방송통신망고도화에따른상호접속의쟁점과정책과제 2009. 11

1. IP, HSPA, EVDO, Rev. A WiBro, WiMAX.,. All-IP,. PSTN VoIP,, WiBro, FMC,, EU,,. VoIP PSTN,, 2G/3G IP,. 2010.

2,,,,,.,. 2009 11

3 1 9 1 13 2 14 1 14 1. 14 2. 18 2 29 1. EU 29 2. 34 3. 40 3 42 1 / 42 1. 42 2. 43 3. 47 4. 52 2 VoIP PSTN 54 1. 54 2. : Ofcom 55 3. 62

4 3 63 1. 63 2. 64 3. 71 4. 73 4 2G/3G 76 1. 76 2. 2G/3G SMP 80 3. 89 5 90 1. 90 2. 90 3. 92 4 94 1 IP ( ) 94 1. 94 2. 95 3. 97 2 (FMC) 98 1. 98 2. FMC 99 3. 112 5 115 118

5 2 1 (2008. 9 ) 15 2 2 FMC 23 2 3 /All-IP 25 2 4 EC (2009. 7) 30 2 5 Ofcom 36 2 6 Ofcom 37 3 1 EU (2002) 46 3 2 73 3 3 EU 85 4 1 B&K CPNP 95 4 2 CBI 96 4 3 CBI 97 4 4 FMC 101 4 5 UMA FMC (2004 2007) 107 4 6 FMC 109 4 7 FMC 110 4 8 KT FMC SKT FMS 111

6 2 1 16 2 2 17 2 3 VoIP 19 2 4 19 2 5 Asia-Pacific VoIP 20 2 6 VoIP 20 2 7 VoIP 21 2 8 39 3 1 All-IP 43 3 2 50 3 3 51 3 4 54 3 5 55 3 6 Ofcom BT 57 3 7 MTR 65 3 8 EU 67 3 9 EU 68 3 10 72 3 11 3 74 3 12 3 75

7 4 1 100 4 2 UMA FMC 103 4 3 104 4 4 M-VoIP 106 4 5 BT Fusion 108

9 1.. IP, (HSPA, EVDO, Rev.A WiBro, WiMAX.,. 2. All-IP,.,. 3. 2 PSTN

10 VoIP,, WiBro, FMC,, VoIP,,,. 2009 7 EC, 2009 5 Ofcom,. EC Ofcom, IP /. 3 /, VoIP PSTN,, 2G/3G,., /, FTA,,,,, RIO., VoIP PSTN Ofcom, IP, legacy

11, Ofcom IP/BcN legacy., EC,,,, 800Mhz 2012 2012 ( : 2 3 glide path., 2G/3G, 3G 2G MSC.,,, peering paid peering (. 4 IP ( (FMC. IP, B&K, CBI,.,

12. FMC,, PoI, M-VoIP, M-VoIP. 4. All-IP,.,. /, VoIP PSTN,, 2G/3G 2010.,,. IP ( (FMC,,.

1 13 1. IP, IPTV FTTH, HFC., (HSPA, EVDO, Rev. A WiBro, WiMAX.,. All-IP,.,. 2,. 3, 4,, 5.

14 2 1 1. 1). (1), 05 ALL-IP 2). 2009 3. KT 2007, SK LG 10. 08 10 ( + IP 7%. (PSTN (, ATM, FR. (2), ADSL, VDSL, LAN, FTTH, HFC,, ( 50 100Mbps. 08 10 940 IPTV, 50Mbps 56%. 50Mbps 1) (2009). 2) IP IP.

2 15 2009 10 80%. 2 1 (2008. 9 ) xdsl HFC LAN FTTH 3,978,699 5,002,332 4,761,111 1,482,317 527 15,224,986 26.1% 32.9% 31.3% 9.7% 0.0% 100.0% : (2009), p.22. FTTx, DOCSIS 3.0. KT 2009 10 FTTH 74. 2%, 2010 92%, 2015 100% FTTH, 2010 1 5 3). FTTH FTTH. SK HFC LAN, FTTH. VDSL LAN 2010 2013, 2010 HFC, 2011 FTTH. 3DTV, UDTV, Giga. 3) (2009. 11. 11)

16. (1) HSDPA 07, WiBro 20. CDMA 2 HSPA(SKT, KT), EVDO Rev. A(LGT), WiBro(KT. HSDPA 2007, WiBro /. HSDPA 10M 1M, WiBro 20M, 2M.,, 4 (4G. (2) 100Mbps, 1Gbps 2 1 : (2009)

2 17. LTE WiMAX. 3GPP, IEEE. 3GPP cdma2000 IMT-2000 EVDO-Rev.A cdma 3GPP. LTE AT&T, Verizon, Vodafone, NTT DoCoMo, Orange, backward compatibility. WiMAX. WiMax KT, Clearwire, BT(. 4G LTE Rel.10, WiMAX 802.16m 2 2 : (2009)

18. LTE HSDPA/HSUPA LTE Rel.10, Rel. 10 (HSPA+ Rel.8). 2008 6, 227 WCDMA 206 HSDPA 80% WCDMA HSDPA+LTE, LTE-Adv. 3GPP (Gartner, 08. 9 ). WiMAX 802.16e 802. 16m. 90% Mobile WiMAX IEEE 802. 16m IEEE 802.16m (Gartner, 08. 9 ). 2. All-IP,.,.. All-IP PSTN VoIP,, WiBro, FMC,. (1) PSTN VoIP VoIP, VoIP.

