서는각회차마다 2개의세포사진을간략한임상소견과함께홈페이지에게시하고참가기관에서판독결과에해당하는세포형태검사판독코드를입력하도록하였다. 정도관리물질은계약택배를이용하여발송하였는데, 1회차는 6월 27일에, 2회차는 8월 30일에발송하였다. 검사결과는차세대신빙도조사사업홈페이지에입력
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1 REPORTS ON PROFICIENCY TESTING Annual Report on the External Quality Assessment Scheme for Routine Hematology in Korea (2016) Young Kyung Lee, for Routine Hematology Program, Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea Under the Routine Hematology Program of Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service, proficiency tests for complete blood count (CBC) and blood cell morphology were performed during We conducted two trials, and sent three level control materials for CBC testing and posted two cell morphology pictures on the website for each trial. Of 1,455 laboratories, the mean response rates for CBC and blood cell morphology were 96.3% and 40.4%, respectively. The distribution of equipment for CBC test was similar to that of previous year. The coefficient of variations for white blood cell counts, red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet counts, were 3.8% 4.5%, 1.9% 2.3%, 1.4% 2.8%, 4.8% 5.8%, and 6.2% 9.4%, respectively. More than 80% of the blood cell morphology tests were concordant in all trials. In 2016, the number of participating laboratories increased, and the performance was similar to that of the previous year. (J Lab Med Qual Assur 2017;39:53-60) Key Words: Laboratory proficiency testing, Blood cell count, Blood cell morphology Corresponding author: Young Kyung Lee Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 22 Gwanpyeong-ro 170beongil, Dongan-gu, Anyang 14068, Korea Tel: Fax: pissn: eissn: 서론 2016년은차세대신빙도조사사업이시행되는첫해였으며, 이중일반혈액검사프로그램은전혈구계산 (complete blood count, CBC) 과세포형태 (blood cell morphology) 2 개검사항목에대해연 2회시행하였다. CBC에는백혈구수 (white blood cell count), 적혈구수 (red blood cell count), 혈색소 (hemoglobin), 적혈구용적률 (hematocrit), 혈소판수 (platelet count) 를포함하도록하였다. 재료및방법 일반혈액검사프로그램에서는 CBC( 백혈구수, 적혈구수, 혈색소, 적혈구용적률, 혈소판수 ) 와세포형태 2개검사항목을대상으로각각 6월, 8월총 2회실시하였으며, 각회차당 3개의정도관리물질을평가하도록하였다. CBC를위해서는 CBC-4K Whole Blood Control (R&D System Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) 정도관리물질을이용하였다. 각회차마다낮은농도, 정상농도, 높은농도, 이 3가지농도의정도관리물질로구성하였다. 세포형태검사를위해 Copyright 2017 Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service 53
2 서는각회차마다 2개의세포사진을간략한임상소견과함께홈페이지에게시하고참가기관에서판독결과에해당하는세포형태검사판독코드를입력하도록하였다. 정도관리물질은계약택배를이용하여발송하였는데, 1회차는 6월 27일에, 2회차는 8월 30일에발송하였다. 검사결과는차세대신빙도조사사업홈페이지에입력하도록하였고, 입력기간종료후입력결과에대해데이터오류를검증한후통계분석을시행하였다. CBC검사인백혈구수, 적혈구수, 혈색소, 적혈구용적률, 혈소판수결과는전체기관, 제조회사별, 측정기기별통계분석을시행하였다. 측정기기별분석에서는유사모델인경우한군으로묶어통계분석을시행하였다. 통계분석은평균, 표준편차 (SD), 변이계수 (coefficient of variation, CV), 중간값, 최소값, 최대값을구하였으며, 각기관에대해표준편차지수 (standard deviation index, SDI) 를산정하였다 [1]. 