V. 5
EGc F=EG+4 {a+b}@= c@ +4\ ab Step /a@+b@= c@ Z=4@+@=5=5{cm} EG EG=Z @ =5@=5{cm@} 5 6 x=5y=4 x=y=5 x=4@+@=5=5 x=0@-8@=6=6 x=@-@=5=5 y=4@+5@=4 x=0@-6@=44= y=@-@=5=5 4 {a-b}@a@+b@ 9`cm `cm 9`cm@ E=4+FG c@=4\ ab+ {a-b}@ /c@= a@+b@ FZFSSLF 5`cm@ 5`cm Z=Z=5@-@=8=9{cm} Z=Z-Z=-9={cm} FG=Z @ =@=9{cm@} EF EZ=ZZ= FZE= F /E+F SS 5 90c@c@ 5`cm 0`cm@ 8`cm@ EZ ZFZ MZ E=EF= LF /E=FML FG=E+I =6+9=5{cm@} FG=Z @ =5{cm@} /Z=5{cm}{?Z>0} c@c@ 5`cm 5`cm@ E+E EE= 90! =E+E+E {a+b}@= ab+ ab+ c@ /a@+b@= c@ EZ=Z=4`cm EZ=@+4@=0=5{cm} EZ=EZ=5`cmE=90! E= \5\5=0{cm@} =E+E+E +E+GEF+G{SS} = \\4+ \\4+0 =8{cm@}
6 5 x@=4\0=40 /x=40=0{?x>0} y@=6\4=4 /y=4=6{?y>0} {}@=@+@ 4@=@+@ 4@={7}@+@ @=5@+@ 0@=6@+8@ @=7@+9@ x+4 {x+4}@=6@+x@ 9 Z @ Z @ Z @ 8x=0 /x= 5 EZ @ +Z @ ={EZ @ +Z @ }+{Z @ + Z @ } ={EZ @ +Z @ }+{Z @ + Z @ } 7 =EZ @ + Z @ } <x<0 6<x< 8-6<x<8+6<x<4 <90!x@<8@+6@=00 /0<x<0 <x<0 6-5<x<6+5<x< >90!x@>5@+6@=6 /x>6 6<x< 5@=9@+@ 9@<6@+7@ @>8@+9@ 5@+6@=x@+{}@ x@=9 /x={?x>0} 8@+6@=4@+x@ x@=84 /x={?x>0} 0 4@+6@=5@+Z @ Z @ =7 /Z={?Z>0} @+4@=@+PZ @ PZ @ = /PZ={?PZ>0} 8 45 5 4 x=0y=6 5 p`cm@ 0`cm@ Z @ =Z\Z=8\0=80 /Z=80=45{?Z>0} Z @ =Z\Z=\0=0 /Z=0=5{?Z>0} Z @ =Z\Z=8\=6 /Z=6=4{?Z>0} S+S= \p\5@=5 p{cm@} = = \\5 =0{cm@}
Step 5 56 5 4 8 5 45 6 5 7 8 6 9 x 0 5 6 80 `cm 4 64 5 000 6 49 7 44 8 9 407 0 98 8 4 8<x<45 5 4<x<97 6 7 8 9 Z=0Z=6 0 48 8 4 5 5 4 55 5 4 6 45 7 44 8 5 9 5 40 5 p 4 66 4 64 4 44 5 45 5 4 x=6@-4@=0=5 Z=7@-5@=4=6 /= \5\6=56 {x+}@=x@+8@ x@+4x+4=x@+64 4x=60 /x=5 4 x=@-5@=44= y=0@-@=56=6 /x+y=+6=8 5 Z=4@+@=5=5 Z=Z=5 /Z=Z+Z=+5=8 Z=4@+8@=80=45 6 Z=@+@=8= Z=4{}@+@6= = E EZ=4{}@+@6=6=4 EF FZ=44@+@6=0=5 7 Z=x Z=x@+x@=x@=x Z=4{x}@+x@6=x@=x E EZ=4{x}@+x@6=4x@=x x=6x= 8 EZ=Z=@+@= GZ=FZ=4{}@+@6= IZ=Z=4{}@+@6=4= KZ=JZ=@+@=5 /LZ=4{5}@+@6=6 9 O'Z=x OZ=O'Z=x@+x@=x@=x OZ=O'Z=4{x}@+x@6=x@=x x=6x= /O'Z= 0Z Z=4{6}@+@6=0 Z=Z=x 6 x@+x@={0}@x@=0 x@=5 /x=5{?x>0} 6 Z 6 Z=9-6= 9 Z=6@-@=7= /Z=Z= Z=49@+{}@6=08=6 4 Z 0 0 8 EF 6 E 4 EFZ=Z=4 F 6 EZ= \{6-4}=6 E EZ=0@-6@=64=8 /= \{4+6}\8=80 4
