이은혜외 가능성이높으며, 5대암중유방암검진의민감도가가장낮은것은부분적으로이런배경과연관되었을가능성이있다. 유방촬영판독법에대한단기집중교육프로그램인유방판독심화캠프 (mammography boot camp; 이하캠프 ) 에대한보고에의하면, 캠프를통하여영상의학과전문의의유방촬영판독
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1 Original Article pissn / eissn J Korean Soc Radiol 2014;71(6): Interpreting Performance of Mammograms by Radiology Residents Trained in Breast Imaging: Comparison with Radiologists Who Attended Mammography Boot Camp 1 유방영상을수련받은영상의학과전공의의유방촬영판독성취도 : 유방판독심화캠프에참가한영상의학과전문의와비교 1 Eun Hye Lee, MD 1, Sung Hun Kim, MD 2, Jin Kyung An, MD 3, Seon Hyeong Choi, MD 4, Suk Jung Kim, MD 5 1 Department of Radiology, Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea 2 Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 3 Department of Radiology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 4 Department of Radiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 5 Department of Radiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea Purpose: To compare the interpreting performance of mammograms between residents trained in breast imaging and radiologists who attended the mammography boot camp (MBC) suggesting directions for training in breast imaging. Materials and Methods: We compared the performance of 61 residents trained in breast imaging for more than 2 months at 21 institutions with that of 141 radiologists who attended MBC using the same test case series. We compared mean scores and rates of correct answers between the two groups and examined residents mean scores varied by institution. Results: Residents mean score was 60.9 ± 12.2 and radiologists mean scores were 56.0 ± 12.2 (p = 0.004) and 78.3 ± 9.2 (p < 0.001) before and after camp, respectively. Residents were superior to pre-camp radiologists in interpreting microcalcifications (70.5% vs. 56.4%; p < 0.001) and true-negative cases (71.8% vs. 59.2%; p < 0.001). They were inferior to post-camp radiologists in interpreting mass/asymmetry (56.7% vs. 86.6%; p < 0.001) and microcalcifications (70.5% vs. 90.3%; p < 0.001). The mean score of all institutions except one was 61.8 ± 9.4. Conclusion: Trained residents interpreting performance of mammograms is superior to that of pre-camp radiologists but inferior to that of post-camp radiologists. Substantial training in interpreting mammograms during residency is suggested. Index terms Breast Breast Neoplasms Mammography Education Received May 16, 2014; Accepted October 6, 2014 Corresponding author: Eun Hye Lee, MD Department of Radiology, Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon , Korea. Tel Fax grace@schmc.ac.kr This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This work was supported in part by the Soonchunhyang University Research Fund. 