2 19, TPS click-to-call 2012 VoIP 4,900 6,300, 2015 VoIP 90%. 07 17 2 8,800 2 2,300, VoIP 4 8 2 4 4, VoIP. 2 3 VoIP 2 4 : Ovum(2008. 3)

20 Asia-Pacific, NGN(FTTH, TPS VoIP Direct access(, QoS Soft client(e.g. Skype. 2 5 Asia-Pacific VoIP : OVUM VoIP 2011 1 4,190, 2008 VoIP, IPTV 2 6 VoIP : 2008, KT (2008. 3. 18)

2 21 TPS 2009 VoIP. 2009 1 2008 2 273, 2009 6 428. 2 7 VoIP : 1. (2009a) 2. KT VoIP PSTN VoIP, PSTN PSTN. (2). 40%, 58%. BSkyB TalkTalk.

22 2009 3 Ofcom, BT,. 80%. 2008 54%. 2009 5 KT 80, TV TPS.., ( + ).,.,,, IP. (3) WiBro, FMC WiBro, FMC. WiBro WiBro, FMC

2 23. FMC 1999 BT,,,,. FMC, FMS. FMC. FMC WiFi Home zone,,, TV. FMC. 2 2 FMC BT Orange (FT O2 Germany DT Mobilkom 2Number FMC Fusion (4.5, 08. 4. ) xdsl TPS 1Number FMC, Unik (90, 08. 3. xdsl 10 :, 22 : Orange, 15.88 :,,,,,, Unik (3 WiFi, 07. 6. ). AP, 99. 7 FMS Genion (370, 10 36%, 06. 3., FMC T-Mobile T-Mobile@home (, T-One 3G fring, A1 over IP VoIP 3G (

24 Sprint Nextel Verizon Wireless T-Mobile USA DoCoMo KDDI SoftBank Mobile 07. 9., CDMA, Airave ( 07 17, 40 ) 15, 30, Airave( 49.99 09 (Unstrung, 08. 10) CDMA, Data 07. 6., Mobile@home ( 10, 07 Orange Unik UMA Mobile, BB U, ( 08. 10., WiFi, 30% & BB, FMC ( FMC, Business Mopera IP Centrix, IP-BTS DoCoMo, au FMC, OFFICE FREEDOM 09,, xdsl : (2009) KT 2009 10 20 QOOK&SHOW FMC, SK 2009 11 FMS. (4) IP NGN/BcN All-IP. IP (NGA: Next Generation Access., All-IP

2 25... (1) All-IP,. Spulber&Yoo(2005) 5, (interconnection access) 2 3 /All-IP layer IP NGN/BcN : (2008b) layer ( ) Layer ( layer) layer

26. 4) (2008) /All-IP 2 3. 2 3. (2) VoIP IP PSTN VoIP. PSTN /VoIP PSTN. Ofcom IP NGN PSTN (Ofcom BT NGN. 5) Ofcom BT PSTN VoIP (. PSTN VoIP., VoIP PSTN. VoIP PSTN PSTN VoIP. 4) Spulber & Yoo(2005) (retail access), (wholesale access), (platform access), (interconnection access), (unbundled access) 5. (2008). 5) Ofcom(2005).

2 27,. 6) (3), IP,., VoIP,, (bundled tariffs),. 7) IPTV. IP IP, (B&K... 8) 6) (2009) 7),,, RPP CPP.

28,.. (4) M-VoIP, FMC FMC/FMS, Wi-Fi 3G, (Femtocell. Wibro M-VoIP WiBro. (5) All-IP, /. FTA, ( 29 5. EU (Access Directive, / 8),, 1), 2) RPP, LM ML, 3) CPP,, 4) FRIACO, 5) Transit ( ).

2 29. 2 1. EU. EC,, /. ERG(2007) (asymmetry), (transfers),,. EC cost-accounting, FD(Framework Directives) 7. 2009 7. 9). EC EC, 2012 12 31, 9) COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION of 7. 5. 2009 on the Regulatory Treatment of Fixed and Mobile Termination Rates in the EU

30,, NGN, Bottom-up LRIC,, (B&K), (Reciprocity) 2 4. 2 4 EC (2009. 7) 1. (Framework Directive 2002/21/EC) 16 ( ) (wholesale voice call termination on indivisual public telephone network) SMP (Access Directive, 2002/19/EC) 13, (efficient operator). 10) (symmetric),. 2. (efficient costs) (current costs), bottomup LRIC. 11) 3. (robustness) bottom-up Top-down,. 12) 4.. core part NGN, 2G/3G. 10) Recital 8: FD 8 1, 8 2,,,. 11) Recital 9:.. Recital 10: bottom-up. 12) Recital 11: bottom-up, top-down,,

2 31 5.. (incremental costs) ( ),, (avoidable costs). traffic related costs. 6. LRIC (relevant increment) 3. (total LRIC), traffic-related costs non traffic-related costs, non traffic-related costs. traffic related cost, ( ). 7. (asset depreciation). 8. (efficient scale). 9.,.,,. 1) (market-based assignment process),. 10. (minimum efficient scale) modeled operator (per-unit incremental costs),, (regulated rates)., 4. 11.. 2012. 12. 31 (9) (10),. 12. 1) ( ), 2) bottom-up LRIC 2014. 7. 1 interim prices., EC (, ), review.. 13. 4.

