untitled

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "untitled"

Transcription

1 J Dent Hyg Sci Vol.14, No.3, 2014, pp RESEARCH ARTICLE 동기면담을적용한구강관리프로그램의효과 한예슬ㆍ배현숙ㆍ조영식 남서울대학교치위생학과 The Effect of Oral Health Care Program Based on Motivational Interviewing Ye-Seul Han, Hyun-Sook Bae and Young-Sik Cho Department of Dental Hygiene, Namseoul University, Cheonan , Korea The purpose of this study is to use basic data of dental hygiene curriculum with a new technique called motivational interviewing of communication skill to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method of oral health care. In this study, we performed oral health care program that has been made in dental hygiene department to university students. It was assigned to the control group and 66 and 32 experimental group based on the date of the first visit time. It conducted motivational interviewing of a total of three times in the experimental group. The analytical results of the measurements obtained in the oral examination and questionnaires. The results were as follows: The experimental group measured value was reduced after the intervention compared to before the PSR to evaluate the state of periodontal, gingival index, calculus index, plaque control record (PCR; O Leary plaque index), simple plaque scor of Quantitative Light Induced Fluorescnece Digital measurement value (p<0.05). Experimental group decreased more and more the result of changes in the reduction of the average of the PCR. But control group was reduced to 3 weeks and increased back to the middle 16 weeks. There was also support interaction between the measurement point and the groups (p<0.05). Re-visit adherence of fit, 12.1% in the control group, the experimental group was 43.7% in the period of participation in the oral health care program. Thus, visit adherence of the experimental group was higher. In this study, a group that has motivational interviewing, It was able to confirm the improvement of oral health state. Discussion of the motivational interviewing can be applied to oral health care program. Key Words: Motivational interviewing, Motivational interviewing program, Oral health care program 서론 개인의삶의질이향상되면서건전한건강관리및유지에초점이맞추어지고있다. 보편화된대중매체를통해일반인들의구강지식 (dental IQ) 이높아지고있지만치과병의원을찾는환자가줄어들지않음은여전히구강병은발생하고있다는사실을보여준다. 따라서구강건강을건강하게유지하고증진시키기위해합리적으로관리해야할필요성이강조되고있다 1). 이제치과계는치료목적이아닌예방에초점 을두어야할필요성이있다. 개인의구강건강관리능력을위해치과전문가들또한이에맞는능력과기술을갖추어야한다. 치과전문가입장에서대중이건강한구강상태를유지하는것은환자의참여와협조가요구되며, 개인의동기를유발시켜보다효과적인행동변화를일으키는것이중요하다 2). 오늘날직접적인행동으로연계되지않는모습은기존의지식전달의구강보건교육의문제점으로짐작할수있다 3). 지금까지주로보여지던구강보건교육은전문가가환자에게전문지식을주입시키고충고하는방법이었다. Received: May 2, 2014, Revised: June 30, 2014, Accepted: July 1, 2014 Correspondence to: Young-Sik Cho Department of Dental Hygiene, Namseoul University, 91, Daehak-ro, Seonghwan-eup, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan , Korea Tel: , Fax: , cyoungs@nsu.ac.kr It reconstruct the master's thesis in this paper. ISSN (Print) / ISSN (Online) Copyright 2014 by the Korean Society of Dental Hygiene Science This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2 J Dent Hyg Sci Vol. 14, No. 3, 2014 이러한지시적인교육방법은환자의동기를파악하여변화시키는목적보다는내용전달이우선순위로여겨졌다. 지난수십년동안사람의행동변화를연구하고규명하기위해다양한이론적모델들이제시되었고, 이러한이론을토대로행동변화의노력들을평가하고효과성을입증하기위해수많은실험및연구결과가발표되었다 4). 최근치과계에새롭게소개되고있는상담기법중하나인동기면담은 1983년 Miller 5) 에의해처음소개된내담자중심적이며지시적인기법의상담스타일이다. Miller 5) 는임상심리학자 Rollnick 등 6) 과함께동기면담을발전시켜다양한분야에서활발하게연구되었다. 동기면담은 Carl 7) 의인간중심사상의내담자중심적인측면을바탕으로기본정신을정립하였으며초기면담기법으로 Prochaska 등 8) 의범이론적변화단계모델을접목하여소개하였고이에맞추어 10 년간수많은연구가진행되어왔었다. 이러한임상결과를정리하면서한계점을느끼고 Miller 5) 는 2012년독자적인면담기법과새롭게개념정리를하여발표하였다 9). 새롭게정리된동기면담의과정은관계형성하기, 초점맞추기, 유발하기, 계획하기로정리되며선형적이고각단계가중복되는형식으로결정되어있다 9). Rollnick 등 6) 을포함하여많은연구자들과임상가들은동기면담을임상에적용하여환자들의변화가능성을기대하고활용하였다 10). 다양한진료장면에서다양한문제영역에서확대되어있는동기면담의적용을개발, 검증해왔다 11). 또한동기면담을현장에직접적용함에있어서상담의시간상제약문제가발생하였고간단한체계를구축할필요성을느껴면담시간을 10 20분으로설정하였다. 동기면담을하는방법은주로일대일면담법으로직접면담을하는것이일반적이지만, 기존임상연구에따르면전화를이용하여동기면담을하는방법도있다 12). 따라서상담시간을줄이고, 단기간의회기로충분한변화를이끌어내기위해새로운통합적인의사소통스타일이다듬어졌다. 치과계에동기면담을적용한연구가최근발표되고있으며 Rubak 등 13) 의연구에서는동기면담을적용한구강보건교육은전통적인지시적구강보건교육보다더효과적이라는결과를나타냈다. 또한동기면담적용이행동유발에미치는영향력을연구한 Koerber 등 14) 의연구에서는동기면담이환자와의라포형성에효과적이라는결과가나타났다. 모든행동의변화는만족하는결과를도출해낼수있으며구강보건교육에있어서도서로상호관계를위해효과적인방법이필요하다. 이제국내의치과계에서도동기면담을적용하여그효과를평가해야할필요성이있으며전통적인구강보건교육에서벗어나야함을인지하고새로운대책이 필요하다. 본연구는동기면담이라는새로운상담스타일을적용하여기존의전통적인구강보건교육방법을벗어나새로운구강관리프로그램개발을위한기초자료로사용하고자한다. 첫째, 동기면담의적용이구강상태변화에미치는효과를파악한다. 둘째, 구강관리프로그램시행기간동안의치면세균막지수변화를알아본다. 셋째, 구강관리프로그램의재방문준수도에영향을미치는요인을알아본다. 연구대상및방법 1. 연구대상본연구는천안소재대학교치위생학과에서진행하는구강관리프로그램에 2013년 4월 9일부터 5월 24일까지참여한사람중만 19세이상의대학생을대상으로선정하였다. 프로그램참여에동의한사람총 110명가운데치위생학과재학생 6명, 중도포기자 7명을제외하여총 98명을대상으로하였다. 대상자배정은실험군과대조군의정보교류방지를위하여프로그램첫방문날짜를기준으로 2013년 4월 9일부터 5월 2일까지첫방문한사람 66명을대조군, 5월 6 일부터 5월 24일까지첫방문한사람 32명을실험군으로배정한비동등성대조군전후설계를하였다. 2. 연구방법구강관리프로그램진행은대상자가주 1회씩총 3 4회치위생학과에방문하였을때치위생학과 4학년재학생이대상자에게임상치위생과정을기반으로구강관리를수행하였다. 첫방문시대조군과실험군에게설문지를통하여일반적인특성및구강관리실태를조사하며프로그램목적과진행과정에대하여설명하였다. 이어서구강상태를평가하고, periodontal screening and recording system (PSR), calculus index (CI), gingival index (GI), plaque control record (PCR; O Leary plaque index) 측정및 Quantitative Light Induced Fluorescnece Digital (QLF-D) 촬영을한후구강환경에따라치석제거및구강보건교육을진행하였다. 3주후대상자의마지막방문시구강관리상태를점검하고 PCR을측정하였다. 16주후모든대상자에게재방문을요청하였으며방문한대상자에게사전조사와동일한 PSR, CI, GI, PCR 측정및 QLF-D 촬영을하여구강관리평가를시행하였다. 288