서론 우리나라는 1999년부터국가암검진사업을시작하여 40세이상여성을대상으로 2년마다유방촬영검사를시행하고있다 (1, 2) 년신규유방암환자수는 10 만명당 57.1명으로여성암중 14.3% 를차지하여갑상선암다음으로많았고, 연령표준화발생률도 1999년 24.5% 에서 2010 년 45.4% 로증가하였다 (3). 또한, 국가암검진중유방암의권고안이행수검률은 2004 년 33.2% 에서 2012 년 71.0% 로증가하였으며 5대암중 가장높다 (3). 그러나유방암검진성적은 5대암중가장낮은실정이다 (4, 5). 암조기검진사업실시기준에의하면국가암검진의유방촬영은영상의학과전문의가판독하도록규정되어있다 (6). 그러므로유방암검진에서영상의학과전문의의역할이매우크다고할수있다. 그런데전공의연차별수련교과과정이 1979 년부터고시되었는데영상의학과 ( 구진단방사선과 ) 의전공의연차별수련교과과정에유방영상이포함된것은 2002 년이다 (7). 따라서그이전에는유방촬영판독법에대한수련이충분하지않았을 288 Copyrights 2014 The Korean Society of Radiology
2 이은혜외 가능성이높으며, 5대암중유방암검진의민감도가가장낮은것은부분적으로이런배경과연관되었을가능성이있다. 유방촬영판독법에대한단기집중교육프로그램인유방판독심화캠프 (mammography boot camp; 이하캠프 ) 에대한보고에의하면, 캠프를통하여영상의학과전문의의유방촬영판독성취도가증가되었으며, 참가했던전문의의연령이나소속기관의의료기관종별유형에상관없이교육효과가동일하게나타났다 (8, 9). 또한, 캠프를통하여유방촬영판독법에대한교육의중요성이입증되었으므로캠프를지속적으로운영한다면향후유방암검진의성적향상을기대할수있다고예측하였다. 유방촬영판독성취도연구에의하면, 유방영상을수련받은전공의는비수련군보다유방촬영판독성취도가높았으며수련기간에비례하여판독성취도가향상되었다 (10). 그러므로유방영상에대한전공의수련이본격적으로시작된지 10 년이상경과한현재에는유방촬영판독법에대한교육이이루어지고있음을확인할수있었다. 그렇다면, 현재의전공의들은유방영상수련환경이상대적으로열악했던기존전문의들보다유방촬영판독성취도가우수한지, 유방촬영판독에대해충분한수련을받고있는지의문이생긴다. 따라서본연구에서는유방영상을수련받은영상의학과전공의와유방판독심화캠프에참가한영상의학과전문의의유방촬영판독성취도를비교함으로써유방영상분야의전공의수련방향을설정하는데도움이되고자하였다. 대상과방법 대상군설정영상의학과수련기관 80 개중 21 개기관을연구대상으로선정하였다. 선정기준은이전에시행한전공의유방촬영판독성취도연구 ( 이하선행연구 ) 에참여했던 21 개기관과캠프강사가소속된 21 개기관중에서선택하였다 (8-10). 그중다음기관은제외하였다 : 1) 선행연구에서유방촬영판독에대한수련효과가없는것으로나타났거나, 2) 수련효과를평가할수없었던기관, 3) 유방영상지도전문의가해외연수중인기관. 여기에지역안배를위하여한기관을추가하였다. 21 개기관중선행연구에서수련효과가증명된기관과선행연구에참여하지는않았으나캠프강사가소속된기관은각각 10 개였고, 캠프강사가소속된기관은 16 개였다 년 7월을기준으로대상기관에서유방영상을 2개월이상수련받은전공의 ( 이하유방수련전공의 ) 를선정하였다. 2개월로기준을정한이유는, 선행연구에의하면유방영상수련기간이평균 1.8 ± 0.7개월이었기때문이다 (10). 대상기관중유 방영상지도전문의가유방외의다른분야를같이지도하는기관은 4개였는데이경우는수련기간을 1/2로나누어대상자를선정하였다. 대상자는총 61 명이었고, 2013 년 7월부터 8월까지유방촬영판독평가를시행하였다 년 1월부터 7월까지유방판독심화캠프를 4차례시행하였으며여기에참가한 141 명의전문의 ( 이하캠프참가전문의 ) 를대상으로교육전후에평가를시행하였다. 캠프참가전문의중 2012 년과 2013 년신규전문의는 2014 년에발행된대한영상의학회회원명부를이용하여전공의수련기관을확인하였다. 평가증례준비평가증례는 25개였는데모두디지털유방촬영장비 (Senograph DS R ; GE, Buc, France) 로촬영되었고, Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine ( 이하 DICOM) 형식으로영상파일을준비하였다. 대한유방영상의학회임원들이후보증례 30 예를미리검증하였고그결과를토대로 25 개의평가증례를선정하였다. 그중유방암이 18 예있었는데모두선별유방촬영에서발견된무증상증례였으며본원에서총생검으로진단된후수술로최종확진되었다. 