32. EC (1) (relevant incremental costs 3 (avoidable costs. traffic-related costs non traffic related costs, non traffic related costs. traffic related costs 3, traffic related costs (eg.,, IPTV,. traffic-related costs, non trafficrelated costs, PSTN (remote concentrator upstream line card, NGN DSLAM/MSAN, DSLAM/MSAN. /MDF traffic sensitive,, (remote concentrator. (additional network capacity costs), (additional wholesale commercial costs.,,,. modeled operator,,

2 33. (2) (relevant incremental costs 3. traffic-related costs non traffic related costs, non traffic related costs. traffic related costs 3, traffic related costs (eg., SMS, MMS,., SIM non-traffic realted costs.,.,,, non traffic-related costs.,,. (costs of spectrum usage.,. MSC (additional network capacity costs.

34 (, BTS,, (,,. EU 20%,. 2.. 2009 5 Ofcom 2011. Ofcom 2008 8 (Mobile Sector Assessment: MSA), Ofcom,. 13) Ofcom EC. EC 2008 6, 2009 7. Ofcom,. Ofcom, 13) Ofcom 2008 8 Mobile citizens, mobile consumers-adapting regulation for a mobile, wireless world. Ofcom, 4.

2 35,.,. (femtocell, IP IMS IP. Ofcom,. Ofcom.,.,,., Ofcom.,,,,. All-IP,, Ofcom.

36, Ofcom,,,.. Ofcom Ofcom 2011 LRIC+, B&K 6, Ofcom. 2 5 Ofcom 1) 2) (Long Run Incremental Cost+: LRIC+) 3) (Long Run Marginal Cost: LRMC) 4) (Capacity Based Charges: CBC) 5) (Mandated Reciprocity) 6) (Mandated bill and keep : B&K) ( (LRIC) ) EC, LRIC, 0 Ofcom ), ), ), ). (

2 37 ) ( ),.,,,. 2 6 Ofcom LRIC+ LRMC CBC Mandated Reciprocity B&K Deregulation, eg., (, ) ( ) off-net LM, MM, pure LRIC, on/off-net MCT, capacity NGN NGN ( more fixed than variable capacity ), MCT,,

38 LRIC+ LRMC CBC Mandated Reciprocity B&K Deregulation,, MCT, ( ) LRIC+ ( ) LRIC+ MCT : Ofcom(2009a) capacity, CBC capacity. Ofcom 2 8. Ofcom, LRIC+ LRMC Reciprocity B&K, B&K,,. Ofcom 6,,

2 39. Ofcom., Ofcom,,. Ofcom ), ), ) Ofcom. 2 8 : Ofcom(2009a)

40 3. 2009 1. 1997.,,. 50% 1,,, (1 )., 2001 25% (2 ). 2009 1., NTS., 2007 LRIC NTS 2008 2010. IP bottom-up/top-down LRIC hybrid,,, B&K.

2 41, 3,., (1, EU. 2.,,,,,.

42 3 1 / 14) 1., IP., (FTA) /,,., 29 5,,.,, IP, /. All-IP ( ),,., 14) (2008).

3 43., QoS., QoS IP QoS IP, QoS IP IP. 3 1 All-IP : (2008a) 2.. EU (1) EU (Access Directive) 2002 /. /

44 /,, /.,. EC Access Directive recital(7),, / 2002/ 20/EC ( ),. EC Access Directive 3 2 (2) Ofcom : (1997) / (2002) EU 2002, : (97/33/EC),, : (2002/19/EC) (PECN)

3 45 : (97/33/EC) (systems-based) SMP (ID 4 ) SMP (,, NNP ) ( ) RVTD : (2002/19/EC),, (AID 12 ) 3 3,,,,,,, SMP ( ) SMP,., SMP.. EU 3 1.

46 3 1 EU (2002) EU ( ) public ( ) ( ),, (DB/ ):,, IP, ATM, frame relay, TV advanced : (HLR ), DNS IP, (presence DB),, TV enhanced :, / (, ) ( / ) (SMS, IP ) (,, EU, EU.

3 47 (Electronic Communications Services) EU (Associeted Facilities) (Electronic Communication Networks) (Content) (Meta-Content) (Information Society Services) (Enhanced/Value-added Services) (Advanced Services) (Basic Network Services) 3.. (1) /, 29 5 /. 29 5 : 1., 34, /.

48 34 ( ). 34 2( ) 34 2. 34 3( ). 34 4( ). 34 6( ) 90 33 5 1 2, 33 7 1, 34 1, 34 3 1 34 4 1.. 29 5,. (2). ( 6 6 ), ( 8 2 ) /

3 49. 6 ( ),. 8 ( ) 1, ( ). 47. 47 ( ) IWF, PDSN, GGSN. (3) / / /., W2P SMS P2P SMS.. (1),

50., PSTN., PSTN,. 1. 3 2 별정통신망 압축장비 국제전용회선 RN 과금 RN 국제교환기기간국제전화망 시외교환기 국제전용회선 시외교환기 ISC ISC 해외공중망 공중망상호연동회선 상호접속회선 가입자계망 (PSTN/PLMN) : (2008) RN: Reseller Node ISC: Int l Switching Center PSTN. 19, ( 25 ). 200 2..

