< B3EBC0CEB0A3C8A3C7D0C8B820B3BBC1F62DC3D6C1BE2E687770>
|
|
- 효준 감
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 노인간호학회지제 15 권제 2 호, 2013 년 8 월 J Korean Gerontol Nurs Vol. 15 No. 2, , August 2013 ISSN 최은희 권경남 영남이공대학교간호학과 Effects of Hand Acupressure on Blood Pressure of Older Adults Choi, Eun Hee Kwon, Kyung Nam School of Nursing, Yeungnam College of Science & Technology, Daegu, Korea Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hand acupressure for elders as a nursing intervention to decrease blood pressure. Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with 52 patients (experimental group: 25, control group: 27). For the experimental group, hand acupressure was given by trained research aids whom specialist recognized for their acupressure skill. The collected data were analyzed using x 2 -test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and repeated measures ANOVA with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: There were significant decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure according to time. But there was no significant difference between experimental and control group. Conclusion: Although the results of the study indicate that hand acupressure is effective in lowering blood pressure, there is a need for further study before the results can be generalized. Key Words: Acupressure, Aged, Blood pressure 서론 1. 연구의필요성노령화사회로의진입과함께노인문제에대한관심이증가하고있다. 보건복지부에서는국민건강증진계획 New Health Plan 2010 에서건강수명연장을국가시책으로지정할만큼 건강한노인 에대한국가적인관심을표명하고있는실정이다. 그러나실제로노인은여러가지건강문제를가지고있고이러한건강문제는결국에는삶의질저하를초래한다 (Nam & Shim, 2011). 이중고혈압은질병으로인한부담이높은만성질환으로국가적차원에서의대책이필요한질병이다 (Hyoung & Jang, 2011). 보건복지부와질병관리본부 (2009) 에의하면우리나라 60세이상노인의 60% 이상이고혈압을가지고있으며, 특히 70세이상의여자노인의경우에는 73.6% 로유병률이높게나타나노인에대한혈압관리가시급함을알수있다. 노인인구중고혈압환자가증가하고이들을위한간호와건강에대한관심이증가함에따라대체요법에대한노인의관심이증가하고있다 (Shin, Park, & Shin, 2004). 또한고혈 주요어 : 서암봉자극법, 노인, 혈압 Corresponding author: Choi, Eun Hee School of Nursing, Yeungnam College of Science & Technology, 170 Hyunchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu , Korea. Tel: , Fax: , eh5472@ync.ac.kr - 이연구는 2010학년도영남이공대학연구조성비지원에의한것임. - This research was supported by the Yeungnam College of Science & Technology Research Grants in 투고일 : 2013년 1월 14일 / 수정일 : 2013년 5월 27일 / 게재확정일 : 2013년 6월 5일 c 2013 Korean Gerontological Nursing Society
2 압이만성질병으로서단기적인투약이나치료보다는예방이나관리가필요한질병이라는점에서보완대체요법에관심이없었던간호사들도관심이증가하고있다 (Sung, Kim, Kim, & Park, 2006). 이는대체요법이서양의학과상호보완적인관계를유지하면서대부분이비침습적이고부작용이적을뿐만아니라인간에게총체적으로접근하는특성을가지고있어 (Ahn, 2010) 간호학에서의인간을보는관점과통하기때문이다이중수지요법은우리나라에서개발되었으며배우기쉽고부작용이적다는장점으로빠른시간에전파된대표적인보완대체요법이다. 수지요법에서인체의두뇌는손을관장하는부위가제일많으며손에인지와인식만으로도자극이전달되어인체기능을조절할수있다는것에근거를두고있다 (Yoo, 2008). 최근연구된결과에의하면수지요법은암환자의오심, 구토및식욕부진 (Lee et al., 2006), 통증완화 (Chu, 2004; Yang, 2009), 수면장애 (Hwang, 2007), 관절유연성증가 (Choi, Suh, & Suh, 2004), 폐경후기여성의우울감, 불면증및질건조감 (Shin & Song, 2007) 에긍정적인영향을미친다고보고되고되고있다. 또한국내연구뿐만아니라외국문헌에서도수술후오심과구토 (Boehler, Mitterschiffthaler, & Schlager, 2002) 에효과가있었다고보고되어유용한중재임을알수있다. 수지침뿐만아니라서암봉, 서암뜸, 수지전자빔등을사용하는 (Yoo, 2008) 수지요법은인체질병의 80~90% 이상이교감신경긴장과항진에서나타나며일정한반사점에자극을주면건강이회복된다는이론이다 (Yoo, 2010). 즉교감신경이긴장되었을경우, 수지의상응부에서도교감신경반응이나타나는데이부위에물리적자극을주면교감신경은진정된다는이론에근거한다 (Yoo, 2010). 교감신경이진정되면혈관수축이감소하며혈압감소에도움이되는것을고려할때 (Kim et al., 2012) 서암봉자극법은고혈압관리에유용한중재라할수있다. 이러한서암봉자극법의교감신경진정효과및용이성과안전성에도불구하고현재까지서암봉자극법의효과를확인하기위해혈압을측정한국내외연구는거의없었으며총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 저밀도지질단백질, 고밀도지질단백질, 항산화효소등관련변수를측정한것이대부분이었다 (Liu, Yu, Lin, & Lin, 2008; Jin et al., 2008). 유사연구로 Lee (2007) 가서암봉이아닌수지봉을사용하여경로당에소속된 32명의노인의혈압을측정하여그변화를확인한것과 Shin과 Kim (2011) 이고혈압노인여성을대상으로수지뜸과수지봉을이용한처치를한후혈압을확인한정도에 그치고있다. 서암봉자극법은피부표면을통과하는수지침과달리서암봉을이용하여피부표면을자극하기때문에안전성측면에서다른방법보다유용하므로, 효과가확인된다면자가관리프로그램으로활용가능성이크다. 또한서암봉자극법은수지봉이나수지뜸에비해대상자에게실험자가 20~30분동안직접눌러주거나뜸을해야한다는불편감이없다. 단지부착하는데 5분정도의시간만소요되며, 붙이고난뒤 2시간이상떨어지지않도록유지만하면되므로서암봉자극법을이용한처치의과학적근거는그실용성면에서도의의가있다. 이에본연구에서는서암봉자극법이노인혈압조절에미치는영향을파악하여과학적근거를마련함으로서보완대체요법활성화의기틀을마련하고자한다. 2. 연구가설 서암봉자극법을적용한실험군은대조군보다수축기혈압이감소할것이다. 서암봉자극법을적용한실험군은대조군보다이완기혈압이감소할것이다. 연구방법 1. 연구설계본연구는서암봉자극법을적용한군과적용하지않은군을비교연구하는것으로비동등성대조군전후설계를이용하였다. 2. 연구대상및기간본연구의표본크기는 G*Power 3 프로그램에서두그룹간에평균차이를확인하는분석방법을사용하여검정력.8, 효과크기.7, 유의수준을.05로했을때 26명이었다. 대상자선정은 Kang (2011) 과 Ra와 Kim (2011) 및 Park과 June (2011) 의연구에서의노인기준인 60세이상노인을대상으로하였다. 이후연구보조자가 Y대학지역사회봉사센터에등록하여관리되고있는노인과지역사회에소재하고있는 1개의노인정을방문하여연구에대한목적을설명하고실험에대한참여여부를확인하여실험에참여하려고동의한노인중서암봉자극법을원하는대상자가 27명이었으므로연구자 Vol. 15 No. 2,