진음성 (true-negative) 증례는 6개였는데 2년후시행한추적검사에서유방암이발견되지않았다. 가양성 (false-positive) 증례 1개는총생검에서섬유낭성변화 (fibrocystic change) 로진단된종괴였으며 6개월추적검사에서변화가없었다. 유방암증례의유형은종괴혹은비대칭음영 13 예 ( 그중 4예는미세석회화동반 ), 음영증가를동반하지않은순수한미세석회화 4예, 그리고액와임파선비후 1예였다. 평가방법동일한증례를이용하여전공의와전문의를평가하였다. 평가증례의 DICOM 파일을압축하여대상기관의유방영상지도전문의에게엑셀파일형태의답지및설문지와함께이메일로전송하였다. 지도전문의가유방판독실의 Picture Archiving and Communication System ( 이하 PACS) 컴퓨터에증례파일을설치한후전공의가자유시간을이용하여평가증례를판독하였다. 평소의유방촬영판독환경과동일한조건에서판독하되판독시간은캠프와동일하게 30분으로제한하였다. Breast Imaging- Reporting and Data System 범주 (category) 4, 5의유방암의심증례만소환하도록하였다 (11). 판독결과는번호로표시하였는데정상혹은양성증례는 1, 오른쪽유방암의심증례는 2, 왼쪽유방암의심증례는 3, 양쪽유방암의심증례는 4로엑셀파일에입력하였다. 전공의가답지와설문지작성을완료하면지도전문의가취합하여이메일로전송하였다. 결측치는오답으로처리하였고정답문항개수에 4를곱하여점수를산출하였다. jksronline.org 대한영상의학회지 2014;71(6):
3 유방영상을수련받은영상의학과전공의의유방촬영판독성취도 : 유방판독심화캠프에참가한영상의학과전문의와비교 캠프참가전문의의교육전평가는빔프로젝터를이용하였 고, 교육후평가는전공의와동일하게개별 PACS 환경에서 30 분동안진행하였다. 교육전후평가방법에대한자세한설 명은 Lee 등 (9) 의논문에기술되어있다. 전공의에게설문지를작성하도록하였는데항목은평가날 짜, 소속기관, 성별, 연차, 본인의유방영상수련기간 ( 개월수 ), 본인이생각하는유방영상의적정수련기간등이었다. 유방영 상지도전문의가다른분야를같이지도하는경우에는수련기 간을 2 로나눈값을입력하도록하였다. 그밖에유방판독심화 캠프에대한인지여부, 전공의를대상으로하는유방판독심화 캠프의필요성여부및그에대한이유를조사하였다. 결과분석 유방수련전공의의판독평가평균점수와캠프참여전문의의 교육전후판독평가평균점수를비교하였으며, 캠프참가신규전 문의의교육전후판독평가점수와도비교하였다. 비교하기전에 Shapiro-Wilk test 를이용하여각그룹의평가점수가정규분포를 보이는지확인하였다. 정규분포인경우는 two sample t-test, 그 렇지않은경우는 Wilcoxon Rank sum test 를이용하여비교하였 다. 유방수련전공의와캠프참가전문의에서 chi-square test 를 이용하여유방촬영소견별, 문항별정답률을비교하였다. 유의수 준은 p < 0.05 로정하였으며, 통계프로그램은 SAS software version 9.2 (SAS Inc., Cary, NC, USA) 를이용하였다. 또한, 전 공의평균점수의분포도를기관별로살펴보았다. 결과 Mean score 21 개수련기관에서대상군에해당되는 61 명의전공의가모 Trained residents Pre-camp radiologists Post-camp radiologists Fig. 1. Mean scores of radiology residents trained in breast imaging and radiologists attended in mammography boot camp. The score of test case series of trained residents was higher than that of pre-camp radiologists whereas it was significantly lower than that of post-camp radiologists. 두참여하였다. 기관별참여인원은평균 2.8명이었는데 1명인기관이 4개, 2명 8개, 3명 1개, 4명 5개, 6명 3개였다. 연구대상중 1년차는없었고 2년차 10 명, 3년차 21 명, 4년차 30 명이었다. 성별분포는남자 30 명, 여자 31 명이었다. 캠프참가전문의는남자 63 명, 여자 78 명이었고나이는 40 대미만 41 명, 40 대 46 명, 50 대 35 명, 60 대 19 명이었다. 캠프참가신규전문의는 20 명이었는데 2013 년 13 명, 2012 년 7명이었으며한명을제외하고모두 40 대미만이었다. 신규전문의 20 명중 13 명은본연구의대상기관에서수련받았고, 1명은연구대상기관은아니지만캠프강사가소속된기관에서수련받았으며, 2명은선행연구 (10) 에서수련효과가없는것으로나타났던기관에서수련받았다. 나머지 4명은그외기관에서수련받았는데수도권과지방소재기관이 2개씩있었다. 유방수련전공의의유방촬영판독평가평균점수는 60.9 ± 12.2였다. 캠프참가전문의의교육전점수는 56.0 ± 12.2였고, 교육후점수는 78.3 ± 9.2였다. 