대한간호학회지제 41 권제 2 호, 2011 년 4 월 J Korean Acad Nurs Vol.41 No.2, DOI: /jkan 기관흡인술유형에따른인공호흡기적용환자의기관내균집락화와폐렴발생률 차경숙 1 박호란 2 1
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1 대한간호학회지제 4 권제 호, 년 4 월 J Korean Acad Nurs Vol.4 No., 75-8 차경숙 박호란 가톨릭대학교성빈센트병원감염관리실간호사, 가톨릭대학교간호대학교수 Endotracheal Colonization and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Mechanically Ventilated Patients according to Type of Endotracheal Suction System Cha, Kyeong-Sook Park, Ho-Ran Registered Nurse, Department of Infection Control, St. Vincent s Hospital, Suwon Professor, College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Purpose: This study was conducted to identify endotracheal colonization and the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia related to the type of endotracheal suction system. Methods: The participants in this study were ICU patients hospitalized between October 9 to March who used ventilators for over 48 hr with closed (, n=) or open (, n=) suction systems. To standardize the pre-intervention suction system, a suctioning protocol was taught to the ICU nurses. Collected data were analyzed using χ -test, Fisher s exact test, Wilcoxon rank sums test, Wilcoxon test, Log-rank test and Poisson regression. Results: Endotracheal colonization was higher in than from day to day 8 while using a ventilator and there was a significant difference between the two groups. The reached 5% of endotracheal colonization by the 4th day, whereas for the, it was the nd day (p=.4). The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia showed no significant difference. Conclusion: For patients with a high risk of pneumonia, must be used to lower endotracheal colonization. Key words: Suction, Colonization, Ventilator-associated Pneumonia 서론. 연구의필요성인공호흡기사용환자에게적용되는기관지흡인은흡인과정에서병원균의기관내집락화나오염된의료진의손과의료기구에의해하기도해오염을유발할위험이높다. 이러한호흡기계오염은기저질환등숙주요인과함께중환자실에서가장흔하게발생하는의료관련감염인폐렴의위험요인으로지적되고있다 (Korean Association of Infection Control Nursing [KAICN], 6; Korean Society for Nosocomial Infection Control [KOSNIC], 6). 폐렴의원인균은 Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumo-niae) 등의그람음성균과 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) 등의그람양성균이대부분을차지한다 (KOSNIC, 6). 최근의료기관에서분리되는균주중항생제내성균주의분리율이빠르게증가하고있으며 (KOSNIC), 이러한내성균주의증가와의료관련감염의발생은환자의유병률과사망률을증가시키고, 항균제사용및재원일수증가, 의료비용상승으로이어지고있다. 