第一章 子曰 太伯其可謂至德也已矣 三以天下讓 民無得而稱焉 CHAP. I. THE EXCEEDING VIRTUE OF T'AI-PO. The Master said, 'T'ai-po may be said to have reached the highest point of vi

泰伯第八 BOOK VIII. T'AI-PO. 1/22

第一章 子曰 太伯其可謂至德也已矣 三以天下讓 民無得而稱焉 CHAP. I. THE EXCEEDING VIRTUE OF T'AI-PO. The Master said, 'T'ai-po may be said to have reached the highest point of virtuous action. Thrice he declined the kingdom, and the people in ignorance of his motives could not express their approbation of his conduct.' 제 1 장 태백 ( 太伯 ) 의훌륭한덕. 선생님께서말씀하셨다. 태백은고결한행동의가장높은경지에다다랐 다고할수있다. 세번이나왕국을거절하였는데도그이유를몰랐던백성들은 그의행동에대해칭송을표현할수없었다. 2/22

第二章 一節 子曰 恭而無禮則勞 慎而無禮則葸 勇而無禮則亂 直而無禮 則絞 二節 君子篤於親 則民興於仁 故舊不遺 則民不偷 CHAP. II. STATIONS. THE VALUE OF THE RULES OF PROPRIETY; AND OF EXAMPLE IN THOSE IN HIGH 1. The Master said, 'Respectfulness, without the rules of propriety, becomes laborious bustle; carefulness, without the rules of propriety, becomes timidity; boldness, without the rules of propriety, becomes insubordination; straightforwardness, without the rules of propriety, becomes rudeness. 2. 'When those who are in high stations perform well all their duties to their relations, the people are aroused to virtue. When old friends are not neglected by them, the people are preserved from meanness.' 제 2 장 예의범절의가치, 그리고높은지위에있는사람의모범. 1. 선생님께서말씀하셨다. 예의범절이없으면공경은수고로운번잡함이될뿐이며, 예의범절이없으면조심성은소심함이될뿐이며, 예의범절이없으면대담성은불순종이될뿐이며, 예의범절없이는정직함은무례함이될뿐이다. 2. 높은지위에있는사람 [ 君子 ] 이친척들에대한의무를잘수행할때백성들은덕 [ 仁 ] 을하도록격려를받는다. 군자가오랜친구를소홀히하지않을때백성들은비열함으로부터벗어나게된다. 3/22

第三章 曾子有疾 召門弟子曰 啟予足 啟予手 詩云 戰戰兢兢 如臨深淵 如履薄冰 而今而後 吾知免夫 小子 CHAP. III. THE PHILOSOPHER TSANG'S FILIAL PIETY SEEN IN HIS CARE OF HIS PERSON. The philosopher Tsang being ill, he called to him the disciples of his school, and said, 'Uncover my feet, uncover my hands. It is said in the Book of Poetry, "We should be apprehensive and cautious, as if on the brink of a deep gulf, as if treading on thin ice," and so have I been. Now and hereafter, I know my escape from all injury to my person, O ye, my little children.' 제 3 장 자신의신체를보살피는데서나타난증자의효성. 증자가위독해지자, 자신의제자들을불러말하였다. 나의손을들추고나의발을들추어라. 시경에이르기를, 염려해야하고신중해야하느니, 심연의가장자리에서있듯이얇은얼음위를밟듯이. 라고하였다. 그래서나는그렇게하여왔다. 지금이후로나는나의신체를손상시키는모든것으로부터벗어날수있다는알게되었다. 아, 나의어린제자들아. 4/22