유방수련전공의의점수는교육전전문의보다높았으나 (p = 0.004), 교육후전문의보다는낮았다 (p < 0.001)(Fig. 1). 또한, 전공의의점수는신규전문의의교육전점수보다높았으나 (52.8 ± 14.5; p = 0.018), 교육후점수보다는낮았다 (78.8 ± 7.5; p < 0.001). 유방촬영소견별정답률을비교했을때, 전공의가캠프교육전전문의보다우수한유형은미세석회화 (70.5% vs. 56.4%; p < 0.001) 와진음성증례 (71.8% vs. 59.2%; p < 0.001) 였다 (Table 1). 액와임파선비후 (54.1% vs. 53.2%; p = 0.910) 와가양성증례 (18.0% vs. 27.0%; p = 0.170) 는양군간에차이가없었다. 유방촬영소견별정답률비교에서전공의가캠프교육후전문의보다우수한유형은진음성증례였다 (71.8% vs. 56.7%; p < 0.001)(Table 1). 그러나종괴혹은비대칭음영 (56.7% vs. 86.6%; p < 0.001) 과미세석회화 (70.5% vs. 90.3%; p < 0.001) 증례는교육후전문의보다정답률이낮았다. 가양성종괴도교육후전문의보다정답률이낮았으나 (18.0% vs. 62.4%; p < 0.001), 임파선비후는차이가없었다 (54.1% vs. 68.1%; p = 0.060). 문항별정답률을비교했을때전공의가캠프교육전전문의보다우수한문항은 25 개중 6개였다 (Table 2). 나머지 17 개문항은양군간에차이가없었고, 2개문항은교육전전문의정답률이더높았다. 전공의정답률이높았던문항은진음성증례가 3개였고 (6, 15, 19번 ), 종괴와미세석회화증례 (4번) (Fig. 2), 미세석회화를동반한비대칭음영증례와순수한미세석회화증례가각각 1개였다 (16 번과 21 번 ). 양군간에차이가없었던문항은유방암증례 13 개, 진음성증례 3개, 가양성 290 대한영상의학회지 2014;71(6): jksronline.org
4 이은혜외 Table 1. Rates of Correct Answers According to Mammographic Findings: Comparing Radiology Residents Trained in Breast Imaging and Radiologists Attended in Mammography Boot Camp Total Reader (n = 202) Mammographic Findings Number of Cases Radiologists (n = 141) Residents (n = 61) Pre-Camp Post-Camp Mass or asymmetry ( )* 56.3 ( ) 86.6 ( ) Microcalcifications ( )*, 56.4 ( ) 90.3 ( ) Negative ( ), 59.2 ( ) 56.7 ( ) Note.-*Rate of correct answer was significantly lower in trained residents compared to post-camp radiologists. Rate of correct answer was significantly higher in trained residents compared to pre-camp radiologists. Rate of correct answer was significantly higher in trained residents compared to post-camp radiologists. Table 2. Rates of Correct Answers in the Representative Cases: Comparing Radiology Residents Trained in Breast Imaging and Radiologists Attended in Mammography Boot Camp Total Reader (n = 202) Case No. Pathologic Results Mammographic Findings Radiologists (n = 141) Residents (n = 61) Pre-Camp Post-Camp 2 IDC Mass 54.1 (33) 72.3 (102) 95.0 (134) 4 IDC with DCIS Mass with calcifications 85.2 (52)* 63.1 (89) 99.3 (140) 6 Not applicable Negative 65.6 (40)*, 50.4 (71) 44.7 (63) 8 IDC Mass 39.3 (24) 54.6 (77) 85.1 (120) 15 Not applicable Negative 62.3 (38)*, 37.6 (53) 28.4 (40) 16 IDC Asymmetry 49.2 (30)* 18.4 (26) 72.3 (102) 19 Not applicable Negative 83.6 (51)*, 63.8 (90) 63.1 (89) 21 DCIS Microcalcifications 80.3 (49)* 32.6 (46) 98.6 (139) 23 Not applicable Negative 78.7 (48) 73.8 (104) 61.0 (86) Note.