3 한예슬외 : 동기면담을적용한구강관리프로그램의효과 1) 중재실행본연구는실험군에게총 3회의동기면담을진행하였으며본연구자가직접동기면담을시행하였다. 대조군에게는구강관리프로그램기간동안구강관리시행이외에어떠한중재도수행하지않았다. 동기면담의상담기술인열린질문하기, 인정해주기, 반영하기, 요약해주기기법을사용하여진행하였다. (1) 1차동기면담프로그램첫방문시 QLF-D 촬영을한직후시행하였다. 1대1 면담으로 1인당 7 10분정도소요되었다. 프로그램의간단한설명과프로그램참여계기에대한면담으로시작하여구강관리에관심있어하는모습을칭찬하였다. QLF-D 촬영을통해얻은사진을함께보면서구강관리의필요성과관리가부족한부분을확인하는방법으로면담을진행하였다. (2) 2차동기면담 3주후프로그램마지막방문시실험군 32명중 7명은직접방문하였으므로 1차면담과동일한방법으로 1대1 면담방법으로진행하였다. 2차 QLF-D 촬영을하여프로그램관리전후사진비교를통하여관리의필요성을재강조하였다. 마지막방문을하지않은 25명에게는전화를통하여자가구강관리방법및중요성에대한동기면담을진행하였다. (3) 3차동기면담 9주후일상으로돌아가생활하고있을 32명의실험군에게전화를통한동기면담을시행하였다. 꾸준한구강관리의지속여부와프로그램만족도및자가구강관리의중요성에대한내용을중점적으로진행하였으며전화를이용한면담을 1인당약 4 5분정도소요되었다. 3. 연구도구일반적특성및구강관리실태는설문지를이용하였으며구강관리실태내용은이닦는횟수, 하루간식섭취횟수, 이닦는시간, 이닦는방법, 사용하는칫솔과치약의종류, 치간칫솔및구강양치액사용유무로구성되어있다. 구강검사를실시하여임상적측정값을수집하였으며치주상태를중점적으로검사하였다. 치주상태를짧은시간내에평가하는 PSR, 탐침을이용하여잔존치석을평가하는치석지수 (CI), 치은출혈및염증정도는평가하는치은지수 (GI) 를산출하였으며, 치면세균막지수검사로는 PCR 을사용하였다. 또한초기우식진단장비 (QLF-D biluminator; Inspektor Research Systems BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) 를이용하여치면세균막의정량적인평가와분석값을수치화하였다. QLF-D는구강내세균이분비하 는포피린에서발생하는붉은형광을탐지하여디지털카메라형식으로일반사진과푸른광선의영상을얻을수있다. 형광영상에서성숙된치면세균막은붉은색으로나타나며분석값은 0에서 5점으로점수가낮을수록치면세균막지수가낮음을뜻한다. 4. 통계분석연구자료는 PASW Statistics 18.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) 을이용하여분석하였다. 특정변수에대해정규성검정을시행한결과하루이닦는횟수, 하루간식섭취빈도, simple plaque score (SPS) 값을제외한나머지변수들은정규분포를하였다 (p>0.05). 두집단간의일반적인특성에대한비교는독립표본 t검정 (independent samples t-test) 과카이제곱검정 (chi-square test) 을수행하였다. 또한구강검사를통한임상적측정값에대하여중재전후의비교는대응표본 t검정 (paired samples t-test) 과대응 2-표본검정 (Wilconxon sign ranks test) 을수행하였다. 구강관리프로그램기간동안총 3회측정한치면세균막지수변화에대한분석은반복측정분산분석 (repeated measure ANOVA) 을이용하여분석하였다. 방문준수도에영향을미치는요인을알아보기위하여이분형로지스틱회귀분석 (logistic regression analysis) 을실시하였다. 결과 1. 연구대상자의일반적인특성및동질성검정실험군과대조군의프로그램참여전특성은두집단간에차이가나타나지않아동질성이검증되었으며, 98명의일반적인특성분포는다음과같다 (Table 1). 실험군의평균연령은 22.75세이고, 대조군은 22.48세로나타났으며, 성별에서는실험군과대조군모두여학생이많이참여하였다. 또한대상자의구강관리실태조사결과하루이닦는횟수는실험군에서평균 2.25회, 대조군에서 2.48 회였으며, 하루간식섭취빈도는실험군 1.48회, 대조군 1.64회이고, 이닦는시간의평균은실험군 2.44분, 대조군 2.64분으로나타났다. 이닦는방법으로는묘원법과회전법과함께사용하는방법이다수의응답으로나타났다. 사용하는칫솔은두집단모두일반모 ( 실험군 78.1%, 대조군 68.2%) 를선택하였으며, 치약은일반불소함유치약 ( 실험군 87.5%, 대조군 83.3%) 을사용한다고응답하였다. 구강관리용품조사에서는두집단모두치간칫솔과구강양치용액은사용하지않는다는응답이많았으며대상자의구강관리습관및행태에서두집단간의통계적인차이는나타나지않았다. 289

