41(4)-8(p ).fm

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "41(4)-8(p ).fm"

Transcription

1 The Korean Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 41, No. 4, December 2005, p Copyright 2005, The Microbiological Society of Korea Mycoplasma w PCR» Á½ w * Á Á Á xá yá w ü mycoplasma w» w polymerase chain reaction (PCR)» 2ƒ ty PCR kp sƒw. PCR» x mycoplasma p w ù, 2ƒ ty PCR kp mycoplasma w w. w, PCR» p mycoplasma w 4 t 7 w. PCR» 9 CFR Mycoplasma w Mycoplasma ³ Acholeplasma ³ w 1~100 colony forming units/ml¾ w. w PCR» ƒ sƒw» w, k yw q ü A. laidlawii œ w z, PCR» w w w w. PCR» ü mycoplasma wš w w q. Key words ý mycoplasma detection, PCR, veterinary live viral vaccines Mycoplasma Mollicutes w x ¾ w š (16). Hayflick (10) 20 Mycoplasma Acholeplasma s, 5~35% s 6 mycoplasma (M. arginini, M. fermentans, M. hyorhinis, M. orale, Acholeplasma laidlawii) š šw., x x w, x ü s w s y (4, 10, 19). Mycoplasma s ³ s x kƒ w, 0.2~2 µm s 0.22~0.45 µm vl m w» s mw (9). w, s ƒ š mycoplasma yk, ph y, š s z ƒ yƒ» š š (9, 13, 18). s, s, w wš. œ ³ w Áw³ ƒ š w œ ü ³ w w mycoplasma»z ƒ w (22). w, mycoplasmaƒ s s w k sxk y s w w z w k, w öe (1, 5, 8, 22). x ƒ t» s w ww ³ x w mycoplasma ( ) x wš (3). Mycoplasma y w» w,, p w w (2)., s seed virus ü mycoplasma Á yw w» w DNA fluorochrome, z, xÿ, yw, š DNA probe» š š (1, 11, 18, 20). ù w» w s mycoplasma w w ƒ (18). x ƒ wš w mycoplasma p rrna w PCR» š š, kpƒ ty (7, 8, 11, 13, 20). t w w Wong-Lee Lovett(26)ƒ w PCR» 2 PCR kp w w mycoplasma z w, mycoplasma q ü mycoplasma œ w z PCR» w Á w mycoplasma z w» w PCR» ƒ sƒw. *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: , Fax: kimbh@nvrqs.go.kr 269

2 270 Woo-Jin Jeon et al. Kor. J. Microbiol ³ Table 1 ùkù ³ 11 mycoplasma t ³, 1 mycoplasma, 7 M. synoviae (15) 9 CFR Mycoplasma 37 o C, 5% CO 2 w 10 ³w. ³ y w» w 10 w ƒ 100 µl 9 CFR Mycoplasma w 3 plates w 5 w z ³ x w colony forming unit (cfu) w s³e w. 8 ³ ƒƒ «w x w. Genomic DNA Genomic DNA Sasaki (17) w., template DNA mycoplasma 1ml 12,000 g 30 w d w z 25 µl lysis buffer [10 Table 1. List of bacterial and Mycoplasma species used in this study Species Source M. bovis ATCC AG M. flocculare ATCC M. gallisepticum ATCC M. gallisepticum ATCC M. gallisepticum ts-11 B M. hyorhinis ATCC M. hyopneumoniae ATCC M. orale ATCC M. synoviae WVU 1853 M. iowae ATCC M. gallinaceum ATCC A. laidlawii ATCC M. synoviae(7 isolates) Field isolates, NVRQS c Staphylococcus aureus Field isolate, NVRQS Escherichia coli Field isolate, NVRQS Pasteurella multocida Field isolate, NVRQS Salmonella pullorum Field isolate, NVRQS Salmonella gallinarum Field isolate, NVRQS Salmonella enteritidis Field isolate, NVRQS Rimerella anatipestifer Field isolate, NVRQS Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale Field isolate, NVRQS A ATCC, American Type Culture Collection. B ts-11, Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) live vaccine strain. C NVRQS, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service. mm Tris-HCl (ph 8.3), 100 mm KCl, 2.5 mm MgCl 2, 1% Tween 20, 1% Triton X-100, proteinase K (120 µg/ml)] ƒ w 60 o C, 60 g. 100 o C, 10 k 5 ew. 12,000 rpm 10 w z d template DNA w. ³ PBS w w, Qiamp Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Germany) w genomic DNA w. PCR Mycoplasma universal primers 2 q kp mycoplasma z w» w 8 mycoplasma t, 1 M. gallisepticum (ts-11), š 8 ³ w w. w, mycoplasma universal primers mycoplasma z mycoplasma t 4 M. synoviae 7 w ƒ w. Mycoplasma universal primers ƒ 16S rrna» w 464 bp PCR s š Wong-Lee Lovett (25) w w, w PCR ƒ (94, 60, 72 C) o cycle ramp time 1 w ù x ramp time w (Table 2). PCR 2µl 10 PCR buffer(mgcl 2 ƒ, 20 mm), 1 µl dntp(10 mm), ƒƒ 1µl universal primer A B(10pM/ µl), 0.1 µl Taq DNA polymerase(5u/µl), 2 µl sample DNA y ww z 20 µlƒ ³ ƒw DNA thermal cycler(geneamp PCR system 9600, Perkin- Elmer, USA) w Table 2 w. q kp PCR Mycoplasma detection kit(takara Bio inc., Japan) Mycoplasma PCR ELISA kit(roche, Germany) «w x w., x PCR» mycoplasma p w R Mycoplasma PCR ELISA kit lysis reagent PCR premix w. PCR s ethidium bromide (0.5 µg/ml) ƒ 1.5 % agarose gel» w z UV transilluminator p band w. PCR» p Universal primers, R T PCR kp w ƒƒ PCR p w» w M. orale w, ƒ 8 ³ w w PCR PCR w ƒƒ PCR Table 2. PCR conditions for detection of mycoplasma DNA by using universal primers Primers A B Nucleotide sequence(5' 3') GGC GAA TGG GTG AGT AAC ACG CGG ATA ACG CTT GCG ACC TAT G Reaction condition Denaturation Annealing Extension Cycles 94 o C, 1min 60 o, 1min 72 o, 5min 30