평균, SD, CV 는해당분류별분석에서 75 percentile 값 (Q3) 과 25 percentile 값 (Q1) 의차 (Q3-Q1; interquartile range, IQR) 의 1.5배를초과하여 Q1보다낮거나 Q3보다높은결과값 (<Q1-1.5 IQR 또는 >Q3+1.5 IQR) 은이상치 (outlier) 로제거한후분석하였다 [2]. 각분류에해당하는기관수가 10개미만인경우에는평균과 SD, CV, SDI를구하지않았고, 기관수가 3개미만인경우에는중간값도구하지않았다. 세포형태검사에대한분석은각세포별로답한기관수와백분율을구하였다. 각기관별분석결과는홈페이지에서직접조회및출력할수있도록하였다. 결과 1. 신빙도조사사업참여기관 2016년일반혈액검사프로그램은총 1,461기관이신청하였고, 1회차에 1,452기관, 2회차에 1,458기관에검체를배송하 였다. CBC( 백혈구수, 적혈구수, 혈색소, 적혈구용적률, 혈소판수 ) 결과를회신한기관은 1회차 1,418기관, 2회차 1,383기관으로평균결과회신율은 96.3% 였다. 세포형태검사결과를회신한기관은 1회차 594기관, 2회차 582기관으로평균결과회신율은 40.4% 였다 (Table 1). 2. Complete blood count 측정기기사용현황결과를회신한기관에서 CBC 측정에이용한자동분석기기는제조사별로분류하였을때 Sysmex (Kobe, Japan) 가 42.8% 로가장많았고, Nihon Kohden Corp. (Tokyo, Japan) 가 9.6%, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc. (Tarrytown, NY, USA) 가 9.4%, Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co. Ltd. (Shenzhen, China) 가 8.9%, Horiba Medical (Montpellier, France) 이 8.2%, Beckman Coulter Inc. (Miami, FL, USA) 가 8.0% 순이었다 (Table 2). 3. Complete blood count 백혈구수의전체기관 CV의평균값은저농도 (HH & HH-16-04) 3.9%, 중간농도 (HH & HH-16-05) 4.2%, 고농도 (HH & HH-16-06) 4.4% 였고, 적혈구수의전체기관 CV의평균값은저농도 (HH & HH-16-04) 2.3%, 중간농도 (HH & HH-16-05) 2.0%, 고농도 (HH & HH-16-06) 1.9% 였다. 혈색소의전체기관 CV의평균값은저농도 (HH & HH-16-04) 2.8%, 중간농도 (HH & HH-16-05) 1.5%, 고농도 (HH & HH-16-06) 1.8% 였고, 적혈구용적률의전체기관 CV의평균값은저농도 (HH & HH-16-04) 5.5%, 중간농도 (HH & HH-16-05) 4.9%, 고농도 (HH & HH ) 5.0% 였다. 혈소판수의전체기관 CV의평균값은저농도 (HH & HH-16-04) 8.8%, 중간농도 (HH & HH-16-05) 6.9%, 고농도 (HH & HH-16-06) 7.5% 였다 (Table 3). Table 1. Response rate of laboratories that participated in proficiency tests performed under the Routine Hematology Program Test items Trial Participants Sample delivery date Participating laboratories Response date Participants who responded Response rate (%) Complete blood count 1st 1, , , nd 1, , , Mean 1,455 1, Blood cell morphology 1st 1, , nd 1, , Mean 1, J Lab Med Qual Assur 2017;39:
3 4. 세포형태세포형태는매회차마다 2개의사진을게시하였다. 전체결과회신기관의 80% 이상일치하는결과를기준으로평가하였을때, 1회차 HHI-16-01는 lymphocyte에 97.3%, 1회차 HHI 는 nucleated red cell 에 90.1%, 2회차 HHI 은 giant platelet에 80.4%, 2회차 HHI-16-04는 band neutrophil에 93.3% 일치율을보였다 (Table 4). 고찰 2016년차세대신빙도조사사업시행에따라일반혈액검사프로그램도 2015년과는상당히다르게진행되었다 [3] 년에는총 4차에걸쳐매회차마다 CBC는정도관리물질 1개, 세포형태는사진 2개씩시행되었으나, 2016년에는 2차에걸쳐매회차마다 CBC는정도관리물질 3개씩, 세포형태는사진 2 개씩시행하였다. 2016년일반혈액검사프로그램에는 1,455기관이참여하여 2015년의평균 1,352기관에비해 103기관 (7.62%) 증가하였고, 증가율도 2015년의 0.67% 에비해큰폭으로증가하였다. 결과회신율은 CBC는 96.3% 로 2015년의 97.2% 에비해다소낮으나, 거의비슷한값을보였다. 세포형태검사의결과회 신율은 40.4% 로 2015년의 99.0% 와상당한차이를보였는데, 이는 2016년에는 CBC와세포형태를구분하지않고일반혈액프로그램을신청하면두검사항목모두신청되도록하였으나, 2015년에는 CBC와세포형태를각각신청하도록하여세포형태를신청한기관이 503기관으로작아회신율은높게보인것이다. 세포형태결과회신기관수를비교하면 2016년에는 588 기관, 2015년에는 503기관으로증가한것으로나타났다 [3]. 2016년차세대신빙도조사사업에서는모든프로그램에대해정도관리물질의발송부터결과입력, 보고서발송까지전과정을대한임상검사정도관리협회 ( 협회 ) 중앙에서일관되게관리, 진행하였다. 검체발송은다른프로그램의정도관리물질과함께예약된택배로진행되었다. 1회차에서는 2016년 5월 2 일 CBC 정도관리물질이발송되었으나, 검체운송과정에서용혈이되는경우가다수발생하여 2016년 6월 27일전면적으로재발송을시행하였다. 