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(National Geographic Information System) 21 1995 G I S 1995 5 (NGIS) 1 ( 1995 ~ 2000 ) GIS, G I S GIS, G I S 20001 2 1 3, 2 2 ( 2000 12 8 ) GIS,,,
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G I S, S O C, GIS, GIS GIS GIS G I S (GIS ) GIS GIS G ( G e o g r a p h i c ) GIS IT GIS (Information Technology) GIS, GIS, G I S ( ),, 3D,, GIS G I S, 2005 2, GIS IS(Information System) GIS GIS 1999 2, 490 2 GIS 2 GIS GIS GIS
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1990,, 1997 (HMS, Highway Management System),,
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1 9985, 150,,, 11 3 ( ) 110, 2, 108, IMF,,, GIS 35 199811 19996 7,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1/5,000 700,,,,, 1/25,000 10, 1998,,,,,
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, 1980, TIGER GIS,, <1 >,,, (PMS), (BMS),,,,,,,, GPSGIS C N S ( ),,,,, 1/25,000 1 / 5, 000 1 / 1, 000 1 / 500 NGIS < 2 >NGIS NGIS A r c v i e w,, TSM,,,,, (NAHMIS), (TMS), ITS,,,,,,,
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, N G I S (Framework Data),, Framework Data,, NGIS TA Z ( Tr a ffic Analysis Zone),,,,,,, G I S
,,,,,, G I S,,,,, GIS GIS,, D B, NGIS, DB,,, GIS,,,, GIS GIS
( G I S ),,,,,,,, GIS 21,,,, ) (NGIS, National Geographic Information System), ( o v e r l a y ) ( G I S - T, Geographic Information Systems for Tr a n s p o r t a- t i o n ) G I S - TG I S, ( G I S - T GIS,
G I S - T 1999 ( G I S ), D B,, G I S, G I S - T ( ),, NGIS NGIS,, ( N e t- D BNGIS ( N o d e ) ( N e t w o r k ) ( L i n k ), GIS-T GIS,,,,,, D B, G I S - T G I S work To p o l o g y ) ( Topological Connection), DXF D B GIS, G I S,
, G I S D B D B N G I S ( 4 ),,,,, DB N G I S 1 / 5, 000, (Link), ( Z o n e ) (Format) ( S D T S ), ( G D F ) G I S,, D B GIS D B GIS-T GIS-T, ( I T S, (Real Wo r l d ) Intelligent Transport Systems) DB, (Map Level) ( ), D B D B ( ), (NGIS) () - (Node), GIS-T, 1
, GDF rule 1:250,000 2 1 D B,, G I SI T S,, 2 G I SI T S 2 3 ITS, 2 1:25,000 ITS 3 4 I T S
,,,,,,,,, GIS 1 NGIS ( 1995 ~ 2000 )
, () ( D W, Data Wa r e h o u s e ) 2 NGIS,,, () GIS GIS, N G I S ITS, DB, Super Clearing- house ITS-Korea G I S -T I T S GIS-T I T S 1, D B, 2000,, C l e a r i n g h o u s e, 21 DB 2, Network D B, 98-23,, 3 2,, 2001 1 9 9 8
3, 500, 30 % John Spellar TRL S c h e m e, 1 5% 1 ) (nationwide road safety scheme) 6, 000 (speed camera), 3 3 1991 20004 8 Pilot Survey 30%, 25 (Home Office), Tr a n s- port 2000 D E T R ( ) 1 )cut accidents, not make money
40 50% 60 6, 000 60 4 0,, 20 316 670 ( 12 ) 3 3 10 % 2, 30 35, 60 ( p u b l i s h ) 68 30 4 0, 10 35 S c h e m e 20004 8 Pilot Survey, (Northamptonshire)
30%, 109 4, 500 85, 000 19 (Strathclyde) 42 %, 34%, (Lincolnshire) 26%, (Thames Valley) 20% 28 %, 25 16%,, 5 5 % 1 5 5 % 1 % 5 6 ( S N C F ) 28~30% 1 Taylor, M, Managing Vehicle Speeds for Safety: Why? H o w?traffic Engineering and Control, J u l y / A u g u s t, 2 0 0 1 2 http://wwwpressdtlrgovuk T G V (TGV Méditerranée) ( 7, 848 m )??, 85 Le Figaro, ( I N E R I S ) (Wo o - Young Ahn) 12S N C F, Le Figaro E-mail: a h n w y @ y a h o o c o m