第四章 一節 曾子有疾 孟敬子問之 曾子言曰 鳥之將死 其鳴也哀 人之將死 其言也善 三節 君子所貴乎道者三 動容貌 斯遠暴慢矣 正顏色 斯近信笑 出辭氣 斯遠鄙倍矣 籩豆之事 則有司存 CHAP. IV. THE PHILOSOPHER TSANG'S DYING COUNSELS TO A MAN OF HIGH RANK. 1. The philosopher Tsang being ill, Meng Chang went to ask how he was. 2. Tsang said to him, 'When a bird is about to die, its notes are mournful; when a man is about to die, his words are good. 3. 'There are three principles of conduct which the man of high rank should consider specially important:-- that in his deportment and manner he keep from violence and heedlessness; that in regulating his countenance he keep near to sincerity; and that in his words and tones he keep far from lowness and impropriety. As to such matters as attending to the sacrificial vessels, there are the proper officers for them.' 제 4 장 높은지위에있는이에게증자가죽어가는가운데남긴조언. 1. 증자가위독해지자, 맹경자 ( 孟敬子 ) 가그가어떤지병문안을갔다. 2. 증자가그에게말했다. 새는죽게되었을때그소리가슬프고, 사람은죽게되었을때그말이선합니다. 3. 높은지위에있는사람이유의해야할세가지중요한행동원칙이있습니다. 행동과태도에있어서난폭함과부주의함을멀리해야하며, 안색을단속할때에신중함을가까이해야하며, 그리고그의말과어조에있어서비천함과부적절함을아주멀리해야합니다. 제기에관한일을돌보는그런것은그일을위한담당자가있습니다. 5/22

第五章 曾子曰 以能問於不能 以多問於寡 有若無 實若處 犯而不校 昔者 吾友 嘗從事於斯矣 CHAP. V. THE ADMIRABLE SIMPLICITY AND FREEDOM FROM EGOTISM OF A FRIEND OF THE PHILOSOPHER TSANG. The philosopher Tsang said, 'Gifted with ability, and yet putting questions to those who were not so; possessed of much, and yet putting questions to those possessed of little; having, as though he had not; full, and yet counting himself as empty; offended against, and yet entering into no altercation; formerly I had a friend who pursued this style of conduct.' 제 5 장 증자의친구가가지고있던감복할만한검소함과이기심으로부터의자유. 증자가말하였다. 능력을타고났으면서그렇지않은사람에게질문하며, 많이가졌으면서사람이지만적게가진사람에게질문하며, 가지고있지만가지고있지않은듯하며, 가득차있으면서자신이비어있다고여기며, 기분나쁜일을당해도언쟁을일으키지않는것, 예전에나에게는이런행동의유형을추구했던친구가있었다. 6/22

第六章 曾子曰 可以託六尺之孤 可以寄百里之命 臨大節 而不可奪也 君子 人與 君子人也 CHAP. VI. A COMBINATION OF TALENTS AND VIRTUE CONSTITUTING A CHÜN-TSZE. The philosopher Tsang said, 'Suppose that there is an individual who can be entrusted with the charge of a young orphan prince, and can be commissioned with authority over a state of a hundred li, and whom no emergency however great can drive from his principles:-- is such a man a superior man? He is a superior man indeed.' 제 6 장 군자를이루는재능과덕의조합. 증자가말했다. 부모를잃은어린왕자에대한책임을믿고맡길수있는사람이있다면, 100리의나라에대한권한을위임할수있는사람이있다면, 아무리큰위험일지라도그의원칙을무너뜨릴수없다면, 이러한사람은훌륭한사람 [ 君子 ] 인가? 그는참으로훌륭한사람이다. 7/22

第七章 一節 曾子曰 士 不可以不弘毅 任重而道遠 二節 仁以爲己 任 不亦重乎 死而後已 不亦遠乎 CHAP. VII. THE NECESSITY TO THE OFFICER OF COMPASS AND VIGOR OF MIND. 1. The philosopher Tsang said, 'The officer may not be without breadth of mind and vigorous endurance. His burden is heavy and his course is long. 2. 'Perfect virtue is the burden which he considers it is his to sustain;-- is it not heavy? Only with death does his course stop;-- is it not long? 제 7 장 관리가가져야할마음의도량과강건함에대한필요성. 1. 증자가말했다. 관리는넓은마음과강건한인내심이없어서는안될것이다. 그의짐이무겁고그가가야할여정이멀기때문이다. 2. 완전한덕 [ 仁 ] 이그가짊어지겠다고생각한짐이니무겁지않은가? 오직죽음만이그가가야할길을멈추게하니멀지않은가? 8/22