3 최은희 권경남 는이들을임의로실험군으로정하였다. 실험의확산을방지하기위하여실험군의노인이포함되지않은 D복지센터를연구자가직접방문하여연구의목적을설명하고일주일에 2번의혈압측정에대한동의를한대상자 27명을대조군으로하였다. 실험군과대조군은실험초기에는각각 27명으로시작하였으나 7주의실험처치동안수지요법동안식은땀이나불편한느낌이있다고증상을호소하는대상자 2명이실험군에서제외되어결과적으로 52명의대상자가끝까지연구에참여하였다. 실험처치는 2011년 6월 21일부터 8월 5일까지 7주이었으며구체적인대상자선정기준은다음과같다. 연구목적을이해하고연구참여에자발적으로동의한자 피부에과도한과민반응이없는자 예비조사에서수축기혈압 90 mmhg, 이완기혈압 60 mmhg 이하인저혈압대상자제외 3. 윤리적측면본연구에서는실험의윤리적인측면을고려해모든실험절차에대한설명을한뒤, 언제든지실험을중지할수있으며어떠한불이익도없음을충분히설명한후에동의서를받았다. 대상자의보상측면에서는실험대상자에게는서암봉자극법에사용되는재료를 7주동안무상으로제공하였으며, 대조군에게도재료비에해당하는선물을제공하였으며본인이원한다면연구가끝난뒤서암봉자극법을시행할수있음을설명하였다. 4. 연구도구 1) 혈압계본연구의혈압측정을위해서는아네로이드식혈압계 (SANKEI, 일본 ) 13개를이용하였다. 5. 실험처치및자료수집 1) 실험처치본연구의실험처치는저혈압이없는 60세이상의노인대상자를편의표집한후연구에참여할것을동의한대상자에게실시되었다. 실험처치에사용된서암봉자극법은고려수지침에서개발된것으로뉴-서암봉 A형을사용하였다. 실험처치기간은고려수지요법학회에서 20년이상수지침사로활동한전문가의자문을받아 7주로하였다. 이는실제로수지 요법관련논문에서 6주이내실험처치가 70% 이상임을감안하였으며 (Choi & Kwon, 2010) 혈압관련수지요법을적용한연구 (Lee, 2007) 의 5주보다긴기간으로이전연구보다연구기간을연장하여실험기간에따른효과도확인할수있도록설계하였다. 횟수를결정하기위해서문헌고찰을한결과노인을대상으로수지요법을수행한 Yang (2009) 과 Lee (2007) 의연구에서는주 1회를, Ahn (2009) 과 Lee (2009) 의연구에서는주 3회를실시하여일관되지않았다. 본연구에서는 Yang (2009) 과 Lee (2007) 의주 1회처치로도효과가있었던것과 Lee (2009) 의연구에서는주 3회처치를했음에도효과가없었음을고려하고대상자들과면담을한연구보조원들이주 3회의실험처치로탈락자가많아질것이라는의견을받아들여주 2회로결정하였으며구체적인방법은다음과같다. 서암봉자극법의실험처치와 54명대상자의혈압을측정하기위한연구보조자를선정하였다. 대상자사이의방문거리를고려하여한명의연구보조자에게 4~5명의실험대상자를배정한결과, 총 13명의연구보조자를선정하였다. 실험의동질성을유지하기위하여고려수지학회전문가의강의와시범을통해연구보조자를교육한후, 실험처치에대한모의시험에통과한사람에게만인증서를발급하여서암봉자극법의실험처치를수행할수있도록하였다. 혈압측정의신뢰도를확인하기위해서는연구보조자들이개별적으로본인을제외한 12명의보조자들의혈압을측정하였다. 이후측정치의평균과측정결과와의차를확인하여혈압측정의신뢰도를확보하였다 (Table 1). 대상자의가정과노인정을연구보조자가방문하여대상자와최소한 10분정도이야기를한후에편안한자세에서혈압을측정한후서암봉요법을실시하였다. 서암봉은금속재질로 1 mm의원형돌기가튀어나오게제작된알루미늄으로만들어져있으며음이온이발생하고피부의온도를보온하는효과가있다. 서암봉자극법에서다섯손가락은각각오장에해당하며, 넷째손가락은폐의기능과담, 삼초, 소장의기능을조절한다 (Yoo, 2010). 서암봉부착은전문가의자문에따라고혈압환자의대부분이위장장애가많고심장병이있기때문에이에대한상응점인 A1( 생식기점 ), A8( 배꼽점 ), A12( 위장점 ), A16( 심장점 ), A18( 관상동맥점 ) 과심장의혈을조절하는심기맥의오수혈인 G15, G13, G11, G9, G7에부착하였다. 114 Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing
4 Table 1. Reliability of Measuring Blood Pressure Measurements Systolic blood pressure M±SD Diastolic blood pressure M±SD A ± ±7.01 B ± ±9.05 C ± ±6.74 D ± ±5.05 E ± ±4.83 F ± ±6.03 G ± ±6.74 H ± ±4.47 I ± ±4.05 J ± ±7.01 K ± ±6.88 L ± ±5.22 Total ±1.89 (F=0.07, p =.945) 68.08±2.84 (F=0.01, p=.998) 서암봉자극법은가급적오래붙일수록효과가지속될수있으나너무오래붙이면가려움증과같은피부알레르기가나타날수있다 (Yoo, 2010). 본연구에서는 Lee (2007) 가 30분이상 24시간까지좋으나가장흔히사용하는시간이 2~3시간이라는주장에근거하여, 서암봉을부착한후최소한 2시간이상하고있도록교육하였으며다음방문시이를확인하기위해대상자가작성한서암봉부착시간기록표를확인하고격려하였다. 정공간의변화로인한오차를줄였다. 3) 연구의제한점본연구의종속변수인혈압은개인의심리, 정신, 신체적상황에따라민감하게차이가있을수있으며, 연구보조자간혈압측정결과가본연구에서는유의하지는않았지만오차가있을수있으므로연구결과를일반화하기에제한이있다. 6. 자료분석수집된자료는 SPSS/WIN 20.0 프로그램을이용하여처리하였다. 대상자의일반적특성과혈압동질성은 x 2 -test (cell 5 이하는 Fisher's exact test) 와 t-test로분석하였다. 서암봉자극법횟수에따른효과는 repeated Measures ANOVA로분석하였으며, 서암봉자극법을처음시작할때와 14번째자극법을시행한후의혈압차이는 t-test 로분석하였다. 혈압측정의신뢰도를확인하기위해평균, 표준편차및평균과 ANOVA로분석하였다. 연구결과 1 일반적특성및혈압의동질성수지압봉자극법을사용한실험군과대조군의일반적특성과수축기혈압및이완기혈압이모두유의한차이가없어두군간에동등한것으로나타났다 (Tables 2, 3). 2) 자료수집대상자의일반적특성및혈압관련특성은초기방문시대상자에게실험참여동의서를받을때수집하였으며서암봉자극법처치를받는대상자와대조군의혈압측정은측정시간에따른오차를줄이기위하여매오전 10시에서 12시사이에방문하여측정하였다. 이는오후시간보다오전시간이대상자의일상활동에따른차가적기때문이다. 연구보조자는 7주동안총 14회방문하여 14회혈압을측정하였으며측정시연구보조자의방문시간한시간전부터는신체적으로과도한운동을하거나커피나술등을마시지않도록설명하였으며, 확인시이를어겼을때에는결측치로하였다. 장소는측정시마다대상자의집이나노인정등동일한장소에서측정하여측 2 수지압봉자극법의효과반복측정된수축기혈압의구형성을검증한결과 (Mauchly's W=0.28, p=.001), 구형성조건에위배되어다변량분석을한결과차이가있었다 (F=2.56, p=.015). 수지압봉자극법의효과검증에서실험군과 (t=5.23, p=.003) 대조군 (t= 5.02, p=.004) 모두수지압봉자극법을수행하기전수축기압과 7주의실험이끝난후의수축기압이유의한차가있었다. 또한집단과시간간에교호작용은유의한차이가없었지만시간에따른변화는확인할수있었다 (F=16.82, p<.001). 시간에따른효과를살펴보면, 대조군에비해실험군의수축기압이실험전보다높았으나 8회까지하향곡선이뚜렷하였으며 Vol. 15 No. 2,