I N E R I S,,,,,, 7 2, 582,, 30, 1 7, 85 % SNCF 3, 1 5 SNCF,, S N C F Le Figaro,,,,,,
S N C F, S N C F2 0014, 2, 2, 1 50/ h ( 200/ h ),,,, INERIS, SNCF S N C F 99 % S N C F 20001111 115Le Figaro, 5 Août, 2001 Le Tunnel de Marseille est-il Dangereux?La Vie du,, Le Figaro S N C F,, Rail et des Transports, No194, Août 2001, pp 20-21
3 1, 000,, 4, 5 19925, 060 2000 1997 4, 670, 1998 42 % 2000 5, 650 1992 1 2 % 1998, 10, 20, 40 20 1 7 5 66% 4 95, 40 4 5, ( 15 ~ 25)5 7 5 %, ( 26 ~ 39) 134% 1 60 1998 1 2 2, 4, 1 210 1 ( S e m i t a g ), 12, 5,,
5, 000 3 1, 000, 1, 500, Clientèle : les Clés d une Reconquête,La Vie du Rail et des Transports, No185, Juin 2001, pp 38-39,, 200176 ( ) E-mail: Lee@cransorg (Jaehun Lee ) E N P C 19974, 2001 1997 ( ),, 20001 2 1997 1997, 20015 6
,, 200176 ( ), 1997 1997,, ), 20006, 9 5 ( 1996 3 ), 8 7 ( 1998 3 ),, 24,,, 1997 1 2 C O2 (,,
21, 2005 (, ),, 25 / h, 50 %, 5 ) -,,,, -, (3PL ),, - P a l e t t i z a t i o n 2 ) Unit Load, 2005 77 %9 0 % -, 21 I C 10 4 ) 9 -, TDM, 21 3 2) 3) 40%, 5 0 ~ 60 % 4) 46%, 32% 5) 21/h, 4 5 % 3 )
- 24, One Step, 2 005 3 ~ 4 2 - ( )C O2 -, (, 2010 ) Modal Shift ( ( ) 50 % ( 45 %) ( ), -,,,, TDM - - -, - - ( 90/h), ) (Taekyu Kim) E-mail: tkkim@mnwasedaacjp
10 Telework program 6) 1998 F H WA ( )Our Nation s Highways: Selected Facts and F i g u re s, ( t e l e c o m- m u t i n g ) 19981, 570 ( 12%), 1990 400 3 ( < 1 > ) Telecommuting, Remote Work, Mobile Wo r k,, 1995 T WA ( Telework Americ a ) 1999 : Cyber Dialogue 2 8 Te l e w o r k Te l e w o r k Te l e w o r k, 1999T WA Te l e w o r k, Te l e w o r k (, Telework Center 7 ), Satellite Off i c e 8 ), ) TWATe l e- w o r k 6) 11 Telework America T e l e w o r k 7),, 8), T e l e w o r k
1 960 :US Air Force Space ters, 1997 Los AngelesWa s h- ington D C Te l e w o r k 1 970 : 1972University of Southern Californ i ajack Nilles 9 ), 1973 30 Te l e w o r k Demonstration GSA(General Services Adinistration) Te l e c o m m u t i n gte l e w o r k 1 980 : Jack NillesGil Gordon Telework Telecommuting Initiative(NTI) Te l e- 1981JC Penney Gil Gordon (Gil Gordon Associates) 1982, Telecommuting Conference I TA CT WA M a r n e - l a - Va l l e Te l e w o r k Te l e c e n t e r 1985 P a t r i- cia Mokhtarian I TAC(International Te l e- work Association and Council) Te l e c o m- mutig Advisory Council, 1980 1 990 : 1992 F H WA Neighborhood Te l e c e n- 4 0 Te l e c e n t e r 10 ) 1993 ( D O T )Te l e w o r k 1994 AT & T Employee Te l e c o m m u t i n g D a y Te l e w o r k 1995 AT & T ( E PA ), (DOT), DOC(Department of Commerce), Telecommute America(Telework America ) Te l e w o r k 1996 N a t i o n a l w o r k Telework 9) T e l e c o m m u t i n gt e l e w o r k 10) Telecenter