第八章 一節 子曰 興於詩 二節 立於禮 三節 成於樂 CHAP. VIII. THE EFFECTS OF POETRY, PROPRIETIES, AND MUSIC. 1. The Master said, 'It is by the Odes that the mind is aroused. 2. 'It is by the Rules of Propriety that the character is established. 3. 'It is from Music that the finish is received.' 제 8 장 시와예와악의효과. 다. 1. 선생님께서말씀하셨다. 마음을흥기시키는것은바로시에의해서이 2. 인격이성립되는것은바로예의범절에의해서이다. 3. 완성을이루는것은바로음악으로부터이다. 9/22

第九章 子曰 民可使由之 不可使知之 CHAP. IX. WHAT MAY, AND WHAT MAY NOT BE ATTAINED TO WITH THE PEOPLE. The Master said, 'The people may be made to follow a path of action, but they may not be made to understand it.' 제 9 장 백성과더불어도달할수있는것과도달할수없는것. 선생님께서말씀하셨다. 백성에게어떤행동방식을따르게할수있지만 그것을이해시킬필요는없다. 10/22

第十章 子曰 好勇疾貧 亂也 人而不仁 疾之已甚 亂也 CHAP. X. DIFFERENT CAUSES OF INSUBORDINATION;-- A LESSON TO RULERS. The Master said, 'The man who is fond of daring and is dissatisfied with poverty, will proceed to insubordination. So will the man who is not virtuous, when you carry your dislike of him to an extreme.' 제 10 장 순종하지않게되는서로다른원인들, 통치자를위한가르침. 선생님께서말씀하셨다. 대담한것을좋아하면서가난에불만을가진사 람은순종하지않게될것이다. 덕이있지않은사람도당신이그를지극히싫어 하게되면또한그렇게될것이다. 11/22

第十一章 子曰 如有周公之才之美 使驕且吝 其餘不足觀也已 CHAP. XI. THE WORTHLESSNESS OF TALENT WITHOUT VIRTUE. The Master said, 'Though a man have abilities as admirable as those of the duke of Chau, yet if he be proud and niggardly, those other things are really not worth being looked at.' 제 11 장 덕없는재능의무가치함. 선생님께서말씀하셨다. 어떤사람이주공 ( 周公 ) 처럼훌륭한재능을가졌 다하더라도그가거만하고인색하다면그밖의것은정말볼가치도없다. 12/22

第十二章 子曰 三年學 不至於穀 不易得也 CHAP. XII. HOW QUICKLY LEARNING MAKES MEN GOOD. The Master said, 'It is not easy to find a man who has learned for three years without coming to be good.' 제 12 장 배움이얼마나빨리사람을선하게만드는가. 선생님께서말씀하셨다. 3 년동안배우고서선해지지않은사람을발견하 기는쉽지않다. 1) 1) 원주 ( 原註 ) : 이것은 穀 을 善 의의미로이해한공안국 ( 孔安國 ) 의해석이다. This is the interpretation of Kung An-kwo who takes 穀 in the sense of 善. 13/22