5 최은희 권경남 이후에는유지되는양상을나타내었다 (Figure 1). 이완기압의구형성검증결과는 Mauchly의 W값이.03 (p=.002) 로구형성조건에위배되어다변량분석을한결과, 유의미한차가없었다 (F=1.64. p=.125). 또한이완기압의경우실험군과대조군모두 7주간의실험전과후에유의한 차가나타나지않았다. 단지시간에따른변화와 (F=8.43, p=.005), 집단과시간간에교호작용이나타났다 (F=8.43, p=.005) (Table 4). 그러나실험전에는실험군의이완기압이대조군보다높았으나 3회부터대조군보다낮아졌으며 10회까지하향곡선을유지하고있는것으로나타났다 (Figure 1). Table 2. Homogeneity of General Characteristics Characteristics Categories Exp. (n=25) n (%) or M±SD Cont. (n=27) n (%) or M±SD x 2 or t p Age (year) 80.5± ± Gender Male Female 2 (3.9) 23 (44.2) 4(7.7) 23 (44.2).442 Religion Yes No 19 (36.6) 6 (11.5) 22 (42.3) 5(9.6) Marriage Yes No Divorce or bereavement 1 (1.9) 19 (36.6) 5 (9.6) 4(7.7) 20 (38.4) 3(5.8).324 Social activity Frequent Rare Never 4 (7.7) 9 (17.3) 12 (23.1) 8 (15.4) 8 (15.4) 11 (21.2).506 Perception of hypertension Yes No 13 (25.0) 12 (23.1) 20 (38.4) 7 (13.5) Medication with antihypertensive drugs Yes No 14 (26.9) 11 (21.2) 21 (40.4) 6 (11.5) Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group. Fisher's exact test. Table 3. Homogeneity of Blood Pressure Groups Systolic blood pressure Diastolic blood pressure M±SD t p M±SD t p Experimental group 132.2± ± Control group 131.2± ±13.44 Table 4. Effects of Acupressure on Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Dependant variables Groups On start M±SD After 14th acupressure t p Source F p M±SD Systolic blood pressure Exp ± ± Group Cont ± ± Time 4.20 <001 Mauchly's W=.028, Pillai's Trace (F=2.56, p=.015) Group*Time Diastolic blood pressure Exp. 78.5± ± Group Cont. 78.4± ± Time Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group. Mauchly's W=.030, Pillai's Trace (F=1.64, p=.125) Group*Time Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing
6 Figure 1. Effects of acupressure according to frequency. 논의본연구는혈압을강화시킬수있는서암봉자극법을 7주동안주 2회같은시간에실시하여대상자의혈압변화를확인함으로서서암봉자극법의경험론적근거를마련하고자하였다. 실험군과대조군의동질성검증에서실험군의혈압이대조군보다유의하지는않지만높았다. 이는대상자의평균연령이유의하지는않지만많았기때문일수도있다. 연령의차이는서암봉자극법을시행했을때그효과의발현유무에영향을미칠수도있으므로추후연구에서는동일한연령의실험군과대조군을짝짓기한반복연구를통해연령에따른효과차이를최소화할필요가있다. 수지압봉자극법을 7주간시행한결과실험군과대조군사이에수축기압과이완기압은시간에따른변화가모두유의하게나타났으나두군간에유의한변화가없었다. 이는수지압봉자극법이실험군과대조군의생리적변화를유의하게변화시키지못했음을의미하며, Hwang (2007) 의연구에서 4주간의수지요법을통해주관적인수면의질만효과가있었을뿐객관적인자료인수면다원검사상의수면지표와뇌혈류가변화가없었다는결과를지지한다. 또한 Yang (2009) 의연구에서도 4주간의수지요법을적용하여주관적변수인통증과일상생활정도는유의하게변화되었으나객관적종속변수인굴곡각도는유의한차가없었던것을지지한다. 그러나 6주간의수지뜸요법과압봉자극법을변비가있는대상자에게시행한 Ahn (2010) 의연구와고혈압여성노인에게 12주간수지요법을사용한 Shin과 Kim (2011) 의연구에서는혈압이유의하게변화가되었음을보고하여다른결과를보여주고있다. 이는본연구가수지압봉만을이용한단일처치인데반해 Ahn (2010) 과 Shin과 Kim (2011) 의연구는수지봉, 뜸또는압봉자극법을병행한것임을고려하여병행요법의효과를구체적으로파악할필요가있다고사료된다. 본연구는시간에따른혈압의하강변화를확인하고자시도되었으므로이를확인한결과수축기압의경우, 8회시술을기준으로기울기가완만해졌으므로수지압봉자극법의효과를볼수있는최적의횟수는 8회임을유추할수있었다. 이는 Lee (2007) 가수지뜸과수지봉을이용하여고혈압환자에게사용한결과수축기압이 5회까지계속떨어지고있음을발표하였으나이후결과를확인할수없었던결과를본연구에서 8회까지했을때가장효과가높을수있음을유추할수있도록하여그의의가있다고할수있다. 그러나이는기간이아니라횟수이므로연속적으로매일시술하는것과본연구와같이일주일에두번씩규칙적으로했을때에도 8회의시술이가장효과적인결과가나타날지를확인해볼필요가있으며 7 주 14회수지압봉자극법실시후실험군과대조군의혈압차이가없었으므로이에대한규명도필요하다. 또한본연구에서는 1회시술후에는이완기혈압은오히려수축기혈압이올라 Lee (2007) 의연구와다른결과가나타났으므로확인하는연구도필요하다고사료된다. 이완기압의경우수축기압과동일하게그룹간의차이는없었으나실험을시작하기전보다실험이끝난후의실험군혈압이더하강하는것으로나타났으며특히이완기압이 90 mmhg 이상인대상자를대상으로시행한결과단 1회시술로도 80 mmhg 이하로떨어져이후계속유지되는것을확인할수있어혈압강화에효과적인시술이될수있음을유추할수있었다. 그러나본연구에서는 1회시술의효과가얼마나지속되는지는확인할수없었다. 그러므로후속연구로 1회 Vol. 15 No. 2,
7 최은희 권경남 효과성이반복시술의효과보다크다면다수의대상자를대상으로 1회수지압봉자극법이얼마동안지속되는지에대한연구도필요하다고사료된다. 결론본연구는비동등성대조군전후설계를이용하여서암봉자극법이노인의혈압에미치는영향을확인하고자하였다. 노화가진행됨에따라혈압조절이어려운것은사실이다. 또한노인은어려운요법이나치료에적응하는시간이많이걸리고새로운것을꺼려하는성향이있으므로이를고려한프로그램개발이요구된다. 수지압봉자극법은적용하기도어렵지않을뿐만아니라침습적이지않기때문에안전하게노인에게적용할수있는방법이다. 본연구에서 60세이상노인에게적용한결과점차적으로혈압이강화되는양상을보였으며수축기압과이완기압모두 8회에서 10회이상의시술을했을때그효과가최대가되는것을확인할수있었다. 그러나시간에따른효과를확인할수없었으므로시행횟수가아닌시간에따른효과를확인할수있는추후연구가필요하다고사료된다. REFERENCES Ahn, Y. H. (2010). Effects of hands moxibustion therapy and hand press pellet on decreasing constipation of old adults in community. Unpublished master's thesis, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan. An, S. H., Kim, K. R., & Lee, Y. H. (2003). Recognition and current application for Koryo hand therapy in Busan. The Kosin Journal of Health Sciences, 13, Boehler, M., Mitterschiffthaler, G., & Schlager, A. (2002). Korean hand acupressure reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting after gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 94(4), Chu, M. S. (2004). The effect of hand acupuncture on the shoulder pain in the elderly. Journal of Women Health, 5(2), Choi, E. H., & Kwon, K. N. (2010). Analysis of research about hand reflexology in Korea. Journal of Korean Complementary and Alternative Nursing Research, 2(1), Choi, Y. A., Suh, S. R., & Suh, B. D. (2004). The effects of a rehabilitation program including Koryo hand-acupuncture on elderly people post-stroke. Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamental Nursing, 11(3), Hyoung, H. K., & Jang, H. S. (2011). The comparison of health status and health behavior among hypertension group, DM group, and hypertension DM group for the aged provided with customized home care service by visiting nurses. Journal of Korean Academy Community Health Nursing, 22(1), Hwang, E. H. (2007). Effects of hand acupuncture therapy on sleep quality in sleep disrupted adults -verification by polysomnography and cerebral blood flow test-. Journal of Korean Academy Nursing, 37(7), Jin, K. K., Chen, L., Pan, J. Y., Li, J. M., Wang, Y., & Wang, F. Y. (2008). Acupressure therapy inhibits the development of diabetic complications in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 15(9), Kang, H. M. (2011). The relationship between reasons for participation and exercise adherence of leisure sport for the elderly in small and medium cities. Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, 46, Kim, G. S., Kim, Y. S., Choi, K. O., Hyun, G. S., Yeun, E. J., Kim, S. Y. et al. (2012). Medical surgical nursing. Seoul: Soomoonsa. Lee, H. S., Sung, K. W., Son, B. K., Kim, J. S., Lee, H. J., & Lee, S. Y. (2006). Effects of hand massage through Korean hand acupuncture therapy on nausea, vomiting and anorexia induced by chemotherapy in cancer patients. Clinical Nursing Research, 11(2), Lee, H. R., Choi, C. J., Park, O. J., Kim, Y. S., Choi, G. O., Kim, G. S., et al. (2010). Adult Nursing (Rev. 6th). Seoul: Soomoonsa. Lee, J. H. (2007). The effect on the change of blood pressure of the hand moxa and hand press pellet-in the field of Seogeum therapy. Unpublished master's thesis, Kyonggi University, Suwon. Lee, Y. O. (2009). Effects of hand moxibustion therapy on elders' shoulder pain, ADL and sleep disturbance. Unpublished master's thesis, Keimyung University, Daegu. Liu, C. F., Yu, L. F., Lin, C. H., & Lin, S. C. (2008). Effect of auricular pellet acupressure on antioxidative systems in high-risk diabetes mellitus. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 14(3), Nam, S. K., & Shim, O. S. (2011). A study on the influence factors on quality of life of elderly with chronic disease. Journal of Welfare for the Aged, 53, Ministry of Health & Welfare and Center for Disease Control. (2009). Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANESⅣ-3). Retrieved April 8, 2011, from knhanes.cdc.go.kr Park, J. Y., & June, K. J. (2011). Influencing factors on functional health literacy among the rural elderly. Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing, 22(1), Ra, D. S., & Kim, Y. D. (2011). The impact of the elderly's sexual 118 Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing
8 life and sexual attitude on their life satisfaction. Journal of Welfare for the Aged, 52, Shin, H. S., & Song, Y. A. (2007). Effects of Koryo hand therapy on the depression, insomnia, and vagina dry in postmenopausal women. Journal of Korean Society of Maternal Child Health, 11(2), Shin, K. R., Park, S. Y., & Shin, S. J. (2004). A study on the use patterns of alternative therapy in the elderly. Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing, 16(1), Shin, Y. S., & Kim, E. H. (2011). The effects of hand moxibustion and hand press pallet on blood pressure, blood lipids and blood cell components in aged women with essential hypertension. Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing, 22(2), Sung, M. S., Kim, N. S, Kim, C. G., & Park, O. S. (2006). Attitudes and knowledge toward Koryo hand therapy (KHT) by the experienced people. Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing, 18(5), Yang, J. H. (2009). The effects of hands acupuncture therapy on pain, ROM, ADL and depression among elders with low back pain and knee joint pain. Journal of Korean Academy Nursing, 39(1), Yoo, T. W. (2008). Introduction to soojjichim. Seoul: Umyangmakjin press. Yoo, T. W. (2010). Seogeum therapy. Seoul: Society of Koryosoojichim. Vol. 15 No. 2,
