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1 The Sea Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography Vol. 12, No. 3, pp , August 2007 [Note] n n { o d ršp 1 * 1 o 2 1 rn m, 2 mnp m n Change in Fish Species Composition in the Saemangeum Reservoir after the Construction of Dike in TAE WON LEE 1 *, HAKBIN HWANG 1 AND SUNWAN HWANG 2 1 Department of Oceanography, Chungnam National University, Daejeon , Korea 2 Marine Resources Research Division, KORDI,GAnsan P.P. Box 29, Seoul , Korea sr 4 p m p o o p l r otter trawl l }v l l ssp rp p tp p qm m. s t 35s, 8,960, 53,084.4 gp l }vlp, lsp rl(konosirus punctatus), (Synechogobius hasta) kˆ(repomucenus lunatus), osp (Engraulis japonicus)m (Scomberomorus niphonius) nr l p 5sp r~ ~p 95% v m. sm }vp p lkllm p pl tsp t pl. ll osp l sm }vp q kp, nl 2sp }vl ~ q k. p p rlp kp v m, perp l m m p n lp skv ll vl otter trawll perp }vl sp nr kr. p pr }vl t (Leiognathus nuchalis), rl(neosalanx jordani), (Chaeturichthys stigmatias) p p }vv kk. l p tp l 1,149 inds./10,000 m 2, 12,644 g/10,000 m 2 l l, p p l 7,467 inds./10,000 m 2, 44,237 g/10,000 m 2, ~ 6 p, ~ 3 p k. l s v(r)m skv(h') l R=0.0160, H'=2.47l l l R=0.0038, H'=1.11 kr. p p lp tl vp l e l r p sl s vm skv kv, sp nr kv p p. Seasonal variation in species composition of fish in the Saemangeum Reservoir was determined using seasonal samples collected by an otter trawl from April 2006 to February 2007 after the dike construction, and compared with the data obtained during the dike construction in A total of 35 species, 8,960 individuals and 53,084.4 g of fish were collected during the study. Of the fish collected, brackish and coastal fishes such as Konosirus punctatus, Synechogobius hasta and Repomucenus lunatus, and migrant fishes such as Engraulis japonicus and Scomberomorus niphonius predominated in abundance accounting for 95% in the total number of individuals. Fish species composition and abundance showed a similar seasonal trend to those in the other western coastal waters of Korea. The resident species were mainly collected in spring and in autumn. The number of species and biomass were high in summer by the large amount of catch of migrating species. Catch was low in winter and only 2 species were collected. A brackish and coastal fish, K. punctatus and two migrant fishes, E. japonicus and S. niphonius were abundantly collected after the dike construction. However, the dominant fishes during the dike construction such as Leiognathus nuchalis, Neosalanx jordani and Chaeturichthys stigmatias were rarely collected. Fish density was 1,149 inds./10,000 m 2 and 12,644 g/10,000 m 2 during the dike construction, and increased 6 times in the number of individuals (7,467 inds./10,000 m 2 ) and 3 times in biomass (44,237 g/10,000 m 2 ) after the dike construction. Annual species richness (R) and species diversity (H') decreased from R= and H'=2.47 during the dike construction in to R= and H'=1.11 after dike construction in , respectively. These changes seemed to be related to the reduction of the saline area and degradation of water quality in Semangeum Reservoir after the dike construction. Keywords: Estuarine fish, Yellow Sea, Saemangeum, Dike effect *Corresponding author: twlee@cnu.ac.kr 191