-Numbers in parentheses are the numbers of correctly answered residents or radiologists. *Rate of correct answers was significantly higher in trained residents compared with pre-camp radiologists. Rate of correct answers was significantly higher in trained residents compared with post-camp radiologists. DCIS = ductal carcinoma in situ, IDC = invasive ductal carcinoma, No = serial number of the case test series 증례 1개였다. 전공의보다교육전전문의정답률이더높았던 2개문항은모두종괴증례였고 (2, 8번 ), 유선층 (mammary zone) 과지방층 (pre- and retromammary fat layer) 의경계에위치하였다 (Fig. 3). 문항별비교에서전공의가캠프교육후전문의보다정답률이높았던문항과차이가없었던문항은각각 4개였으며, 나머지 17 개문항은교육후전문의정답률이더높았다. 전공의정답률이높았던문항은모두진음성증례였는데그중 3예 (6, 15, 19 번 ) 는캠프교육전후모두전공의가전문의보다정답자가많았고, 나머지한예 (23 번 ) 는교육전에는차이가없었으나교육후에전문의정답자가오히려감소하면서전공의정답자가상 대적으로많아진경우였다 (Table 2). 전공의정답률이교육후전문의보다낮았던문항은유방암증례 15 개, 진음성과가양성증례가각각 1개였다. 양군간에차이가없었던문항은유방암증례 3개와진음성증례 1개였다. 유방수련전공의의유방촬영판독평가에대한기관별점수는평균 61.8 ± 9.4( 범위, 30.0~72.0) 였으며 2번기관만제 A B Fig. 2. The case number 4. An asymtomatic 51-year-old woman. Right mediolateral oblique view (A) shows an irregular spiculated isodense mass (arrow) with architectural distortion and clustered microcalcifications in the upper posterior portion that was confirmed to be invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ, respectively. Left mediolateral oblique view (B) shows negative finding. jksronline.org 대한영상의학회지 2014;71(6):
5 유방영상을수련받은영상의학과전공의의유방촬영판독성취도 : 유방판독심화캠프에참가한영상의학과전문의와비교 외하고대체로고른분포를보였다 (Fig. 4). 이기관은선행연구에는참여하지않았으나지도전문의가캠프강사로활동했던기관중하나였으며 4년차 2명이평가에참여하였다. 연구대상전공의들의유방영상수련기간은평균 2.4개월이었는데 2개월이 40 명 (65.6%), 3개월이 17 명 (27.9%) 이었고, 4개월은 4명 (6.5%) 이었다. 전공의중 47명 (77.0%) 이유방영상수련이부족하다고응답했는데 2개월수련받은전공의들은전원이부족하다고응답하였고 (40 명 ), 3개월수련받은전공의중 6명 (35.3%) 과 4개월수련받은전공의중 1명 (25.0%) 이부족하다고하였다. 반면에, 충분하다고응답한전공의는 14 명 (23.0%) 이었는데 3개월수련받은전공의중 11명 (64.7%) 과 4개월수련받은전공의중 3명 (75.0%) 이었다. 전공의들이희망한유방영상에대한적정수련기간은평균 3.7개월이었는데 3개월을희망한전공의가 31 명, 4개월은 23 명, 5개월과 6개월이 3명씩있었으며, 8개월을희망한전공의도 1명있었다. 유방판독심화캠프에대해알고있다고응답한전공의는 22 명 (36.1%) 이었고, 그렇지않은전공의는 39 명 (63.9%) 이었다. 전공의를대상으로하는유방판독심화캠프가필요하다고응답한전공의는 36 명 (59.0%) 이었는데그중캠프에대해알고있는전공의는 17 명 (77.3%) 이었다. 전공의대상의캠프가필요한이유로는체계적교육과실습을통한판독수준향상 14 명, 수련평준화 4명, 초음파검사를할때도움받기위함 1명이었고, 나머지 17 명은구체적인이유를기재하지않았다. 전공의대상의캠프가불필요하다고응답한전공의는 10명 (16.4%) 이었으며캠프에대해알고있는전공의와그렇지않은전공의가각각 5명이었다. 불필요한이유는현재의수련만으로도충분하다 5명, 유방전공자한테만필요하다 2명, 초음파검사위주로진료하므로필요하지않음 1명이었고, 2명은구체적인이유를기재하지않았다. 