서론 34 2
34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of
More information한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구
한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -
More informationA Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran
More information1..
Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :
More information012임수진
Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar
More information<BFCFBCBA30362DC0B1BFECC3B62E687770>
韓 國 保 健 看 護 學 會 誌 Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing Volume 26. No. 2, 248-257, August 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5932/jkphn.2012.26.2.248 중심단어 : 남자대학생, 성의식, 성태도 남자대학생의 성의식과 성태도 * 김 상 희 ** 윤 우 철 ***
More information. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, ( )
. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ,. (, 2011),, 1980 5 49.9%, 4 (20.3%). 1985, 5 (39.0%), 4 (25.3%).
More information- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -
More information- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α
More information278 경찰학연구제 12 권제 3 호 ( 통권제 31 호 )
여성경찰관의직업윤리의식결정요인분석 * An Analysis of Determinantal Factors Influencing Professional Ethical Standards of South Korean Police Women 신문희 ** 이영민 *** Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅱ. 이론적배경 Ⅲ. 연구방법 Ⅳ. 연구결과 Ⅴ. 결론 Ⅰ. 서론 278 경찰학연구제 12
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 293~316 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2015. 12. 04 2015. 12. 24 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT
More information전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II)
전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - vii - - viii - - ix - -
More informationLumbar spine
Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical
More information(01) hwp
Journal of Life Science 2013 Vol. 23. No. 2. 157~166 ISSN (Print) 1225-9918 ISSN (Online) 2287-3406 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2013.23.2.157 α μ δ κ 158 생명과학회지 2013, Vol. 23. No. 2 Journal of
More information- 최원희ㆍ 김명희: 중년후기 여성의 집단회상 경험과 효과에 대한 연구 - 에 직면하며 심리 사회적인 역할갈등, 고립, 위축, 상실 감 등을 경험하게 된다. 이 시기동안 위기에 잘 대처하 지 못하면 자신에 대하여 실망하며 두려움과 슬픔 등 을 겪으면서 자아존중감이 낮아
한국모자보건학회지 제15권 제1 호(2011년 1 월) J Korean Soc Matern Child Health 2011;15(1):48-59 E 1) 중년후기 여성의 집단회상 경험과 효과에 대한 연구 최 원 희ㆍ김 명 희 1 경남대학교 간호학과, 부산대학교 간호대학 1 = Abstract = The Experience and Effects of Group
More information139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ
2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,
More informationγ
경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical
More informationuntitled
Original Article Experiences of Unwed Mothers Choi, Yang-Ja 1) Kim, Kwuy-Bun 2) 1) Professor, Redcross College of Nursing, 2) Professor, Kyung Hee University, College of Nursing Science 1) 2) 1) 2) Purpose:
More informationAnalyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong
Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling
More information:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( )
:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α=.83.91.,.,,..,,,.,. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ..,.,.,. Bandura(1997),.,,,,., (,,, 2009), (,,,, 2014).?.,,,.. Bandura (1995) (Resiliency
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social
More information서론
- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - -
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Study on Teache
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.149-171 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.149 * A Study on Teachers and Parents Perceptions on the Introduction of Innovational
More information,......
