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대한소화기학회지 2008;51:142-146 고형가유두상종양및췌관내유두상점액종양소견을보인췌장선암종 2 예 연세대학교의과대학내과학교실및소화기병연구소, 병리학교실 * 김동현ㆍ조재희ㆍ이수현ㆍ김현기 * ㆍ방승민ㆍ송시영ㆍ정재복ㆍ박승우 Two Cases of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Manifested as Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor and Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm Dong Hyun Kim, M.D., Jae Hee Cho, M.D., Su Hyun Lee, M.D., Hyun Ki Kim, M.D.*, Seung Min Bang, M.D., Si Young Song, M.D., Jae Bock Chung, M.D., and Seung Woo Park, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology and Department of Pathology*, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Compared with other types of cancers, pancreatic cancer is one of the most dreadful malignancies and is fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in Korea. It is difficult to expect early diagnosis or improvement in prognosis due to lack of specific early symptoms and effective diagnostic methods. Whereas cystic neoplasm of the pancreas is a rare type of pancreatic tumor, surgical resection provides good prognosis because of its low possibility of local invasion or distant metastasis. In case of pancreatic cystic tumor, radiologic differentiation between benign and malignant lesions is crucial for the selection of appropriate treatment and the prediction of prognosis. And ductal adenocarcinoma of pancreas presenting in cystic form is an uncommon type of cystic tumor, making it extremely rare among all pancreatic malignancies. We report two cases of atypical pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma presenting as solid pseudopapillary tumor and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, respectively. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2008;51:142-146) Key Words: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; Solid pseudopapillary tumor; Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm 서론췌장암은우리나라에서발생하는암중에서 2.4% 로 9위를차지하고있어발생빈도는낮은편이나국내에서암관련사망의 5번째를차지하고있는악성종양이다. 1 일반적으로췌장암은 85-90% 가췌관상피에서발생하는선암종이고, 해부학적인특수성으로인하여임상증상이나신체검진 소견이특징적이지않고적당한선별검사가없어서진단당시에이미주변장기로전이되어근치절제가불가능한경우가많아예후가매우불량하며, 2 근치절제술이후에도 5 년생존율이 10% 에불과하다. 3 췌장의낭성종양은췌장질환의 5-15%, 췌장종양의 5% 이하로비교적드문질환이나, 4 최근초음파 (ultrasonography, US), 전산화단층촬영 (computed tomography, CT), 자기공명영상촬영 (magnetic resonance imag- 접수 : 2007 년 8 월 18 일, 승인 : 2008 년 1 월 11 일연락처 : 박승우, 120-752, 서울시서대문구신촌동 134 연세대학교의과대학내과학교실 Tel: (02) 2228-1930, Fax: (02) 393-6884 E-mail: swoopark@yuhs.ac Correspondence to: Park Seung Woo, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134, Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea Tel: +82-2-2228-1930, Fax: +82-2-393-6884 E-mail: swoopark@yuhs.ac