나머지 15 명은전공의대상캠프의필요성여부에대해응답하지않았는데이들은모두캠프에대해모른다고응답한전공의였다. 고찰 A B Fig. 3. The case number 8. An asymtomatic 53-year-old woman. Left mediolateral oblique view (B) shows a round partially obscured isodense mass (arrow) in the lower mid portion that was confirmed to be an invasive ductal carcinoma. Right mediolateral oblique view (A) shows negative finding. 본연구에서 2개월이상유방영상을수련받은전공의의유방촬영판독평가점수는캠프참가전문의의교육전점수보다높았고, 한기관을제외하고기관별로고르게분포하였다. 이는 2002 년부터유방영상이전공의연차별수련교과과정에포함된이후로전공의에대한유방영상수련이일정수준으로이루어지고있음을의미한다. 특히, 유방수련전공의는교육전전문의보다미세석회화형태의유방암과진음성증례의정답률이더높았는데이것은유방수련전공의가기존전문의보다지식적인면에서는우수함을의미하는것으로생각된다. 이는바람 Mean score Serial number of institution Fig. 4. Mean scores of radiology residents trained in breast imaging according to the institutions. Note. Dotted line = mean level of the test scores of all residents enrolled in this study 292 대한영상의학회지 2014;71(6): jksronline.org
6 이은혜외 직한교육효과로생각되며, 유방영상을수련받은전공의가비수련군보다유방촬영판독성취도가높다는선행연구결과와도일치한다 (10). 유방촬영소견별비교에의하면, 종괴혹은비대칭음영형태의유방암에서유방수련전공의와캠프교육전전문의의정답률이비슷했지만, 문항별비교에서는유선층과지방층의경계에위치한유방암종괴에서전공의가교육전전문의보다정답률이낮았다. 이는유방수련전공의들이유방암에대한지식은갖추고있으나인지력 (perception) 을요하는증례에는상대적으로취약하다는의미로해석할수있다. Brem 등 (12) 은선별유방촬영의판독오류중약 60% 가인지오류에위한것이라고보고하였다. 인지오류는판독자의경험과연관이있는데 Rawashdeh 등 (13) 은유방촬영판독성취도를일정하게유지하려면연간판독량이최소한 1000 건이상이어야한다고보고하였다. 본연구의선행연구에의하면, 수련효과군의월간유방촬영판독량은비효과군보다더많았으나 (594.0 vs ; p = 0.008), 유방영상수련기간이평균 1.8개월이었으므로 (1.8 ± 0.7 vs. 1.6 ± 0.7; p = 0.161) Rawashdeh 등 (13) 이제시한최소기준에는미치지못하였다. 따라서전공의들의인지력이지식에비해상대적으로낮은이유는이러한판독경험의차이로생각된다. 그러므로만약희망하는고년차전공의에한해서혹은전문의첫해에유방판독심화캠프등의단기집중교육을시행한다면이런취약점이극복될수있을것이다. 본연구에서유방수련전공의의유방촬영판독평가점수는캠프교육후전문의보다낮은것으로나타났는데그이유는종괴, 비대칭음영, 미세석회화유형의유방암에서교육후전문의정답률이현저히증가했기때문이다. 따라서유방영상에대한전공의수련을예전보다는많이하고있지만유방촬영판독에국한해서생각한다면수련내용이충분하지는않다고생각되므로앞으로유방촬영판독에대한수련비중을좀더늘릴필요가있다. 한편, Lee와 Lyou (10) 에의하면수련기관중약 31.6% 는수련효과가없는것으로나타났기때문에유방수련을제대로받지못한기존전문의뿐만아니라수련받은전공의도캠프참여를통해서추가적인판독성취도향상을기대할수있으며, 이런경우는기존전문의들보다교육효과가더욱뚜렷하게나타날것으로생각된다. 캠프참가신규전문의는연구대상전공의와비슷한시대에수련을받았고, 신규전문의중 65.0% 가연구대상전공의가속한기관에서수련을받았음에도불구하고전공의의판독성취도가교육전신규전문의보다높았다. 연구대상수련기관중 76.2% 는캠프강사가소속된기관이라는점을고려할때유방영상지도전문의들이 2012 년부터캠프강사로참여하면서유방 촬영판독에대한교육효과를직접경험함으로써최근전공의에대하여이전보다판독교육을강조했을것으로추정되며이것이전공의와신규전문의의점수차이로나타났을것으로생각된다. 한편, 대상기관중 76.2% 에서유방영상지도전문의가캠프강사로활동했는데이들의평소전공의에대한교육내용과캠프참가전문의에대한교육내용이크게다르지는않을것이다. 그러므로강사들이캠프에서하는만큼소속기관의전공의를열성적으로가르친다면전공의의유방촬영판독성취도가더욱향상될수있을것이다. 진음성증례인경우유방수련전공의의정답률이캠프참가전문의보다유의하게높았다. 전공의정답률이교육전전문의보다높은것은수련기간이증가할수록위양성률이의미있게감소한다는선행연구결과 ( 비수련 25.5%, 1개월 16.4%, 2개월 12.6%, 3개월 11.8%) 와일치한다 (10). 