The Impact of Personal Traits, Family Characteristics, and Job Satisfaction on the Psychological Well-Being of Middle Aged Men from the Baby Boomer Generation Working in Large Corporations Department of
More informationDIABETES FACT SHEET IN KOREA 2012 SUMMARY About 3.2 million Korean people (10.1%) aged over 30 years or older had diabetes in 2010. Based on fasting g
DIABETES FACT SHEET IN KOREA 2012 Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) / Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) DIABETES FACT SHEET IN KOREA 2012 SUMMARY About 3.2 million Korean people (10.1%)
More informationRheu-suppl hwp
Objective: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally
More information- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster
More information歯1.PDF
200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)
More informationPharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ
Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and
More informationÀå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö
Disability & Employment 55 Disability & Employment 56 57 Disability & Employment 58 59 Disability & Employment 60 61 Disability & Employment 62 63 Disability & Employment 64 65 Disability & Employment
More informationAnalysis of teacher s perception and organization on physical education elective courses Chang-Wan Yu* Korea Institute of curriculum and evaluation [Purpose] [Methods] [Results] [Conclusions] Key words:
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: * Strenghening the Cap
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.27-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.27 * Strenghening the Capacity of Cultural Arts Required in Special Education
More information歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF
The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)
More information<C7D1B1B9B1B3C0B0B0B3B9DFBFF85FC7D1B1B9B1B3C0B05F3430B1C733C8A35FC5EBC7D5BABB28C3D6C1BE292DC7A5C1F6C6F7C7D42E687770>
기혼 여성이 사이버대학에서 상담을 전공하면서 겪는 경험 방기연 (고려사이버대학교 상담심리학과 부교수) * 요 약 본 연구는 기혼 여성의 사이버대학 상담전공 학과 입학에서 졸업까지의 경험을 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한 다. 이를 위해 연구참여자 10명을 대상으로 심층면접을 하고, 합의적 질적 분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 입학 전 에 연구참여자들은 고등교육의 기회를
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 3, June, 30, 2016:pp. 93~116 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2016. 06. 12 2016. 06. 20 2016. 06. 26 ABSTRACT e-
More information<35BFCFBCBA2E687770>
주요개념 : 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자, 성지식, 성태도 남자중학생의 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자와 비접촉자간의 성지식과 태도의 차이 김 영 혜* 이 화 자** 정 향 미*** 1. 연구의 필요성 한국은 I. 서 론 1960 년대 이후부터 시작된 돌진적 산업화 ( 한 상진, 1996) 로 인하여 경제적 부흥을 이루어 집집마다 TV 수상기를 가질 수 있게 되었고 최근에는 PC보급율
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education
More information54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3
27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,
More information성인간호학회지 제 20 권, 제 6 호, 2008년 899명으로 15년 사이에 환자 수는 5배 이상 지속적인 증가추세에 있다. 또한 이중에서 혈액투석이 차지하는 비율은 61.5% 로 신대체요법 중 가장 높은 비율을 차지 하고 있다(Korean Society of Nep
주요용어 : 향요법, 혈액투석, 가려움증, 피로, 스트레스 아로마 손마사지가 혈액투석 환자의 소양증, 피로 및 스트레스에 미치는 효과 강승자 1 김남영 2 조규웅 내과의원 인공신장실 수간호사 1, 남부대학교 간호학과 조교수 2 The Effects of Aroma Hand Massage on Pruritus, Fatigue and Stress of Hemodialysis
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI: IPA * Analysis of Perc
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp.45-72 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.2.201806.45 IPA * Analysis of Perception and Needs on Teaching Competencies of Faculty
More informationA Study on the Relationships between Self-Differentiation and Adaptability Factors for Senior Dementia Patients Care Givers Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Welfare Graduate University Full-time Lecturer
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: * A Study on Good School
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.1 * A Study on Good School and School Evaluation Purpose: This study was to examine
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although
More information특수교육논총 * ,,,,..,..,, 76.7%.,,,.,,.. * 1. **
특수교육논총 *. 257..,,,,..,..,, 76.7%.,,,.,,.. * 1. ** (eun67@dankook.ac.kr) .,,,,,,,,,, (,, 2014)., (,, 2007)....,,,, (,, 2014).. (2003)...,,, (Baron-Cohen, O Riordan, Stone, Jone, & Plaisted, 1999; Hobson,
More information2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285
13 2 ( 25 ) 2004 12 Korean J Med Hist 13 284 296 Dec 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * ** ** 1 1920 1930 40 ( 1896-1973) 80 * ** 1) 2003 284 2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914