3 51 3 3 (2009b), VoIP to PSTN VoIP. VoIP- PSTN G/W, PSTN,. (2) VoIP,.,,,,., VoIP.

52 (3) (.,. 6 8., / (access,,. 4. /, 15).,, /, /, 15) / /, /

3 53, /., FTA,,,., 4 ( 2. 4 (. 4 (. 1. ( 6 6 ).,.,,.. 29 5, 36 6 /

54.,,. RIO( ), RIO. 2 VoIP PSTN 1. 2008 VoIP, IPTV TPS 2009 VoIP. KCT, KT VoIP 2009 6 428. 3 4 : 1. (2009a) 2. KT

3 55 (PSTN + ) 2008 1 1.3% 2009 6 11%. 3 5 : VoIP KT,. 2. : Ofcom. Ofcom (Technology neutral basket approach) (PSTN/21CN) ( X factor)., BT PSTN 21CN(BT NGN), PSTN, PSTN

56 21CN PSTN. Ofcom PSTN BT (Network Charge Control; NCC), BT 21CN PSTN ( ). Ofcom 21CN, / X factor cost-volume, PSTN/21CN ( unit cost )., PSTN 21CN /, PSTN TS 21CN,, BT. BT,, NGN CAPEX, OPEX NGN., BT, Ofcom.. Ofcom BT PSTN PSTN, 16) ( cost of capital) 16) 2005 NCC VoB 50%,, 2009 NCC. Ofcom 2005 NCC,

3 57 PSTN (hypothetical ongoing network cost model). BT PSTN PSTN. BT BT, BT (Inputs):,, (Key calculations):, (Interim outputs):, iv (Key outputs): X 4. 3 6 Ofcom BT : Ofcom(2005). BT BT.

58 BT,,,, (total unit costs), X 5., routing factor, ) ( ), ) routing factor. Ofcom., ( ) steady state (, (GRC: Gross replacement cost), (OCM: Operating capability maintenance), CAPEX, (Disposal) ),, additional ( ) state state + additional., ( )., = +, =, = (usage factors)., 17) X 18) 2003/04, 2004/05, 2005/06 BT, 17) Call termination, Call origination, Single transit, Interconnect Specific Basket(ISB), Product management, Policy and Planning(PPP), FRIACO at the DLE and Single Tandem FRIACO 18) X.

3 59.,, X 2009/10 0.. Ofcom Ofcom ), ), ). BT,,. Ofcom,,, VoB BT. 2, Ofcom second line,,,,. CPS 2009/10 BT 70%. 19) PSTN, X. Ofcom ), 19) Dial-up.

60 ). Ofcom 1) / BT, 2) BT X,., BT 1) BT (LLU ), Ofcom 2009/2010 LLU 30 40%, LLU BT 60 70%, 2) PSTN/21CN,,, PSTN 15 25%. Ofcom 20%( / ), 60% (LLU BT )., PSTN VOB(Voice of Broadband) 50%. 1) PSTN 21CN, 2) VOB (21CN ) BT., Ofcom 2009/10 VOB 20%. NCC (actual cost) (hypothetical cost) BT. PSTN

3 61 ongoing network 20), PSTN. NCC BT,,,, Ofcom BT 21CN (BT 21CN OPEX, CAPEX ). 2009 BT ongoing network BT 2005 NCC 2007/08 volume( ) base year. 21CN ( ) NCC, ) 21) ) BT 05 09. BT ) 21CN 21CN PSTN, ), NCC, C&W 21CN NCC 21CN. 20) ongoing network, BT PSTN 21CN PSTN 21CN, PSTN PSTN. 21) unit cost( ), CAPEX, OPEX (2.5% 4.5% ), (accounting adjustment), 1 gain.

62. Ofcom BT,. 22), 21CN (productive efficiency),, 21CN, 21CN (21CN PSTN ). Ofcom NGN (migration rate), 21CN PSTN. BT BT,. 3., VoIP PSTN BcN 22) PSTN, 21CN, 2, 21CN 21CN BT. 21CN NCC NCC migration 21CN, migration (migration actual cost ).

3 63. VoIP,. VoIP PSTN,,, PSTN PSTN. Best available technology LRIC PSTN IP /BcN., IPTV BcN VoIP. IP, legacy, Ofcom IP/BcN legacy. NTS,, VoB. 3 1. 2G-3G 23) SK KT 23) ( 2009-41, 2009. 12. 30) 2G SK, 3G.

64 (3G ) LG ( ). EU. EC 2009 7. SK, 010 SK, LG. 800Mhz 3 3.,,,. 2.. (symmetry) ), ). (SMP), SMP ( SMP ), SMP, 3G 2009 10 50% 2G 3G 3G.

