2002-4 2002
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
. 1. 5 1. 5 1) 5 2) 10 2. 14 1) 14 2) 16 3. 18 1) 21 2) 23 3) 25 4) 26. 29 1. 29 2. 31 1) 31 2) 33 3. 36 1) 36 2) 40 3) 42 4. 42 1) 42 2) (E-6) 47 3) 51 5. 52 - i -
. 55 1. 56 1) 56 2) 61 3) 64 2. 65 1) 65 2) 68 3) 75 3. 75 1) 75 2) 77 4. 78 1) 78 2) 81 3) 85. 87 1. 87 2. 90 3. 93 96 Abstract 100 : 105 - ii -
< 1> 6 < 2> 7 < 3> 8 < 4> 9 < 5> 11 < 6> 13 < 7> 15 < 8> 16 < 9> 19 < 10> 27 < 11> 34 < 12> 50 < 13> 52 < 14> 59 < 15> 60 < 16> / (class/year) 65 < 17> 83 < 18> 84 < 19> 200 1 2002 87 < 20> 87 - iii -
< 1> 6 < 2> 10 < 3> 15 < 4> 17 < 5> 18 < 6> 31 < 7> 57 - iv -
21,...,.,, (CIS). 1960 8. 40 1999.. 1980 7 2001 103, 2002 5 157.. 1985 2000. 60, 1985 188 2000 3,916.,. 2000 5,243.. E-6 - v -
1988 35.6%, 2000 82.3%. 2000 96.2%.. 1998 24 1999 55 2, 2000 46.,,. 30.2%, 12.5%. 1999 2001 2,827 12.5%.,.,.,... - vi -
.,,,. 1998.. 40 1999..,,,..,. ( 6 ),.,.. - vii -
,,.,.,... 17. 18..,. (E-1), (E-2), (E-3), (E-4), (E-5), (E-6), (E-7), (E-8),.., - viii -
,,. '. '. ( ).. O, P, H-1B, H-2B. O, P..... H-2B....,.. EU.. - ix -
,,.,, foreign entertainer's tax withholding tax 25%., ( ).., ( ) 19. 3. 6.,,. - x -
.. 2.,.,,. 2001 12 31,... 5 1 8 12... 19..,.,.,,..,,., - x i -
. H-2B.,..,.., H-2B.., 2 3.,.,.,.. (FPPA).,,.. ( ),. - x ii -
,., O.,.,.,,..,..,,..,.,.,. H-2B ( ).. - x iii -
. 21.,...,.. 4 144..,, (CIS).. 9.11. INS(Immigration and Naturalization Service: )..,. FBI CIA,. 245(i) 1),.. / 1
(INS) 2.,...,,..,.,,.,,., (CIS)... 1) 245(i) 200 1 4 30., (I-130 Petition). 2000 12 22 / 2
.....,. 2).,,, (CIS),,,.,,.,..... 2),,, 4.,,.. / 3
,.,.....,,...,,.,,.... 2.,. 1980.... / 4
. 1. 1), (visa). 1992 (9-14) 1993 (E-6). 3) 4). ( : C-3). 1985 2000. 60, 1985 188 2000 3,916. 1998 1999. 3) (E-6),,,,,,,. 4), :,, 2000., :,,, < > 200 1, 113( ), 76 100.. / 5
< 1> ( : ) 1985 188 140 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 25 18 1986 118 52 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 32 1987 137 102 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 17 16 1988 180 135 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 10 33 1989 181 134 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 5 26 1990 279 240 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 19 18 1991 326 273 3 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 17 25 1992 430 344 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 43 35 1993 418 340 3 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 19 40 1994 563 460 25 0 0 0 16 0 1 0 8 53 1995 598 50 1 15 0 0 3 19 8 1 0 11 40 1996 1,017 654 81 30 6 3 25 6 17 0 7 188 1997 1,444 862 159 14 5 26 84 20 47 1 3 223 1998 1,133 628 183 53 53 20 54 7 12 3 1 119 1999 2,265 1,122 632 133 34 52 75 16 24 26 1 150 2000 3,916 1,521 1,523 338 72 69 67 60 39 28 0 199 :,,. < 1> / 6
60,.,. 2000 5,243. 74.7%, 25.3%. < 2> ( :, %) 1992 689 62.4 37.6 543 63.4 36.6 7 0.0 100.0 139 61.9 38.1 1993 602 69.4 30.6 460 73.9 26.1 10 30.0 70.0 132 56.8 43.2 1994 698 80.7 19.3 568 81.0 19.0 28 89.3 10.7 102 76.5 23.5 1995 951 62.9 37.1 676 74.1 25.9 69 21.7 78.3 206 39.8 60.2 1996 1,402 72.5 27.5 848 77.1 22.9 169 47.9 52.1 385 73.2 26.8 1997 1,937 74.5 25.5 1,209 71.3 28.7 214 74.3 25.7 514 82.3 17.7 1998 1,586 71.4 28.6 874 71.9 28.1 306 59.8 40.2 406 79.3 20.7 1999 3,263 69.4 30.6 1,460 76.8 23.2 1,075 58.8 41.2 728 70.2 29.8 2000 5,243 74.7 25.3 2,039 74.6 25.4 2,070 73.6 26.4 1,134 76.9 23.1 :. :,,.. E-6 1988 35.6%, 2000 82.3%. 2000 96.2%.. / 7
< 3> ( : %) 1988 35.6 17.8 50.0 100.0 87.9 1989 29.8 19.4 50.0 80.0 61.5 1990 30.8 25.0 50.0 89.5 44.4 1991 32.8 27.1 66.7 37.5 76.5 60.0 1992 44.4 39.2 37.5 81.4 51.4 1993 37.3 36.5 0.0 25.0 73.7 35.0 1994 37.8 35.9 72.0 31.3 100.0 37.5 39.6 1995 39.3 38.5 33.3 0.0 26.3 75.0 100.0 72.7 42.5 1996 45.4 41.1 55.6 70.0 100.0 0.0 28.0 83.3 94.1 85.7 46.3 1997 54.8 54.6 74.8 78.6 100.0 57.7 29.8 90.0 83.0 100.0 66.7 38.6 1998 63.4 65.8 73.8 90.6 67.9 75.0 18.5 42.9 100.0 100.0 0.0 36.1 1999 75.9 72.1 94.1 95.5 85.3 63.5 21.3 56.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 33.3 2000 82.3 7 5.7 96.2 9 7.0 83.3 6 8.1 17.9 50.0 9 4.9 10 0.0 32.2 :,,.. 1998 24 1999 55 2, 2000 46 5).,,. 1999 421, 1,224 6). 5) 2000.10.24 6), :,,, < >, 200 1. 113( ) 76 100 / 8