3 Mycoplasma 검출을 위한 PCR 기법 Vol. 41, No. 4 반응의 특이성을 조사하였다. 271 및 음성대조군에 대해 PCR을 실시한 결과, 음성대조 군을 제외한 모든 mycoplasma에 대하여 464 bp의 특이 band가 관찰되었다(Fig. 1). 반면에 시판 검출킷트인 R사의 킷트를 사용 하여 검출 유효성 조사를 실시한 결과 음성대조군, M. synoviae 및 M. flocculare를 제외한 모든 mycoplasma에 대하여 약 550 bp의 특이 band가 관찰되었다. 그리고 T사 킷트를 사용한 경우 A. laidlawii를 제외한 모든 mycoplasma를 검출할 수 있었으며, 증폭산물의 크기는 균종에 따라 M. orale는 423 bp, M. hyopneumoniae는 681 bp, M. hyorhinis는 448 bp, 양성대조군은 810 bp 산물이 관찰되었다. 또한, 제조사의 사용설명서에 언급되 지 않은 균주에 대한 검출능을 조사한바 M. gallisepticum과 백 신주인 ts-11는 약 850 bp, M. synoviae와 M. bovis는 약 510bp, M. flocculare는 약 590 bp 크기의 다양한 유전자 증폭산물을 확 인할 수 있었다(Fig. 1). flocculare PCR 기법의 민감도 조사 민감도를 조사하기 위하여 4주의 mycoplasma 표준주를 이용 하여 universal primers로 PCR을 실시하였다. 4개의 표준주를 10 일간 배양한 후, 9 CFR Mycoplasma 액체배지로 10진 희석한 다음, 계수를 위해 각 희석단계별 배양물 100 µl를 9 CFR Mycoplasma 한천배지에 접종하였으며, PCR 실시를 위해 각 희 석단계별 배양물 1 ml를 사용하였다. 동물용 생 바이러스 백신에 대한 PCR 기법의 민감도 조사 인공 배양한 mycoplasma를 이용한 PCR 민감도 결과를 근거 로 시판 백신에 대하여 적용 가능한 PCR 기법의 민감도를 조사 하기 위해 배양한 mycoplasma를 시판되는 동물용 생 바이러스 백신에 접종한 후 검출한계를 비교조사 하였다. 돼지 전염성 위 장염 및 로타바이러스 생 혼합 건조백신과 개 파보바이러스 생 건조백신을 각각 희석액으로 용해한 후 A. laidlawii 배양액(10 cfu/ml)을 첨가한 다음 10진희석하여 37 C에서 20시간 배양하고 증 식된 집락을 계수한 후 PCR 기법의 검출한계를 비교 조사하였다. 6.0 o 결 과 각각의 PCR 조건에 따른 포유동물 유래 mycoplasma 검출 9주의 mycoplasma에 대하여 universal primers와 시판 검출 킷 트(T사, R사)간의 검출 유효성을 비교조사 하였다. Universal primers의 경우, A. laidlawii, M. orale, M. gallisepticum, M. synoviae, M. bovis, M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis, M. Universal primers를 이용한 조류 유래 mycoplasma 검출 조류 유래의 mycoplasma에 대해 universal primers의 검출가능 성을 추가로 조사한 바, 4주의 mycoplasma 표준주 및 7주의 M. synoviae 분리주에서 모두 464 bp의 특이 band가 관찰되었다 (Fig. 2). 각각의 PCR 조건에 따른 mycoplasma 검출 특이도 Mycoplasma 속균이 아닌 S. aureus 등 일반세균 8주에 대하여 universal primers와 시판 검출 킷트인 T사 및 R사의 검출특이성 을 비교 조사한 결과, 사용한 모든 PCR 기법에서 양성 대조균 인 M. orale를 제외하고 공시한 일반세균들에 대해서는 DNA증 폭산물이 관찰되지 않아 각각의 PCR 검출기법의 특이성이 인정 되었다(Fig. 3). PCR 기법의 mycoplasma 검출 민감도 Universal primers를 이용한 PCR 기법으로 A. laidlawii 등 총 4주의 Mycoplasma속균의 PCR 검출한계를 조사한바, A. laidlawii와 M. bovis는 10 cfu/ml, M. orale는 10 cfu/ml, M. gallisepticum은 10 cfu/ml로 균주에 따라 각각의 민감도가 상 이한 것으로 확인되었으나 약 1~100 cfu/ml의 농도에서 mycoplasma 검출이 가능함을 확인하였다(Fig. 4) Detection of Mycoplasma spp. by PCR using universal primers(a), R company's kit(b), and T company's kit(c). Lane M, 100 bp DNA ladder (Bioneer, Korea). Lane 1, A. laidlawii; lane 2, M. orale; lane 3, M. gallisepticum; lane 4, M. gallisepticum (vaccine strain, ts-11); lane 5, M. synoviae; lane 6, M. bovis; lane 7, M. hyopneumoniae; lane 8, M. hyorhinis; lane 9, M. flocculare; lane 10, mock; lane 10*, positive control template of T company's kit. Fig. 1. Detection of avian Mycoplasma spp. by PCR using universal primers. Lane M, 100bp DNA ladder (Bioneer, Korea); lane 1, M. gallisepticum; lane 2, M. synoviae; lane 3, M. iowae; lane 4, M. gallinaceum; lane 5 to 11, M. synoviae isolates. Fig. 2.

4 272 Woo-Jin Jeon et al. Kor. J. Microbiol Specificity of PCR using universal primers (A), R company's kit (B), and T company's kit (C). Lane M, 100 bp DNA ladder; lane 1, M. orale; lane 2, Staphylococcus aureus; lane 3, Escherichia coli; lane 4, Pasteurella multocida; lane 5, Salmonella pullorum; lane 6, S. gallinarum; lane 7, S. enteritidis; lane 8, Rimerella anatipestifer; lane 9, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. Fig. 3. 동물용 생 바이러스 백신 내의 mycoplasma 오염검출 동물용 생 바이러스 백신인 돼지 전염성 위장염 및 로타 바이 러스 생 혼합 건조백신과 개 파보바이러스 생 건조백신에 대하 여 PCR 기법의 적용가능성 및 그 민감도를 확인하기 위하여, A. laidlawii의 배양액을 각각의 백신에 접종하여 10진 희석한 후 20시간 배양한 결과, 배양균의 최종농도는 10 ( )cfu/ml 로 확인되었고, PCR 기법의 검출한계는 돼지 전염성 위장염 및 로타 바이러스생 혼합 건조백신의 경우 10 ( )cfu/ml, 개 파보바이러스 생 건조백신의 경우 10 ( )cfu/ml로 조사되어, 동물용 생 백신내의 mycoplasma 오염 검출한계는 약 10~100 cfu/ml로 균 배양액에 대한 검출한계와 유사한 민감도가 확인되었다(Fig. 5) Sensitivity of the PCR for detection of mycoplasma spiked into the vaccine. A. laidlawii (10 cfu/ml) was artificially inoculated into swine transmissible gastroenteritis-rota virus combined vaccine (A) and canine parvovirus vaccine (B). Decimal dilutions of the mixture were incubated for 20 hr and then were amplified by the PCR. The numbers of organisms in the PCR assay were indicated on both upper and lower panels (in log cfu/ml). Lane M, 100 bp DNA ladder. Fig 고 찰 각종 세포배양 등에 오염된 mycoplasma를 검출하기 위한 많 은 PCR 기법 및 시판킷트가 개발되어 실용화되고 있다(8, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 20, 21, 26). 본 연구에서는 시판되는 2종의 mycoplasma 검출킷트와 mycoplasma 검출 특이성과 민감도가 높 다고 알려져 있는 Wong-Lee와 Lovett (26)의 universal primers 를 자체 제작하여 PCR 반응조건을 일부 변경한 후, 각종 mycoplasma 및 세균들에 대한 PCR 검출특이성을 비교 평가하 였다. 또한, 동물용 생 바이러스 백신의 안전성 및 품질향상을 위해 universal primers를 이용한 동물용 생 바이러스 백신에 대 한 PCR 검사법의 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. 기존의 연구자들에 의하면 universal primers는 16S rrna 유전자를 근거로 하여 세 포배양내 주된 오염균인 M. hyorhinis, M. arginini, M. pneumoniae, M. fermentans, M. orale, M. pirium, A. laidlawii, Spiroplasma mirum Fig. 4. Sensitivity of the PCR assay for the detection of A. laidlawii(a), M. orale(b), M. bovis(c), and M. gallisepticum(d) using universal primers. The numbers of organisms in a assay were indicated over the panals(in log cfu/ml). Lane M, 100 bp DNA ladder. 등을 특이적으로 검출하는 것으로 알려져 있 으며 다른 세균이나 효모 등과는 교차반응이 일어나지 않도록 설계되었다고 보고하고 있다(26). 본 시험에서는 기존 연구자들 이 보고한 균주 이외에 송아지에서 만성폐렴을 야기하는 M. bovis, 돼지에서 유행성 폐렴을 일으킨다고 알려진 M. hyopneumoniae, 돼지의 호흡기계에 흔하게 존재하며, 비병원성인 M. flocurlare, 닭에서 만성 호흡기성 질병을 야기하는 M. gallisepticum과 닭에서 호흡기 질병 및 관절염을 야기하는 M. synoviae을 대상으로 universal primers의 검출특이성을 조사한 바 사용균주 모두에서 특이증폭산물을 확인되어 광범위한 mycoplasma를 검출하기 위해 충분히 사용가능할 것으로 판단되 었다. 또한, 기존 연구보고에서 적용한 적이 없는 조류유래의 M.