第十三章 一節 子曰 篤信好學 守死善道 二節 危邦不入 亂邦不居 天下有道則見 無道則隱 三節 邦有道 貧且賤焉 恥也 邦無道 富且貴焉 恥也 CHAP. XIII. THE QUALIFICATIONS OF AN OFFICER, WHO WILL ALWAYS ACT RIGHT IN ACCEPTING AND DECLINING OFFICE. 1. The Master said, 'With sincere faith he unites the love of learning; holding firm to death, he is perfecting the excellence of his course. 2. Such a one will not enter a tottering state, nor dwell in a disorganized one. When right principles of government prevail in the kingdom, he will show himself; when they are prostrated, he will keep concealed. 3. When a country is well governed, poverty and a mean condition are things to be ashamed of. When a country is ill governed, riches and honor are things to be ashamed of.' 제 13 장 관직을받아들이거나거부하는데있어서항상바르게행동하는것이관리의자격이다. 1. 선생님께서말씀하셨다. 그는배움에대한사랑과독실한믿음을겸비한다. 그는죽음에이를때까지흔들리지않음으로써그과정을최선으로완성한다. 2. 그런사람이라면불안정한나라에들어가거나무질서한나라에살지않을것이다. 정치의올바른원칙이왕국에실현될때그는스스로나아갈것이며, 그것이땅에떨어지면그는숨어있을것이다. 3. 나라가잘다스려질때는가난하고비천한것을부끄러워해야한다. 나라가잘못다스려질때는부유하고명예로운것을부끄러워해야하는것이다. 14/22

第十四章 子曰 不在其位 不謀其政 CHAP. XIV. EVERY MAN SHOULD MIND HIS OWN BUSINESS. The Master said, 'He who is not in any particular office has nothing to do with plans for the administration of its duties.' 제 14 장 모든사람은자신의일에신경써야한다. 선생님께서말씀하셨다. 어떤특정한관직에있지않은사람은그직무를 집행하는데대한제안과아무관계가없다. 15/22

第十五章 子曰 師摯之始 關雎之亂 洋洋乎 盈耳哉 CHAP. XV. THE PRAISE OF THE MUSIC-MASTER CHIH. The Master said, 'When the music master Chih first entered on his office, the finish of the Kwan Tsu was magnificent;-- how it filled the ears!' 제 15 장 음악의달인지 ( 摯 ) 에대한칭찬. 선생님께서말씀하셨다. 음악의달인지 ( 摯 ) 가처음관직에들어왔을때 관저 ( 關雎 ) 의마지막장이장엄하였다. 그것이귀에가득하였도다! 16/22

第十六章 子曰 狂而不直 侗而不愿 悾悾而不信 吾不知之矣 CHAP. XVI. A LAMENTATION OVER MORAL ERROR ADDED TO NATURAL DEFECT. The Master said, 'Ardent and yet not upright, stupid and yet not attentive; simple and yet not sincere:-- such persons I do not understand.' 제 16 장 타고난결함에도덕적인잘못이더해진데대한탄식. 선생님께서말씀하셨다. 열렬하지만올바르지않고, 어리석지만주의깊지 않으며, 단순하지만성실하지않은그런사람들을나는이해하지못한다. 17/22

第十七章 子曰 學如不及 猶恐失之 CHAP. XVII. WITH WHAT EARNESTNESS AND CONTINUOUSNESS LEARNING SHOULD BE PURSUED. The Master said, 'Learn as if you could not reach your object, and were always fearing also lest you should lose it.' 제 17 장 얼마나진지하고부단하게배움을추구하여야하는가. 선생님께서말씀하셨다. 네가목표에도달하지못할것처럼배우고, 항상 그것을잃을까두려워하라. 18/22

第十八章 子曰 巍巍乎 舜禹之有天下也 而不與焉 CHAP. XVIII. THE LOFTY CHARACTER OF SHUN AND YU. The Master said, 'How majestic was the manner in which Shun and Yu held possession of the empire, as if it were nothing to them!' 제 18 장 순 ( 舜 ) 과우 ( 禹 ) 의높은인격. 선생님께서말씀하셨다. 순 ( 舜 ) 과우 ( 禹 ) 가제국을소유하였으면서도그것 이아무것도아닌것처럼여겼던태도는얼마나위대하였던가! 19/22