30.2%, 12.5%. 1999 2001 2,827 12.5%.,., 1999 2000.,,. < 4> 7) ( : %) 1985 100.0 74.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.3 9.6 1986 100.0 44.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.8 27.1 1987 100.0 74.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.4 11.7 1988 100.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 18.3 1989 100.0 74.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 14.4 1990 100.0 86.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.8 6.5 1991 100.0 83.7 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.2 7.7 1992 100.0 80.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 8.1 1993 100.0 81.3 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 9.6 1994 100.0 81.7 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.4 9.4 1995 100.0 83.8 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 3.2 1.3 0.2 0.0 1.8 6.7 1996 100.0 64.3 8.0 2.9 0.6 0.3 2.5 0.6 1.7 0.0 0.7 18.5 1997 100.0 59.7 11.0 1.0 0.3 1.8 5.8 1.4 3.3 0.1 0.2 15.4 1998 100.0 55.4 16.2 4.7 4.7 1.8 4.8 0.6 1.1 0.3 0.1 10.5 1999 100.0 49.5 27.9 5.9 1.5 2.3 3.3 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.0 6.6 2000 100.0 38.8 38.9 8.6 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.0 0.7 0.0 5.1 7) : < 1>.. / 9
< 2> 2) 1960. 8, 1990. 1990,., 1997.. / 10
< 5> / 60 6 * * / 70 6 * 80 * 90 7 * * * 8 * * CID *5 +1 - - - 98 14 99 54 * ( :A39-007 2-0 1) ( ) 0 1 103 / ( ) *,, * *2 / - 02 - - * / / / 1999 5. * ( ) ( : A39-0072- 0 1, : 1999. 07. 0 1) *, *. / 11
. 1980 7 2001 103, 2002 5 157.... 3D,.. -,. 8),,... 9).. 10). 11) 8), :,, 2000. 9) < 6>. 10) sbs. 11),, / 12
... < 6> 1998.02.23 -...3-4 1998.09.24 2 1999.03.29 500 1999.08 SBS- TV 1999.08 KBS- TV 1999.08.22,, 3 1999.08.23 1999.08.23 1999.08.28 1...1 1999.09.28,, 1999.10.21 1999.11.12, 1999.11.12 1999.11.12 1999.11.24... 2000.08.22.. 2000.09.06 2000.10.18 2000.10.19...<, > 2000.11.19 - <... > < 2000 6000 > 2000.11.23 2000.11.26 KBS- 1TV< > 2000.11.28 83 2000.12.10 SBS- TV < > 50 2001.02.12 10 2001.03.06 4 2001.04.12...., 2001.05.03 MBC- TV <News Desk> (?) - 2001.05.13 10,, 2001.05.29 KBS- 1TV< 1234>,, 2002.3.29.. / 13
2001.10.28 YTN 2001.12.06,,... 2002.01.03 MBC- TV <News Desk>, 2002.03.26 2001.05.29 MBC- TV <PD > 2001.07.04 Newsweek 2001.09.09 KBS- TV 7 2001.10.28 2001.10.28 KBS- TV, 2. 1)..... * 20 * 1 * 5 4 (,,, ). / 14
< 3> 7 9 14 54 86 103 157 100,. < 7> ( ) (6) (12) (8) (27) (16) (5) (1) (7) (3) (2) (5) (1) (2) (4) (1) (1) (1) (14) (2) (5) (11) (3) (1) (5) (4) (1) (9) 75 10 8 7 1 36 11 9 157 (, 2 ) 6.. / 15
. (,, ) (1 ),. 2). 1967 20 1985 149. 1988 443. 1999 1,214. 1999 1,200 8,500 400, 800. 2000 1,533, 2001 1,595. < 8> '90 169 6 9 37 13 4 11 24 9 126 52 18 196 445 '91 178 8 12 21 18 2 15 25 4 156 56 13 225 479 '92 227 8 6 39 2 3 3 28 8 170 54 8 232 520 '93 250 13 7 52 13 8 11 35 4 172 34 14 220 574 '94 261 10 14 45 13 6 26 375 168 45 13 226 60 1 '95 327 11 3 64 24 8 22 45 9 196 33 16 245 70 4 '96 347 20 13 53 17 3 44 49 7 219 52 14 285 782 '97 306 15 10 35 33 3 24 426 270 104 21 395 82 1 '98 190 1 3 21 21 4 21 26 1 336 185 11 13 545 806 '99 283 2 3 49 17 4 39 39 7 277 506 17 17 8 17 1,2 14 '00 254 7 5 36 24 4 108 43 7 394 1,123 7 9 1,533 1,970 '01 287 12-44 19 4 68 43 4 281 1,308 4 2 1,595 2,0 29 4,22 1 16 1 163 782 284 78 732 6,420 3,650 3,980 256 46 7,932 14,352 / 16
< 4>.., ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ),,,,,. 2..,,,,,,.,. 3,450.. / 17
< 5> ( 15 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) PC.,. 3... 2002 4 5 ( ), / 18
.,, < 9> / #1 Elena / #2 / ( ) #3 / #4 Junifel / #5 Nelson / #6 / #7 / ( ) #8 / ( ) #9 M / #10 Emma / 23 E- 6 2002.4. 23 2001.4 E- 6. 2001.7.4 30 C- 3. 3. 2002.4 C- 3.. 33 E- 6 2002.4. 35 2002.4. E- 6 1991. 11. 24 C- 3.. 21 E- 6,, 2002.4.27,. 28 E- 6 6.,. 29 1998 11 E- 6,, 2000.9.7 20 E- 6, 2000. / 19