FG=4`cm@I=6`cm@ Z @ =4Z @ =6 /Z=7Z @ -Z @ 9=4-6=8={cm} 4Z=0@-6@=64=8 E=Z @ =8@=64 F+ESS E=E= E /F= E= \64= 0E+E EZ=EZE=90!E EZ=EZE=50 \EZ@ =50EZ @ =00 /EZ=0{?EZ>0} EZ=0@-8@=6=6 /=E+E =50+\ \8\6=98 5E+FE+GF+G{SS} EFG Z=4-8=6 E EZ=8@+6@=00=0 EFG=EZ @ =0@=00 6 E+FE+GF+G{SS} EFG EFG=EZ @ =5EZ=5=5 EZ=5@-4@=9= Z=4+=7 =Z @ =7@=49 7Z=Z=5P PZ=4{5}@-@6=6=4 QZ=PZ=PQZ=4-= /PQRS=@=4 8Q+R+S+PR QZ=RZ=5 RZ=@-5@=44= PSZ=-5=7 Q= \5\=0 PQRS=7@=49 9E+E EZ=Z=4EZ=Z=8 EEZ=8@+4@=80=45 /EZ=EZ=45 E=90! E= \45\45=40 =E+E+E = \4\8+40+ \4\8=7 @=@+{}@ 5@=@+4@ {58}@=@+7@ {6}@=5@+6@ 8@=5@+{5}@ 0@=6@+8@ {x+}@=x@+6@ x@+4x+4=x@+6 4x= /x=8 x+ x+<{x-}+x /x>6 {x+}@={x-}@+x@ x@+6x+9=x@-6x+9+x@ x@-x=0x{x-}=0 /x={?x>6} 4x>8x 8<x< <90!x@<4@+8@ /0<x<45 8<x<45 5x>5x 5<x<9 x@>4@+5@ /x>4 4<x<9 4<x<9x7 6x<99 5
<x<9 9@<6@+x@x@>45 /x>5{?x>0} 5<x<9 x78 76@=@+{}@ 8@>4@+6@ {5}@<5@+7@ 8@<6@+7@ @>7@+8@ 8kkk{k>0} {k}@=k@+k@ kkk{k>0} {k}@>{k}@+{k}@ k4k5k{k>0} {5k}@={k}@+{4k}@ 5k6k7k{k>0} {7k}@<{5k}@+{6k}@ 7k0kk{k>0} {k}@<{7k}@+{0k}@ 9Z @ =Z\Z Z @ =4\0=40 /Z=0{?Z>0} Z @ =Z\Z Z @ =4\6=4 /Z=6{?Z>0} 0Z @ =Z\Zx@=4\6=4 /x=6{?x>0} Z @ =Z\Zy@=4\=8 /y={?y>0} Z @ =Z\Zz@=\6= /z={?z>0} /xyz=6\\=48 Z=0@-6@=64=8 Z\Z=Z\Z 6\8=0\Z k\k=k\ 6k@=k /k= 6 /Z=\ 6 = EZ @ +Z @ =EZ @ +Z @ 5@+6@=4@+Z @ Z @ =45 /Z=5{?Z>0} 4 EZ= Z= \0=5 EZ @ +Z @ =EZ @ +Z @ =5@+0@=5 5Z=ZZ @ +Z @ =Z @ +Z @ Z @ =8@+{5}@ Z @ =4 /Z=4 {?Z>0} 6 O Z=4{}@+{6}@6=9= /Z @ +Z @ =Z @ +Z @ =6@+@=45 7Z @ +Z @ =Z @ +Z @ 6@+9@={9}@+Z @ Z @ =4 /Z=4{?Z>0} O OZ=4{4}@-5@6=6=4 8 PZ @ +PZ @ =PZ @ +PZ @ 4@+PZ @ =5@+6@ PZ @ =45 /PZ=5{?PZ>0} 9 PZ @ +PZ @ =PZ @ +PZ @ {0}@+PZ @ =5@+PZ @ /PZ @ -PZ @ =5-0=5 40ZZZ S= \p\@+ \p\4@ /Z= 4 5 Z=kZ=k{k>0} Z={k}@+{k}@=k Z\Z=Z\Z = 9 p+8p=5 p 4 Z 5p+p=7p \p\[ Z ]@ =7p 6