第十九章 一節 子曰 大哉堯之爲君也 巍巍乎 唯天爲大 唯堯則之 蕩蕩 乎 民無能名焉 二節 巍巍乎 其有成功也 煥乎 其有文章 CHAP. XIX. THE PRAISE OF YAO. 1. The Master said, 'Great indeed was Yao as a sovereign! How majestic was he! It is only Heaven that is grand, and only Yâo corresponded to it. How vast was his virtue! The people could find no name for it.' 2. 'How majestic was he in the works which he accomplished! How glorious in the elegant regulations which he instituted!' 제 19 장 요 ( 堯 ) 에대한칭찬. 1. 선생님께서말씀하셨다. 군주로서의요 ( 堯 ) 는정말훌륭하였도다! 얼마나그가위대하였던가! 오직하늘만이장엄하거늘오직요만이그와같았다. 그의덕이얼마나광대하였던가! 사람들은거기에맞는이름을찾아내지못하였다. 2. 그가성취한업적이얼마나위대하였던가! 그가만들어낸우아한법규가얼마나찬란하였던가! 20/22

第二十章 一節 舜有臣五人 而天下治 二節 武王曰 予有亂臣十人 三節 孔子曰 才難 不其然乎 唐虞之際 於斯爲盛 有婦人焉 九人而已 四節 三分天下有其二 以服事殷 周之德 其可謂至德也已矣 CHAP. XX. THE SCARCITY OF MEN OF TALENT, AND PRAISE OF THE HOUSE OF CHAU. 1. Shun had five ministers, and the empire was well governed. 2. King Wu said, 'I have ten able ministers.' 3. Confucius said, 'Is not the saying that talents are difficult to find, true? Only when the dynasties of T'ang and Yu met, were they more abundant than in this of Chau, yet there was a woman among them. The able ministers were no more than nine men.' 4. 'King Wan possessed two of the three parts of the empire, and with those he served the dynasty of Yin. The virtue of the house of Chau may be said to have reached the highest point indeed.' 제 20 장 재능있는사람들의부족, 그리고주실 ( 周室 ) 에대한칭찬. 1. 순 ( 舜 ) 에게는다섯명의신하가있었으며제국은잘다스려졌다. 2. 무왕 ( 武王 ) 이말하였다. 나에게는열명의능력있는신하들이있다. 3. 공자께서말씀하셨다. 재능있는사람들을발견하기어렵다는말이사실이아닌가? 오직당 ( 唐 ) 과우 ( 虞 ) 왕조가교차하였을때만주나라보다재능있는사람들이많았는데그중에여자가있었다. 능력있는신하는아홉명에불과하였다. 4. 문왕 ( 文王 ) 은제국의삼분의이를소유하였으며, 그것을가지고은나라를섬겼다. 주실 ( 周室 ) 의덕은가장높은지점에도달하였다고말할수있다. 21/22

第二十一章 子曰 禹吾無間然矣 菲飮食 而致孝乎鬼神 惡衣服 而致美乎黻 冕 卑宮室 而盡力乎溝洫 禹吾無間然矣 CHAP. XXI. THE PRAISE OF YU. The Master said, 'I can find no flaw in the character of Yu. He used himself coarse food and drink, but displayed the utmost filial piety towards the spirits. His ordinary garments were poor, but he displayed the utmost elegance in his sacrificial cap and apron. He lived in a low, mean house, but expended all his strength on the ditches and water channels. I can find nothing like a flaw in Yu.' 제 21 장 우 ( 禹 ) 에대한칭찬. 선생님께서말씀하셨다. 나는우 ( 禹 ) 의인격에서아무런결점도발견할수없다. 자신은거친음식을먹었으나조상신에게는최고의효성을보였다. 그의평상시복장은볼품없었으나제사지낼때의모자와무릎덮개에는최고의기품을보였다. 그는낮고좁은집에살았지만도랑과수로에는그의모든힘을쏟았다. 나는우에게서어떤결점같은것을발견할수없다. 22/22