4 J Dent Hyg Sci Vol. 14, No. 3, 2014 Table 1. General Characteristics of Intervention and Control Group at the Baseline Variable Intervention Control (n=32) (n=66) p-value Age (y) 22.75± ± Gender Male 23 (71.9) 41 (62.1) Female 9 (28.1) 25 (37.9) Frequency of use 2.25± ± toothbrush (1 day) Frequency of intake snack 1.48± ± (1 day) Time of use toothbrush (min) 2.44± ± Toothbrushing method Scrubbing method 13 (40.6) 21 (31.8) Rolling method 7 (21.9) 16 (24.8) Scrubbing+rolling 11 (34.4) 25 (37.9) method Fone s+scrubbing method 1 (3.1) 4 (6.1) Type of toothbrush General 25 (78.1) 45 (68.2) Tiny 6 (18.8) 20 (30.3) Electric toothbrush 1 (3.1) 1 (1.5) Type of toothpaste General toothpaste 28 (87.5) 55 (83.3) Fluoride toothpaste (NaF) 4 (12.5) 11 (16.7) Interdental toothbrushes Use 2 (6.3) 5 (7.6) Not use 30 (93.8) 61 (92.4) Oral solution Use 6 (18.8) 13 (19.7) Not use 26 (81.3) 53 (80.3) Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or n (%). 2. 동기면담을적용한구강관리에따른구강상태의변화프로그램참여전과재방문후대상자의구강검사결과실험군은모든임상적측정값에서통계적으로유의한감소를나타냈다 (Table 2). 실험군과대조군에대한프로그램참여전후의임상적측정값의비교결과실험군은 PSR (p=0.001), GI (p< 0.001), CI (p<0.001), PCR (p<0.001), SPS (p=0.008) 모든값에서통계적으로유의한차이를보였고, 대조군은 PCR (p<0.001) 을제외한나머지측정값에서는통계적으로유의하지않았다. 치면세균막지수 PCR값은프로그램참여에따라실험군과대조군모두통계적으로유의한감소를보였다. Table 2. Clinical Outcome Distributions between Intervention and Control Group at the Before and After Intervention Baseline 16 weeks p-value Periodontal screening record Intervention (n=14) 2.14± ± Control (n=8) 2.25± ± Gingival index Intervention (n=14) 0.89± ± Control (n=8) 0.73± ± Calculus index Intervention (n=14) 1.75± ± Control (n=8) 1.09± ± Plaque control record Intervention (n=14) 60.71± ± Control (n=8) 53.80± ± Simple plaque score Intervention (n=14) 1.29± ± Control (n=8) 0.13± ± Values are presented as mean±standard deviation. 3. 동기면담을적용한구강관리프로그램시행기간동안의치면세균막변화구강관리프로그램시행기간동안총 3회의치면세균막지수값을측정하여반복측정분산분석을시행한결과두집단간의차이는나타나지않았으나프로그램시행시점간의감소차이는나타났다 (Table 3). 치면세균막지수의 Mauchly의구형성검정결과유의확률은 0.164로구형성가정이성립됨을확인하였다. 실험군과대조군두집단간의치면세균막변화는통계적으로유의한차이가없었다 (p=0.644). 치면세균막을측정한총 3 회의시점간에는통계적으로유의한값을나타냈으며 (p< 0.001), 집단과측정시점간의교호작용은통계적으로유의하게나타났다 (p=0.031). 또한치면세균막감소양상에서실험군은총 3회기동안점차감소하고, 대조군은 3주차까지감소하다가 16주차 PCR 평균은다시증가하는양상을보인다 (Fig. 1). 4. 프로그램재방문준수도에영향을미치는요인구강관리프로그램참여 16주후전화를통해재방문을요청하였을때방문한사람은대조군 (12.1%) 보다실험군 (43.7%) 의방문준수비율이높았으며프로그램방문준수도에영향을미치는요인을알아보기위하여이분형로지스틱회귀분석을수행하였다 (Table 4). 회귀모형은통계적으로유의하였고 (χ²=42.906, p< 0.001), Cox & Snell의결정계수는 0.355이며, Nagelkerke 의결정계수는 0.541로나타나모형의설명력이 35.5%, 290