반면에, 전공의정답률이교육후전문의보다도높은이유는전공의는일상생활중에평가를시행했지만전문의는단기집중교육직후에평가를시행했기때문에일종의급성효과 ( 부작용 ) 로인해위양성률이오히려증가한것으로생각된다. Miglioretti 등 (14) 은유방영상전임의를하지않은경우선별유방촬영의위양성판독 (false-positive reading) 이첫 3년간매년 11~15% 씩감소한다고하였는데본연구에서나타난교육후전문의의높은위양성률은이런맥락으로이해할수있으며, 시간이지남에따라점차감소할것으로기대한다. 본연구에서유방수련전공의의평균수련기간은약 2.4개월로나타났는데선행연구이후 3년이경과한시점에서약 0.6 개월이증가했음을알수있다. 그러나전공의들은여전히유방영상수련이부족하다고인식하고있었으며약 3.7개월의수련기간을원하였다. 그러나전공의수련기간이한정되어있으므로유방영상에 4개월이상할애하는수련기관은많지않을것이다. 그러므로각기관의상황에맞게유방수련기간을적절히배정하되, 희망하는고년차전공의에한해서혹은전문의첫해에유방판독심화캠프등의단기집중교육을시행한다면부족한부분을채울수있을것으로생각된다. 본연구의제한점은연구대상의대표성이다. 연구대상에포함된전공의와캠프참가전문의가유방수련전공의전체와기존전문의전체를대표한다고볼수있는가하는점인데연구대상수련기관들이모두대학병원이고, 그중약절반은선행연구에서이미수련효과가증명된기관들이므로연구대상전공의들은유방수련전공의들전체보다수련환경과판독성적이더좋을가능성이있다. 또한, 2박 3일일정의캠프에참가한전문의들은유방영상에대한관심도가높고적극적인성향이라고볼수있으므로일반적인기존전문의들보다역시판독성적이더 jksronline.org 대한영상의학회지 2014;71(6):
7 유방영상을수련받은영상의학과전공의의유방촬영판독성취도 : 유방판독심화캠프에참가한영상의학과전문의와비교 좋을가능성이있다. 그러나이런제한점에도불구하고, 유방수련전공의의판독성취도가전공의시절에유방수련의기회가충분하지못했던기존전문의보다우수하게나타났기때문에그동안의유방수련효과를객관적으로증명했다는점에서본연구의결과는선행연구에대한후속과제로서충분히의미있는것으로생각된다. 결론적으로, 유방영상을 2개월이상수련받은영상의학과전공의의유방촬영판독성취도는유방판독심화캠프에참가한전문의의교육전점수보다높았으며, 미세석회화와진음성증례에서전공의정답률이높았다. 그러나교육후전문의보다는판독성취도가낮았는데진음성증례에서는전공의정답률이높았으나종괴 / 비대칭음영과미세석회화증례의정답률이낮았기때문이다. 따라서과거보다는유방촬영판독에대한전공의수련을많이하고있지만아직충분한수준은아니라는것을알수있다. 그러므로희망하는고년차전공의에한해서혹은전문의첫해에유방판독심화캠프등의단기집중교육을시행한다면영상의학과전문의의유방촬영판독성취도가더욱향상될것으로생각된다. 참고문헌 1. Suh M, Choi KS, Lee YY, Jun JK. Trends in cancer screening rates among Korean men and women: results from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, Cancer Res Treat 2013;45: Park B, Choi KS, Lee YY, Jun JK, Seo HG. Cancer screening status in Korea, 2011: results from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012;13: Seo HG, Park JH. Cancer facts & figures Korea Ministry of Health & Welfare, National Cancer Center. Goyang, Seoul: National Cancer Center, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Kim Y, Jun JK, Choi KS, Lee HY, Park EC. Overview of the National Cancer Screening Programme and the cancer screening status in Korea. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011; 12: Kang MH, Park EC, Choi KS, Suh M, Jun JK, Cho E. The Na- tional Cancer Screening Program for breast cancer in the Republic of Korea: is it cost-effective? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013;14: Ministry of health and welfare notice Available from: board_sid=300&data_sid=151815&searchgroup=ar01&sear chsort=reg_desc&pageindex=1&searchwrd=%ea%b2% 80%EC%A7%84&searchCont=&pageUnit=10&searchProg ryn 7. Ministry of health and welfare notice Available from: jsp?par_menu_id=03&menu_id=030402&board_ ID=220&BOARD_FLAG=03&CONT_SEQ=22366&page=1 8. Lee EH, Jun JK, Kim YM, Bae KK, Hwang KW, Choi BB, et al. Mammography boot camp to improve a quality of National Cancer Screening Program in Korea: a report about a test run in J Korean Soc Breast Screen 2013;10: Lee EH, Jun JK, Jung SE, Kim YM, Choi N. The efficacy of mammography boot camp to improve the performance of radiologists. Korean J Radiol 2014;15: Lee EH, Lyou CY. Radiology residents performance in screening mammography interpretation. J Korean Soc Radiol 2013;68: ACR BI-RADS Committee. BI-RADS breast imaging and reporting data system: breast imaging atlas, 4th ed. Reston: American College of Radiology, Brem RF, Baum J, Lechner M, Kaplan S, Souders S, Naul LG, et al. Improvement in sensitivity of screening mammography with computer-aided detection: a multiinstitutional trial. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003;181: Rawashdeh MA, Lee WB, Bourne RM, Ryan EA, Pietrzyk MW, Reed WM, et al. Markers of good performance in mammography depend on number of annual readings. Radiology 2013;269: Miglioretti DL, Gard CC, Carney PA, Onega TL, Buist DS, Sickles EA, et al. When radiologists perform best: the learning curve in screening mammogram interpretation. Radiology 2009;253: 대한영상의학회지 2014;71(6): jksronline.org
8 이은혜외 유방영상을수련받은영상의학과전공의의유방촬영판독성취도 : 유방판독심화캠프에참가한영상의학과전문의와비교 1 이은혜 1 김성헌 2 안진경 3 최선형 4 김숙정 5 목적 : 유방영상을수련받은영상의학과전공의의유방촬영판독성취도를유방판독심화캠프에참가한영상의학과전문의와비교함으로써유방영상에대한전공의수련방향을제시하고자하였다. 대상과방법 : 21 개수련병원에서유방영상을 2개월이상수련받은전공의 61 명과유방판독심화캠프에참가한전문의 141 명을대상으로유방촬영판독평가를시행하였다. 평가증례는동일하였으며, 전문의는캠프전후에각각평가하였다. 두군의평균점수와유방촬영소견별정답률을비교하였으며, 전공의평균점수를기관별로살펴보았다. 결과 : 유방수련전공의의판독평가평균점수는 60.9 ± 12.2였으며캠프참가전문의의교육전점수보다높았고 (56.0 ± 12.2; p = 0.004), 교육후점수보다낮았다 (78.3 ± 9.2; p < 0.001). 전공의는캠프교육전전문의보다미세석회화 (70.5% vs. 56.4%; p < 0.001) 와진음성증례 (71.8% vs. 59.2%; p < 0.001) 의정답률이높았으나교육후전문의보다종괴 / 비대칭음영 (56.7% vs. 86.6%; p < 0.001) 과미세석회화 (70.5% vs. 90.3%; p < 0.001) 증례의정답률이낮았다. 기관별전공의판독평가점수는평균 61.8 ± 9.4였으며한기관을제외하고고르게분포하였다. 결론 : 유방영상을수련받은영상의학과전공의의유방촬영판독성취도는유방판독심화캠프에참가한전문의의교육전점수보다높았으나교육후점수보다는낮았으므로유방촬영판독에대한전공의수련을강화할필요가있다. 1 순천향대학교의과대학부천병원영상의학과, 2 가톨릭대학교의과대학서울성모병원영상의학과, 3 을지대학교의과대학을지병원영상의학과, 4 성균관대학교의과대학강북삼성병원영상의학과, 5 인제대학교의과대학해운대백병원영상의학과 jksronline.org 대한영상의학회지 2014;71(6):
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