3 65. (Mobile Termination Rate; MTR) (, ),,,,,.,. ), )., topology.. 3 7 MTR : ERG(2008), p.82

66 glide path., (price signal),.. EU 24) EU. ERG(2008. 2007 1. 25) 31 25, 2004 1 47% 2007 1 39%, 1.4 0.9. EU,. (2G only, 2G/3G, 3G only ). 2G (900/1800Mhz). EC,. 24) ERG(2008). 25) 31 84 2004 1 2007 1.

3 67 2G 3G 2G/3G 3G 3G. 3G.. (1) EC EC, ( ), / 2009 7. EC,. EC 3 8 EU : EC(2008)

68 (transfers),, 2012. 3 9 EU : EC(2008) EC. 26) ( 26) EC 1 (Framework Directive 2002/21/EC) 16 ( ) (wholesale voice call termination on indivisual public telephone network) SMP (Access Directive, 2002/19/EC) 13, (efficient operator)

3 69 27) 28) ), bottomp-up. 9,., 4. 29) 12 EC 2012 12 31, 2014 7. ) ) bottom-up LRIC. EC, 2 2. (2) Ofcom 2011. 27), core part NGN, access part 2G/3G ( 4 ). 28) (efficient costs) (current costs) bottom-up LRIC ( 2 ). (robustness) Top-down, ( 3 ). 29) (GSM 900/DCS 1800).

70 2008 8 28 30) 2009 5 31). 32) Ofcom(2008,, MTR,, 4. Ofcom(2008) (, fixed-mobile symmetry B&K, 0,,, LEC (reciprocal compensation. (3) 252 (d), FCC ILECs CMRS(commercial mobile radio service) CLECs 33). 34) LEC, (symmetrical)., 30) Ofcom(2008) 31) Ofcom(2009) 32), 2007 3 2011 3. 33) IXCs, (CAPs), TV,, ISP(internet service providers), (Utility companies), (resellers) CLECs. 34) 47 CFR subpart H

3 71. 35) 3.. (1),. 3 (2000 10 ) (KT, SK ).. 2000 2 36) 2. L M, 98 2000 2001 L M PCS. L M PCS SK. 35) LM. LM ML (bill & keep). 36).

72 2002 2, 2002 2003, 2004, 2004 2005, 2006 2007 W-CDMA. 3 3,. 2009 3 2000 50%, SKT 52.3%, KTF( KT) 48.4%, LGT 47.8%. 2002 2004, 2005. 3 ( ) SKT 55.5%, KTF( KT) 28.6%, LGT 15.9%. 3 10 : KISDI

3 73 2004 2009 5. 3 2 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SK KTF( KT 15.8510 15.5149 6.9302 6.8292 5.2994 5.0301 LG 26.7353 23.7906 13.8731 12.3560 5.6792 5.5984 : KISDI 4... EU ( ),. (,, ).,, 2012 800Mhz, 2G,. EU

74 2G, EC,. 3 11 3 3 PCS M&A, PCS, 2004 SKT-KTF( KT) 18 19%, KTF( KT) LGT 13.5 15.5%. KTF ( KT) LGT 2004., 3 (, ) 3., SK 010 SK, LG.

3 75 3 12 3 :,,. KT LG, SK PCS. 4 15% EC(2009).. 2012 800Mhz 3 3 2012 2012 ( : 2 ) 3 glide path. KT LG, LG

76. SK PCS (eg. 2012 ) (eg.10%), (eg.3 ) (sunset rule). 4 2G/3G 37) 1.,,,,,. (1) : and/or ( ) ( ), ( ). EU, SMP., (ILEC) ( ). 34 6 37) 2009 12 30 3G ( 2009-41 ). 2G-3G.

3 77,. (2) (unbundled),. /,,. ILEC ) ), EU, SMP. WTO Interconnection Reference Paper (unbundled) /. 6,, 8 3 38). (3) (Non-discrimination) / 38) 1.,,,, (HLR) 2.

78.. EU SMP,,, ILEC,. WTO Interconnection Reference Paper,, (affiliated) ( ),. 4,. (4) / / / / /. WTO Reference Paper / (reference offer). EU SMP,,,,, ( ). 4, 42. (5) (Technology Neutrality) (similar)

3 79.,,. EU,. EU. 2002 EU., ( ), (,, ). EU.,., (picking a winner).,,,.. OECD inter-modal.

80 (6) / /, (double marginalization). EU SMP,, WTO Reference Paper,. 7 1. 2. 2G/3G SMP 39). (1) SMS.,.,, LM., 2G/3G.,,., 39) (2008c).

3 81,. (Calling Party Pays: CPP),,, ( ) bundled fee, CPP, closed user group countervailing buyer power, (eg. ) 2G/3G.

82 2G/3G 2G 3G 2G 3G, 2G 3G 3G 2G,, 3G 2G 2G 3G, 2G 3G 3G 2G 3G, 2G 3G (technology neutral) SMS, SMS. SMS SMS,. 40) (2) ( ) 40) 10 SMS, SMS.

3 83 100%.. ( ). SK 2003, PCS.. ( ) CPP(Calling Party Pays). CPP,,. CPP. ( ) 2002 2 KT SKT HLR.. ( ),.