Z @ =6 /Z=66{?Z>0} 4 Z=0@-8@=6=6 = = \8\6=4 `cm 8`cm 0 =\={cm} =\8=8{cm} 4 \\Z=0 /Z=5 Z=@+5@=69= 44QZ=Z=5Q QZ=5@-9@=44= /QZ=5-= PQZ=x PZ=PQZ=xPZ=9-x PQ x@={9-x}@+@ x@=8-8x+x@+9 8x=90 /x=5 45 EZ=x EZ=EZ=xEZ=6-x E x@={6-x}@+@ x@=6-x+x@+9 x=45 /x= 5 4 x= /x= x=5 /x=0 `cm4`cm@ 4`cm6`cm@ 6 `cm `cm 5`cm `cm = \4={cm} = 4 \4@=4{cm@} = \8=4{cm} = 4 \8@=6{cm@} a`cm a= /a= 6 6 `cm a= /a= Step `cm 4`cm 65 =9@+6@=7={cm} =@+5@=4{cm} x=9@-4@=65 x=7@-4@= `cm a@=5a@=0 /a=5{?a>0} 4 5`cm a@=a@=8 /a={?a>0} 4 `cm 4 `cm 55`cm 55`cm@ 9`cm 7`cm 77`cm@ 8-x 5 5 7
Z= \6={cm} 5 6 Z=8@-@=55{cm} = \6\55=55{cm@} Z= \8=9{cm} Z=@-9@=6=7{cm} = \8\7=77{cm@} Z=Z-Z=8-x Z @ =9@-x@=7@-{8-x}@ 8-x@=49-{64-6x+x@} 6x=96 /x=6 /Z=9@-6@=45=5 = \8\5=5 x=y= x= 7 7 y= x=4y=46 x=4y= 4 x= /x= y= /y= x7= /x= 7 7 7 y= /y= x8= /x=4 4y= /y=46 4x= /x=4 y4= /y= 4 5 65 5 y 5 O 5 - - x Z={--}@+{-5}@=0=5 Z={5+}@+{--}@=65 Z={-5}@+{5+}@=45=5 {5}@+{5}@={65}@ =90! Step 8`cm6`cm48`cm@ 4`cm@ 9p 4 6 5 05`cm45`cm 6 4 7 6`cm 5 8 56 `cm 9 5`cm@ 4 0 `cm@ 4`cm4`cm@ 6`cm 45`cm@ 4 4`cm{0+4}`cm 5 5 6 5455 7 6`cm 8 56`cm 9 `cm 0 56 7 {6+6}`cm 4 4 5 Z=Z=65Z= 6 7 5 8 5 9 '{-}89 0 4k`cm k`cm{k>0} 4{4k}@+{k}@6=0 5k@=00k@=4 /k={?k>0} 4\=8{cm} \=6{cm} =8\6=48{cm@} EF=Z @ =@+5@=4{cm@} r r \r=6 /r= p\@=9p 4 Z=\= EFG GZ=4{6}@+{}@6= =4 /Z+GZ=+4=6 8
