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3. 1977 < < > > 11. 1982., 2. 1983,. 1986. 1987 -. 1992 < < > >.. 70 20., - 22 -

...,..,.,,............ - 23 -

..,,,... 1..,.,....... feast festival, canival. fasting. - 24 -

feast. fasting feast ( ), feast ( : purification. festival feast. carnival caro( ) levara( )carne vale. (), ()......... (M. Eliade).., - 25 -

.. (eternal present )....,.,...,.... 8,000-6,000.,. - 26 -

,...., N r z( ).. 5,000 Sirius. 365, 12, 30. 5.,.. sd... - 27 -

. Nisan Akitu. Enuma elish. Marduk T iamat (cosmos) (chaos ). 10-12. 5. (mashmashu),.,. 3,.... 3. Marduk, - 28 -

( ). 10., Saturn Saturnalia(). ( )..,.... (Jester King),..,,..,. - 29 -

. (M. Bakhtin)....,...... ( :inversion ).,,., - 30 -

. (jester king).. (Feast of Fools). (: 12, 1 6 ),.,.. 7 T oledo. 1552 Dijon.. 1444 Paris., ( ).. - 3 1 -

,,.. 19. 20... < <> >. () ( ) [ ]. ( ) ( ) ( ). 10. ( )5 10.,... ( ) ( ), ( )., - 32 -

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. 70.. ( )..., ( ). ( ). () ( )() ()...... ( ) - 34 -

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. 2......,..,, ().,.. 20, - 36 -

,,. (11 ),, (St. Patrick 's Day, 3 17 ),, (5 ).. Magna Mater ( )... Hol.. 12 17-24,.. 19,.,,,. - 37 -

...,,..,,......,...... - 38 -

....,.. 3. 1982....... - 39 -

.........,..,....,.. - 40 -

...,...,..,,...,. ( ). - 4 1 -

.,,,,.,............ (cultural identity).,. - 42 -

..,....... 4..... 19-43 -

..,,.........,,.,.,,,. - 44 -

..,. 80..,.,....,,... - 45 -

.,...........,. - 46 -

. 1. 1) < 1> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ( )? 11 ( ) 11 1 10 10 4 2 22 1 20 10 8 10 9 10 7 5-47 -

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 ( ) 7 9 2 10 8 9 6 9 7 10 11 9 7 10 8 9 5 10 ( 7 10 ) ( ) 16 5 () 11 10 ()? 6-48 -

23 24 ( ) 32 10 25 26 27 28 29 () 30 31 ( ) 32 33 34 35 ( ) 10 10 (, 12 10 ) 28 10 ( ) 21 2 9 10 16 10 11 10 27 4 16 10 17 10 11 10 11 10-49 -

( ) 36 11 10 37 11 9 38 11 10 39 () 15 7 40 2 10 41 () 17 10 42 3 10 43 11 10 44 23 10 45 9 10 46 5 9 47 ( 16 10 ;86) - 50 -

48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 ( ) 18 10 15 10 9 10 12 10 2 10 3 10 () 11 5 2 10 ( 9 4 ) 32 4 20 4 6 10-5 1 -

60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 ( ) 8 10 [] 17 9 39 10 13 9 5 10 5 9 4 10 5 10 7 9 2 10? 10 () ( ) ( ) ( ) - 52 -

( ) 71 9 11 11 72 35 6 73 () 2 10 74 4 10 75 63 5 76 ()? 10 77 () 20 10 78 17 5 79 34 4 80 21 10 81 27 5 82 11 10 83 4 10-53 -

84 ( ) () 30 4 85 13 3 86 20 5 87 20 5 88 23 5 89 21 9 90 16 10 91 22 5 92 () 16 4 93 17 10 94 23 6 95 7 10 96 8 10-54 -

( ) 97 13 10 98 3 10 99 10 10 100 12 10 101 8 5 102 11 10 103 ( 19 4 ) 104 ( 16 10 ) 105? 6 106 9 10 107 9 10 108 23 10 109 17 10-55 -

( ) 110 5 10 111 14 10 112 17 10 113 31 4 114 17 4 115 30 5 116 27 6 117 32 10 118 3.1 ( ) 119 ( ) 21 4 120 36 5 121 18 10-56 -