5 한예슬외 : 동기면담을적용한구강관리프로그램의효과 Table 3. Change of Plaque Control Record of Intervention and Control Groups Time Intervention (n=14) Control (n=8) Source F p-value Baseline 60.71± ±16.20 Group weeks 34.47± ±7.87 Time weeks 23.44± ±12.84 Group*time Group*time: interaction between group and time. Fig. 1. Comparison of plaque control record (PCR) within program period on each group. 54.1% 임을보여주고있다. 변수중그룹 (Wald=12.531, p< 0.001), 구강양치액 (Wald=9.793, p=0.002) 사용유무, PSR (Wald=6.371, p=0.012) 이재방문준수도에영향을미치는것으로나타났다. 다른변수의효과를통제한상태에서동기면담을적용한실험군이대조군보다재방문할가능성이 23.89배높으며, 구강양치액을사용하는사람이사용하지않는사람보다재방문할가능성이 21.73배, PSR이높은사람이낮은사람보다재방문할가능성이 12.19배높은것으로나타났다. 고찰 구강건강증진을위해수많은연구가진행되었고새로운프로그램을시도하여근거를입증하고있다. 국내에서도특정대상자를통한프로그램의효과연구가활발하다 15,16). 일반적인구강관리프로그램은대상자별로치면세균막을관리하는방법으로진행되었다. 특정한중재방법을사용하지않고, 구강보건교육이행동실천에영향을주는효과를보여주었다 16). 다양한프로그램을통해공통적으로도출되는결론으로구강건강유지에는환자의참여와협조가강하게요구되고, 이를촉진시킬수있는전문적인기술과능력이필요하다는점이있다. 본연구에서는동기면담이라는새로운상담기법을적용한구강관리프로그램에대해새로운 시도를해보았다. 동기면담은중독, 금연 17) 분야에서활발하게사용되고있으며, 치과계에도종종소개되고있다. 본연구는대학생을대상으로동기면담을적용한구강관리프로그램을시행하였다. 본연구를통해기존보다효과적인구강관리프로그램개발및구강보건교육방법을위한새로운기초자료를제시하고자진행하게되었다. 본연구결과어떠한중재를시행하지않은상태의실험군과대조군은동일한집단임을확인할수있었으며, 이를바탕으로중재및구강관리프로그램의효과를객관적으로확인할수있다. 또한본연구결과동기면담을적용한집단이임상적측정값의감소를나타냈다. 이는대조군보다동기면담을진행한실험군에게구강관리에대한필요성이인지되었고스스로자가구강관리를시행했다는임상적지표로서확인할수있다. Lalic 등 18) 의연구에서는교정환자를대상으로동기면담을적용하여전통적구강위생교육과비교하여연구하였다. 그의결과에서도실험군대조군모두에서통계적으로유의하게감소하였고, 동기면담을시행한실험군이대조군보다더큰치면세균막감소차이와치은염유발이감소됨을나타냈다. Godard 등 19) 의치주환자대상으로한연구또한동기면담시행집단이치면세균막지수감소량이더컸으며프로그램만족도도높았다. 이러한선행연구들과본연구는대상자를달리하여같은결과를얻었으므로동기면담시행은구강검사를통한임상적측정값의감소에영향을미치며효과적인구강관리를하는데훌륭한중재라고생각된다. 본연구에서는프로그램시행전, 프로그램시행마지막날, 프로그램시행 16주후로총 3회의치면세균막지수값을측정하였다. 치면세균막지수값은구강관리를평가하는가장기본적인방법으로서스스로이를얼마나효과적으로닦았는지를수치화하여검사할수있다. 프로그램에참여한실험군과대조군모두 3주후인프로그램마지막날전보다감소한측정값을나타냈다. 하지만 16주후재방문을통해치면세균막을재측정한결과실험군은계속해서감소하는양상을보였으나대조군은다시증가하는양상을나타냈다. 이는동기면담을진행함으로써개인의내적동기를유발시켜개인의행동변화에영향을미친다는것을유추할수있 291

6 J Dent Hyg Sci Vol. 14, No. 3, 2014 Table 4. Logistic Regression Analysis of the Effect of Factors on Visit Adherence at 16 Weeks Variable B Standard error Wald p-value Odds ratio 95% confidence interval Groups Control (ref.) Intervention Age (y) Gender Male (ref.) Female Regular checkup No (ref.) Yes Treatment experiment No (ref.) Yes Scaling experiment No (ref.) Yes Self oral care Toothbrush (1 day) Snack (1 day) Time toothbrush Interdental toothbrush No (ref.) Yes Oral solution No (ref.) Yes Clinical oral status PSR GI CI PCR SPS ref.: reference, PSR: periodontal screening and recording, GI: gingival index, CI: calculus index, PCR: plaque control record, SPS: simple plaque score. 다. 해외임상실험연구들을보면장기적인연구가많이보고되었다. Weinstein 등 20,21) 의연구는우식위험도가고위험도인아동들의어머니를대상으로동기면담적용이예방적행동강화모습을보이는것을 1년, 2년단위로확인하였다. Harrison 등 22-25) 의연구에서는 6 18개월아동의어머니를대상으로하루젖병사용, 자는동안의젖병사용, 부모의유치중요성에대해알아보기위한연구를진행한결과동기면담을진행한그룹에서는 2년후 decay-missing tooth-filling tooth가 46% 낮은결과를나타냈으며, 부모에게서예방적행동을증진시켰음을발표했다. 국내에는동기면담적용임상연구가활발하지않지만해외연구들을보면장기적인연구가많다. 이것은단기적인연구진행으로 서는결과의효과를입증하기어렵기때문에보다결과의확실성과동기면담의효과를입증하기위해서는추후에도계속해서장기적인연구가필요하다. 또한장기적인연구는뚜렷한결과를가져오며확실한근거로서뒷받침할수있는자료가될것이다. 해외연구를다양하게참고하여국내에서도여러방면으로접목해야할것이며더욱효과적인방법을모색해야하는노력이필요하다. 치과계의동기면담적용연구와마찬가지로동기면담시행은재방문준수도향상에영향을미친다. 본연구에서는구강관리프로그램진행후약 16주후에전화를통해재방문프로그램을시행하였다. 대조군과실험군의재방문준수도를비교한결과동기면담중재를시행한실험군의재방문 292