2 192 pˆo m sr p 33 kmp, } r 40,100 ha t s p rp 20,000 hap(lv, 1998) eql o p l, e p o p. sr pr s 6 ml mp, p o sq l v s 2 m rp p ml (, 2006b). sr rl s (, 2006b), v (, 2006a), r (, 2006; n, 2006) kl m (o, 2002; r, 2002; p, 2003; k, 2006;, 2006)p Žk o p s l. sr p ml p o s tl s ov l, o p v p pp(, 2006), o p tl op o p p p v lp lp tl p. p p r qnp rvrp kˆ l m p. lkp l rpo p p ssp rvrp. k }l sr p tq q vp l rvrp l ss (pm, 1995; p, 1996, 1998; p, 1997). ll sr tp qm p m p q pf sr p k l m p pp p. m lkp mp r e l rl l s s e (Allen and Horn, 1975; McErlean et al., 1973; pm, 1995; p, 1996, 1998). nl p p tsp rn n l o, tsp nl n p ep p p p. l sm p r, p l mp d n l o l p m, olp pv l p p ov (Lee and Seok 1984). l p p ov l (Engraluis japonicus), p (Sardinella zunasi), ~(Thryssa kammalensis) p o l, ˆ(Johnius grypotus)m p o l (Cynoglossus joyneri)p(pm, 1995; p, 1996, 1998). } ll tsp lp p p ov ( p, 1999; p p, 1990; p, 1997; pm, 2002). sr p o o l pp tl, l lp lv rml rp v l p tl p m. l rlm l, rl ll l pp k l lk ll m p t rl p }v r otter trawlp pn(livingston, 1976; Horn, 1980; Allen, 1982; p, 1993, 1996). rl q p(sample variation) e l e p rq v o q p p Žk p p rr}v p n(taylor, 1953; Lenarz and Adams, 1980). qp p p e, p ˆ p }v l lp l p l r. k rl p l l p tk p p ll(p, 1991), s e rrp p p op v kk(p, 1993). ll s e rr p r p sl p p, rvp r p p p p r, l pm d p m. ll sr p v r otter trawl l }v l ssp r p Žk, sr tp p p v ss q(p, 2003)m l p p l l ss p m. m sr p p o, 7o 11o ol sr ll 2p rrl otter trawlp pn l l }v m(fig. 1). rr 1(St. 1)p s r pr l, rr 2(St. 2) v lpl p. }vl pn otter trawlp p 6 m, mp p 2 m, (wing net) q(cod end)p p 25 mm, 16 mmmp, tp k 120 m rm. s rrl 1.5 km/hrp 30j mp mp, rr 1 }vrp k 1,500 m 2 l. }v q q l e e n, s ~ Fig. 1. Map showing the sampling sites of fish by an otter trawl in the Saemangeum Reservoir.
3 p p l ss 193 m ~p r m. l~p ~qp 1 mmv, ~tp 0.1 gv r m. sp rl r(1977), Masuda et al.(1984), Nakabo(1993)m (2005)p pn m. Wilcoxonp signedrank test pn l rp ssp rrp p p op v kk(p>0.05) rp q 2 rrp q 3,000 m 2 r m. rp q ~ p Shannon-Wienerp skv(h') m (Shannon and Weaver, 1949). p pr l ss m o, p p r s p (2003)p qm m. l s s 7ol 2002l 8ol mp lkl 7o 8op l ssp d l p se m }vl r 4p rrl otter trawlp 30j mp l }v ll r 2p rrl 30j }v l r l 2 }vrp 3,000 m 2, l l } vr 10,000 m 2 l m. ls Margalef (1958)p s v(r)p s(s)m ~(n) m. R = (S-1)/ln(n) Table 1. Seasonal variation in species composition of fishes collected by an otter trawl in the SaemangeumG Reservoir from April 2006 to February N and W represent the number of individuals andgbiomass (wet weight in g) per 2 trawl hauls (ca. 3,000 m 2 ), respectively. Sampling time April July November February Total Species GGGN GGGGW GGN GGGW GGGN GGW GGGN GW GGGN GGW Acanthogobius elongata (m ) Acanthogobius lactipes ( ) Acanthogobius luridus ( ) Acanthopagrus schlegeli () Apogon lineatus (l) Argyrosomus argentatus ( ) Chaeturichthys hexanema ( ) Chelon haematocheilus (l) Coilia nasus (ol) Cynoglossus semilaevis () Engraulis japonicus ( ) Favonigobius gymnauchen () Hemitripterus villosus () Hexagrammos otakii (u) Johnius grypotus (ˆ) Konosirus punctatus (rl) Mugil cephalus (l) Onigocia spinosa (kˆ) Pampus argenteus (l) Paralichthys olivaceus ( ) Pholis fangi ( ) Platycephalus indicus (kˆ) Pleuronichthys cornutus () Repomucenus beniteguri(kˆ) Repomucenus koreanus ( kˆ) Repomucenus lunatus (kˆ) Repomucenus ornatipinnis (kˆ) Scomberomorus niphonius ( ) Sebastes inermis () Synechogobius hasta ( ) Syngnathus schlegeli (e) Takifugu niphobles () Thryssa kammalensis (~) Tridentiger trigonocephalus (t) Zoarces gilli (e ) Total Number of species Species diversity (H')
4 194 pˆo m po s k 35s, 8,960, 53,084.4 gp l }v l(table 1). }v l n, s } ll t e l l(gobiidae) 7sp q k, lk l t kˆ l(callionymidae) 4s, o l p ~l l(clupeiformes)p 4s }vl. l t t (Leiognathus nuchalis), rl(konosirus punctatus), p rl t (Argyrosomus argentatus), ˆ p l p p p m q np o o n o lplp, lk r l q l, l p l t lpl. l (Synechogobius hasta)p 4r, l (Chelon haematochelius) 3r mp, (Favonigobius gymnauchen)p 6sp 2r mp v 27sp rl l rl ss e m. }vl rl ~p 72.0%, ~p 43.8% v l q k, pp ~p 11.0%, ~ p 2.5%, p 8.7%m 31.8% v m. pom n s ol 18sp q k, 7ol 15s, 11ol 11sp mp, 2ol 2sp q rl(fig. 2). }v ~m ~p 7ol q k, 11ol l 2o l q rl. r ol 18s, 1066, gp l }vl. }v lp p lk r ls pl. kˆ(repomucenus ornatipinnis) 22, kˆ (Repomucenus beniteguri) 14 (Takifugu niphobles)p 12 }vl v sp 10 p }vl. 7ol 15s, 7,731, 40,515.3 gp }vl lt }vs m }vp q k. }v 15s n 12sp 4ol } vv kp splp, l osp ˆ, rl, l(pampus argenteus), (Scomberomorus niphonius) p }vl. r l 6,448 }vl ~p 83% v m,,, kˆ(repomucenus lunatus) 100 p }vl v sp 100 p }vl. 11ol 11s, 1,101, 9,135.2 gp l }vl 7ol l }vp m. 7ol p }vl rl l }vv k k, kˆ }vv kk, p k p m. 984 }vl ~l 89% v m ol 21 m l 1 l }vv kk, sm ~p lt q k. ssp r r~rp 4ol tsp t mp, nr p sp p ll skv 2.54 s t q k. 7ol ol sp l s p plp rlp nr k skv ol l k. 11ol m rn osp p v kkp }vl skv 0.49 k. 2ol 2sl }vv kk skv 0.18 q k mjm sm p lm }v p sr tp r 4rrl }v l 45s 2,758, 30,346.8 g m, l 4 r 2 rrl }v l 35s 8,960, 53,084.4 gm(table 2). s e p sp 22s, l sp 23 s, l sp 13 spl. s t l t, r l(neosalanx jordani), (Chaeturichthys stigmatias) p o lm, rl, kˆ, kˆ(platycephalus indicus) p lk l 100 p }vl, l rl,, kˆm p lk lm op m 100 p }vl. p (2003)l p l l (Liparis tesselatus) kl sp (L. tanakai)p p (pers. comm.,, o). ep rl s 4ol 18sp kp l p l l l rl(fig. 2). r 2 mpr 3,000 m 2 ~m ~p 2ol l k kp 7/8op 11ol l k 2ol p k. skv(h') 2ol 2.31( ) 2.54( ) d mp l p l l l k. l l l 1,149 /10,000 m 2, 12,644 g/10,000 m 2, l ~ 6 p, ~ 3 p k. l s v (R)m skv(h') l R=0.0160, H'=2.47 l l l R=0.0038, H'=1.11 k. m l rlm l, rl ll l pp k l ll m p t rl p }v r otter trawlp pnl(livingston, 1976; Horn, 1980; Allen, 1982; p, 1993, 1996), ll otter trawlp pn m. p p vl l, rl vl p kr pp(taylor, 1953), pm p kl pl(p, 1991). p v l, }v rp veˆ e v(lenarz and Adams, 1980). ll p (2003) p ll p p s mp p (2003)p 4 rr t s l 2 rrl q v m. s lp rl l m p rv p o, lp ol l rrp o rr p p l p Ž. p (2003)p ll s otter trawl 30 2 m p p }v v }vs lv l sp p rp s(rare species) skv