5 Z=0@+0@=500=05{cm} Z\Z=Z\Z 0\0=05\Z /Z=45{cm} 6 Z=8@+6@=00=0 Z @ =Z\Z 6@=Z\0 /Z= 8 5 Z\Z=Z\Z Z 60! 60! 60! a`cm \ 4 a@=8 a@=6 /a=4{?a>0} 4\4=6{cm} 8\6=0\Z /Z= 4 5 /Z+Z= 8 5 + 4 5 = 4 5 7 Z\Z Z Z= \6=9{cm} Z Z=`cm Z=8@-@=60=5{cm} /= \4\5 =45{cm@} 8`cm 8`cm `cm `cm /GZ= Z= \9=6{cm} 8 Z=a`cm a=5 /a= 5 E \ 5 = 56 4 {cm} 4= Z=Z Z 0`cm@ \0\Z=0 /Z=4{cm} 0`cm 9 Z=6@-4@=0=5{cm} /= 4 \{5}@=5{cm@} 0a`cm 4 a@=6a@=64 /a=8{?a>0} Z= \8=4{cm} E= 4 \{4}@={cm@} 4`cm 6 4`cm =6\[ 4 \4@]=4{cm@} Z= \0=5{cm} Z=4@+5@=4{cm} Z+Z+Z=4+0+4 =0+4{cm} 5 Z Z=xZ=7-x Z @ =6@-x@=8@-{7-x}@ 6-x@=64-49+4x-x@ 4x= /x= /Z=r6@-[ ]@ y=r 5 4 y=5 6 x 8 7-x 9
6 Z Z=x Z=0-x Z @ =@-x@=8@-{0-x}@ 44-x@=4-400+40x-x@ 40x=0 /x= /Z=r@-[ ]@ y=r 455 4 y=455 /= \0\455 =5455 7ZZ= 6Z= /Z=6{cm} ZZ= 6Z= /Z=6{cm} 8ZZ= 0Z= /Z=0{cm} ZZ= Z0= /Z=56{cm} 9ZZ= Z= /Z= {cm} x 8 0-x =80!-{90!+0!}=60! = = \60!=0! ZZ= Z = /Z={cm} 0 Z ZZ= Z5= /Z= 5 /=6\ 5 =56 5 60! 6 Z ZZ= 4Z= /Z=7 ZZ= 7Z= /Z=7 60! 8 =45! a`cm a6= /a= a`cm 6`cm 6+a=6+\=6+6{cm} 4 0! 45! 45! 6`cm PQZ=5PQZ @ ={5}@ {a-}@+{--4}@=45a@-a-8=0 {a+}{a-4}=0 /a=-a=4 Q4a>0 /a=4 4 {-}@+{4-}@=5 @+@= {0-}@+{-5-0}@=9 {+}@+{--}@=5=5 {-4+}@+{-7+}@=7 5Z={5+}@+{--}@=5 = Z={-5}@+{6+}@=65 Z={--}@+{-6}@= Z @ +Z @ =Z @ =90! 6 Z={4+}@+{-}@=40=0 Z={-4}@+{5-}@=0=5 Z={--}@+{-5}@=0=5 Z=ZZ @ +Z @ =Z @ =90! 7 y=x@+4x+={x+}@- {--} {-}@+{-}@=5 0
8 y=- x@+x+=- {x-}@+ {} y=x@+x+8={x+}@+6 {-6} {+}@+{-6}@=6+9=5=5 9 x y 5 ' '{-} PZ='PZ PZ+PZ O P 6 x ='PZ+PZ>'Z PZ+PZ 'Z={6-}@+{5+}@ =89 - ' 0Z' PZ='PZ PZ+PZ='PZ+PZ>'Z 'Z ' 7 5 '' P 'Z=@+@= 5 PZ+PZ ' ' x=5@+4@=4 y=7{4}@+6@9=77 x=@+4@=5 y=5@+6@=6 x=@+7@=58 y=7{58}@+5@9=8 x=@+@= y=7{}@+@9=4 x@+@+@= x@=8 /x={?x>0} 75@+{0}@+x@9=9 x@=6 /x=4{?x>0} x=y= x=4y=4 x=7y=7 0 x=\= y=\= x=\4=4 y=\4=4 x=\7=7 y=\7=7 x=\5=5 y=\5=5 x=0 /x= 0 x=8 /x= 86 x=5y=5 86 Step x=4y=77 x=5y=6 x=58y=8 4 x=y=4 5 5 6 9 9 4 4 56 5 4 5