검체수령시각기관에서는협회차세대신빙도조사사업홈페이지에서검체접수를한후, 검사를시행하고결과를홈페이지에직접입력한후, 최종전송을해야결과가전송되도록하였다. 입력기간종료후입력결과에대하여오류를점검하고, 통계분석을시행하였으며, 결과통보역시차세대신빙도조사사업홈페이지에서참여기관별로직접조회및출력을할수 Table 2. Equipment used for complete blood count Manufacturer 1st 2nd Mean % Sysmex Nihon Kohden Corp Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co. Ltd Horiba Medical Beckman Coulter Inc Abbott Boule Orphee SA URIT Medical Electronic Co. Ltd Erba Diagnostics Samsung Electronics Dirui Industrial SEAC S.R.L Varian Shenzhen Genius Electonics Co. Ltd Others Total 1,418 1,383 1, J Lab Med Qual Assur 2017;39:
4 Table 3. Proficiency test results for complete blood count Item Participants (no.) Median Min Max Mean±SD CV (%) No. except outliers Outliers (%) 1st WBC count HH , ± , HH , ± , HH , ± , RBC count HH , ± , HH , ± , HH , ± , Hemoglobin HH , ± , HH , ± , HH , ± , Hematocrit HH , ± , HH , ± , HH , ± , Platelet count HH , , ± , HH , , ± , HH , , ± , nd WBC count HH , ± , HH , ± , HH , ± , RBC count HH , ± , HH , ± , HH , ± , Hemoglobin HH , ± , HH , ± , HH , ± , Hematocrit HH , ± , HH , ± , HH , ± , Platelet count HH , , ± , HH , , ± , HH , , ± , Abbreviations: WBC, white blood cell; RBC, red blood cell. 56 J Lab Med Qual Assur 2017;39:
5 Table 4. Proficiency test results for blood cell morphology Trial Code Morphology No. (%) HHI Total 593 (100.0) 327 Lymphocyte 577 (97.3) 224 Monocyte 4 (0.7) 328 Large granular 2 (0.3) lymphocyte 330 Lymphoma cell 2 (0.3) 103 Myelocyte 2 (0.3) 104 Metamyelocyte 1 (0.2) 331 Plasma cell 1 (0.2) 449 Polychromatic 1 (0.2) erythrocyte 102 Promyelocyte 1 (0.2) 329 Reactive lymphocyte 1 (0.2) 106 Segmented neutophil 1 (0.2) HHI Total 594 (100.0) 438 Nucleated red cell 535 (90.1) 449 Polychromatic 22 (3.7) erythrocyte 331 Plasma cell 15 (2.5) 693 Blast 4 (0.7) 327 Lymphocyte 3 (0.5) 475 Erythrocyte with 2 (0.3) overlying platelets 460 Howell-Jolly body 2 (0.3) 454 Spherocyte 2 (0.3) 332 Abnormal plasma cell 1 (0.2) 120 Dohle body 1 (0.2) 330 Lymphoma cell 1 (0.2) 471 Macrocyte 1 (0.2) 103 Myelocyte 1 (0.2) 434 Normal red cell 1 (0.2) 102 Promyelocyte 1 (0.2) 690 Sezary cell 1 (0.2) Not available 1 (0.2) HHI Total 582 (100.0) 579 Giant platelet 468 (80.4) 327 Lymphocyte 48 (8.2) 224 Monocyte 14 (2.4) 223 Immature monocyte 11 (1.9) 689 Hairy cell 6 (1.0) 329 Reactive lymphocyte 5 (0.9) 110 Basophil 4 (0.7) (Continued to the next page) Table 4. Continued Trial Code Morphology No. (%) 331 Plasma cell 4 (0.7) 449 Polychromatic 4 (0.7) erythrocyte 330 Lymphoma cell 3 (0.5) 102 Promyelocyte 3 (0.5) 573 Megakaryocytic cell 2 (0.3) 447 Dimorphism 1 (0.2) 116 Faggot cell 1 (0.2) 113 Giant band neutrophil 1 (0.2) 472 Microcyte 1 (0.2) 1.3 Myelocyte 1 (0.2) 438 Nucleated red cell 1 (0.2) 583 Platelet aggregates 1 (0.2) 690 Sezary cell 1 (0.2) 119 Toxic granulation 1 (0.2) 123 Toxic vacuolation 1 (0.2) HHI Total 582 (100.0) 105 Band neutrophil 543 (93.3) 106 Segmented neutrophil 29 (5.0) 108 Eosinophil 2 (0.3) 113 Giant band neutrophil 2 (0.3) 114 Hypersegmented 2 (0.3) neutrophil 109 Immature basophil 2 (0.3) 327 Lymhocyte 1 (0.2) 103 Myelocyte 1 (0.2) 있도록하였다. 