5 p p l ss 195 Table 2. Comparison in annual species composition of fishes collected by an otter trawl in the Saemangeum Reservoir during ( ) and after dike construction ( ). It was suggested recently that Liparis tesselatus reported in the Yellow Sea might be an error of L tanakai. See text for details. Sampling time Species GGN W GGN W Synechogobius hasta ( ) Konosirus punctatus (rl) Repomucenus lunatus (kˆ) Platycephalus indicus (kˆ) Argyrosomus argentatus ( ) Takifugu niphobles () Johnius grypotus (ˆ) Thryssa kammalensis (~) Favonigobius gymnauchen () Acanthogobius luridus ( ) Mugil cephalus (l) Repomucenus koreanus ( kˆ) Hexagrammos otakii (u) Coilia nasus (ol) Acanthopagrus schlegeli () Chaeturichthys hexanema ( ) Paralichthys olivaceus ( ) Tridentiger trigonocephalus (t) Syngnathus schlegeli (e) Pholis fangi ( ) Chelon haematocheilus (l) Pleuronichthys cornutus () Leiognathus nuchalis (t ) Neosalanx jordani (rl) Chaeturichthys stigmatias () Cynoglossus joyneri ( ) Sillago japonica (~) Acentrogobius pellidebilis (rt) Sebastes schlegeli (s ) Sphyraena pinguis ( ) Tridentiger barbatus (kq) Hapalogenys nitens () Paraplagusia japonica ( ) Plectorhynchus cinctus (l) Sardinella zunasi (p) Liparis tesselatus () Thryssa adelae ( p) Chaenogobius mororanus (l) Cociella crocodila (vkˆ) Collichthys lucidus ( p) Zebrias zebra (r) Conger myriaster (ql) Lophiomus setigerus (k) Pampus echinogaster () Pungitius sinensis (e) Engraulis japonicus ( ) Scomberomorus niphonius ( ) Onigocia spinosa (kˆ) Repomucenus ornatipinnis (kˆ)
6 196 pˆo m Table 2. (Continued) Sampling time Species GGN W GGN W Cynoglossus semilaevis () Pampus argenteus (l) Repomucenus beniteguri(kˆ) Acanthogobius lactipes ( ) Sebastes inermis () Acanthogobius elongata (m ) Apogon lineatus (l) Hemitripterus villosus () Zoarces gilli (e ) Total Number of species Annual species richness (R) Annual species diversity (H') Mean abundance (/10,000 m 2 ) 1, ,467 44,237 Fig. 2. Seasonal variation in the number of species, number of individuals (log N/3,000 m 2 ), biomass (log W/3,000 m 2 ) and species diversity index (H') of fish collected by an otter trawl in the Saemanguem Reservoir during ( , dashed line) and after the dike construction ( , solid line). 2 mp p lv kk sp s e 2rr }v q s e ss q pnp p Ž. Otter trawlp rp mp l l, kˆ, q lm p l pl t l l p rlp rp }v, e p l, rl, m p l p }v. lp perp r l mp prl }vl }vp s lp p m m l. lkp lp l r l l l p p p l l otter trawl }vp mp n lp pp kv, ep kp p lp pp kv p l( m, 1998; m k, 2000). sp lp ep k l otter trawl p mp l l sp lp }vl. l sl otter trawl l pp rlm d s p, p p sp pp p m sp l p kr pv kk l p v k ssp mp, p nr l otter trawl set netp }vp l ll ˆl l p m. sr tp l 45s, 1,149 inds/10,000 m 2, 12,644 g/10,000 m 2 l l, p p p sl 35s, 7,467 inds./10,000 m 2, 44,237 g/10,000 m 2 p }vl s rl k(table 3). s e }v r p }v p kp l r 4 rrl }v m, s ( )l r 2 rrl }v l }v s tl l. s otter trawl }v r(mp )p p rs 2 r l l 4 r l(p, 2003) 44% v m, kl(p, 1991) 35% v m. p s 45sl 35sp 29% p }vr pl p p p p ls m