Te l e w o r k 8 Te l e w o r k, single dual Telework, 11 ) FHWA, Our Nation s Highways: Selected Facts and Fig - u r e s, 1998 h t t p :// w w w f h w a d o t g o v / o h i m / o n h h t m 11 Telework America h t t p : / / w w w t e l e c o m m u t e o r g / t w a / t w a 1 9 9 9 / ( ( ) Telework (Sangho Choo) UC Davis 11) E-mail: cshchoo@ucdavisedu
370 30 1, 7, 95%,,, 2000 7, 200 7, 700, 4 (Airline Improvement Program), 1 72 <2 > 75, 514, 000,,, 79%,,, 9 0,,
, (express rail), 480 ~ 520, 56 63 2 5, 2 ~ 3, 20 ~ 25, 10, 1 0 ~ 15,, 37, 000, 38, 000 7, 600, 90 160 I-90, I-294, I-190, 9, 000 2030
, 1/3 6 3, 2, Peotone Peotone, h t t p :// w w w c h i c a g o a i r p o r t s c o m / o h a r e http://chicagotribunecom G e o rge Ry a n
911 ( C o n t i n e n t a l, A i r l i n e s ) 20%, 1 2, 000 56, 000,, 9 26 4 7 ( D e l t a A i r l i n e s ) 1
3, 000, 15% 2002 3,, L S G 16, 000 4, 800 (load factor) 30%, 20,, 3, 000, 200 4 (Northwest Airlines) 5 3, 000 19 %, 150 (US Airways)1 1, 000, (American Airlines) (Air Transportation and Systems Stabilization Act) ( Trans World Airlines) A M R 2, (United Airlines) 50 100 U A L2 50 11 14, (Southwest Airlines) 100, 150 1 0 50 ( B o e i n g ), (LSG Sky Chefs)
150 (the Air Transport Association) 60 %, 6 85% 85 %, 30, (knife),, 4 420 28, 000,, ( FA A ),
6, 12 40 15 40, 2 9 0 %6 126 % h t t p :// w w w f a a g o v ( t h e World Travel and Tourism Council) 30% ( I ATA ) 16%, 175%, h t t p : / / w w w n y t i m e s c o m h t t p : / / w w w e c o n o m i s t c o m h t t p : / / w w w a i r l i n e s o r g h t t p : / / w w w c o n t i n e n t a l a i r l i n e s c o m (Sangkwon Lee ) T e x a s A & M E-mail: sklee@tamuedu
,,, 8 ( FA A ) 1 (2001912 ),,, 7,
21,,, 1 999 ( 2000 ~ 2019 )2 000 ( 20012 020 ) 7, 9 X 93 0,,, 5 ( 2002 ~ 2006 ),, 335 9,
,,,,,,,, 2002, 1999
7 94, 000 ( 17 1, 130 )5 5 % 1 57 3 26 9, 39 9, 38 4, 1 G D P 3 48 8,,,,,, 1,,,,,,
10,, 3, 70, 5, ( FA A ) 2 2 ( I C A O ) FAA,,, 58 85, ()6 8,
,, 2001 6, 1, 511 2, 800,, 10, 6,,
K O T I, ( l i b e r a l i z a t i o n ) 3 ( T h i r d Package of Liberalization)1 9 9 2,,
, 1997, 10 2 2 % ( <1> ) 1995 10 4 %8 4 % (EUROCONTROL, the European Org a n i z a t i o n for the Safety of Air Navigation) 1997 20 2 %1 5 2 % 49, 31, 18, 22, 30 ( <2> ) 6 %, 15 30 30 15 % (Airports Council International),, 1996 8 4 %5 9 % 1995, 30,,,, : Airports Council International, 1998
: 40 : Airports Council International, 1998, ( FAA, Federal Av i a t i o n ( <3,4> ) <3 ><4 > 50 4,,,,, 2001,, 3, 40 A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ) 4,,,, 85, 000,
: Airports Council International, 1998 : Airports Council International, 1998,,,,,,,, 4
, ( A u t o b a h n ),,,, 20, 1980 1999, (coach), 1970, 1990 2, 1 2 1, 500,,, 70
,, 1,,,, 4,, 36 359,, 1 Button, K & Stough, R, Air Transport Networks, Chel - t e n h a m, 2 0 0 0 2 Dagtoglou, P D, Air Transport and the European Union, D e v e n t e r, 1 9 9 4 3 Juan, E J, Airport Infrastructure: The Emerging Role of the Private Sector,CFS Discussion Paper, No115, World Bank, Washington,1995, 4 Morrison, S A, Airline Deregulation and Fares at Domi - nant Hubs and Slot-controlled Airports, Statement before the Committee on the Judiciary, US House of Representatives, Washington, 1997,, 5 Rietveld, P, Drie Mainpoortsystemen voor Nederland, Economische Statitische Berichten, Hague, 1997