5 Vol. 41, No. 4 Mycoplasma w PCR» 273 iowae M. gallinaceum ü M. synoviae 7 w PCR» w, x³ p s y w,, y, mycoplasma 1 y ƒ w. Mycoplasma» j» ƒ 16S~23S rrna spacer s g ƒƒ ³ w j» s w ƒƒ mycoplasma ³ PCR s j» w w T kp w 8 mycoplasma t w, A. laidlawii wš bp 850 bp w j» s y w. PCR s biotin-labeled capture probe hybridization g z mycoplasma y w R kp, M. synoviae M. flocculare w s y w. wr, x PCR» w mycoplasma p x ww» PCR 2 mycoplasmaƒ z (ELISA) ƒ ƒ w w, kp ü primers p w mycoplasma ³ w» kp z w w PCR s» w ƒ w w. Eldering (7) š w mycoplasma mw w B. subtilis 7 ³ w universal primers PCR w, S. epidermidis, B. cereus, B. subtilis, S. bovis, C. sporogenes, M. luteus, C. pseudodiphteriticum 430~464 bp s y, šwš. Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Staphylococcus epidermis (ATCC 12228), Streptococcus gallolyticus (ATCC 9809), Clostridium difficile (ATCC 9689) ³ Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), z ³ Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) ƒ œ w xw, E. faecalis, B. subtilis, S. epidermis, C. difficile 400~500 bp w j» PCR s y Eldering (7) w (data not shown). ù, xw ƒ» mycoplasma w p ƒ ³ w ³( ³) x w ³ w k ³ x PCR p ³ w w ƒ, ƒ PCR s w» ww w ³ w p w ƒ. s mycoplasma PCR» 10 cfu/ml w š 4 ù(18, 20, 23), DNA (17), nested PCR (20), hotstart Taq DNA polymerase Touch-down PCR (7), PCR (21, 24) mw (15) (6) w w 1~100 cfu/ml w š šwš. p Wirth (25) 16S rrna ƒ w primers w z nested PCR ww 1-2 genome copy w w 1fg Mycoplasma DNA w šw. wr, Sasaki(17) w lysis buffer w œ ƒ k M. hominis w PCR w ƒ 300 cfu/ml šw, x 4 mycoplasma w 2 A. laidlawii w 20 w z xw PCR w ƒ 10~100 cfu/ml w ùkü» w y w. ù, Kojima(14) M. gallisepticum š w M. gallisepticum ƒw z 7 w PCR w, 10 (1.6)cfu¾ w šw x 0.2 mycoplasma ƒ ùkû ù» t w yw ƒ. w mycoplasma ³ PCR» ƒ w ùkù t w cfu/ml ³ w,, ³ ³ ƒ ùkú. š 1 w PCR» ww wš yw mycoplasma w. mw ww universal primers w PCR» Ÿ w mycoplasma ùkü ü mycoplasma Á yw w 1 j» y ƒ w q. š x 1., ½Ÿx s Mycoplasmas. w wz 28, , ½ w,,, x,,, w s Mollicutes w. w g v wz 15, w txz ƒ t» Barile, M.F., H.E. Hopps., M.W. Grabowski., D.B. Riggs, and R.A. DelGiudice The identification and sources of mycoplasmas isolated from contaminated cell culture. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. 225,

6 274 Woo-Jin Jeon et al. Kor. J. Microbiol 5. Benton, W.J., M.S. Cover, and F.W. Melchior Mycoplasma gallisepticum in a commercial laryngotracheitis vaccine. Avian Dis. 11, Druckerei, C.H.B Mycoplasmas, p European Pharmacopoeia, 4th ed. Strasbourg press, Germany. 7. Eldering, J.A., C. Felten., C.A. Veilleux, and B.J. Potts Development of a PCR method for mycoplasma testing of Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures used in the manufacture of recombinant therapeutic proteins. Biologicals 32, Harasawa, R., H. Mizusawa., K. Nozawa., T. Nakagawa., K. Asada, and I. Kato Detection and tentative identification of dominant Mycoplasma species in cell cultures by restriction analysis of the 16S-23S rrna intergenic spacer regions. Res. Microbiol. 144, Hay, R.J., M.L. Macy, and T.R. Chen Mycoplasma infection of cultured cells. Nature. 339, Hayflick, L Tissue cultures and mycoplasmas. Tex. Rep. Biol. Med. 23, Hopert, A., C.C. Uphoff., M. Wirth., H. Hauser, and H.G. Drexler Specificity and sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in comparison with other methods for the detection of mycoplasma contamination in cell lines. J. Immunol. Methods. 164, Hu, M., C. Buck., D. Jacobs., G. Paulino, and H. Khouri Application of PCR for detection and identification of mycoplasma contaminationin virus stocks. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim. 31, Kobayashi, H., K. Yamamoto., M. Eguchi., M. Kubo., S. Nakagami., S. Wakisaka., M. Kaizuka, and H. Ishii Rapid detection of mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures by enzymatic detection of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 57, Kojima, A., T. Takahashi., M. Kijima., Y. Ogikubo., M. Nishimura., S. Nishimura., R. Harasawa, and Y. Tamura Detection of mycoplasma in avian live virus vaccines by polymerase chain reaction. Biologicals. 25, Raymond, A.M Detection of mycoplasma contamination, p Code of Federal Regulations title 9, U.S. Government Printing Office Press, Washington. 16. Razin, S., D. Yogev, and Y. Naot Molecular biology and pathogenicity of mycoplasmas. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 62, Sasaki, T., R. Harasawa., M. Shintani., H. Fujiwara., Y. Sasaki., A. Horino., T. Kenri., K. Asada., I. Kato, and F. Chino Application of PCR for detection of mycoplasma DNA and pestivirus RNA in human live viral vaccines. Biologicals. 24, Spaepen, M., A.F. Angulo., P. Marynen, and J.J. Cassiman Detection of bacterial and mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures by polymerase chain reaction. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 99, Stipkovits, L., L. Bodon., J. Romvary, and L. Varge Direct isolation of mycoplasmas and acholeplasmas from sera and kidneys of calves. Acta. Microbiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22, Tang, J., M. Hu., S. Lee, and R. Roblin A polymerase chain reaction based method for detecting Mycoplasma/Acholeplasma contaminants in cell culture. J. Microbiol. Method. 39, Teyssou, R., F. Poutiers., C. Saillard., O. Grau., F. Laigret., J.M. Bove, and C. Bebear Detection of mollicute contamination in cell cultures by 16S rdna amplification. Mol. Cell. Probes. 7, Thornton, D.H A survey of mycoplasma detection in veterinary vaccines. Vaccine 4, Toji, L.H., T.C. Lenchitz., V.A. Kwiatkowski., J.A. Sarama, and R.A. Mulivor Validation of routine mycoplasma testing by PCR. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim. 34, Uphoff, C.C. and H.G. Drexler Comparative PCR analysis for detection of mycoplasma infections in continuous cell lines. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim. 38, Wirth, M., E. Berthold., M. Grashoff., H. PfUtzner., U. Schubert, and H. Hauser Detection of mycoplasma contaminations by the polymerase chain reaction. Cytotechnology 16, Wong-Lee, J.G. and M. Lovett Rapid and sensitive PCR method for identification of Mycoplasma species in tissue culture, p In Persing D.H., T.F. Smith, F.C. Tenover, and T.J. White (eds.), Diagnostic molecular microbiology principles and applications, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C. (Received October 17, 2005/Accepted November 24, 2005) ABSTRACT : Application of a PCR Method for the Detection of Mycoplasma in Veterinary Live Viral Vaccines Woo-Jin Jeon, Byoung-Han Kim*, Byeong-Yeal Jung, Dong-Jun An, Chul-Hyun Yi, Hwan Jang, and Gab-Soo Chung (National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Anyang , Korea) We evaluated the PCR assay and two commercialized PCR kits for the detection of mycoplasma in veterinary viral live vaccines. The PCR assay could specifically detect all the tested Mycoplasma spp. and Acholeplasma spp., whereas two commercialized PCR kits did not. Also, the specificity of the PCR assay showed that 4 reference strains and 7 field isolates belonging to avian mycoplasma species could be all detected. The sensitivity of the PCR assay was determined using pure cultured Mycoplasma spp. and Acholeplasma spp. with a range of 1 to 100 colony forming units/ml in 9 CFR Mycoplasma broth. To test the availability of the PCR assay for veterinary live viral vaccines, A. laidlawii was artificially inoculated into the swine transmissible gastroenteritis-rota virus combined vaccine and canine parvovirus vaccine, respectively and the sensitivity of the PCR assay was similar with the result of cultured samples. In this study, the PCR assays could be used as rapid and sensitive methods for the detection of mycoplasma in veterinary live viral vaccines.