결과보고서는공통보고서와기관별보고서두 가지형태로제공하였으며, 공통보고서에는전체기관, 그리고, 제조사별, 기기별통계를제공하였다. 기관별보고서에서는각 기관의결과값과전체, 그리고기관에서사용하는기기의제조 사, 기기분류에따른통계값과 SDI 를제공하였으며, 전체기관 및동일제조사를사용하는기관들에서해당기관의결과값의 위치를히스토그램으로제공하고, 해당기관의 SDI 의누적분 포를그래프로표시하여제공하였다 (Fig. 1). 통계분석시소수점표시착오등입력오류로판단되는것은 수기로제외하고, 이상치에해당하는결과값은 Turkey의 boxplot방식을이용한사분위법 [3] 의이상치제거를적용하여통계분석에서제외하였다. 통계범위에들어오는기관만을대상으로평균과 SD, CV를계산하였으며, 각기관의평가결과는 SDI로제시하였다. 이에따라일반혈액검사의통계분석제외 J Lab Med Qual Assur 2017;39:
6 기관은 1차에서는 3.9%-7.8%, 2차에서는 2.0%-6.8% 였다 (Table 3). CBC에사용된기기의현황은 Sysmex (Japan) 가 42.8% 로가장많았고, 다음으로, Nihon Kohden Corp. (Japan), Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc. (USA), Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co. Ltd. (China), Horiba Medical (France), Beckman Coulter Inc. (USA) 등이분포하여주요사용기기의분포는 2015년과유사한소견이었다 [3]. A B Fig. 1. Summary report of routine hematology program. (A) Summary of all participants. (B) Summary of each laboratory. 58 J Lab Med Qual Assur 2017;39:
7 수행능측면에서 CBC의백혈구수, 적혈구수, 혈색소, 적혈구용적률, 혈소판수의 CV는각각 3.8%-4.5%, 1.9%- 2.3%, 1.4%-2.8%, 4.8%-5.8%, 6.2%-9.4% 범위로, 2015년의각검사항목의 CV 4.13%, 1.89%, 1.92%, 5.02%, 8.10% 와비슷한분포였다 [3]. 세포형태는모든회차에서참여기관간에 80% 이상의일치율을보였다 년일반혈액검사프로그램은차세대신빙도조사사업시행에따라전과정이전체프로그램과함께협회중앙에서일괄시행되었으며, 시행횟수와각회차의정도관리물질수도변경되었었다. 참여기관은전년에비해상당한증가를보였으며, 수행능측면에서는비슷한결과를보였다. REFERENCES 1. Kwon GC, Kim J, Ra GS; Diagnostic Hematology Subcommittee; Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service. Annual report on the external quality assessment for diagnostic hematology in Korea (2015). J Lab Med Qual Assur 2016;38: Klee GG, Westgard JO. Quality management. In: Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, Bruns DE, editors. Teitz textbook of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 5th ed. St. Louis (MO): Elsevier Saunders, 2012: Turkey JW. Exploratory data analysis. Reading (MA): Addison-Wesley, J Lab Med Qual Assur 2017;39:
8 일반혈액검사프로그램신빙도조사결과보고 (2016) 이영경한림대학교의과대학한림대학교성심병원진단검사의학과 대한임상검사정도관리협회일반혈액검사프로그램에서는전혈구계산 (complete blood count, CBC) 과세포형태에대한신빙도조사를시행하였다. 총 2 회시행하였으며, CBC 는매회차 3 개농도의정도관리물질을배송하였고, 세포형태는매회차 2 장의사진을웹사이트에게시하였다. 일반혈액검사는총 1,455 기관이참여하였고 CBC 는회신율이 96.3% 였으며, 세포형태검사는회신율이 40.4% 였다. 신빙도조사사업에사용된장비의현황은전년도와비슷하였다. 백혈구수, 적혈구수, 혈색소, 적혈구용적률, 혈소판수의변이계수 (coefficient of variation) 는각각 3.8%-4.5%, 1.9%-2.3%, 1.4%- 2.8%, 4.8%-5.8%, 6.2%-9.4% 범위였다. 세포형태는모든회차에서참여기관간에 80% 이상의일치율을보였다. 전년도에비해 2016 년도외부정도관리사업참여기관의수는증가하였으며, 일반혈액검사의수행능은유사하였다. (J Lab Med Qual Assur 2017;39:53-60) 교신저자 : 이영경우 )14068 경기도안양시동안구관평로 170 번길 22, 한림대학교의과대학한림대학교성심병원진단검사의학과 Tel: 031) , Fax: 031) , lyoungk@hallym.or.kr 60 J Lab Med Qual Assur 2017;39:
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