence 5. solemn; serious weld [weld] v. ;, 1. to join (metals) by applying heat, sometimes with pressure and sometimes with in intermediate or filler metal having a high melting point 2. to bring into close association or union weld : metal :: sew : fabric weld divide welter [wéltә r] n. ;, 1. a confused mass; a jumble 2. confusion; turmoil welter orderly arrangement wheedle [hwí dl] vt. 1. to persuade or attempt to persuade by flattery or guile; cajole 2. to obtain through the use of flattery or guile wheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion (EQUAL) coercion, wastrel [wéistr-әl] n., ;, :PROFLIGATE 1. one who wastes, especially one who wastes money; a profligate 2. an idler or a loafer inexperience : neophyte :: irresponsibility : wastrel waterproof [wɔ tә rprù f] a. waterproof permeable watershed [wɔ tә rʃèd] n. ( ); : TURNING POINT 1. a critical point that marks a division or a change of course; a turning point watershed routine ambiguity wax [wæks] v.,, 1. to increase gradually in size, number, strength, or intensity 2. to show a progressively larger illuminated area, as the moon does in passing from new to full 3. to grow or become as specified whet [hwet] vt. ; ( ), 1. to sharpen (a knife, for example); hone 2. to make more keen; stimulate whet dull, blunt whiff [hwif] n. 1. a slight, gentle gust of air; a waft 2. a. a brief, passing odor carried in the air b. a minute trace 3. an inhalation, as of air or smoke waft, blast : whiff :: gush : trickle (A >> B) whimsical [hwímzik-әl] a. ; 1. determined by, arising from, or marked by whim or caprice 2. erratic in behavior or degree of unpredictability caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive :: discontent : unsatisfied :: insight : discerning mercurial : mood :: whimsical : behavior whimsical : caprice :: insightful : penetration wholesome [hóulsәm] a., 1. conducive to sound health or well-being; salutary

2. promoting mental, moral, or social health 3. enjoying or marked by physical, mental, or moral soundness; healthy decadence, taint wholesomeness decadence, wholesome, unspoiled deleterious, insalubrious, morbid, morbid, tainted, sordid, tainted salubrious conducive or favorable to health or wellbeing morbid, ; noxious wholesome, sanitary, innocuous sanitary,, wick [wik] n. ( ) 1. a cord or strand of loosely woven, twisted, or braided fibers, as on a candle or an oil lamp, that draws up fuel to the flame by capillary action 2. a piece of material that conveys liquid by capillary action wicked [wíkid] a. : EVIL 1. evil by nature and in practice 2. playfully malicious or mischievous 3. severe and distressing 4. highly offensive; obnoxious nefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberality (EQUAL) nefarious, infamous by way of being extremely wicked wield v., ( ) ; 1. to handle (a weapon or tool, for example) with skill and ease 2. to exercise (authority or influence, for example) effectively willful [wílfәl] a. ; 1. said or done on purpose; deliberate 2. obstinately bent on having one's own way willfulness : headstrong :: subservience : fawning (EQUAL, 명 : 형) subservient,, ;, wilt [wilt] v. : To become limp or flaccid; droop: wilt <> flourish wily [wáili] a. : CRAFTY, CUNNING : full of wiles wince [wins] v. / : FLINCH : to shrink or start involuntarily, as in pain or distress wince : pain :: smile : pleasure :: pout : displeasure :: sneer : contempt pout, to exhibit displeasure or disappointment windbag [wíndbæ g] n., ; windbag taciturnity windy [windi] a. ;,, a. lacking substance; empty b. given to or characterized by prolonged talk; verbose windy : concise :: hackneyed : original (OPPOSITE) winnow [wínou] v. ; winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities (A = B를 없앰) winnow : grain :: purify : water :: refine : oil (A = B를 선별) winsome [wínsәm] a. : charming, often in a childlike or naive way unprepossessing entrancing, winsome prepossessing, serving to impress favorably; pleasing winsome repelling, repellent, unprepossessing unprepossessing failing to impress favorably; nondescript wit [wit] n. ; : INGENUITY 1. the natural ability to perceive and understand; intelligence 2. a. keenness and quickness of perception or discernment; ingenuity b. sound mental facilities; sanity 3. a. the ability to perceive and express in an ingeniously humorous manner the relationship between seemingly incongruous or disparate things volatile : temper :: ready : wit wit dullard dullard, a person regarded as mentally dull; a dolt witch [witʃ] n. : SORCERESS retainer : retinue :: witch : coven retainer, retinue ( ), coven an assembly of 13 witches withdraw [wiðdrɔ, wiɵ-] vi., 1. a. to take back or away; remove b. to remove (money) from an account c. to turn away (one's gaze, for example) d. to draw aside 2. a. to remove from consideration or participation b. to recall or retract roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw roister ; carouse, press withdrawal issue withdraw wither [wíðә r] vt., 1. to dry up or shrivel from or as if from loss of moisture 2. to lose freshness; droop shrivel,, dehydrate : water :: wither : vitality wither revive, burgeon withhold [wiðhóuld, wiɵ-] vt., 1. to keep in check; restrain 2. to refrain from giving, granting, or permitting withhold grant, proffer wizen [wíz-әn] v. : to dry up; wither or shrivel shrivel <ʃrívәl> ;, wizened thriving, blooming wizen thrive wobble [wɑ b-әl / wɔ b-әl] vi., 1. to move or rotate with an uneven or rocking motion or unsteadily from side to side 2. to tremble or quaver 3. to waver or vacillate in one's opinions or feelings wobble stabilize woo [wu ] v. ;, : COURT 1. to seek the affection of with intent to romance 2. a. to seek to achieve; try to gain b. to tempt or invite 3. to entreat, solicit, or importune adulate : fawn :: woo : adore ( ) adulate, to praise or admire excessively; fawn on adore, ; wordsmith [wә rdsmìɵ] n. 1. a fluent and prolific writer, especially one who writes professionally