기관흡인은기관내분비물을제거하여기도를유지하고, 호흡기 주요어 : 흡인, 집락화, 인공호흡기관련폐렴 * 본논문은제 저자차경숙의박사학위논문중일부를수정한것임. *This article is a revision of the first author s doctoral thesis from The Catholic University of Korea. Address reprint requests to: Park, Ho-Ran College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, 55 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 7-7, Korea Tel: Fax: hrpark@catholic.ac.kr 투고일 : 년 8 월 일심사의뢰일 : 년 8 월 6 일게재확정일 : 년 4 월 5 일 Korean Society of Nursing Science ISSN 5-67
2 76 차경숙 박호란 계감염을예방하기위하여자주시행되는간호행위로개방형과폐쇄형두가지방법이사용되고있다. 현재흔히사용되고있는개방형흡인의경우환자의인공호흡기연결관을분리한후흡인을시행하므로흡인동안산소공급이중단되고기관지에음압이발생하여저산소증, 부정맥및뇌압상승등의부작용을초래할수있다. 또한흡인과정에서환자의기도를오염시키거나환자의분비물이공기중으로분무될위험이있어직원의감염노출과주변환경오염으로인한교차감염의위험이증가한다 (Blackwood, 998). 이에반해폐쇄형흡인은보호관에싸여있는흡인관을이용하므로흡인동안에도인공호흡기와지속적으로연결할수있어저산소증감소등의장점이있으나, 흡인효과의감소, 자가오염등의단점이보고되고있다 (Hoshi et al., 4). 국외의경우흡인유형에따른임상효과를파악하기위하여심혈관계및호흡기계관련생리학적지표와인공호흡기관련폐렴, 균집락화와교차감염등감염관련지표에대한다양한연구 (Combes, Fauvage, & Oleyer, ; Lorente et al., 6; Lorente et al., 5; Topeli, Harmanci, Cetinkaya, Akdeniz, & Unal, 4) 가시행되었으며, 폐쇄형흡인의사용이증가하는추세이다. 그러나개방형흡인술에비해폐쇄형흡인술에서그효과가우수한것으로확인된생리학적지표와는다르게감염관련지표에있어서는아직까지도논란의여지가있다 (Combes, Fauvage, & Oleyer, ; Lorente et al., 6; Topeli et al., 4). 미국질병통제센터 (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC) 의료관련폐렴예방지침에도폐렴예방을위한흡인방법선택을명확한지침없이미해결과제로분류하고있어좀더많은연구가필요한상황이다 (KOSNIC, 6). 국내에서는기관지흡인술유형에따른생리학적지표를관찰한연구 (Kim, Ahn, Park, Choi, & Yoo, 998; Park, ; Shin et al., 6) 와인공호흡기관련폐렴및균집락화에관한일부연구가시행되었으나 (Jung et al., 8; Lee, Kim, & Kim, 4) 흡인기간에따른균집락의변화나폐렴의위험요인인인공호흡기사용일수를기준으로한인공호흡기관련폐렴발생률은산출되지않았다. 이에본연구는인공호흡기사용환자를대상으로, 폐쇄형흡인술과개방형흡인술을제공하고기관내균집락화및인공호흡기관련폐렴의발생률을확인하여보다안전한기관지흡인술유형을확인하고자하였다.. 연구목적본연구의구체적목적은다음과같다. 첫째, 기관지흡인술유형에따른기관내분리균주의차이를확인한다. 둘째, 기관지흡인술유형에따른기관내균집락화정도의차이를확인한다. 셋째, 기관지흡인술유형에따른인공호흡기관련폐렴발생률의차이를확인한다. 연구방법. 연구설계본연구는기관지흡인술유형에따라폐쇄형흡인군과개방형흡인군의기관내균집락화, 인공호흡기관련폐렴발생률을파악하기위해시도된비동등성유사실험연구이다.. 연구대상본연구의대상자는 9년 월부터 년 월까지경기도소재일개대학병원내과중환자실과신경외과중환자실에입실하여인공호흡기를 48시간이상사용한만 8세이상의환자였다. 이중인공호흡기사용경력이있는환자, 중환자실입실시의료관련폐렴이있는환자, 호중구감소증 (Absolute neutrophil count 5 mm ) 환자는제외하였고, 선정기준에적합한환자는주치의나담당간호사의선택에따라기관지흡인술유형이할당되었다. 연구대상자수는 Log-rank test sample size 산출공식을이용하여유의수준.5, 검정력.8로계산하였을때집단별 7명으로산출되었으며, 최종연구대상자는폐쇄형흡인군 명, 개방형흡인군 명으로총 6 명이었다.. 연구도구 ) 기관내균집락화기관내균집락화는미생물이기관내에침입하여집락을형성하였으나감염은일으키지않은상태로, 기관내균집락화정도를파악하기위하여객담배양검사를실시하였다. 객담배양검사는흡인카테터와흡입기사이에객담배양검사검체채취용트랩을연결한후흡인을시행하여객담검체를채취하였으며, 연구대상병원진단검사의학과미생물검사실에서그람염색한후자동화시스템 (MicroScan WalkAway-6 system, Dade International, West Scramento, USA) 을이용하여균동정및항생제감수성검사를실시하였다. 객담배양검사는인공호흡기사용시작 4시간이내에기초검사를실시하였으며, 이후 -5일간격으로인공호흡기제거시까지주기적으로실시하였다.