#11 April / #12 Kimberl / y #13 / #14 / #15 / #16 / #17 / / 19 E- 6, 2000. 30 E- 6, 2000. 26 1997.11 C- 3,., 24 1999.11 E- 6,. 22 1999.9 E- 6.,., 21 2000.6 E- 6 2001.4.12.,. 2001.4.12 #18 22 2001.2 E- 6 /. 2001.7.4 20 / #19 1998.8 8 / 21. 1999.10.21.. #20 24 2001.7.4 / 20
/. #21 Tracy 22, 1999 #22 24 E- 6. #23 20 #24 19 #25 Christy 20 #26 Cindy #27 Jill 20. #28 23 1), 19 25. 1999.,. 1999 2000.,,. 7 8 IMF 12)..,.,. 12), 2001.7.4.. / 21
,,.. 13),.,. 14),,,. 3 1. 15). (E-6). (C-3).,,,,. 13).,..,.,,,,,. 14), :, 2000. 15) #19 ( 1999.10.21). / 22
..,...,, 16).. 2)... 1990.,,,,, 1,. 1.. 1 1 30. 16) 2001.7.4.. / 23
. 1. 9,.,. 17), 4 5 12. 1 1....,,,.,..,.... 17) 2001.7.4 / 24
,,... 3),.,. 6 3 2.,.,,..,. 3.... / 25
4) (1)..... 18)... 60 70. 19) 1999 11 12 ( ).. 600. 11 13 20 30. 5000 18) 2000.9.7. 19) 1999. 11. 17. / 26
. 20).. 60 70. (2) 99 5. 1997 122, 1998 119 1999 220, 2000 8 366. < 10> 1997 1998 1999 2000 8 2,211 225 (10.2%) 2,103 183 (8.7 %) 4,486 289 (6.4 %) 4,569 456 (10 %) 983 1,228 103 (10.5%) 122 (10 %) 758 1,345 64 (8.4 %) 119 (8.9 %) 1,904 3,392 69 (3.6 %) 220 (6.5 %) 1,119 3,450 90 (8%) 366 ( 10.6%),., 20) 1999.11.17 24... / 27
,.. 2000 9 3 80 16 5. 21) 2000 10 1999 3 2000 4 336 (HIV). HIV. 10 26 263. 3 4. 1 2000 2 4. 1985 2000 6 117. 21) 2000.10.17. / 28
. 1..,,...,,,. 22),,,,,,. 1998. 2 1, 1998 4 1. 1991 22) 18, 23.. / 29
.,.. 1987,, 1991.. 23). 1960 8. 40 1999..,..,,.., 23),,, 1999. / 30
< 6>. / + ( + ) ( + ): + ( ( ) AIDS (1 ) ( ) : (1 ) (5 ) - ARB,, - 2. 1),.. / 31
6 ( ).. 1.,. 1. 1. < 2001.12.31> 4 6 1.,. 4 ( ) 6 1 5. < 2001.10.20>,, 3., 8, 3,.,,,,,,,,, / 32
,,,,.,.. 1. ( ) 2. 3. 4. 5. ( ) 6. 7. 8.,. 2) (1) 2000 8 31 2000 316 4,609, 938 4,128. 3,450,... / 33
,,,,,,,...,.. < 11> ( ) (2001. 12. 31, 6568 ) - ( 6 4 ) - ( 2 2 ),, ( ),, - : 8 - : 3 * / 34
2001 12 31,., 24). 7 2 6 1 1. 5 1 6 4 ( ),. (2).. 3,, 2,,, 2001 11. 24) 1 ( 6 4 ).. / 35
2001 10, 1, 2. 3. 1).,,.,.. 5,,. 25),,,. 5 68 ( ). 26) 69 25) 500. / 36
1 2, 1 6, 1 150. 27) (i) 18 10 6. (ii) 18 10 6., 1.(1) 18. 2) 1. 3) ). (iii) 2. 55 ( 52, 58 67 ) ( 10 6 ) 100 50.. 34. (i) 1 30., 1. (ii) 1. (iii) 1 26) 2 1,000. 27) 2 1,000.. / 37
.. (iv) ( ) 1., 1.,, 30,,,,, 30, 30. (, )..... (1).. / 38
,,,,.,,.. (2).. : 3 5 6 10 2. 2 6. : ( ),,. :. 45 15 3. 5 90. 10 :,,.,,,,,.,,, :. / 39
,,. : 28). : 22%..... 2),,. 29) 2 1.,,, ( (24321) ),,, ( 28). 29) 1 ( ). / 40
),,, (.), ( ),,,,,,, (4113),,,, ( ),, ( 3 ),, ( ),,, ( 2 2 5 6 ),,,.,..,..,,,,.,,.... 2 2. / 41
....,. 3),.,,,... 4. 1). 17 30). 30). / 42
18,.. 18 ( ). 1. 1. 1. 1..,.. 31) (A-1) :, (A-2) : (A-3) : (B-1) : (B-2) : (C-1) :. 90 (C-2) :,,,,, (C-3) :,,,,,, 31) 12 ( ) : 1999 2 26.. / 43
,,,, ( 90 ) (C-4) :,,,,,, ( 90 ) (D-1) : ( 1 ) (D-2) : ( 2 ) (D-3) : ( 1 ) (D-4) : (D-2) (D-3) (D-5) :,, (D-6) : (D-7) :, 1,, (D-8) ( 1 ) (D-8) :, ( 1 ) (D-9) :,,, ( 1 ) / 44
(E-1) : (E-2) :,, (E-3) : (E-1) (E-4) : (E-5) :,,,, (E-1) (E-6):,,,,,,, (E-7) : (E-8) : (F-1) :,,,, (A-1) (A-3), (F-2) (F-2) (F-2) :, (F-2) (F-2). / 45
(F-3) : (D-1) (F-7) 20 (D-3) (F-4) : ( 1 ) (G-1) : (A-1) (F-4) ( 1 ) (H-1) : (working holiday) ( 1 ).,,. (E-1), (E-2), (E-3), (E-4), (E-5), (E-6), (E-7), (E-8),. 32) 32) 1991 3D.,. 1986 1987.,.., ( ) / 46
,,,,,,.,.. 2) (E-6) (1),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 33),,,,,,, 34),,, (E-1), (E-3), 90 (C-4). (2). 1998 4 1 (, 2000). 33) :,. 34) :,,.. / 47
. (,, PDF) HIV ( ) (,, PDF) (,, )..,,..,. / 48
.. (3). 19 35) 15. - - - - (4),,.,. - 8.,,,, 1 35).. / 49
- (ARB) < 12> 5 3 3 3 6 6 3 3 6 6 1 5 6 5 6 5 9 5 9 5 1 5 3 5 6 5 6 5 9 5 9 5 1 5% 10% 3 10% 10% 6 15% 20% 9 20% 1 5% 1 2 3 3 6 5 6 5 10 9 10 1,,, 1,, 1 500 1 500 6 / 50
3) 2001 12 77.4%. 3.2%, 7.4%, 6.5%, 32.7%,.,. 1999 5. 1997 122, 1998 183 1999 289, 2000 496.,.. :, 1 100. :,.. / 51
. < 13> ( :, %) 1992 689 543 7 139 40 24 7 9 5.8 4.4 100.0 6.5 1993 602 460 10 132 110 96 6 8 18.3 20.9 60.0 6.1 1994 698 568 28 102 105 91 3 11 15.0 16.0 10.7 10.8 1995 951 676 69 206 87 68 4 15 9.1 10.1 5.8 7.3 1996 1,402 848 169 385 143 92 13 38 10.2 10.8 7.7 9.9 1997 1,937 1,209 214 514 225 157 6 62 11.6 13.0 2.8 12.1 1998 1,586 874 306 406 183 148 13 22 11.5 16.9 4.2 5.4 1999 3,263 1,460 1,075 728 289 210 56 23 8.9 14.4 5.2 3.2 2000 5,243 2,039 2,070 1,134 496 339 100 57 9.5 16.6 4.8 5.0 : = / ( + ) 100. :,,. 5..,. 95%, 1998 2. / 52