김동현외 7 인. 비정형적인방사선소견을보인췌장선암종 2 예 143 ing, MRI), 내시경역행담췌관조영술 (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ERCP), 내시경초음파 (endoscopic ultrasonography, EUS) 등의영상진단법이발전함에따라서임상에서자주경험하게된다. 췌장의낭성종양은다른낭성질환과감별이중요하며, 일반적으로췌장선암종과달리성장이느리고주위조직으로의침윤이적어절제술후완치될가능성이높기때문에정확한진단및감별이중요하다. 저자는췌장의고형가유두상종양 (solid pseudopapillary tumor, SPT) 과췌관내유두상점액종양 (intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, IPMN) 의소견을보였던췌장선암종 2예를경험하였기에문헌고찰과함께보고하는바이다. Fig. 1. Contrast enhanced CT shows a 6.5 cm sized well-encapsulated mass containing solid & cystic portion in tail of pancreas. 증례 1. 증례 1 43세여자가 3개월간의복통을주소로내원하였다. 환자는과거력에서 25년전충수염으로충수돌기절제술을받았으며 1년전당뇨병을진단받고경구혈당강하제복용하면서지내던중 3개월전부터복통및약 5 kg의체중감소있어개인병원내원하여시행한복부초음파와 CT에서췌장종괴소견이보여본원으로전원되었다. 내원당시혈압 110/70 mmhg, 맥박수 72회 / 분, 호흡수 20회 / 분, 체온 36 o C였으며복통을호소하였다. 신체검사에서급성병색을보이지않았고의식은명료하였다. 흉부진찰에서호흡음과심음은정상이었고, 복부진찰에서장음은정상이었고상복부에서경미한압통이있었으며간, 비장, 신장과기타복부에촉지되는종괴는없었다. 말초혈액검사에서백혈구 6,160/mm 3 ( 중성구분획 50.8%), 혈색소 14.9 g/dl, 혈소판 282,000/mm 3 였다. 혈청생화학검사에서공복혈당 204 mg/dl, AST/ALT 9/13 IU/L, 총빌리루빈 0.4 mg/dl, 알칼리포스파타제 57 IU/L, BUN 17.4 mg/dl, Creatinine 0.8 mg/dl, 총단백 7.3 g/dl, 알부민 4.6 g/dl, CEA 3.49 ng/ml, CA19-9 109 U/mL이었다. 외부에서시행한복부 CT상췌장미부에 6.5 cm 크기의, 내부에는고형부분이존재하는낭성종괴가관찰되어췌장고형가유두상종양으로생각되었다 (Fig. 1). 주변장기로의전이및수술가능여부확인을위해시행한 MRI에서췌장미부에낭성부분과고형부분이존재하는종괴와그내부에출혈소견이관찰되며주변림프절전이가의심되나주위혈관을둘러싸는소견은보이지않았다. Fig. 2. (A) Gross finding. The specimen is a product of distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. The external contour reveals a protruding pinkish solid mass in distal portion (arrows), measuring about 5.5 5 4 cm. (B) Microscopic finding. Ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is seen (H&E stain, 100).

144 The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology: Vol. 51, No. 2, 2008 환자는입원후 7일째췌장미부절제술및비장절제술을시행받았으며수술소견에서췌장미부에 5.5 5 cm 크기의낭성변화를동반한분홍색의고형종괴가관찰되며 (Fig. 2A) 여러개의췌장주위림프절이촉지되었다. 병리학조직검사에서췌장선암종으로판명되었고 (Fig. 2B) 암세포가췌장주위지방조직까지침윤되었다. 주위림프절은 17개중 3개에서양성이었고췌장절제면에암세포양성소견을보였다. 환자는동시항암방사선요법을시행받고 14개월째외래추적관찰중이다. 2. 증례 2 64세남자가건강검진을위해시행한복부초음파에서췌장종괴소견을보여추가검사를위해본원으로내원하 Fig. 3. MRI shows marked dilatation of main pancreatic duct from ampullary portion to body with massive intraductal solid mass. 였다. 과거력에서고혈압진단받고혈압약을복용중이었고그외특이과거력은없었다. 내원당시혈압 120/70 mmhg, 맥박수 78회 / 분, 호흡수 20회 / 분, 체온 36 o C였으며복통이나황달, 체중감소는없었다. 신체검사에서급성병색을보이지않았고의식은명료하였다. 흉부진찰에서호흡음과심음은정상이었고, 복부진찰에서장음은정상이었고간, 비장, 신장과기타복부에촉지되는종괴는없었다. 말초혈액검사에서백혈구 7,400/mm 3 ( 중성구분획 74.7%), 혈색소 13.5 g/dl, 혈소판 253,000/mm 3 였다. 혈청생화학검사에서공복혈당 102 mg/dl, AST/ALT 32/28 IU/L, 총빌리루빈 0.7 mg/dl, 알칼리포스파타제 85 U/L, BUN 10.9 mg/dl, Creatinine 0.9 mg/dl, 총단백 7.7 g/dl, 알부민 4.8 g/dl, CEA 2.46 ng/ml, CA19-924.2 U/mL이었다. 복부 MRI에서췌관내고형종괴로인해팽대부부터췌장체부까지의주췌관이매우확장되어있어췌관내유두상점액종양이의심되었고췌장주위림프절전이가있었으나혈관침범은없었다 (Fig. 3). EUS에서주췌관이매우확장되어있었고췌관안으로고형병변이관찰되고병변은췌장실질까지침윤하고있었으며석회화는관찰되지않았다 (Fig. 4A). ERCP에서는췌두부에서체부까지의췌관이종괴로채워져있었으며 (Fig. 4B), 열려진유두에서육안으로노란색의고형종괴가관찰되었지만점액이분출되지는않았다. 내시경조직검사결과췌장선암종소견을보였으며, 환자는유문보존췌십이지장절제술및전체췌장절제술을시행받았다. 수술소견에서거의모든췌장실질을침범하는 11 4 cm 크기의육안으로단단하고불규칙한경계를지닌종괴가관찰되었고 (Fig. 5A) 병리조직검사에서췌장선암종으로판명되었다 (Fig. 5B). 암세포는췌장주위지방조직까지침윤하였고주위림프절은 16개모두암세포음성이었으며절제면역시음성소견보였다. 환 Fig. 4. (A) EUS shows marked dilatation of the main pancreatic duct with a solid, protruding mass. (B) ERCP shows pancreatic duct filled with a round mass from head to body.