( ) 122 3 10 123 8 10 / 124 5 10 125 ( 31 10 ) 126 16 10 127 () 11 10 128 () 8 10 129 13 10 130 6 9 131 10 9 132 31 9 133 24 10 134 32-57 -

2 ) 1987 < < > > ( 8)361... 134., 134. 134.. (1) 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 14, 23, 13, 15, 9, 12, 20, 21, 1. 20.. (15) (14)(13)(12)(9), 1. - 58 -

. (2). 97.. 17-18, 12.. 1960.... (3) 50, 19, 9, 4. - 59 -

.., 19, 21.1%... (4).. 36-40 (1954-58) 2, 31-35 (1959-63) 10, 26-30 (1964-68) 6, 21-25 (1969-73) 11, 16-20 (1974-78) 24, 11-15 (1979-83) 25, 6-10 (1984-88) 29, 1-5 (1989-93) 21. 19541973 20 29. 1974-1993 20 99, 77%. 70.., 25, 19.5, 18.7. 13.2, 12.6, 12.2, 10.4, 8-60 -

. (5) 9-10 95 70.8%, 5-6 18 13.4%, 3-4 13 9.7%, 1-2 5 3.7%, 11-12 2 7-8 1. 9-10, 10. 36 31 (23.1%).. ( ).,... (6).,.,. - 6 1 -

. 124 93%.. (7).,.,. 43 32%... 15%.....,. - 62 -

2. 134..... : 93. 11. 25 28. : 94. 2. 19 21. : 94. 4. 15 17. : 94. 4. 19 21. :, 100. 1).., - 63 -

...,,,,.. 2)..,.... - 64 -

(1). ( ). 1994 2. 1 ( ), 45, 1,.. 3 1 4 27 2..,,.,...,,., - 65 -

...,,. 19941,580 680, 450, 450. (2)... 15., 5. 6-70. 2. 1993. 10. 1 30. 10. - 66 -

5-6. (3).... 1993. 10. ( 25 ) ( 26 ). 4, 2 21. 60. 13,..,. 5.. - 67 -

(4)... 9. 1, 4, 1, 23, 2,..,.,....,. 3) - 68 -

..,.... ( )( )..,... (1)., 5 7., - 69 -

. (1993 ): 58 72 25 ( 13 ) ( 8 ) 39 ( 5 ). 26. 1/ 2 13. 6. 25 4... (2), - 70 -

...,...,,..,....,..,. 6., - 7 1 -

... ( ) (3). 10...,. : : : ( ) ( ) : ( ) ( ) : : : ( ) : ( ) : - 72 -

:.. ( ),, (T ), ( ).,,. 12.....,,... - 73 -

. 1994 14, 11, 6, 8, 9 48..,.. ( ) 10....,..., - 74 -

.., MBC KBS.,.,..,....... - 75 -

.... 4),.,.. (1) 3 2. 19943 7 3 24 29 2. () 2 15. - 76 -

,,,....,..... 1993 200 100 100 300. 200 4... 1994 3 24 29 6.. (07:00-8:00) (- 19:00-21:00) -, ( ) (09:00-15:00) - ( ), (09:00-15:00) - ( ) (15:00-17:00) - - 77 -

( ) (21:00-24:00) - () ( 10:00-12:00) - ( 14:00-16:00) - () ( 19:00-21:00) ( 19:00-20:00) : 10 3. (1994)350, 300, 100, 500, 650 1,900. 550100. 23 (250 ) 1. 190, 196, 164, 650, ( ) 668,. 70%. 3 2. 7 7, 60 x 12( )=720..,,. - 78 -

(2). 5.. 5.. 1.. 1993 (2.28. 3.3. 4 ). < 2 > 3.1 2.28.16:00 3.1 2.28.19:00 - - - 22:00 2.28.19:00 25 2.28.19:00 3.1 2.28.20:00 3 1 3.1 3.1. 10:00 25, 3.1. 10:00 39-79 -