84, ( ) ( ). ( ) (CPP),,., 100%, CPP,,.. EU EC 2003 (Market 16 Voice Call termination on individual mobile networks) 41) 07 (market 7. Voice call termination on individual mobile networks). EC (2007) 2G/3G, 42) 2G/3G 41) 3 Criteria Test: 1) (high and non-transitory entry barriers), 2) (structural and behavioral aspects), 3) (competition law by itself) 42), 3G SMS 2G EC.

3 85. MNO, MVNO., SMS, SMS. 3 3 EU (3G ) (3G ) (3G ) (3G ) (3G ) 2005 MVNO MNO (3G ) 2007 MVNO (3G ) (3G ) (3G ) (3G ) MVNO (3G ) SMS (3G ) (3G ) (3G ) (3G ) MVNO (3G ) MVNO (3G ) MVNO ) EU Market 16 EC. 3G (2006 EC, MNO 2G/3G 2G/3G. 43) Ofcom

86, MNO 2G/3G. 44), EC (2007) SMS, SMS NRA. EU SMS. ComReg SMS, ), ), ). 45) SMS (cluster), 2006. SMP 100% (countervailing buyer power),,, CPP (arrangements), 43) EC, Voice call termination on individual mobile networks: Overview of notifications assessed until 31 March 2007 : To the extent that a MNO operates both a 2G and a 3G network, there seems to be substitution from the supplyside between 2G and 3G termination services(at least for calls to customers with a dual mode handset). In such a case, both services would also from the demand-side appear to be substitutable. Therefore, the Commission would like to invite OCECPR to reconsider whether on a forwardlooking basis 3G termination services do not already at this stage belong to the same market as 2G services... 44) Ofcom(2007), p.11. 45) ComReg(2004), p.18.

3 87,. EU / 2G/3G 2003 2G 3G 3G EC, 3G (roll-out) 3G, EC, 3G EU 2G 3G, 3G SMS 2G EC EU 2G/3G 2G/3G (cluster) (2003) not specified, SMS (2004), SMS (2004), SMS (2004), SMS (2005), SMS (2005) not specified, SMS (2005, 2008) (2006) (2006) (2006), SMS, (2006), SMS (2007), SMS, (2007) not specified, SMS, (2008), SMS, :,, 2G/3G

88, SMS (cluster), SMS 2006, SMS 2005,. EU 2G/3G,,,,,,, 3G (Cullen International, 2008. 3) 2G 3G. 2G 3G. 2007 3, Ofcom Mobile Call Termination Statement 2007 4 1 2011 3 31., 2G + 3G 2G 3G, 2G 3G. 2G 3G 2G+3G Ofcom. 2G 3G, 2G 3G

3 89 (technologically neutral). 3.. EU 2G/3G, 2G/3G. 3G 46), 2G 3G., 3G 2G MSC. 2G MSC 3G 3G SK (glide path) 2G/3G. SK KT / MSC, 2G CGS penalty., SK KT MSC. 46) 2009 10 3G 2,407 50%.

90 5 1. 2004 12,, full-connectivity,. 1, 2, SO 2. 2. (1) 47) KT,, LG 1 3, 1 3 90%. KT 1 3 (SO), MSO,, 2.,,,,. 2 1 47) (2009c).

3 91 ISP. 2, ISP IDC. 3 (SO) HFC CP, IDC(DMC). (Inbound) (outbound). (2) 1. 1, 2 /3, 1. SO, (aggregation) 2004,.. KT 3. KT SO, 1 /2 3 KT. KT..

92 (peering) (transit),., ( 4 ),. 3. ( ). LG SK KT KT 3 2, 2005 SK LG KT,.,., ISP, KT LG /SK ISP. KT, paid peering ( ).,

3 93,. SO ISP aggregation ISP, ISP KT KT.,, ISP. ) ISP, ) ISP., ISP. /,, /, CP.

94 4 1 IP ( ) 1. IP IP.,, VoIP,,,. IPTV..,,.,, VoIP PSTN, /, all-ip.,.

4 95 B&K CBI. 2. (1) B&K(Bill & Keep) B&K. ML B&K, 1980 LL, LEC (reciprocal compensation) ML. B&K ) CPNP(Calling Party Network Pays), ), ), ),.,. 4 1 B&K CPNP B&K CPNP ( ), (,, ) (,, ) Ramsey pricing Ramsey pricing,, Ramsey pricing

96 (2) (CBI; Capacity Based Interconnection) CBI (peak-time) ( ),,.. (2001), (2000) CBI CBI,, (MCU),. 4 2 CBI CBI, EBI, CBI + EBI : CBI/EBI (MCU: Minimum Capacity Unit) 64Kbps: 2Mbps(64Kbps 120 ) 320Kbps(=5 64Kbps): 2Mbps + CBI, EBI, CBI + EBI ( EBI/CBI ) 2 2Mbps(E1 ), (, 2Mbps ) ( ) CBI ), ), ), ).,,.

4 97 4 3 CBI CBI : CBI / : :, 3. CBI B&K. CBI B&K,,., /, CBI B&K.. IP.,, B&K, CBI,.,

98. 2 (FMC) 1. (Fixed Mobile Convergence) (seamless) (ERG 2009). 48),...,,. 10 KT, SK FMC(Fixed Mobile Convergence)/FMS(Fixed Mobile Substitution). KT 10 20 QOOK&SHOW FMC, SKT 09 11 FMS.,, 48), OECD(2007), (2007), (2009).