3 77 ) 인공호흡기관련폐렴인공호흡기관련폐렴은감염관리전문간호사 인이미국질병통제센터 (CDC) 의정의 (Horan, Andrus, & Dudeck, 8) 를이용하여인공호흡기사용시작 48시간후부터제거후 48시간이내에침윤 (infiltration), 폐경변 (consolidation), 공동 (cavitation) 이새롭게발생하고환자의증상, 증후, 검사결과가부합되는경우진단하였다. 대상자의흉부방사선검사결과는영상의학과판독결과를통해확인하였고, 환자의증상, 증후, 검사결과는의무기록과미생물검사결과등을통하여확인하였다. 인공호흡기관련폐렴발생률은아래의수식을이용하여산출하였다. 간호부간호교육팀간호사 인이흡인간호프로토콜을개발하였다. 개발된프로토콜은부서별집담회시간을이용하여 분간 회교육하였으며, 인쇄물로제작하여게시판등간호사들이가장잘볼수있는위치에부착하였다. 흡인방법준수여부는감염관리전문간호사와해당중환자실부서장이간호사별로개별확인하였다. 흡인카테터교환주기는폐쇄형흡인카테터의경우 4시간교환군과주기적교체를실시하지않은군간의인공호흡기관련폐렴발생에유의한차이가없었던 Kollef 등 (997) 의연구결과를토대로보호관파손등기계적결함이발생하거나재삽관하는경우교환하였다. 개방형흡인카테터는멸균카테터를이용하여 회사용후폐기하였다. 인공호흡기관련폐렴발생률 ( 인공호흡기사용일수대비 ) 조사기간발생한인공호흡기관련폐렴총건수 = 조사기간대상자들의인공호흡기총사용일수, 인공호흡기관련폐렴발생률 ( 재원일수대비 ) 조사기간발생한인공호흡기관련폐렴총건수 = 조사기간대상자들의중환자실총재원일수, ) 질병중증도 질병중증도는 Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅲ (APACHE Ⅲ) 와 Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 로측정하였다. APACHE Ⅲ 점수는 Knaus 등 (99) 이개발한도구를사용하였 다. APHACHE Ⅲ 점수는입원 4 시간이내에측정하는것으로, 환 자의생리학적변수 ( 활력징후, 각종검사소견, 산 - 염기대사장애, 신 경학적장애 ), 연령, 동반질환등에가중치를두고그합을구하며, 최저 점에서최고 99 점사이로점수가높을수록환자의중증도 가높음을의미한다. GCS 는 Teasdale 와 Jennett (974) 가개발한도구로운동반응 (motor response), 언어반응 (verbal response), 개안반응 (eye opening) 을측 정하며최저 점에서최고 5 점으로점수가높을수록의식상태가 좋은것을의미한다. 본연구의 GCS 는중환자실입실일평균점수 로하였다. ) 자료수집방법본연구는연구대상병원의기관윤리심의위원회 (Institutional Review Board) 의심의 ( 과제번호 VC9OISI55) 를받은후실시하였고, 중환자실간호사및관계자에게연구의목적을설명하고동의를구하였다. 인공호흡기치료를받고선정기준에적합한환자를연구대상으로선정한후기관지흡인술을적용하였으며, 연구자가연구기간동안대상자의일반적특성및관련자료를의무기록과병원전산프로그램을이용하여수집한후구조화된조사지에기록하였다. 5. 자료분석방법수집된자료는통계프로그램 (SAS ver 9.) 을이용하여분석하였다. 두군의일반적특성은실수, 백분율, 중앙값과범위로제시하였으며, 두군간의동질성검정은카이제곱검정과 Fisher s exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test로하였다. 두군의동일균주분리율은 Log-rank test로분석하였으며, 기관내균집락률은 Wilcoxon test로비교하였다. 두군의인공호흡기관련폐렴발생률차이는 Poisson regression 을실시하였다. 연구결과. 동질성검정 4. 연구진행절차 ) 흡인술표준화흡인술표준화를위하여병원중환자간호사회 (Korean Association of Critical Care Nurse, 4) 의흡인술방법과연구대상병원의간호부흡인프로토콜을근거로하여감염관리전문간호사 인과 폐쇄형흡인군의평균연령은 6.5세였으며, 개방형흡인군은 7 세로개방형흡인군이많았으나두군간유의한차이는없었다. 주진단명은두군모두호흡기계질환, 신경계질환순으로많았으며, 입원경로는응급실경유가폐쇄형흡인군의경우 7.%, 개방형흡인군 78.% 로가장많았다. 질병중증도는 APACHE III 점수의경우폐쇄형흡인군이 57.5 점, 개방형흡인군이 6점이었으며, GCS는폐
4 78 차경숙 박호란 Table. General Characteristics of Participants Characteristics Gender Male Female 쇄형흡인군.5 점과개방형흡인군 8 점으로개방형흡인군의중 증도가높은것으로나타났으나두군간유의한차이는없었다. 중 환자실재원기간은폐쇄형흡인군.5 일, 개방형흡인군 일이었 으며, 인공호흡기사용기간은폐쇄형흡인군 7 일, 개방형흡인군 8 일로두군간유의한차이가없었다 (Table ).. 기관내분리균주 (n=) (n=) n (%)/Median (range) 6 (5.) 4 (46.7) (65.6) (4.4) Z*/χ 인공호흡기사용시작 4 시간이내객담배양검사에서분리된균 주를제외하고새로운균주가분리된대상자수는폐쇄형흡인군 4 명, 개방형흡인군 6 명이었으며, 기관내분리균주수는폐쇄형 흡인군 8 건, 개방형흡인군 건이었다. 