3.1. 11:00 3.1-3.1. 11:30 3 1 3.1. 11:30 3 1 3.1. 11:30 3 1 3.1. 12:20 3.1. 12:30 3.1. 12:50 ( 3.1. 13:00 ), 3.2. - 3. 3 1 58 3.1. 17:00 3.1. - 3. 3 1 3.1. - 3. 3 1 3.1. 3.1. - 3. 3 1 3.2. 10:00-16:00 2.28.- 3.3. ( 3.3. 16:00 ), 3.1. 10:00 3.1. - 3. - 80 -

KBS 3.2. 14:00 3.1.- 3. 19:00 3.1 72 3.1. 10:00 3 1 3.1. 10:00 3.1. 10:00 3.1. 10:00 3.1. - 3. 3.2. 10:30 2 3.2. 10:00 3.1 3.3. 12:00 - (24Km ) 36. 5, 2, 4, 2, 13, 8, 2. 13,.. 13 6 39., ( 25 ) (26 ). - 8 1 -

13 4. KBS., 4 17... ( )..., 2412... 1993 2,200, 600, - 82 -

3003,100. 8,900. 1 2,000., 3-5.,.. 1 2,000..... (3) 1. 3 20 ( ) 4 1 ( ), 5 5( ) ( ) 5 7 1. 1994 5 15 6 15 1. - 83 -

< 3 > 5.25 11:00-12:00 5.25 14:00-15:00 5.25 17:00-18:00 6.13 10:00-17:00 6.13 16:00-18:00 6.14-6.16 09:00-18:00 6:11-6.12. 19:30-21:00 6.12. 16:00-19:00 6.12-6.15. 17:00-23:00 6.12-6.15. 10:00-18:00 6.12-6.14. 10:00-18:00 6.13 09:00-14:00 6.12-6.13. 11:00-18:00 6.12-6.13. 11:00-18:00 5.15, 10:30-11:30 (,, ) 5.25 10:00-11:00 ( - ) ( - ) 5.25-5.27 00:00-20:00 6.11 18:00-19:00 ( - ) ( - ) ( - ) ( - ) ( - ) ( - ) - 84 -

6.11 19:00-20:00 6.11 20:00-21:00 6.12-6.15 - > - > - > - > - > 09:30-10:30 ( - ) 6.12-6.15 10:30-20:00 ( - ) 6.15 19:00 ( - ) 6.12-6.15 3, 11:00,15 :0 0,18:00 6.13-6.14 09:00-17;00 6.12 21:00-22:30 6.13-6.15 19:30-21:00 94,,, KBS. 9. 1 0. - 9 4.9.15 6.11 09:00-20:00, 6.11,, 13:00-16:00 6.14 10:00-12:00 6.10 14:00-18:00-85 -

6.12 13:00-18:00 6.11-6.12 09:00-18:00 6.10-6.12 09:00-18:00 6.12 09:00-18:00 6.13 10:00-11:30 6.9-6.12 09:00-18;00 6.14 09:00-17:00 6.14 09:30-17:30 6.11 21:00 6.11 21:00 6.13 13:30-14:00 6.11-6.15 09:00-19:00 6.11-6.15 09:00-22:00 6.13 19:00-22:00 6.13 ( ) 18:00-20:00 6.13-6.19 09:00-18:00 6.13 10:00-12:00 - - - MBC ( ) KBS - 86 -

1994, 14, 11, 6, 8, 9 48..,..,.,.. ( ).. () (),. ( ) 11.. - 87 -

.,.......... ( ),... 1993 1 8,720, 1 8,002, 720. 2,700 ( 200, 300, 300, 300, 1,500, 100 ), 1,358 7 (KBS MBC ), 1 4,661. 1992 1 1,797, 1 1,408 10%. 80%.,,, - 88 -

. 4:6.. 19931 8,700. 2 4 5,300.. (4)., 1994 2 3 14 25 2...,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, - 89 -

,..........,,,,... 94 1 102 5,800 6,800...... - 90 -

,,. 5.. 2, 1 12, 2. 800.,.., 8 30,,. 6. 4.,,..,,.. 1994 4 25 27 3. - 9 1 -

. 4 25,.. 6. () (). < 4 > 4 25 19:30 4 25 19:30 4 26 13:00 4 26 13:00 4 26 13:00 4 26 13:00 ( 4 26 72 ) 14:30 ( 19 ) ( 81 ) ( 8 ) ( 51 ) 4 26 19:00-22:00 4 26 19:00-22:00 4 27 13:30-18:00-92 -