4 99. 2. FMC. FMC FMC. (2005) 49),, 3., VPN,,,.., (Onephone) (InfoMobile).. IP. ACMA(2008) FMC,,. FMC,. 49) (2005), pp.14 21.

100 FMC. (Network convergence) FMC IP (NGN: Next Generation Networks) IP (access network). 4 1 (2004), p.11. ERG(2009) 50) FMC 4. FMC home cell home zone., home zone, MNO, MVNO. 50) ERG(2009), Report on fixed-mobile convergence: implications on competition and regulatory aspects, 2009. 3.

4 101, 1) Wi-Fi, Bluetooth microcells 2), 3) VoIP. EU FMC Wi-Fi microcells. 4 4 FMC (2004) ACMA(2008) ERG(2009) FMC FMC FMC (WiFi ) FMC FMC M-VoIP FMC. FMC FMC (ERG 2009).. FMC 51), Wi-Fi,, M-VoIP FMC,. (1) FMC FMC 51) ERG(2009). FMC. (2009).

102., home zone.. home zone ( home zone / ). home zone, SMS. (MNO) (Full MVNO). (2) Wi-Fi FMC FMC UMA(Unauthorized Mobile Access) Wi-Fi 2G/3G (GSM- Wi-Fi UMTS-Wi-Fi ). (hot spot) ( ) Wi-Fi VoIP, ( ). UMA,,,. Wi-Fi ( ) ) Wi-Fi /, ) WiFi / Wi-Fi. 52), VoIP. MSC 52) BSC(Base Station Controller).

4 103 MSC UMA (Uma Network Controller; UMC) IP AP. 4 2 UMA FMC ERG(2009), p.7 (eg. HLR. MNO, full MVNO. (3) FMC, FMC.

104 4 3 : (2009), pp.18 19. (Femtocell) IP, UNC(UMA Network Controller) SIP G/W.,., (, DSL, FTTx)

4 105. Sprint, Softbank FMC. 3G (CDMA2000, UMTS, UMB, LTE) WiMax. 5 8, (manual configuration)., ), ) (capacity), ),,,. MNO. 3G,. (4) M-VoIP 53) M-VoIP, Wi-Fi, 3G(HSDPA), Wimax VoIP(VoIP over mobile). ADSL, VoIP Wi-Fi, WLAN, 3G,. M-VoIP., Wi-Fi 53) M-VoIP (2009).

106 + (FMC). VoIP..,,,, (Fring), (Nimbuzz), (Truephone)., 54). VoIP. 3, KT WCDMA/. 4 4 M-VoIP 54). (2009).

4 107. (FMC) (1) ACMA(2008) 2006 UMA 2007/2008 (dual mode) FMC UMA (ACMA 2008). 4 5 UMA FMC (2004 2007) BT Saunalahti Motorola v560 UMA Bluetooth 2005 11 Fusion 1 2004 Saunalahti MNO Elisa MVNO UMA. 2006 Saunalahti, Telecom Italia Telecom Italia Unica 2006 FT Orange TeliaSonera T-Mobile FT Orange 2007 5 UMA-ready FMC. Unik, Unique. 2004 2005 TeliaSonera Ericsson Motorola UMA 2006 HomeFree 2006 T-Mobile Hotspot@Home : BuddeComm based on industry sources, ACMA(2008) BT Fusion. BT 2006 Fusion WiFi / Wi-Fi BT hub. UNC BT hub GSM BSC.,.

108 4 5 BT Fusion : Ovum(2005), BT Fusion: convergence or confusion? ERG(2009) EU FMC, Wi-Fi/2G 3G., MVNO. Wi-Fi AP, FMC ( ). FMC (WiFi/ ), ( / ), ( / ). WiFi WiFi/ADSL. WiFi,

4 109. 4 6 FMC WiFi Wi-Fi WiFi/ADSL FMC Wi-Fi FMC Wi-Fi WiFi/ADSL Wi-Fi (homezone) ( ) Cullen International(2007), pp.5 8. (homezone) / BT Fusion( ), Orange Unique(,, ) TeliaSonera Home Free( ), DT T-One( ) ( ) O2 Genion, Vodafone Zuhause( ) WiFi, WiFi,. M-VoIP VoIP VoIP., MS,, (Fring), MVNO Truephone.

110 4 7 FMC WiFi WiFi, WiFi, Cullen International(2007), pp.9 11. BT Fusion(UK), Orange Unique(F, NL, UK), Telecom Italia TIMUnica(IT) TeliaSoneraHome Free(DK)-subscriber is informed by a bip tone DeutscheTelekomT-One(D), Neuf CegetelTWIN(F) BT Fusion(UK), DeutscheTelekomT-One(D), Neuf CegetelTWIN(F) BT Fusion(UK), Orange Unique(F), Free(F) TeliaSoneraHome Free(DK), Orange Unique(NL, UK), Telecom Italia TIMUnica(IT) TeliaSoneraHome Free(DK), Neuf CegetelTWIN(F), Orange Unique(F), DeutscheTelekomT-One(D) BT Fusion(UK), Free(F), Telecom Italia TIMUnica(IT), Orange Unique(NL, UK) (2) KT 10 20 QOOK&SHOW FMC. WiFi (VoIP. WiFi. KT. (,. 4 ( 3.5 9.5, 3. SKT 09 11

4 111 FMS. SKT FMC 5 50m ( 55). SKT FMS KT FMC. ML 3 39, MM 10 13. 2,000 1. 4 8 KT FMC SKT FMS FMS(SKT) FMC(KT) ( 50m) (AP) m (WiFi) (2,000 ) (WiFi) WiFi ( 2,000 ) ( ) M-VoIP FMC., 55) 2006 LGT,,.