7 한예슬외 : 동기면담을적용한구강관리프로그램의효과 준수비율이대조군보다높게나타났다. 이는선행연구의결과가같은결과이다 26). 총 3회의동기면담은개인의내적동기를자극하여구강관리에관심도를높인것으로생각된다. 로지스틱회귀분석모형을통해실험군과대조군의동기면담중재여부가재방문준수도에유의한영향력을나타내는결과는충분히동기면담의효과를입증할수있다. 본연구의제한점은연구진행이하나의대학교내에서이루어져결과를일반화할수없다. 또한구강관리프로그램참여대상자들이프로그램에참여하게된목적이불분명하여구강관리에관심이없는상태로프로그램에참여하였다면구강관리의필요성과중요성을인지시키는데어려움이있었을것으로생각된다. 매년학교에서행해지는프로그램이기때문에학부생들과의친목을위해서방문했을가능성도배제할수없기때문이다. 프로그램 16주후재방문을요청하였을때, 대상자들은대학생이라는특성과개인적인학교생활, 군입대, 졸업및사생활로인해참여가불가능했던대상자가있었다. 연구대상자의특성과재방문프로그램진행과정의정확하고공정한상태를제공하지못하여연구결과에영향을미쳤을것으로생각된다. 하지만, 본연구에서는동기면담의효과를적은표본으로입증하였고, 프로그램시행자체는구강상태를개선시켰다. 막연한구강보건교육을통해개인의행동을변화시키기에는한계가있다. 정보전달위주의구강보건교육이아닌내적동기를이끌어낼수있는구강관리프로그램이필요할것이다. 또한국내에서처음으로동기면담이라는새로운상담기법을구강관리프로그램에적용시킨연구로서추후치과계연구에또다른하나의구강관리방법이될수있는기초자료로사용될것이라생각된다. 요약 본연구는구강건강개선을위해효과적인구강보건교육방법을모색하고자동기면담이라는새로운상담기법을적용한구강관리프로그램을진행하였다. 동기면담의효과를검증하고, 구강관리프로그램개발의기초자료로제시하고자대학생 98명을대상으로구강관리프로그램을시행하였다. 첫방문날짜를기준으로실험군 32명과대조군 66 명으로배정하였으며, 실험군에게는총 3회의동기면담을시행한결과다음과같은결과를얻었다. 1. 중재유무에따라프로그램참여전후의구강상태를비교한결과실험군에서유의한차이를나타냈다. 치주상태를평가하는 PSR, 치은지수, 치석지수, 치면세균막지수, QLF-D 측정값인 SPS 모두중재전보다중재후에측정값 이유의하게감소하였다 (p<0.05). 2. 구강관리프로그램시행기간총 3회동안치면세균막지수값을측정한결과두집단간의차이는통계적으로유의하지않았으나 (p>0.05), 3회의치면세균막측정시점간의차이는통계적으로유의하였으며집단과측정시점간의교호작용도유의한차이를나타냈다 (p<0.05). 3. 구강관리프로그램참여기간동안재방문준수도는실험군의방문준수도가높게나타났다. 또한프로그램재방문에영향을미치는요인을분석한결과동기면담을시행한집단이시행하지않은집단보다재방문할가능성이 배높았으며, 구강양치액을사용하는사람이사용하지않는사람보다 21.73배, 치주상태측정값 PSR이큰사람이 12.19배재방문할가능성이높은것으로나타났다 (p<0.05). 이상의결과를종합해보면, 동기면담의시행은구강상태를개선하며그가운데치면세균막감소에높은영향력이있음을확인할수있다. 또한동기면담을적용한집단은치면세균막지수가점차감소하는반면중재를시행하지않는집단은다시증가하는양상을나타내어동기면담의시행이행동유지에관련이있음을알수있다. 동기면담시행집단이재방문율이높고, 재방문준수에동기면담의영향력이있는것을확인하였으므로동기면담은구강관리프로그램에적용가능하며구강건강개선에영향력있는중재로이용될것으로생각된다. References 1. Kushnir D, Zusman SP, Robinson PG: Validation of a hebrew version of the oral health impact profile 14. J Public Health Dent 64: 71-75, Ramiseier CA, Suvan JE: Health behavior change in the dental practice. 1st ed. Wiley-Blackwell, Iowa, pp.24-58, Schmid MO, Salmelli OP: Plaque-removing effect of a toothbrush, dental floss, and a toothpick. J Clin Peridontol 3: , Han SJ, Hwang YS, Yoo JS, Kim YS: A study on oral health awareness, oral health behavior and dental caries among low socio-economic status children: the cases of local childrenʼs center in Incheon. J Dent Hyg Sci 8: , Miller WR: Motivational interviewing with problem drinkers. Behav Ther 11: , Rollnick S, Heather N, Bell A: Negotiating behavior change in medical settings: the development of brief motivational 293

8 J Dent Hyg Sci Vol. 14, No. 3, 2014 interviewing. J Mental Health 1: 25-37, Carl RR. Counseling and psychotherapy: newer concepts in practice, Hakjisa, Seoul, pp , Prochaska JO, Diclemente CC, Norcross JC: In search of how people change: applications to addictive behaviors. American Psychologist 47: , Miller WR, Rollnick S: Motivational interviewing-helping people change. 3th ed. Guilford Pubn, New York, pp.1-29, Rollnick S, Butler CC, Jim MC, Paul K, Elwyn G: Consultations about changing behaviour. BMJ 331: , Miller WR, Rollnick S: Motivational interviewing-preparing people for change. 2th ed. Guilford Pub, New York, pp.35-40, Weinstein P, Harrison R, Benton T: Motivating parents to prevent caries: confirming the beneficial effect of counseling. J Am Dent Assoc 137: , Rubak S, Sandbaek A, Laurritzen T: Motivational interviewing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brit J Gen Pract 55: , Koerber A, Crawford J, O'Connell K: The effects of teaching dental students brief motivational interviewing for smokingcessation counseling: a pliot study. J Dent Educ 67: , Jimenez M, Krall EA, Garcia RI, Vokonas PS, Dietrich T: Periodontitis and incidence of cerebrovascular disease in men. Ann Neurol 66: , Park MS, Kim JH: A study on awareness of dental treatment and oral health management during the period of pregnancy -focusing on women of childbearing ages and women of childbirth experience-. J Dent Hyg Sci 9: , Bledsoe LK: Smoking cessation: an application of theory of planned behavior to understanding progress through stages of change. Addict Behav 31: , Lalic M, Aleksic E, Gajic M, Millic J, Malesevic D: Does oral health counseling effectively improve oral hygiene of orthodontic patients? Eur J Paediatr Dent 13: , Godard A, Dufour T, Feanne S: Application of self-regulation theory and motivational interview for improving oral hygiene: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Periodontol 38: , Weinstein P, Harrison R, Benton T: Motivating parents to prevent caries in their young children (one-year findings). J Am Dent Assoc 135: , Weinstein P: Motivational interviewing concepts and the relationship to risk management and patient counseling. J Calif Dent Assoc 39: , Harrison R, Wong T: An oral health promotion program for an urban minority population of preschool children. Community Den Oral Epidemiol 31: , Harrison R, Bention T, Everson S, Winstein P: Effect of motivational interviewing on rates of early childhood caries: a randomized trial. Periatric Dent 29: 16-22, Harrison R, Veronneau J, Leroux B: Design and implementation of a dental caries prevention trial in remote Canadian aboriginal communities. Trials 11: 1-9, Harrison RL, Veronneau J, Leroux B: Effectiveness of maternal counseling in reducing caries in cree children. J Dent Res 91: , Jönsson B, Lindberg P, Oscarson N: Improved compliance and self-care in patients with periodontitis-a randomized control trial. Int J Dent Hyg 4: 77-83,

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   3 * Effects of 9th Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006;

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006; ,,.. 400,,,,,,.,,, -, -, -., 3.. :, Tel : 010-9540-0640, E-mail : sunney05@hanmail.net ,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012).