,, (Gateway Pair System) 1 970 ( A i r c r a f t ) (Airway), ( A i r p o r t ) ( ) -,,,,,, 2 1 2 1970, 1970,, 1 ~ 2 (, Gateway), 1-2 1980 1980
(Hub and Spoke System) 1 ) (Connection Hub Pair System) 2 ) 60% B-747,,, 21 (City Pair System) 1980 70% 21,, 2005 ~ 2006 6 00 ~ 650 A - 380 300 ~ 350 - ( ) B - 767 B-777 FA A ( E TO P ) 3 ) 3 4 ( ) 30 DC-10, MD-11, B-747 1) 1978, ( H u b ), ( S p o k e ), 2) 2, 3) E T O P Extended-Range Twin Engine Operation F A A1 953 ETOP 60R u l e 60 1985 F A AE T O P 60 120, 1988 180, 20003 207
1987, T WA -, 12 11 22 350,,,,, 4 2 0 2019 190, 1993 170 21,,,, 21 (Airline Hub), (Great Hub Airport), ( ) 21 (Airline Hub),,,,,,
20 BAA, AAS, Lockheed Martin 1 0 21 21, 1987 4 (BAA, British Airport Authority),, 25 10 1997 45 30%, ( FAC, Federal Airports Corporation) 22, 3 1 2 9, JFK A A S (Amsterdam Airport Schipol),,, 50 %, B A A
2 / 3,, 21 (Airport City),, 3,,,,,, ) 21, 21, ( ( ) 21
1 5 7 4 8 9 1 7 1 0 1 6 d 8 2 13 3 1 1 6 1 4 1 5 1 2 1 8 1 a b 2 c 3 4 5 6 e 7 f 9 g 10 11 h
/ 82 7() ITS ( I L D O T Gateway Travel Information Center ILDOT Communication Center ) 82 8() : Keith Herbold 1: (Value Engineering) Don Jackson/FHWA, Washington, DC, / 2: (Pavement Managem e n t ) John Weaver/Deighton Consulting Group, Inc, / 3: (Pavement Design) Mike Darter/ERES Consultants 4: P h o t o l o g Dave Lippert/Illinois DOT 82 9() : Patrick Hasson 5: (Highway Capacity M a n u a l ) Dennis Lee/FHWA Indiana Division, / 6: (Road Safety Audits) Dr Martin Lipinski/Chairman, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Memphis, ( ) 7: ( M U T C D ) Bill Bremer(FHWA Wisconsin Division) 8: ( B r i d g e ) / 83 0() Wacker Drive Reconstruction Project, 1997, 1999 4 82 8 83 0, ( F H WA, Federal Highway A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ), 4 F H WA4 Resource Center Midwestern Resource Center Washington DC 3 30,, 10 F H WA Midwestern Resource CenterG e o rge Ostensen, 2 Washington DC A f r e d L o g i e,, FHWA
1970 1980,, 2000, 6, 2 9 6 % 244, ~, 237, 000 63, (PMS, Pavement Management System) F H WAP M S, P M S 14, PMS
P h o t o l o g g i n g P h o- t o l o g g i n g, I l l i- n o i s P h o t o l o g- ging, P h o t o l o g g i n g,, 1994 2000, 1992 2001, 1950,
,, 1994 2000, 1994, 1992 M U T C D - M i l l e n n i u m, Ve r s i o n, Interstate Highway ITS VMS M U T C D, F H WA M U T C D 200,,,, 5 M U T C D (Low Volume Roads)
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K O T I (http://wwwkotirekr) 7528019 294-22-00220-9 ( (2, 10,000) 411-701 2311 031) 910-3029 031) 910-3231 E-mail: hspark@kotirekr (1 2, 3,000) (, 1 5 ~ 20) 4 ~ 5 : I T S (2 4, ) ( ) (2, ) (50% ) : Working Paper : 1 2 0,0 0 0 7 0,0 0 0 The KOTI Bulletin Working Paper 50% 50%, ITS