10(3)-09.fm

10(3)-09.fm w y wz 10«3y 253~258 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment ³ w Á» Á Á y w y œw (2010 11 22, 2010 12 9 k) Study on Determine of Detention Pond in Small Developed Area In-Soo Chang ½

More information

82-01.fm

82-01.fm w y wz 8«( 2y) 57~61, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis p w w Á Á w w» y l Analysis of Influence Factors and Corrosion Characteristics of Water-pipe in Potable Water System Jae Seong

More information

605.fm

605.fm Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 19, No. 6, 2008 y k y p w sƒ Care-giver s Needs and Evaluation on the Actual Condition of the Playgrounds in Child Care Facilities y* Choi, Mock-Wha x **

More information

untitled

untitled ª Œª Œ 27ƒ 2B Á 2007 3œ pp. 193 ~ 199 ª ƒ w d w ƒ sƒ Methodology of Drought Assessment Using National Groundwater Monitoring Network Data «x Á½ Kwon, Hyung JoongÁKim, Seong Joon Abstract The objective

More information

304.fm

304.fm Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 20, No. 3, 2009 yw s w - û - A Study on the Planning of Improved-Hanok - Focused on Jeon-Nam Province - y* ** z*** **** Kang, Man-Ho Lee, Woo-Won Jeong, Hun

More information

14.531~539(08-037).fm

14.531~539(08-037).fm G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked

More information

10(3)-12.fm

10(3)-12.fm w y wz 10«3y 273~280 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment p yá xá½k w y œw (2010 9 15, 2010 12 2 k) Analysis of Characteristics of Delivered Nonpoint Source Pollution at Forested Watershed

More information

< DC1A4C3A5B5BFC7E22E666D>

< DC1A4C3A5B5BFC7E22E666D> ¼ (Jeong, Jung Chae)*, ý (Kim, Yoon Soo), (Shin, Woo Young), Þ Ñ (Park, Jong Man) ò ý ƒ Ð (Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology) (Shin, Jae-Heyg) Š æ (Ministry of Knowledge Economy) 1. :

More information

10(3)-02.fm

10(3)-02.fm w y wz 10«3y 203~211 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment w ù p yá k«áyw *Á xá½k w y œw Á* y w (2010 9 15, 2010 12 2 k) Characterization of Nonpoint Source Pollutant Loads from the

More information

( )Kju225.hwp

( )Kju225.hwp 비임균성비뇨생식기감염에서 의진단적효용성 Usefulness of the Mycofast Test (MYCOFAST Evolution 2) for the Diagnosis of Nongonococcal Genitourinary Infections Hang Ro Park, Yang Hyun Kim, Ho Jae Lee, Jea Sang Oh, Hyoung Jin

More information

10(1)-08.fm

10(1)-08.fm w y wz 10«( 1y) 47~52, 2007 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis œ w t y ½ xá Á x Á½ Á x* Ÿ œ, * w œw Optimization of Coagulation In The Conventional Water Treatment Plant Jun-Hyun Kim,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering Journal 29(5): 361-371 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.7841/ksbbj.2014.29.5.361 ISSN 1225-7117 / eissn 2288-8268 연구논문 생물의약품제조공정에서마이코플라스마정량검출을위한 TaqMan Probe

More information

10(3)-10.fm

10(3)-10.fm w y wz 10«3y 259~264 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment w gj p p y Á Á½k * w m œw Á* w y œw (2010 9 28, 2010 10 12 k) Characteristics of Antiwashout Underwater Concrete for Reduction

More information

12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm

12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 77-81 y w» e wx Á w œw Fabrication of Ceramic Batch Composition for Porcelain by Using Recycled Waste Ceramic Powder Hyun Guen Han, and

More information

untitled

untitled [ ] œwz, 21«6y(2008) J. of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment, Vol. 21, No. 6, (2008) pp. 300~306 š y w p x*, **Á **Áy y* * ** w œ w œw, w» gœ Solid State Diffusion Brazing of the Aluminum Alloy Castings

More information

fm

fm [ ] w wz DOI: 10.3740/MRSK.2009.19.12.692 Kor. J. Mater. Res. Vol. 19, No. 12 (2009) y INCONEL 718w Gas Tungsten Arc Welding» p sƒ ½»y Á *Á *Á y** ( ) d lj p wœq, *w wœ» q **( ) d lj p t Mechanical Properties

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Printed in the Republic of Korea "/"-:5*$"- 4$*&/$& 5&$)/0-0(: Vol. 18, No. 5, 425-430, 2005» 677*4 Ÿ w sƒ ½»x Á Á½ k w y w, w y œw Some considerations for the analytical approaches to measure atmospheric