Kim DH, et al. Atypical Radiologic Manifestation of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Report of Two Cases 145 Fig. 5. (A) Gross finding. The specimen is a product of pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy and total pancreatectomy. Ill-defined, white pinkish, and nodular solid lesion is noted. It involves almost whole pancreatic parenchyme. (B) Microscopic finding. Ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is seen (H&E stain, 200). 자는 12개월째재발소견없이외래추적관찰중이다. 고찰췌장암은특징적인임상증상이없고진단당시이미진행된경우가많으며, 효과적인치료방법이없기때문에예후가극히불량하여대부분의환자들이진단후 2년내에사망한다. 2 췌장의낭성병변은최근영상진단법의발전에따라발견빈도가점차증가되고있으며, 특히건강진단과복부초음파의이용이늘어남에따라증상이없는췌장의낭성병변이우연히발견되는경우가증가하고있어이에대한적절한진단및치료가중요하다. 또한췌장의낭성종양은악성이라하더라도성장이나진행이느려절제술후완치될가능성이높아일반적인췌장암보다상대적으로좋은예후를보인다. 췌장의낭성종양은장액낭성종양, 점액낭성종양, 췌관내유두상점액종양, 고형가유두상종양이대부분을차지한다. 5 장액낭성종양은대부분이양성종양이고, 그외 3가지종양은양성에서부터침습암까지다양한양상으로나타나각각의감별진단은치료의방향결정에중요하다. 5,6 또한췌장암의경우도이번증례에서와같이방사선진단검사에서비정형적으로낭성변화를보일수있어다른낭성종양과의감별이필요하다. 췌장암의경우조영증강 CT에서주로저음영병변으로관찰되지만드물게낭성병변또는고음영병변으로보이거나국소종괴보다는대부분의실질이미만성으로저음영을보일수있다. 7 췌장선암종의약 8% 에서낭성변화를보인다고알려져있으며 8, 이러한낭성변화가나타나는이유는 크게 2가지로알려져있다. 첫째는종양의크기가클경우내부괴사와함께퇴행낭성변화가광범위하게오게되어가성낭종이나낭성종양으로보이게되는것이고둘째로암세포에의해췌관이막혀췌관내압력이증가하게되면췌관들이확장이되고파열이되어낭종이형성되는것이다. 7 반면에췌장의고형가유두상종양은 CT검사에서벽내결절을포함하는두꺼운벽을가진낭성과고형병변이복합적으로관찰되는낭종이특징적이다. 또한출혈이나낭성변성으로인한 fluid-debris level이보일수있으며 MRI 소견역시 CT와마찬가지로주변조직과경계가분명한피막을형성하며, 출혈을동반하는낭성및고형병변으로관찰된다. 첫번째중년여성의증례는내부에출혈소견이있는 6.5 cm 크기의낭성및고형종괴가췌장미부에관찰되어임상및방사선학적인진단을췌장의고형가유두상종양으로판단, 외과적인절제술을시행하였으나수술후조직검사상췌장선암종으로판명되어동시항암방사선추가치료를시행후외래추적관찰중인증례이다. 췌관내유두상점액종양은췌관내에유두모양증식을보이는점액분비상피세포의종양으로, 많은점액을분비하여주췌관또는분지췌관을막아췌관이점차확장되어낭종을형성하는질환이다. 발생위치와췌관을침범하는범위에따라주췌관형및분지췌관형, 그리고혼합형으로구분을한다. 9 복부 CT에서주췌관형은분절형태나미만성형태의주췌관의확장을보이고분지췌관형은여러개의낭포가모여있는포도송이모양의낭성확장으로관찰되고크기가 1-2 cm로작고주췌관의확장은드물다. 벽내결절이나고형요소, 췌관석회화, 주췌관과낭종병변사이의연결또한나타날수있다. 10 이중벽내결절이있거나두꺼운격

146 대한소화기학회지 : 제 51 권제 2 호, 2008 막, 석회화, 주췌관의직경이 10 mm 이상일경우악성일경우가높다. 11 또한최근자기공명담췌관조영술의사용이증가하고있는데주로병변의위치, 크기, 형태그리고침범범위를정확하게파악하는데도움을줄수있으나낭성병변과췌관과의연결을확인할수없고유두부위에서점액을배출하는모습을볼수없어한계점이있다. 12 ERCP에서는육안상유두에서점액이배출이되고주췌관또는분지췌관이확장되어있는특징적인소견이있으면진단에많은도움이되나미세종양이나분지췌관형은정상유두를보이는경우도많다. 두번째증례에서 CT, MRI 및 EUS 소견상주췌관의확장이매우심하였고, 주췌관내에고형종괴가관찰되었으며, ERCP 소견상열려진유두에서점액배출소견은관찰되지않았으나췌두부에서체부까지의체관이종괴로채워져있어주췌관형의췌관내유두상점액종양을의심하였다. 그러나십이지장경하조직검사결과췌장선암종으로진단되어근치적수술시행후재발없이외래추적관찰중이다. 상기증례는췌관내유두상점액종양의소견을보인비정형적인췌장암의증례로위와같이여러영상진단방법이사용되고있지만낭성종양과낭성변화를보이는췌장암을감별하는것이어렵다. 또한췌장암과는달리췌관내유두상점액종양은완전절제후장기생존율이 95% 이상이며악성병변인경우에도근치적절제후장기생존율은 50-76% 로비교적좋은예후를보여수술전감별진단이보다중요하다. 13,14 요약하면, 췌장암과췌장의낭성종양은치료와예후가달라감별진단이중요하다. 췌장암도방사선진단검사에서비정형적으로낭성변화가관찰될수있어고형가유두상종양이나췌관내유두상점액종양등과같은낭성종양으로오인할수있으므로방사선영상검사, EUS, ERCP 및조직검사를하여수술전정확한진단을통해치료를하는것이중요할것이다. 참고문헌 1. Ministry of Health & Welfare. Cancer incidence in Korea 1999-2001. 