2004- - : 2004 5 11 :?,,,,,? Sen (human capability) 1?,, I 1 2 1 Sen A Why health equity? Health Econ 2002:11;659-666 2 1991 p 17 1
,,,,,,, 20 1 2,, 2 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 3 1 (2001) 2
1),, 2), 2),, 3),,, 4), 5),,, 6), (1948) (1966) 19, ( ) 1), 2), 3), 4) (1966) II 1 (right to health), (right to health care), (right in health care) 4 (right to health) (input) (health outcome) (Right to be healthy) 5 6,,,, 4 1997 74-277 5 UN General Comments the right to the hightest attainable standard of health 2000 Nov 8 6 JM Mann, S Gruskin, M A Grodin, GJ Annas ʺHealth and Human Rightsʺ Routledge NewYork 1999 3
Health Human Rights Human Rights Health Health Human Rights 1 7 AIDS/TB control, screening program, Haiti,,, 2 (1976) 8,, 9 ( ) 4 7 8 1976 22 p 60-65 9 1976 22 p 66-73 4
(2000) 18 10 2, 1790~2 3, Right to Health care 11 How does the Right to Health care fit into the category of human rights? Right to Health care?,,,, - 10 2000 37 1 p36-50 11 Available at http://wwwrighttohealthorg 5
- 12,? [ ],, [ ],, III,,,,, 12 IMF 1999 p 49-41-66 6
1 1) (1948) 22 Social Security,,, 25 the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and wellbeing,,,,,,,,,, 2) International Covenant of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (,, A ) Article 7 b: healthy working conditions Article 9: Social Security Article 10 2, 3: Protection for mothers, children & youth Article 12: UDHR article 25 (a) (b) (c),,, (d) 3) Convention on the Rights of the Child Article 24 1 States Parties recognize the right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable 7
standard of health and to facilities for the treatment of illness and rehabilitation of health States Parties shall strive to ensure that no child is deprived of his or her right of access to such health care services 2 States Parties shall pursue full implementation of this right and, in particular, shall take appropriate measures: (a) To diminish infant and child mortality; (b) To ensure the provision of necessary medical assistance and health care to all children with emphasis on the development of primary health care; (c) To combat disease and malnutrition, including within the framework of primary health care, through, inter alia, the application of readily available technology and through the provision of adequate nutritious foods and clean drinking-water, taking into consideration the dangers and risks of environmental pollution; (d) To ensure appropriate pre-natal and post-natal health care for mothers; (e) To ensure that all segments of society, in particular parents and children, are informed, have access to education and are supported in the use of basic knowledge of child health and nutrition, the advantages of breastfeeding, hygiene and environmental sanitation and the prevention of accidents; (f) To develop preventive health care, guidance for parents and family planning education and services 3 States Parties shall take all effective and appropriate measures with a view to abolishing traditional practices prejudicial to the health of children 4 States Parties undertake to promote and encourage international co-operation with a view to achieving progressively the full realization of the right recognized in the present article In this regard, particular account shall be taken of the needs of developing countries 4) (1975, UN 30 ) 6 5) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women ( ) Article 12 8
1 States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in the field of health care in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, access to health care services, including those related to family planning 2 Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph I of this article, States Parties shall ensure to women appropriate services in connection with pregnancy, confinement and the post-natal period, granting free services where necessary, as well as adequate nutrition during pregnancy and lactation 6) WHO Health for all Primary Health Care ( ) 2 1) 36 3 2) 10 1 2 *,,,,, 3 1) (1888) 13,,, 13 (2001) 9
2) 14 1413 15 3),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 16 4) 1941 11 28 3 24 6, ( ) IV (1998) 85% 17 14 (2001) 15 (2001) 16 Available at http://wwwpvaagokr/upload/study/6-3) 1hwp 17 1998 379-387 10
(1999), (right to health care) (right to health) IMF 19,,, 18 V 4 20 Availability -,, Acceessibility -,,, (=affordability), Acceptability -,,, Quality -,,, 18 - IMF 1999 207-254 19,, 1998 1-38 20 UN General Comments the right to the hightest attainable standard of health 2000 Nov 8 11
5 The right to maternal, child, and reproductive health The right to healthy natural and workplace environment The right to prevention, treatment and control of disease The right to health facilities, good, and services,,,,,, 12