7 p p l ss 197 Table 3. Comparison of fish species composition in the Saemangeum Reservoir by an otter trawl after (present study) and during dike construction (Lee et al., 2003), and by a set net (Hwang, 2006). Refer to Table 2 for full genus name. Source present study Lee et al. (2003) Hwang (2006) Sampled year Sampling gear otter trawl otter trawl set net Mesh size at cod end (mm) mm mm 1-3 mm Sampling interval seasonal seasonal monthly Total number of species Mean density (ind./10,000m 2 ) 7,467 1,149 - Mean biomass (g/10,000m 2 ) 44,237 12,644 - Annual species diversity Dominant species K. punctatus (72.0%) L. nuchalis (35.7%) C. haematocheilus (23.4%) E. japonicus (11.0%) S. hasta (10.6%) K. punctatus (20.8%) S. hasta (8.7%) N. jordani (9.6%) N. jordani (18.2%) S. niphonius (2.2%) K. punctatus (6.2%) S. zunasi (8.2%) C. stigmatias (6.1%) S. hasta (7.6%) T. kammalensis (6.2%) l. }v ~ s v(r) p pr 0.016l p m. l p ~ 6 p, ~ 3 p v l p l sl p pp. sp nrsp rl n l o l p lp lm pv p ll q sp(lee, 1983), p t otter trawlp set netl nrspl(table 3). nrs t p r rp rl, rlm p p tl otter trawlp set netl nrspl. pp n r m l, p t otter trawl p set netl }vv kk sl }v l. n l vl p }k p l p rl perp p lp p l p. p m p ~rp 70% 50% tl lp tl p ml (, 2006a). pm p p nk lp p lp skr sp otter trawll }v p r. otter trawlp ll l p l vl }vlp p, p p sl p }vv kkp p tl }vl nrl t, rl,, l, p p. t 1980 tv lkl q l sl p }vv kk lk q l nl tp kp(, 1990;, 1985), por e lv v, k p l q l n p sp tp v m(o, 1992; m, 1994), t ll 1980v p }vv kk p 1990 p eq l kp v p p sp(pm, 1995; p, 1996; p, 1997). p q l ll p tl t p t p v mp, p p }vv kp p m l rp pv }vp ˆ pv kp l n sp. rl lkl nl p p o lp m sp p tv n nrsplp p }vv kk p p o lpp pl r p p r. p l l t r p l e rl(p p, 1990), nl p p p p p p v kkp p p. l ll t l pp l l p set netl nrsplp(table 3) otter trawll }vp rl l p otter trawll rp }vv kp p r. }v 4 r k }vlsp, sr tl 3sp rrl }vl, 3sp 3r, 8sp 2r l }vlp, p p sl 1s p rrl }vl, l 1sp 2 r 6sp 2 rl }vl, }vlsp p prl l k. }vs }vr vl v l r }v rr rrl l sl 2rrp tl }vlsp tlp pv, r 2 p }vl sp t l(p, 2003), }vlsp q p Ž. op p prl l p }v r(mp )p ls p lv tn lsp l p wkrpp. pp p p lp skv vp r(, 2006) l ssl m p t p p, kp p m v tnlsp pl m l n. lskv(annual species diversity index) p tp 2.47l p 1.11 kr p k p l e}p ss ppp. m lp rl ss e l rl
8 198 pˆo m sp nr l rp skv e v, rp q l ssl r nrsp nr kr lskv r skv, m p p p ll p v q jp pp p Ž. p s kv kv p lp rlp kp v m, perp l m m p l p s otter trawll perp }vl sp nr kv, p pr }vl t, rl, p p }vv kk, o lsm } v tl p m p p. p tl p sr p l v rp (, 2006b), v r qnp (, 2006a; n, 2006;, 2006), k p mp(o, 2002; r, 2002; p, 2003; k, 2006), l r rp p ˆ rp sk v kp(p, 2003;, 2006), p m p lp tl vp l k rp v, vl lk lp pe rp }vl s vm skv kv p p. q v p mt l r, k m,, ql. p p 2005 lp vol p l llpp š. y l v s k l (III), l, 326 pp. mˆ, rn, }ot, p o, m, o, kq, 2006a. s vp pn p r t v. k v-, 11: p, o, p, pnt, v, v, l., n, 615 pp. s, oq, ˆ, e, n t lp ql. k v, 7: v, t,,,, p, m}, p, 2006a. }q pn rq e : ol l l. k v-, 11: }, p, mˆ,, p, m, rnv, 2006b. 4 sr m r HF p M2 sp. k v-, 11: ˆ,, s m. k v-, 11: lv, } s. lv l. pp do, sm, o. 2006a. l p n lp m p. k k v, 18: do, sm, p m, 2006b. o ov o nm k p. k v-, 11: k, pq, n t, t, p, oqo, rs, sr p s r v. Ocean Polar Res., 28: n t, qo, k, q, t, p r. Ocean Polar Res., 28: om, r v, eq, ql, pq, po,, v, s, r y lp o rs l 1, 1999 l-p e Šp er. k v-, 7: oq,, pp, ps, v p o l ql. kl, 14: pˆo, k rl I. rr }v. v, 24: pˆo, k rl. III. rr kr ss. v, 26: pˆo, } lp ss. 1. rl. v, 29: pˆo, } lp ss. 3. l. v, 31: pˆo, ˆ k } } l l ssp r. l v, 14: pˆo, ˆ, }, sr tp l l ssp r. v, 36: pˆo, ˆ, e, } lp ss 2. } Ž l. l v, 9: pˆo, m, k rl. IV. ssp 3. v, 28: pkq, pˆo, } l(family Gobiidae) lp rl ss m nrsp ˆ. l v, 2: r, l. pv, n. 727 pp. r v, om, q, r y lp o rs l 2, 1999 l-p smk mm p er. k v-, 7: e, q, v p o q lp k. k v, 26: e, oq, s, lklp q l vp r. k v, 25: ,, rpl }v lk l lp ss r. l v, 10: , kn, t l lp ss r 1. rpl }v l. v 33: m, lp k e} pn. o, 145 pp., pˆo, k } l el l ssp r. l v 11: Allen, L.G., Seasonal abundance, composition and productivity of the littoral fish assemblage in upper Newport Bay. Fish. Bull.
9 p p l ss 199 U. S., 80: Allen, L.G. and M.H. Horn, Abundance, diversity and seasonality of fishes in Colorado Lagoon, Alamitos Bay, California. Estuarine Coastal Mar. Sci., 3: Horn, M.H Diel and seasonal variation in abundance and diversity ofshallow-water fish populations in Morro Bay. California. Fish. Bull. U. S., 78: Lee, T.W., Age composition and reproducticve period of shad, Konosirus punctatus, in Cheonsu Bay. J. Oceanol. Soc. Korea., 18: Lee, T.W. and K.J. Seok, Seasonal fluctuations in abundance and species composition of fishes in Cheonsu Bay using trap net catches. J. Oceanol. Soc. Korea, 19: Lenarz, W.H. and P.B. Adams, Some statistical considerations of the design of trawl surveys for rockfish (Scorpaenidae). Fish. Bull. U. S., 78: Livingston, R.J., Diurnal and seasonal fluctuations of organisms in a north Florida estuary. Estuarine Coastal Mar. Sci., 4: Margalef, R., Information theory in ecology. General Systematics, 3: Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Ueno and T. Yoshino (eds), The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokai Univ. Press, Japan, Text and Plates, 437 pp.+370 plates. McErlean, A.J., S.G. O Connor, J.A. Mihursky and C.I. Gibson, Abundance, diversity and seasonal patterns of estuarine fish populations. Estuarine Coastal Mar. Sci., 1: Nakabo, T., Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the Species. Tokai Univ. Press pp. Shannon, C.E. and W. Weaver, The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Univ. Illinois Press. 117 pp. Taylor, C.C., Nature of variability in trawl catches. Fish. Bull. U. S., 76: o 14p or o 13p r }ˆ voo: k
72 유준택ㆍ김희용ㆍ송세현ㆍ김영혜., Kim et al. (211) (5-6 ). 이각망어획물및수온 재료및방법 (Fig. 1) ,,, (cooler). Chyung (1977), Kim et al. (25) Kim
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