.. 36) 2000 9 126 4. 37) (internet jockey:ij). IJ, IJ.. IJ.., IJ. IJ. 36) (HIV), 1999 3 2000 4 336 HIV. (, 2000.10.18). 37) HIV, 72.. / 53
. / 54
.,.,,..,..,,,,,,,...,,,,.... 38),.. 38),, 2000.. / 55
1.... 1) 1951 1981 1989. 1989 12 1990 6 1..,. 18 1951, 10 27..., 1 23 5., 2 4. / 56
< 7> 1 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 : ( ), ( ). ( ), ( ). < 1> 1-1. ( ),,,,, 6. 1-2.,,,,,,,,, 10. 1-3.,. 1-4.,,,. 1-5. ( ).. / 57
< 2> 2.,,,,.,,,,,,...,.., 1 2...,,,, 6 1... ( ),.,.,.,,. / 58
< 14>,,, 6, ( 1, ) 3 (1-1),,, 6, ( 1 ) (1-2),, 6, 1 (,, (1-3) ),,,.,,.,,, (sports),.,.,, 39).,. 39). (, ZEN GEIREN : Association of All Japanese Prom oters Recruiting Foreign Entertainers).. / 59
< 15> 1.,,,,,, 2.,. 1. 2. 3.,, 1., 2. 1, 1 3. : 21, 3 2. / 60
., ( ),.,. 3 2 16..,.,...,,. 2) 40) 1978.,,.,,,,,,...,.. (, ). 40) (2000: 210 213).. / 61
, 20 30. 10... ( ). 41),.,,,,,...., 41).. ( ) ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ) 1 ( : 1912 1926),,,., ( ) ( ) ( ). 1941 20.,., 1980. (Japan) ( ) ( ). (, 2000). / 62
. 2 3 ( ) ( )... 5. 10.,.. ( )...,,... / 63
3).,,,... ( )... ( : 500 ) /.....,. / 64
2. 1). ', '., INS(Immigration Naturalization Service: ). 42) < 16> / (class/year) c las s of admis s io n 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 199 1 1990 all classes 24,842,503 22,640,524 22,118,706 21,566,404 20,910,880 18,920,045 17,574,055 Foreign government officials and families 118,157 103,606 105,299 102,121 102,638 97,833 96,689 Temporary visitors 22,880,330 20,886,867 20,318,933 19,879,443 19,229,066 17,234,400 16,079,666 Transit aliens 325,538 320,333 330,936 331,208 345,930 364,456 306,156 Treaty traders and investors, families 138,568 131,777 141,030 144,644 152,385 155,049 147,536 Students 426,903 364,220 394,001 370,620 386,686 343,238 326,264 Spouses and children of students Representatives(and families)to international organization Temporary workers and trainees Spouses and children of temporary workers and trainees 32,485 31,260 33,720 32,652 32,601 31,182 28,943 79,528 71,982 74,722 72,755 69,947 64,451 61,449 227,380 196,760 185,988 162,976 163,262 188,675 139,587 53,572 46,382 43,207 39,704 40,009 56,749 28,687 The others 560,042 487,337 490,870 430,281 358,356 384,012 359,068 42), INS.. / 65
( ). F-1 B-2. ( ).. 1990 35 1996 56. 90 13 96 22. ( ). A-1 VISA :. (Social Security No.). B-1 VISA :.. B-2 VISA : 6. 3. C-1 VISA :.,. D-1 VISA :,. 29. / 66
E-2 VISA : E-1 E-2.. F-1 VISA : Full-Time. 12. G VISA :.. H-1A VISA : (Registered Nurse). H-1B VISA :.. 6. H-2A VISA :.. H-3 VISA :.. H-4 VISA : H. I VISA :.. J VISA : The United States Information Agency. J 2. K VISA :. K 90.. / 67
L-1 VISA :. M VISA :. 21. O VISA :,,,,.. O. P VISA : Q VISA... :. 15. R-1 VISA : 2 21. 2) (1) O (O ) 1990. 1990 (H ). 1990 H, O P. 1991 TV. O (Business), / 68
. O O,,,,, TV. (Extraordinary Ability)' (Extraordinary Achievement)'.,. ),,. ). ). ),. ),, )....... / 69
. (, ).,. P. O O ( ) (Question Oneself). TV. O-1.,,.. ( )..... (2) P P, P-1. / 70
,,,. P-1. ). ).. ) 1... 25 % 1. ). P-1,,. P-1. ) 1 ) ).,,,,. / 71
P O. (3) H-1B, 2B H-1B., 6. H-1B.. H-1B... i), ) (,, ) ),,, ),,,. / 72
H-2B H-2B O P. H-2B,.,,. H-2B., H-2B. H-2B., O-2 H-2B. H-2B O-2. B-1. I. H-2B. H-2B H-2B.. ) Form ETA 750 A,,.. (3 ).... / 73
.. H-2B O P..,,.. ) H-2B. H-2B Form I-129 H (H Classification Supplement).. H-B.... H-2B.,,. H-2B. ) H-2B H-2B... / 74
3) O, P, H-1B, H-2B. O, P..... H-2B... 3. 1). 43),.. EU. 43). EU........ / 75
.,,..... 12 6..., 19. 20 single letter of permission. 4..... 5 4.,,. 2),. foreign entertainer's tax withholding tax. / 76
(box office percentage) (broadcasting/media fees, film fees) (touring income) (prize money) (merchandise income) (endorsement fees) 25%. 30. 1,000,. FEU 4. (inland fevenue). / 4 5 25%., personal allowances 44). 44) personal allowances:.. / 77