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

A Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   : Researc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * Experiences of Af

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Experiences of Af Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.201-229 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.201 * Experiences of After-school Class Caring by Married Early Childhood

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, 23 3 (, ) () () 25, (),,,, (,,, 2015b). 1 5,

., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, 23 3 (, ) () () 25, (),,,, (,,, 2015b). 1 5, * 4.,, 3,,, 3,, -., 3, 12, 27, 20. 9,,,,,,,,. 6,,,,,. 5,,,,.. * (2016),. (Corresponding Author): / / 303 Tel: 063-225-4496 / E-mail: jnj1015@jj.ac.kr ., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), 2000. 2015 () 65, 4 51,

More information

09È«¼®¿µ 5~152s

09È«¼®¿µ5~152s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 293~316 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2015. 12. 04 2015. 12. 24 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT

More information

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770>

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770> Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 2 : 258~264 Feb. 2015 ID3 알고리즘 기반의 귀납적 추론을 활용한 모바일 OS의 성공과 실패에 대한

More information

27 2, 17-31, , * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** ( :

27 2, 17-31, , * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** ( : 27 2, 17-31, 2009. -, * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** (: dminkim@cau.ac.kr) 18 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. Ⅰ. (,,, 2004). (,, 2006).,,, (Myrick,

More information

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할 저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는이저작물을개작, 변형또는가공할수없습니다. 귀하는, 이저작물의재이용이나배포의경우,

More information

04-다시_고속철도61~80p

04-다시_고속철도61~80p Approach for Value Improvement to Increase High-speed Railway Speed An effective way to develop a highly competitive system is to create a new market place that can create new values. Creating tools and

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: : A basic research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   : A basic research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.379-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.379 : A basic research for the after-school forest activities program models:

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of

More information

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: * Review of Research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Review of Research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.79-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.79 * Review of Research Trends on Curriculum for Students with Severe and multiple

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: A Study on the Opti

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI:   A Study on the Opti Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.127-148 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/11024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.127 A Study on the Optimization of Appropriate Hearing-impaired Curriculum Purpose:

More information

<C7D1B1B9B1B3C0B0B0B3B9DFBFF85FC7D1B1B9B1B3C0B05F3430B1C733C8A35FC5EBC7D5BABB28C3D6C1BE292DC7A5C1F6C6F7C7D42E687770>

<C7D1B1B9B1B3C0B0B0B3B9DFBFF85FC7D1B1B9B1B3C0B05F3430B1C733C8A35FC5EBC7D5BABB28C3D6C1BE292DC7A5C1F6C6F7C7D42E687770> 기혼 여성이 사이버대학에서 상담을 전공하면서 겪는 경험 방기연 (고려사이버대학교 상담심리학과 부교수) * 요 약 본 연구는 기혼 여성의 사이버대학 상담전공 학과 입학에서 졸업까지의 경험을 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한 다. 이를 위해 연구참여자 10명을 대상으로 심층면접을 하고, 합의적 질적 분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 입학 전 에 연구참여자들은 고등교육의 기회를

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

A Study on the Relationships between Self-Differentiation and Adaptability Factors for Senior Dementia Patients Care Givers Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Welfare Graduate University Full-time Lecturer

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: (LiD) - - * Way to

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   (LiD) - - * Way to Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.353-376 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.353 (LiD) -- * Way to Integrate Curriculum-Lesson-Evaluation using Learning-in-Depth

More information

27 2, * ** 3, 3,. B ,.,,,. 3,.,,,,..,. :,, : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/21 : 2009/09/30 * ICAD (Institute for Children Ability

27 2, * ** 3, 3,. B ,.,,,. 3,.,,,,..,. :,, : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/21 : 2009/09/30 * ICAD (Institute for Children Ability 27 2, 71-90. 2009. 3 * ** 3, 3,. B 2003 4 2004 2.,.,,,. 3,.,,,,..,. :,, : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/21 : 2009/09/30 * ICAD (Institute for Children Ability Development) ** ( : heyjun@gmail.com) 72 한국교육문제연구제

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: Awareness, Supports

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI:   Awareness, Supports Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.335-363 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.335 Awareness, Supports in Need, and Actual Situation on the Curriculum Reconstruction

More information

untitled

untitled J Dent Hyg Sci Vol. 15, No. 2, 2015, pp.159-165 http://dx.doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2015.15.2.159 RESEARCH ARTICLE 구강건강관리행위에따른치면세균막지수와의관련성 임순환ㆍ황지민 1 수원과학대학교치위생과, 1 백석문화대학교치위생과 Relationship of Oral Health Management

More information

04_이근원_21~27.hwp

04_이근원_21~27.hwp 1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: NCS : * A Study on

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI:   NCS : * A Study on Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.157-176 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.157 NCS : * A Study on the NCS Learning Module Problem Analysis and Effective

More information

서론

서론 - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - -

More information

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University

More information

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: An Exploratory Stud

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   An Exploratory Stud Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.423-441 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.423 An Exploratory Study on the Improvement of Democratic Consultative Culture

More information

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는이저작물을개작, 변형또는가공할수없습니다. 귀하는, 이저작물의재이용이나배포의경우,

More information

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있 대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   3 * The Effect of H Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on

More information

. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, ( )

. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, ( ) . 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ,. (, 2011),, 1980 5 49.9%, 4 (20.3%). 1985, 5 (39.0%), 4 (25.3%).