2, 4, ( ) 6, 2, ( ) 5, 4 23... 16 70%.. 2. 2..... ( )....,,.. - 93 -

,. (),. ( ) ( )....,. 4. 1... 52 1. 3.... - 94 -

............,.,...,. - 95 -

.......,... 5) (1).,,. ( ) 60. 2, 2 67. 27 10. 27.. 275.. - 96 -

(2),. 1993 1,000. ( ),.. (1993 ): : 100 : 400 : 120 : 120 : 10 300 : 6 50-60 : 5 200 : : 6 : 100 : : 30-40 :30-40 : 20 : - 97 -

18-20. 3 1: 100 (3)...,,,, (4 ), (39 ), (5 ), (40 ), (39 ), (35 ), (12 ), (39 ), (35 ). 17 375. 400. 30, 17. 100,. 300. 3 21. (4) 48..,. 15. 4-98 -

, 25100. ( ), ( ), ( ) ( ). KBS 30-357- 8...,,,,., 1993 736, 4 70, ( ) 26. -..,.. - 99 -

..,...,,,....,...,..,. - 100 -

. 6)... ( ).. 61, 100, 100, 100. 1) (%) 62.3 37.7 100.0 57 42 100.0 44 56 100.0 69 31 100.0-10 1 -

2) 10 20 30 40-50 60 (%) 6.2 26.2 16.4 14.8 16.4 100.0 14 16 18 33 19 100.0 3 38 30 22 7 100.0 8 21 14 36 21 100.0 3) (%) 22.9 22.9 27.9 16.4 0.0 9.9 100.0 14 18 24 11 15 18 100.0 7 35 29 11 0.0 18 100.0 9 30 14 8 26 13 100.0,,,,,.. (1). (%) 93.4 6.6 100.0 98 2 100.0 99 1 100.0 96 4 100.0-102 -

. ( ) ( ) (%) 22.9 0.0 21.3 39.3 9.9 93.4 24 1 36 34 3 98 23 1 25 50 0.0 99 31 4 22 39 0.0 96. ( : ) 2 1 1 2 1 4 96%.. 614,. - 103 -

(2). (%) 93.4 6.6 100.0 66 34 100.0 95 5 100.0 85 15 100.0. (%) 31.1 62.3 0.0 93.4 49 17 0.0 66 92 2 1 95 62 21 2 85. (%) 18.0 27.9 39.3 8.2 93.4 7 8 41 11 66 17 6 62 10 95 18 11 23 33 85-104 -

. (%) 62.3 31.1 0.0 93.4 38 23 54 66 43 48 4 95 53 26 6 85. (%) 54.1 32.8 4.9 1.6 93.4 26 29 4 7 66 39 38 4 4 95 30 30 21 4 85. 3.3 14.7 31.1 19.7 24.6 93.4 2 14 21 18 11 66 8 15 37 27 8 95 8 9 32 27 9 85-105 -

. (%) 6.6 6.6 10 14 4 6 34 3 2 5 4 9 1 1 15 95%, 85% 66%. (14%) (10%) (6%),. 15% 9%., 3 2..., 62%, 41%, 42%, 23%.. 30%... 23%. - 106 -

67%, 53%, 43%, 38%, 48%, 33%, 26%, 23%.., 48% 43%... 21%,..,., > > > >. >> >. 8-9%... - 107 -

(3). (%) 8.2 44.3 47.5 0.0 100.0 27 27 36 10 100 19 41 40 0.0 100 10 39 51 0.0 100. (%) 24.6 57.4 18.0 100.0 19 44 37 100 11 49 40 100 12 52 36 100. (%) 36.1 41.0 22.9 100.0 21 36 43 100 18 39 43 100 28 45 27 100-108 -