. 4. 1) (1),. 45),. 46)., (APT), (DDTE). (Préfecture) (DDTE) (OMI: Office des Migrations Internationales). (2) 45) 341 4. 46) 341 6 11. / 78
,, (APT). 47) 48), 49) 50) 51). 52) 53),, 54) (, ),,,,,.,.,. 47) (ANPE). 48). 49) 364 2. 50). 51). 52).. 53). 54) 1.. / 79
(3) (APT), 1, 55). -. 9. - :,,.,, (4).,,,,. 55) 347 7. / 80
. ( ). :.,.. :, 8.,.. :.. :. 3. :,. 2),,, (emplois permanents).. (1) (A.P.T. Autorisation Provisoire de Travail) 9. / 81
3,. i) 3 3, (OMI). ii) 3 3. (2) (Mannequin)...,., (DDTEFP)., (DDTEFP), (l' OMI). 6 2. (1995 970 ). / 82
3. 3. < 17> 3 3....,. 3. < 18> (3. ).. 3.. / 83
(3) (emplois permanents): (Artistes Interprètes) L212-1,.,,., 1.,,, (Profession artistique et culturelle).. 3. 3, (DDTEFP) (DRAC, Diretion Re'hionale des Affaires Culturelles). 3).,, (,,,,,,,,,,,,,, )., / 84
,,,,, (, ),,.,,,., ( ).., ( ) 19. 3.... / 85
. 1. 6.,,.. < 19> 2001 2002 / 2001/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2002/ 1 2 3 4 95 219 237 261 280 283 317 344 347 314 336 271 307 335 478 568 < 20> 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 188 118 137 180 181 279 326 430 418 563 598 1,017 1,444 1,133 2,265 3,916.,,. / 87
.,. 56).. 1999 Zero-Base, 3..,.. 8, 1,..,.. 2.,.,, 56), -,. / 88
. 2001 12 31,., 57). 58) ( ),.. 59). 3,, 2,,, 2001 11... 5 : 8.,. 57) 1 ( 6 4 ). 58) 6 1 1. 5 1 6 4 ( 7 2 ). 59) 8, 3.. / 89
5 1. 5 5 13. 12 24 7 4 2 3,.. 8 12.. 60).. 19. 2...,.. 60) ; (FPPA). / 90
4 18 ( ). 1. 1. 1. 1. ( ) ( ) ( ), (E-6) (D-1) (C-4)...,. (E-6) :,,,,,,, (D-1) : (C-4) :,,,,,, ( 90 ).,..,.,.,,.. / 91
.,,.,., O ( ) H2B ( ), O (prominence), (extraordinary achievement), (extraordinary ability). H-2B. O, H-2B. 61) H-2B,.,,. H-2B.,.,.,.., H-2B.., 2 3.,.,. 61) P, H-1B,. / 92
,.. (FPPA).,,.. ( ),. 3.,., O.,.,.,,,.,,..,,.,. / 93
.,..,.,..... 62),,..,.,.,. H-2B ( 62) H-2B, O. / 94
)... / 95
,.,,, 2002.3.29. 206.,,, 2002.3.29., :,.,.,,, 1999.,,, 2000.,, 2.,,, 2001., :,, 2001,,,,., :,?, 52, 2002., :,?, 18( ), 2002.,,, 2002.3.29., : / 97
,, 2001.,, 1,, 2001.3.28., :,,. 113( ), 2001., :, 1,, 2001.3.28.,, 1999. U.S. Department of State. 2001. Trafficking in Persons Report 2001. (Available from http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/4107.pdf. Internet; accessed February 7, 2002)., 2002. Trafficking in Persons Report 2002. (Available from http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/ 10815.pdf. Internet; accessed June 6, 2002). Seol, Dong-Hoon. 2001. The Labor Policy for Foreign Workers and Their Rights to Work in Germany, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, and Korea. Paper presented at the International NGO Forum for the Rights of Migrant Workers on the theme of International Networking and Solidarity for the Labor Security of Migrant Workers amidst Globalization, held by the Christian Institute for the Study of Justice and Development. Korean Church Centennial Memorial Building, Seoul, Korea, 12-14 December 200 1. Seol, Dong-Hoon, and John D. Skrentny. 2002. South Korea: Importing Undocumented Workers. Paper presented at the International Conferences on the title of Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective, held by the Center for Comparative Immigration Studies at the University of California, San Diego. Deutz Seminar Room, Copley International Conference Center, Institute of the Americas Complex, UC-San Diego, 17-18 May 2002. / 98
http://www.ufj.gol.com/newsletter/immigration_p2.htm http://www.orr-reno.com/articles/ 199804.htm http://www.inlandrevenue.gov.uk/feu http://www.britishcouncil.org/visitingarts/rttax.html http://www.thestage.co.uk/connect/eagle/0904.shtml http://www.bussvc.wisc.edu/acct/taxent.html http://www.britishcouncil.org/visitingarts/rttax.html http://usembassy.state.gov/seoul/wwwg145.html http://www.eminvesa.com/ 1-9.php http://www.visas-usa.com/library/o_visa.htm http://migrant114.org/zb41 http://www.nystory.com/emin http://www.iminvisa.com/general/iminprep.asp http://sos-net.eu.org/etranger/indexetr.htm http://www.culture-spectacle-anpe.fr http://www.aude.pref.gouv.fr/service/ddtefp http://www.omi.social.fr http://emploi-solidarite.gour.fr, [ 2001. 11. 16 57 ], [, 2001.12.31 6568, 2002.7.1], [ 2001.10.20 17395 ], [ 1997.4.10 5322 ], [ 1998.2.20 5512 ], [ 1998.7.20 133 ] / 99