More information

.,,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,,, (, 2011)..,,, (, 2009)., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994;, 1995), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, (, 201

.,,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,,, (, 2011)..,,, (, 2009)., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994;, 1995), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, (, 201 4 21.,,,.,,. 1, 2, 3, 4.,,,,,,.,,,,., ( ). 60-66,,,,,.. (Corresponding Author): / / 303 Tel: 063-220-2495/ E-mail: ikkim@jj.ac.kr .,,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,,, (, 2011)..,,, (, 2009)., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994;,

More information

황지웅

황지웅 Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic

More information

歯제7권1호(최종편집).PDF

歯제7권1호(최종편집).PDF ********* (*, **, *** ).., 2002, 7, 1, 1-12. 2-5 80.,.,..,,... :,,. (naming).., (word finding), (lexical look- up), (lexical retrieval), (word recall) (Fried- Oken, 1987). (pause),,, (naming error) (Snyder

More information

인문사회과학기술융합학회

인문사회과학기술융합학회 Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement

More information

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3 27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI: : - Qualitative Met

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI:   : - Qualitative Met Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp.369-397 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.2.201806.369 : - Qualitative Meta-Synthesis on Child-Nurturing Experiences of Female

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Effect of Paren

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   * The Effect of Paren Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.95-116 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.95 * The Effect of Parent Education Program Using Action Learning on Family

More information

hwp

hwp 심사위원 심사위원 심사위원 인 인 인 - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - Ⅰ. 서 - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - 항목 건강하지못하다 주관적구강상태 보통이다

More information

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( )

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( ) :,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α=.83.91.,.,,..,,,.,. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ..,.,.,. Bandura(1997),.,,,,., (,,, 2009), (,,,, 2014).?.,,,.. Bandura (1995) (Resiliency

More information

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š Cho, Mun Jin (E-mail: mjcho@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The performance of tack coat, commonly used for layer interface bonding, is affected by application rate and curing time. In this study, bonding

More information

A 617

A 617 Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Study on the Pe

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   * A Study on the Pe Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.405-425 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.405 * A Study on the Perceptions and Factors of Immigrant Background Youth

More information

원고스타일 정의

원고스타일 정의 논문접수일 : 2015.01.05 심사일 : 2015.01.13 게재확정일 : 2015.01.26 유니컨셉 디자인을 활용한 보행환경 개선방안 연구 A Study on Improvement of Pedestrian Environment on to Uniconcept Design 주저자 : 김동호 디지털서울문화예술대학교 인테리어실용미술학과 교수 Kim dong-ho

More information

Vol. 20, December 2014 Tobacco Control Issue Report Contents Infographic 03 2014년 전 세계 FCTC 주요 이행현황 Updates 04 이 달의 정책 06 이 달의 연구 Highlights 09 담배규제기본

Vol. 20, December 2014 Tobacco Control Issue Report Contents Infographic 03 2014년 전 세계 FCTC 주요 이행현황 Updates 04 이 달의 정책 06 이 달의 연구 Highlights 09 담배규제기본 Vol. 20, December 2014 담배 없는 세상을 위한 전 세계의 노력 - WHO FCTC 2014 세계이행보고서 - 12 Infographic 2014년 전 세계 FCTC 주요 이행현황 Updates 이 달의 정책 이 달의 연구 Highlights 담배규제기본협약 이행보고 2014년 주요 이행현황 우리나라의 협약 이행수준 담배없는 세상을 위한 향후과제

More information

<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770>

<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770> J of Korean Tunn Undergr Sp Assoc 15(5)497-504(2013) eissn: 2287-4747 http://dx.doi.org/10.9711/ktaj.2013.15.5.497 pissn: 2233-8292 도로터널의 갱구부 경관설계가 터널 내부조명에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 이미애 1 ㆍ이동희 2 * 1 아이라이트 대표이사 2

More information

WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성 ( 황수경 ) ꌙ 127 노동정책연구 제 4 권제 2 호 pp.127~148 c 한국노동연구원 WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성황수경 *, (disabi

WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성 ( 황수경 ) ꌙ 127 노동정책연구 제 4 권제 2 호 pp.127~148 c 한국노동연구원 WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성황수경 *, (disabi WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성 ( 황수경 ) ꌙ 127 노동정책연구 2004. 제 4 권제 2 호 pp.127~148 c 한국노동연구원 WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성황수경 *, (disability)..,,. (WHO) 2001 ICF. ICF,.,.,,. (disability)

More information

00약제부봄호c03逞풚

00약제부봄호c03逞풚 경희대학교 동서신의학병원 약품 정보지 2 0 0 7. S P R I N G. V O L. 0 1 신약 소개 02 Journal Review 03 Special Subject 04 복약 지도 06 의약품 안전성 정보 07 약제부 알림 07 약제부 업무 소개 08 E A S T - W E S T N E O M E D I C A L C E N T E R 본 약품

More information

조사연구 권 호 연구논문 한국노동패널조사자료의분석을위한패널가중치산출및사용방안사례연구 A Case Study on Construction and Use of Longitudinal Weights for Korea Labor Income Panel Survey 2)3) a

조사연구 권 호 연구논문 한국노동패널조사자료의분석을위한패널가중치산출및사용방안사례연구 A Case Study on Construction and Use of Longitudinal Weights for Korea Labor Income Panel Survey 2)3) a 조사연구 권 호 연구논문 한국노동패널조사자료의분석을위한패널가중치산출및사용방안사례연구 A Case Study on Construction and Use of Longitudinal Weights for Korea Labor Income Panel Survey 2)3) a) b) 조사연구 주제어 패널조사 횡단면가중치 종단면가중치 선형혼합모형 일반화선형혼 합모형

More information

09권오설_ok.hwp

09권오설_ok.hwp (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction

More information

05-08 087ÀÌÁÖÈñ.hwp

05-08 087ÀÌÁÖÈñ.hwp 산별교섭에 대한 평가 및 만족도의 영향요인 분석(이주희) ꌙ 87 노 동 정 책 연 구 2005. 제5권 제2호 pp. 87118 c 한 국 노 동 연 구 원 산별교섭에 대한 평가 및 만족도의 영향요인 분석: 보건의료노조의 사례 이주희 * 2004,,,.. 1990. : 2005 4 7, :4 7, :6 10 * (jlee@ewha.ac.kr) 88 ꌙ 노동정책연구

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI: IPA * Analysis of Perc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI:   IPA * Analysis of Perc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp.45-72 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.2.201806.45 IPA * Analysis of Perception and Needs on Teaching Competencies of Faculty

More information

이용석 박환용 - 베이비부머의 특성에 따른 주택유형 선택 변화 연구.hwp

이용석 박환용 - 베이비부머의 특성에 따른 주택유형 선택 변화 연구.hwp 住居環境 韓國住居環境學會誌 第 11 卷 1 號 ( 通卷第 20 號 ) pp. 159~172 투고 ( 접수 ) 일 : 2013.02.28. 게재확정일자 : 2013.04.04. The change of housing choice by characteristics of the Baby Boomers Lee, Yong-Seok Park, Hwan-Yong Abstract