폐쇄형흡인군의기관내 분리균주는 S. aureus (6 건 ), P. aeruginosa (4 건 ), A. baumannii ( 건 ), K. p.97.4 Age in years 6.5 (5-84) 7 (9-86) Diagnosis Respiratory disease Neurological disease Cardiovascular disease Gastrointestinal disease Others Admission route Emergency room General ward Underlying disease Chronic heart disease Chronic lung disease Endocrine disease Chronic liver disease Others None Type of ICU Medical ICU Neurosurgical ICU 6 (5.) 9 (.) (.) (.) (.) (7.) 8 (6.7) (6.7) 5 (6.7) ( 6.7) ( 6.7) ( 6.7) 8 (6.7) (7.) 9 (.) 6 (5.) 9 (8.) (.) (.) 5 (5.6) 5 (78.) 7 (.9) (7.5) 5 (5.6) 4 (.5) (.) ( 6.) 9 (8.) (68.8) (.) APACHE III Score 57.5 (5-) 6 (4-) Glasgow Coma Scale.5 (-5) 8 (-5).64.5 ICU length of stay (days).5 (-74) (6-46) Duration of mechanical ventilation (days) Hospital Mortality Survival Death 7 (-) 8 (-) -..5 (76.7) 7 (.) (68.8) (.) =closed suction system; =open suction system; ICU =intensive care unit; APACHE III =acute physiology and chronic health evaluation III; *Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher s exact test. Table. A Comparison of Endotracheal Colonization in Study Participants Microorganism Gram positive cocci Staphylococcus aureus MRSA Enterococcus faecium Enterococcus faecalis Gram negative bacilli Pseudomonas aeruginosa IR Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acinetobacter baumannii IR Acinetobacter baumannii Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Corynebacterium species Haemophilus influenzae pneumoniae ( 건 ) 순이었으며, 분리된 S. aureus 는모두 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 이었다. A. baumannii 중 건 (66.7%) 은 imipenem 내성이었으며, K. pneumoniae 중 건 (5.%) 은 extendedspectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) 생성균주이었다. 개방형흡인군의경우 S. aureus (5 건 ) 가가장많이분리되었으며, P. aeruginosa 와 K. pneumoniae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 가각각 건, Enterococcus faecium 과 A. baumannii 가 건씩분리되었다. 개방형흡인군에서분리된 S. aureus 는모두 MRSA 이었으며, K. pneumoniae 중 건 (66.7%) 은 ESBL 생성균주이었고, P. aeruginosa 중 건 (.%), A. baumannii 는 건모두 imipenem 에내성을보이는다제내성균주이었다 (Table ). 동일균주의반복분리는한환자에게서 회이상분리되는경우 두군간유의한차이가없었으나, 회이상분리되는경우두군간 유의한차이가있어 (p =.), 폐쇄형흡인군이개방형흡인군에비 해 회이상동일균주분리가많은것으로나타났다 (Figure ).. 기관내균집락화 기관내균집락화는인공호흡기사용기간 일에서 8 일까지개방 형흡인군이폐쇄형흡인군에비해많았으며, 두군간유의한차이 가있었다 (p =.4). 기관내균집락화의중앙값은폐쇄형흡인군의 경우인공호흡기사용 4 일이었으며, 개방형흡인군은 일이었다 (Figure ). (n=) 6 6 (n=) Total (Patients ) 8 (4) (6) =closed suction system; =open suction system; MRSA=methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus; IR=imipenem resistance; ESBL=extended-spectrum β-lactamase; Patients=patients with endotracheal colonization who isolate new bacillus 4 hours after using a ventilator