2005. 2. Lee SJ, Lee YC, Song SY, Chung JB, Kang JK, Park IS. Clinical study on pancreatic cancer and its prognostic factors. Korean J Gastroenterol 1994;26:1010-1020. 3. Conlon KC, Klimstra DS, Brennan MF. Long-term survival after curative resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Clinicopathologic analysis of 5-year survivors. Ann Surg 1996;223:273-279. 4. Albores-Saavedra J, Angeles-Angeles A, Nadji M, Henson DE, Alvarez L. Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Morphologic and immunocytochemical observations. Am J Surg Pathol 1987;11:11-20. 5. Brugge WR, Lauwers GY, Sahani D, Fernandez-Del Castillo C, Warshaw AL. Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1218-1226. 6. Matsumoto T, Hirano S, Yada K, et al. Malignant serous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas: report of a case and review of the literature. J Clin Gastroenterol 2005;39:253-256. 7. Choi EK, Park SH, Kim DY, et al. Unusual manifestations of primary pancreatic neoplasia: radiologic-pathologic correlation. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2006;30:610-617. 8. Kosmahl M, Pauser U, Anlauf M, Kloppel G. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas with cystic features: neither rare nor uniform. Mod Pathol 2005;18:1157-1164. 9. Yoo KS, Park ET, Lim BC, et al. An intraductal papillary mucinous tumors (IPMT) of the pancreas: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings according to its subtypes. Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2000;20:443-448. 10. Madan AK, Weldon CB, Long WP, Johnson D, Raafat A. Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas. J Surg Oncol 2004;85:193-198. 11. Sahani DV, Kadavigere R, Blake M, Fernandez-Del Castillo C, Lauwers GY, Hahn PF. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of pancreas: multi-detector row CT with 2D curved reformations--correlation with MRCP. Radiology 2006;238: 560-569. 12. Sugiyama M, Atomi Y, Hachiya J. Intraductal papillary tumors of the pancreas: evaluation with magnetic resornance cholangiopancreatography. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:156-159. 13. Thompson LD, Becker RC, Przygodzki RM, Adair CF, Heffess CS. Mucinous cystic neoplasm (mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of low-grade malignant potential) of the pancreas: a clinicopathologic study of 130 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1999;323:1-16. 14. Ko YH, Han DJ, Lee SG, et al. A clinical study on cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. Korean J Gastroenterol 2003; 41:49-58.