More information

49(6)-06.fm

49(6)-06.fm Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2005, Vol. 49, No. 6 Printed in the Republic of Korea 중학교과학교과서불꽃반응실험에서선스펙트럼관찰의문제점분석및개선연구 ½ Á Á * w w yw (2005. 10. 4 ) An Analysis and Improvement of the Line Spectrum

More information

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University

More information

01-15(3)-12(최장경).fm

01-15(3)-12(최장경).fm Res. Plant Dis. 15(3) : 165-169 (2009) Research in Plant Disease The Korean Society of Plant Pathology GM s ü š w Cucumber mosaic virus v y 1 Á y Á»x 1 Á * w w, 1 w y w Comparative Analysis of Coat Protein

More information

12(2)-04.fm

12(2)-04.fm J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 12, No. 2, pp 106~111(2005) w y y w z œ k üœ» p ½ Á Á Á ³ Á Á½Ÿ w w w, *g», ** w w Effects of Strategies to Improve Indoor Air Quality at Pre-occupancy Stage

More information

14.fm

14.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 93~97, 2007. Preparation of High Purity Si Powder by SHS Chang Yun Shin, Hyun Hong Min, Ki Seok Yun, and Chang Whan Won Engineering Research Center

More information

19(1) 02.fm

19(1) 02.fm Korean J. Crystallography Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.7~13, 2008 Ÿ (ICISS) w š t w (2): t w y w œw Surface Structure Analysis of Solids by Impact Collision Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (2): Atomic Structure of Semiconductor

More information

- 3 - 1 10. 10. 12 1. 12 2. 12. 13 2 14 2.1 14 2.2 17 2.3 18 2.4 19 2.5 21 (1) 21 (2) DNA 23 (3) 24 (4) 16S rrna 25 (5) (Polymerase chain reaction, PCR) 26 (6) PCR Primer 27 2.6 28. / 28-4 - (1) Bioaerosol

More information

22(3)-07.fm

22(3)-07.fm J. Fd Hyg. Safety Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 179~191 (2007),QWTPCN QH (QQF *[IKGPG CPF 5CHGV[ Available online at http://www.foodhygiene.or.kr Î ÜôÚ ò Ù Â 1 Â 2 Âú äâ Ö 3 Â Ùý* w w w, 1 w tœw, 2 w yw, 3 w yl

More information

<30332DB9E8B0E6BCAE2E666D>

<30332DB9E8B0E6BCAE2E666D> kœw» y w k p y w k» z wš ye z w mdkqvqrg üœ» y» Ÿ w kœwgeqgpikpggtkpiy glj GEQVGEJPQNQI[ œw w k w yz š y j œ w m w y ˆ mw y» kœ w k û ³ y ƒ ƒ» ƒ w œw w w y ƒƒ» k z w» %NGCP 9CVGT #EV wšw y ù» œ w w w t

More information

93.fm

93.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 45, No. 10, pp. 625~630, 2008. Effect of Storage Conditions on the Setting Properties of Brushite Bone Cement Containing Granular β-tricalcium Phosphate Sun-Ae

More information

50(1)-09.fm

50(1)-09.fm 2006, Vol. 50, No. 1 Printed in the Republic of Korea 언빨래가마르는현상에대한중등학교화학전공교사들의인식조사 ½x Á» Á½ # Á x* w w yw y š w w # w w (2005. 5. 11 ) A Research of Secondary School Chemistry Major Teachers Perceptions

More information

43(2)-10(단보)023(p ).fm

43(2)-10(단보)023(p ).fm The Korean Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 43, No. 2, June 2007, p. 142-146 Copyright 2007, The Microbiological Society of Korea Ginsenoside y ƒ w z ½ ³Á½» Á * w w w œw l (Panax ginseng) z w x š. ù, w š

More information

82-02.fm

82-02.fm w y wz 8«( 2y) 00~00, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis Calix[6]arene w k š w *Á x Á Á«ƒm w yw, *w w yw Cesium Ion Selective Solid Contact Electrodes Based on Calix[6]arene Won-sik

More information

16(2)-7(p ).fm

16(2)-7(p ).fm w wz 16«2y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 2. 2006 ü t xy y w tœ ½ BÁ x BC B y w w w C y w w w Current Status and Expectations of Orphan Drugs in Korea -In point of supplying medicines for the rare

More information

fm

fm J. Fd Hyg. Safety 20(4), 253 257 (2005) ü w w w Áy»xÁ Á Á Á«Á Áw Á x Á yx Á½ Á½ Á½ t t» t t ƒ q Study on Management of Artificial Flavors in Korea Tal-Soo Lee, Young-Mi Jang, Ki-Hyoung Hong, Sung-Kwan

More information

15.101~109(174-하천방재).fm

15.101~109(174-하천방재).fm w wz 8«4y 2008 8 pp. 101 ~ 109 w» m -,, - A Study on Warnning Criteria Investigation of Automated Rainfall Warning System -Focused on Realationship of Water Level, Discharge and Precipitation - Á Á Á Ahn,

More information

1607 - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 그림 1-4 - - 5 - 그림 3 농도에따른댓잎추출액의항세균효과 - 6 - 그림 4 한천확산법 그림 5 배지에균뿌리는과정 그림 6 배지에균스프레딩하는과정 표 1 실험에사용한미생물의종류와배양에사용한배지 Bacterial Strain Gram (+) bacteria Rothia dentocariosa G1201 Streptococcus

More information

17.393~400(11-033).fm

17.393~400(11-033).fm Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 393~400, June, 2011 GGGGG DOI 10.4334/JKCI.2011.23.3.393 x RC { sƒ y y 1) *Á½ 1) Á 2) 1) y w œw 2) w œw Bond Strength Evaluation of RC Beams

More information

2018 ASF Standard Operation Procedure 아프리카돼지열병진단개요 : - African swine fever, Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. Chapter2.

2018 ASF Standard Operation Procedure 아프리카돼지열병진단개요 : - African swine fever, Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. Chapter2. 2018 ASF Standard Operation Procedure 아프리카돼지열병진단개요 : - African swine fever, Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. Chapter2.8.1. OIE 2012 ver. - EU ASF reference lab CISA-INIA(Spain)

More information

05052유식안101.hwp

05052유식안101.hwp 제 출 문 식품의약품안전청장 귀 하 이 보고서를 유전자재조합식품 모니터링(부산광역시보건환경연구원/정구영) 과제의 연구 결과보고서로 제출합니다. 2005. 11. 30 주관연구기관명 : 부산광역시보건환경연구원 주관연구책임자 : 정구영 목 차 Ⅰ. 연구개발결과 요약문----------------------------------- 1 (한글)------------------------------------------

More information

50(5)-07.fm

50(5)-07.fm Printed in the Republic of Korea w 3w yû x w w w Á x* w w w yw (2006. 3. 14 ) A research of the Difference in Teaching Styles and Understanding of 9 th Grade Students About Lead-iodide Precipitation Reaction

More information

Technical/Specs Sequencing 서비스안내 Standard Sequencing Plasmid/PCR product 를 primer 를이용하여고객이원하는 region 을분석하는서비스이며, 대부분의 normal 샘플에대해 최적화되어있습니다. Full Len