.,,. 47.5, 36%, 40%, 51%. 44.3%, 27%, 41%, 39%. 8.2%, 27%, 19%, 10%. 54%. 92%, 81%, 90%.. 57.4%, 44%, 49%, 52%. 18.0%, 37%, 40%, 36%. 75%, 81%, 89%, 88%... 41.0%, 36%, 39%, 45%. 22.9%, 43%, 27%. 36.1%, 21%, 18%, 28%. - 109 -

(4) (%) 14.8 11.5 39.3 18.0 16.4 100.0 17 13 39 29 2 100 11 15 29 35 10 100 7 28 26 37 2 100.. 35%, 37%., (39.3%)> (18.0%)> (14.8%)> (11.5%), (39%)>(29%)>(17%)> (13%). (35%)> (29%)> (15%)> (11%), (37%)> (28%)> (26%)>(7%).. - 110 -

(5) () (%) 67.2 3.3 29.5 100.0 8 16 20 56 100 9 16 6 69 100 53 25 22 100.. 67% 53%, 56% 69%. 67%...,. - 111 -

(6). (%) 63.9 36.1 100.0 80 20 100 84 16 100 79 21 100. (% ) 16.4 23 9.8 13.1 37.7 100.0 17.0 29.5 4.5 9.5 24.5 15.0 100.0 19.5 34.5 1.5 10.0 17.5 16.5 0.5 100.0 13 28 8 5 12 11 23 100. 80%. 64%.. > > >, > > - 112 -

>.. 38%,.......,,..,....... - 113 -

7)... (1),,,,,.,,,.. 20-30, 6... (2)..., 1 2,000,. - 114 -

. 3-5. (3).....,.,..,,,,.. 300, 100,.,., 2. (4). - 115 -

.., 80% (1 4,662 ),,,,.,. 1993 4:6.,.......,. - 116 -

.. 8)..... (1). 1993,..,.. (2).,. - 117 -

(3).,.... 1992 15NHK- T V (). (4).. KBS, MBC. KBS... 1993 KBS 1,102 6, MBC 256..,... - 118 -

...... 9)...,,,..,.,,,. - 119 -

,,.,..... 1. 3..,..,. ( ),,... - 120 -

....,...,....,..,...... - 12 1 -

,,................. - 122 -

,, ( ).. - 123 -

. 1. 1) (Europäische Ethnologie/ Volkskunde).,,,. 1970. 60 70.. 1960.. H. Gerndt < >. I.- M. Gereverus. - 124 -

1961..,. (here and now ) (soziales Handeln)....,.,. 2) (1).,., - 125 -

,..... 1975 7 13 8. 242..,.,..!., - 126 -

...,.... 3..... 120. 8,.,. 9 30. - 127 -

. 242,.. J. Hoizinga Homo Ludens... H.Rahner.,,,.,.,,. - 128 -

(2) 19.,....,...,. (Stadtlohn).. 60....,. - 129 -

...,, (, ),. 21/ 2.... (W ambeer ).. 1968 2 18 4... 1 21.. 3.. - 130 -

6... 6. (3). 1819.. 20........ - 13 1 -

!...,.!.., (Sleef). - 132 -

.. 1900..,..,.. (Alstätte).,...,... (4). - 133 -

(Gerardus van der Leeuw )... (F astnacht), (Fasching) (Karnerval)...,, (performance)....,., (: Aschermittwoch). (40). ( Metanosis ). Metanosis. Metanosis - 134 -

,.. Metanosis. (die verkehrte Welt) (Cupido) (Caritas).. 1800....,,,,.,.. - 135 -

.... (civitas Diaboli)(Civitas Dei). 18. 14 1748... 3), ( ). - 136 -

....... (Homo F aber ).,,...... (Homo Festivus) - 137 -

2. ( ) ( ) (1), () ( ) 10 9 10 500. N (),. ( () ) 7Km ( ) ( ).. (,....) - 138 -

196Km1. 8 ( ) -. 3 612,700. 1 17%, 2 19%, 3 64%.,. ( ) ( ) ( ),. ( ) ( ). 1468. ( ) 1467 ( ). ( )( ) ( ). - 139 -