5 79 Repeatedly isolated same organisms (%) p= 인공호흡기관련폐렴발생률 인공호흡기관련폐렴은폐쇄형흡인군에서 건, 개방형흡인군 에서 건발생하였다. 재원일수, 일당인공호흡기관련폐렴발 생률은폐쇄형흡인군.96 건, 개방형흡인군.5 건으로개방형흡 인군에서높았으나유의한차이는없었다. 인공호흡기사용일수, 일당인공호흡기관련폐렴발생률은폐쇄형흡인군 4. 건, 개 방형흡인군 6.9 건으로개방형흡인군에서높았으나유의한차이 는없었다 (Table ). Mechanical ventilation (days) Figure. A comparison of same organisms ( ) repeatedly isolated from the sputum of patients in study groups. =closed suction system; =open suction system. Table. Incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Study Groups (n=) (n=) Patient-days Ventilator-days 9 Ventilator utilization ratio.46.5 No. of ventilator-associated pneumonia Ventilator-associated pneumonia rate (patient-day) Ventilator-associated pneumonia rate (ventilator-day) 논의 RR* 95%CI p =closed suction system; =open suction system. *Relative risk; 95% confidence interval; Ventilator-days/patient-days; (No. of Ventilator-associated pneumonia/no. of Patient-days),; (No. of Ventilator-associated pneumonia/no. of Ventilator-days),. 인공호흡기관련폐렴발생에영향을미치는주요인은흡인과기 Endotracheal colonization (%) p= Mechanical ventilation (days) Figure. A comparison of endotracheal colonization rates in study groups. =closed suction system; =open suction system. 관내균집락화이다 (Myrianthefs, Kalafati, Samara, & Baltopoulos, 4). 구강이나인두에존재하는정상상재균은건강한사람에게 는폐렴을유발하지않는상태로존재하지만, 인공호흡기사용환 자에게는폐렴의주요한원인균으로작용하게된다 (KAICN, 6; KOSNIC, 6). 특히중환자실재원기간이경과함에따라상재균 주는항생제내성을획득하게되며 (Grap & Munro, 4), 환자의인 공호흡기튜브와기관은환자가보균하고있는미생물로인해빠르 게집락화되어폐렴발생의위험이더욱높아진다 (Diaz, Rodríguez, & Rello, 5; KAICN, 6; Kollef et al., 997). 본연구에서흡인유형에따른분리균주수는폐쇄형흡인군 8 건, 개방형흡인군 건으로두군간차이가없어 Lorente 등 (5) 의연구와일치하였다. 기관내집락균주는 S. aureus 가폐쇄형흡인 군 6 건, 개방형흡인군 5 건으로두군모두에서가장많이분리되었 으며, 중환자실의료관련폐렴의주요원인균 (KAICN, 6; KOS- NIC, 6; Lee et al., 8) 으로알려져있는 A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae 등그람음성간균의분리율은폐쇄형흡인군 9 건 (5%), 개방형흡인군 8 건 (4%) 이었다. 이는의료관련감염의주요원 인균주인 MRSA 도 S. aureus 와동일하게비강및인후에집락을형 성하고, 중환자실입실환자의경우구강인후의집락세균총이그람 음성간균으로교체 (The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases, 7) 되기때문인것으로생각된다. 본연구에서분리된 S. aureus 는모두 MRSA 이었으며, imipenem 내성이거나광범위 β-lactamase 을생성하 는그람음성간균의비율도 5% 정도차지하였다. 이는전국병원감 시체계 (Lee et al.) 의중환자실의료관련감염원인균의내성균주분 리율인 MRSA 89.7%, imipenem 내성그람음성간균 5-65% 와유사 하였으나 9 년미국 National Healthcare Safety Network (Rosenthal et al., ) 의 MRSA 분리율이 56.8%, 그람음성간균의 imipenem 내