Technical/Specs Sequencing 서비스안내 Standard Sequencing Plasmid/PCR product 를 primer 를이용하여고객이원하는 region 을분석하는서비스이며, 대부분의 normal 샘플에대해 최적화되어있습니다. Full Len Technical/Specs Sequencing 서비스안내 Standard Sequencing Plasmid/PCR product 를 primer 를이용하여고객이원하는 region 을분석하는서비스이며, 대부분의 normal 샘플에대해 최적화되어있습니다. Full Length Sequencing (Primer walking) 길이가긴 insert 를포함한 plasmid

More information

10.063~070(B04_윤성식).fm

10.063~070(B04_윤성식).fm J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 63-70 Mg-3%Al-1%Zn w ƒœ» y Á x*á **Á Á w œw *w s l I ûer ** t Effect of Thermomechanical Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

More information

미생물분류는형태적특징, 생리 생화학적성질과상태, 화학분류학적성질과상태등을이용하여구분하는것이일반적이지만, 이와같은방법을이용하면많은시간을필요로한다. 또한분류가힘든경우나, 정확하지못한결과를얻는경우도있다. 최근미생물분류에도분자생물학적인방법을이용하여, 미생물이가지고있는 DNA를

미생물분류는형태적특징, 생리 생화학적성질과상태, 화학분류학적성질과상태등을이용하여구분하는것이일반적이지만, 이와같은방법을이용하면많은시간을필요로한다. 또한분류가힘든경우나, 정확하지못한결과를얻는경우도있다. 최근미생물분류에도분자생물학적인방법을이용하여, 미생물이가지고있는 DNA를 Code RR180A - 연구용 - Bacterial 16S rdna PCR Kit 사용설명서 v201011da 미생물분류는형태적특징, 생리 생화학적성질과상태, 화학분류학적성질과상태등을이용하여구분하는것이일반적이지만, 이와같은방법을이용하면많은시간을필요로한다. 또한분류가힘든경우나, 정확하지못한결과를얻는경우도있다. 최근미생물분류에도분자생물학적인방법을이용하여, 미생물이가지고있는

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Original Article Journal of Apiculture 31(2) : 121~131 (2016) The Most Rapid Detection Method against Korean Sacbrood Virus using Ultra-Rapid Reverse-Transcription Real-Time PCR (URRTRT-PCR) Sang-Hyun

More information

Can032.hwp

Can032.hwp Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory

More information

42(3)-11(p ).fm

42(3)-11(p ).fm The Korean Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 42, No. 3, September 2006, p. 199-204 Copyright 2006, The Microbiological Society of Korea e ³ w ³ w Á Á½ Áx Á 1 Á 2, * w w w w w w e ³ ³ w p w. e ³ w ù š» 30 cm.

More information

16(5)-06(58).fm

16(5)-06(58).fm Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute DOI: 10.4150/KPMI.2009.16.5.336 y-y w Sm-Fe w ƒ w zá *Á w»» The Effect of Excess Samarium Oxide on the PreparationG of Sm-Fe Alloy Powder by Reduction-diffusion

More information

23(2) 71.fm

23(2) 71.fm J. of Korean Institute of Fire Sci. & Eng. [ ] Vol. 23, No. 2, 2009 w w w w w w Stud on the Fire Behaviour of Composite Beam with Loading and Unloading ½ *Á û**á½ ***Á½ Sung-Bae Kim* Chang-Nam Lee** Woo-Chul

More information

8(2)-4(p ).fm

8(2)-4(p ).fm w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 8«2y, 2006 Vol. 8, No. 2, pp.177-182(2006) x w e w 1) Á Ÿ 1) Á»û 2) 1) ƒm w q w 2) w w w The Effect of Media on Taking Plastic Surgery Chong-Hee Yun 1), Su-Kwang Sung 1) and

More information

82.fm

82.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 524~528, 2007. Determination of Critical Chloride Content of Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete by Linear Polarization Technique Hong-Sam Kim, Hai-Moon

More information

<B8F1C2F72E687770>

<B8F1C2F72E687770> 제1장 제17장 성홍열 및 사슬알균 감염증 사슬알균 (Streptococci)은 증식 중의 특징적으로 쌍 또는 사슬모양의 그람양성 알균 으로 catalase 음성, 통성혐기성균이며, 보통 한천배지에서는 발육이 어렵고 혈액이나 혈청 등을 첨가한 배지에서 잘 발육한다. 포도당이나 다른 탄수화물을 분해하나 포도당 을 분해하여 가스를 생성하지 않는다. 이들은 최소

More information

416.fm

416.fm Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 20, No. 4, 2009 œ qp œ y An Analysis of Change on the Apartment Unit Plans and the Interior Spaces Related to Women * Choi, ByungSook ** Park, JungA "CTUSBDU

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Short ommunication Journal of piculture 33(3) : 221~226 (218) DOI: 1.17519/apiculture.218.9.33.3.221 Detection of Sugar ane (Saccharum officinarum)-specific Gene from Sugar and Sugar-honey younghee Kim,

More information

(2)-02(최경자).fm

(2)-02(최경자).fm Res. Plant Dis. 16(2) : 148-152 (2010) Research in Plant Disease The Korean Society of Plant Pathology z w t w sƒ Á½ Á Á yá * w yw yw l Development of Effective Screening Method and Evaluation of Radish

More information

25(6)-21(김유곤).fm

25(6)-21(김유곤).fm Printed in the Republic of Korea "/"-:5*$"- 4$*&/$& 5&$)/0-0(: Vol. 25, No. 6, 483-491, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5806/ast.2012.25.6.483 Study on stability test of in process sample of recombinant Protein

More information

14(2) 02.fm

14(2) 02.fm J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 14, No. 2, pp 117~125(2007) w y y w z sm Ÿ š w œ l ³Á½ * w, **w w w Impact of Photosensor Sensitivity on the Control Performance of a Daylight Dimming System

More information

9(3)-4(p ).fm

9(3)-4(p ).fm w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 9«3y, 2007 Vol. 9, No. 3, pp.319-326(2007) w xk x p w q w Analysis of Foot Characteristics According to the Classification of Foot Types of Junior High School Girls Ji-Young

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

Microsoft Word - KSR2012A021.doc

Microsoft Word - KSR2012A021.doc YWXY G ºG ºG t G G GGGGGGGGGrzyYWXYhWYXG Ÿƒ Ÿ ± k ¹Ÿˆ Review about the pantograph field test result adapted for HEMU-430X (1) ÕÕÛ äñ ã G Ki-Nam Kim, Tae-Hwan Ko * Abstract In this paper, explain differences

More information

..........5-45..