More information590호(01-11)
T H E K O R E A N D O C T O R S W E E K L Y www.docdocdoc.co.kr I N S I D E 38 3 5 6 7 10 13 28 29 30 31 38 41 42 2 Advertisement Government & Medicine 3 Government & Medicine 4 Government & Medicine Government
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: : A basic research
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.379-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.379 : A basic research for the after-school forest activities program models:
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency
More information27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( :
27 2, 1-16, 2009. * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: jjhkim@cau.ac.kr) 2 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009 Ⅰ.,. 2008 3,536, 10 99.9% (, 2008). PC,, (, 2007). (, 2008),.,
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
김진주 김수연. 초등학생대상장애이해교육에활용된동화에나타난장애인관분석. 특수교육, 2013, 제12권, 제2호, 135-160... 20.,,. 4.,,.,..... 주제어 : 장애이해교육, 동화, 장애인관 1. ( 1 ) Incheon Munhak Elementary School ( )(, E-mail: sooyoun@ginue.ac.kr) Dept. of
More information2017 년장애인실태조사결과 2018. 4. 보건복지부 한국보건사회연구원 목 차 2017 년도장애인실태조사주요내용 1. 조사개요 1 2. 총괄표 1 3. 주요실태조사결과 5 장애인구및출현율 5 일반특성 8 건강특성 11 사회적특성 18 일상생활및돌봄특성 22 경제적특성 25 복지서비스수요 31 2017 년도장애인실태조사주요내용 조사개요 총괄표 268 273
More information배진현 도은수 서영숙 보다 약 3배 더 발생할 것으로 추정되고 있어 우리사회의 중 요한 보건문제가 될 것이다(Clinical Research Center for Stroke [CRCS], 2013). 뇌졸중은 뇌의 혈액순환장애로 발생되며, 뇌의 국소적인 부위나 전반적인
노인간호학회지 제16권 제1 호, 2014년 4월 J Korean Gerontol Nurs Vol. 16 No. 1, 49-58, April 2014 ISSN 1229-5299 계획된 행위이론에 근거한 뇌졸중 환자의 금연의도에 미치는 예측요인 배진현 1 2 3 도은수 서영숙 대구가톨릭대학교 간호대학 1, 대구보건대학 간호학과 2, 경주대학교 간호학과 3 Factors
More information<B0A3C3DFB0E828C0DBBEF7292E687770>
초청연자특강 대구가톨릭의대의학통계학교실 Meta analysis ( 메타분석 ) 예1) The effect of interferon on development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection?? -:> 1998.1 ~2007.12.31 / RCT(2),
More information歯14.양돈규.hwp
: The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy 2003. Vol. 15, No. 3, 615-631. 1 2 3 1,410.,, ( ),., ( 69%),.,, ( ), ( ).,,.., ( ).,. :,,. :, (390-711) 21-1, : 043-649-1362 E-mail : ydk9498@hanmail.net
More information<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>
대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실
More informationISSN 제 3 호 치안정책연구 The Journal of Police Policies ( 제29권제3호 ) 치안정책연구소 POLICE SCIENCE INSTITUTE
11-1320082-000013-09 ISSN 1738-2963 2015 제 3 호 치안정책연구 The Journal of Police Policies 2015. 12 ( 제29권제3호 ) 치안정책연구소 POLICE SCIENCE INSTITUTE : 통학버스를중심으로 차례 전병주 * 최은영 ** Ⅰ. 서론 1) Ⅱ. 이론적배경 Ⅲ. 연구방법 Ⅳ. 연구결과
More informationKinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc
Kinematic analysis of success strategy of technique JooHo Song 1, JongHoon Park 2, & JinSun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Science, 2 Catholic Kwandong University, 3 Yonsei University [Purpose] [Methods]
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: : A Study on the Ac
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.269-293 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.269 : A Study on the Actual Condition of Character Education in Early Childhood
More information<353420B1C7B9CCB6F52DC1F5B0ADC7F6BDC7C0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120BEC6B5BFB1B3C0B0C7C1B7CEB1D7B7A52E687770>
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 2 pp. 866-871, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.2.866 증강현실을 이용한 아동교육프로그램 모델제안 권미란 1*, 김정일 2 1 나사렛대학교 아동학과, 2 한세대학교 e-비즈니스학과
More informationApparel Purchase Behaviors and Image Preferences of Preteen Girls and Their Mothers: Considering Preteen Girls BMI and Body Image Department of Home Economics Education, Pai Chai University Assistant Professor
More information달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있
대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Mediating Eff
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.159-177 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.159 * The Mediating Effects of Self-esteem on the Relationship between Social
More information(5차 편집).hwp
(215), 54(1), 17-3 211 STEAM,.. STEAM, STEAM, 5~6 11.,., 5~6...,. (, 21)., 29. (,, 212). 211 STEAM * :, E-mail: njkwon@hanmail.net http://dx.doi.org/1.15812/ter.54.1.2153.17 (215), 54(1), 17-3,. (Arts)
More information,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006;
,,.. 400,,,,,,.,,, -, -, -., 3.. :, Tel : 010-9540-0640, E-mail : sunney05@hanmail.net ,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012).
More informationAbstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,
More information구의 중요성이 인식되기 시작하였다(Kang & Lee, 2001). 이에 대한 결과로 1990 년대 이후 국내에서도 만성신부전환자의 혈액투석경험 (Shin, 1997), 신장이식 체험(Lee, 1998) 과 만성질환자의 강인성에 관한 연구 (Ko, 1999)등 만성질환
주요용어 : 주보호자, 만성신부전환자, 체험, 현상학 만성신부전환자의 주보호자로 살기* 김 경 미** 공 병 혜*** 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 Ⅰ. 서 론 최근 의학의 발달과 생활환경의 급속한 변화는 건강과 질병 양상의 변화를 가져와 급성질병은 점차 감소하는 반면에 만성질병은 불가역적인 병리적 변화와 지속적인 비정상 상태로 인해 점점 중요한 건강위협 요인이
More informationMay 10~ Hotel Inter-Burgo Exco, Daegu Plenary lectures From metabolic syndrome to diabetes Meta-inflammation responsible for the progression fr
May 10~12 2012 Hotel Inter-Burgo Exco, Daegu Plenary lectures From metabolic syndrome to diabetes Meta-inflammation responsible for the progression from obesity to metabolic syndrome originates in the
More informationhttp://www.kbc.go.kr/pds/2.html Abstract Exploring the Relationship Between the Traditional Media Use and the Internet Use Mee-Eun Kang This study examines the relationship between
More informationAnalysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ
Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]
More information상담학연구,, SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / / Tel: /
,,. 164 -. SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / 1 11 404 / Tel: 02-880-7636 / E-mail: dikimedu@snu.ac.kr ...,,, (, 2012),, (,,, 2012a, 2012b;,, 2011;, 2011;,, 2010). (, 2013;, 2012;, ;
More informationAbstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie
Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung
More informationEffects of baseball expertise and stimulus speeds on coincidence-anticipation timing accuracy of batting Jong-Hwa Lee, Seok-Jin Kim, & Seon-Jin Kim* Seoul National University [Purpose] [Methods] [Results]
More information노인의학200303.PDF
Assisted Living 9,, ( ) ( ) 1. 6) 2. 5. 3. 1) 4. 2) 1) 6. : 2) 1) 3) 2) 4) 3) 5) 4) (1998) 21 2025 80 73.,. 1980..?,,.,.,, 130 ,,.,.,,,. (managed care),,,.,.,,,.,,,,.,.,,,,,.,..,. 131 1. 2010 - -,,,,,...,
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: * Meta Analysis : T
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.289-314 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.289 * Meta Analysis : Trends and Effects of Art-Therapy with Clay Purpose:
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 3~30 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2016. 01. 08 2016. 01. 09 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT
More informationYI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w
497 의사학 제24권 제2호(통권 제50호) 2015년 8월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː497-532 Aug 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.497 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 역시만필( 歷 試 漫 筆 ) 의 사례로 재구성한 조선후기 여성의 삶과 질병
More information<31342EBCBAC7FDBFB52E687770>
일본 기혼여성의 취업 및 취업형태 결정요인 성 혜 영 (국민연금연구원) 본 연구의 목적은 일본 기혼여성의 취업실태를 고찰하고 취업 여부에 영향을 미치는 요인과 상시 또는 파트타임과 같은 취업형태를 결정하는 요인을 일본 내 전국 수준의 조사 데이터를 활용해 실증적으로 검토해 보는데 있다. 일본 기혼여성취업의 특징은 파트타임 취업 비율이 특히 높다는 것이며 이에
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: * Review of Research
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.79-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.79 * Review of Research Trends on Curriculum for Students with Severe and multiple
More informationA 617
Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R
More informationuntitled
대한마취과학회지 2008; 55: 190~6 Korean J Anesthesiol Vol. 55, No. 2, August, 2008 임상연구 대한민국의 마취통증의학 임상실습 현황 연세대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 및 마취통증의학연구소 장동진ㆍ안소운ㆍ안지원ㆍ김종훈 The current status of anesthesiology clerkship in Korea
More information12이문규
Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental
More information878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu
한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI: : - Qualitative Met
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp.369-397 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.2.201806.369 : - Qualitative Meta-Synthesis on Child-Nurturing Experiences of Female
More information27 2, 17-31, , * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** ( :
27 2, 17-31, 2009. -, * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** (: dminkim@cau.ac.kr) 18 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. Ⅰ. (,,, 2004). (,, 2006).,,, (Myrick,
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * Experiences of Af
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.201-229 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.201 * Experiences of After-school Class Caring by Married Early Childhood
More information230 한국교육학연구 제20권 제3호 I. 서 론 청소년의 언어가 거칠어지고 있다. 개ㅅㄲ, ㅆㅂ놈(년), 미친ㅆㄲ, 닥쳐, 엠창, 뒤져 등과 같은 말은 주위에서 쉽게 들을 수 있다. 말과 글이 점차 된소리나 거센소리로 바뀌고, 외 국어 남용과 사이버 문화의 익명성 등
청소년의 개인, 가정, 학교변인에 따른 비교육적 언어 사용의 차이 229 한국교육학연구 제20권 제3호 The Korea Educational Review 2014. 10. Vol.20. No.3. pp.229-251. 1) 청소년의 개인, 가정, 학교변인에 따른 비교육적 언어 사용의 차이* 강기수 조규판(동아대학교) [요 약] 본 연구의 목적은 청소년의 개인변인인
More information황지웅
Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic
More information-07-......
A Depth Interview on Qualification, Role, and Professionalism of Infant/Toddler Teachers Department of Child & Family Studies, Kyung Hee University Associate Professor : Ahn, Sun Hee Department of Early
More information05_최운선_53~67,68.hwp
Journal of Korean Home Management Association ISSN(print) 1229-1331 Vol.30 No.6 Serial No.120 2012.12 http://dx.doi.org/10.7466/jkhma.2012.30.6.053 국제결혼 한국인 남성의 결혼생활 대처전략에 관한 연구* The Coping Strategy of
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: * The Grounds and Cons
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.63-81 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.63 * The Grounds and Consequences of the Elementary School Teachers' Trust Formation
More information( )Kju269.hwp
만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University
More information( )Jkstro011.hwp
비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy
More information03-서연옥.hwp
농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥
More information<3136365FB4EBB1B8BDC320BAB8B0C7BAB9C1F6C5EBB0E8BFACBAB820B9DFB0A320BFACB1B85FBEF6B1E2BAB92E687770>
연구보고서 2007 DAEGU-GYEONGBUK DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE 대구시 보건복지통계연보 발간 연구 엄 기 복 대구경북연구원 차 례 차 례 요 약 ⅰ~ⅴ 제1장 서 론 3 1.연구의 목적 및 범위 3 가. 연구배경 3 나. 연구의 목적 4 2. 연구방법 및 내용 4 가. 연구방법 4 나. 연구내용 5 제2장 보건복지통계관리현황 9 1.
More information