, [ 1998.7.1 15828 ], [ 2001.12.29 6540 ], [ 1999.12.2 489 ], [ 2001.7.16 17305 ], [ 2001.8.14 6507 ], [ 2001.10.31 176 ], [ 2001.10.31 17402 ],,, 2000.9.7., 24,, 1999.11.17,,, 1999.11.13,,, 1999.10.21,, 1999.8.25 1,,, 1999.8.23,,, 1999.8.23,,, 1999.3.30 100,,, 2000.10.24 ;,,, 2000.2.10,,, 2001.10.29 2 8,, 1999.5.15,,,, 2000.10.19, 10,,, 190,,,, report 486,, 2001.7.4 (INS)- 2, report, 2002.4.26 / 100
Abstract D raft M easures to Im prov e System for Foreign E ntertainers ' W orkin g in K orea Chang, M i-jin/kim, Kyu-won/Seoul, Dong-Hoon Current Status and Standing Issues Importing foreign entertainers started around clubs in KATUSA back in the 1960's when it was hard to satisfy the demand only by Korean performers. Performance of foreign entertainers was under approval system for almost 40 years. In 1999 when the system was changed to recommendation system as part of deregulation, influx of foreign entertainers started to explode. As anyone with dispatch business license can apply for holding performance of foreign entertainers, number of related companies skyrocketed. There were only 7 management companies related to foreigners' performance in 1980 but the number increased to 103 in 2001 and 157 as of May 2002. It is analyzed that the boom led to some side effects including reckless performances taking place. We can see that the number of foreign entertainers in Korea exploded from 1985 to 2000. According to the statistics, the number of foreign entertainers who stay in Korea for more than 60 days increased from 188 in 1985 to 3,916 in 2000. The number goes up further if we add the number of foreign performers who stay in Korea for a short time. As of 2000's end, there are 5,243 foreign performers in Korea. One noticeable fact is that the majority of foreigners who come to Korea with visa of arts performance are female. In 1988, of the foreign entertainers who Abstract / 101
entered Korea with E-6 visa, only 35.6% were female but it rose to 82.3% in 2000. In particular, in the case of Russian performers whose number is rapidly increasing thesedays, 96.2% of them were females in 2000. This is not irrelevant to the recent issue of the increasing number of foreign women who are flowing in to Korean red-light districts or sex industry. Government Policy Related to Foreign Entertainers In the current system of managing foreign entertainers, works related to them are dispersed into various government agencies; performance application is handled by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, approval of performance planning companies is at the responsibility of the Ministry of Labor, works related to immigration control are dealt with by the Ministry of Justice and health-related risk factors involved in the influx of foreign entertainers are controlled by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. If we look at the process of foreign entertainers' entering the nation, performance and post management, they have double status. That is because once they enter the country with E-6 visa issued by Immigration Office of the Ministry of Justice based on the approval on the performance in Korea from Korea Media Rating Board under the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, they have to abide by the Labor Standards Act as they are classified as laborer according to Act on Worker's Dispatch Business of the Ministry of Labor. Comparative Analysis with Cases in Other Countries Japan Foreigners who wish to work in Japan must obtain the permission for long-term stays which requires contract with a Japanese public or private agencies. But in the case of entertainment activities, 'employment agreement' is not obligatory. In most cases, management agencies including National Foreign Entertainers Business / 102