..........5-45.. K O R E A C E N T E R S F O R D I S E A S E C O N T R O L & P R E V E N T I O N PHWR Vol. 5 No. 45 www.cdc.go.kr 2012 11 9 5 45 ISSN:2005-811X Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance on non-tertiary hospitals

More information

45(3)-6(040)p fm

45(3)-6(040)p fm The Korean Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 45, No. 3, September 009, p. 63-67 Copyright 009, The Microbiological Society of Korea RpoS ³ ³ ƒ 1, Á½ ³ 1 * w w w w s» p RpoS w s w x w. ³ proline w w proba proc

More information

7(4)-07.fm

7(4)-07.fm w» wz, 7«4y(2005) Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 7, No. 4, (2005), pp. 282~288 ƒ ù k š w k 1 Á 2 Á 1 Áy y 1 Á 1 Á x 1 Á û 1 1 w û, 2 w (2005 11 15 ; 2005 12 2 ) Aboveground

More information

18(3)-10(33).fm

18(3)-10(33).fm Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Vol 18 No 3 011 DOI: 10150/KPMI01118383 e x 5Mg(OH) MgSO 3H O x w MgO NH OH w a báv y aá½xk aá½ aá½ cá½ bá½ a * aw» l bš w œw ck Effect of MgO and NH OH on

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

<30312DC0CCC7E2B9FC2E666D>

<30312DC0CCC7E2B9FC2E666D> 균류의다양성과역할 이향범 û w œw 머리말 k w š ³ q š yw < Ð >» w ww k w w v š q w Á Á w tyw š 2QKPVKPI CPF *[FG ú ƒ x %QPXGPVKQP QP $KQNQIKECN &KXGTUKV[ %$&» w w ««wš y w» š x ƒ w œ ƒ» ƒ œsw w ³ wš ù š y š ƒ t š ƒ wš»ƒ

More information

18211.fm

18211.fm J. of the Korean Sensors Society Vol. 18, No. 2 (2009) pp. 168 172 p k ù p p l xá xá ³ Á *Á w * Fabrication of the CNT-FET biosensors with a double-gate structure Byunghyun Cho, Byounghyun Lim, Jang-Kyoo

More information

16(4)-05.fm

16(4)-05.fm w m y Vol. 16(4), p. 53~61, 2011 œ 광물찌꺼기에함유된오염물질의안정화를위한표면차폐재의성능평가 ½ ³ 1 Á 1 *Á½ 2 Á½ 2 Á 3 Á 3 1 w œ w œw, 2 ( ) f lp, 3 w Ÿw œ Ÿw» Evaluation of Surface Water-preventing Materials on Stabilization of

More information

16(5)-03(56).fm

16(5)-03(56).fm Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute DOI: 10.4150/KPMI.2009.16.5.316 ƒ w Fe œ w Cu wy SPS (I) I. ƒ wy y Á xá½ Á½ *Á½{ a w œw, a w» gœ Production of Fe Amorphous Powders by Gas-atomization Process

More information

w w l v e p ƒ ü x mw sƒw. ü w v e p p ƒ w ƒ w š (½kz, 2005; ½xy, 2007). ù w l w gv ¾ y w ww.» w v e p p ƒ(½kz, 2008a; ½kz, 2008b) gv w x w x, w mw gv

w w l v e p ƒ ü x mw sƒw. ü w v e p p ƒ w ƒ w š (½kz, 2005; ½xy, 2007). ù w l w gv ¾ y w ww.» w v e p p ƒ(½kz, 2008a; ½kz, 2008b) gv w x w x, w mw gv ª Œª Œ 30ƒ 5A Á 2010 9œ pp. 475 ~ 484 gj p ª v e p p PSC ƒ gv : II. x w Precast Concrete Copings for Precast Segmental PSC Bridge Columns : II. Experiments and Analyses ½kzÁ½ Á zá x Kim, Tae-HoonÁKim,

More information

fm

fm J. Fd Hyg. Safety 20(1), 53 57 (2005) Ÿ w y, w s z w Á½ xá Á Á yá v w t œw Antioxidative, Antimutagenic and Cytotoxic Effects of the Mineral Water Seung-shi Ham, Soo-hyun Kim, Seon-young Moon, Mi-Sun Jeon,

More information

45(3)-10(048)p fm

45(3)-10(048)p fm The Korean Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 45, No. 3, September 009, p. 86-90 Copyright 009, The Microbiological Society of Korea s Semi-quantitative RT-PCR w v H9N y» ù» 1 Á Á 3 Á 4 Á x 5 Á 5 Á 5 Á 5 Á«x

More information

21(1)-5(10-57)p fm

21(1)-5(10-57)p fm w wz 21«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 21, No. 1. 2011 m w : w w B Á ³ C B û w w w C û w w w (2010 12 3 Á2011 3 21 Á2011 3 22 ) A Descriptive Research on Drug Use Pattern of Narcotic Analgesics: a Case

More information

14(4) 09.fm

14(4) 09.fm J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 14, No. 4, pp 343~350(2007) w y y w z 14 «4 y 2007 yw» l s p»xá ³ *w w w œw, **w w w The Property of Pressure Distribution of Hybrid Underfloor Air Distribution

More information

ca_02.hwp

ca_02.hwp SPSPSPSP SPSPSPS SPSPSP SPSPS SPSP SPS 공기청정기 항균필터 SPS - KACA009-139 한국공기청정협회 2002년 12월 31일 제정 2016년 -월 -일 개정예정 http://www.kaca.or.kr 1.1 적용범위 이 표준은 에어필터로 공기중의 입자제거 및 미생물 제균 성능을 지닌 필터에 대하여

More information

43(1)-4(p.23-30).fm

43(1)-4(p.23-30).fm The Korean Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 43, No. 1, March 2007, p. 23-30 Copyright 2007, The Microbiological Society of Korea Quick Real-time PCR w Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H5N1 ½ yá Áw zá«y 1 Á *»

More information

-, BSF BSF. - BSF BSF ( ),,. BSF -,,,. - BSF, BSF -, rrna, BSF.

-, BSF BSF. - BSF BSF ( ),,. BSF -,,,. - BSF, BSF -, rrna, BSF. 1. 2010 6 1, 2 4 Ⅰ,Ⅱ 2013,, -,. - Human Cell.. -,., Biosand Filter(BSF) - BSF Main Filtering (Biofilm) BSF, BSF ( ),. -, BSF BSF. - BSF BSF ( ),,. BSF -,,,. - BSF,. -. -. -. - 2. BSF -, rrna, BSF. 2. -

More information

12(4) 10.fm

12(4) 10.fm KIGAS Vol. 12, No. 4, December, 2008 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) l x CNG» v m s w ½ Á y w» œw (2008 9 30, 2008 12 10, 2008 12 10 k) Numerical Analysis for Temperature Distribution and Thermal

More information

( )-83.fm

( )-83.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 0~5, 011. DOI:10.191/KCERS.011.8.1.00 Solidification of Heavy Metal Ions Using Magnesia-phosphate Cement HunG Choi, Hyun Ju Kang, Myung Shin Song,

More information

K O R E A C E N T E R S F O R D I S E A S E C O N T R O L & P R E V E N T I O N PHWR Vol. 5 No. 41 www.cdc.go.kr/phwr 2012 10 12 5 41 ISSN:2005-811X Comparison of drug-susceptibility test to the anti-tuberculosis

More information

<312D303128C1B6BAB4BFC1292E666D>

<312D303128C1B6BAB4BFC1292E666D> k Ÿy y y + ûz m Ì ˆw k Ÿ ø ky w y y» wk Ÿ v w k w w ƒ Ÿ ew k Ÿy yø k Ÿ ý k z» w ƒ w Ÿ y k y w x mw w w ³Ÿ wšy v mw y w r œw yÿ ý w z»ÿ Ÿ»» Ÿ ¾ Ÿ 6TCXGN 9GGMN[ ýw k Ÿ Ÿ ƒ š wš y w k Ÿ ƒ m ³ w w y y y 'EQVQWTKUO

More information

41(6)-09(김창일).fm

41(6)-09(김창일).fm 269 Ar v Na 0.5 K 0.5 NbO 3 t ½ t,, ½ w,, ½ w»œw Surface Reaction of Na 0.5 K 0.5 NbO 3 Thin Films in Inductively Coupled Ar Plasma w t œwz J. Kor. Inst. Surf. Eng. Vol. 41, No. 6, 2008. < > Dong-Pyo Kim,