. ( )..,., ( ). ; (; ),. ( ), ( ).,,. - 140 -

, 500. (2) 10 10... ( ) ( ), 10 14,.. ( ) ( ) 8..,. ( ). ( ( ) - 14 1 -

) 2Km... ( ) ( ) 9.. ( ) (), 30. (),,,. ( ) () ( ).. ( ).. - 142 -

( ). ( ) ( ). ( ). ( ) ( ) ( ) () ( ).. ( ) ( )... ( ),. () - 143 -

.,,,,,..... 2 ( ) 10 ( ) ()., ( ) ( ). ( ).,. - 144 -

( ). () 5..... ( ).,,. (). ( ) ( ),., (). ( ),.. - 145 -

.... ( ) ( ) ( ) 10 10, 7 ( ) ( ).. ( ).. 9. ( ).. - 146 -

.... ( ) ( ).,.... ( ). ( )...,. - 147 -

. ( )...,..,...., ( ).. - 148 -

.,... (3), 3.,,... 15. 6, 5. 4.. - 149 -

... 60. ( ),. (4).,.... 8 ().,,,. - 150 -

/.. 30. 30. /. 50 ( ).,. 450.. 50, 60, 50. 220... 30, 9, () 13, 3., ( ),. - 15 1 -

....,. /..,.. (5).,. 2-3.. - 152 -

.,. KHK ( )... 500. ( ). 1983 NHK,.. 500, 1980. - 153 -

3. 1) () (1) ( ). 635,. 1360. 40., 12, 6, 2... 40. ( ),. - 154 -

(2). : 7 ( 1 ). : 3 (,,,,,,,,,, ). : ( ). : (1 ) (1 ) (5 ) (100 ) (1-5 ) (3).,.... - 155 -

.. ( ),..,.,,..,,. ( ), ( ), (), 1000. - 156 -

. () 5. ( ).,..,..,. 7..,.. 1 2, 3. (7 7 ). 196048-157 -

.,.... 1000( 100 ).,.,,..,.,. ( ). - 158 -

(4). : (,, ) (Yanli Guresh Guclendirme Vakfi)( -, ). - 1960., 50( 5 ). 10, 10., 10,,,,. - 159 -

-,,,.,. ( ) -,,,,. 2, 5,000kg. 1990() - 60% ( ) - 22% (14% ), (8% ) - 10% - 5%, 2 5 kg - 3% - 100% - 160 -

-,...,,,. - 200 ( - ),.. -,,,,,,,,,., ( ),,,,,,. - 16 1 -

-,. 20. 1.. (5).,,.. (,, ),.., - 162 -

., ( ) (6). 7, 6,,.,,,..,,,,,., 500g, 1kg, 2kg, 5kg - 163 -

..,,... (7).,,,..,. - 164 -

.,...,,..,,,. 2) (1) 12 ( ) (Mevlana Jelaleddin al-rumi: - 165 -

1207-1273).,,. 1923., 1950. (sema)'.,. (2).. 12 11-17 ( ). - - - 166 -

. : :. (7 ) - 40-1200. 8 (92-7 ) : - 33% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10% - - - - - - - - 10% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14% - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12% - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 100% (3). (HIFKA) - 167 -

. ( ). ( ). (dhikr)'...,........, - 168 -

.......,....... - 169 -

...,. 6.. (4). : 30. : 12, 5., - 170 -

.. () :..,. : 25 20. 2 50 20., 1,.,,. 710. :. 25,. 2-17 1 -

20%.. 80% (5).,,. ( 1 ) -,., ( ) -,. ( )... 200,,. T V..,. 12-172 -

. (6). -.,,,. 150 7000.. - 5.. -,,..,,.. - 173 -

3) (1)..,. (Konya) (Mevlana), (Kirk- Pinar ) (Yagli Guresh)...,.,. 2,000( Ibrahim ) (Hagal),, - 174 -

. ( ) 12 5,. ( ). (2). - 12 ( - ) 7 10 (4 ) - 12 10 14 (5 ). ( ) ( ) ( ) (3). ( - ) (Hajj),,. 12 7 (1994 5 18 ) 10. (Ihram), - 175 -