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 27(2), 2007, 96-121 S ij k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT j ij i j S ij S ij POP j SEXR j AGER j BEDDAT j k i a i i i L ij = S ij - S ij ---------- S ij S ij = k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * Suggestions of Ways

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   * Suggestions of Ways Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.65-89 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.65 * Suggestions of Ways to Improve Teaching Practicum Based on the Experiences

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Study on Teache

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Study on Teache Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.149-171 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.149 * A Study on Teachers and Parents Perceptions on the Introduction of Innovational

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:3~20 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/27, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] This study aims to comprehensively analyze

More information

( )Jkstro011.hwp

( )Jkstro011.hwp 비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy

More information

에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 17, Number 2, September 2018 : pp. 1~29 정책 용도별특성을고려한도시가스수요함수의 추정 :, ARDL,,, C4, Q4-1 -

에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 17, Number 2, September 2018 : pp. 1~29 정책 용도별특성을고려한도시가스수요함수의 추정 :, ARDL,,, C4, Q4-1 - 에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 17, Number 2, September 2018 : pp. 1~29 정책 용도별특성을고려한도시가스수요함수의 추정 :, ARDL,,, C4, Q4-1 - . - 2 - . 1. - 3 - [ 그림 1] 도시가스수요와실질 GDP 추이 - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - < 표 1>

More information

,,,,,,, ,, 2 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2001) 2

,,,,,,, ,, 2 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2001) 2 2004- - : 2004 5 11 :?,,,,,? Sen (human capability) 1?,, I 1 2 1 Sen A Why health equity? Health Econ 2002:11;659-666 2 1991 p 17 1 ,,,,,,, 20 1 2,, 2 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 3 1 (2001) 2 1),, 2), 2),, 3),,,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( :

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( : 27 2, 1-16, 2009. * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: jjhkim@cau.ac.kr) 2 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009 Ⅰ.,. 2008 3,536, 10 99.9% (, 2008). PC,, (, 2007). (, 2008),.,

More information

-07-......

-07-...... A Depth Interview on Qualification, Role, and Professionalism of Infant/Toddler Teachers Department of Child & Family Studies, Kyung Hee University Associate Professor : Ahn, Sun Hee Department of Early

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 김진주 김수연. 초등학생대상장애이해교육에활용된동화에나타난장애인관분석. 특수교육, 2013, 제12권, 제2호, 135-160... 20.,,. 4.,,.,..... 주제어 : 장애이해교육, 동화, 장애인관 1. ( 1 ) Incheon Munhak Elementary School ( )(, E-mail: sooyoun@ginue.ac.kr) Dept. of

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: A study on Characte

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   A study on Characte Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.381-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.381 A study on Characteristics of Action Learning by Analyzing Learners Experiences

More information

( )Kju269.hwp

( )Kju269.hwp 만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University

More information

Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅰ Ⅰ α < < < < < χ χ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅲ Ⅰ Bagozzi, R., & Dholakia, U. (2002). Intentional Social Action in Virtual Communities. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 16(2), 2-21. Borkovec, T. D. (1976).

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: * The Grounds and Cons

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI:   * The Grounds and Cons Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.63-81 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.63 * The Grounds and Consequences of the Elementary School Teachers' Trust Formation

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: * Strenghening the Cap

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI:   * Strenghening the Cap Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.27-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.27 * Strenghening the Capacity of Cultural Arts Required in Special Education

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Mediating Eff

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI:   * The Mediating Eff Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.159-177 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.159 * The Mediating Effects of Self-esteem on the Relationship between Social

More information

레이아웃 1

레이아웃 1 Disability & Employment 2011. 8. 제21권 제3호(통권 72호) pp.209~238 장애인의 직업재활을 위한 자기표현력 향상에 관한 집단미술치료 사례연구 임혜숙 서울사회복지대학원대학교 사회복지학과 교수 요 약 본 연구에서는 장애인의 직업재활동기를 강화시키고 지속시키는데 필요한 자기표현력 향상을 위한 집단미술치료의 영향에 관하여 사례연구를

More information

ABSTRACT QLF Concept and Clinical Implementation Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University Baek Il Kim, D.D.S., Ph.D. The leading paradigm of dentistry

More information

전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II)

전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - vii - - viii - - ix - -

More information

.. IMF.. IMF % (79,895 ). IMF , , % (, 2012;, 2013) %, %, %

.. IMF.. IMF % (79,895 ). IMF , , % (, 2012;, 2013) %, %, % *.. 8. Colaizzi 131, 40, 11.,,,.... * (2014). (Corresponding Author): / / 76 Tel: 041-550-2903 / E-mail: limkt3013@naver.com .. IMF.. IMF 1996 1.7% (79,895 ). IMF 1999 118,000 1980 5 2004 138,900 11 12.

More information

l l l l l l l l l Lee, Geon Kook None This project was designed to establish the Tumor Bank of National Cancer Center in 2000. From the first tumor sample in 2000, the total of tumor and tumor-related

More information

ISSN 제 3 호 치안정책연구 The Journal of Police Policies ( 제29권제3호 ) 치안정책연구소 POLICE SCIENCE INSTITUTE

ISSN 제 3 호 치안정책연구 The Journal of Police Policies ( 제29권제3호 ) 치안정책연구소 POLICE SCIENCE INSTITUTE 11-1320082-000013-09 ISSN 1738-2963 2015 제 3 호 치안정책연구 The Journal of Police Policies 2015. 12 ( 제29권제3호 ) 치안정책연구소 POLICE SCIENCE INSTITUTE : 통학버스를중심으로 차례 전병주 * 최은영 ** Ⅰ. 서론 1) Ⅱ. 이론적배경 Ⅲ. 연구방법 Ⅳ. 연구결과

More information

Rheu-suppl hwp

Rheu-suppl hwp Objective: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally

More information

04±èºÎ¼º

04±èºÎ¼º Introduction of Integrated Coastal Management Program and Sustainable Development of Fishing Villages in Cheonsu Bay Region* Boosung Kim** Abstract : Sustainable Development(SD) is an important concept

More information