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

69-1(p.1-27).fm

69-1(p.1-27).fm 99 A 380 B 787 : wœ z w * w w wœ» A380 B787 wœ» w. wœ» ww r. w wœ» p j y w r» w. I. II. z III. A380 B787 IV. A380 V. wœ» : x VI. z VII. I. A380 B787»ƒ z wœ w, w w p j w w ƒ r. t wœ w ƒ w w wœ» š œm wš,

More information

16(5)-04(61).fm

16(5)-04(61).fm Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute DOI: 10.4150/KPMI.2009.16.5.326 ƒ w Fe œ w Cu wy SPS (II) II. w SPS p ½ *Á½ Á½{ a Á½ š b w œw, a w» gœ, b y œ Production of Fe Amorphous Powders by Gas-Atomization

More information

12(3) 10.fm

12(3) 10.fm KIGAS Vol. 12, No. 3, September, 2008 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) ü LP ƒ š Database w š Á Á½z w ywœw (2008 6 10, 2008 8 12 (1 ), 2008 9 5 (2 ), 2008 9 5 k) Constructing a Database Structure

More information

뉴스레터6호F?2??訝

뉴스레터6호F?2??訝 February 2009 No.06 Roche Diagnostics Korea Co., Ltd. Focus Tech EDITORIAL February 2009 No.06 Contents Editorial 03 Focus 04 Product 10 Talk 12 Tech 14 Activity 19 Style 22 February 2009 No.06 02 03 FOCUS

More information

38(6)-01.fm

38(6)-01.fm y, 38«, 6y, 699-705, 2005 Econ. Environ. Geol., 38(6), 699-705, 2005 t sÿ y xk 1 Á s 2Á z 1 Á½ 1 Á e 3 1 w y w,» w, 2w y w, 3š w y w Chemical Speciation of Heavy Metals in Geologic Environments on the

More information

07.051~058(345).fm

07.051~058(345).fm w wz 8«3y 2008 6 pp. 51 ~ 58 m qp yp š w k sƒ Evaluation of Dynamic Modulus based on Aged Asphalt Binder y*á **Á***Á**** Lee, Kwan-HoÁCho, Kyung-RaeÁLee, Byung-SikÁSong, Yong-Seon Abstract Development

More information

15(2)-07.fm

15(2)-07.fm J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 15, No. 2, pp 145~154(2008) w y y w z 15 «2 y 2008 ³ l w sm ½ Á yáy * w y w, ** w w Recommended Sensitivity of a Fully-shielded Photosensor for a Daylight Dimming

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Printed in the Republic of Korea "/"-:5*$"- 4$*&/$& 5&$)/0-0(: Vol. 18, No. 5, 436-443, 2005,1"$ w Q) t p z Á 1w w œw 2 w œ yw Effects of surface properties and solution ph on the pollutants removal of

More information

DNA/RNA Amplification Overview AccuPower PreMix series 는세계적으로기술력을인정받은특허기술로보다경제적인가격과편리한방법으로실험할수있는제품입니다. Conventional PCR, Real-Time PCR 수행을위한 DNA ampli

DNA/RNA Amplification Overview AccuPower PreMix series 는세계적으로기술력을인정받은특허기술로보다경제적인가격과편리한방법으로실험할수있는제품입니다. Conventional PCR, Real-Time PCR 수행을위한 DNA ampli DNA Amplification RNA Amplification Real-Time PCR Customized PCR DNA/RNA Amplification Phone: 1588-9788 (ext.4->2) Email: accupower-support @bioneer.co.kr DNA/RNA Amplification Overview AccuPower PreMix

More information

316 Research in Plant Disease Vol. 21 No. 4, (Seo, 2009). Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay(ELISA) Reverse Transcription- Polymerase Chain Reaction(R

316 Research in Plant Disease Vol. 21 No. 4, (Seo, 2009). Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay(ELISA) Reverse Transcription- Polymerase Chain Reaction(R 식물병연구 Research Article Open Access Res. Plant Dis. 21(4) : 315-320(2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2015.21.4.315 Reverse transcription Loop-mediated isothermal amplification Soybean mosaic virus Detection

More information

fm

fm [ ] w wz Kor. J. Mater. Res. Vol. 17, No. 3 (2007) Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu/OSP 무연솔더접합계면의접합강도변화에따른전자부품열충격싸이클최적화 y Á½{ *Á Á½Ÿ * t sƒ l *w wœ w wœ œw Thermal Shock Cycles Optimization of Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu/OSP Solder

More information

04-46(1)-06(조현태).fm

04-46(1)-06(조현태).fm w œwz, 46«1y 2009 Textile Science and Engineering Vol. 46, No. 1, 2009 ù 2'6 wx xk Á «w œ w» Áq œw k 1PG $CVJ1PG 5VGR &[GKPI H 0[NP2'6 5RNKV 6[RG /KETHKDGT *[GP 6CG %J CPF%JWN-YP2CTM &GRCTVOGPV H 1TICPKE

More information

26(3D)-17.fm

26(3D)-17.fm 26ƒ 3D Á 2006 5œ pp. ~ ª y w qp yw k d Predictive Equation of Dynamic Modulus for Hot Mix Asphalt with Granite Aggregates yá½x Á Lee, Kwan-HoÁKim, Hyun-OÁJang, Min-Seok Abstract The presented work provided

More information

(163번 이희수).fm

(163번 이희수).fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 323~327, 2011. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.2011.48.4.323 Electrical Properties and Temperature Stability of Dysprosium and Erbium Co-doped Barium Titanate

More information

84-01.fm

84-01.fm w y wz 8«( 4y) 00~00, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis HPLC f y e t p»wá½»x w y w»y Detection Characteristics of a HPLC Method on Carbonyl-DNPH Derivatives in Relation with Column

More information

슬라이드 1

슬라이드 1 EVENT 퀴아젠인기상품연말특별가전 200203 Top Taq DNA Polymerase (250U) 90,000 72,000 200205 Top Taq DNA Polymerase (1000U) 331,000 281,350 200403 Top Taq Master Mix Kit(250U) 104,000 83,200 201203 Taq DNA Polymerase

More information

Microsoft Word - KSR2016S168

Microsoft Word - KSR2016S168 2016 년도 한국철도학회 춘계학술대회 논문집 KSR2016S168 GPR 을 이용한 자갈궤도 파울링층 파악을 위한 실내실험적 접근 Evaluation of Applicability of GPR to Detect Fouled Layer in Ballast Using Laboratory Tests 신지훈 *, 최영태 **, 장승엽 *** Ji-hoon. Shin

More information

51(2)-06.fm

51(2)-06.fm Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2007, Vol. 51, No. 2 Printed in the Republic of Korea f p ƒ š w er elk yw ½ Á y*» l, w w ywœw (2006. 12. 5 ) Separation of Caffeine and Catechin Compounds from Green

More information

11(1)-15.fm

11(1)-15.fm w y wz 11«1y 73~80 (2011.8.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment SWMM 을이용한도시지역비점오염부하저류시설용량산정 Áw«Á *Áy **Á½ yá½ Á x w w Á* û w y œw Á** w y lœw (2011 6 13, 2011 6 27 k) Determine Capacity of

More information