112. 2008 WiBro 010 M-VoIP,, 3G. KT M-VoIP 56). 3.. FMC/FMS. KT FMC, VoIP. ( ), VoIP AP. VoIP. SKT FMS ( ). 56) (2009. 11. 23), KT. KT mvoip.

4 113. Wi-Fi 3G, (Femtocell),,.,. (PoI, (topology. AP, ( or.,. VoIP.. SK, KT,. 2G/3G M-VoIP, Wibro M-VoIP. WiBro 010 WiBro M-VoIP M-VoIP M-VoIP. WiBro M-VoIP (HRL), ( ), G/W, G/K,., HLR,, G/W, G/K,. M-VoIP WiBro Best effort VoIP.. FMC

114.., PoI.. OECD(2007), B&K. M-VoIP, M-VoIP. M-VoIP, M-VoIP PSTN/ /, M-VoIP. VoIP,,. WiBro VoIP.

5 115 5,,. /, VoIP PSTN,, 2G/3G,., /, FTA,,.,. RIO., VoIP PSTN Ofcom, IP, legacy PSTN. Ofcom IP/BcN legacy.

116, EC,,,, 800Mhz 2012 2012 ( : 2 ) 3 glide path., 2G/3G, 3G 2G MSC.,, KT ( ) paid peering ( ). 4 IP ( ) (FMC). IP, B&K, CBI,.,. FMC

5 117 ), ), PoI, ) M-VoIP, M-VoIP. /, VoIP PSTN,, 2G/3G 2010.,,. IP ( ) (FMC),,.

118 (2009),,, 09-27, 2009. 11. (2009),,, 2009. 9. 9. (2007), All-IP, 07-19. (2008a), All-IP ( ), 08-05. (2008b), All-IP,,, 08-10. (2008c), 2007,, 08-24, 2008. 12. (2008),,, 08-52, 2008. 12. (2009a), 2008,, 09-62, 2009. 12. (2009b),,, 09-29, 2009. 11. (2009c),,, 09-03, 2009. 12. (2009), M-VoIP,, 2009. 7.

119 (2009),. (2009), Femtocell: Definition, architecture, issues, KISDI. (2008), 3G, 1349, 2008. 6. 4. (2007),,, 07-69, 2007. 12 (2005),,, 05-09, 2005. 12. (2007),, KISDI, 07-05, 2007. 7. 5. (2006), New Competition Promotion Program 2010, Draft Report of the Study Group on a Framework for Competition Rules to Address the Transition to IP-Based Networks. (2009),, 2009. 8. 16. ACMA(2008), Fixed-Mobile Convergence Fixed-Mobile Substitution in Australia, 2008. 8. Analysys(2008), The business case for fibre-based access in the Netherlands-Final Report for OPTA. Analysys mason(2008), Assessment of the UK mobile sector-final report for Ofcom. Benzoni, Laurent and Patrice Geoffron(2007), A collection of Essays on Competition and Regulation with Asymmetries in Mobile Markets ComReg(2004), Notification: wholesale voice call termination on individual mobile networks

120 CRA International(2007), Economic study on IP interworking. Cullen International(2007), Fixed-Mobile Convergence-Market and Regulatory Trends in Western Europe, 2007. 3. Kennet, D. Mark and Eric K. Ralph(2006), Efficient Interconnection Charges and Capacity-based Pricing, IEEP 4: 135 158. EC(2008), European Electronic Communications Regulation and Markets, 13th Progress Report. EC(2009), Commission recommendation on the regulatory treatment of fixed and mobile termination rates in the EU. ERG(2007), Final Report on IP interconnection ERG(2008), ERG Common position on symmetry of fixed call termination rates and symmetry of mobile call termination rates, ERG(07) 83 final 080312, 2008. 2. 28. ERG(2009. 3), Report on Fixed-Mobile Convergence: Implications on competition and regulatory aspects. FCC(2000), A Competitively Neutral Approach to Network Interconnection, OPP Working Paper Series, 2000. 12. infodev(2000), Telecommunications Regulation Handbook Module 3 Interconnection ITU(2007), Trends in Telecommunication reform 2007-The Road to NGN. Marcus, J. Scott(2008), Network Interconnection: CPNP, Bill and Keep and the Evolution to IP, Wik-Consult. Marcus, J. Scott and Dieter Elixmann(2008), The Future of IP Interconnection: Technical, Economic, and Public Policy Aspects, Wik-Consult. OECD(2007), Fixed-Mobile Convergence: market developments and policy issues, DSTI/ICCP/CISP(2006) 4/FINAL, 2007. OECD(2008), Broadband Portal. Ofcom(2004), Next Generation Networks: Future arrangement for access and interconnection

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