6 8 차경숙 박호란 성률이 -% 정도인것에비해높았다. 이는본연구의경우대상자가내과와신경외과중환자실환자로대부분만성기저질환이있거나신경외과수술을받아다제내성균주를보균할확률이높았기때문으로생각된다. MRSA와다제내성균주에의한의료관련감염은환자예후에큰영향을미치며, 이러한심각성때문에임상에서는항생제사용의제한과다제내성균주분리환자의격리, 접촉주의등을시행하고있다. 동일한균주가반복적으로분리되는경우, 즉한환자에게서 회이상분리되는경우는폐쇄형흡인군이개방형흡인군에비해유의하게많았다. 이는폐쇄형흡인술의경우흡인카테터의재사용으로인해호흡기계와기관표면에환자의호흡기계상재균으로인한균집락형성이증가된다는이전의연구결과와일치하였다 (Deppe et al., 99; Jung et al., 8; Topeli et al., 4). 폐쇄형흡인술이환자와인공호흡기연결관을분리하지않으므로오염된환경이나의료진의손을통한오염의위험은적지만폐쇄형흡인카테터의재사용으로인한자가오염의위험이높았다. 이를최소화하기위해서가능한한카테터내에남아있는객담을모두제거하고생리식염수로충분히세척하여청결하게유지하여야하며, 이를실무에적용하기위한노력이필요하다. 본연구결과기관내균집락화는인공호흡기사용기간이경과함에따라두군모두균집락률이증가하여선행연구결과 (Feldman et al., 999) 와일치하였다. 인공호흡기사용 일에서 8일까지기관내균집락률은개방형흡인군이폐쇄형흡인군보다높았으며, 기관내균집락화의중앙값은폐쇄형흡인군의경우인공호흡기사용 4일, 개방형흡인군의경우 일로폐쇄형흡인군의기관내균집락화가더느린것으로나타났다. 이는인공호흡기사용 6-84시간후균집락화가현저하게진행되고 (Feldman et al.), 4시간후에 5-65%, 4일후에약 8% 의균집락화가발생한다 (Cardeñosa Cendrero et al., 999; Luaces Cubells et al., 997) 는선행연구결과와유사하였다. 흡인과정중오염발생으로기관내균집락화의위험이높은개방형흡인술은다약제내성균이급격하게증가하고있는현재의료상황에서의료관련폐렴발생의위험을더욱높일수있다 (Diaz et al., 5; Kollef et al., 997). 특히면역력이저하되어있는중환자실환자의경우감염의위험이높으며, 이러한폐렴발생은환자의임상경과를더욱악화시킬수있다 (Siegel, Reinehart, Jackson, Chiarello, & Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, 7). 따라서개방형흡인시오염으로인한균집락화를예방하기위하여흡인전손위생과장갑착용은물론흡인관련물품의철저한관리가필요하다. 본연구결과인공호흡기관련폐렴은폐쇄형흡인군에서 건, 개방형흡인군에서 건발생하였으나통계적으로두군간유의한차이는없었다. 이는흡인유형에따라인공호흡기관련폐렴발생에는 차이가없었다는선행연구결과 (Deppe et al., 99; Jung et al., 8; Lorente et al., 6; Topeli et al., 4) 와일치하는것이며, 폐쇄형흡인의경우흡인시인공호흡기를분리하지않기때문에인공호흡기관련폐렴발생이감소하였다는연구 (Blackwood, 998; Combes et al., ; Lee et al., 4) 결과와는상이하여좀더많은환자를대상으로한추가연구가필요함을시사하고있다. 본연구에서인공호흡기관련폐렴발생률은인공호흡기사용일수,일당폐쇄형흡인군 4.건, 개방형흡인군 6.9건으로 Lorente 등 (5), Lorente 등 (6) 의연구결과보다낮았으나전국병원감시체계 (Lee et al., 8) 의 7-899병상기준인공호흡기관련폐렴발생률인.84건보다두군모두높아인공호흡기관련폐렴발생을감소시키기위한적극적인감염관리전략의마련이필요하다. 그러나인공호흡기관련폐렴발생률은연구 (Combes et al., ; Lorente et al., 6; Lorente et al., 5) 간에차이를보이고있으며, 이는연구대상기관의규모와대상자의특성, 감염관리수준의차이로인한것으로감염률의연구간직접비교에는한계가있다고생각된다. 이상의결과로기관지흡인술유형에따라기관내균집락화에차이가있는것을확인할수있었다. 비록인공호흡기관련폐렴발생률에는차이가없었으나인공호흡기사용기간이 8일미만인경우폐쇄형흡인술이개방형흡인술에비해기관내균집락률이낮아인공호흡기관련폐렴의발생위험을감소시키는데도움이될것으로생각된다. 본연구는흡인간호를중환자실간호사가수행함으로인해실험처치통제가엄격히이루어지지못하였고, 숙주요인등인공호흡기관련폐렴발생에영향을주는위험요인통제에어려움이있었다. 또한일개병원의적은수의환자를대상으로실시하였으므로대상자확대및위험요인을보정한반복연구가필요하다. 아울러흡인술이환자에게미치는영향뿐만아니라, 흡인술수행시발생할수있는주변환경오염이나교차감염을비교분석하여흡인술유형에따른감염전파의위험정도를사정하고감염관리방안을모색할수있는추후연구가필요할것으로사료된다. 결론본연구에서폐쇄형흡인술이개방형흡인술에비해인공호흡기사용기간이 8일미만인경우기관내균집락률이낮았다. 따라서인공호흡기관련폐렴발생의위험이높고예측이가능한위험군인심한기저질환이있는환자와면역억제환자, 두부나흉부수술로인해폐분비물배출에어려움이있는환자등의경우낮은기관내균집락화로인한폐렴예방효과를감안하여폐쇄형흡인술사용을고려해볼것을제안한다.
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