Association invite foreign entertainers. Foreigners who entered Japan with the permission for long-term stays for entertainment are recognized as worker or self-employed according to whether the job is more like a worker's or not. USA Among various types of visas, those related to arts are O, P, H-1B and H-2B and to receive O or P visa, the performer's excellent ability should be proved in the objective way. Visas for entertainers who we cover here would be H-2B. To acquire this visa, entertainers must apply for the need for the visa to the Ministry of Labor which monitors the recruiting process, or run advertisement on publications in the US or ask for advice from labor union. To sum up, visa is issued only when application for labor is approved by the Ministry of Labor and guarantor's guarantee is secured. Great Britain The permission to employ foreign entertainers is commissioned to the education and labor sectors. Application form for employment permission can be generated by employer, or entertainer and his/her agency or agent. Agency should be established within the entertainment business and agent must have proven experience. In general, employment permission is issued to proven entertainers and their employment should not replace workers within EU. Policy Proposal for Establishment of New M anagement System Criteria for Performance Recommendation Under the current circumstances, primary method is to strengthen recommendation criteria to reduce the supply. Two types of policies are used to this end; first is apply more strict discipline to the recommendation criteria and the other is operate 'designated recommendation system'. More specifically, the Ministry of Culture and Abstract / 103
Tourism now needs to apply more strict rule to the deliberation of performance recommendation as Korea Media Rating Board's recommendation of foreign entertainers' performing show in 'tourists entertainment' is recklessly issued. On the contrary, loosened criteria needs to be applied in some cases. The size of performance group which is presently limited to 8 people should become more realistic. This has full potential of improvement. The quality of program would be better if the size of performing group can be more flexible according to the performance. Realistic measure is to accomodate the request from the industry by benchmarking France's case where they limit the size of performing group to 19 people. Principle of Supplement It is necessary to operate the system where the Ministry of Culture and Tourism or public organization designated by the ministry should select companies to recommend foreign artists' performance. In other words, it is necessary to prove that it is foreign performing artists that need the Korean market. One of the measures for this is to include recommendation agreement issued by Foreign Performance Production Association. This is the measure which is used in the US, UK and Japan as we mentioned earlier and where the Association is commissioned with the role of managing and checking the agencies. In this way overissuance of recommendations can be prevented while the government can without much difficulty commission the role of managing and checking of management agencies to the private sector. In this process, it is expected to be able to screen out disqualified agencies. But this measure is expected to lead to the situation where giving permission to performance of foreign entertainers is used to make money, however, it may be resolved by lowering the entry barrier for new comers. Classification of Status of Stay According to Worker' s Dispatch Act, those who run business of dispatching / 104