- - - -. :.,....,..,,,,,,. : (Ka 'ba). ( ),,.,. - 176 -

:... ( )... : 12 9 13.,. 5. : 12 10,., - 177 -

., 7. :,,. 12 10,...... - - - - - ( ) -. :,,,. - 178 -

(Salat ul- 'Id) : 12 10..,. :.,.,... 3 3 1 3 1,.. :... - 179 -

. :.... :,..,,..,...,.. - 180 -

(4). 5,,.....,,..,.... - 18 1 -

4.,,,..,,,,,,.. 1) (1),,,, ( ) (2) ( ) (3) (4) ( ) 2) (1), - 182 -

. (2),, 5-6.. (3).,,. (4),. 3) (1) :,. (, ),. - 183 -

(2) :.,... (3). (4) :,,,. 4) (1). - 184 -

(2).,. (3). (candle). 2, 2-3 10.... 5) (1) 20% 80%.,. - 185 -

(2) 60%.,.. 6) ( ) (1) :., ( ). (2),.. 7) :, - 186 -

..,. 8) (1) (). (2)..,.,,. - 187 -

9) (1),. (2)..,. 500,. (3).,.,. (4). 10) (1). - 188 -

,. (2) :.,,.. (3)...,,.,,.,.,,.. - 189 -

,.,,,.,.,.,,,.,. - 190 -

... 80...,.. ( )..,.,,...,, - 19 1 -

.,.,.,.. 1. ( )... - 192 -

. () () ( ). ( ),.. ( ). ( )..,,.,.,. - 193 -

, () ( ). ( ). (inversion ).,.. ( ).. ()..,..,. - 194 -

.,,,.,...,.... 2. 93%.,, - 195 -

., ( )...,..,.........,.. - 196 -

................ - 197 -

......... 9-10 70.8%, 5-6 13.4%, 3-4 9.7%.. ( ).. ( ) 10... - 198 -

., 6, 1. 4 51. 5.. 3-5........, 1. : - - - - 199 -

- - - - - - - -. 4-5........, - 200 -

....,..,,.,. 2-3.,...,. - 20 1 -

.,,... ( )..... 3.. - 202 -

.. 300.,..... - - - ( ) - - - ] - - () - - - - 203 -

.... 1). 5-6.....,...,... - 204 -

..... 2).......,. 3) ( ).. - 205 -

.. 4)...,. 5)......,... - 206 -

. 6)........... 7).. - 207 -

....,,....,...,, ( 5. ).. - 208 -

8).,........ 9)....,. - 209 -

........ MBC,... 10).... - 210 -

,,..,,. ()..... 11)... - 211 -

4...,. 1)...,..... - 212 -

2)..,.... 3)......,.... - 213 -

..,,..,.. 5..,....... - 214 -

............,..,.,. - 215 -

...,...,...... 5., 1 2, 1. - 216 -

.....,.. 6.... 1) : (1) : - 217 -

(2 ) :. - 218 -

- 219 -

2) (1) - (2). (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) ( ) () (8) 1. (9) - 220 -

3) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 4) (1) 5 (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) - 22 1 -

5) (1) (2).. (3) (4) (5).. (6) (7). 6) (1) (2) (3) (4) - 222 -

(5) (6) - 223 -

. 1..,..,...,.. 1 ) (1) 134 300... - 224 -

..,,,, 8-10..,. (2 ) 300.,...,.. - 225 -

(3 ) 1-2.. 5... (4 ) 9-10 70.8%, 5-6 13.4%, 3-4 9.7%. 3-6... 10..,. - 226 -

2 ) (1)... (2 )..... (3 )... - 227 -

... 2. 1),.. MBC..... 2 ) - 228 -

..... 3 )....... - 229 -

, 1975., 1977 19, 1982 :, 1986., 1988., 1990., 1991 3,, 1992.12., 1993 ( )( ) ( ):.., 1993., 1994, :,., 1994., 196210,., 1975 -., 1990.. T he Encyclopedia of Religion 1987. T he Encyclopæ dia Britanica 1988. - 230 -

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- 233 -

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: : 199 : ( ) ( ) ( ) : : 10 20 30 40-50 60 : - 236 -

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3. 1)?... 2) ( )?... 3)?... 4.? 5.? - 240 -

6. 1)?.. 2)?. (.) - 24 1 -