MZ= \= Z= MZ= \ = O OZ=7@-{}@9=6 = 4 \@= 9 4 = \ 9 9 \6= 4 4 MZ= \5= 5 Z= MZ= \ 5 = 5 O OZ=r5@-[ 5 ]@ y= 56 = 4 \5@=5 4 = \5 4 \ 56 =5 5 h=5`cmv= 5 p`cm# h=`cmv= 5 p`cm# h=6`cmv=8p`cm# h=45`cmv= 565 p`cm# 4`cm 6p`cm@ h=0@-5@=75=5{cm} V= \p\5@\5=5 p{cm#} h=6@-5@={cm} V= \p\5@\=5 p{cm#} h=9@-@=7 =6{cm} V= \p\@\6=8p{cm#} h=@-8@=80=45{cm} V= \p\8@\45=565 p{cm#} r=5@-@=6=4{cm} S=p\4@=6p{cm@} 4 4 6 6 Z=\4=4 4 9 94 6 Z= Z= \4= O OZ=4@-{}@6= =4\4=6 = \6\=6 Z=\= Z= Z= \= O OZ=r6@-[ ]@ y=r 6 y=4 =\=9 = \9\4 =94 6 F G 4 =4@+{+6}@=80=45 4p 6p ={6p}@+{4p}@=5p@=p
Step a@=6 `cm {4+5+}`cm 4`cm@ 4 86`cm@ 5 `cm@ 6 66`cm 7 6`cm4`cm@ 8 `cm@ `cm 9 6`cm# 0 46`cm@6`cm@ 66`cm# 6`cm@ 7`cm# 4 47 `cm# 5 `cm 6 0! 7 7p`cm# 8 5 p`cm# 9 45p`cm@` 0 `cm 8`cm 0`cm 8p`cm 4 p`cm FZ=x`cm4@+@+x@=4 x@+5=48x@= /x={?x>0} /FZ=`cm Z=\={cm} GZ=@+@+5@=4{cm} G GZ+GZ+Z=4+5+{cm} Z=a`cm 4@+5@+a@=5 a@+4=50a@=9 /a={?a>0} FZ=4@+5@=4{cm} F=4\=4{cm@} 4 MFZ=FNZ=NZ=MZMFN MNZ=Z=\4=4{cm} FZ=\4=4{cm} /MFN= \4\4 =86{cm@} 5 a`cm a= /a= /FZ=\={cm} F=90! F= \\={cm@} 6 a`cm EGZ=a{cm} EG= \EZ\EGZ= \a\a= a@{cm@} a@=7 /a=6{?a>0} /GZ=a=\6=66{cm} 7 Z=\4=4{cm} IZ=IZ=`cm GZ=GZ=4@+8@ =80=45{cm} GI IGZ=4{45}@-{}@6 =7 =6{cm} G= \4\6 =4{cm@} `cm `cm I 45`cm G 45`cm 8 FZ=FZ=Z=\={cm} F`cm /F= 4 \{}@={cm@} \F\IZ= \\FZ \\IZ= \[ \\]\ IZ= 4 /IZ= {cm} 9 a`cm 6 a= /a=66 /= \{66}#=6{cm#} 0Z= 6 \=46{cm} `cm MZ= \=6{cm} /M= \MZ\Z = \6\46=6{cm@} MZ= Z= \4=6{cm} a`cm a=6 /a=4 \{4}#=66{cm#}
Z=4{}@+{}@6=6=6{cm} Z= Z= \6={cm} OOZ=5@-@=6=4{cm} /O= \\4=6{cm@} /=@-6@ =08=6{cm} /= \p\6@\6 =7p{cm#} r`cm `cm E Z=6@+6@=6{cm} E Z= Z= \6 ={cm} Z=46@-{}@6={cm} /=\ =\[ \6@\] =7{cm#} 6`cm 8 L h`cm h=6@-8@=9=8{cm} \p\8@\8=5 p{cm#} 9 9@-6@=45=5{cm} p\{5}@=45p{cm@} 6`cm 8`cm L h`cm 4 Z=\={cm} Z= Z= \ ={cm} E `cm Z=4@-{}@6=7{cm} /= 47 \@\7= {cm#} 5r`cm pr@=4pr@=4 /r={?r>0} /=5@-@={cm} 6L`cm L=4@+{}@6=9= x! p\\ x! 60! =p\ /x=0 `cm 7r`cm pr=p /r=6 x! `cm `cm 5`cm r`cm `cm 0 r`cm pr=46p /r=6 Z=6`cmO OZ=46@-{6}@6= ={cm} EZ 7`cm EZ={5++5}@+7@ F 5`cm G 5`cm E =8{cm} `cm `cm Z Z={+4+}@+6@ =00=0{cm} 4`cm F `cm E 6`cm G r`cm pr@=45pr@=45 /r=5{?r>0} p\5=65p{cm} ' 'Z p`cm 'Z=4{65p}@+{p}@6 ' 65p`cm =4p@=8p{cm} 4
4 5p`cm ' 'Z=p\=4p{cm} Z={5p}@-{4p}@ =9p@=p{cm} 4p`cm ' 0 a@+b@ c c@>a@+b@ PZ @ +PZ @ 0 a@ x@+y@ 4 0 a# L@-r@ 5
4@=@+x@x@=7 /x=7{?x>0} @x x@=4@+@=5 /x=5{?x>0} 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 4 4 4`cm 5 5 48`cm@ 6 7 8 9 0 6 `cm x=0@-@=56=6 y=@+5@=69= /x-y=6-= Z=@+@= Z=4{}@+@6= EZ=4{}@+@6=4= /FZ=@+@=5 `cm Z 5`cm Z=Z=`cm 6`cm Z=Z-Z=6- ={cm} Z=5@-@=6=4{cm} Z=Z=4`cm Z=6@+4@=5 ={cm} 4 Z=0@-8@=6=6{cm} /F= E= \6@=8{cm@} 5 @+{9}@=6@ @+{5}@={5}@ @+{}@={}@ 4@+5@={0}@ 6!4 7 Z=4@+@=5=5{cm} Z @ =Z\Z 4@=Z\5 /Z= 6 5 {cm} 8 @={5}@+@=90! Z\Z=Z\Z 5\=\Z /Z= 5 9 OZ=@+@=5 /Z @ +Z @ =Z @ +Z @ ={5}@+{5}@=5 0{0}@+{5}@=5@+PZ @ 0+0=5+PZ @ PZ @ =5 /PZ=5{cm}{?PZ>0} Z=5@-4@=9={cm} /= = \4\=6{cm@} =5@-@=6=4{cm} /=\4={cm@} Z=@+4@=5=5{cm} 4@=y\5 /y= 6 5 \4=x\5 /x= 5 /y-x= 6 5-5 = 4 5 46 a`cm 6 \4=4{cm@} a`cm \a@=4a@=6 /a=4{?a>0} 4 /=6\4=4{cm} 6
5Z=0@-8@=6=6{cm} Z=Z=\6={cm} /= \\8=48{cm@} 6 6 Z 4 4Z= /Z= /=6\= 60! 7{-}@+{-5}@=5 {+}@+{-}@=4= 8 {--0}@+{-5}@=0 {-4}@+{0-}@=8= {+}@+{-5+7}@=0=5 y 6 - O x Z={--}@+{-6}@= =4 OZ={-}@+@=8= OZ=@+6@=40=0 Z @ +OZ @ =OZ @ OO=90! `cm h`cm EZ= \={cm} h=4{}@-@6= /= 4 \@\= {cm#} h`cm h=@-5@=44 ={cm} /= \p\5@\ =00p{cm#} p\4=8p{cm} ''Z h`cm 8p`cm ' 8p`cm '' ''Z={p}@+{8p+8p}@ =400p@=0p{cm} ' '' `cm 5`cm p`cm /O= \4\=8 9a`cm a=6 /a= `cm 0FZ=\={cm} FZ=\={cm} F=90!F \=IZ\ /IZ= 6 {cm} OE EZ=4@-{}@6 ={cm} /Z=EZ=\ ={cm} O h`cm `cm E `cm 7