2. an expert on words raconteur : storytelling :: wordsmith : writing raconteur <ræ kant ә:r> wordy a., ;, 1. relating to or consisting of words; verbal 2. tending to use, using, or expressed in more words than are necessary to convey meaning worldly [wә rldli] a., ;,, : MUNDANE 1. of, relating to, or devoted to the temporal world 2. sophisticated; cosmopolitan worldly singular, naive, spiritual yacht [jɑt / jɔt] n. Y yardstick [jɑ rdstìk] n. ; ( ), 1. a graduated measuring stick one yard in length 2. a test or standard used in measurement, comparison, or judgment yaw [jɔ ] v., 1. (nautical) to swerve off course momentarily or temporarily 2. to turn about the vertical axis 3. to move unsteadily worship [wә rʃip] n. yawn [jɔ n] v. 1. a. the reverent love and devotion accorded a deity, an idol, or a sacred object b. the ceremonies, prayers, or other religious forms by which this love is expressed 2. ardent devotion; adoration 1. to open the mouth wide with a deep inhalation, usually involuntarily from drowsiness, fatigue, or boredom 2. to open wide; gape yawn : sleepiness :: blush : embarrassment worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury yearn v., ;, wrangler [rǽŋg-әlә r] n. / ; : COWBOY 1. to have a strong, often melancholy desire 2. to feel deep pity, sympathy, or tenderness 1. one who wrangles or quarrels 2. a cowboy or cowgirl, especially one who tends saddle yield [ji ld] vi., ;,, horses saddle horse lariat : wrangler :: crook : shepherd lariat = lasso crook, ; (, ) 1. a. to give forth by or as if by a natural process, especially by cultivation b. to furnish as return for effort or investment; be productive of 2. a. to give over possession of, as in deference or defeat; surrender b. to give up (an advantage, for example) to another; concede beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield (OPPOSITE) tenacious, wretched a., ;, ; 1. in a deplorable state of distress or misfortune; miserable 2. characterized by or attended with misery or woe 3. of poor or mean character; dismal 4. contemptible; despicable elation wretchedness elation, writ [rit] n., : (law) a written order issued by a court, commanding the party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act wry [rai] a., ;, 1. dryly humorous, often with a touch of irony 2. temporarily twisted in an expression of distaste or displeasure 3. abnormally twisted or bent to one side; crooked 4. being at variance with what is right, proper, or suitable; perverse perverse ; fluent : glib :: humorous : wry (DEFECTIVE) meticulous : finicky (EQUAL) meticulous extremely careful and precise; extremely or excessively concerned with details finicky insisting capriciously on getting just what one wants; difficult to please wry even, straight, true, direct, undeviating tenacious : yield :: insouciant : worry (OPPOSITE) insouciant, marked by blithe unconcern; nonchalant evanescent : disappear :: pliant : yield (A = B하기 쉬운) default : pay :: yield : resist (OPPOSITE) default ( ),, obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble (OPPOSITE) acquiesce : yielding :: capitulate : categorical (타의 : 자의) capitulate ( ), meek unyielding meek, ;, dogged yielded dogged,, stubbornly persevering; tenacious outmaneuver yield outmaneuver yoke [jouk] vt. ;, ; 1. to fit or join with a yoke 2. a. to harness a draft animal to b. to harness (a draft animal) to a vehicle or an implement 3. to join securely as if with a yoke; bind 4. to force into heavy labor, bondage, or subjugation harness ;, ; sunder, asunder combine, yoke, bond sunder / to break or wrench apart; sever asunder ;, sever / yokel [jóuk-әl] n. : a rustic; a bumpkin bumpkin an awkward, unsophisticated person; a yokel yokel : sophistication :: coward : courage

Z zaniness [zéininis] n. / zany : 1. Ludicrously comical; clownish. 2. Comical because of incongruity or strangeness; bizarre. zaniness <> gravity zeal [zi l] n. : enthusiastic devotion to a cause, an ideal, or a goal and tireless diligence in its furtherance devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious (A << B) fastidious ; fervor : zealot :: improvidence : spendthrift fervor, great warmth and intensity of emotion providence ;, miser : munificent :: zealot : blase (A B) munificent, blase <bla:zéi>, ; zealous : dedication :: mesmeric : interest (형 : 명) mesmerism ; ( ) fanatic : admirer :: zealot : adherent (A >> B) fanatic zealous : enthusiastic :: idolatrous : devoted idolatrous ; torpor zeal torpor,, zealotry lack of fervor vapid zealous vapid, ; zealot indifference zealous [zéininis] a., (ardent, fervent) : filled with or motivated by zeal; fervent zealous apathetic, apathetical zenith n. ;,, 1. the point on the celestial sphere that is directly above the observer 2. the upper region of the sky 3. the highest point above the observer's horizon attained by a celestial body 4. the point of culmination; the peak zenith lowest point, nadir, lowliness, lack of fervor zest [zest] n. : RELISH, GUSTO 1. a. flavor or interest; piquancy b. the outermost part of the rind of an orange or a lemon, used as flavoring 2. spirited enjoyment; gusto gusto, ; ; zesty vapid, bland zig [zig], 1. to turn or change direction suddenly. Usually used in contrast to zag 2. to behave erratically or indecisively. Usually used with zag zig lineation zigzag [zígzæ g] n. zigzag : turns :: montage : images montage zigzag lineate zone [zoun] vi. zoning : lands :: allocation : funds