foreign entertainers to entertainment spots are also categorized as company dispatching workers, which results in that most of foreign performing artists are deemed as 'workers'. So it leads to the irony that almost all foreign entertainers are recognized as employees of performance planning agencies which are their 'dispatchers'. If the performance activities of entertainers are interpreted as ' working' by applying Labor Standards Act, the issues of overtime payment and severance pay rise. To resolve this problem, we need to first separate permission to stay in Korea for arts performance into 'high-end arts performance' and 'entertainment'. In this way, we will be able to actively invite high-end professional performing artists as they are given some advantage in coming in and going out of the country while applying much more efficient control on entry into and departure of the nation of general entertainers without professional ability. Abstract / 105
:
1. (,, ) 23 Elena..... 7... 7 10,. 3........... 100......... 1,200. / 108
......... 5...... 400. 400 150... 6 7. 4... 2 3......... / 109
.... 7. 2...,...... : Elena : : 23 : : Novosibirsk( ) : : ( ) Q :? A :.. 7 10,. 7.. Q :? A :.. Q :? A :... / 110
Q :? A :.. Q :? A :.. 100.. Q :? A :.... Q :? A :.... Q :? A :. 1 2. 6...... Q : A : 2000 11. Q :? A : E-6 Q :? A : 2002 7. / 111
Q :? A :.... Q :? A : 1,200.. Q :? A :.... Q :? A :... Q :? A :. Q :? A :.,. Q :? A : 80. Q :? A :. Q :? A :. Q :? A : 7 30 2. Q :? A :. / 112
. Q :? A :.. Q :? A :.... Q :? A :. Q :? A :. Q :? A :... Q :? A : 3 4... Q :? A :.. Q :? A :. 7. Q :? A : 400. 100 150. Q :? A : ( ),. / 113
.( ) Q :? A : 400... Q :? A :......... Q :? A :... Q :? A :. Q :? A : 6. Q :? A :.. Q :? A :... Q :? A :.. Q :? / 114
A :... Q :? A :.... Q :? A :. Q :? A :. 100 150.. Q :? A :... Q :? A :.... / 115
2. (,, ) 63)..,. (23 ). ( ). (.. 3. 3. 24.... 5.. 3 4 (E6). 6... 5. 5.. 63).. 2001. :. 2001.7.4 / 116
. 5 2. 3. 2.. 2., 2... 30.. 3 4 2 50. 50.. 30 10. 30. 4. 4. 1 2 50.., K(49) 4 5, 10... 2. 2!. 2 2...,... / 117
2. 2. 2. 20 25. 1:1. 2 2........ 6 6..... 6 3.. D ( ). 11 20 11..,.. 12..... / 118
3. (,, ),.. 1997..... 100 200 800. 600. (C3).,.. 10. 1999 4. 2000 2 3. 600 1,000.. 6. 90 % (C3),. 5, 3.,. 20 30 / 119
., (Korean-Russian)... 4 4 12 90, 30 40.,. 1,. 20, 12, 4 4..,.. 2000 2,. 24. 6 5 30,..,... / 120
4. (,, ) 5. Junifel L. Quilliope 33. 3.. 7........ 1997 5..,,..,.,,...,,............ / 121
.,.. ( ) 1987 ( ).... 1989 1993 5.. 5... 3, 4 3 4. 2.......... 100.......... / 122
....??.... 6 E-6....!....,.... 6,...... 8... 300 DJ. 7 3 40.. / 123
3 5. 7 8.. 2 3,............,.... 6. E-6 2... 6 1.. 1 - -......... / 124
,....... 7. 2,. 2...... 2.........,. 90,..., DJ....,,,,.. 4. 200 1.. / 125
......,.. 4........... Bony Tyler. 'Total eclipes of the heart'.. : 2002 4 11 : Junifel L. Quilliope : : 33 ( ) : : : : : ( ) Q : A :.. Q :? A :.. / 126
Q :? A :.. 6...,,............ Q :? A :. Q :? A :. 3, 4 3 4.... Q :? A :.. ( ). 1987 ( ). 1989 1993 5. Q :? / 127
A : 5....,. Q :? A :,,,... Q :? A :..... Q :? A : 1997 4. 2. 2 2. Q :? A : E-6. Q :? A : 3. 6 2. Q :? A : 100.. Q :? A :.. Q :? A :. / 128
. Q :? A :. Q :? A :. Q :? A :.. Q :? A :.. Q :? A :... Q :? A :.. Q :? A : 8 3. 40. Q :? A : 3 5. 7 8.. 2 3... Q :? A :. Q :? A :. / 129
Q : 2 2? A :...,,..( ).....( ) Q :? A :. 6. 2. Q :? A : 90. Q :? A :. Q :? A : 10.... Q :? A :. Q :? A :.... Q :? A : DJ. Q :? / 130
A :....... Q :? A :. Q :? A :. Q :? A :..... Q :? A :,. 12.. Q :? A :.......... 4.. Q :? A :. / 131
Q :? A :.... Q :? A :.. 2 3. Q :? A :. 6. Q :? A :... Q :? A :,,,,.. Q :? A :...,...(.) Q:? A :. Q:? A :. Q :? A :.. / 132
....( ) Q :? A :. Q :? A :..... Q :? A :.... Q :? A :.. Q :? A :.. ( ) / 133
5. (,, ) (Nelson Nasayao,. 35 ) 199 1...,.,.... 10. (67) (64)..,.....,,..,.,. ( 100.),., / 134
....,. 4........ 199 1 40 23. 2... 3. 2, 3 50. 5... ( ). 1996,, / 135
.... 300 5 stage(1stage=40 ). 8 3 7.. 90 10.. 6 1...... 8.,, / 136
..,,,..... 5 3. 11. (2 ) 2,,,....,....... / 137
... Nelson Nasayao (. 35 ) Q : A : 199 1 11.. Q : A :... Q : A : 10. (67 ) (64). 4. Q : A :.. Q : A :.... / 138
. Q : A : 150.. 9 1. ( ). 100. Q : A :... 40.... Q : A : 23. 2 50. 5.. Q : A :. 300. 5 (1 =40 ) 8 3. / 139
Q : A :. 8.. 90 10.. Q : A :.. 96.. Q : A :.,. (2 ) 2. 3..... Q : A : (96 ).... / 140
Q : A :...,,,. Q : A :.... Q : A :.. Q : A :... 11... Q : A :... Q : A :.... / 141
2002-4 2002 6 3 827 : 669-9800 FAX : 669-9880 : www.kcpi.or.kr 2002